Ab0401 sustainable enterprises co2 australia

Koh Jiajin Joel Varella Gino Lee Leo Bing Yeow Ru Meng Lim Ding Qiang Melvin

AB 0401 Sustainable Enterprise

CO2 Australia

Changing our World: do we plant trees or create online courses?

Estimated Carbon Footprint

Stakeholder Analysis

Alternative 1: Virtual Sustainable Campus

Alternative 2: Carbon Credit

Alternative 3: Campus wide Master Planning

Conclusion

Executive Summary

Agenda

Scope Source Co2 Emissions (kg CO2)

1 Campus-generated electricity -

Transport within campus 2,155.40

2 Electricity 25,484,680

Heat/Air-conditioning 18,723,120

3 Faculty commuting 2,697,869

Student commuting 6,343,091

Travel 488,024

Paper consumption 145,004

Waste 175,101

Total 54,059,044.65

Students 33,500

Employees 4,257

Total per student (kg) 1,400.00

Total per employee (kg) 1,800.00

Estimated Carbon Footprint

4

• NTU• Staff• Students• Government• Environmentalists• General Public• Provider (Carbon

Credit)

Stakeholders Concerns

Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis

• Reduce administration cost• Reduce carbon footprint• Nurture/provide best education to students• Remain profitable• Maintain good reputation• Provide conducive learning and working environment• Be in line with government’s objectives• Good corporate social responsibility

5


Credit)



• Nurture students• Be in line with school and government’s objectives

(environmental sustainability and providing education)• Help students obtain good grades• Good working condition• Promotions• Good Pay

6


Credit)



• Convenience• High standard of education• Low cost of education• Conducive studying environment

7


Credit)



• The Ministry of Education aims to help our students to discover their own talents, to make the best of these talents and realise their full potential, and to develop a passion for learning that lasts through life.

• Sustainability initiatives• Good reputation as a sustainable city• Meet the standards of low carbon emission

8


Credit)



• Good corporate social responsibility• Reduce carbon footprint• Ensure sustainability of the environment

9


Credit)



• Sustainable environment for healthy living


Credit)



• Contribute to environmental sustainability• Increase client base• Remain profitable

10

Overview of the Alternatives

Virtual Sustainable Campus Carbon Credits Campus Wide Master Planning

Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus


A study by the Open University, “Towards Sustainable Higher Education: Environmental Impacts of Campus-Based and Distance Higher Education Systems”

“The average production and provision of distance learning courses consumed nearly 90 percent less energy and produced 85 percent fewer CO2 emissions per student than conventional campus-based university courses. “


High CO2 Emission

Home based E-learning lessons

Through social media or other online platforms

Home based E-learning lessons

↓ CO2 Emissions

89% ↓ in travel related CO2 emissions from vehicle use etc.

↓ the need to commute to campus, print of papers and electricity


High usage of resources

Screen Display

Courses are entirely self-contained and can be clearly and dynamically

displayed on a screen

Screen Display

↓ Resource usage

↓ deforestation, save the trees

↓ Printing

↓ Paper Waste


High energy usage and consumption

Campus Site Impacts

Campus Site Impacts

↓Facility Rental/Maintenance

↓ energy consumption from 81 kg for a full time to student to 2 kg for a blended online and print-based course

↑ utilisation of campus facilities to achieve Economies of scale which will give online education the edge by spreading campus impacts

Modelling

The School of Computer Engineering had applied computer and information technology to reduce carbon emissions by replacing carbon-intensive activities with virtual tools. The Climate Group predicts that by 2020, the internet's footprint will have tripled to 1.43bn tonnes of carbon emitted per year. However, information technology - such as smart logistics, energy-aware buildings and more efficient energy grids - could reduce emissions by 15% overall.

↓ Energy Usage and Consumption


High energy usage and consumption

Campus Site Impacts

Students’ Housing Impacts

↓ energy consumption from 102kg to 4.4 kg

Reduce “double energy consumption” effect

Students’ Housing Impacts↓ Energy Usage and

Consumption


Netigate energy saving

Increase computing usage

Increase computing usage

Electricity is needed for a laptop and/or desktop PC

I.e. 0.125 kwh per hour, 24 kg of CO2 per student

↑ Electricity usage to run server farmsPC contains toxic materials such as lead, cadmium, and PCB’s that pose serious health and environmental hazards.

↑ Energy Usage and Consumption

In the short run, it will also be expensive to switch to using IT tools and setting up the infrastructure needed


CO2 emission levels associated with the increased computer usage are significantly less than those associated with conventional delivery methods

There are strong situational factors such as monetary support from the government and rapid advancement in technology that will support these changes

Virtual SustainableCampus Ease of

ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness


Less favorable

More favorable

• $22 per ton of CO2 emissions

• NTU has 54 000 tons of CO2 emissions a year $1.2million worth of carbon credit

• NTU needs to invest a huge amount of money to buy carbon credit and this high costs may be passed on the students

• Questionable quality of environmental impact locally due to methods of generation of carbon credits (ie credits may be generated overseas)

Alternatives 2 Carbon Credits

Carbon Credits Ease of ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

Alternatives 2 Carbon Credits

Less favorable

More favorable

Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning

Green Building LED Light-bulbs

EducationSolid Waste

Management


Green Building Ease of ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

• Highly sustainable environmentally due to the significant reduction in 63500 metric tons of carbon footprint

• Financially viable due to funding and costs savings that will be yield in the long term

Less favorable

More favorable



• Cost premium of more than 2%• Studies have shown over a 20 year life period, some green

buildings have yielded $53 to $71 per square foot back on investment due to higher rental, sale price and occupancy rate

• However, research have shown that cost should not be more if cost and environmental strategies and program management is incorporated from the start

Less favorable

More favorable



• May pose some disruptions to daily operations of the university may be affected

• Funding and incentives offered by the government such as Energy Efficiency Improvement Assistance Scheme (EASe) that can lower costs of upgrading

Less favorable

More favorable



• Energy efficiency through designs that can cool the building and reduce lighting and use of renewable energy.

• Reduction in water usage and ensuring water quality(point of use water treatment). Material efficiency through the use of green materials

• Indoor environmental quality: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality

• Waste Reduction helps to reduce waste matter to landfill• 6 to 40 percent reduction in energy consumption with savings of up to 90

gigawatt hours of energy or S$24 million in costs

Less favorable

More favorable


LED Light-bulbs Ease of ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

• Average life span of 50 000 hours as compared to 8000 of fluorescent light bulbs

Less favorable

More favorable



• Reduces operating cost by 50% per year as compared to fluorescent light bulbs

Less favorable

More favorable



• Easier to implement if starts from small scale.

Less favorable

More favorable



• Saves 20%-30% off electricity costs per unit of light as compared to fluorescent light bulbs

Less favorable

More favorable

Introduce an interdisciplinary sustainability curriculum at NTU to be taken in a full-course format each year by all undergraduates/graduates

12 seminars will be conducted throughout the semester, which will give the students a better understanding of the importance of sustainability

Learn about individual disciplinary resources and possibilities at NTU.


Education


Education Ease of ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

• Sustainable: Curriculum can be implemented long-term if it is effective.

• Cost: cost will be low relative to other alternatives as materials will be readily available at a low cost.

• Ease of implementation: Enough professors to allocate for this course, draft out the course outline, needs school’s approval.

• Effectiveness: as it is a compulsory module for all, it will be effective to a certain extend, however, it depends on the willingness of the students to learn about sustainability.

Less favorable

More favorable

Composting is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment

Components need for composting:

Carbon — for energy; the microbial oxidation of carbon produces the heat, if included at suggested levelsHigh carbon materials tend to be brown and dry.

Nitrogen — to grow and reproduce more organisms to oxidize the carbon.

Oxygen — for oxidizing the carbon, the decomposition process.

Water — in the right amounts to maintain activity without causing anaerobic conditions.


Solid WasteManagement


Solid WasteManagement Ease of

ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

• Sustainability: Composting of organic waste is a long term solution with relative to landfills and continuous incineration.

• Cost: low cost. Separating waste into organic and inorganic will need the purchase of new bins.

• Ease of implementation: Composting facilities will need to be built if composting will be carried out.

• Effectiveness: Composting organic material is a very effective way of reducing the overall environmental impact

Less favorable

More favorable

Virtual Sustainable Campus

Carbon Credits

Campus Wide Master Planning

1

3

2

Ease of ImplementationCostSustainability Effectiveness

Conclusion

Recommend a paradigm shift towards a Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases

5 Years Campus Wide Master Plan

Avoid buying carbon offset credits unless NTU could not meet the standards

In light of our 4 decision criteria, we strongly recommend that NTU adopt both our Master Plan and a paradigm shift towards a Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases so as to achieve our carbon-neutral target - Energy consumption in buildings of 50 kWh/m2/yr*.

Conclusion

In addition, we recommend utilising the triple bottom line (people, profit, planet) to track the effectiveness of our recommendations.

Main Issues: Carbon Dioxide emission is harmful and damaging not just to the environment but to us as well. As an educational institution, NTU must become a sustainable model and spearhead efforts to achieve environmental sustainability on multiple fronts such as reducing carbon dioxide emission and electrical consumption.

Recommendations: This presentation was commissioned to review and compare various alternatives to achieve environmental sustainability. We strongly recommend that NTU adopt both our Master Plan and a paradigm shift towards a Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases so as to achieve our carbon-neutral target - Energy consumption in buildings of 50 kWh/m2/yr*. In addition, we can utilise the triple bottom line (people, profit, planet) to track the effectiveness of our recommendations.

Benefits: 1. Our recommendations addresses the 2 major source of carbon emission - Transport and electrical

consumption2. Our recommendations provides a sustainable platform to Inculcate green values to our current and newer

generations3. In the long run, by emphasizing on the need to preserve our planet, our recommendations will also help to

create a more inclusive and people oriented society

Executive Summary

Ab0401 sustainable enterprises co2 australia

Technology

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