Ab-initio molecular dynamics for high pressure Hydrogen

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RVB phase of hydrogen at high pressure towards the first ab-initio Molecular Dynamics by Quantum Monte Carlo Claudio Attaccalite

description

Ab-initio molecular dynamics for high pressure Hydrogen by means of Quantum Monte Carlo

Transcript of Ab-initio molecular dynamics for high pressure Hydrogen

Page 1: Ab-initio molecular dynamics for high pressure Hydrogen

RVB phase of hydrogen at high pressure towards the first ab-initio

Molecular Dynamics by Quantum Monte Carlo

Claudio Attaccalite

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The electronic structure problem

P.A.M. Dirac:The fundamental laws necessary for the mathematical treatment of a large part of physics and the whole of chemistry are thus completely known, and the difficulty lies only in the fact that application of these laws leads to equations that are too complex to be solved. 

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Why QMC?

Accuracy

Simple empirical potentialsSimple empirical potentials­ Force fields, pair potentials…

Intermediate methodsIntermediate methods­ Tight­binding,­ many­body potentials: EAM

ab­initioab­initio techniques techniques­ Hartree­Fock ­ Density functional theory (DFT)

Beyond DFT:Beyond DFT:­ Quantum Monte Carlo­ Quantum Chemical: CI

Acc

urac

y

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Outline• Quantum Monte Carlo• The trial wave­function• Optimization Methods • Results on Molecules• Molecular Dynamics using QMC forces• Results on high pressure hydrogen• New phase in high pressure hydrogen?

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Variational Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo integration is necessary because the wave­function contains explicit particle correlations that

 leads to non­factoring multi­dimension integrals.

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The trial wave­functionThe trial­function completely determines

quality of the approximation for the physical observables

r1, r2,... ,rn=AGP J1 J2 J3

The JAGP wave­function

Pairing  DeterminantPairing  Determinant

3­body Jastrow3­body Jastrow

2­body Jastrow2­body Jastrow1­body Jastrow1­body Jastrow

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The AGP wave­function

where i,j are spin up and down electronsa,b are different atoms l,m different orbitals

The major advantage of the AGP is that it implicitly contains many

Slater determinants but can be evaluate with the cost of single

determinant N/2 x N/2, (where N=number of electrons).

The matrix

has to be symmetric in order to have a spin singlet

a ,bl ,m

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H2 molecule and AGP

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The one­body Jastrow factor

It's difficult satisfy nuclear cusp conditions with the pairing determinant

Nuclear cusp:

where:

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The two­body JastrowAs for the nuclear­cusp

where

In this functional form the cusp condition for anti­parallel spin electrons is satisfied, whereas the one for parallel 

spins is neglected in order to avoid the spin contamination

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The Three­body Jastrow

The three­body Jastrow factor:• describes Van Der Waals forces• suppress superconductivity• describes Mott insulators• keeps charge constant on  atoms or molecules (not fixed by AGP)

The three­body Jastrow factor must:• preserve nuclear and electronic cusp conditions• whenever the atomic distances are large it factorizes into  a product of 

independent contributions located near each atom

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Geminal expansion and orbitals

r =C1e−Z1∣r∣Y l ,m

r =C1e−Z1∣r∣

2

Y l ,m

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Stochastic Reconfiguration 1

In the Stochastic Reconfiguration one adjusts the parameters

of the original trial-function to be closer as much as possible to the projected one.

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Stochastic Reconfiguration 2we require that a set of mixed average correlation functions, 

corresponding to the two wave­functions are equal: 

this is equivalent to

substituting the first equation in the others we obtain

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Stochastic Reconfiguration 3in analogy with the steepest descent

where

at each interaction the wave function parameters  are iteratively updated according  to 

the energy variation for a small change of the parameters  is

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Noise and OptimizationStochastic Reconfiguration is similar to a Langevin 

dynamics in the parameters space.  

Teff

2=⟨

2⟩where and ⟨

2⟩~1/numberof VMCsteps

to reduce statistical fluctuations we averages parameters values after the equilibration 

and increase the number of steps in the VMC simulations

In the limit of infinite bin length the Euler conditions are satisfied exactly

thermal fluctuations

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Resonance in Benzene+

Kekule’

+ +

Dewar Claus­ArmstrongBaeyer

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Forces with finite variancethe bare force

in order to overcome this problem we follow the idea of Assaraf and Caffarel we added another operator with zero expectation value and finite variance 

the simplest choice to cancel the divergence in  the force is:

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Structure Optimization using the stochastic reconfiguration

with

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Li2 bonding length

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Benzene Structure

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Structure optimization results

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Results on molecules 1

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Results on molecules 2

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Simulation of Extended SystemsHamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions

and Ewald 's sums

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Periodic Wave­Function

Periodic  coordinatesPeriodic  coordinatesno need of Ewald's sumno need of Ewald's sum

k=0

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Forces in Periodic Systemszero­variance principle in periodic systems

renormalized force

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Comparison with other results

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Noise in QMC

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Finite Temperature SimulationIt is possible to use the forces noise to produce 

a finite temperature using a Generalized Langevin Equation

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Integration of the Langevin Dynamics

The Impulse integrator (R.D. Skeel, J. A. Izaguirre 2002)

major advantage is stable for large friction

generalization to non diagonal frictiongeneralization to non diagonal friction

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Temperature and Pressure

Pressure

In the Generalized Langevin Dynamics the temperature  can be estimated at posteriori by equality

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SR optimization with Hessian acceleration

Using Hessian matrix information  to accelerate the convergence 

in order to have a stable optimizationthe variation of the WF has to be small

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Time­Step Error 1

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Phase Diagram of Hydrogen

LogT [K]

4

3

2

Electron Proton Plasma

Electron

Proton

Liquid

Molecular

Liquid

Molecular Solid Proton Solid

Clustered liquid

    1          2         3  LogP[GPa]

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High pressure hydrogen

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Comparison with other result

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Proton­proton g(r) in molecular fluid

Rs=2.1 T=4530k

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Proton­proton g(r) in molecular fluid

Rs=1.31 T=3000k

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Condensation Energy

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Off­Diagonal Long Range Ordertwo­body density matrix

ODLRO

projected two­body density matrix

the estimator we used

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Eigenvalues of pair function

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Superconductivity in high pressure hydrogen?

x

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Condensation energy VS Size

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ODLRO for 54 hydrogen atoms at 300K

x

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Conclusions

 A new highly correlated wave­function JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 121 (15): 7110­7126 OCT 15 2004   COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 169 (1­3): 386­393 JUL 1 2005

 A new technique to simulate finite temperature systemsARTILE IN PREPARATION

 Full optimization during the ion dynamics

 RVB phase in High Pressure Hydrogen?(ARTICLE?)

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Future Work(a lot things to do!)

 Reduction of the number of parameters  Comparison with other methods (CEIMC ...)  Improving the wave­function optimization Size effects and TABC Dynamic properties?

GLQ technique:GLQ technique:

Other:Other: Simulation of Molecular Hydrogen QM/MM  with GLQ technique to simulate     

 larger systems (biological)

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Acknowledgement

Sandro Sorella

Michele Casula

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Time­Step Error 2