AACR2's Strategic Planand IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code

Dr. Barbara B. TillettLibrary of Congress Representative to the Joint Steering

Committee for Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules

Presentation to theCommissione permanente per l’aggiornamento della

RICANovember 21, 2002

Rome, Italy

History of AACR

• Panizzi – British Museum – 91 rules (1841)• Cutter – Rules for a dictionary catalog (1876)• Paris Principles (1961)• AACR (1967)

– North American ed.

– British ed.

• ISBD (1969+)• AACR2 (1978)

AACR2

• AACR2 (1978, 1988, 1998, 2002)

• Basis of the majority of records in machine-readable form– Over 48 million in OCLC– Worldwide publication coverage

AACR Used Worldwide

AACR2, 2002 Revision

• Now available• Loose-leaf• Binder with tabs• Annual updates

LC Actions to Implement AACR Changes

• Implementation of the 2002 Revision effective December 1, 2002

• Distribution of updates– LCRIs for internal

consistency of rule application

– Cataloger’s Desktop

• Description– ISBD areas

• 1 title and statement of responsibility• 2 edition• 3 material specific details• 4 publication, distribution, etc.• 5 physical description• 6 series• 7 notes• 8 standard numbers and terms of

availability• Access

– Controlled vocabularies, syndetic structure of references– Classification, call numbers, standard numbers, barcodes– Direct links

Descriptive and Access Elements

Structure of the Rules Part I - Description

• Chapter 1 – General rules• Chapter 2-12 – Classes of material

• Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets• Cartographic Materials• Manuscripts• Music• Sound Recordings• Motion Pictures and Videorecordings• Graphic Materials• Electronic Resources• Three-dimensional Artefacts and Realia• Microforms• Serials

• Chapter 13 - Analysis

Part II – Choice and Form of Access Points

• Chapter 21 – Choice of Access Points

• Chapter 22-25 – Headings– Persons– Geographic Names– Corporate Bodies– Uniform Titles

• Chapter 26 - References

Appendices

• Capitalization

• Abbreviations

• Numerals

• Initial Articles

• Glossary

• Index

JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002York, England

• FRBR terminology– So rules will be more precise

• Format Variation Working Group– Expression-level citations– OPAC displays for collocation

• Work level• Expression level (versions, translations,

performances, etc.)• Manifestation level

JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002York, England

• SMD (Special Material designators)

• Ch. 9 - Electronic Resources– Class of materials (computer files, software,

etc.) vs..– “Carrier” or “container” - “digital” as a type of

manifestation

• Area 8 Standard Numbers --> Area 7 Notes

Strategic Plan for AACR

• AACR is a multinational code for bibliographic description and access

• For all media• Developed for use in

English-language communities

• Independent of communication format

• Rules constantly evolve to meet changing needs

• Allow for different levels of description

• Assure consistency of practice for shared cataloguing

• Enable search precision through controlled forms of access points

Target 1 New edition (AACR3)

• 2005 (2007 or 2008?)• For Web-environment• Compatible with

international efforts• New Introductions

– Cataloging principles and concepts for description and access

• Authority control concepts

• FRBR terminology and concepts– Work, Expression,

Manifestation, Item

• Revise ambiguous and inconsistent terms– main entry, added entry,

entry

• Class of materials & GMD problems to be resolved

Objectives of the CatalogUser Tasks

• Find– Locate a single resource– Collocate all resources at various levels

• Gathering together all works of an author (by author’s name, title, subject, etc.)

• Identify• Select• Obtain• Navigate

Principles of Bibliographic Description and Access

• User convenience• Common usage• Representation• Accuracy• Sufficiency and necessity• Brevity and clarity• Standardization• Integration• Independent of format

Target 2 Outreach to other communities

• Build relationships with other groups– ISBD Review Group communications– Rule-making bodies worldwide

• Participation in key conferences and meetings:– IFLA meeting of experts (1st : Frankfurt, 2003)– Dublin Core, VRA, DOI, MARBI, etc.

• Publicize “Strategic Plan”– JSC Web site: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/jsc/

Target 3 Add a Web-based version of rules

• Identify issues with AACR publishers in 2002-2003

• Resolve issues arising from advice and comments on requirements, functionality, etc.

• Co-publishers will conduct market research in 2003

FRBR Impact on Cataloging Rules

• Conceptual model of bibliographic universe• New vocabulary• Clarifies concepts• Renews focus on the objectives of a catalog

– Collocation of works and expressions

• Reinforces importance of controlled access– Relationships among bibliographic resources

and agents

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Physical -recording ofcontent

Intellectual/artistic content

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

FRBR Entity Levels

Work:

Expression:

Manifestation:

The Novel

Orig.Text

Transl. CriticalEdition

Paper PDF HTML

The Movie

Orig.Version

FRBR Entity Levels

Work:

Expression:

Manifestation:

The Novel

Orig.Text

Transl. CriticalEdition

The Movie

Orig.Version

Paper PDF HTML

Item: Copy 1Autographed

Copy 2

Family of works

Applications

• OCLC Research (to be published)– ~20% of works have more than 1 manifestation

• Classics of literature vs. scientific studies• Examples in the OCLC database

– Shakespeare’s Hamlet• 1 work, 2696 manifestations

– Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories)• 28 works, 300 manifestations

Collocation by Expressions

• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.– Books – Danish– Books – Dutch– Books – English– Books – French– Books – Spanish– Motion Pictures – English

Collocation by Expressions

• J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations – Performances: Glen Gould (1981)– Scores

IFLA Work – International Cataloguing Code

• 1960’s meetings of experts– Paris 1961 Paris Principles (access)

• (International Conference on Cataloguing Principles)

– Copenhagen 1969 ISBDs (description)• (International Meeting of Cataloging Experts)

• Changes– Online/Web catalogs, machine-readable records– FRBR concepts (1998)– Electronic and future “carriers” for information

IFLA Activities

• IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code – 2003, Frankfurt (European codes)– 2004, Buenos Aires (Central America, South

America)– 2006, Seoul, Korea (Asian codes)

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003

• Goals: increase ability to

share cataloguing worldwide

Promote content standards for bibliographic and authority records

• Objective:Get our codes closer

together– Examine European

cataloguing codes• Similarities

• Differences– Why different (cultural

variations?)

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003

• Commissioned papers on Web– Discussion within

countries and shared globally (April-June 2003)

• Presentations and working groups in Frankfurt (July 2003)– Limited to 50-60 participants –

invitation only

• Focus topics:– Names of persons– Names of corporate bodies– Uniform titles / GMDs– Seriality / when to make a

new record– Multilevel cataloging of

multiple works in multiple volumes

– Paris Principles: main and added entries

IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003

I F L A