The University of MelbourneEnvironments & Design Student CentreGround Floor of the Baldwin Spencer Building

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Subject Code: ENVS10003_2014_SM1 Subject Name: ConstructingEnvironments

Student ID Number: 698789 Student Name: Kar Yue GabrielleLeung

Tutorial: T03

Assignment Name: A01 LOGBOOK FINAL SUBMISSION (all studio sessions)

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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$–$Full$Size$

W1310$

STUDENT(PROFILE(

Name:$Kar$Yue$Gabrielle,$LEUNG$Student$No.:$698789$Tutor:$Ajith$KURUVILLA.$Studio$Session:$03$(Rm101,$10am31pm)$

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Week 1

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Force is an influence or an action attempt

to cause movement to an object, while

structural load is a kind of force that

applied to a structure to deform or

accelerate. For example, placing a brick

on a paper-folded structure, the brick is

acting as a dead load since it is constant

and not dynamic. It acts a force vertically

downwards to the paper-folded structure.

It has reached its peak value when the

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structure can sustain without deforming

while if the structure started to deform,

then it has over-reached its peak value.

This also depends on the details of the

paper-folded structure. The more tightly-

packed and the larger surface area for the

brick and the structure to get in touch, the

higher the chance for the structure to

sustain when the brick is acting direct

force on it.

Loads and Forces

Applying an object slowly on a structure until it become steady in position and size and that is the peak value of the load.

Static Loads

A static load where is apply forces vertically downwards on a structure. It is stable and can be permanently attach to the structure.

Dead Loads

Live Loads

A load where is dynamic and not constant. It acts not only vertically downwards but also may act horizontally. This reflects its nature, the dynamic of a moving load.

Beam A well built and long squared object used in buildings in order to support the roof or the floor of it. Both timber and metal can be used.

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Selection of materials is critical to a

building and a development of a city.

Take Melbourne as an example,

Bluestone or basalt, domains the

most of the building materials and

roads. They can act as material for

roads and the foundation of a

building. They have been widely

used is due to the geology and

landscape of Melbourne. Bluestones

can be easily obtained and it acts as

a strong foundation for constructions.

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It is hard to define which material

is the best. As long as it suits the

whole purpose and usage for the

construction, and satisfy all sets of

the criteria, the structure will be

built in the most sustainable way.

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Materials

Landscape is a fundamental base and background to the constructed city.

This is also a reason that why Sydney

is majorly made up with sandstones

while clay and limestone are being

widely used in Perth. There is a

serious of concerns that falls into the

selection of materials such as

material behavior on how would it

apply in the same way or different

ways, its shape, strength, stiffness

and the sustainability and economic.

The condition of the environment

should also be taken into account.

These holes are formed by the flow of lava and it destroys the surface structure of the bluestone. Sandstones as foundation

Hardwood is used in doors due to its characteristic

At least 2 hours of Fire resistance

Inside Studio: To build a tower with compressed fiber woods

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Our group decided to build the tower in

cylinder shape as the foundation and the

body. For the first layer, we placed it

horizontally where it can strengthen the

foundation of the whole tower. Then we

decided to pile up the woods vertically in

a cyclical way in order to reach a elevated

height. After a stacking up for a few

layers, a beam is added in order to

support the roof of the entrance and the

upper part of the tower. However, it

failed for several times due to the

instability of the beam as it is tied only

with a rubber band. However, we

succeed it by using two rubber bands

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with strengthen the whole structure of the

beam. At last we build way up to the top

by just repeating the layers that we

building for the foundation, except we

narrow it in its shape. However, it the

tower collapsed due to wide spaces and

big gaps appeared at the bottom. Other

group did well and managed to sustain

the whole structure even there’s a pencil

case sat above it. The beam acted as a

support as well as forces being guide

directly through pieces of woods. It has

been proved that force take the most

direct route all the way down to the

ground.

A turning corner to support the sides

Beam

Week 2

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Structural system such as frames, solid,

surface, skeleton, membrane and hybrid

are in order to sustain and hold up the

whole structure. Surface system is being

supported by tension. It acts as a shell

like and can cover for a large area,

commonly acted as a roof of stadiums.

Loads can be efficiently transferred

through skeleton system. The membrane

system is the cheap in cost where it can

achieve the economic efficiency.

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Structural joints allow at least two bones

joining together. Ridged joints can allow

the structure firmly attached to an object

however the flexibility is low which will

result broken bones if the bone is low in

its pliability, when load is being placed.

Pin joins are more flexible which allow

movements when loads are acted on

where bones can be bent and prevent

being snapped.

Structural System and Joints More about Joints

Rolled Joints, Pin Joints and

Fixed Joints are the most

common type of joints that

can be seen in buildings.

Fixed joints restrict all

kinds of movement, Pin

joints restricts up and down

movements and horizontal

movements while Roller

Joints restricts up and down

movements.

2 Dolor Sit Amet

Lorem Ipsum Issue | Date

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Structural System:

The major support of the whole

structure. It is constructed in order to

support and transmit the force safely

to the ground. Column, beams and

loadbearing are the support floor

and roof structures. The underlying

structure forms the foundation of a

building.

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Enclosure System:

It acts an envelope, a shell of the

building. It consists of the roof,

exterior walls, windows and doors.

The interior spaces prevent cold

weather, control moisture and heat

and the airflow.

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Mechanical System:

It provides essential services to a

building such as drainage, heating,

ventilating and cooling system,

electricity, vertical transportation

system and also fire-fighting systems

as well.

Construction Systems

3 Dolor Sit Amet

Lorem Ipsum Issue | Date

Inside the Studio Making a Tower Frame with Balsa Wood

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We cut the balsa wood into 40 strips

before hand. However, the texture is

extremely fragile therefore resulted in

quite a lot of broken strips. We started to

use the strip to form a square-based.

However, we figured out it was quite

shaky through out the process. Therefore,

we changed to construct with a triangular

base. We made a lot of triangles in order

to act as the joints for the figure. We use

comparatively long balsa wood strip act

as the bones of the whole frame. It didn’t

go up really high. Although it did not

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stand for a long time, at least the frame

did not get fractured. Both glue paste and

tapes are stabilizing the joints in order to

create a relative rigid joint. The tower

frame form other groups are

comparatively tall with a much wider base

constructed. It allow the whole tower

frame to balance and firmly stand on the

ground through the direct vertical force.

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ENVS10003(Constructing(Environments(A01$LOGBOOK$

W3$

FOOTINGS(AND(FOUNDATIONS(

Structural$Concepts:$Structural$Elements,$Geometry$&$Equilibrium$Constructing$Systems:$Footings$&$Foundations$Materials:$Mass,$Masonry,$Bricks,$Stone$Lecture:$Olympic$Park$In$Studio:$Site$Visit$–$On$Campus$!

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Structural(Concepts(!

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Construction(System((Footings!and!Foundations!

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Materials(

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Lecture!–!Olympic!Park!!

The!construction!process!and!ideas!were!being!introduced.!They!consider!two!main!aspects!including!flexibility!and!sustainability.!They!

foresee! that! changes! might! occur! in! order! to! cooperate! with! advance! technology.! The! landscape! of! the! Olympic! Park! in! London,!

regarding!to!the!cost!of!moving!the!soil,!they!reClandscape!with!its!own!soil.!!!The!main!issue!was!about!the!cost,!thus!a!lot!of!on!site!and!

materials!usage!was!based!on!cost!to!decide.!They!also!consider!about!the!environmental!issue!thus!they!choose!materials!that!can!be!

reused!or!recycled.!!

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In(Studio!–!Site!Visit!@!On!Campus!!

@Underground!Car!park!!

Material:!Concrete!

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Load!Path!

Concrete!pad!

Steel!is!being!

installed!and!

reinforces!the!

column!

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The!truss!is!an!open!web!and!is!being!hung!off.!The!load!is!transferred!to!the!concrete!joist!then!to!the!ground.!The!use!of!mixture!of!

materials!is!due!to!aesthetic!factor.!!

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Trusses:!All!the!structures!are!

being!hung!off!

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Aluminum!

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Glass!

Timber!

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Concrete!

joist!

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It! is!a!skeleton!structure.!The! footing!of! the!stairs! is! fixed! joint,!while! there’s!a!pin! joint! for!steel!made! lining!hanging!over! the!stair,!

sways!dynamic!impact!load.!The!stair!need!be!stable!thus!safe!for!pedestrian!to!walk!on.!Fixed!connection!between!beam!and!columns!

support! are!being!attached! to! the!wall.! Stainless! steel! is!used!due! to! its! strength!and!prevents! the! stair! from!rusting! in! the!exposed!

environment.!!

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Pin!Joint!

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Galvanized!

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Fixed!Joint!

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@!North!Court!Union!House!

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It!is!a!membrane!hybrid!structure!with!metal!ring!and!steel!to!support.!A!hole!can!be!seen!at!the!center!of!the!structure,!it!allows!to!air!

to!flow!out!and!give!extra!strength!to!support!the!membrane!structure.!It!acts!as!a!tension!force!during!windy!days.!Drainage!is!at!the!

bottom!of! the!hole,!where!rainwater!might!come!down!through!the!hole.!UV!resistance! for! the!membrane! is! important!or!else! it!will!

break!down.!The!photo!on!the!right!shows!that!the!column!is!not!straight!due!to!central!cavity.!It!holds!the!force!within!the!actual!object.!

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Metal!Ring!

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Steal!

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@!Beaurepaire!Centre!Pool!

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Considering!the!building!is!built!for!swimming!pool,!the!humidity,!chlorine!is!used!and!heated!water!should!be!considered.!It!is!made!

out!of!concrete!for!the!external!wall!and!aluminum!for!window!frame.!Below!the!window,!it!allows!water!to!get!out!which!balance!the!

humidity!in!the!internal!environment.!The!tertiary!structure!should!carry!its!own!load.!

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Allow!weight!hole!allow!moisture!connect!

to!the!building!

@!Oval!Pavilion!(North!Side)!

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A!façade!at!the!back!of!the!building!is!being!maintained.!The!excavation!of!the!foundation,!extended!cohesion!should!be!considered!since!

it!might!crash.!Concrete!stump!pad!is!being!used!for!footing.!Timber!stud!framing!is!being!used!where!insulation!layer!is!being!installed!

as!well.!!There!is!a!presence!of!span!and!structural!member!such!as!bearings!and!joints.!!It!was!hard!to!take!photos!due!to!it!is!blocked!

by!coverage.!

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@!New!Melbourne!School!of!Design!under!construction!–!from!various!sides!

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The!enclosure!system!of!the!building!can!be!seen!such!as!windows.!!Most!materials!

are!pre!cast.!!

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Aluminum!framed!

windows!

Columns!

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@!Old!Geology!South!Lecture!Theatre!Entry!

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Brick!is!part!of!the!enclosure!system.!Steel!columns!

and!framing!are!present.!However,!the!glazing!does!

not!carry!any!load.!

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@!Frank!Tate!Pavilion!

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It!is!a!heavy!unbalanced!structure!with!at!least!2!tones!of!concrete!for!the!flooring.!Fixed!joints!are!present!in!order!to!resist!wind!since!

the!uplift!of!wind!would!be!very!high.!The!roof!is!in!a!not!completed!covered!up,!this!allow!a!better!air!ventilation!and!air!flow.!!

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Aluminum!

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Timber!wood!frame!

Timber!floor!decking!

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@!Lot!6!Café!

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Columns! glazing! system! is! being! used.! There! is! a! line! of! influence.! All! the!

building!materials!should!be!pre!cast.!It!is!a!soft!storey.!The!ground!level!is!

opened!to!the!street!but!rigid!structure!is!present!of!top!of!the!ground!floor.!!

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Concrete!

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Construction(Workshop((It! is! required! that! we! need! to! attend! one! session! of! the! timber!

workshop.! The! workshop! aims! to! enhance! how! knowledge! on!

structural! concepts! and! also! its! failure.! We! are! first! required! to!

think!what!we!want!to!build!out!of!timber!and!plywood.!Our!group’s!

timber!came!from!New!Zealand,!which!is!in!high!quality.!Plywood!is!

good!in!tension,!where!load!go!down!upper!part,!compression!lower!

the!part!of!tension.!We!have!also!been!told!the!nail!causes!the!points!

of!weaknesses.!!

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Then!we!need!to!make!sketch!drawings!on!what!we!want!to!build.!

It!must! be! at! least! 1!meter! long.!We!believe! that! by! using! openC

web! structure! load! will! be! transferred! more! constantly! thus!

difficult!to!break!down.!

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Only!nails!and!hammers!are!being!used!for!connections.!A!sword!is!

also!being!used!to!cut!timber!and!plywood.!

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However,!we!decided!to!make!it!like……!

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It!was!being!compressed!under!the!compressor,!and!it!cracked!due!to!

points! of! weakness! created! by! the! nails.! It! is! being! proved! that! he!

structure!of!the!thing!we!build!was!decent!enough!since!the!failure!is!

not!due!the!structure.!!

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Glossary(!

Moment!–!Measured!by!the!product!of!the!force!magnitude!and!the!perpendicular!distance!between!the!line!of!action!of!the!force!and!

the!point!

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Retaining!wall!–!A!structural!element!to!restrain!soil!to!unnatural!slopes!

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Pad!Footing!–!A!kind!of!shallow!footing!which!transfer!load!vertically!to!the!foundation!of!the!building!

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Strip!Footing!–!Continuous!strip!of!concrete!that!spread!the!weight!of!the!loadCbearing!wall!

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Slab!on!ground!–!A!thick!concrete!slab!which!support!the!building!directly!on!the!subsoil!!

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Substructure!–!The!subset!of!the!larger!element!

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Strut!–!A!slender!element!design!to!carry!load!parallel!to!its!long!axis,!which!produces!compression!

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Tie!–!A!slender!element!design!to!carry!load!parallel!to!its!long!axis,!which!produces!tension!

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Settlement!–!Buildings!compress!the!earth!beneath!then!and!the!buildings!tend!to!sink!a!little!into!the!earth!over!time!

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Bricks!–!A!standard!size!masonry!unit!made!out!of!clay.!!

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Centre!of!Mass!–!The!point!about!which!an!object!is!balanced!

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Equilibrium!–!The!state!of!balance!or!rest!resulting!from!the!equal!action!of!opposing!forces!

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References(!

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Ching,!F.D.K.!2008,!Building(Construction(Illustrated,!John!Willey!&!Sons,!Inc.,!United!States!of!America.!!!

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Hunt,!T.,!Tony!Hunt’s!Structures!Notebook,!Architectural!Press,!2003 !!

Newton,!C.(2014,!17!March) W03_c1!FOOTINGS!&!FOUNDATIONS[Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAcuwrecIz8&feature=youtu.be!

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Newton,!C.(2014,!17!March) W03_m1!INTRODUCTION!TO!MASS!CONSTRUCTION![Video!File]!Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Au2upE9JN8&feature=youtu.be!

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Newton,!C.(2014,!17!March)!W03_s1!STRUCTURAL!ELEMENTS![Video!File]!

Retrieved!from!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQIa1O6fp98&feature=youtu.be!

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Vassigh,!Shahin,!InteracGve!Structures!Version!2.0,!Wiley!&!Sons,!Inc.,!2008!DVDCROM!

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