Abdominal Wall Hernia PF - meddean.luc.edu · Abdominal Wall Hernia •• Definition Definition...
Transcript of Abdominal Wall Hernia PF - meddean.luc.edu · Abdominal Wall Hernia •• Definition Definition...
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Abdominal Wall HerniaAbdominal Wall Hernia
P. Marco Fisichella, MDP. Marco Fisichella, MDAssistant ProfessorAssistant Professor
Department of SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery
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Abdominal Wall HerniaAbdominal Wall Hernia
•• DefinitionDefinition–– ExternalExternal–– InterparietalInterparietal–– InternalInternalInternalInternal
ReducibleReducible–– ReducibleReducible–– NonNon--reducible (aka incarcerated)reducible (aka incarcerated)
St l t dSt l t d–– StrangulatedStrangulated
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Abdominal Wall HerniaAbdominal Wall HerniaAbdominal Wall HerniaAbdominal Wall Hernia
•• Richter’s herniaRichter’s herniaRichter s herniaRichter s hernia•• Littre’s herniaLittre’s hernia
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LocationLocationLocationLocation
•• GroinGroin•• UmbilicusUmbilicus•• Linea alba (epigastric)Linea alba (epigastric)•• Surgical incisionsSurgical incisions•• Surgical incisionsSurgical incisions•• SemiSemi--lunar linelunar line•• DiaphragmDiaphragm•• Lumbar trianglesLumbar trianglesgg•• PelvisPelvis
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Groin herniaGroin hernia
•• Indirect inguinalIndirect inguinalt l t l –– scrotal scrotal
•• Direct inguinal Direct inguinal •• FemoralFemoral
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Groin HerniaGroin HerniaGroin HerniaGroin Hernia
•• Men > womenMen > women•• Right > leftRight > leftRight > leftRight > left•• 10% of premature babies10% of premature babies
5% f d lt l ti5% f d lt l ti•• 5% of adult population5% of adult population
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Indirect Hernia AnatomyIndirect Hernia AnatomyIndirect Hernia AnatomyIndirect Hernia Anatomy
•• Indirect herniaIndirect hernia–– Dilated persistent processus Dilated persistent processus p pp p
vaginalisvaginalis–– Within spermatic cordWithin spermatic cordpp–– Follows indirect courseFollows indirect course–– Complete vs. incomplete sacComplete vs. incomplete sacCo p ete s co p ete sacCo p ete s co p ete sac–– Sliding herniaSliding hernia–– Cord lipomaCord lipomaCord lipomaCord lipoma
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Direct Hernia AnatomyDirect Hernia AnatomyDirect Hernia AnatomyDirect Hernia Anatomy
•• Hesselbach’s triangleHesselbach’s trianglegg–– Inguinal ligament (base), rectus Inguinal ligament (base), rectus
(medial), inferior epigastric vessels (medial), inferior epigastric vessels (lateral)(lateral)
•• Sliding herniaSliding herniagg
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Femoral Hernia AnatomyFemoral Hernia AnatomyFemoral Hernia AnatomyFemoral Hernia Anatomy
•• Inferior to inguinal ligamentInferior to inguinal ligament•• Women> menWomen> men•• Cloquet’s nodeCloquet’s nodeCloquet s nodeCloquet s node•• Usually on medial aspect of Usually on medial aspect of
femoral sheathfemoral sheathfemoral sheathfemoral sheath
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DiagnosisDiagnosisgg
•• Groin swelling that resolves Groin swelling that resolves with supine positionwith supine positionp pp p
•• Precipitating factorsPrecipitating factors–– Increased intraIncreased intra--abdominal pressureabdominal pressure–– Increased intraIncreased intra--abdominal pressureabdominal pressure–– Defects in collagen synthesisDefects in collagen synthesis
SmokingSmoking–– SmokingSmoking
•• Examine erect and supineExamine erect and supine•• Does not transilluminateDoes not transilluminate
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Groin Hernia Differential Groin Hernia Differential DiagnosisDiagnosis
•• HydroceleHydrocele•• VaricoceleVaricocele•• EpididymoorchitisEpididymoorchitis•• Torsion of testisTorsion of testis•• Undescended testisUndescended testis•• Undescended testisUndescended testis•• Ectopic testisEctopic testis•• Testicular tumorTesticular tumorTesticular tumorTesticular tumor•• Femoral artery aneurysmFemoral artery aneurysm•• LipomaLipomapp•• LymphadenopathyLymphadenopathy
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TreatmentTreatment
•• Expectant management Expectant management •• Surgical repairSurgical repairSurgical repairSurgical repair
–– MeshMeshOpenOpen–– OpenOpen
–– LaparoscopicLaparoscopic•• TEP (totally extraTEP (totally extra--peritoneal)peritoneal)•• TEP (totally extraTEP (totally extra--peritoneal)peritoneal)•• TAPP (transabdominal preTAPP (transabdominal pre--peritoneal)peritoneal)
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ComplicationsComplicationspp
•• RecurrenceRecurrence•• NeuralgiaNeuralgia
–– IlioinguinalIlioinguinal–– IliohypogastricIliohypogastric–– GenitofemoralGenitofemoral–– Lateral cutaneous Lateral cutaneous
•• Ischemic orchitisIschemic orchitis•• Injury to vas deferenceInjury to vas deference•• Wound infectionWound infection•• BleedingBleeding
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Umbilical HerniaUmbilical HerniaUmbilical HerniaUmbilical Hernia
•• Women> menWomen> men•• Risk factorsRisk factorsRisk factorsRisk factors
•• ObesityObesity•• PregnancyPregnancyg yg y
•• May rupture with ascitesMay rupture with ascites•• Repair primarily or with meshRepair primarily or with mesh•• Repair primarily or with meshRepair primarily or with mesh
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Umbilical HerniaUmbilical Hernia
•• Common in infantsCommon in infantsCommon in infantsCommon in infants•• Close spontaneously if <1.5 cmClose spontaneously if <1.5 cm•• Repair if > 2 cm or if persists at Repair if > 2 cm or if persists at •• Repair if > 2 cm or if persists at Repair if > 2 cm or if persists at
age 3age 3--4 years4 years
•• Repair primarily or with meshRepair primarily or with mesh
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Epigastric HerniaEpigastric HerniaEpigastric HerniaEpigastric Hernia
•• Incidence 1Incidence 1--5%5%•• Men> womenMen> women•• Men> womenMen> women•• PrePre--peritoneal fat protrusion peritoneal fat protrusion
th h d ti fib t th h d ti fib t through decussating fibers at through decussating fibers at linea albalinea alba
•• Between xiphoid and umbilicusBetween xiphoid and umbilicus•• 20% multiple20% multiplepp•• Repair primarilyRepair primarily
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Incisional HerniaIncisional Hernia
•• Risk factorsRisk factors–– TechnicalTechnical–– Wound infectionWound infection–– SmokingSmoking–– Hypoxia/ ischemiaHypoxia/ ischemia–– TensionTension
Ob itOb it–– ObesityObesity–– MalnutritionMalnutritionL i iL i i•• Laparoscopic vs. open repairLaparoscopic vs. open repair
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Parastomal HerniaParastomal HerniaParastomal HerniaParastomal Hernia
•• Variant of incisional herniaVariant of incisional hernia•• Paracolostomy > paraileostomyParacolostomy > paraileostomyParacolostomy > paraileostomyParacolostomy > paraileostomy•• Low rate if through rectus Low rate if through rectus
musclemusclemusclemuscle•• Traditionally relocate stoma, Traditionally relocate stoma,
i d f ti d f trepair defectrepair defect•• Concern for mesh erosionConcern for mesh erosion•• Laparoscopic repairLaparoscopic repair
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Spieghelian HerniaSpieghelian HerniaSpieghelian HerniaSpieghelian Hernia
•• RareRare•• Hernia through subumbilical Hernia through subumbilical Hernia through subumbilical Hernia through subumbilical
portion of semiportion of semi--lunar linelunar line•• Difficult to diagnoseDifficult to diagnose•• Difficult to diagnoseDifficult to diagnose
–– Clinical suspicion (location)Clinical suspicion (location)CT CT –– CT scanCT scan
•• Repair primarily or with meshRepair primarily or with mesh
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Lumbar HerniaLumbar HerniaLumbar HerniaLumbar Hernia
C it l t C it l t •• Congenital, spontaneous or Congenital, spontaneous or traumatictraumaticG f ltt’ t i lG f ltt’ t i l•• Grynfeltt’s triangleGrynfeltt’s triangle–– 1212thth rib, internal oblique and rib, internal oblique and
sacrospinalis musclesacrospinalis musclesacrospinalis musclesacrospinalis muscle–– Covered by latissimus dorsiCovered by latissimus dorsi
•• Petit’s trianglePetit’s triangle•• Petit’s trianglePetit’s triangle–– Latissimus dorsi, external oblique Latissimus dorsi, external oblique
and iliac crestand iliac crestand iliac crestand iliac crest–– Covered by superficial fasciaCovered by superficial fascia
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Pelvic HerniaPelvic Hernia
•• Obturator herniaObturator hernia–– Most commonly in womenMost commonly in women–– HowshipHowship--Romberg signRomberg sign
•• Sciatic herniaSciatic hernia•• Perineal herniaPerineal herniaPerineal herniaPerineal hernia