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ABC / PBES Research Update Waseem Dekelbab, PhD, PE, PMP Sr. Program Officer, TRB Accelerated Bridge Construction Prefabricated Bridge Elements & System P2P Exchange, Southeast Region February 26-March 1, 2013 Norfolk, Virginia

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O UTLINE FHWA/AASHTO/NCHRP International and Domestic Scan FHWA Research Update State Research Update TRB Research Update SHRP2 NCHRP

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FHWA/ AASHTO/ NCHRP 20-36: P REFABRICATED B RIDGE E LEMENTS AND S YSTEMS IN J APAN AND E UROPE (2004) Movement System Superstructure Systems Deck Systems Substructure Systems

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S CAN 07-02 B EST P RACTICES IN A CCELERATED C ONSTRUCTION T ECHNIQUES (2008) Best practices highlighted by the accelerated construction scan include success stories in the areas of partnering, design, planning, and contracting strategies 4

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B EST P RACTICES R EGARDING P ERFORMANCE OF ABC C ONNECTIONS IN B RIDGES S UBJECTED T O M ULTI -H AZARD AND E XTREME E VENTS (2012) Scan 11-02: Summary of Initial Findings 8 Topic Areas: 1. Extreme load consideration for bridges and ABC connections 2. ABC connection details 3. ABC connection maintenance 4. Standardization of ABC connection details and processes

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B EST P RACTICES R EGARDING P ERFORMANCE OF ABC C ONNECTIONS IN B RIDGES S UBJECTED T O M ULTI -H AZARD AND E XTREME E VENTS 5. ABC connection research 6. Innovative ABC connections 7. Monitoring ABC connections and prefabricated bridge elements and systems 8. Other findings

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Federal Highway Administration Research Update

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Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Research Related to ABC Highways for LIFE demonstration projects: Precast segmental bridge bent system in high seismic region of Washington State FRP deck panels for movable bridges County Project in NY this spring

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ABC/PBES C ONNECTIONS D R. B ENJAMIN G RAYBEAL Address field-cast connection shortcomings by recommending best practices based on quantitative physical testing Wide ranging laboratory investigation Full-scale tests (box beams, deck-bulb-tees, etc.) Subcomponent tests (deck panels, etc.) Mechanical tests (cubes, prisms, etc.) Durability tests (F/T, etc.) Stability tests (shrinkage)

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M ODULAR C OMPONENT C ONNECTION R ESEARCH Focus on simple connections that use better grouts Assess initial, service, and ultimate performance Seven different materials are being compared for use in connections High strength, low shrinkage grouts Epoxy grout UHPC Tendon grout Magnesium ammonium phosphate grout Typical deck concrete

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L IGHTWEIGHT HPC S TRUCTURAL P ERFORMANCE Focus on gap in density between LW and NW Testing complete. Working with AASHTO SCOBS T-10 to compile state-of-knowledge then propose specification revisions. 5 In-depth studies Transfer & development length for PC girders Shear strength of PC girders Development of mild steel reinforcement Prestress losses Materials characterization

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U LTRA -H IGH P ERFORMANCE C ONCRETE Provide new solutions to existing and anticipated problems in our highway infrastructure Strong DOT interest in UHPC for PBES connections Ongoing Efforts: Assist State DOTs in UHPC deployment activities Develop/test optimal PBES connection concepts Develop QA/QC test methodology Address Buy America requirements

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2009 NYSDOT UHPC J OINT C ONSTRUCTION Route 31 over Canandaigua Outlet

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I NCREASED S HEAR S TUD S PACING FOR ABC This project will determine if clustered stud spacing at 12, 24, 36, and 48 inches produced different static and fatigue behavior. 14

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UHPC C OMPOSITE C ONNECTION Steel Girder ConnectionConcrete Girder Connection

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LRFD FOR GRS, D R. J ENNIFER N ICKS Update the resistance factors for reinforcement strength and vertical capacity of a GRS composite mass. Evaluate previous performance test data and conduct new performance tests on different material Evaluate the results of shake table tests Performing a reliability analysis to develop LRFD

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S YSTEMS D ESIGN M ETHODOLOGY FOR A PPROACH /A BUTMENT /B ACKWALL I NTEGRATION, M IKE A DAMS Establish why a bridge built on a GRS-IBS can be in-service for more than 5 years without developing a pavement crack at the abutment approach interface Define the mechanics of passive earth pressure against a GRS approach Determine thermally induced substructure/superstructure interaction Apply the result of this work to the design of bridges on integral abutments

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S EISMIC P ERFORMANCE OF GRS W ALLS AND A BUTMENTS, M IKE A DAMS The "no seismic analysis option" just passed in AASTHO for certain MSE walls does not apply for abutment applications Evaluate NCHRP and TPF research to determine if Section 11 should be updated

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D ESIGN AND C ONSTRUCTION GRS-IBS Interim Implementation Guide Design and Construction Guidance Synthesis Report Research and Background

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State Research Update

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A CCELERATED B RIDGE C ONSTRUCTION D ECISION & E CONOMIC M ODELING T OOL Compares ABC & conventional construction Helps analyze different alternatives & determine which construction approach is preferred for a specific bridge project 21

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S TATE -S PONSORED ABC R ESEARCH P ARTIAL L ISTING New York State DOT Washington State DOT Virginia Tech full-depth deck panel research Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research (VCTIR) 2011 Laboratory Investigation of Lightweight Concrete Properties Texas DOT 2001 Research Project on Development of a Precast Bent Cap System

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NCHRP Research Projects Update

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NCHRP R EPORT 519: C ONNECTION B ETWEEN S IMPLE -S PAN P RECAST C ONCRETE G IRDERS M ADE C ONTINUOUS Recommended details and specifications for the design of continuity connections for precast concrete girders Examples illustrating the design of four precast girder types made continuous for live load

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NCHRP R EPORT 584: F ULL -D EPTH, P RECAST -C ONCRETE B RIDGE D ECK P ANEL S YSTEMS Recommended guidelines and AASHTO LRFD Specifications language for design, fabrication, and construction of full-depth, precast- concrete bridge deck panel systems. Developed durable and rapidly constructed connections between panels

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NCHRP P ROJECT 12-69: D ESIGN AND C ONSTRUCTION G UIDELINES FOR L ONG -S PAN D ECKED P RECAST, P RESTRESSED C ONCRETE G IRDER B RIDGES Provides guidelines for the design and construction of decked precast, prestressed concrete girder bridges

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PCSSS Precast Inverted-T Cross Section NCHRP Web-Only Document 173: Cast-in- Place Concrete Connections for Precast Deck Systems

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A Typical DBT Bridge Connected by Longitudinal Joints with Welded Steel Connectors NCHRP Web-Only Document 173: Cast-in- Place Concrete Connections for Precast Deck Systems

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Longitudinal Joint Specimen Before and After Grouting NCHRP Web-Only Document 173: Cast-in- Place Concrete Connections for Precast Deck Systems

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NCHRP R EPORT 681: D EVELOPMENT OF P RECAST B ENT C AP S YSTEMS FOR S EISMIC R EGIONS Series of recommended updates to the: AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Guide Specification for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications In addition to: Design Flow Charts and Design Examples Example Connection Details

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N ON -I NTEGRAL, E MULATIVE : G ROUTED D UCT NCHRP R EPORT 681: D EVELOPMENT OF P RECAST B ENT C AP S YSTEMS FOR S EISMIC R EGIONS

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N ON -I NTEGRAL, E MULATIVE : C AP P OCKET F ULL D UCTILITY NCHRP R EPORT 681: D EVELOPMENT OF P RECAST B ENT C AP S YSTEMS FOR S EISMIC R EGIONS

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N ON -I NTEGRAL, H YBRID : S TEEL S HELL NCHRP R EPORT 681: D EVELOPMENT OF P RECAST B ENT C AP S YSTEMS FOR S EISMIC R EGIONS

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N ON -I NTEGRAL, H YBRID : D UAL S TEEL S HELL NCHRP R EPORT 681: D EVELOPMENT OF P RECAST B ENT C AP S YSTEMS FOR S EISMIC R EGIONS

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NCHRP R EPORT 698: S YNTHESIS ON S YSTEM P ERFORMANCE OF ABC C ONNECTIONS IN M ODERATE - TO -H IGH S EISMIC R EGIONS Detailed Evaluation of Connection Types: Bar Coupler Connections Grouted Duct Connections Pocket Connections Member Socket Connections Hybrid Connections Integral Connections Emerging Technology and Deformable Element Connections

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NCHRP FY 2013 R ESEARCH P ROJECTS R ELATED TO ABC NCHRP Project 12-96: Simplified Full- Depth Precast Concrete Deck Panel Systems NCHRP Project 12-95: Design Guidelines for Connection Details of Adjacent Precast Concrete Box Beam Bridges

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NCHRP FY 2014 S UBMITTED P ROBLEM S TATEMENT RELATED TO ABC Problem statement C-09: Guidelines for Tolerances for Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems Problem statement C-10: Guidelines for Calculating Dynamic Effects in Large-Scale Bridge Moves Problem statement C-22: Development of an Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Design and Construction Guide Specification

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ABC R ESEARCH ABC R ESEARCH N EEDS More validated options for connection details, especially in high seismic regions Acceptance criteria for grouted sleeve connectors Fatigue tests to ensure durability of cast- in-place deck joints Crash testing of prefabricated barriers

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