Aan eararm nepal- 2009

EARARM – AA Nepal

ACTIONAID NEPAL EMERGENCY ALERT, REVIEW AND RESPONSE MECHANISM (EARARM )

[email protected] Theme Leader, Human Security, Emergency and DRR

Background

Nepal is a disaster prone country due her steep terrain, a rugged and fragile geomorphic condition, high peaks and slopes, volatile tectonic processes, variable climatic condition, increasing population, poor economic condition, unplanned settlement, low literacy rate and very rural topography. Disaster like earthquake, floods, landslides, lighting, glaciers lake outburst flood, avalanche, epidemics often occur time to time causing enormous physical damages and human life losses. Nepal ranks 11th in terms of risk from earthquake, and 30th in terms of flood risk according to global report on disaster risk.

Various hazards in Nepal

Nepal’s landscape is predominantly composed of hills and mountains, covering about 83% of the total area of the country. All part of the mountains exposed to landslide during monsoon period. Most parts of middle mountains and terai are exposed to severe flooding. Most of the rivers suffer from erosion. Middle mountain also exposed to debris flow. Floods, landslides and avalanches, which are triggered by heavy precipitation, cause 29% of the total annual death of people and 43% of the total loss of properties from different types of disaster in Nepal. Glacier lakes in Nepal are becoming much larger than in previous times due to global warming. A study conducted by International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) points out that “20 lakes in Nepal are potentially dangerous. The lives of tens of thousands of people who live high in the mountains and in downstream communities could be at severe risk.

All of Nepal is a high-risk earthquake zone. Regions north of Kathmandu as well as in Mid-Western Nepal, is under higher risk of very big earthquake than eastern Nepal. Out of 21 cities around the world that lie in seismic zones, the Nepali capital is at the highest risk of death, destruction, and un-preparedness mostly due to an uncontrolled urban development with a 6.5% annual growth rate and a large number of poor quality of building construction each year. The next big earthquake is expected to cause at least 40,000 deaths, 95,000 injuries and would leave an estimated 600,000-900,000 homeless in Kathmandu. (Ref: http://www.nepaldisaster.org/download/Hazard.pdf.)

Droughts, windstorm, cloudburst, hailstorms, fires, epidemics and lightning are some other types of disasters prominent in Nepal. A wide range of physiological, geological, ecological, meteorological and demographic factors contribute to the vulnerability of the country to disasters. Other major factors contributing to disasters are rapid population growth, slow economic development, high degree of environmental degradation, fragility of the land mass and high elevation of the mountain slopes.

Disasters and Emergencies Engagements of ActionAid Nepal

AA has been working in Nepal since 1982. AAN is the Country Program of AA International. It has been working in 37 districts of Nepal in conjunction with 28 long-term partners and a number of short-term partners in 40 districts of Nepal. In 1996, ActionAid Nepal (AAN) changed its approach from direct service delivery to partnerships with local NGOs through a rights-based approach. AAN's rights-holders are the poorest and the most marginalized, particularly women, children, Dalits, ex-bonded labourers, disaster affected people, conflict victims, urban poor, land tenants, the disabled and people living with HIV/AIDS. AAN works at the grassroots to address the immediate conditions of the poorest and the most marginalized people, as well as at the national level through various advocacy programs in order to influence public policies and practices in favour of its rights-holders. Disaster vulnerability is one of the contributing factors in aggravating and perpetuating poverty in Nepal. Hence, AAN has recognized 'Emergency and Disaster Management' as one of its cross-cutting initiatives. AAN's goal in emergency and disaster management is both preventive and curative. It entails risk reduction by addressing the issue of vulnerability and hazards, increasing capacity of poor, marginalized and the vulnerable groups in collaboration with appropriate institutions to influence the development actors to come out with a regular program to deal with disaster. AAN broadly translates its commitments in emergency and disaster management through Creation of Information Base/MIS, Capacity Building, Building Alliances and Resource Mobilization.

ActionAid has successfully implemented two projects in Nepal under DIPECHO 3rd and 4th Action Plan for South Asia, directly reaching out to more than 125,000 disaster vulnerable people to improve their coping capacity and resilience to disasters, thereby gaining considerable experience in implementing DIPECHO projects in the country. In addition, ActionAid has been involved in promoting DRR through the DRR through Schools projects being implemented in Nepal since 2006 and the core support from the Emergency and Disaster Management Theme according to the Country

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EARARM – AA Nepal

Strategy Paper III of Nepal. ActionAid Nepal has also been responding to numerous major and minor disasters in its operational areas, including the Kosi river flood of 2008, though various supports such as food and non food relief distribution, shelter health and nutrition and shelter.

All the above engagements indicate the increasing focus and commitment of AA Nepal to alleviate the distress of poor and marginalised people facing the brunt of natural and manmade disasters in their daily life. However the experiences and learning from our previous engagements reveals the needs for a better preparedness at the organisational level in order to respond to large scale emergencies swiftly and effectively. The ‘Emergency Alert Review and Response Mechanism (EARARM) is the emergency preparedness tool of ActionAid being used internationally, which guides our emergency preparedness and response operations in the country. EARARM is a live document which will be updated periodically in order to accommodate the dynamic disaster scenarios in the Nepal.

Based on the frequency, impact, scope of intervention and the expertise of ActionAid Nepal flood, earthquake, conflict, drought, landslides and fire disasters have been considered to be included in the National EARARM of Nepal. Other localised disasters would be included in the DI level EARARMS where ever it is an issue of concern.

EMERGENCY ALERT, REVIEW AND RESPONSE MECHANISM –AA NEPAL

Country: Nepal Date: 19.03.2009

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SECTION I Population by Region/Districts (Source: Central Bureau of statistics, National Report 2001) Area Population2001 Number of Number Percent Households Total Male Female Total Nepal 23,151,423 11,563,921 11,587,502 100.00 4,253,220 Eastern Dev. Region 5,344,476 2,670,622 2,673,854 23.08 1,012,968Central Dev. Region 8,031,629 4,109,059 3,922,570 34.69 1,475,477Western Dev. Region 4,571,013 2,198,170 2,372,843 19.74 863,045Mid-western Dev. Region 3,012,975 1,500,526 1,512,449 13.01 534,310Far-western Dev. Region 2,191,330 1,085,544 1,105,786 9.47 367,420 Mountain 1,687,859 837,060 850,799 7.29 319,887Hill 10,251,111 5,016,802 5,234,309 44.28 1,982,753Tarai 11,212,453 5,710,059 5,502,394 48.43 1,950,580 Eastern Mountain 401,587 197,231 204,356 1.73 77,197Central Mountain 554,817 275,330 279,487 2.40 112,313Western Mountain 24,568 13,214 11,354 0.11 5,019Mid-western Mountain 309,084 156,984 152,100 1.34 55,363Far-western Mountain 397,803 194,301 203,502 1.72 69,995Eastern Hill 1,643,246 807,949 835,297 7.10 309,149Central Hill 3,542,732 1,800,082 1,742,650 15.30 692,255Western Hill 2,793,180 1,298,051 1,495,129 12.06 568,898Mid-western Hill 1,473,022 723,698 749,324 6.36 269,614Far-western Hill 798,931 387,022 411,909 3.45 142,837Eastern Tarai 3,299,643 1,665,442 1,634,201 14.25 626,622Central Tarai 3,934,080 2,033,647 1,900,433 16.99 670,909Western Tarai 1,753,265 886,905 866,360 7.57 289,128Mid-western Tarai 1,230,869 619,844 611,025 5.32 209,333Far-western Tarai 994,596 504,221 490,375 4.30 154,588 Eastern Mountain 401,587 197,231 204,356 1.73 77,197Taplejung 134,698 66,205 68,493 0.58 24,764Sankhuwasabha 159,203 77,853 81,350 0.69 30,766Solukhumbu 107,686 53,173 54,513 0.47 21,667Eastern Hill 1,643,246 807,949 835,297 7.10 309,149Panchthar 202,056 99,042 103,014 0.87 37,260Ilam 282,806 142,434 140,372 1.22 54,565Dhankuta 166,479 81,841 84,638 0.72 32,571Terhathum 113,111 54,932 58,179 0.49 20,682Bhojpur 203,018 97,762 105,256 0.88 39,481Okhaldhunga 156,702 75,361 81,341 0.68 30,121Khotang 231,385 112,821 118,564 1.00 42,866Udayapur 287,689 143,756 143,933 1.24 51,603Eastern Tarai 3,299,643 1,665,442 1,634,201 14.25 626,622Jhapa* 688,109 341,675 346,434 2.97 137,301Morang 843,220 422,895 420,325 3.64 167,875Sunsari 625,633 315,530 310,103 2.70 120,295Saptari 570,282 291,409 278,873 2.46 101,141Siraha* 572,399 293,933 278,466 2.47 100,010Central Mountain 554,817 275,330 279,487 2.40 112,313Dolakha* 204,229 99,963 104,266 0.88 43,165Sindhupalchok* 305,857 152,012 153,845 1.32 60,452Rasuwa 44,731 23,355 21,376 0.19 8,696Central Hill 3,542,732 1,800,082 1,742,650 15.30 692,255Sindhuli* 279,821 139,280 140,541 1.21 48,758Ramechhap 212,408 100,853 111,555 0.92 40,386Kavrepalanchok 385,672 188,947 196,725 1.67 70,509Lalitpur 337,785 172,455 165,330 1.46 68,922Bhaktapur 225,461 114,798 110,663 0.97 41,253Kathmandu 1,081,845 576,010 505,835 4.67 235,387Nuwakot 288,478 142,731 145,747 1.25 53,169

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Dhading 338,658 165,864 172,794 1.46 62,759Central Tarai 3,934,080 2,033,647 1,900,433 16.99 670,909Dhanusa 671,364 349,422 321,942 2.90 117,417Mahottari 553,481 287,905 265,576 2.39 94,229Sarlahi 635,701 329,182 306,519 2.75 111,076Rautahat 545,132 282,246 262,886 2.35 88,162Bara 559,135 289,397 269,738 2.42 87,706Parsa 497,219 260,411 236,808 2.15 79,456Chitawan 472,048 235,084 236,964 2.04 92,863Western Mountain 24,568 13,214 11,354 0.11 5,019Manang 9,587 5,034 4,553 0.04 1,776Mustang 14,981 8,180 6,801 0.06 3,243Western Hill 2,793,180 1,298,051 1,495,129 12.06 568,898Gorkha 288,134 134,407 153,727 1.24 58,923Lamjung 177,149 83,406 93,743 0.77 36,525Tanahu 315,237 146,788 168,449 1.36 62,898Syangja 317,320 143,619 173,701 1.37 64,746Kaski 380,527 184,995 195,532 1.64 85,075Myagdi 114,447 53,178 61,269 0.49 24,435Parbat 157,826 72,942 84,884 0.68 32,731Baglung 268,937 123,528 145,409 1.16 53,565Gulmi 296,654 133,771 162,883 1.28 59,189Palpa 268,558 125,068 143,490 1.16 49,942Arghakhanchi 208,391 96,349 112,042 0.90 40,869WesternTarai 1,753,265 886,905 866,360 7.57 289,128Nawalparasi 562,870 278,257 284,613 2.43 98,340Rupandehi 708,419 360,773 347,646 3.06 117,856Kapilbastu 481,976 247,875 234,101 2.08 72,932Mid-western Mountain 309,084 156,984 152,100 1.34 55,363Dolpa* 29,545 14,735 14,810 0.13 5,812Jumla* 89,427 45,848 43,579 0.39 15,850Kalikot* 105,580 53,189 52,391 0.46 18,487Mugu* 43,937 22,250 21,687 0.19 8,261Humla 40,595 20,962 19,633 0.18 6,953Mid-western Hill 1,473,022 723,698 749,324 6.36 269,614Pyuthan 212,484 98,390 114,094 0.92 40,183Rolpa 210,004 101,592 108,412 0.91 38,512Rukum 188,438 95,432 93,006 0.81 33,501Salyan* 213,500 106,834 106,666 0.92 38,084Surkhet* 288,527 142,817 145,710 1.25 54,047Dailekh 225,201 110,125 115,076 0.97 41,140Jajarkot 134,868 68,508 66,360 0.58 24,147Mid-western Tarai 1,230,869 619,844 611,025 5.32 209,333Dang 462,380 228,958 233,422 2.00 82,495Banke 385,840 198,231 187,609 1.67 67,269Bardiya 382,649 192,655 189,994 1.65 59,569Far-western Mountain 397,803 194,301 203,502 1.72 69,995Bajura* 108,781 53,834 54,947 0.47 20,378Bajhang 167,026 80,676 86,350 0.72 28,588Darchula 121,996 59,791 62,205 0.53 21,029Far-western Hill 798,931 387,022 411,909 3.45 142,837Achham 231,285 108,998 122,287 1.00 44,005Doti 207,066 103,521 103,545 0.89 36,465Dadeldhura 126,162 60,965 65,197 0.54 21,980Baitadi 234,418 113,538 120,880 1.01 40,387Far-western Tarai 994,596 504,221 490,375 4.30 154,588Kailali 616,697 312,311 304,386 2.66 94,430Kanchanpur 377,899 191,910 185,989 1.63 60,158 SECTION II : HAZARDS PROFILE

Hazards Flood/Flash floods

Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire

Geographical regions hit

Mid HillsInner TeraiSouthern TeraiFollowing

Kathmandu valley hills

Plane of Terai, Bhabhar Pradesh

Western Nepal High Hill Terai

Central hills Terai and Bhabar,

The Siwaliks

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districts are more vulnerableAchham Arghakhanchi Bajhang Bajura Dadeldhura Dang Darchula Dhankuta Dolpa Doti Humla Ilam Jhapa Jumla Kaski Kailali Kanchanpur Kapilbastu Kathmandu Kavrepalanchok Khotang Lamjung Mahottari Makawanpur Morang Mustang Myagdi Nuwakot Okhaldhunga Panchthar Parbat Parsa Pyuthan Ramechhap Rautahat Rolpa Salyan Sankhuwasabha Saptari Sarlahi Sindhuli Sindhupalchok Solukhumbu Sunsari Taplejung Terathum Udayapur

Pahade/Tharu

Vs Madhesi Hindu

Muslim

Armed rebelfor free Madhesh Movement

or the inner Terai,

the Middle Mountains,

The High Mountains regions.

Months of occurrence*

July- September No specific time Ongoing March-July July -September

February-Mid June

Warning time between start of hazard and impact

2-3 days(For flash floods 12-24 hours)

No early warning time

Unanticipated

2-3 months 2-3 days

Early Warning Information

Formal sources

Meteorological department,

No sources. Estimation by

Situation Reports of

Agriculture Departmen

Meteorological

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DWIP, MOHA, DPNet, District Disaster Centres/Networks

JICA/MOHA/NSET and USAID for Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Mapping Project

UNOCHA, Media,

t. FAO, DPNet

department, DWIP, MOHA, DPNet, District Disaster Centres/Networks

Community indicators to be monitored

Monsoon guessObservation of dam/barragesInundation of fields, roads, etc;

water levels in local streams and lands

any migration

-Displacement

Restriction on mobility

‘Movement of cadres’‘movement of army/security forces’

‘security incidents’

Hartals

Public appeals

Failure of crops,

shortage of fodder for animals,

absence of rainfall since about six months,

dried up streams,

lack of drinking water in water taps

Continuous rainfall,

heavy snowfall,

closure of roads due to minor landslides

Other sources

Occasional reports and flash reports by different agenciesCBOsNGOsMedia

News group, Web blogs, DFID/GTZ, RMOPolice



SECTION III: AAN POLICY, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROFILE

HazardsFlood/

Flash floods Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire

Policy Work

CurrentFuture Possible

Engage with GoN for ensuring the implementation of National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management





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Facilitate a community consultative process to review the draft disaster management Act and Disaster Management Policy to incorporate community views.

Join with other stakeholders in influencing the government for the enactment of the Disaster Management Act Disaster Management Policy which was drafted in 2007



Advocate for the strict enactment for building codes







Community Preparedness and Resilience Building Work

Current Immediate relief support to people affected by various natural and manmade disasters.

Initiated disaster safety net campaign in Nepal, in collaboration with local NGOs and other stakeholders, to address the issues of vulnerability and hazards of the poor, excluded and vulnerable groups.

Introduced

School safety programs in selected public schools with the support of NSET to make schools safer against earthquakes.


Immediate relief support to people affected by various natural and manmade disasters.


Introduced



Introduced



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DRR through school program as an innovative initiative for community resilience.

With the support of DIPECHO successfully implemented community resilience building programs in 3 phases. Through these programs communities are better prepared for disaster events and the capacity has been built to mitigate the impacts of disasters.

Successfully working towards incorporating disaster education in school curriculum.

Training community in first aid, disaster risk management, search and rescue to effectively respond to disasters and reducing the impact.

Introduced DRR through school program as an innovative initiative for community resilience.



Training community in first aid, disaster risk management, search and rescue to effectively respond to disasters and reducing the impact. Earthquake preparedness plans are prepared for some communities.




Training community in first aid, disaster risk management, search and rescue to effectively respond to disasters and reducing the impact









Future Possible

Improve community

Improve community

Conduct participatory

Facilitate Participatory

Improve community

Improve community

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awareness on hazards and vulnerability and support for better preparedness and risk perception through various programs.

Facilitate Participatory Vulnerability Analysis for community analysis of the vulnerabilities and addressing the root cause of vulnerabilities.

Identify and strengthen locally accessible community based early warning systems to reduce the loss due to floods.

Set up village funds for supporting poor families during disasters

Support for setting up community managed seed banks and grain banks

Encourage good land use practices

Invest on small scale structural mitigation infrastructures at the


Train local masons and carpenters in earth quake resistant house/building constructions

Retrofitting the schools to resist earth quakes

Develop community based disaster preparedness plans

Create a cadre of search and rescue volunteers in each villages

Promote community based DRR activities and mitigation measures

vulnerability Analysis ( PVA)which would build the community capacity to analyze and address conflicts.

More engagements to strengthen the traditional conflict resolution mechanisms

Capacity building on conflict resolution for various stakeholders

Improving the participation of youth in the conflict mitigation.

Peace building activities which brings together different religious groups to increase the coexistence

Vulnerability Analysis for community analysis of the vulnerabilities and addressing the root cause of vulnerabilities.

Improve community awareness on hazards and vulnerability and support for better preparedness and risk perception through various programs.

Initiating and strengthening the community based early warning systems

Work towards improving the food security of poor families through livelihood supports. Promote diversification of livelihoods as a means to increase the resilience of communities towards crop failures due to droughts

Support for setting up community managed seed banks and grain banks

Promote rainwater harvesting


Increase the capacity of the community to analyze their vulnerabilities and in managing the disasters through PVA and other participatory tools

Conducting PVA to build the capacity of community in identifying and addressing the cause of vulnerably at different levels.

Initiating and strengthening the community based early warning systems

Encourage diversification of livelihood sources as a strategy for increasing community’s resilience to disasters

Support the community grain bank system for better resilience

Preserving forest and

awareness and sensitization programs on the causes and management of fire disasters

Build the capacity of community through training and formation of local cadres of firefighting volunteers.

Promote sustainable land use practices which reduces the fire disasters

Encourage community forestry projects for improved community participation in forest fire fighting

Promoting increased vegetation through tree plantations

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communities

Work towards improving the food security of poor families through livelihood supports. Promote diversification of livelihoods as a means to increase the resilience of communities towards crop failures due to floods

Construction of disaster shelters with basic facilities to be used in time of displacement due to floods.

Create a cadre of search and rescue volunteers in each villages

Increase awareness on general health and hygiene practices and malnutrition of children through training programs and awareness campaigns.

practices in the communities

promote drought resistant varieties of seeds in the vulnerable communities

Support for small scale irrigation infrastructures.

Introducing improved farming techniques and inputs which would reduce the vulnerability of farmers to disasters

afforestation activities

Hazards Flood/Flash floods Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire

Geographical Areas AAN will cover In Emergency Response

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Minor crisis In current DA area

In current DA area

In current DA area

In current DA area

In current DA area

In current DA area

Medium crisis

In the districts where AAN has presence






National crisis

Anywhere in the country (as decided by the management) in coordination with other agencies






Average Number of People to be Assisted in Emergency Response

Minor crisis

Medium crisisNational crisis

Sectors AAN will cover in Emergency Response

Flood/Flash floods


Minor crisisFoodNon food reliefNutrition

FoodNon Food reliefHealthNutritionShelter

FoodNon food reliefPsycho social care

FoodNutrition

FoodNutrition

Food reliefNon Food Relief

Medium crisis

FoodNutritionHealthWaterSanitationDRRCapacity building

Food Nutrition Non foodHealthWater & SanitationShelterLivelihoodPsycho social careDRRCapacity building

FoodNon Food NutritionHealthPsycho social careLivelihoodCRRCapacity building

FoodNutritionHealthWaterLivelihoodDRRCapacity building

FoodNutritionHealthSanitationLivelihoodDRRCapacity building

Food reliefNon Food ReliefLivelihood support DRR Capacity Building

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National crisis

FoodNon FoodNutritionHealthWaterSanitationPsycho social careLivelihoodDRRCapacity building

FoodNutritionNon FoodHealthWaterSanitationPsycho social careLivelihoodDRRCapacity building

FoodNon FoodNutritionHealthPsycho social careProtectionLivelihoodCRRCapacity building

FoodNutritionHealthWaterLivelihoodDRRCapacity building

FoodNutritionHealthSanitationLivelihoodPsycho Social CareDRRCapacity building

Food reliefNon Food ReliefLivelihood support DRR Capacity Building

Indicative BudgetsMinor crisis

Medium crisisNational crisisAmount DA/CP allocated for human securities for 2009 is …………£

In a medium level disaster IECT may contribute additional £ 40,000 and £100,000 to be mobilized from other donors

In a major level disaster IECT may contribute additional £ 40,000 and £200,000 to be mobilized from other donors

SECTORAL DETAILS – POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES/SECTOR

Flood/Flash floods


Possible activities/sector

Need Assessment

Quick assessment to assess the immediate needs in the aftermath of flood and subsequent comprehensive assessment for effective interventions

AA Imperatives

Food ReliefProviding food supplies to the most needy and vulnerable families, with special focus on vulnerable groups like children,

Search and rescue

Search and rescue people at risk

Need Assessment

Quick assessment to assess the immediate needs in the aftermath of earthquake and subsequent comprehensive assessment for effective interventions

Need Assessment

Quick assessment to understand the immediate needs during aftermath of conflict and subsequent comprehensive assessment for effective interventions

AA Imperatives

Food ReliefProviding food supplies to

Need Assessment

Assess the needs of people who are affected by drought

AA Imperatives

Water Provide drinking water for needy families.

AA Priorities

LivelihoodProviding support for restoration of livelihood

Search and rescue

Mobilise local resources for search and rescue operations.

Need Assessment

Quick and rough assessment to assess the immediate needs in the aftermath of landslide/mountain slip and subsequent comprehensive assessment for effective interventions

AA Imperatives

Need Assessment

Comprehensive need assessment to inform on the needs of intervention

AA Imperatives

Food ReliefProviding food supplies to the most needy and vulnerable families, with special focus on vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, disabled elders and PLHAAA Priorities

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pregnant women, disabled elders and PLHA

Non Food reliefProvide non food relief such as blankets, house hold utensils, sanitary kit for women etc. With special priority to pregnant women, elders and other vulnerable groups

Health

Treatment support for water borne diseases like cholera, diarrhoea and skin diseases, provision of ORS, organising health camps

Water Providing clean drinking water/water purification tablets

AA Priorities

ShelterProvide support for temporary shelters and reconstruction of collapsed houses

Educational SupportProvision school supplies and jackets to the needy children, teaching –learning aid to affected schools

AA Imperatives

Food ReliefProviding food supplies to the most needy and vulnerable families, with special focus on vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, disabled elders and PLHA


HealthTreatment support for injured people and disabled Water Drinking water/ Water purifying tablets for needy families in the relief camps.

AA Priorities

the most needy and vulnerable families, with special focus on vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, disabled elders and PLHA


Health

Treatment support for injured people

AA PrioritiesShelter Provide financial assistance to repair/ rebuild the destroyed houses of poor families

Educational SupportProvision school supplies and organising catch up classes for

Promote and support rainwater harvesting projects

AA constants

Using PVA to facilitate community action on preparedness

Capacity Building

Building the capacity of local community in dealing with droughts mainly through rain water harvesting techniques

Early Warning

Strengthening local capacities in the development and operation of community based early warning systems.

Disaster Preparedness/Risk Reduction

Using PVA as a tool to facilitate community action on preparedness,

Establishing grain bank

Food ReliefProviding food supplies to the most needy and vulnerable families, with special focus on vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, disabled, elders and PLHA


Health

Treatment support for injured people

Water Providing clean drinking water to needy families

AA Priorities

ShelterProvide support for reconstruction of collapsed houses

Psycho Social Care

Providing psycho social care to the affected people

LivelihoodProviding support for restoration of livelihood ( seed support,

Livelihood

Providing livelihood support to whose livelihoods are destroyed in fire

Psycho Social CareProviding psycho social care to the affected families

AA constants

Capacity BuildingEstablishing and training to Disaster Management Committees

Early WarningStrengthening local capacities in the development and operation of early warning systems.

Disaster Preparedness/Risk ReductionUsing PVA and REFLECT as a tool to facilitate community action on preparedness, risk reduction and advocacy.

Promoting increased vegetation through tree plantations

Improve community awareness and sensitization programs on the causes and management of fire disasters

Build the

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etc.)

Psycho Social Care

Providing psycho social care to the affected communities


Providing support to women in starting supplementary income generating activities

AA constants

Using PVA to facilitate community action on preparedness, risk reduction and advocacy.

Capacity Building

Building the capacity of local community in dealing with disasters and aid distribution benefiting the most vulnerable in the community

Early Warning

Strengthening local capacities in the development and operation of community based early warning systems.

ShelterOrganising temporary sheltersProvide support for reconstruction of collapsed houses

Educational Support

Providing educational supply to the poor children and organising transitional educational facilities if required.

Psycho Social Care




AA constants


children where formal education system is paralysed.

Psycho Social Care


LivelihoodProviding support for alternate livelihoods whose, regular livelihood activities are affected.

Protection

Protection of women and Children in the camps and communities.

Conflict Mitigation

Partner with local civil society groups in promoting non violent means

AA Constants

Conflict Risk Reduction

Conflict sensitive programming

Activities for

and seed banks in villages

Promote rain water harvesting in the communities

Support small irrigation infrastructures.

Advocacy

Advocate with government for proper compensation packages and increased efforts on drought mitigation

restocking livestock, petty trades etc)


AA constants


Capacity Building


Early Warning

Strengthening local capacities in the development and operation of community based early warning systems primarily on debris flow.


Using PVA as a tool to facilitate community action on preparedness, risk reduction and advocacy. Strengthening/

capacity of community through training and formation of local cadres of firefighting volunteers.

Promote sustainable land use practices which reduces the fire disasters

Implement community forestry projects for improved community participation in forest fire fighting

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Using PVA as a tool to facilitate community action on preparedness, risk reduction and advocacy.

Establishing/strengthening seed banks in villages

Setting up village funds for emergency supports.

Discourage people from settling in flood plane

Encourage diversification of livelihood sources as a strategy for increasing community’s resilience to disasters

Promote good land use practices

Engage in small scale structural mitigation works

Advocacy

Advocate with government for River improvement works, floodway, flood retarding basin

Work towards a better land use management system at the vulnerable communities

Capacity Building


Improving the capacity of government institution in preparing and responding to future disasters.


Using PVA as a tool to facilitate community action on preparedness, risk reduction and advocacy. Facilitating creation of local committees for community-level disaster response

Increase the awareness among the community about good practices of earthquake

youth, students and women involvement in conflict resolution

Building the local capacity in conflict management and peace building

Advocacy and Alliance building

Advocacy for women’s increased access to justice.

Programs aiming at just and Democratic governance, where increased participation of women in decision making dialogues.

Co-ordination with other intervening agencies

Integration of Conflict Risk Reduction in development work

Establishing grain bank and seed banks in villages

Advocacy

Influencing the government to invest on preparedness and prevention

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Advocate for better disaster management policies and practices in place.

Organize PVA s to develop community based disaster plan

Profile the experience and use it as a tool for convincing the government and other agencies about the importance of communities’ participation in disaster management.

proof house/building constructions

Support for small scale structural mitigations such as retrofitting the school.

Advocacy

Advocate for timely relief and recovery assistance from government

Advocate for good governance in disaster relief interventions

Advocate for appropriate legislations to Insist on earth proof resistant buildings

Project Design

I. ApproachAAN believes that poor people have the right to protection, to human security and to access assistance to survive and recover from disasters. Based on this belief, AAN will work towards building capacities to ensure a more strategic and rapid response to disasters- before, during and after they occur. Intervention would follow a rights based approach and would aim at building the capacity of the community in dealing with the disasters affecting their life. Community participation, Transparency and Downward accountability would be key principles in the program interventions. Downward accountability would be ensured through transparency boards, community reviews, PRRPs, social audits and other accountability processes. Rights and needs of women and vulnerable groups would guide the program planning and the interventions would be based on the needs of the community and the expertise and resources of ActionAid. Programs would be implemented in coordination with government and other humanitarian agencies. Relief distribution will be done respecting the dignity of the affected people.

II. TargetingPrograms would prioritize the needs of vulnerable and excluded groups like widows, pregnant women, elderly, children and disabled. These groups would be given priority during relief distributions as well as long term recovery interventions. Targeting will be done by the community, and ensure that the support reaches the neediest vulnerable population. During conflicts interventions will be planned which would not aggravate the conflict or trigger new conflicts.

III. ImplementationPrograms would be implemented in coordination with local partners and government administrations.

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Need assessment and targeting would be done by the community and would be monitored by AAN to make sure that needs of vulnerable families are addressed. Capacity of community groups would be strengthened to lead an effective implementation and monitoring and impact assessment of the programs. Programs would adhere to international humanitarian standards such as Sphere standards and IASC guidelines.

III a. Food and Non Food reliefEssential food items and non food items which are culturally accepted would be distributed through Community committees. Warehouses would be identified in villages and distribution would be done systematically ensuring transparency and accountability. Special attention would be given to address the malnourishment of children through supplementary food distribution. Similarly the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating mothers’ women would be given priority during food distribution.

III b. WaterPackaged drinking water, trucking of potable water and supply of water purification tablets would be done where ever required. Supporting rehabilitation/construction of water sources and rainwater harvesting structure would be another intervention to ensure availability of hygienic water to the people.

III c. SanitationTemporary toilets would be constructed at relief camps in time of major emergencies and sanitation and hygiene awareness programs would be organised.

III d. HealthSupport would be given for treatment of diseases like cholera and injuries during flood. Health awareness programs would be implemented to improve the health and hygiene during emergencies. Provision of bed nets would be done for preventing mosquito born diseases. Organising medical camps would be done if situation demands.

III e. EducationEducational supplied will be provided for reducing drop outs and transitional educational facilities would be organised if necessary.

III f. LivelihoodLivelihood restoration would be prioritised for ensuring food security of the poor families. Provision of basic start ups for livelihood activities like agriculture, livestock, petty trades (mainly for women). Efforts will be made to strengthen the existing livelihoods and to diversify the livelihood sources as a strategy for livelihood resilience.

III g. ShelterSupport will be provided to the neediest families for setting up transitional shelters and repairing the damaged houses in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. III h. Psycho Social CareIn order to address the trauma of the affected people, a community based psycho social care would be implemented.

III i. Building capacity of Community StructureCapacity building programs would be conducted for Disaster Management Committees (DMC) and other community structures for engaging in disaster response and disseminating messages on risk reduction. Building the capacity of the government disaster management machinery would also be targeted on a long term basis.

IV. Long Term Programs for Rehabilitation and RecoveryDepending on the availability of funds AAN would support the community in different sectors like Health, Livelihood, Shelter, Capacity Building, Disaster/Conflict Risk reduction and preparedness. Improving the community capacity to analyse and mitigate disasters and conflicts would be a key area of intervention. Participatory tools such as Participatory vulnerability Analysis ( PVA) and REFLECT will be used for this purpose.

V. Monitoring and EvaluationA community based participatory monitoring and evaluation would be carried out to improve the quality and effectiveness of the program.

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Technical Standards, if any

We will adhere to the relevant international standards such as SPHERE standards and IASC Guidelines in our disaster interventions.

SPHERE Standards Requirements by sector

FOOD 2100 Kcal/person/day 10-12% of total energy is provided by protein 17% of total energy is provided by fat Micro nutrients intake through fresh or fortified food

WATER 2.5 to 3 litres/person/daySANITATION One toilet for maximum 20 people Separate toilets for males and females

Inter-Thematic Linkages

Action Aid Nepal works on 3 foundation themes; Women’s Rights; Right to Education and Right to Food. Human Security in Emergencies and Just and Democratic Governance cuts across all the above 3 themes.

While planning activities in other thematic areas, efforts would be made to make it sensitive to the issues around disasters and conflict. Also the emergencies and conflict program planning would be done with a built in component of other thematic areas such as education, women’s right, food rights and governance.

Our interventions on education will also address the disaster risk reduction issues which can be in the form of promoting disaster education at schools, school safety or making school a locus of DRR activities in the community. REFLECT will be used as a major tool for disaster preparedness and risk reduction in the communities.

Women’s right thematic interventions would also identify the vulnerabilities of women in disasters and conflict and would develop strategies to address those issues with a long term perspective. Identifying and addressing the factors which make women vulnerable especially during a crisis would be a key intervention by women rights unit. Same way while humanitarian interventions are made in an emergency context, needs of women and children would be given priority. Women’s involvement would be ensured in the critical decision making process.

Food security themes will analyse the vulnerability factors which decrease the food security of poor families whom we work with, in the context of disasters and emergencies and identify ways to address it. Working towards economic empowerment and food security through sustainable livelihood approach would be a priority in improving the resilience of communities to recurring natural disasters and other emergencies.

HIV/AIDS project interventions would try to incorporate the special needs of People living with HIV and AIDS in a disaster/conflict context and reduce their vulnerabilities to emergencies.

Governance theme would equally address the policy issues which makes the poor more vulnerable to disasters and conflict and to address the root cause, in coordination with other themes. Governance theme would engage with the government and other power structures in order to address the issues related to disasters and conflict and to bring their focus to effective disaster/conflict reduction and mitigation measures at the national/regional and local levels.

How Will RBA/ALPS Principles/Women’s Rights Be Incorporated In Emergency Programming

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Protecting and promoting rights of vulnerable in accessing basic survival needs like food, shelter, water, and health as well as physical and psychological security; and rights to development like participation, information and education etc.

Using emergency operation as a means to promote over all rights of the excluded and marginalised people. Ensuring that quality assistance reaches those affected and that their rights and dignity are protected even in

the midst of emergencies Taking sides with vulnerable and poor people including women ,children ,People with disability (PWD s) etc Effort to put women’s right at centre of all actions. Identifying different roles of other stakeholders and ensuring that partnerships are mutually re-enforcing. By working in close coordination with government, influencing the government to assign the primary

responsibility of addressing the needs of people during disasters and emergencies. Ensuring that we work in a transparent and accountable manner especially to vulnerable and affected people

through tools like transparency boards, social audits, PRRP s. Being sensitive to local cultural differences and respecting them Promoting participation and ensuring decision making at levels where the greatest impact would be felt Strengthening active agency of marginalised and excluded group of people to influence the policy and

practices.

SECTOR IV: HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES

Additional human resource requirements locally, sources of quick recruitment and lead times

During Medium Emergencies Major Emergencies

Will manage with the existing staff of AAN and partners. Through local partners/CSO network

Will maintain a database of potential candidates for quick recruitment

Would utilise the service of local volunteers who have been trained in various aspects of disaster management though various DRR projects implemented by AAN

Additional human resource requirements from E-FAST/internationally

During medium emergencies Major emergencies

No requirement IECT AdvisorExperts in Need assessment, Fund raising and Donor communicationIDP resettlement expertPsycho social care expertWater and sanitation specialistPublic health specialist

Capacity-Building Needs, Plans and Budget for Disaster Management for 2009

Training on Participatory Vulnerability Analysis (PVA) for conflict and disaster vulnerability analysisTraining on SPHERE and other standards in humanitarian responsePsycho social care Communication/documentation in disasters and emergency contextCapacity building of Disaster Management Committees formed in communities and relief campsCapacity building staff of ActionAid and partners in emergency programs (“Bicycle lane to Express lane” training by

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IECT)Security trainings for the newly-recruited staff

SECTIONV: LINKAGE ANALYSIS

i) Local Partners

Available local partners for sector/areas

1. Lumanti, Katmandu (DA6)2. Jana Sewa Samaj Nepal (JSSN), Khotang (DA 8)3. Underprivileged Children’s Association- Nepal (UPCA), Sansurai ( DA 10)4. Sustainable Livelihood Forum (SLF), Purbat (DA 11)5. Community Support Group (CSG), Kailali (DI 12 )6. Radha Krishna Tharu Jana Sewa Kendhra (RKJS), Bardiya (DI 12)7. Bhumeshwar Community Development Organisation (BCD) ), Baitadi (DI 13)8. Manekor Society Nepal (MSN), Rasuwa (DI 14)9. Nepal Agro Forestry Foundation (NAF), Rasuwa (DI 14)10. Ecology Agriculture and rural Development Society (ECARDS) Dolakha (DI 15)11. Human Rights Awareness Centre and Rural Development Society (HURADEC) ( DI 15)12. Siddhartha Social Development Centre (SSDC), Kapilabastu (DI16)13. Sahaj Nepal (SN) Kapilabasthu ( DI16)14. Divya Yuva Club (DYC) Parsa (DI 17)15. Arunoday Youth Club (AYC) Parsa (DI 17)16. Dalit Jana Kalyan Yuva Club (DJKYC), Siraha (DI 18)17. Society for Environment and Education Development (SEED) (DI 19)18. Boat for Community Development (BCD), Dang (DI 19)19. Community Self Reliance Centre (CSRC), Kathmandu (DI 20)20. Dhanusha Sewa Samithi (DSS), Dhanusha (DI 21)21. Social Development Path, Nepal (SODEP), Dhanusha (DI 21)22. Sustainable adn Equitable Development Academy (SEDA), Jumla (DI 22)23. Rural Development Group Program (RDGP), Jumla (DI 22)24. Suddhartha Club (SC), Kaski (DI 23)25. Children adn Women Empowerment Society (CWES), Pokhra (DI 23)26. Friends of Hope (FoH) , Pokhra, Kaski (DI 23)27. Community Support Group (CSG) Kaski (DI23 )28. Vijaya development Resource Centre (VDRC) Nawalparasi (DI 24)29. Majhi, Musahar, Bote Kalyan Sewa Samiti (MMBKSS), Nawalparasi (DI 24 )30. Sahamati, Nawalparasi (DI 24) 31. Indreni Social Development Forum (ISDF), Nawalparasi (DI 24)32. Community Development Organisation ( CDO) (DI 24)33. Rashtriya Dalit Network (RDN) Kailali (DI 25)34. Rural development Centre (RDC), Bara (DI 26)35. Ney Young Star Club (NYSC), Bara (DI 26)36. Janachetana Jagaran Abhiyan (JJA), Bara (DI 26)37. Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy, Nepal (MBMAN), mangalbare (DI 27)38. Nari Bikas Sangh (NBS) Morang (DI 27)39. Nepal Social Development People Empowerment Centre (NESPEC), Gaighat (DI 27)40. Chelibeti Club (CC) , Boske (DI 28)41. Apang Vikas Sangh, Udaypur (DI 28)42. Muldhar Mahila Sewa Kendra, Udaypur ( DI 28)43. Feminist Dalit Organisation , Gaighat (DI 28)44. Dalit Network, Udaypur (DI 28)45. Nawa Prabhat Samajsebi Pariwar , Udaypur (DI 28)46. Human Resource Centre , Bajura (DI 29)47. Peacewin, Bajura (DI 29)

Sectors/regions for which no current partner

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Plans to develop partners

AAN will initiate relief interventions in areas where we it doesn’t have presence, through government agencies and Nepal Red Cross Society. As a preparedness measure AAN would identify and initiate contacts with potential partners in the hazard prone areas (where AAN doesn’t have presence currently but would prefer to intervene in future) in order to implement relief programs swiftly.

ii) In-country Donors Relationship Analysis

Donors Received money before

No money regular interaction

Little or no interaction

DFIDECHO XUNDPAUSAIDCIDA

Plans to Cultivate Relationships with Donors Assistance Needed from IECT/IPD in Doing So

Complete the donor scoping and identifying potential donor and their agenda in the country

Advice on how best to align human security country strategy to donor strategies in emergencies.

Link with IPD Brussels to access ECHO funds and donor intelligence information.

Liaise with ECHO-Nepal office (support from IPD ARO/ IECT advisor).

Explanation and engagement with the IASC Cluster system.

Build relationship through visits, sharing reports, strategies and updating AAN activities and achievementsInvite the donors for visits to our projectsAttend coordination meetings and joint assessmentsBuild Profile and increase the visibility for more recognition from donorsiii) In-Country Media Relationship Analysis

Media Agency Strong Medium Weak

BBCKanthipur TVNepal Tele Vision (NTV)Radio NepalTimes FMNepal News (Daily Newspaper)The Kathmandu Post (Daily Newspaper) The Rising Nepal (Daily Newspaper)

Plans to Cultivate Relationships with Media Assistance Needed from IECT/Int’l Communications Dept.

Write case studies and reports Share research reports with the media Write press releases and news articles on our

emergency and long-term development work. Undertake impact assessment on all projects and

document evidence Build the capacity of the local media, in

investigative journalism and reporting

Link AAN with those media groups not in Nepal. Create publications, publish research reports etc. Invite international journalists on field trips and

visits. AAN to link up with Communications teams in

ARO, London and IECT Enhance involvement of media in development

and emergency issues and responses (write to BBC World Service Trust).

Training in communications, both for emergency and long-term development work.

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Information on how to write and publish blogs. Publish information on European AAI country

websites to aid with fundraising.

iii) Government Agencies Relationship Status

Govt. Agency Strong Medium Weak

Ministry of Home Affairs Disaster Management Section XMinistry of Health XMinistry of Agriculture XMinistry of Social Welfare XDistrict administrations XDepartment of Hydrology and Meteorology XCentral / Regional/District Natural Disaster Relief Committees

Plans to Develop Relationships further with Government Agencies

Attend coordination meetings Engage with government in relevant M&E activities Design appropriate capacity building programmes Communicate better (ideas, development philosophy etc.) Share plans and reports with relevant government agencies Attach experts/advisors to different government agencies Contribute to the National Platform on Disaster Management set up by government

iv) Relationships with other Relevant Non-Governmental Agencies

Agency Strong Medium Weak

CAREOXFAMPRACTICAL ACTIONNEPAL REDCROSSSAVE THE CHILDRENUNITED MISSION TO NEPALLUTHERAN WORLD SERVICE NEPALPLAN NepalNORADGTZ

Plans to Develop Relationships Further with Non-Government Agencies

Create cross-learning environment Attend coordination meetings Arrange regular meetings. Involve them in strategic planning processes Be involved in any consortium groups Share reports Continue the engagement with DPNet

Annexure 1: AAN intervention Areas

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Documents

Transcript of Aan eararm nepal- 2009