A04A04

7.9.117.9.11

THE ROAD TO THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

1756-17751756-1775Mr. LongMr. Long

Anderson High SchoolAnderson High School

Cincinnati, OhioCincinnati, Ohio

TWO | REVOLUTIONARY AMERICATWO | REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA

4 | ROAD TO REVOLUTION, 1754-1775 (Ch 4)

A. Relationship with Britain

B. The French and Indian War

C. The Imperial Crisis and resistance to Britain

D. Philosophy of the American Revolution

5 | THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775-1787 (Ch 5)

6 | THE NEW REPUBLIC, 1787-1800 (Ch 6)

Key QuestionsKey QuestionsIn 1755, although British North American colonists had areas of disagreement with the British government, most were proud citizens of the British Empire. Yet, within 20 years, the colonies were in open

rebellion against Britain.

In what ways did the French and Indian In what ways did the French and Indian War alter the political, economic and War alter the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies? its American colonies?

What were the causes of the American What were the causes of the American Revolution?Revolution?

Relationship with BritainRelationship with Britain1. “Salutary Neglect”

2. Tradition of Self-Rule Role of Colonial Legislatures “Whig” political ideas: representation, virtue

3. Colonial Officials

4. Colonial Religious Ideas Religious dissenters Great Awakening

5. Loyalty – to Britain? Other colonies?

FRENCH & FRENCH & INDIAN WARINDIAN WAR

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR:FRENCH & INDIAN WAR:Broader SignificanceBroader Significance

Changed forever: Balance of power in North America Relationship between Indians and

Europeans Relationship between Britain and

its North American colonies

North North America America in 1754in 1754

European European Spheres of Spheres of Influence, 1754Influence, 1754

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR: FRENCH & INDIAN WAR: CausesCauses

History of Anglo-French Conflicts Immediate cause? (after 1749)

1754 - Fort Necessity Geo. Washington

1755 – Fort Duquesne

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Drills & tough discipline. Drills & tough discipline. Unquestioned obedience.Unquestioned obedience.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

British-American Colonial British-American Colonial TensionsTensions

British-American Colonial British-American Colonial TensionsTensionsColonialsColonials

Anglo-American Conquest of New France, Anglo-American Conquest of New France, 1754-17601754-1760

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR:FRENCH & INDIAN WAR:Peace of ParisPeace of Paris (1763)(1763)

1. France transferred Canada and all land east of Mississippi River (Ohio Valley) to Britain

2. France ceded New Orleans and all claims west of Mississippi River to Spain (Spain cedes Florida to Britain)

3. France granted some Caribbean lslands and all interests in India to Britain

Note: What did France keep in N. America?

North North America America after after 17631763

Britain's American Empire Britain's American Empire in 1763 in 1763 Britain’s Britain’s

American American Empire, 1763Empire, 1763

IMPERIAIMPERIAL CRISISL CRISIS

RESULTS OF THE WAR: RESULTS OF THE WAR: Imperial Crisis for BritainImperial Crisis for Britain

1. Greatly larger colonial empire in North America

2. Huge war debt

3. Resentment toward colonists

Need for reorganization of American empire

George III (ruled 1760-1820) King George IIIKing George III

1.1. It united them against a It united them against a common enemy for the first time.common enemy for the first time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the colonials experience for all the colonials who participated.who participated.3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings towards the British that would towards the British that would only intensify.only intensify.

Effects of the War on the Effects of the War on the American ColonialsAmerican Colonials

Effects of the War on the Effects of the War on the American ColonialsAmerican Colonials

RESULTS OF THE WAR:RESULTS OF THE WAR:Defending the BordersDefending the Borders

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Proclamation of 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellion

WestwaWestward rd ExpansiExpansion on and Land and Land

Conflicts,Conflicts, 1750-1750-1775 1775

11.. Sugar Act Sugar Act (1764)(1764)• Direct system of taxation• Strict enforcement of trade laws

2.2. Currency Act Currency Act (1764)(1764)

4.4. Stamp Act Stamp Act (1765)(1765)

3.3. Quartering Act Quartering Act (1765)(1765)

• Permanent troop presence George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville

RESULTS OF THE WAR: RESULTS OF THE WAR: George Grenville’s Program, George Grenville’s Program, 1763-17651763-1765

Stamp Act CrisisStamp Act Crisis Stamp ActStamp Act (1765) Colonial opposition:

First internal tax – £, not trade Not approved by assemblies Broad impact Postwar depression

Sons of Liberty Stamp Act Congress boycott Stamp Act Repeal (1766) Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act (1766)

Real WhigsReal Whigs

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Theories of RepresentationTheories of RepresentationTheories of RepresentationTheories of Representation

Townshend Acts Townshend Acts (1767-1770)(1767-1770) Tax on imported paper, paint, lead, glass, & tea Purpose: pay for col. gov’t

officials – not debt & armies Increased custom officials at Increased custom officials at

American ports – est’d Board of American ports – est’d Board of Customs in BostonCustoms in Boston..

Colonial response: Colonial response: John Dickinson “John Dickinson “Letters from a Farmer in Letters from a Farmer in

Pennsylvania” (1768) Pennsylvania” (1768) .. 1768 - 2nd non-importation movement:1768 - 2nd non-importation movement:

** ““Daughters of Liberty”Daughters of Liberty” * spinning bees * spinning bees

Riots against customs agents: 4000 British troops sent to Riots against customs agents: 4000 British troops sent to Boston.Boston.

Charles Townshend, Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Chancellor of the ExchequerExchequer

Toward Toward RevolutionRevolution

Boston Boston MassacreMassacre

March 5, 17709 p.m.

“Massacre”?

Paul Revere’s Paul Revere’s engravingengraving

The “Boston Massacre”: a different The “Boston Massacre”: a different viewview

  

Providence, RI coastProvidence, RI coast

The The GaspeeGaspee Incident Incident (1772)(1772)

Tea Crisis:Tea Crisis: Tea Act Tea Act (1773)(1773)

British East India Co.British East India Co. British rationale & British rationale &

expectationsexpectations Colonial responseColonial response

Lord Lord NorthNorth

The Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party (Dec. (Dec. 16, 1773)16, 1773)

 

The Coercive Acts The Coercive Acts (January (January 1774) 1774) ((AKAAKA the “Intolerable Acts”) the “Intolerable Acts”)

Port BillPort Bill - Boston Harbor Government ActGovernment Act - Town

meetings forbidden, Gov’s Council Administration of Administration of

Justice ActJustice Act - trials involving royal officials out of NE

New Quartering ActNew Quartering Act – uncompensated quartering of troopsin colonists’ homes

Colonial response?Colonial response? Why?Why?

"The Bostonians in "The Bostonians in

Distress"Distress" attributed to Philip Dawe, 1774

Tea CrisisTea Crisis Quebec Act (1774)

Colonial response

QUEBECQUEBECAREA ADDED TO QUEBEC

(First) Continental (First) Continental Congress Congress (1774)(1774)

55 delegates from 12 colonies Purpose: response to Coercive &

Quebec Acts Radical vs. moderate delegates Declaration of Rights and Grievances   Continental Association Follow-up meeting British response: “state of rebellion”

British British Troop Troop DeploymentDeployments, 1775s, 1775

Lexington and Concord, April Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775 19, 1775

• Paul Revere• William Dawes• Minutemen• Battle of Lexington• Battle of Concord

•Battle of Bunker Hill•Siege of Boston, 1775-6

Lexington & ConcordLexington & Concord

  Lexington Green Lexington Green todaytoday

The Old North The Old North BridgeBridge

Battle of Battle of Lexington Lexington

The Philosophy of the The Philosophy of the American RevolutionAmerican RevolutionWhy did the Colonists revolt?Why did the Colonists revolt? Self-rule: “Taxation without (actual) representation” Protect Fundamental rights & liberties British corruption, aristocracy

Was the Revolution Was the Revolution inevitable? Could Britain inevitable? Could Britain have avoided it?have avoided it?

Who was right?Who was right?

TOWARD TOWARD INDEPENDENCINDEPENDENC

EE

Second Continental Second Continental Congress Congress (1775)(1775)

Olive Branch Petition Continental Army G. Washington Role in revolution

Olive Branch Olive Branch PetitionPetition

George Washington George Washington assumes command of assumes command of Continental Army, July Continental Army, July 17751775

Thomas Thomas Paine’s Paine’s Common Common SenseSense

ThomaThomas Paines Paine

SourcesSources Brinkley 10th ed. Liberty! The American Revolution (PBS) -

http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/index.html http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/_browse1800.htm http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/i

mage_bank_US/1745_1776.html Henretta 5e http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral Roark, American Promise 3e from

http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral Divine, America Past & Present 7e Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

EVENTS THAT LED TO THE REVOLUTION3 Events/specific developments in the period 1763-1775 that were most responsible for the armed rebellion in the British colonies