Abassid Caliphate
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Transcript of Abassid Caliphate
Political System
Al Muti was the 23rd caliph of the Abbasid caliphate he ruled from 946 to 974
Came after the Buwahids came to Baghdad in 945, he came from his retirement and established himself as the new caliph
He was not given the power to appoint the wazirsby the Buwayid emirs
His greatest challenge was the Buwayhid sultan Mu’izzAl Dawla
Political System
• At Tai was the 24th caliph of the Abbasid caliphate
• He reigned from year 974 to 991
• The dominion of the Abbasid shrunk
• He was deposed by Baha al Dawla, emir of the Buwahid
Al Qadir Held office from 991 to 1031
25 caliph of the Abbasid and son of
the predecessor
Al Qaim became the 26 caliph of the
Abbasid caliphate
He was a weak ruler and during his reign,
Baghdad had so much turmoil
Abbasid caliphs retained little more
than moral and spiritual influence as
the heads of Orthodox Sunni Islam.
Academia and Sciences
Ibn Sina regarded as the father of modern medicine
Known as Avicenna in the west
Wrote the Canon of Medicine in 1025, (an encyclopedia describing diseases and treatments that were far ahead of any medical work done in Europe.)
Academia and Sciences
He contributed in other fields such as geology, astronomy and mathematics, physics, chemistry, meteorology and other related fields
Another Latin edition of IbnSina's Canon of Medicine printedat Rome in 1593.
Academia and Sciences
1000 CE, 390 A.H Al-Haytham discovers that white light consists of various rays of colored light.
Al Hazen who made significant contribution to the principles optic.
Al Biruni a great scholar well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy and natural sciences, he was also a historian and a linguist.
Academia and Sciences
Abu Al-Qasim known as the father of surgery
He invented several devices used during surgery
He is also credited to be the first to describe ectopic pregnancy in 963, in those days a fatal affliction.
Completion of the mosque of Cordoba.
There was an increase of Shia observance
Struggle against Shias
Declaration of the Baghdad manifesto to fight against Shias
in 1029 , Al-Risala al-Qadiriyya was published by the caliph al-Qadir criticizing the Mu’tazila and Shi’te theology
Theology
Economy
Situated between three continents, the caliphate enjoyed enormous trade with china, west Europe and central Africa.
Non Muslims merchants and craftsmen were allowed to reside within the caliphate and carry on trade with their home countries, which facilitated further long distance trade.
They traded with spices, minerals and dyes from India
Economy
Gems and fabrics from Central Asia
Honey and wax from Scandivinia
Ivory and dust from Africa
In the slave markets, Muslim traders bought and sold Mongolians, Scandivians, Central Asia and Africa.
They had a banking system and joint stock, and checks drawn on one bank could be cashed somewhere else in the empire.
Trade began diverting to Egypt
Fatimid Caliphate
An Ismaili leader, Ubaydulla, conquers in 909 a stretch of north Africa, a Dynasty founded known as the Fatimid.
In 969, a Fatimid army conquers Egypt, which now becomes the center of a kingdom, the north Africa coast.
. Fatimid founded the city of Al-Qahiratu "the Victorious" in 969 as the new capital of the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt.
Following a year, in 970 the Fatimid established in Cairo the UNIVERSITY OF MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR, which has remained ever since a Centre of Islamic learning.
The Fatimid Caliphate grew to include Sicily and to stretch across North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean
Seljuk Dynasty
1
• The Seljuk Dynasty was an Islamic empire which occupied central Asia and the middle east between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. Based in Isfahan, the Seljuk also had capitals at Merv, Nishapur, and Rayy.
2• The empire stretched throughout most of the middle east until it was
splintered by attacks from the Mongol hordes in the 14th century.
Seljuk Dynasty
During the 10th century, due to various events, the Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities.
They were Turkish Sunni Muslims that gradually adopted Persian culture.
They came to power following the collapse of the Abbasid dynasty when the Fatimid dynasty in Cairo and other ruling families in Spain and North Africa had already established separate ruling dynasties
Their leader, Tugrul Bey, forced the Abbasid caliph to name him sultan
Seljuk Dynasty
Even though the Abbasid was ruled by the caliph, the Seljuk had a lot of influence
in practice
Abbasid caliphs had moral and spiritual influence as the heads of Orthodox Sunni Islam and little
political activities
Converts to Sunni Islam,
the Seljuk based their
authority on their military
prowess. The Seljuk leader
Tughril (d. 1063) crossed
into Iran by 1043 and in
1055 entered Baghdad as
the new ruling sultan.
Byzantine Empire
It was located on the European side of the Bosporus (the strait linking the Black Sea to the Mediterranean), the site of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and trade point between Europe and Asia Minor
It’s capital city is the modern-day Istanbul, originally founded as Byzantium.
the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and specially military force in Europe
the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and specially military force in Europe.
The Byzantine Empire, which lasted 1,100 years, is the reason why Greece exists today
It is also the reason that we have so many well preserved texts from ancient times, and it is the arguably reason why the West experienced the Renaissance
Byzantine Empire
Other Parts Of The World
Umayyad Abd al-Rahman III al-Nasr in Spain proclaims himself Caliph 969
After the year 1000, Christian forces began reconquering the Iberian peninsula (Hispania) and Sicily
Abbasid political unity weakened and independent or semi-autonomous local dynasties were established in Egypt, Iran, and other parts of the realm.
References
"Abassid". Encyclopedia Britannica . Cambridge University Press.
The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization;
American Heritage (2011). Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Copyright © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin H Harcourt Publishing Company.
The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization; retrieved February 24 2015.
Weebly (2015). Islamic Civilization: Abbasid Caliphate (750- mid 13th century); retrieved February 24 2015. http://islamiccivilizationtimeline.weebly.com/abbasid-caliphate.html