A Universal Design Approach for Providing Computer Access
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Transcript of A Universal Design Approach for Providing Computer Access
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A Universal Design Approach for Providing Computer Access
University of Washington
Seattle
Sheryl BurgstahlerTerrill Thompson
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Access to IT is Important Because IT:
changes the way we live, work, learn, & communicate, & play
drives advances in other fields powers the economy
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Presentation Outline• About our two Centers at UW• Approaches to Access• Assistive Technology• Universal Design Approach• Implications for Practice• The UW Experience• Resources
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Access Technology Center (ATC) Founded 1984 Funded by UWDO-IT Center Founded1992 Supported with federal, state,
corporate, private funds Expanded to DO-IT Japan in
2007
Two UW Centers
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DO-IT Center
Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, & Technology
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DO-IT Goal: To increase the success of individuals with disabilities in postsecondary education & careers, using technology as an empowering tool.
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DO-IT Addresses Challenges diminished support systems after high
school little access to successful role models inadequate self-advocacy skills lack of or ineffective accommodations low expectations on the part of people
with whom they interact & …
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…lack of access to technology that can increase:
• education• careers• family life• community• recreation
• independence• productivity• participation
in
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ensures computers, software & computing services
are accessible to UW faculty,
students & staff
The Access Technology Center…
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Consults & trains on accessible design of IT
Hosts showroom of assistive technology (AT)
Consults & trains on hardware & software
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Integrates AT into campus computer labs
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Ability on a Continuum
seehearwalk
read printwrite with pen or pencilcommunicate verbally
tune out distractionlearn
manage physical/mental health
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Evolution of access approaches: Attitude ActionExclusion NoneAllowed if you can fit in
Cure, RehabilitationAccommodation
Social justice Universal DesignAccommodation
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Accommodation =
Alternate format, service, &/or adjustment for a specificindividual
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“Coffeepot for Masochists”, Catalog of Unfindable Objects by Jacques Carelman; in Donald Norman’s The Psychology of Everyday Things, 1988
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Universal design =
“the design of products & environments to be usable by all
people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialized design.”
The Center for Universal Designwww.design.ncsu.edu/cud
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How could you universally design a name tag?
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• an attitude that values diversity, equity, & inclusion.
• a goal.• a process.
• practices that make educational products & environments welcoming, accessible, & usable for everyone.
UD in education is:
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Apply universal design to:
• Student services• Instruction• Technology• Physical spaces…
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Problem Solution
access to computers
access to electronic resources
assistive technology(AT)
universal design
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Very Short History of AT: Rodney & the Apple II
• 6 years old• No use of hands & legs
• Used Mouth wand• Issue: Could not press 2 keys at once
• Solution: Engineering student build switch box to lock shift, control, repeat keys
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Closing the Gap Resource Directory provides just a sample of:
342 hardware products 982 software products 112 other AT 251 producers of AT
Now: Thousands of Products
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Jeanine Cook, Ph.D.Associate Professor, Electrical & Computer EngineeringNew Mexico State University
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Sang-Mook Lee, Ph.D.GeoscienceProfessor, Seoul National University
• sip & puff, head controls• onscreen keyboard• English speech input• phone-computer
interface
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Anthony ArnoldAT SpecialistPrentke Romich
• synthesized voice on communication device
• touch screen• computer-based
environmental control, phone access
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Kayla BrownUW student
• laptop computer• miniature mouse• speech
recognition• smart phone
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Jessie ShulmanBA, InformaticsBusiness Analyst Amazon.com
• speech output• speech input• grammar/spell
checker
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Nicole TorcoliniBachelors Degree Computer ScienceStanfordGoogle
• speech output• Braille translation
software• Braille display &
printer
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Imke Durre, Ph.D.ClimatologistNational Weather Service• speech output• Braille translation
software• Braille display & printer• speech input• Morse code foot switch
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Christian Vogler, Ph. D.Computer Scientist Gallaudet University
• visual notifications for
audio alerts• captions• sign language
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AT may be part of the solution
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Image: Many Stairs
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Old School Technologies
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Today: Technological Diversity
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We All Have Choices
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Today's Design Process
• Make no assumptions about users' needs or technologies
• Design and develop according to standards
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A Very Brief History of the World Wide Web
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Sir Tim Berners Lee• Proposed the Web in
March 1989 • Demonstrated it in
1990• Wrote HTML in 1993 • Founded the World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994
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HTML 1.2• Written by Tim Berners-Lee in a
memo in June 1993• Introduced the <img> tag• Simultaneously introduced the ALT
attribute for people who couldn't see the image
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W3C Accessibility StandardsWeb Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • 1.0 published in 1999• 2.0 (the current version) published in 2008• Three levels of success criteria
- 26 “Level A” success criteria – the most important- 13 “Level AA” success criteria – also important- 23 “Level AAA” success criteria – maximum accessibility
• Four principles (POUR): - Perceivable- Operable- Understandable- Robust
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More W3C Accessibility Standards• Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
1.0• User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 • Accessible Rich Internet Applications
(ARIA)• Defines new markup that communicates: • Role (e.g., menu, slider, dialog, alert) • State (e.g., is this hidden? Is it expanded?)• Properties (e.g., what are the maximum
and minimum values on a slider? What is the current value?)
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IT Accessibility Standards & The Law• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
• Passed in 1973; no IT accessibility standards • Americans with Disabilities Act
• Passed in 1990; no IT accessibility standards • Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
• Amended in 1998 • Requires IT accessibility of federal agencies• IT accessibility standards published in 2001• Standards currently undergoing a "refresh"• Latest draft (December 2011) adopted
WCAG 2.0 at Level AA
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Proposed New ADA Rules• July 2010 - U.S. Department of
Justice proposed new rules that clarify ADA requirements related to web accessibility
• Jan 2011 – Public comment period ended
• In RFC DOJ was considering adopting WCAG 2.0 at Level AA
• More news – maybe rules – expected in July 2013?
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The law requires that we include everyone1 but…
1 “qualified individuals”
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Why wouldn't we do that anyway?
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Including everyone benefits our course, our institution, and our world…
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What are higher education institutions
doing to promote IT accessibility? Developing accessibility policies
• 26.1% of Doctorate institutions have policies that address web or IT accessibility (8.4% of all U.S. institutions)
Offering trainings, providing support resources, building community Approximately 100 institutions have over 1000 results
when searching their website for "web accessibility" Building accessibility requirements into RFPs and
contracts We're dependent on IT vendors for accessibility If we don't all demand accessibility, they can't hear us
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Universal Design & Video: Closed Captions
Captions make video accessible to the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Captions help ESL viewers
Captions can be translated on-the-fly into other languages
Captions are searchable
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Universal Design & The iPhone Speech output Speech input Screen/text enlargement Variable colors/contrast Audible, visible, vibrating alerts Assignable ringtones Bluetooth connectivity for
keyboard, refreshable Braille display, …
Accessibility built-in for most apps
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Universal Design & Video: Interactive Transcript
Provides access to video for:
Braille users (Deaf/blind)
People with low Internet bandwidth
People who want information quickly
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Share Your StoriesWhat are you doing on your campus that exemplifies a Universal Design approach to technology access?
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The UW ExperienceReporting structures & roles of Access Technology Center, Learning Technologies & Disability Resources for Students
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The UW ExperienceIT Accessibility Task Force with representation from: UW External Affairs UW-IT Disability Resources for Students Office of Risk Management
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The UW ExperienceIT Accessibility Task Force focused on three areas: Enhancement of online UW-IT Promote accessible IT Explore policies/processes
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The UW ExperienceIT Accessibility Task Force accomplishments of members: Collaborated to create accessible WordPress
and Drupal Templates/Themes Updated content/organization of IT
Accessibility website & added videos Video captioning RFP Risk assessment report developed UW Marketing helping to promote
accessibility Continuing to work together
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Resources
IT Accessibility Website www.uw.edu/accessibility
DO-IT Video www.uw.edu/doit/video
Center on Universal Design in Educationwww.uw.edu/doit/CUDE
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Questions?