A vision for the Bulgarian waste sector
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A vision for the Bulgarian waste sector
National Waste Work ShopPlovdiv, 24 November 2008
Carsten RasmussenDeputy Head of Unit European Commission DG Regional [email protected]
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Content
Requirements to a functional waste sector
Caracteristics of EU waste systems
Waste techniques Incineration Mechanical Biological Treatment Refuse Derived Fuel Landfilling
State of play of the Bulgarian waste sector Techniques Waste organisation Financing
Conclusions and recommendations
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Waste Techniques
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Caracteristics of EU Waste Systems Waste reduction needed, preferably
upstream Variety of techniques available for waste
treatment Incineration Mechanical Biological Treatment Refuse Direved Fuel Land filling
Systems partly revenue generating Tariff financed (in Bulgaria: tax like)
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Techniques:Incineration
Incineration most expensive, but attractive in densely populated areas
Energy recovery, yes, but high costs for environmental compatibility
Negative incentives to waste reduction
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Techniques:Mechanical Biological Treatment
Attractive, as it allows to increase recycling and reduce land filling
But attention to workers’ health
Expensive, but modulable: Does everybody need a Rolls Royce?
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Techniques:Refuse Derived Fuel
Attractive to avoid land filling
Linked to MBT
But expensive and dependant on incineration capacity (cement factories etc)
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Waste techniquesLandfilling
Least expensive Limited investments up front Should be combined with some form
of MBT
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Bulgaria: State of Play
Conformity required as from accession Waste regions
7 conform 7 en route 7 to be prepared
Beyond Sofia, large part of the country de facto facing infringement procedure
Financing available: 363 million €, plus national co-financing
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Bulgaria:Waste Organisation
Waste is municipal competence
Economies of scale available, hence trend towards multi-municipal co-operation
Need to avoid the Hungarian Cheese
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The Hungarian Cheese
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Bulgaria: Waste Organisation (continued) Based on our experience, we recommend a minimum
of top down incentives: Legal obligation to co-operate Or, financial incentive, e.g. financing exclusively
available to regional projects For regional systems, need for sound cooperation
organisation E.g. holding company, owning assets Need to protect co-operation structure from break up financial commitment from municipalities to
common organisation Need to careful organisation of operations – private
operators, public operating company Great potential (and some risks) linked to Public
Private Partnership models
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Bulgaria:Financing Need for sustainable system Hence tariff setting must include
operation and replacement The EU financing is only available once Don’t come back with new requests in 7
years! Please note: No EU co-financing ever
made in this sector in Slovakia EU plus state financing not sufficient in
this period Scope for municipal co-financing EIB and/or EBRD loans could be available
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Bulgaria:Financing (continued) Need to consider total financing needs
up front Recommend budgetary allocation to
each waste region, depending on needs 7 ,7,7 Need for fair and transparent model Note: Article 55 of the regulation cannot
serve as a method to establish a fair and transparent national grant system
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Bulgaria:Financing (continued) Recommend model with some local
financing Co-financing could be modulated
according to: Density (natural economy of scale)
and GDP (affordability)
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BulgariaTechniquesConsidering:
costslimited fundingrelatively low density of population
Landfills with limited, but upgradable MBT seem the obvious choice
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Conclusions and recommendations to Bulgaria Projects elaborated based on regional
budget allocations Financing only available for regional
projects Land fill with source separation, limited
but upgradable MBT realistic EU, State, Municipal (EIB-EBRD loan
financed) Tariffs including operations,
replacement (amortisation)