SCUNTHORPE AND THE SOUTH YORKSHIRE INDUSTRIAL REGION BASED ON SHEFFIELD AND THE DON VALLEY

COKING COAL FROM THE YORKSHIRE COALFIELD WASTHE BASIS FOR INDUSTRIALISATIONIN THIS REGIONSTEELMAKING, ENGINEERING

LOW GRADE IRON ORE, FRODINGHAM IRONSTONE FRON SCUNTHORPE OPEN CAST MINES

MORE RECENTLY IMPORTED HIGH GRADE IRON ORE FROM USA AND AFRICA TO IMMINGHAM DEEP WATER TERMINAL

ECONOMIES OF SCALE,LARGE INTEGRATED WORKS AND ENGINEERING

CUMULATIVE CAUSATIONMULTIPLIER EFFECTAGGLOMERATIONLINKAGESINDUSTRIAL INERTIA

FIXED CAPITALSOCIAL CAPITALSKILLED LABOUR

GOVERNMENT ACTION GRANTS AND INCENTIVES OF DEVEOPMENT AREA POLICY AND ENTERPRISE ZONES

DECLINE OF INDUSTRIAL REGIONSDECLINE OF SMOKESTACK INDUSTRIESDECLINE OF MANUFACTURING IN UKDE-INDUSTRIALISATIONDECONCENTRATION / DECENTRALISATIONLOSS OF COALFIELD AND INNER CITY INDUSTRY

DISINCENTIVES / DISECONOMIES OF AGGLOMERATION, LOCAL FACTORS

OLD FORMS OF TRANSPORT, RAIL AND WATERWAYSDERELICTION AND LACK OF INVESTMENTCRAMPED, OUTDATED, USING OLD POWER SOURCESCONGESTION, POLLUTIONUNSKILLED, UNDER-EDUCATED WORKFORCEHIGH LAND VALUES

AGG / CC / ME IN REVERSE AS INDUSTRIES LEAVE OR CLOSE

FACTORS RELATING TO THE WIDER WORLD

New International Division of Labour NIDLSECTORAL SHIFT / TERTIARISATIONNIC’sTNC’SLOW COST PRODUCERSFALLING DEMAND FOR COAL, STEEL AND ENGINEERING PRODUCTS

AGGLOMERATION

CUMULATIVE CAUSATION

MULTIPLER EFFECT

ARE THE SAME THINGNEVER MENTION ONE WITHOUT THE OTHERS

M ULTIPLIES POPULATION AND JOBS

U PWARD SPIRAL

L INKS

T RANSPORT

I NFRASTRUCTURE

P RODUCTION INCREASES

L ABOUR, SKILLED AND EDUCATED

I NERTIA

E MPLOYMENT

R EQUIREMENT FOR PARTS AND TOOLS

C APITAL INPUTA AGGLOMERATIONU PWARD TRENDSS KILLED LABOURA FFLUENT MARKETT TRANSPORTI NFRASTRUCTUREO THER INDSUTRIESN EW GROWTH POLE

FOOTLOOSE INDUSTRYEDGE OF CITYSUNRISEHIGH-TECHINDUSTRIAL ESTATES / SCIENCE PARKSM4 CORRIDOR

TRANSPORT ORIENTATED, MOTORWAY LOCATION FOR HIGH VALUE , LOW BULK MATERIALS AND GOODS

INDUSTRIAL ESTATES, LIGHT, HIGH TECH INDUSTRY, BUSINESS PARKS, SCIENCE PARKS, RETAIL PARKS AND TERTIARISATION

NEW ADVANTAGES OF AGGLOMERATION, CC, ME AND LINKAGES

LINKS TO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DEPARTMENTSGOVERNMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

LINKS TO AIRPORTS, EG HEATHROW NEAR M4 CORRIDOR

SKILLED EDUCATED WORKFORCE

CLOSE TO LARGE AFFLUENT LONDON AND SE MARKET

CLOSE TO THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN CORE