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LABOR STANDARDS LAWACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012
DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAWPROFESSOR ALEX A. LOPEZ
PRESIDING COMMISSIONER, 3RD DIV., NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
I. INTRODUCTION 1987 CONSTITUTION
(Article II, Sections 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18; Article III, Section 8 Article XIII, Sections 1-4) LABOR CODE ARTICLES 1 – 6
A. LABOR LAW AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION1) Definition
a. Labor Legislation vis-à-vis Social Legislationb. Labor Standards Law vis-à-vis Labor Relations Law
2) Justification: Social Justice
3) Foundation or Basis: Police Power of the State- St. Luke’s Medical Center Employee’s Assoc. - AFW vs. NLRC,
G.R. 162053; May 7, 20074) Ultimate Goal: Industrial Peace
- Calalang vs. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940)5) Balancing of Rights and Interests
- Hotel Enterprises of the Phil. vs. Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Hyatt(NUWHRAIN), G.R. 165756; June 5, 2009)
B. BASIS1) 1987 Constitution
a. Pertinent Provisionsi. Article II, Sections 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18ii. Article III, Section 8iii. Article XIII, Sections 1, 2, 3, 4
b. Compared to 1935 and 1973 Constitutioni. Article XIV, Section 6 of 1935 Constitutionii. Article II, Sections 6, 9, 1973 Constitution
- PNB vs. Cabansag, 460 SCRA 514 (2005)
2) Civil Code- Articles 1700-1701
3) Labor Code
4) International Conventions
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- International School Alliance of Educators vs. Quisimbing,G.R. 128845; June 1, 2000
C. LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES1). Brief History2) Name of Decree – Article 13) Date of Effectivity – Article 24) Declaration of Basic Policy – Article 35) Construction in Favor of Labor
a. Article 4b. Civil Code Art. 1702- Dealco Farms, Inc. vs NLRC G.R. 153192; Jan. 30, 2009
6) Rules and Regulation – Article 57) Applicability
a. Article 6, 276b. Article IX-B, Section 2 (1) 1987 Constitution - PNOC Energy Development Corp. vs. NLRC, 201 SCRA 487 (1991)- LRTA vs. Venus, 485 SCRA 301 (2006)
8) Statement of Objectives – Article 12
D. EMPLOYER – EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP
1) Definition of Employer and Employee- Article 97 (a)-(c); Article 212 (e)-(f)
2) Test- SGV, Co. vs. De Raedt, G.R. 161366; June 16, 2009- Orozco vs. Fifth Division, CA, 562 SCRA 36 (2008)- Pacific Consultants International Asia, Inc. vs. Schonfeld, 516 SCRA 209 (2007)- Lopez vs. Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, 462 SCRA 425 (2005)3) Independent Contractor / Labor – Only Contractor
a. Articles 106-109b. DOLE Order No. 18-02, S. 2002- Mandaue etc. vs. Andales, 548 SCRA 17 (2008)- Aliviado, et al. vs. P&G Phil., Inc. & PROMM-GEM, Inc.,
G.R. 160506; March 9, 2010c. Liability of Indirect Employer- Eparwa Security and Janitorial Services, Inc. vs. Liceo de Cagayan,
G.R. 150402; Nov. 28, 20064) Employee Classification
a. Coverage – Article 278b. Regular Employee
i. Provisions:- Article 280, 1st and 2nd Par., Article 281, last sentence, Article 75 (d)- Omnibus Rules Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 5 (a)-(b) and 6
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ii. Definition and Extension of Period- Hanjin vs. Ibañez, 555 SCRA 537 (2008)iii. Repeated Renewal of Contract- Beta Electric Corp. vs. NLRC, 182 SCRA 384 (1990)
c. Project Employeesi. Provisions- Article 280, 1st Par.- Policy Instructions No. 20 of 1977 and D.O. 19 S. of 1993ii. Project Employment- Villa vs. NLRC, 284 SCRA 105 (1998)- Maraquinot vs. NLRC, 284 SCRA 539 (1998)
d. Casual Employeesi. Provisions- Article 280, 2nd Par.- Omnibus Rules Book VI, Rule 1, Sec. 5 (b)ii. Casual Employment- Maranaw Hotels & Resort Corp. vs. CA, G.R. 14966; Jan. 20, 2009
e. Fixed-Term Employment- Brent School vs. Zamora, 181 SCRA 702 (1990)
f. Seasonal Employees- Phil. Tobacco vs. NLRC, 300 SCRA 37, (1998)
g. Probationary Employeei. Provisions- Article 281, Article 61 2nd Sentence, Article 75 (d)- Omnibus Rules Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 6ii. Definition / Purpose- Cebu Marine Beach Resort vs. NLRC, 414 SCRA 173 (2003)
II. EMANCIPATION OF TENANTS LABOR CODE ARTICLES 7 – 11 REPUBLIC ACT 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988)
III. PRE-EMPLOYMENT LABOR CODE ARTICLES 12 – 39 REPUBLIC ACT 8042 (1995) as amended by R.A. 10022 (2010) POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Land-
Based Overseas Workers (May 2002)
A. EMPLOYMENT POLICIES/STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES1) 1987 Constitution
a. Article II, Sec 9b. Article XIII, Sec. 3 par. 1
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2) Labor Code- Articles. 3, 12 (a) (b) (f)
3) Migrant Workers’ Act- R.A. 8042 Secs. 2 (a) (b) in relation to (g) (c), 4, 5 as amended by R.A. 10022
B. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES1) Private Sector –Agencies
a) Partiesi. Worker – Art. 13 (a); R.A. 8042 Sec. 3 (a)ii. Private employment agency – Art. 13 (c) (d); Art. 12 (f); Art. 14 (a)iii. Private recruitment entity – Art. 13 (e) (f); Art 12 (f); Art. 14 (a)
b) Recruitment and Placementi. Local employment Art. 13 (b)ii. Overseas employment – R.A. 8042 Sec. 6 as amended
c) Allowed and Protected Entities i. Allowed Private Agencies and Entities- Arts. 16, 25, 18, 12 (f); POEA rules Part I, Rule II, Sec 1ii. Prohibited Business Agencies and Entities- Arts. 16, 18, 25- Travel Agencies (Art. 26; POEA Rules Part II, Rule I, Sec. 2)
Exception: Art. 18, 2nd Sentenceiii. Ban on Direct Hiring – Art. 18- Hornales vs. NLRC, G.R. 118943 (2001)
d) Government Techniques of Regulation – Private RecruitmentLicensing (Requirements)i. Qualifications- Articles 27- 28- POEA Rules Part II, Rule I Sec 1 (a) (b)ii. Fees- Article 32- POEA Rules Part II, Rule V, Section 3iii. Reportorial Requirements/Employment Information- Articles 33, 14 (d), 34 (h)- Republic Act 8042 Sec. 6 (h)iv. Illegal Recruitment
- Articles 34, 38- R.A. 8042, Sections 6-12 as amended
Prohibited Practices:Undertaken by non-licencees, non-holders of license- People vs. Domingo, 584 SCRA 669 (2009)- People vs. Gallo, G.R. 185277; March 18, 2010
v. Enforcement- Regulatory Power: Articles 35-36
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- Rule-Making Power: Article 36- Visitorial Power: Articles 35 & 37
vi. POEA Standard Employment Contract: Disability Benefits- Abante vs. KGJS Fleet Management Manila, et al.,
G.R. 182430; December 4, 2009.vii. Joint and Several Liability of Agent and Principal- POEA Rules Part II, Rule II Sec 1 (f); R.A. 8042 Sec. 10 2nd par.- OSM Shipping Phil., Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. 138193; March 5, 2003
e) Jurisdictioni. RTC over Criminal Action Arising from Illegal Recruitment
- R.A. 8042, Sec. 9ii. Labor Arbiter over Money Claims of OFWs
- R.A. 8042, Sec. 10 as amended- Serrano vs. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc.
582 SCRA 254 (2009)iii. POEA over Administrative Cases
- R.A. 8042 Sec. 28 (a) & (b)f) Employment Offices – Art. 12 (f); 14 (a)g) Sanctions
i. Local Employment – Art. 39ii. Overseas Employment – Art. 35; R.A. 8042 Secs. 6, 7, 10 as amendediii. Trafficking in Person, Convention on the Suppression of the Traffic in
Persons and of the Prostitution of Others; RA 9208 and Implementing Rules and Regulations
C. Alien Employment Regulation ARTS. 12 (E), 40-42; OMNIBUS RULES IMPLEMENTING THE LABOR CODE
BOOK I, RULE XIV D.O. 12 (OMNIBUS GUIDELINES FOR ISSUANCE OF EMPLOYMENT PERMITS
TO FOREIGN NATIONALS) NOV. 16, 2001; D.O. NOS. 19-02, 26-02 (SERIES OF 2002); D.O. NO. 41-03 (SERIES OF 2003); D.O. NO. 59-04 (SERIES OF 2004); D.O. NO. 75-06 (SERIES OF 2006); D.O. NO. 97-09 (SERIES OF 2009);
CONSTITUTION ART XII, SEC. 12
1) Coverage/Exemption – Art. 40; D.O. No. 97-09 Secs 1,2- Almodiel vs. NLRC 223 SCRA 341 (1993)
2) Conditions for Grant of Permit/Denial- D.O. No. 97-09 Secs. 3-6, 10- Pacific Consultants International Asia, Inc. vs. Schonfeld
G.R. 166920; Feb. 19, 20073) Renewal/Validity of AEP – D.O. No. 97-09, Secs. 9 & 114) Revocation/Cancellation/Grounds – D.O. No. 97-09 Secs. 12-14
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IV. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Arts. 57-81 R.A. 7796 “Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Act of 1994 “
(TESDA) R.A. 7686 “Dual Training Systems Act of 1994” R.A. 7277 “Magna Carta for Disable Persons”
A. POLICY OBJECTIVES- R.A. 7796 Secs. 2-3
B. APPRENTICE1. Definition: Art. 58 (b); R.A. 7796 Sec. 4 (j) (k)2. Apprenticeable Occupation: R.A. 7796 Sec. 4 (m)3. Qualification: Omnibus Rules Rule VI, Sec. 11; R.A. 7610, Sec. 12 as amended by
R.A. 7658 4. Allowed Employers and Occupation: Art. 60
- Nitto Enterprises vs. NLRC, 258 SCRA 654 (1995)5. Terms and Conditions of Employment: Arts. 61, 726. Costs: Art. 717. Enforcement: 8. Arts. 65-67
C. LEARNERS1. Definition: Art. 73; RA 7796 Sec. 4 (n)2. Allowed Employment: Art. 743. Terms and Conditions of Employment: Arts. 75-76
D. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (HANDICAPPED) ILO CONVENTION 159 (1983) R.A. 7277
1. Definition: R.A. 7277 Sec. 4 (a) - (d)2. Policy Declaration: R.A. 7277 Sec. 23. Coverage: R.A. 7277 Sec. 3
4. Rights and Privileges: R.A. 7277 Secs. 5-7- Bernardo vs. NLRC & FEBTC, 310 SCRA 186 (1999)
5. Discrimination: R.A. 7277 Secs. 32-336. Enforcement: Secs. 44-46
VI. CONDITIONS OF WORK
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Reference: Arts 82-90; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rules 1, 1-A, II
A. HOURS OF WORK
1. Regulation/Rational - Manila Terminal Co. Inc. Vs. CIR, 91 Phil 625 (1952)
2. Coverage/Exemptions – Art. 82, 276; rules 1, Secs 1-4
a. Government Employees – Constitution Art IX-B, Sec 2 (1); Omnibus Rules, book III, Rule 1, Sec 2 (a)
b. Managerial Employees – Art 82; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule 1 Sec. 2 (b) (c)- Asia Pacific Christening, Inc. vs. Farolan, 393 SCRA 454 (2004)- Charlito Penaranda vs. Baganga Plywood Corp., 489 SCRA 94 (2006)
3. Field Personnel – Art. 82; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (f)- Mercidar Fishing Corp. vs. NLRC, 297 SCRA 440 (1998)- Auto Bus Transport Systems, Inc. vs. Bautista, 458 SCRA 578 (2005)
4. Dependent Family Members – Art. 825. Domestic Helpers – Arts 82, . 141, 145; Omnibus rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d)6. Persons in the Personal Service of Another – Art. 82, Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule 1, Sec.
2 (d)7. Piece Workers – Art. 82; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule 1, Sec. 2 (e)
- Labor Congress vs. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)
8. Normal Hours of Work – Art. 839. Compensable Hours of Work – Art. 83
a. On Duty – Art. 84 (a), Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (a), Sec. 4 (a)b. At Work – Art. 84 (a); Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (b)
10. Specific Rules
a. Rest Period
1) Short Duration or “Coffee Break” – Art. 84 2nd parag.; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7 2nd parag.
2) More than 20 mins. – Book III, Rule I Sec. 4 (b)
b. Meal Period
1) Regular Meal Period (One Hour) – Art. 85; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7 1st parag.- Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. NLRC, 302 SCRA 582 (1999)
2) Shorter Meal Period (Less than One Hours, but Not Less than 20 Minutes) – Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7 1st parag.
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c. Waiting Time – Book III, rule I, Sec. 5 (a)- Arica vs. NLRC, 170 SCRA 776 (1989)
d. On Call – Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (b)e. Inactive Due to Work Interruptions – Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (d)
- University of Pangasinan Faculty Union vs. University of Pangasinan, 127 SCRA 691 (Feb. 20, 1984)+++
f. Necessary Work After Normal Hours – Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (c) g. Lectures, Meetings, Training Programs, - Book III, Rule I, Sec. 6h. Travel Time
- Rada vs. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992)
11. Overtime Work/Pay – Art. 87-90; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 8-11
a. Overtime in Ordinary Working Day – Art. 87; Book III, Rule I, Sec. 8b. Emergency or Compulsory Overtime Work – Art. 89
- R.B. Michael Press vs. Nicasio Galit, G.R. No. 153510 (Feb 13, 2008)c. Undertime Work/Leave – Art. 88d. Additional Compensation – Art. 87e. Proof of Work/WEmployer Obligation
- Social Security System vs. Court of Appeals, 348 SCRA 1 (2000)f. Night Work – Art. 86, Book III, Rule II, Secs 1-6; ILO Convention 89 (1948)
1) Coverage/Exclusion – Book III, Rule II Sec. 12) Additional Compensation – Art. 86, Book III, Rule II, Secs. 2-5
- Shell Company vs. National Labor Union, 81 Phil 315 (1948)- Lepanto Consolidated Mining Co. vs. Lepanto Local Staff Union, 562
SCRA 495 (Aug. 2008)
B. WEEKLY REST PERIODS
Reference: Art. 991-93: Omnibus Rules,Book III,Rule III, Secs. 1-9
- Caltex Regular employees, etc. vs. altex (Phils.) Inc., 247 SCRA 398 (1995)
1. Coverage/Exclusions – Arts. 82, 91; Book III, Rule III, Sec. 1
2. Right to Weekly Rest Periods – Art. 91 (a); Book III,Rule III, Sec. 33. Determination/Preference of Employee – Art. 91 (b); Book III, Rule III, Secs. 4, 54. Compulsory Work on Rest Day – Art. 92; Book III, Rule III, Sec. 65. Premium Pay – Art. 93 (a) (b) (c); Book III, Rule III, Sec. 76. Work on a Sunday or Holiday which is also a Scheduled Rest Day – Art. 93 (a) (b); Book
III,Rule III, sec. 7 (a) (b)7. CBA on Hihger Premium Pay – Art. 93 (d); Book III, Rule III, Secs. 7 (e), 9
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C. HOLIDAYS
Reference: Art. 94; Executive Order 203 (1987); Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV; P.D. 1083 “Code of Muslim Personal Laws” (Feb. 4, 1977); R.A. 9492
1. Definition
a. Retail Establishments, Rules Implementing RA 6727, parag. fb. Service Establishments, rules Implementing RA 6727 parag. G
2. Coverage/Exclusions – Art. 94 (a); Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 1- Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union vs. Bacungan,
144 SCRA 510 (1986)
3. Holiday Pay – Art. 94 (b)a. Faculty in Private Schools – Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 8 (a)
- Jose Rizal College vs. NLRC, 156 SCRA 27 (1987)b. Divisor as Factor
- Trans-Asia Phil. Employees Association vs. NLRC, 320 SCRA 347 (1999)
c. Sunday – Art. 93 (a) (b), 2nd Sentence; book III, Rule III, Sec. 2- Wellington Investment Inc. vs. Trajano, 245 SCRA 561 (1995)
d. Muslim Holiday – Art. Art. 169-172; PD 1083: RA 9492- San Miguel Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 311 (2002)
4. Absences – Book III, rule IV, Sec. 6 (a), 10
5. Non-Working Day/Scheduled Rest Day – Book III, Rule IV Sec. 6 (c)
D. SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE
Reference: Art. 95; Omnibus Rules Book III, Rule V
1. Coverage – Arts. 95 (a) (b); Book III, Rule V, Sec. 1- Makati Haberdashery Inc. vs. NLRC, 179 SCRA 449 (1989)- Labor Congress vs. NLRC , 290 SCRA 509 (1998)
2. Requirements – Art. 95 (a); Book III, Rule V. Secs. 2, 3a. meaning of “at least one year of service” – Book III, Rule V, Sec. 3b. Treatment of Benefits – Book III, rule V, Sec. 5
3. Computation and Liability - Sentinel Security Agency, Inc. vs. NLRC 295 SCRA 123 (1998)
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- Auto Bus Transport Sytems, Inc.. vs. Bautista, 458 SCRA 578 (2005)
E. VACATION LEAVE/SICK LEAVE
- PNCC Skyway Traffic Management & Security Division workers Organi-zation (PSTMSDWO) vs. PNCC Skyway Corp., G.R. No. 171231 (Feb. 17, 2010)
F. PATERNITY LEAVE – R.A. No. 8187 “Paternity Leave Act of 1996”, Secs. 1-6; Imple-menting Rules
1. Coverage – R.A. 8187, Sec. 2; Impl. Rules, Sec. 22. Conditions – R.A. 8187, Sec. 2; Impl. Rules, Secs. 2,3,43. When to avail of Benefits – Implementing Rules, Sec. 54. Treatment of Benefits – Impl. Rules, Sec. 75. Penalty Provisions – R.A. 8187, Sec. 5; Impl. Rules, Sec. 106. Employment Related Rights and Benefits7.
G. PARENTAL LEAVE – R.A. 8972 “SOLO PARENT’S WELFARE ACT OF 2000’
1. Coverage – RA 8972, Sec. 3 (a)2. Criteria – RA 8972, Secs. 4, 8; Impl. Rules, Art. IV, Sec. 73. Qualifications of Solo Parent – RA 8972, Sec. 8; Impl. Rules, Art. IV, Sec. 84. Employment-related rights and benefits – RA 8972, Sec. 3 (d) (e)
a. Flexible working Schedule – RA 8972, Sec. 6; Impl. Rules, Art. V, Sec. 17
b. Work discrimination - RA 8972, Sec. 7, Impl. Rules, Art. V, Sec. 8c. Leave – RA 8972, Sec. 8d. Treatment of Benefits/Non-cumulative – Impl. Rules, Art. V,Sec. 19, 2nd
sentence
H. VICTIM’S LEAVE – RA 9262 “An ACT Defining Violence Against Women and their Children”, Sec. 43; Impl. Rules, Rule VI, Sec. 42
1. Defintion/Coverage – RA 9262, Sec. 32. Entitlement to leave – RA 9262, Sec. 43; Impl. Rules, VI, Sec. 42
I. SPECIAL LEAVE BENEFITS FOR WOMEN – RA 9710 “Magna Carta of Women”
Covered Employees – RA 9710, Sec. 18
J. SERVICE CHARGES
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Reference: Art. 96; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VI
1. Covered Employees – Art. 962. Sharing – Art. 96
- Phi. Hoteliers, Inc. vs. NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF, G.R. No. 181972 (August 25, 2009)-
K. NON-DIMINUTION OF BENEFITS – Art. 100- Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. vs. NLRC & Patag, G.R. No. 152928 (June 18, 2009)
VII. Minimum Wages and Wage Fixing Machinery
Reference: Art. 97-119; Omnibus rules, Book III, rules VII-VIII
A. MINIMUM WAGE/RIGHT TO – Art. 99; Constitution, Art. XIII, Sec. 3, pars. 2-41. Definition – Art. 97 (f)
- Chavez vs. NLRC, 448 SCRA 478 (2005)2. Coverage – Arts. 97 (b) (c) (e), 98; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VII, Sec. 3
- Philippine Fisheries Development Authority vs. NLRC, 213 SCRA 621 (1992)
3. General Principlesa. No work, No pay (A fair day’s wage for fair day’s labor)
- Sugue vs. Triumph International (Phils.), G.R. Nos. 164804, 164784 (Jan-uary 30, 2009)
- Aklan Electric Corp., Inc. vs. NLRC, 323 SCRA 258 (2000)
b. Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value – ILO Convention 100 (1951)c. – International School Alliance of Educators vs. Quisumbing, R.R. No.
128845 (June 1, 2000)d. Form: Agreement for Compensation of Services – Art. 97 (f)
- Arms Taxi vs. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)e. Exemption from Income Tax – RA 9504 (June 17, 2008), Amending
Sec. 2 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997.
4. Wages – Book III, rule VII-A, Secs. 4-7; Wage order No. NCR-15 (June 16, 2010)a. Determination of Compliance with Minimum Wage
- Iran vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)b. Facilities and Supplemental Allowances – Book III, Rule VII, Secs. 4-7
- Millares vs. NLRC & PICOP, 305 SCRA 500 (1999)
c. Cash Wage/Commission – 97 (f); book III, Rule VII-A, Sec 4Songco vs. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990)Boie Takeda vs. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993)Phil. Duplicators vs. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
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d. Gratuity and Salary/Wages, Differences- Plastic Town Center Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 580 (1989)
e. Effects on Benefits – Art. 100- Davao Fruits Corp. vs. Associated Labor Union, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)
B. WAGE FIXING MACHINERY
Reference: ILO Convention 26 (1928); Wage Rationalization Act (RA 6727) amending Art. 120-127; Art. 120-127; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IX; Wage Order No. NCR-14, June 16, 2010.
1.Rationale for Wage Rationalization – RA 6727, Sec. 2
2. Agencies in Wage Fixing Machinery
a. National Wages and Productivity Commission – RA 6727, Sec. 3; Arts. 120, 121, 126b. Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board – RA. 6727, Sec. 3; Arts 122, 126
- Nasipit Lumber Co., Inc. vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 667 (1998)
3.Standards and Criteria for Wage Fixing – RA 6727, Sec, 3; Art 124
4.Wage Order – RA 6721, Sec. 3; Arts. 123, 124; Wage Oder No. NCR-15a. Methods of Wage Fixing1) Floor Wage Method2) Salary-Ceiling Method
- Employers Confederation of the Phils vs. National Wages and Productiv-ity Commission, 201 SCRA 759 (1991)
b. Validity- Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. vs. Secretary of Labor and Employment, 284
SCRA 150 (1998)c. Wage Distortion – RA 6727, Sec. 3; Art. 124
- Prubankers Association vs. Prudential Bank & Trust Co., 302 SCRA 74 (1999)
- Bankard Employees Union-WATU vs. NLRC, 423 SCRA 148 (2004)d. Freedom to Bargain – Art. 125; RA 6727, Sec. 2, 2nd Para.e. Penalty for violation – RA 6727, Sec. 12; RA 8188, June 11, 1996
5.Wage payment and Protection – Art. 102-105; Civil Code, Art. 1705; ILO Convention 95 (1949)
a. Form of Payment – Art. 102; Civil Code, Art. 1705; Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 1, 2- Congson vs. NLRC, 243 SCRA 260 (1995)
b. Time of Payment – Art. 103, Sec. 3c. Place of Payment – Art. 104, Sec. 4 (See: Labor Advisory on Payment of Salaries
thru ATM (Nov. 25, 1996)
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d. Direct Payment of Wages – Art. 105, Secs. 5,6– Bermiso vs. Escano, Inc., 105 Phil. 231 (1959)
6.Wage Prohibitions – ILO Convention 95 (1949)a. Interference in Disposal of Wages – Art. 112; Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 9b. Wage Deductions – Art. 113; book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 10
- Apodaca vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 442 (1989)- Genesis Transport Service, Inc. vs. UMMGT & Taroy, G.R. No. 182114,
April 5, 2010c. Requirement to make deposits for loss or damage – Arts, 114, 115; Book III, Rule VIII,
Sec. 11- Dentech Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989)- Five J Taxi vs. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994)
d. Withholding of Wages – Art. 116; Civil Code, Art. 1706e. Deduction to Ensure Employment – Art. 117f. Retaliatory Measures – Art. 118g. False Reporting – Art. 119: Bool III, Rule X, Sec. 13h. Keeping of Employees Records in a Place other than the Workplace
- South Motorists Enterprises vs. Tosoc, 181 SCRA 386 (1990)i. Garnishment/Executiion – Civil Code. Art. 1708
- GAA vs. Court of Appeals, 140 SCRA 304 (1985)
7.Worker Preference in the Event of Bankruptcy – Art. 110; Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 7; Civil Code, Arts 1207, 2241 (6), 2242 (3), 2244 (2), 2246, 2248, 2250
- Republic vs. Peralta, 150 SCRA 37 (1987)- Manila Banking Corp. vs. NLRC, 279 SCRA 602, 621-642 (1997)
9. Wage Recovery/Jurisdiction – Art. 128, 129, 217, 111: Book III, Rule X, Secs. 1-5- Cirineo Bowling Plaza vs. Gerry Sensing, 448 SCRA 175 (2005)- Balladares, et. al. vs. Peak Ventures, Inc., G.R. No. 161794, June 16, 2009- Meteoro, et.al. vs. Creative Creatures, Inc. G.R. No. 171275, July13, 2009.
VIII. 13TH MONTH PAY
A. HISTORY OF THE LAW- Dentech Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989)
B. COVERAGE- Archilles Manufacturing Corp. vs. NLRC, 244 SCRA 750 (1995)- Ultra Villa Food Haus vs. Geniston, 309 SCRA 17 (1999)
C. RATIONALE – PD 851,Whereas Clauses and Limitations
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D. AMOUNT AND DATE OF PAYMENT – Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th Month Pay Law
1. Basic Wage/Commissions- Boie Takeda vs. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993)- Iran vs. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)- Honda Phils, Inc. vs. Samahan ng Malayang Manggagawa sa Honda, 460
SCRA 186 (2005)2. Substitute Payment
- Framanlis Farms, Inc. vs. NLRC, 171 SCRA 87 (1989)
E. 14TH MONTH PAY- Kamaya Port Hotel vs. NLRC, 177 SCRA 160 (1989)
F. DIMINUTION- Davao Fruits Corp. vs. Associated Labor Unions, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)
IX. BONUS
A. NATURE- Philippine Duplicators, Inc. vs. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
B. DEFINITION/WHEN DEMANDABLE- Lepanto Ceramics, Inc., vs. Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association,
G.R. No. 180866, March 2, 2010- Protacio vs. Laya Mananghaya & Co., G.R. No. 168654, March 25, 2009- Phil. Appliance Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, 430 SCRA 525 (2004)
X. WORKING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS OF WORKERS
References: Arts. 130-138; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1; Constitution, Arts. II, Sec. 13 & XIII, Sec. 14; Woemn in Development and Nation Building Act (RA 7192); Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (RA 7877); Anti-Violence Against Women and their children Act of 2004 (RA 9262); Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710)
WOMENA. WOMEN UNDER THE CONSTITUTION – Art II, sec. 14; Art. XIII, sec. 14
- Philippine Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
- Phil. Telegraph and Telephone Co. vs. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596 (1997)
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B. COVERAGE – Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1
C. EQUAL TREATMENT BEFORE THE LAW – RA 9710, Secs. 2 par. 1, 12
D. PROHIBITED ACTSa. Night Work/Exceptions – Art.130-131; ILO Convention 89 (1948)b. Discrimination – Art. 135; RA 9710, Sec. 2 para. 2; ILO Conventions 100 (1951) and iii
(1958); CEDAW Art. 11c. Stipulation Against Marriage – Art. 136
- Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO vs. Glaxo Wellcome, G.R. 162994, Sept. 17, 2004
d. Discharge to prevent enjoyment of benefits – Art. 137 (1)e. Discharge on Account of Pregnancy – Art. 137 (2) (3)f. Discharge on Account of Testimony – Book III, Rule XII, Sc. 13 (d)g. Expulsion of Women faculty due to pregnancy outside of marriage – RA 9710, Sec. 13
(c)
E. FACILITIES – Arts. 132, 134; Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 11
F. SPECIAL WOMEN WORKERS – Art. 138
G. LEAVES AND OTHER BENEFITSa. Maternity Leave – Social Security Law of 1997 (RA 1161 as amended by RA 8282), Sec.
14-A, RA 8282b. Victim Leave – RA 9262, Secs. 3, 43; Impl. Rules, Rule VI, Sec. 42; RA 9710, Secs. (4
(k), 17 (8)c. Special Leave Benefits (for Gynecological Disorders) – RA 9710, Sec. 18; Impl. Rules,
Rule II, Sec. 7 T, Rule IV, Sec. 21
H. SEXUAL HARRASSMENT ACT OF 1995 (RA 7877)- Philip Aeolus Automotive United Corp. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124617,
April 28, 2000- Domingo vs. Rayala, 546 SCRA 90 (2008)
MINORS
References: Arts. 139-140; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Secs. 2-3; RA 7610 of 1992 as amended by RA 9231 (Special Protection of Children Act of 2003; Deparment Circular No. 3,
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Series of 2009 (Procedure for Closure of Business under RA 9231)
1.Minors under the Constitution – Art. II, Sec. 13
2.Coverage – RA 9231, Sec. 2, par. 3 on Sec. 12; Omnivbus Rules, Book III,Rule XII, Sec. 13. Employment of children – Art. 139; RA 7610 as amended, Secs. 12-16; DOLE D.O. No. 04, Series of 1999 Re: Hazardous work for persons below 18 years old4. Hours of work – RA 9231,Sec. 3 on Sec. 12-a5. Prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor – Sec. 3 on Sec. 12-d; Sec. 5 on Sec. 146. Discrimination – Art. 1407. Jurisdiction – Sec. 9 on Sec. 16-A
HOUSEHELPERS/CAREGIVERSReferences: Arts. 141-152; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XIII
A. Definition – Rule XIII, Sec. 1 (b)
B. Coverage – Art. 141
C. Non-Household Work – Art. 145- Apex Mining Co. vs. NLRC, 196 SCRA 251
D. Conditions of Employment – Art. 141-152; Civil Code, Arts. 1689-1699a. Compensation – Art. 143, 144: Civil Code, Art. 168
- Time and manner of payment – Book III,Rule XIII, Sec. 9b. Hours of Work – Civil Code,Art. 1695c. Vacation with pay –Civil Code, Art. 1695d. Living Quarters, Food, Medical Attendance – Art. 148; Civil Code Art. 1689e. Treatment – Art. 147; Civil Code, Art. 1694f. Elementary Education – Art. 146; Civil Code, Art. 1691g. Term of Contract – Art. 142; Civil Code, Art. 1692h. Termination1) Fixed Duration – Art. 149; Civil Code, Srt. 16972) Not fixed – Art. 150; Civil Code, Art. 1698i. Employment Certification – Art. 151; Civil Code, Art. 1699j. Employment Records – Art. 152k. Funeral Expenses – Civil Code, Art. 1696; Book III, Rule XIII, Sec. 16l. Hazardous work for persons below 18 years old – D.O. 4-99, Sec. 4
HOMEWORKERS
A. Coverage and Regulation – Art. 153-155; Department Order No. 5, DOLE, Feb. 4, 1992, now book III, Rule XIV
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B. Definition – Sec. 2, DO No. 5C. Registration - Secs. 4 & 6, DO No. 5D. Conditions of Employment/Deductions – Secs. 6-9 DO No. 5E. Joint and Several Liability of employer/contractor – Sec. 11, DO No. 5F. Prohibitions – Secs. 13 DO No. 5G. Enforcement – Sec. 10, DO No. 5
XI. DENTAL, DENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Reference: Art. 156-165; Omnibus Rules, Book IV, Rule I, Secs. 1-1-; rules II, Secs. 1-10
A.Coverage – book IV, Rule I, Sec. 1B. First Aid Treatment – Art. 156C. Emergency Medical and Dental Services
1. When required – Art. 157- Escasinas vs. Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort, G.R. No. 178827, Mar. 4,
20092. When not required – Art. 158
D.Employer Assistance/Obligation – Art. 161C. Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Training of Supervisors/Technicians
1) When Required – Book IV,Rule II, Secs. 5 (a) (d)2) When not Required – Book IV, Rule II, Sec. 5 (e)
F. Enforcement/DOLE Obligations – Art. 162-165(Note: Arts. 166-208 were repealed by SSS Law of 1997; Re: 209, see NHI Law 166-208; Book IV, Rule II, Sec. 8: See also Technical Guidelines for Hazardous/Non-Hazardous establishment, DOLE Memo Circular No. 2, Series of 1998)
XII. EMPLOYEE CLASSIFICATION
SEE DISCUSSION IN PART I. D
XIII. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
Reference: Constitution, Art. XIII, Sec. 3; Arts. 282-286, 277 (b): Omnibus Rules, Book VI,Rule I,; Book V, Rule XIII
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A. Coverage – Arts. 276; Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1
B.Security of Tenure – Art. 279, 277 (b)- Espina vs. Hon. Court of appeals, G.R. No. 164582, Mar. 28, 2007- Philippine Daily Inquirer vs. Magtibay, G.R. No. 164532, July 24, 2007
1.Nature and Rationale - Llosa Tan vs. Silahis International Hotel, 181 SCRA 736 (1990)- Sonza vs. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp., 431 SCRA 361 (2004)
2.Coverage - Labajo vs. Alejandro, 166 SCRA 747 (1988)- Skillworld Management and Marketing Corp., vs. NLRC, 186 SCRA 465
(1990)- Inter-Orient Maritime Enterprises, Inc. vs. NLRC, 235 SCRA 268 (1994)
3.Management Prerogative- The Philippine American Life & General Insurance Co. vs. Gramaje, 442
SCRA 274 (2004)- Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO vs. Glaxo Wellcome Phils.,
Inc. 438 SCRA 343 (2004)- Duldulao vs. CA, G.R. No. 164893, Mar. 1, 2007
4.Lawful Dismissal: Concurrence of Substantive and Procedural Due Process
- Landtex Industries vs. CA, G.R. No. 150278, August 9, 2007- Coca Cola Bottlers vs. Valentina Garcia, G.R. No. 159625, Jan 31, 2008
5.Consequences of Illegal Dismissal – Art. 279- Golden Ace Builders & Azul vs. Talde, G.R. 187200, May 5, 2010
6.Burden of Proof – Art. 277 (b) 3rd Sentence- Chavez vs. NLRC, G.R. NO. 146530, Jan. 17, 2005- Pepsi Cola Product Phils. vs. E.V. Santos, G.R. No. 165968, April 14,
20087.Guidelines on Imposition of Penalties
- TIP Teachers & Employees Organization (TIPTEO) vs. CA, G.R. No. 175283, Mar. 29, 2008
- Jackqui R. Moreno vs. San Sebastian College-Recoletos, G.R. No. 175283, Mar. 28, 2008
C.Termination of Employment By Employee
1. Resignation - Oriental Shipmanagement C. Vs. CA 480 SCRA 100 (Jan. 25, 2006)- Globe Teleco vs. Crisologo, G.R. No. 174644, Aug. 10, 2007- Lazaro V. Dacut, et. al. vs. CA G.R. No. 169434, Mar. 26, 2008
2. Just Causes – Art. 285 (b)3. Without Just Cause: Requisites – 285 (a);Consti. Art. III, Sec. 18 (2)
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- Azcor vs. NLRC, 303 SCRA 26 (1999)- A Prime Security Services, Inc. vs. NLRC, 322 SCRA 283 (2000)
4. Performance of Military or Civic Duties – Art.286; Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 125. Forced Resignation
- JSS Indochina Corp. vs. Ferrer, 473 SCRA 120 (Oct. 2005)
D.Termination of Employment by Employer
1.Substantive Requirements/Just Causes – Art. 282, 279, 277 (b)a. Basis-Employer Right
- Gilles vs. CA, Schema Konsult, G.R. No. 149273, June 5, 2009- Ocean East Agency Corp. vs. NLRC, 287 SCRA 546 (1998)
b. Just Causes – Requisites1) Serious Misconduct/Willful Disobedience (Insubordination) - Art. 282 (a)
- AMA Computer College – East Rizal, et. al. vs. Ignacio, G.R. No. 178520, June 23, 2009
- Bibiana Farms & Mills, Inc. vs. Lado, G.R. No. 157861, Feb. 2, 2010- Areno vs. Sky Cable PCC-Baguio, G.R. No. 180302, Feb. 5, 2010- Formantes vs. Duncan Pharmaceuticals, Phils. G.R. No. 170661, Dec. 4,
20092) Gross and Habitual Neglect of Duties – Art. 282 (b)
- National Bookstore vs. CA 378 SCRA 194 (Feb. 27, 2002)- LBC Express-Metro Manila, Inc. vs. Nino, G.R. No. 168215, June 9, 2009
3) Loss of Trust and Confidence – Art. 282 ©- M + W Zander Phil. Inc. et. al. vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 169173, June 5,
2009- Triumph International (Phil) vs. Apostol, et. al. G.R. No. 164423, June 16,
2009- Ancheta vs. Destiny Financial Plans,G.R. No. 179702, Feb. 16, 2010- Benjamin and Consolacion vs. Amellar Corp., G.R. No. 183383, April 5,
2010
4) Commission of a Crime – Art. 282 (d)c. Analogous Causes - 282 (e)
- Cathedral School of Technology vs. NLRC, 214 SCRA 551 (1992)- Lim Vs. NLRC, 259 SCRA 485 (1996)- St. Lukes Medical Center, Inc. vs. Fabrigo, G.R. No. 185933,Nov. 25,
2009
d. Other Causes1) Abandonment
- Pentagon Stell Corp. vs. CA,G.R. No. 174141, June 26, 2009- Padilla Machine Shop vs. Rufino A. Javilgas,G.R. No. 175960, Feb. 19,
20082) Courtesy Resignation
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- Batongbacal vs. Associated Bank, 168 SCRA 600 (1988)3) Change of Ownership
- Manlimos vs. NLRC, 242 SCRA 145 (1995)- Elcee Farms Inc. vs. National Labor Relations Commission,G.R. No.
126428,Jan. 25, 20074) Habitual Absenteeism.Tardiness
- Manila Electric Co. vs. NLRC, 263 SCRA 531 (1996)- R.B. Michael Press vs. Nicasio S. Galit,G.R. NO. 153519 Feb. 23, 2008
5) Fixed-Term Employment- Medenilla vs. PVB, 328 SCRA 1 Mar 13, 2000- Pamantasan vs. Civil Service Commission, 241 SCRA 506 (1995)
6) Past Offenses- Janssen Pharmaceuticals vs. B. Silayro,G.R. No. 172528, Feb. 26, 2008- Ramoran vs. Jardine CMG, 326 SCRA 208 (Feb. 22, 2000)
7) Habitual Infractions- Gustilo vs. Wyeth Phil., Inc. 440 SCRA 67 (Oct. 4, 2004
8) Immorality- Santos vs. NLRC, 267 SCRA 117 (March 6, 1998)
9) Conviction/Commission of a Crime- Sampaguita Garments Corp. vs. NLRC, 233 SCRA 260 (1994)- Eduardo Bughaw, Jr. vs. Treasure Island Industrial, G.R. No. 173151,
Mar. 28, 200810) Qualification Requirements
- St. Lukes Medical Center Employees Association-AFW (SLMCEA-AFW) vs. NLRC, G.R. No.162053, Mar. 7, 2007
e. Constructive Dismissal- Phil. Veterans Bank vs. NLRC & Martinez,G.R. No. 188882, March 30,
2010- Penaflor vs. Outdoor Clothing Manufacturing Corp. et. al. G.R. No.
177114, April 13, 2010
f. Transfer- Westmont Pharmaceuticals, Inc. vs. Samaniego, 482 SCRA 611, Feb. 20,
2006- SMC vs. Angelo C. Potillas, G.R. No. 155178, May 7, 2008- Herida vs. F &C Pawnshop & Jewelry Store,G.R. NO. 172601, April 16,
2009g. Promotion
- Phil.Telegraph vs. CA, 412 SCRA 263 (Sept. 29, 2003)h. Preventive Suspension - Book V.Rule XXIII, Secs. 8&9, Omnibus Rules (old Provision – Prior to DO40-03 which revised Book V and delted Rule XXIII. At present, no specific rule governs Preventive Suspension
- Gatbonton vs. NLRC, 479 SCRA 416 (Jan 23, 2006)
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- Pido vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 169812, Feb 23, 2007
2. Substantive Requirements/Business Related Causes –Art. 283; Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 9a. Basis- Employer Right
- Edge Apparel Inc. vs. NLRC, 286 SCRA 302 (1998)b. Business-related or Authorized Causes1) Installation of Labor-saving Devices – Art. 2832) Retrenchment to Prevent Losses – Art. 283
- Flight Attendants & Stewards Association of the Phils. vs. PAL, 559 SCRA 252 (July 2008)
- FASAP vs. PAL, Inc. et. al. G.R. No. 178083, Oct. 2, 2009- Hotel Enterprises of the Phil., Inc. vs. Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Hyatt-
NUWHRAIN, G.R. No. 165756, June 5, 20093) Redundancy – Art. 283
- Andrada vs. NLRC,G.R. No. 173232, Dec. 28, 2007- Smart communications, Inc. vs. Regina M. Astorga., G.R. Nos. 148132,
151079, 151372, Jan. 28, 2008- Cabigting vs. San Miguel Foods, Inc., G.R. No. 167706,No.v 5, 2009
4) Closure of Business – Art. 283- Eastridge Goldf Club, Inc. vs. Eastridge Labor Union-Super, Art. 563
SCRA 93 (August 2008)5) Temporary Closure/Bona Fide fide Suspension of operations – Art. 286
- JPL Marketing Promotions vs. CA, 463 SCRA 136 (July 2005)
c. Disease – Art. 284- Vicente Sy vs. CA, 398 SCRA 301 (Feb. 27, 2003)- Crayons Processing vs. Pula, G.R, No. 167727, July 20, 2007
d. Enforcement of Union Security Clause in CBA- Inguillo & Bergante vs. First Phil. Scales, Inc. G.R. No. 165407, June 5,
2009E. Procedural Requirements – Art. 277 (b); Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 1-3
1. In General: Essential Elements of Due Process a. Compliance with the Twin requirements of notice and hearing
- PLDT vs. Berbano, Jr. G.R. No. 165199, Nov. 27, 2009- Babon, et. al. vs. NLRC & Magic Sales, Inc. G.R. No. 182299, Feb. 22,
2010b. Liability for non-compliance with procedural requirements
- Mantle Trading Services, Inc. vs. NLRC, No. G.R. No. 166705, July 28, 2009
- Agabon vs. NLRC and Riviera Home, 442 SCRA 573, Nov. 17, 2004- Serrano vs. NLRC and Isetann, 323 SCRA 445 (Jan. 27, 2000)
2. Right to Counsel - Salaw vs. NLRC, 202 SCRA 7 (1991)
3. Notice - King of Kings Transport vs. Mamac,G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007
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- Magro Placement vs. Hernandez,G.R. No. 156964, July 4, 20072. Hearing
a. Hearing Proper- Perez vs. Phil.Telegraph and Telephone Co. G.R. No. 152048, April 7,
2008- Technol Eight Phil. Corp. vs. NLRC & AMULAR, G.R. No. 187605,
April 13, 2010b. Use of Position Paper
- Seastar Marine Services, Inc. vs.Bul-an,Jr. 444, SCRA 140 (Nov. 25, 20043. Decision/Award – Constitution Art. VIII, Sec. 14
- ABD Overseas vs. NLRC, 286 SCRA 454 (1998)
4. Burden of Proof - Macasero vs. Southern Industrial Gases, Phils., G.R. No. 178524, Jan 30,
2009
5. Quantum of Proof: Substantial Evidence - De Guzman vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 167701,Dec. 12, 2007- Kulas Ideas & Creations, et. al. vs. Alcoseba & Arao-Arao, G.R. No.
180123, Feb. 18, 20106. Prescription – Art. 291; Civil Code, Art. 1146
- Victory Liner, Inc. vs. Race, G.R. No. 164820, Mar. 28, 2007- Anabe vs. Asian Construction, et. al., G.R. No. 183233, Dec. 23, 2009
7. Quitclaim - Goodrich Manufacturing Corp., et. al. vs. Atiro, et. al., G.R. No. 188002,
Feb. 1, 2010- Talam vs. NLRC 4th Div., & The Software Factory,G.R. No. 175040,
April 6, 201010. Dismissal of case on purely technical ground - frowned upon
- Quintano vs. NOLRC, 446 SCRA 193 (Dec. 13, 2004)
11. Criminal Cases- Lacorte vs. Inciong, 166 SCRA 1 (1988)- Quiambao vs. NLRC, 254 SCRA 211 (1996)
12. Good Faith of Employee - Cruz, vs. Coca Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc. 460 SCRA 340 (June 2005)
13. Appeal Bond: Jurisdictional – Art. 223- Ramirez vs. CA & Valcueba, G.R. No. 182626, Dec. 4, 2009- Mindanao Times Corp. vs. Confesor,G.R. No. 183417, Feb. 5, 2010
F. Reliefs/Remedies in Illegal Dismissal – Art. 279, 223
1. In General - Lopez vs. NLRC, 297 SCRA 508 (Oct. 8, 1998)
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a. Reinstatement1) Definition
- Asian Termnals,Inc. vs. Villanueva, G.R. No. 143219, Nov. 28, 2006- Composite Enterprises vs. Caparoso, G.R. No. 159919, Aug. 8, 2007
2) Exceptions- Johnson & Johnson vs. Johnson Office and Sales Union,G.R. No. 172799,
July 6, 2007a) Closure of Business- Retuya vs. Hon. Dumarpa, 408 SCRA 315 (August 5, 2003)b) Economic/Business Conditions- Union of Supervisors, etc. vs. Sec. of Labor, 128 SCRA 442 (1984)c) Employees Unsuitability- Divine Word High School vs. NLRC, 143 SCRA 346 (1986)d) Employees Retirement/Over age- Espejo vs. NLRC, 255 SCRA 430 (1996)e) Antipathy and Antagonism-Strained Relations- Westmont Pharmaceuticals, Inc. vs. Samaniego, 482 SCRA 611 (Feb. 20,
2006)
3) Offer to Reinstate- Ranara vs. NLRC, 212 SCRA 631 (1992)
4) Payroll Reinstatement –Art. 223- Juanito A. Garcia, et. al. vs. PAL,G.R. No. 164856, Jan. 20, 2009
5) No Refund Doctrine- College of Immaculate Concepcion vs. NLRC & Atty. Marius F. Carlos ,
Ph.D., G.R. No. 167563, March 22, 2010
6) Reinstatement as Interim Relief, when applicable- Lansangan et. al. vs. Amkor Technology, Phils. Inc., G.R. No. 177026,
Jan. 30, 2009
b. Backwages1) Effect of Failure to Order
- Aurora land etc. vs. NLRC, 266 SCRA 48 (1997)- St. Michael’s Institute vs. Santos, 371 SCRA 383 (Dec. 4, 2001)
2) Computation- Mercury Drug Co., Inc. vs. CIR, 56 SCRA 694 (1974)- Bustamante vs. NLRC, 265 SCRA 01 (1996)- Star Paper Corp. vs. Espiritu, G.R. No. 154006, Nov. 2, 2006
3) Fringe Benefits- Acesite Corp. Vs. NLRC, 449 SCRA 360 (Jan. 26, 2005)
2. Damages and Attorneys Fees
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- Phil. Aeolus Automotive United Corp. vs. NLRC, 331 SCRA 237 (April 28, 2000)
- Reyes vs. CA, 409 SCRA 267 (Aug. 15, 2003)- M+W Zander Phil., Inc. vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 169173, June 5, 2009
3. Separation Pay - Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. vs. Antonio, G.R. No. 171587, Oct. 13, 2009- “J” Marketing Corp. vs. Taran, G.R. 163924, June 18, 2009- Ha Yuan Restaurant vs. NLRC, 480 SCRA 328 (Jan. 27, 2006)
a) Backwages and Separation Pay, Distinct Reliefs- Triad Security and Allied Services vs. Ortega, 481 SCRA 591 (Feb. 6,
2006)- Palteng vs. UCPB, G.R. No. 172199, Feb. 27, 2009
b) Computation/Rationale- Business Day Information Systems and Services, Inc. vs. NLRC, 221
SCRA 9 (1993)- Songco vs. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990)
c) Effect of Receipt- San Miguel Corp. vs. Javate, 205 SCRA 469 (1992)
4. Financial Assistance
When Allowed/Not Allowed- Reno Foods, Inc. vs. NLM-KATIPUNAN, G.R. No. 164016, March 15,
2010- SolidBank Corp. vs. NLRC, et. al., GR. No. 165951, March 30, 2010- Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company vs. NLRC, 164 SCRA 671
(1988)
5. Indemnity - Serrano vs. NLRC and Isetann, 323 SCRA 445 (Jan. 27, 2000)- Agabon vs. NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (Nov. 17, 2004)
6. Liability of Corporate Officers - Carag vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 147590,Apr. 2, 2007- AMA Computer College-East Rizal, et. al. vs. Ignacio, G.R. No. 178520,
June 23, 2009
IX. RETIREMENT
References: Art, 287; RA No. 7641; Implementing Rule of RA 7641; Labor Advisory on Retirement Pay (Oct. 1999); as amended by RA 8558 (Feb. 26, 1996) Reduced Retirement Age of Underground Workers from 60 to 50
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- Interncontinental Broadcasting Corp. vs. Amarilla et. al. G.R. No. 162775, Oct. 27, 2006
- Jaculbe vs. Silliman University, G.R. No. 156934, Mar. 16, 2007- Reyes vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 160233 Aug. 8, 2007
A. RETROACTIVE APPLICATION OF RA 7641- Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp. vs. Caballeda, 560 SCRA 115 (July
2008)
B. COMPONENTS OF ONE-HALF MONTH PAY/SALARY – GUIDELINES 5.2- Enriquez Security Services, Inc. vs. Cabotaje, G.R. No. 1467993, July 21,
2006
C. WHEN RA 7641 IS APPLICABLE- Ozales vs. Unilab, 559 SCRA 26 (July 2008)
D. THREE KINDS OF RETIREMENT PLANS- Gerlach vs. Reuters Ltd. Phils, 448 SCRA 535 (Jan. 17, 2005)- Sta. Catalina vs. NLRC, 416 SCRA 233 (Nov. 19, 2003)- PAL vs. Airline Pilots Association of the Phils., 373 SCRA 302 (Jan. 15,
2002)
E. VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT- Ariola vs. Philex Mining Corp., 466 SCRA 152 (Aug. 9, 2005)
F. FORFEITURE OF BENEFITS- Equitable PCI Bank vs. Caguia, 466 SCRA 686 (Aug. 2005)- Sy vs. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., G.R. No. 160618, Nov. 2, 2006
G. EQUITABLE SOLUTION- PLDT vs. Reus, 557 SCRA 379 (July 2008)
H. RETIREMENT PAY DIFFERENTIAL- Rivera vs. Unilab, G.R. No. 155639, April 22, 2009
I. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE- Magdadaro vs. PNB, G.R. No. 166198, July 17, 2009
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