A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University...

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A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk

Transcript of A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University...

Page 1: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

A Whole New Hot Universeby XMM Newton

Liz PuchnarewiczMullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College, Londonwww.mssl.ucl.ac.uk

Page 2: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Why X-rays?

Cataclysmic variables- the ‘cannibal ‘ stars

Quasars- monstrous black holes

Page 3: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Ariane V - XMM-Newton cutaway

10m

• XMM-Newton was launched into a highly-elliptical, 2-day orbit

• Perigee is 7,000 km, apogee is 114,000 km, one third of the way to the Moon

• Observations began in July 2000

• The mission has cost ESA ~£500million, should last for 10 years – and is almost 10 times more sensitive than the US mission, Chandra.

Page 4: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

XMM Newton before launch

This is XMM-Newton in the clean room at ESTEC, in Noordwijk (Netherlands). The observatory is assembled just before being shipped to French Guiana for launch. It stands about 10m tall.

Page 5: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

XMM Newton

Page 6: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Imaging spectroscopy

An X-ray spectrum at every point in an image.

Page 7: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Protostellar formation

In a cloud of dust and gas 500 light years away, stars are being born at a very fast rate. Within is a stellar system of two stars which may well condense into a kind of ‘solar system’. Its two discs are each 20 AU across. The system is less than a million years old.

Page 8: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

The protostellar X-ray jet

The IRS5 stars appear to be powering – jointly or separately – at least two observable jets, which are moving outwards at a speed of between 200-400 km/s. The temperature of these jets is about 100 000K.

Page 9: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Is this a protostar system?

The jets stretch out to distances of about 1000 AU. Stellar winds create a ‘cavity’ around the jets. This cavity reflects light from the two stars. X-rays from the jets shine down on the accretion disks – are all systems formed this way?

Page 10: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

This is a real jet

This jet is from the black hole in the galaxy, M87

X-ray image from NASA’s Chandra Observatory

Page 11: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Tycho Supernova remnant

This is the Tycho supernova remnant, discovered by Tycho Brahe. X-rays are emitted from the very hot gas within via bremsstrahlung. As material slams through the interstellar medium, shock waves also emit X-rays.

Page 12: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Tycho SNR X-ray spectrum

Page 13: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Elemental shock fronts

From the spectrum we can slice through the SNR by element to see where the emission from each is strongest. Note the differences between the elements.

Page 14: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Multiwavelength facility

Page 15: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

RGS high resolution spectra

For gas temperatures, densities and composition.

Page 16: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

M81 in the UV -hot stars, binary stars and a quasar-type black hole

OM UV image of M81

Page 17: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

The starburst galaxy, NGC 253

Image in visible light

Page 18: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

NGC253 – image in X-rays

Page 19: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Two stars switch off in

the Andromeda

Galaxy

Page 20: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Are these supersoft

binary stars?

the period is very short so the stars must be close then the system would be faint but it’s bright

and we know they’re in Andromeda so we have a new supersoft source

Page 21: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Gazing into the Universe

Page 22: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Quasars – testing relativity

Page 23: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

A leap further with Xeus

Page 24: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

Adding petals from the ISS

Page 25: A Whole New Hot Universe by XMM Newton Liz Puchnarewicz Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College, London .

The End

Liz PuchnarewiczMullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College, Londonwww.mssl.ucl.ac.uk