AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
description
Transcript of AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
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How Risky is It? An assessment of the relative risk of engaging in potentially
unsafe driving behaviors
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AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
• Established in 1947
• 501 (c)(3) Not-For-Profit
• Research affiliate of AAA/CAA
• North American Focus
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Mission
• Identify traffic safety problems
• Foster research that seeks solutions
• Disseminate information and educational materials
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Funded through the generosity
of
and its members
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Published December 2006Published December 2006
Prepared by:Prepared by:
Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Transportation Transportation
InstituteInstitute
Available online at:Available online at:
www.aaafoundation.org
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Purpose of Study
• Perform additional analysis of data collected under previous 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study to investigate impacts of various behaviors on crash risk
• Behaviors studied:– speeding– drowsy driving– aggressive driving– distracted driving
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The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study
• $3 Million study sponsored by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Virginia DOT, and Virginia Tech
• Conducted by Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
• Collected unprecedented level of driving data pre-crash and normal driving behavior
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100-Car Study “Naturalistic” Approach
• Used in-vehicle camera and custom-built advanced “black box” to monitor drivers– 100 equipped vehicles– 12-13 months of data collection, no “experimenter”
present– Subjects not “coached,” instructed to drive “as usual”– Instrumentation was unobtrusive and inconspicuous to
other drivers, but not invisible– NHTSA-sponsored work indicates subjects’ driving
was uninfluenced by in-vehicle monitoring after the first few hours (out of 12-13 months)
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100-Car Study Equipment
Driver Face Camera
Forward Road Camera
“Black Box”
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100-Car Study Camera Views
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100-Car Study Camera Views
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100-Car Study Participants
• 109 primary drivers– Ages 18-68– 60% male, 40% female– Recruited in Washington DC & Northern VA– Range from “very safe” to “very unsafe”– Wide range of driving mileage– Drove on all road classes– Mostly urban & suburban driving, some rural– Drove sedans and SUVs– Also 132 secondary drivers
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100-Car Study Database Statistics
Captured data on:
• 42,300 hours and ~2 million miles of driving• 82 Crashes and collisions
– Defined as any contact between the subject vehicle and another vehicle, object, pedestrian, cyclist, or animal
• 761 Near crashes – Defined as a conflict situation requiring a rapid, severe evasive
maneuver to avoid a crash
• 8,295 Incidents– Conflict requiring an evasive maneuver, but of less magnitude
than a near crash
• 20,000 normal baseline driving epochs– To compare driver behavior during normal driving to behavior
leading up to crashes, near crashes, and incidents
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This Study
• Investigated the frequency with which drivers engage in various potentially risky behaviors during ordinary driving and immediately prior to crashes, near-crashes, and incidents
• Analyzed the impacts of various behaviors on the risk of being involved in a crash or near-crash
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Results – Frequency of Behaviors
BehaviorCrashes & Near-crashes
Baseline epochs
Inappropriate Speed
(faster than surrounding traffic)8.8% 2.6%
Drowsy 12.5% 4.3%
Aggressive Driving 17.6% 3.0%
Eyes Off Road
(longer than 2 seconds)24.5% 14.1%
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Results – Risk of Crash or Near Crash
Behavior Odds Ratio
Inappropriate Speed
(faster than surrounding traffic)
2.9 (95% CI: 1.7 – 4.8)
Drowsy 2.9 (95% CI: 2.0 – 4.3)
Aggressive Driving 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3 – 3.4)
Eyes Off Road
(longer than 2 seconds)1.9 (95% CI: 1.4 – 2.5)
Note: Odds of crash or near-crash with behavior present vs. absent; computed using logistic regression to control for other behaviors; odds ratio > 1 indicates increased risk
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Conclusions
• The odds of being involved in a crash are nearly tripled when driving while drowsy or driving faster than surrounding traffic.
• The odds of being involved in a crash are approximately doubled when driving aggressively or when looking away from the road for longer than 2 seconds.
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For more information on the 100-Car Study, please go to:
http://www.vtti.vt.edu and click on 100-Car Study
Or go to:
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-13/newDriverDistraction.html
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For more information about this study sponsored by the AAA
Foundation for Traffic Safety,
please go to:
www.aaafoundation.org
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The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety is a 501(c)(3) public charity located in Washington, DC that is dedicated to saving lives and reducing injuries.
It is supported by donations from AAA/CAA Clubs, AAA/CAA members, and other organizations associated with AAA/CAA.