Business to Business (B2B) Marketing Audit: What is it and how is it done?
A. What is it? B. Why is it important? C. How is it done?
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Transcript of A. What is it? B. Why is it important? C. How is it done?
A. What is it?
B. Why is it important?
C. How is it done?
In OutNutrients Nutrients
Getting the balance right!
Nutrients In
Nutrients Out
Why manage nutrients?
1. Potential to reduce fertiliser costs
2. Protect the environment
3. Meet Nitrates Directive requirements
4. Efficiently meet crop nutrient
requirements
Soil testing and analysis
Nutrient requirements for crop
Calculate what to put in / on the soil for crop
Green waste or mushroom compost ◦ free or cost of delivery/spreading
Savings◦ Slurry – saving up to £95/ha◦ FYM – saving up to £309/ha◦ Dependant on the nutrient requirement
Essentially, adding organic materials reduces the amount of chemical fertiliser required
Chemical fertiliser is expensive!
Remember...◦ nutrients in result in nutrients out
Excessive fertiliser, slurry, manure can result in:◦ Leaching◦ Soil particle loss◦ Nutrient runoff causing enrichment or
eutrophication Biggest trheat to NI waterways
◦ Waste of money
Nutrients N and P can become pollutants if over applied
Nitrated Directive sets out rules/regs for arable and grassland crops
Need to follow guidance on soil analysis
See pages 68 & 69 of the NAP Booklet
Crop requirement for phosphate
See page 72 Nitrates Guidance Booklet
Remember main crop nutrients:
N = Nitrogen P = Phosphorus K = Potassium
Also Sulphur, Magnesium and Calcium◦ These do not appear directly on fertiliser but are
often incorporated
Law of limiting factors
Liebigs Barrell
Water represents crop If even one nutrient
(major or minor) isbelow crop requirement,the crop will not performto full potential
Step 1 - Soil analysisStep 2 - What does the soil analysis mean?Step 3 - Estimate Nitrogen requirementsStep 4 - What nutrients does the crop
require?Step 5 - How many nutrients can be
supplied by organic manures?Step 6 - Which chemical fertiliser can supply
the remaining nutrients required
What information is on soil analysis?
What key nutrient is missing?
Nitrogen is not included in soil analysis
Estimated after considering ◦ rainfall ◦ soil type ◦ previous cropping
Soil Nitrogen Supply (SNS) Index – the higher the index, the lower the requirement
RB209
Rainfall in Northern Ireland is classed as ◦ Moderate/Medium (600-700mm annual rainfall
or 150-250mm excess winter rainfall)◦ OR◦ High (over 700mm annual rainfall or over 250mm
excess winter rainfall)
Depending on moderate or high rainfall, SNS index will vary slightly.
Soil type affects HOW nutrients are retained
Light and/or shallow soils have POOR retention (leaching)
Medium, deep clay or deep silt soils have MODERATE – GOOD retention
Soils with over 10% organic matter can retain TOO MUCH, meaning nutrients may not be available to the plant (lock-up)
MostNI
Soils
Low and medium N vegetables are crops such as carrots, onions, radish, swedes or turnips where the amount of crop residue is relatively small.
Crop requirement depends on:•Crop type•What’s already in the soil
The higher the soil nutrient reserves (Soil Index), the lower the need for additional nutrients
RB 209
Index for Phosphorus (2)
Index for Potassium (1)
SNS, P, K Index
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kg/ha
Turnips, Parsnips
Nitrogen (N) –all soil types
170 130 100 70 20 0 0
Phosphate (P5O2) 200 150 100 50 0 0 0
Potash (K2O) 300 250 200 (2-)150 (2+)
0 0 0 0
We know from high rainfall that N needs index 1
We know from soil analysis that P needs index 2 and K needs index 1
SNS, P, K Index
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Kg/ha
Turnips, Parsnips
Nitrogen (N) –all soil types
170 130 100 70 20 0 0
Phosphate (P5O2) 200 150 100 50 0 0 0
Potash (K2O) 300 250 200 (2-)150 (2+)
0 0 0 0
What is the requirement?N = index 1 =P = index 2 =K= index 1 =
130 kg/ha100 kg/ha250 kg/ha
Soil◦ Soil analysis - index shows the recommended
amount of P and K to add to soil◦ SNS index gives recommended amount of N to add
Manure / green waste / slurry◦ Adds both nutrients and organic matter to help
with soil structure
Chemical fertiliser◦ Adds the remaining nutrients necessary to meet
crop requirements
RB209 gives nutrient availability for a range of manures, slurries and organic matter:
Organic Matter type
Nutrient content(kg/t)
N P K
Farm Yard Manure
1.8 3.5 7.2
Green Waste
<0.2 3.0 5.5
Assume you have 10 ton green waste compost to apply over 2 acres (i.e. 5 ton/acre)
To find the volume applied of a particular organic material:
Ton/acre applied x 2.471 = volume applied t/ha
5 ton/acre x 2.471 = 12.355 t/ha
Volume applied =12.355 t/ha
To find the nutrient content of a particular organic material:
Kg/t Nutrient applied x volume applied t/ha = nutrient content
N = 0.2 x 12.355 P = 3.0 x 12.355 K = 5.5 x 12.355
Organic Matter type
Nutrient content(kg/t)
N P K
Green Waste <0.2 3.0 5.5
Volume applied
=12.355 t/ha
To find the nutrient content of a particular organic material:
Kg/t Nutrient applied x volume applied t/ha = nutrient content
N = 0.2 x 12.355 P = 3.0 x 12.355 K = 5.5 x 12.355
Organic Matter type
Nutrient content(kg/t)
N P K
Green Waste <0.2 3.0 5.5
=2.471 kg/ha
=37.065 kg/ha
=67.95 kg/ha
You now know: Nutrient requirement for
crop from the soil analysis
Nutrient content of adding an organic matter (example)
Now you need to add chemical fertiliser to make up the balance
N P K
130 100 250
2.5 37 68
127.5 63 182
N Nitrogen
P Phosphorus
K Potassium
S Sulphur
………NO3 Nitrate
………P2O5 Phosphate
………K2O Potash
………S04 Sulphate
Nutrients needed by crops for growth
Chemical Fertiliser
20 12 25
% Nitrogen(N)
% Potash(K20)
% Phosphate(P205)
Step 6
1 50kg bag/acre = 125kg/ha
We need ◦ 127.5kg/ha N, 63kg/ha P, 182 kg/ha K
1 50kg bag/acre = 125kg/ha
Need to find out what 20-12-25 fertiliser really offers in order to find out the balance.
Calculate the amount of N, P & K supplied when applying 10 bags of 20-12-25 per hectare. ◦ One bag of fertiliser = 50kg
A) number of bags/ha x 50kg = applicationrate
A) 10 bags/ha x 50kg = 500 kg/haapplication rate
Remember application rate = 500kg/ha
B) % nutrient x application rate kg/ha = nutrient applied100 (kg/ha)
N = 20 x 500kg/ha = 100
P = 12 x 500kg/ha =100
K = 25 x 500kg/ha =100
Remember application rate = 500kg/ha
B) % nutrient x application rate kg/ha = nutrient applied100 (kg/ha)
N = 20 x 500kg/ha = 100
P = 12 x 500kg/ha =100
K = 25 x 500kg/ha =100
100 kg/ha Nitrogen
60 kg/ha Phosphorus
125 kg/ha Potassium
(1)
N
Kg/ha
(2)
P2O5
(1)
K20
A
Crop requirement
(Based on crop type & soil analysis)
130 100 250
B
Available nutrients green waste compost (5 ton/acre)
2.5 37 68
C
Available nutrients Chemical fertiliser 20-12-25 (10bags/ha)
100 60 125
What we know so far...
(1)
N
Kg/ha
(2)
P2O5
(1)
K20
A Crop requirement 130 100 250B Available nutrients green waste
compost 2.5 37 68
C Available nutrients Chemical fertiliser
100 60 125
D Total Inputs (B+C) 102.5 97 193
Balance left (A – D)(Nutrient still required)
What is the balance?
(1)
N
Kg/ha
(2)
P2O5
(1)
K20
A Crop requirement 130 100 250B Available nutrients green waste
compost 2.5 37 68
C Available nutrients Chemical fertiliser
100 60 125
D Total Inputs (B+C) 102.5 97 193
Balance left (A – D)(Nutrient still required)
27.5 3 57
What is the balance?
From the given inputs of◦ Existing soil nutrients◦ Added organic matter◦ Chemical fertiliser
Most of the nutritional needs are met
Remaining Balance
N P K
27.5 3 57
What happens with the remaining balance?
Fertiliser application may be split over 2 or more treatments (in seed bed, over crop, etc), allowing opportunity to...
Use straight fertiliser (just N or K) Could change an input (try calculation using
FYM or slurry)
Remaining Balance
N P K
27.5 3 57
Must not exceed ◦ Nitrogen requirement ◦ Phosphorus requirement
Can lead to pollution
Remaining Balance
N P K
27.5 3 57
1. N, P, K In = N, P, K Out2. Nutrient sources soil, manure/organic matter and
fertiliser3. Make best use of nutrient sources
Save money Protect the environment Meet Nitrates Directive Requirements
4. How? Soil sampling and analysis is the starting point Estimate crop needs Use manure/organic matter effectively Only use fertiliser to top-up any outstanding crop
needs5. Help
Crop Nutrient Recommendation Calculator Nitrates Guidance RB209 Codes of Good Agricultural Practice
Nutrient Calculation