A visual review of WH 1

Sumerian ziggurat - temple made of brick

The Fertile Crescent - shown in yellow

2 major rivers - Tigris & Euphrates

Greece’s location

Greece’s Location, location, location

• Good for trade• On a peninsula• between Mediterranean Sea & • Aegean Sea• easy sailing distance to Egypt &

Fertile Crescent

Rival Greek city-states - Athens & Sparta

Greek Architecture•2 major Greek contributions

•Parthenon

•3 types of columns

The Parthenon - temple to Athena

The Parthenon - temple to Athena

The Parthenon - temple to Athena

3 types of Greek columns

•Doric - simple

•Ionian - fancier

•Corinthian - fanciest

•see pictures

Doric - simple

Ionian - fancier

Corinthian - fanciest

•these columns have been copied for centuries by builders

Rome’s Empire at its largest

Emperor Hadrian’s Wall across Great Britain marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire

ROMAN architecture•Pantheon - in Rome, temple to all of the Roman gods, concrete dome

Pantheon - to all of the Roman gods

Rome’s Colosseum

• A stadium for gladitorial fights/ entertainment

Rome’s Colosseum

The Forum in Rome – a place “for-um” to shop

The Forum in Rome

•a large public area/market

•similar to Greece’s agora

• features of Roman architecture have been reproduced in Western buildings

•arch

•dome

•concrete

Rome’s roads - for moving people & stuff

A Roman aqueduct - for moving water

Another aqueduct, in Fr., built by Romans in 49 BC

aqueducts•to move water from where it is to where it was needed

Hagia Sophia - Church

minarets were added later by Muslims

Hagia Sophia• largest Christian church of its

time

• built in Constantinople (city is now known as Istanbul)

• notice the rectangular room with a round dome

A Russian church -

notice the onion-shaped domes with crosses

Russian church - onion-shaped domes with crosses

A mosque in Hampton - notice the crescent moon atop the dome, NOT a cross

Mosque in Mecca with minarets(towers)

Kaaba in center

Kaaba in Mecca - destination for Muslim pilgrims

Mosque in Mecca - see the minarets

The Great Wall - WAS the border, isn’t a border any more

Notice the Silk Road, the red line pointing the way to the west

Note location of China’s Huang River - Huang has a hump

India began along the Indus River

the Indus and Ganges 2 very important rivers for India

The Taj Mahal - towers show influence of the religion of Islam on architecture in India after 600 AD

Egypt’s pyramids - tombs for pharaohs(kings)

Egypt’s location along the Nile - in yellow

Ancient African History by the SOL• African civilizations developed at Kush

in East Africa and Ghana in West Africa.• Kush and Ghana concentrated on trade

with different partners.• Both economies focused on trade

throughout Africa and the Middle East.• Kush traded primarily with Egypt.• Ghana’s economy was based on the

exchange of gold for salt.

Kingdom of Kush• yellow

• along the Nile River in what is now Sudan.

Ghana• In west

Africa

• Economy based on gold for salt

• trade across the Sahara region

2 African Civilizations• Kush in East Africa

• Ghana in West Africa

• major similarity - both relied on trade

• major difference - different trading partners

Niger River

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

Zimbabwe

AxumKush

Egyptian hieroglyphs - (pictograms)pictures representing words

The Rosetta Stone – provided a way to read and understand Egyptian Hieroglyphics

Bird tracks on wet sand? No

Cuneiform

Sumerian writing

Sanskrit – writing from Ancient India

The Phoenicians were the first to develop an alphabet•ABCDEFGHIJKLOMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

•Ours is the Roman alphabet

Zambezi River

Limpopo River

Great Zimbabwe

Greece

Rome

Black Sea

Baltic Sea

Andes Mountains

South & East Asia

Himalayas

Hindu KushMountains

India

KoreaChina

Japan

Sea of Japan