A VIEW OF FRUIT

CULTURE IN AFGHANISTAN

Noorani Gul Nabi khan Research Student of UOM

1

Consists of three parts

A General Information about

Afghanistan

B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

C A view of fruit culture or Pomology

Contents of the Presentation

2

Part A Afghanistan in Asia

3

Continuous hellip

4

Location of Afghanistan

Continuous hellip

5

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Consists of three parts

A General Information about

Afghanistan

B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

C A view of fruit culture or Pomology

Contents of the Presentation

2

Part A Afghanistan in Asia

3

Continuous hellip

4

Location of Afghanistan

Continuous hellip

5

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Part A Afghanistan in Asia

3

Continuous hellip

4

Location of Afghanistan

Continuous hellip

5

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Continuous hellip

4

Location of Afghanistan

Continuous hellip

5

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Continuous hellip

5

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Population

6

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Food security and population

7

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Climate

8

It is located in dry part of the world

Cold and snowy winter

Hot and dry summers

Wet season runs form winter to early spring

In summer Indian monsoon

There is variation in temperature

HT (49 C) LT (-16 to -10)

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Temperature variability

9

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Precipitation

10

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

11

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

12

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Climate

changes

13

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

14

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Usage of water

15

bullWe use About 30 of the

countryrsquos available water

bull loss of water within the

system

bullPoor distribution of water

over the growing season

bull poor management of

available water

bullTraditional irrigation

system

bullWeak Gov

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Part B Value of Horticulture to Afghanistanrsquos

Economics

Major roles of agriculture in the country are

1 Food security

2 Earning foreign exchange

3 Poverty reduction

4 Improved income and status of women

5 Alternative to poppy production

16

Multiple roles of Agriculture

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

MAILrsquoS MASTER PLAN

Currently we are working on the following goals

1 Agriculture growth and poverty reduction

2 Horticulture improvement

3 Livestock production systems improvement

4 Overcoming on Food security

5 Management of natural resources

6 Research and technology transfer

7 Privatization and private sector development

8 Quality control and certification system

9 Policy monitoring evaluation and planning

17

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Afghanistanrsquos Income The Afghan economy is primarily agriculture ndashbased

About 85 people depends directly or indirectly on farm income

Over 600000 farmers produce horticultural products

Prewar in 1970s 43 of total export earning accounted by Horticulture products dry

fruit nuts and fresh fruits

In 1970s annual income was 600 million US $

Before war Afghanistan provided 20 of raisin to the global market and dominated

pistachio market

Exports income in 2012 around $376 million estimated

Grapes are biggest fruit crop with estimated value of US$180 Million in 2003

2nd largest fruit by production is Pistachio with estimated value US$95 million in 2003

Other export goods are afghan rugs wool cotton hides gemstone and mines

18

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Exports

19

Wool factory at Wardag province Exhibition of Afghani rugs Quality rugs are making by women

Different types of Gemstones Transportation of cottonHarvest of Cotton

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Horticulture Improvement

Objectives are Product for processing processing factories for raisin and nuts post harvest

handling export of fresh fruit and packing of products

Finding of valuable new markets

Dissemination of expertise through extension services

Increasing availability of high quality varieties and planting inputs

Commitment of financial resources

20

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

NRMPriorities

1 Watershed and forestry management

2 Soil management

3 Weather

21Collection zone of water HasharTerraces for planting and watershed management

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

NR Basic Problemsbull Deforestation ( Overcutting)

bull Overgrazing or

desertification

bull Unplanned urbanization

bull Over population

bull Poverty

bull Unemployment

bull Shifting agriculture

bull No energy

22

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Terraces

bull Let us have a look to terraces

23

Please Click me here

Watershed Management and Forestry

24

Project of Watershed and Pine Nut

My implemented project of Pine nut

CBOS micro-Project

Selection of place

Planting materials and inputs labor costs

Nursery or Direct planting

25

Have a look to Livestock in Afghanistan

bull Half of Agriculture GDP derive from livestock

bull It is a key component bc of its importance

bull 15 million nomadic kuchi people

We have commercial advantages of the following animals

Bees

Camels

Cattle

Goats

Poultry

Sheep

26

Livestock

27

Importance of livestock

They provide us

bull Animal power for crop farming where machinery is not

applicable

bull Milk and meat for household consumption and sale

bull Manure as a natural fertilizer

bull Dung is used as a fuel for cooking and heating

bull Wool hides and skins are important exports

28

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Project of Watershed and Pine Nut

My implemented project of Pine nut

CBOS micro-Project

Selection of place

Planting materials and inputs labor costs

Nursery or Direct planting

25

Have a look to Livestock in Afghanistan

bull Half of Agriculture GDP derive from livestock

bull It is a key component bc of its importance

bull 15 million nomadic kuchi people

We have commercial advantages of the following animals

Bees

Camels

Cattle

Goats

Poultry

Sheep

26

Livestock

27

Importance of livestock

They provide us

bull Animal power for crop farming where machinery is not

applicable

bull Milk and meat for household consumption and sale

bull Manure as a natural fertilizer

bull Dung is used as a fuel for cooking and heating

bull Wool hides and skins are important exports

28

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Have a look to Livestock in Afghanistan

bull Half of Agriculture GDP derive from livestock

bull It is a key component bc of its importance

bull 15 million nomadic kuchi people

We have commercial advantages of the following animals

Bees

Camels

Cattle

Goats

Poultry

Sheep

26

Livestock

27

Importance of livestock

They provide us

bull Animal power for crop farming where machinery is not

applicable

bull Milk and meat for household consumption and sale

bull Manure as a natural fertilizer

bull Dung is used as a fuel for cooking and heating

bull Wool hides and skins are important exports

28

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Livestock

27

Importance of livestock

They provide us

bull Animal power for crop farming where machinery is not

applicable

bull Milk and meat for household consumption and sale

bull Manure as a natural fertilizer

bull Dung is used as a fuel for cooking and heating

bull Wool hides and skins are important exports

28

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Importance of livestock

They provide us

bull Animal power for crop farming where machinery is not

applicable

bull Milk and meat for household consumption and sale

bull Manure as a natural fertilizer

bull Dung is used as a fuel for cooking and heating

bull Wool hides and skins are important exports

28

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Part C

A view of Fruit Culture in Afghanistan

29

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Part C

Contents of Part C

1 Introduction of Fruits and their cultivars

2 GAP (Good Agriculture Practices)

3 Harvest Process and Market

30

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

C1 Fruits and Cultivars

Priority of Fruits Based on informal Discussions with MAIL Personnel

Commercial

1 Very High Priority Grapes and Raisin

2 High Priority Almonds Pistachio Apple Pomegranate

3 Medium Priority Apricot Plum and Prunes Peach Walnut Citrus Figs

Mulberry

4 Lower Priority Pine nut Olive

Domestics consumption of

1 Other minor fruits Cherry Jujube Straw berry Persimmon Pear Loquat

Date plum

You might unfamiliar with some of them so plz follow pictures

31

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

32

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Grapes and Raisin

Initial problems of Grapes in

Afghanistan

Trellising

Pruning

Variety selection

Gibberellins application

Markets and meeting custom

standards

Reducing water wastage in

irrigation

IPM for Grapes ( Downy mildew

powdery mildew cicadas spider

mites)

33

It is very broad to state the varieties and problems of every fruit but

let us have a look to grapes and citrus

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Opportunities Excellent market in Pakistan India and Middle east for seedless

Trellising is spreading day by day

Develop of rootstock which are resistant to insects and diseases

34

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Varieties

140 - NC of PHDP

Very popular varieties of grapes in Afghanistan

35

Traditional ways to make

raisin

36

bull drying in shade or mud bricks

bullTraditional hanging system

bullModified traditional grape

hanging system

bullAlternative grape hanging

system

Alternative grape hanging

system

37

Grapes laid on netting and

highly reduce labor req

bullrack width= 1m

bullTotal rack height=3-4m

bullDistance btw drying shelves

=50-100cm depends on

farmer

bullRack frame material= iron

Conclusions the best quality raisin is produced using the traditional mud

brick structures with grapes hung from wooden stakes The use of stakes

strung like a rope ladder increase capacity of the facility

Letrsquos have a look to Citrus

38

Alternative grape hanging

system

37

Grapes laid on netting and

highly reduce labor req

bullrack width= 1m

bullTotal rack height=3-4m

bullDistance btw drying shelves

=50-100cm depends on

farmer

bullRack frame material= iron

Conclusions the best quality raisin is produced using the traditional mud

brick structures with grapes hung from wooden stakes The use of stakes

strung like a rope ladder increase capacity of the facility

Letrsquos have a look to Citrus

38

Letrsquos have a look to Citrus

38

Nursery Management of Fruit crops

Problems of Nurseries in Afghanistan

No rule regulation for nursery fields

The parent of sapling is unknown(male or female)

No quality in private sector nurseries

There is no system for the production and supply of root stock

Week government

No long term strategy low quality plant materials

Non existence of pollinators

No difference bw commercial and home gardening

Lack of certified varieties

It is expensive to produce quality sapling

Weak quarantine in boarders

39

Part C 2 GAP

PHDP ( Perennial Horticulture Development

Program)

In 6 agro climacteric regions based on fruits crops

bull Importing of new varieties

bull Germplasm

bull National collection

bull Adaptive research

bull Demonstration orchards

bull Technical training and events

bull Registered private nurseries

bull Nursery Growers Associations

40

Afghanistanrsquos Soil

Priority Problems High ph

Low organic matter (02-25)

High amount of calcium carbonate

High erosion potential

Poor soil structure

Micronutrients deficiencies (iron zinc copper and boron)

Soil fertility tests are low with nitrogen variable level of phosphorus and

adequate level of potassium

41

Priority opportunities1 Additions of organic matter ( compost cover crops animal manures)

2 Mulches

3 Conservation tillage

4 Crop rotation

5 Foliar application of nutrients

6 Correct fertilizer timing placement and amount

7 Testing fertilizer quality

42

Land preparation

Deep ploughed harrowed

Add Chemical fertilizer and manure

weeding

Breaking of clods

leveling

43

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

PHDP ( Perennial Horticulture Development

Program)

In 6 agro climacteric regions based on fruits crops

bull Importing of new varieties

bull Germplasm

bull National collection

bull Adaptive research

bull Demonstration orchards

bull Technical training and events

bull Registered private nurseries

bull Nursery Growers Associations

40

Afghanistanrsquos Soil

Priority Problems High ph

Low organic matter (02-25)

High amount of calcium carbonate

High erosion potential

Poor soil structure

Micronutrients deficiencies (iron zinc copper and boron)

Soil fertility tests are low with nitrogen variable level of phosphorus and

adequate level of potassium

41

Priority opportunities1 Additions of organic matter ( compost cover crops animal manures)

2 Mulches

3 Conservation tillage

4 Crop rotation

5 Foliar application of nutrients

6 Correct fertilizer timing placement and amount

7 Testing fertilizer quality

42

Land preparation

Deep ploughed harrowed

Add Chemical fertilizer and manure

weeding

Breaking of clods

leveling

43

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Afghanistanrsquos Soil

Priority Problems High ph

Low organic matter (02-25)

High amount of calcium carbonate

High erosion potential

Poor soil structure

Micronutrients deficiencies (iron zinc copper and boron)

Soil fertility tests are low with nitrogen variable level of phosphorus and

adequate level of potassium

41

Priority opportunities1 Additions of organic matter ( compost cover crops animal manures)

2 Mulches

3 Conservation tillage

4 Crop rotation

5 Foliar application of nutrients

6 Correct fertilizer timing placement and amount

7 Testing fertilizer quality

42

Land preparation

Deep ploughed harrowed

Add Chemical fertilizer and manure

weeding

Breaking of clods

leveling

43

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Priority opportunities1 Additions of organic matter ( compost cover crops animal manures)

2 Mulches

3 Conservation tillage

4 Crop rotation

5 Foliar application of nutrients

6 Correct fertilizer timing placement and amount

7 Testing fertilizer quality

42

Land preparation

Deep ploughed harrowed

Add Chemical fertilizer and manure

weeding

Breaking of clods

leveling

43

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Land preparation

Deep ploughed harrowed

Add Chemical fertilizer and manure

weeding

Breaking of clods

leveling

43

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Chemical Fertilizer and Organic

Two main chemical fertilizer

Urea (NPK) (46-0-0) white fertilizer ( carbamide)

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0)

P2O5 K2O

Organic manure

1 Animal manure

2 Night soil (human manure)

3 Green manure

44

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Amount and time of fertilizer

DAP at planting 25kgjerieb

Urea usually to field crops planting tillering and flowering (50kgj)

Animal manure (5-20tha)

45

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Orchard layout based on a

triangle1 Establish a straight baseline usually next to a fence or roadway (3-5m)

2 Another rope tie with that nail at the other side of field which variable

3 Adjust the other segment to met with right angle triangle

4 Make a right angle triangle to baseline using Pythagoras theorem

5 Stick along baseline and right angle line with desire row and tree spacing using tape

or knotted rope

46

Baseline with 3-5 m to roadway

Va

riab

le s

eg

me

nt

4m

4 5 m Planting

A2+B2=C2

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Orchard layout

47

5m

3m4m

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Staff training 22-25 November 2009 48

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

49

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Planting

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Care for newly set fruit plants

Cut back the new plants immediately after planting

Stacking of plants

Tie the tree loosely

Protect tree trunks for sunscald

A thick layer of mulch

Control weed (glypost round off)

Frequent irrigation

51

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Irrigation

52

bull Furrow Irrigation

bullBasin

bullFlood

bullDrip

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Intercropping and

Covercroping

53

bull Nitrogen fixation

bullGreen manure

bullIncrease population of pollinators

bullProtecting of erosion by water and air

water and wind

bullProviding a firm surface for harvesting

bullNo ground water pollution by spraying

bullCrowding out harm weeds

bullInfiltration of water

bullHelping manage water in the planting

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Training and Pruning of Deciduous fruitsWe use three types of systems for almond apricot plum

apple peach pear

Centre leader system ( walnut pistachio pin nuthellip

Open center system (almond apricot plum apple peach pearhellip)

Modified center system( apple fig hellip

Depends on crop climate seasons production goal etc

54

Training and Pruning of Grapes

Traditional Bush vine system and its conversion to I-Trellising

T- Trellising

I- trellising

55

T-Trellising I-Trellising

C3 Harvest Process and

Market

Pick your own

By hands

By machines

By chemicals

56

Process

Very less amount of fruits goes to

processing in Afghanistan while a

large portion used in form of fresh

fruits

57

Market

Afghanistanrsquos dry fruits nuts and fresh fruits have

well demanded market in Pakistan India UAE

China and Russia

58

Thank you for your attention

59

Process

Very less amount of fruits goes to

processing in Afghanistan while a

large portion used in form of fresh

fruits

57

Market

Afghanistanrsquos dry fruits nuts and fresh fruits have

well demanded market in Pakistan India UAE

China and Russia

58

Thank you for your attention

59

Market

Afghanistanrsquos dry fruits nuts and fresh fruits have

well demanded market in Pakistan India UAE

China and Russia

58

Thank you for your attention

59

Thank you for your attention

59