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A0357112112.rtf
Transcript of A0357112112.rtf
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International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)ISSN: 2278!"7#$ %olu&e2$ I''ue$ ece&*er 2"2
Plants
Energy Efficiency Improvement in Thermal Power
+ene'i' ,ureh-a$ avi'on .i&-ara$ /ellington Tu&*ud0u1u$ Sa&'on ,hlanga
identification of these loses. Energy analysis evaluates th
energy generally on its quantity only, whereas exergy
analysis assesses the energy on quantity as well as the quality
The aim of the exergy analysis is to identify the magnitudes
and the locations of real energy losses, in order to improve
the existing systems, processes or components, (Tekin an
eyramogle! "##$%. This study identifies specific plant
systems and equipment where efficiency improvements can
&e reali'ed either through new installations or modifications,
and provides estimates of the resulting net plant heat rat
reductions and the orderofmagnitude costs for
implementation.
Abstract - The purpose of the study outlined in this is to identifymajor energy loss areas in Zimbabwes thermal power stations
and develop a plan to reduce them using energy and exergy
analysis as the tools. The energy supply to demand is narrowing
down day by day around the world due to the growing demand and
sometimes due to ageing of machinery. Most of the power plants
are designed by the energetic performance criteria based not only
on the first law of thermodynamics but the real useful energy loss
cannot be justified by the fist law of thermodynamics because it
does not differentiate between the !uality and !uantity of energy.
The present study deals with the comparison of energy and exergy
analysis of thermal power plants stimulated by coal. "ur national
electricity re!uirement is about #$%%M& against $'$(M& supply)
this is evident of about #$* deficit in terms of power re!uirements.
+n view of this situation the project see,s to increase output from
the ower tations /0 in the process closing down on the power
shortages now and in the future through effective and efficiency
improvement.
3i&
The main aim of the study is to identify areas where energylosses are occurring and develop them for efficient and
effective improvement in a thermal power station.
2 4*5ective'1eywords- 2nergy 2xergy 2ffective 2fficiency +mprovementThe o&)ect to satisfy this areThermal ower tation
To conduct energy analysis of the overall plant andI. I*T+-/TI* determine the efficiencies and energy losses of all th
ma)or components on the power plant.The 01-/ region including 2im&a&we they are suffering
0elect and develop the areas where energy losses arefrom critical shortage of power and this has negative impacton industrial development. The expansion on the demand
side resulted in over stretching of the current electricity
generation capacity coupled with aging thermal plants which
are still utilising old technology. The paper will focus on the
energy efficiency improvement in thermal stations.
&eing experienced.-etermine the costs and pay&ack periods for the new
technologies suggested for efficiency improvement.
! Scope
The study scope encompasses three ma)or tasks, energyThermal Power 0tations generate electricity through a
thermal power plant3 its installed capacity is designed with a
common range of &oilers feeding into common steam
receivers from where any of the tur&ines tape the steam.
/urrently only few &oilers are in operation with an output of
approximately "4"567. The power plants use coal as the
primary input for generating electricity. The plant use
89:9; of energy value of primary fuels and the remaining
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Energy Efficiency I&prove&ent in Ther&al o-er lant'
intend to increase through efficiency improvement of the
entire power plants.
utputs to the process are com&ustion products and the
power generated. Power generated for the year 89"" is a
shown in @igure " &elow.# 9urrent Supplye&and SituationTa&le 8 shows the current demand supply in 2im&a&we.
o-er generatedTa*le 2 9urrent de&and
(,/)-ependa&le /apacity "4"5671vaila&le 6aximum /apacity "4"567
6aximum -emand "9
89
:9
8"9967ur national electricity requirements are a&out 8"9967
against "4"567 supply3 this is evident of a&out 8"; deficit
in terms of power requirements as shown in ta&le 8, the future
supply demand forecast in 2im&a&we will require an
additional of "
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International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)ISSN: 2278!"7#$ %olu&e2$ I''ue$ ece&*er 2"2
defined as the ratio of energy output to the energy input to
system (Fin et al, "##
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Energy Efficiency I&prove&ent in Ther&al o-er lant'
compared to the design characteristics.
Thermal efficiency J
The first law efficiency (the energy efficiency% of differe
components is also calculated and their comparison is
depicted in @igure B. It is noted that the energy efficiency of
the &oiler is
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International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)ISSN: 2278!"7#$ %olu&e2$ I''ue$ ece&*er 2"2
including engineers and )ourney men left the country for
greener pastures during the era 899< and 899$ economic
meltdown.Dandalism of machinery has proven a ma)or challenge asthe security is having a tough time as one canMt tell
whether itMs an internal or external )o& which is in
operation.
DII. +E/66E*-1TI*0
The research recommends that results from this study &eused as a guide in determining future process improvement
actions. sing exergy analysis, the &oiler was found to have
the highest percentage of exergy destruction (B$.#8;% of the
overall plant ($".44;%. To reduce this loss retrofitting and
replacement of some &oiler elements is necessary for the
overall plant efficiency improvement.
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