A2 Media Coursework Evaluation by James Christmas

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    Theatricalposter for

    Super Size Me

    Title cards forSuspect Nation,

    Modern Spies andEvery Step You

    Take

    A2 MEDIA COURSEWORK EVALUATIONby JAMES CHRISTMAS

    THE BRIEF

    For our A2 media coursework, we were told that in groups we wouldmake a the opening five minutes to a fictional hour-long episode ofa new fictional documentary, to be aired on a British televisionchannel of our choice, as well as it being of a target audience of ourchoice, but predominantly a topic of our choice.To add to this, our ancillary tasks were to create an accompanyingradio trail to advertise the documentary on, and a double pagespread promoting and relating to the documentary (in an already-

    existing TV magazine).

    QUESTION ONE:

    In what ways does your media product use, develop or

    challenge forms and conventions of real media

    products?

    THE DOCUMENTARYTo begin with, and to understand the various categories, we gainedinitial research from watching examples of existing documentaries,primarily Morgan Spurlocks Super Size Me. Through doing this, we

    discovered that documentaries fall into differentcategories such as investigative, social,educational, cultural and commemorative. LikeSuper Size Me, and a majority of existing televisiondocumentaries, we decided that ours would be aninvestigative documentary, to give the viewers an

    insight into current subtleties not covered intoeveryday life. Here we decided that the topic wouldbe on CCTV and how our country is being watchedby the authorities of Britain. I would say that themain purpose of the outcome of our documentary isto reflect on the opinions of society by havingmillions of these devices around the country.

    We later looked into other documentaries whichrelate to this topic of surveillance and CCTV such asSuspect Nation, The Conspiracy Theory, Modern

    Spies and the trailer for Every Step You Take, which led us more in

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    the direction of what type of documentary we would want. Likewisethese documentaries are investigative.

    We also began by looking at the codes and conventions ofdocumentaries and how they are conveyed in Bill Nichols theory of

    documentary modes from 2001 as we discovered our documentarywas mainly expository mode as it investigates research into aspecific element of our society and displays this knowledge. Wherea poetic mode documentary would only focus on the mood of theresearch, primarily visually, rather than the content provided.Super Size Me however is an example of performative mode asfilmmaker and presenter; Spurlock engages with the investigationby conducting an experiment on him to physically explore the sideaffects of what is being researched.

    Many documentary codes and conventions have been followed inour documentary by the use of camera as it is vital to visuallycapture the content of the investigation in out documentary. Forexample we have used a variety of framing or shot lengths such as;

    Long shots, to give the audience a full clear view of a person, placeor object. In this case it was useful for shots of traffic passing by asthe voice-over mentions about the use of cameras on publictransport.

    Medium close-ups/close-ups, usually used for the head andshoulders of a persons face, or just the face alone, was used forCCTV cameras, in action, as they are the main focus of ourdocumentary.

    Panning is used to give a full view of an environment, as ifsomeone was stood in one position and rotates to observe theirsurrounding. In this case we used these transitions to observe thenatural environment of the sixth form college, which is unaware ofbeing watched on CCTV. However it was also used to observe the

    surroundings of a solicitors firm, where an expert is interviews,which leads into its establishing shot. Essentially establishingshots are long-shots of the outside or a faade of a building as theyare used to state where the action is for a brief moment before ajump cut to indoors, where the action is.

    Most appropriately for our documentary, we used tilts whichbecome low-angle shots, to capture someone or something thatwould be intimidating to the persons point of view, in our case forthe CCTV cameras, they are both physically high above us, and act

    as a way to intimidate us, making us vulnerable.

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    For our three expert interviews, we positioned the camera and theinterviewees at a midshot according the rule of thirds, meaning thattheir eye lines are roughly level at about a third of the screen downfrom the top. Interviewees are commonly positioned with their eyelines towards the interviewer, hence not looking directly at the

    camera but they appear to be facing them at approximately 45degree angle. If the interviewee is facing towards the left of thescreen, then horizontally, their eye lines are two thirds from the leftof the screen, but if they are facing towards the right of the screenthen they are only one third from the left of the screen. Ideally it isconventional for interviewees to be facing toward dead space orthe two thirds where the interviewee does not take up any room,leaving it blank. This same principle also applies with our voxpopsyet as we have little time to set up a mobile camera and askpedestrians to remain in a single spot, this convention maysometimes be broken.

    For our expert interviews, we found it important that it was clear of

    what they represent and how they contribute to the topic of CCTV.Mis-en-scene allows us to use location to indicate what career theexpert uses, for example a sociology teacher was filmed in a classroom with a whiteboard behind her. The principle of the collegeshows in the dead space behind him a number of folders on a shelfto imply organization. The injury solicitor however shows himself infront of a sign which advertises his company, to remind the viewerof what he does with a number of folders of different clients on hisdesk.

    For the majority of camera shots, a tripod was used to keep thecamera stable and avoid shaking, to remain the subject matter as

    Super Size Meexperts

    Our documentaryexperts

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    serious and less difficult for the viewer to concentrate. It alsoremains to be formal; as if we used a hand-held camera it would beless formal to the audience.

    Sound also plays a huge part in the creation of this documentary, as

    a presenter is used to narrate a large portion of the investigationinto CCTV; however they are not shown addressing audience via thecamera. To keep the topic of the documentary serious and avoiddistraction from the narration and interviews, we have not usedhyperbolic sounds (such as cartoony noises) and lack non-diegeticnoises. However is used in the opening of documentary, using thenon-copyrighted music from Garage Band to add suspense and toimmediately convey an intimidating theme for the topic of aninvasive device such as CCTV.

    The main purposes of special effects in our documentary were usedto consolidate the facts and hopefully the understanding of theaudiences knowledge. An example of this is the use of a diagram ofa British map as the narrator reads the statistic that there are35,00 CCTV cameras in the UK and multiple number of cameraspop up in randomly places. This is used to emphasize the incrediblylarge number of CCTV cameras and give a visualization of that theyare all over the UK, in the same way an illustration wouldaccompany words in a book.

    Special effects and editing alsoallowed us to create captions ontop of the camera, such as toaccompany a quote from a sourcetelling the audience a relevantfact about CCTV. The use ofblurring however also becameuseful as it made the text appear

    clearer and the background would not distract the audience from

    the text.

    A screenshot showing a diagram of our documentary (left), like a diagram shows a statistic byvarious people popping appearing in various colours in Super Size Me (right)

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    Other text weincluded was thetitle card of thedocumentary, asinspired by the title

    card and transitionofSuspect Nation. We used the same effect to imply a it was beingtyped out by somebody, in a style as if somebody was sitting at acomputer operating a CCTV camera, on top of a static fuzz, to givethe text a blank canvas and give the effect of a CCTV piece offootage is just about to start.

    THE DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD

    The purpose of our double page spread was to provide a smallamount of subsidiary information to promote our documentary, soapart from physically stating in the text what it is, aesthetically ithad to look relatable to the documentary and to the topic of CCTV.

    We decided that it would be placed in a copy of Radio Times; one ofBritains most read TV listings magazines, so it would appeal to alarge amount of readers and promote the documentary to morepeople. Radio Times also reaches out to a more formal audience,

    which would suit a serious topic like the arguments for and againstCCTV, as we discovered many other, less formal TV guides tend tofocus more on soaps, dramas and unserious programs.

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    Like previous RadioTimes articles, theirstyle was to keepcolours quiteminimal, chieflyhaving a whitebackground withblack main copy(article text). Thisalso worked well inusing the topic ofCCTV as it is aserious topic, inwhich in some ways

    the black and white would reflect a colorless screen capturing CCTVfootage, hence creating a dull yet an intriguing effect.

    In common with Radio Times articles, the formality is shown byusing serif font. This is used as well in the masthead, on top of its

    photographs, using a shadow underneath to stand out. Or mastheadwe decided to use as Britains eyes in the skies as they aredesigned to be catchy, usually as alliteration, puns or in this case alittle rhyme and a nickname given to CCTV cameras.

    The main article follows the rule of thirds in terms of thepositioning of the main photographs and the text, but has beendivided into three columns in order to make it easier to read shortlines, rather then lengthy ones causing the reader to loose theirplace and get confused by the text.

    So that the reader would know where to start reading atsignificant parts of the article, drop caps have beenplaces to properly indicate where an article would start.

    Common features in articles also include page numbers in thecorners so it is easier for the reader to navigate, as well a reminderof the publication of the magazine, being the magazine logo anddates of publication.

    In articles that relate to TV programs, thescheduling details, including channel, date

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    and time are usually presented separately from the article, in thiscase, we use a box and change to a less formal font to stand out sothe reader knows when and what channel to watch out for.

    The photographs were used to convey the theme and topic of CCTV,

    such one of the main images being a split screen, commonlyoverseen by people controlling CCTV which also features in thedocumentary. Two photo however are placed on the other side butin slanted positions to give a small bit of informality, one evenlooking like a poloraid which could relate to the idea of crime andwhether or not CCTV controlling us could be seen as a crime or not.One photo is a panoramic view of a typical building, monitored byCCTV, so the panoramic effect could relate to a CCTV camerarevolving and keeping its eye on the entire environment. Anotherphoto shows examples of CCTV cameras, again from a low-angleshot to intimidate the public. Another photo shows a typical signthat you would find on a warning the passers-by that they are beingmonitored 24/7, again shot from a slightly low angle to intimidatethem, on a typical brick wall that could be anywhere. A final photo isanother photo of a CCTV camera, however this one has been editedso the text from the article can wrap around it, almost as if itssticking out of the page and in a sense, breaking the fourth wall,so the reader could be under the slight impression that CCTVcamera could be watching them right as they read the article.

    Despite using these in our double page spread, I regret that we had

    missed out some things to enhance the double page spread whichare commonly used such as the use of captions to describe what thephotographs are and how they link to the article. Also the use of pullquotes would have especially enhanced our article as they wouldhighlight key factors that our interviewees say in the article.

    THE RADIO TRAILER

    For the radio trailer of the documentary, we needed to use achannel that would reach a large audience as it would be

    broadcasted on Channel 4. As the BBC is publicly funded and doesnot advertise, it would not have been able to be broadcast on there,so we decided that commercial radio stations such as Capital FMand Free Radio would be more ideal.

    After listening to previous existing trailers, wenoticed that they commonly use manysignificant voice clips from the documentary,with little amount of voiceover, apart from thescheduling details at the end of the trailer. Forour radio trailer we decided to use the same

    music from Garage Band used in thedocumentary to add suspense and create a build-up to hook the

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    listeners attention. As our documentary investigates the argumentsfor and against CCTV, we used included many of the voxpops fromthe public who give their opinion and edited those opinions createan over-lapping effect. By doing this it give a mysterious techniqueto imply that there are many opinions surrounding the topic, more

    perhaps than the listener can handle so can only catch glimpses ofwhat theyre saying, hence creating suspense and wanting to watchthe documentary to fully understand the opinions of CCTV. The trailends with a male voice over which contrasts to the female voiceover in the documentary, to create a dominant and intimidatingtone supporting the topic of CCTV, quoting the name of thedocumentary as well as weekday, time and channel.

    QUESTION TWO:

    How effective is the combination of your main product

    and ancillary tasks?

    The main purposes of our ancillary tasks, the double page spreadand the radio trailer were to promote our television documentary(through an article on the double page spread) and advertise it(through the radio trailer). Because these had important roles to thedocumentary it was important that these ancillary tasks would workwell together and related to the main product, the documentary.

    TARGET AUDIENCE

    We set out for our documentary to be aimed for an adult audience,with the age range being from 24 to 50. The reason for this wasbecause people at this age would begin to develop an opinion aboutthe state of the country that they live and work in which would beneeded to surround a controversial topic like CCTV and theargument whether it is right or wrong. It also allows room for debateso they can share or oppose their thoughts on the topic. 24 we

    considered to be the start of adulthood as many people are usuallyjust starting work after leaving University, or already spent a goodfew years in work. We chose 50 to be the age range as theprogramme would still investigate crime which would be moreimpressive to the views younger than 50, but not older. Also 50means that the documentary and its debates would be more maturethan if they were completely aimed for younger viewers.

    Demographically we chose that religion; race, gender or disabilitywould not be an issue to the viewers so everyone in this age rangewould be able to watch it without confusion about the topic or how it

    is presented on television. The age range itself is not a strict finiteguideline which could possibly be extended to teenagers who

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    prematurely have opinions and feelings about the CCTV debate andcare about the state of the country. Likewise it can be extendedtowards pensioners who still have feelings for the state of thecountry, but may feel slightly alien to the idea of technologydevices, something they may have lacked in their day.

    In terms of social class, we decided that it would be aimed for B, C1and C2 area as they would be working citizens who would be morelikely to be more outgoing and walking down the street, so wouldhave a more valuable opinion regarding CCTV monitoring them inpublic areas.

    In terms of scheduling to suit our target audience, we decided thatChannel 4 would be a better channel as the content which they air isusually deemed as formal, with some elements relatable to youngeraudiences. For example we didnt think that the BBC would suit thedocumentary as the content in which they air is formal, but wouldonly appeal to a mature audience, while ITV airs less formalprograms such as soaps, game shows, and talent competitions toappeal for the whole family and the less mature audiences. HenceChannel 4 would remain the documentary to stay on a mainstreamchannel where everyone would watch it, but would remain formalenough to explore a serious topic, while in some areas the youngerviewers would still feel comfortable to watch.

    THE DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD

    For the double page spread, we had to make the visual imagesrelatable to what is seen on the documentary and to the topic, whilethe text also had to be relatable. In terms of why we picked RadioTimes, is because it is usually aimed for a more mature audience asif focuses on a larger variety of television programmes while theless formal guides such as TV Listings highly focus on soaps andfictional programs. The buyers of Radio Times are usually peoplefrom the B or C1 social class as they can afford to purchase themmore, roughly the same social class as the target audience for thedocumentary.

    The double page spread includes photographs of various things thatrelate to CCTV such as cameras, and things that are seen on thedocumentary such as panoramic views of the college which is alsofeatured in the documentary and mentioned about in the article.The article consist of research into the use of CCTV and includessmall quotes from the documentary, such as with Paul Ashdown,mentioning how CCTV is operated in his college, and also consist ofquotes which would have been from the full hour of thedocumentary, such as extended discoveries from policemen,

    lawyers and sociologists.

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    THE RADIO TRAILER

    For the radio trailer, we decided to broadcast it on stations such asCapital FM. The main reasons being that it would reach to a largeportion of the country, as they are regional stations, but are covered

    all over the UK. They also have large numbers of listeners as theyplay contemporary music, meaning they would attract a largeportion of younger audience members in the early twenties range.

    The radio trail consists of many audio clips taken directly from thedocumentary as one of the main purposes of it is to show thegeneral feelings from normal public members of CCTV andsurveillance. The reason why we use a large number of them andcreating them to overlap gives a sinister surrounding feeling as ifthe voices are appearing from many various places to show a huge

    variety of peoples voices. BY having this, it would attract thelistener and grab their attention for if they would like to investigatewithin a controversial debate.

    QUESTION THREE:What have you learnt from your audience feedback?

    To gain research and planning for ourdocumentary we decided to hand outquestionnaires to a small sample ofpeople to observe what they wouldexpect from a conventional televisiondocumentary to members of the publicwithin range of our target audience. So to

    gain audience feedback for all three ofour products, our documentary, radiotrailer and double page spread, wehanded out more questionannnaires to asample group who had seen them.

    THE DOCUMENTARTY

    In terms of sound in our documentary weasked our sample group, how consistent the sound levels are. On anscale of one (being the least consistent) to ten (being the most

    consistent) we were awarded an average of6.5, proving to be notas successful as wed have hoped, as while viewing there may have

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    Does the voiceover drown the music out?

    53%

    47% Yes

    No

    been a need to turn the volume of the device playing thedocumentary up and down at various points of the documentary.However we discovered that 100% of the participants believed thatthe music we used suited the genre of the topic, yet 53% had feltthat the music had drowned out the voiceover, again meaning a

    sound levels would had to have been adjusted to understand thevoiceover as it is crucial to the information in the documentary.

    However our final question on the questionnaire shows us that on a scaleof one to ten, we were awarded an average of 7.6 which I find a greatresult, but clearly shows that there could have been room for

    improvement, and as precisely discovered, the adjustment of sound levelsneeded to be fixed.

    THE RADIO TRAILER

    For our radio trailer we asked our group of peers their opinion on the radiotrailer and questions such as Does the Radio Trailer make you want towatch the documentary? which excellently was awarded 11 yess withonly 3 nos and 2 maybes, which implied that many of them thoughtthe radio trailer worked in attracting them to the documentary, howeverthe 2 maybes would imply that they could possibly show an interest in the

    documentary being the minority of the group.

    However one disappointing result was when we asked if the voices in theradio trail are easy enough to hear and understand. As it shows in the piechart below it was a mixed reaction as more people had said no instead ofyes, implying that sound levels would have had to be adjusted to be mademore clearly.

    Does the Radio Trailer make you want to watch

    the documentary?

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    12

    Yes No Maybe

    Are the voices easy enough to hear and understand?

    Yes

    No

    Both in differentareas

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    THE DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD

    Surprisingly we were extremely delighted with the feedback on ourdouble page spread as we received 100% when asked questionssuch as would it be similar to an existing Radio Times article?,are the pictures relevant to the topic of CCTV? and would thearticle grab your attention when flicking through? To our delight

    and surprise all surveys had left the box in which improvementscould be suggested blank, which made us feel completely satisfiedwith the double page spread, awarding us an outstandingaverage of 9 out of 10 when asked do you feel that the doublepage spread lists the information from the documentarysuccessful?.

    So overall I think we have had quite a mixed reaction to our threeproducts, with most disappointing results coming from the soundlevels in both the documentary and the radio trailer which wouldhave needed to be adjusted.However in terms of actual content and how well we show theimpact of CCTV in the three products received impressive results,

    and especially the double page spread gained many greatresponses.

    QUESTION FOUR:

    How did you use media technologies in the construction,

    and research, planning and evaluation stages?

    RESEARCH

    On a scale of 1 to 10 do you feel that the double page spread

    lists the information from the documentart successfully?

    Awarded 10

    Awarded 9

    Awarded 8

    Awarded 7

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    Media technologies were used in great amounts as we researchedinto the topic, particularly to gain content and knowledge ourselveson CCTV. We initially used a search engine to find the relevantinformation, which was Google. By searching relevant words relatingto CCTV this then lead us to various websites on the World Wide

    Web to provide us with facts, statistics and helped play amassive part in us understanding CCTV. The websites wefound included related articles on news websites such asthe Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Telegraph and BBC News.

    Not just to research information, butthese websites gave us examples ofwhere CCTV has or has not been usefuland stories relating to surveillance.

    Also to research into other existingdocumentaries, and to gain

    inspiration from, websites featuring a wide variety of videossuch as YouTube, BBCiPlayer, ITV Player, and 4oD all cameextremely useful to us as it allowed us to be able to watch adocumentary at any given time, and watch only certain partsthat were relevant.

    The information we had researched was then converted ontoMicrosoft Word documents to preserve them and keep themneat, which then we put onto our blog as it is a vital part of

    presenting our progress. To make these documents visible andpresentable on the blog however, we used Scribd to convertthem into blog-friendly links. Word documents which helped forthe research included conventiongrids of existing documentaries toidentify the codes and conventions,viewed from video websites, aspreviously mentioned.

    However, when we had pieces of work which could not be convertedinto word documents, we used the scanner at college to scan in

    documents which were hand-written or drawn, such as our markedversions of our Super Size Me essays, completed for research.

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    PLANNINGOne of the first things we did when started planning was decidingwhat ideas we had for documentary topic, which eventually becamethe topic of CCTV. To preserve these ideas we used Microsoft Powerpoint to create a brainstorm which was converted into a JPEG to puton the blog as it only had one slide. We also created

    another PowerPointwhich went into furtherdetail about whatwe intended tomake in thedocumentary, i.e.target audience,documentarymodes and style,but as this

    PowerPoint used more than one slide, we usedSlideshare in order to make it blog-friendly.

    We had also immediately decided which experts we hadto interview, who could relate to the topic of CCTV, so we

    needed ways of communication. As they were local and easier tocontact, we used our colleges own messaging service, Tyber, tocommunicate to some of the members of staff who we thoughtwould be helpful to us, such as the principle, sociology teachers,front gate security and caretakers. We print screened their repliesas JPEGs which featured on the blog.

    For ways of contacting experts outside of college however, we usedthe internet email service, Hotmail to communicate professionalssuch lawyers or policemen.

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    Not only did we use Hotmail to ask professionals to arrangeinterview times, but we used it to send each other work in theabsence of USB sticks, some of these being the story board plansand filming schedules which were initiallyhand drawn andonce againscanned in asJPEGs to be put onthe blog.

    A new media technology in which we wereintroduced to was Prezi, another way inembedding presentations, but made themmore aesthetic and easier to zoom into and

    jump from one page to another. Weused this for our Risk

    Assessment, adocument filled into toconsolidate our understanding of using the

    equipment safely.

    CONSTRUCTION

    To record our documentary, we used thecolleges own cameras, the Canon HG20. Itwas light and very easy to carry andfunctioning it to record and zoom weextremely simple to master. As this aloneonly captured visual footage, we needed amicrophone to connect it record audio, aswell as a pair of headphones to listen to as

    footage was recorded. These were easy to connect to the cameraand straight forward but required more than one person to carry.

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    To position the cam recorders we were also given tripods to placethem on top of, by securely fixing them in by using a screw and aspirit level to make sure that the camera would not be slanted whenshot. These tripods were heavy to carry so it would have beenimpossible for one person just to carry it with any other equipment,but were simple enough to extract onto virtually any form of ground,whether it was indoors or outdoors. They were also extremely lightand easy to move to make the camera pan around by pushing a rodaround.

    When we had completed filming we carefully brought the equipmentback and connected the camera to the Apple Mac computers so wecould store them in our folders and work on to edit.

    We edited both the documentary and theradio trail on Final Cut Express. Thisprogrammes allowed us to see the audio andvisual clip on a timeline, where we could addmore clips or cut down the existing ones. Wewere also able to move them around indifferent positions as well as add in specialeffects such as text captions, fades and theuse of images to crop up as we used in ourmap of Great Britain with various CCTV

    cameras appearing.

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    We used Garage Band to add in sound effects and bring them intoour Final Cut Express file so we could add in repetitive music andsound effects, as Final Cut Express did not provide these. We alsoused Final Cut Express for our Radio Trailer, in which we used thesame music as the music featured in the documentary, while

    various sound clips of Voxpops giving their opinions on CCTV weremade to be overlapped togive a surrounding soundeffect, with multiple voices.

    Our double page spread was made by using InDesign, a documentwhere we could position and edit texts and images to create thearticle. We were able to add effects such as drop shadows and dropcaptions; however we used Adobe Photoshop to be able to cutaround the image of the camera which would allow us to wrap thetext around it.

    The final media technologies we had used were the useof uploading our final pieces. YouTube helped massivelyto upload our documentary and was made public toview on any computer with internet as a professionalfinal video. Once again this was made able to view onthe blog using and embedded code link.

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    Sound Cloud was also used in the same way as YouTube but for ourRadio Trail. Again it made it easily accessible for different variouscomputers as well being embedded as a link on the blog.