A10.Recession.03Jun
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Transcript of A10.Recession.03Jun
8/6/2019 A10.Recession.03Jun
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Introduction:
Recession the hottest topic in the global economy has a serious impact on Ireland as
well. The Government of Ireland has announced that the economy was in recession stage in
September 2008. The following months after the official announcement, unemployment chart
was rising rapidly. In the entire European Union the first country to get effected by recession
is Ireland. The recession which occurred at this period is also known as double-dip recession.
In January 2009 the people claiming unemployment benefit has almost reached 326,000. Till
2007 the economy of Irish was so good, but everything was change when global financial
crisis hit the world, Irish republic is being hit worse by recession in the period of 2010.
In this report we will be briefly describing what recession is and what all the factors
that explains a country is in recession and the double-dip recession is also explained which
Ireland encountered in the second quarter of 2010. Various factors affecting the recession are
also discussed in short. The Keynesian style stimulus package and factors involved in that
package which affects the economy of Ireland are discussed. The most important tool for managing the aggregate demand is monetary policy and it has been researched how it affects
the economy of Ireland.
Successful operation of monetary policy depends on the financial markets of the Irish
economy, since the economy of Ireland is in the period of recession it is necessary for the
monetary policy to be successful by boosting the financial market which in turn increase the
number of opportunities and unemployment rate will get reduced helping to recovering from
recession.
Double-dip Recession:When the GDP of the country showed a growth sliding towards the negative side after
a small period of time or a quarter of financial year which was in the positive, then such type
of recession is called Double-dip recession.
Recession:
The recession can be explained in more economical way as the contraction of the
global business cycle. The factors of an economy which are affected due to recession are
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) will go down, unemployment will be very high at this period
of time, there will less spending overall, business profits will have a negative value in the
chart during the period of recession, inflation rate will fall down as well. The two main
reasons for the cause of recession are 1) Adverse supply shock and 2) A crack in the
employment bubble. A recession can be identified by looking at the GDP of the country, and
the double-dip recession can be identified if the GDP is plotted in a graph and if there are 2
negative GDP with some periods of positive GDP in between. The graph below shows the
double-dip recession.
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Figure 1: GDP and GNP of Ireland where a double-dip recession can be noted. [Ref]
GDP and GNP of Ireland:
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product and GNP stands for Gross National Product.
The economy of a country whether it is positive or negative can be determined by
using the values in GDP of that country. As mentioned in the above sections GDP of a
country is used to determine whether the economy is in recession or not. It is mathematically
the total value of a country¶s production of goods and service in dollars. Understanding of the
GDP value is as important because if someone says GDP is % higher or lower then value is
calculated by comparing with the previous year GDP.
GNP of a country is the market value of all the goods and services produced in a year by the residents of that country. It differs from GDP because, the market value of goods and
services of a particular geographical location is taken and GNP it is taken from ownership
and public.
Ireland is the first country of European Union to fall under recession. The government
announced in September 2010 that the economy of the country is under period of recession.
This announcement is made after properly evaluating the GDP values and GNP values of
Ireland. Technically it is proven that Ireland is jumping out from recession in the 1st
quarter
of 2010 by showing a rise in the GDP by 2.2%, but the behaviour of any economy is
unpredictable as it is the case with the economy of Ireland where the GDP has fallen by 1.2%
in the second quarter of 2010. This confirmed that the economy was not overcoming fromrecession, but it is falling further deep into recession. As GNP values do not include profit
obtained globally, those values will be saying the exact economic situation of a particular
country. The GNP value of Irish economy is also showing a downward rise by 0.3%
compared to first quarter. Evaluating all these values it forces to come to decision that the
Irish economy is under a period of recession. The figure gives a clear idea of how the GDP
and GNP of the Irish economy behave in many quarters,
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Figure 2: GDP and GNP of Irish Economy which proved it is under recession [Ref ]
K eynesian Style Stimulus Package:
John Maynard Keynes an English Economist first had the ideas which were the
backbone of Keynesian Theory which is based on macroeconomic theory. This type of
stimulus is used to boost any of the sectors which influence the economy of that country in
the period of recession, by stimulating such sectors will boost the income and more
opportunities of jobs. This package mainly focuses on stimulating the sectors of aggregate
demand, and it is designed in a way that it will manage the growth rate of aggregate demand.
This stimulus package is mainly formed of four policies which are parts of aggregate
demand and when these factors are boosted well in the economy, they are
Monetary Policies
Exchange Rate Policy
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Fiscal Policy
Deflationary policy
Provided the AS/AD model the economy of Irish is responding appropriately. This
model is one type of macroeconomic model that boost the price level and output. Such
boosting is explained with the relationship of aggregate supply and aggregate demand. The business cycle model by Keynesian can be demonstrated by AS/AD model.
Aggregate supply/demand graph
The events which can shift the curve to the right for the aggregate demand are
increase in consumer spending, intended inventory investment, government spending in
goods and services, transfer of payments to the people from the government, purchases of the
country¶s exports and decrease in the tax collected, imports from other countries. Shifting in
aggregate supply are decrease in wage hourly rates, increasing the capital stock and a
progress in the knowledge of transforming capital and labour into output effectively and also
an increase in population will help the curve shifted to right. When both aggregate demand
and supply curve are shifted to the right from the current position it refers to increase in the
GDP of the economy and also the price will go down.
Monetary Policy:
In this policy the three factors are mainly focused for their growth, three factors are
aggregate demand, money supply and price inflation. The researcher has selected growth of aggregate demand by changing the base rate of the interest. It is believed to be the most
powerful policy and weapon for the economy boost. Exchange rates are other area which has
small implications of the monetary policy. One of the main reasons for the recession in Irish
economy is unemployment and if that is the case the monetary policy can be effectively used
to deal with this type of macroeconomic problem, by lowering the interest rates through
monetary policy will stimulate the Irish economy.
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The ultimate objective of this policy is stabilising the domestic prices which includes
exchange rate as well and the secondary objectives of this policy are level of external
reserves, exchange rates, and money market interest rates.
Aggregat e Expenditure:
The measure of national income is what aggregate expenditure. It is used to measure
the future direction of GDP of any economy. The factors involved in aggregate expenditure
are consumption expenditure, planned/unplanned investment, government spending, and net
exports.
While executing the monetary policy the factors of aggregate expenditure will also get
affected. Since the monetary policy is the variation of interest rates, it will affect the
government spending and net exports directly. The effect on investment and expenditure due
to the variation in interest rates is indirect.
Conclusion:
The recession period during the second quarter of 2010 had an adverse effect on the
economy of the Ireland. This recession period is referred ads double-dip recession because
the first quarter of 2010 there is a rise in GDP after the recession attacks during 2008 and
economist thought the period of recession is ending, but shockingly the second quarter
showed a fall in GDP by 1.2% which indicated the period of recession is getting extended.
Many measures and policies are implemented in order to overcome form this economic crisis.
Among various planning for boosting the economy, a stimulus package named Keynesian
style is introduced by the union understanding the failure of austerity budgets. Various
models have been discussed which helped in the formation of the Keynesian style stimulus
package. Aggregate demand is one of the factors of the policy where when properly varying
the parameters there will be a rise in the economy of the Ireland. Monetary policy which is
one among the policy where it is used for inflating the price value, money value and
aggregate demand which will increase the money spend and in turn the GDP is also
increased. On researching on various causes of economic recession, unemployment stands
out as the main reason for recession, which can be overcome by using the monetary policy to
reduce the interest rates and this increase the government spending on new projects and
opportunities rise and so unemployment rate slowly decreases.
References: