Heather Healy, Stickeyes DMX Dublin 2014 - 5 ways Brands Tackled Social Media Crises
A Typology of Social Media Crises
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Transcript of A Typology of Social Media Crises
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E ]{wo`oc{ oh Todke` Limke D~ktit
Etjskb Le`tji
Ettkt}eb} W~ohitto~, Le~fi}kbc
ITTID Nytkbitt Tdjoo`, We~ktTkbcewo~i
Kbd~ietkbc`{ todke` limke e~i cekbkbc klwo~}ebdi kb ixi~{ se`f oh oy~ `kxit" Hedinoof,
ybmoyn}im`{ }ji lot} wowy`e~ todke` bi}so~f ed~ott }ji so~`m, bos jet lo~i }jeb :77 lk``kob
lob}j`{ ed}kxi yti~t"5 O}ji~ todke` bi}so~fkbc ti~xkdit tydj et Cooc`i W`yt, ]sk}}i~, ebm
[oy]yni iedj jet lk``kobt oh yti~t" Wiow`i twibm e `e~ci eloyb} oh }kli ob todke` limke ixi~{
me{, `iexkbc e }~ek` oh }jik~ ed}kobt ob }ji todke` bi}so~fkbc Sintk}it" ]ji wjo}ot }ji{ tje~i
sk}j }jik~ h~kibmt, }ji e~}kd`it }ji{ @kfi ob Hedinoof, }ji xkmiot }ji{ se}dj ob [oy]yni, ebm
}ji `kbft }ji{ ]sii} }o }jik~ ho``osi~t, e`` emm yw }o }ji c~oskbc ~iwotk}o~{ oh }jik~ wi~tobe`
kbho~le}kob sk}j }ji todke` bi}so~fkbc tk}it" Hedinoof ebm o}ji~t jexi sie`}j oh me}e enoy}
e`lot} ixi~{ etwid} oh }jik~ yti~t `kxit" Bo sobmi~ leb{ dolwebkit e~i kb}i~it}im kb ihhkdkib}`{
}e~ci}kbc dyt}oli~t netim ob }jik~ nijexko~e` dje~ed}i~kt}kdt" Lo~i ebm lo~i hk~lt c`one``{ e~i
emow}kbc todke` limke t}~e}ickit" ]o ci} d`oti~ }o }jik~ dyt}oli~t, leb{ dolwebkit e~i ibceckbc
sk}j }jik~ dobtyli~t ob mkhhi~ib} todke` bi}so~ft"
Obi oh }ji fi{ nibihk}t oh ytkbc todke` limke le~fi}kbc kt }ji }sose{ dollybkde}kob
}je} hk~lt deb jexi sk}j }jik~ dobtyli~t" Dobtyli~t `kfi k} nideyti }ji{ deb ibceci kb
dobxi~te}kobt sk}j }ji n~ebmt }ji{ ny{" ]ji{ deb dolw`ekb enoy} }jik~ nem izwi~kibdit o~
dolw`klib} }ji n~ebmt ob coom obit" Ob }ji o}ji~ jebm, hk~lt xe`yi ibceckbc ob todke` limke
nideyti tydj ibcecilib} w~itib}t }jil sk}j eb owwo~}ybk}{ }o te}kth{ dobtyli~ uyi~kit
kllimke}i`{, tjos }ji hk~lt jyleb tkmi, ebm ce}ji~ kbt}eb} hiimnedf" Ho~ izelw`i, Mi`` ytit
]sk}}i~ xi~{ ihhid}kxi`{ }o jebm`i k}t dyt}oli~ ti~xkdi" Tklk`e~`{ O`m Twkdi d~ie}im eb
emxi~}ktkbc delwekcb izd`ytkxi`{ ob [oy]yni" K} kt bos obi oh }ji lot} tydditthy` todke` limke
delwekcbt oh e`` }klit"
Sji~iet todke` limke jet d~ie}im xe`yen`i nibihk}t ho~ hk~lt, }ji{ jexi e`to kb}~omydim e
fi{ m~esnedf" ]ji kbd~ietim ihhkdkibd{ oh dollybkde}kob ebm kb}kled{ sk}j dobtyli~t doli e}
}ji dot} oh jkcji~ ~ktfkbitt oh }ji nytkbitt" Yti~t deb tje~i eb e~}kd`i, xkmio, o~ wjo}oc~ewj sk}j
}jik~ todke` bi}so~f e} }ji d`kdf oh e ny}}ob, }jyt tw~iemkbc e hk~lt dob}ib} xk~e``{, cibi~e}kbc
5j}}w1//tid"cox/E~djkxit/imce~/me}e/54>8:75/77755;45>95>74=953/m>:3;9=mt5"j}l
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skmi xktknk`k}{ kbt}eb}ebioyt`{" Ized}`{ }ji teli se{, yti~t deb je~l hk~lt n{ tje~kbc nem
izwi~kibdit, ~ylo~t, o~ ixib}t }je} si~i wy~i eddkmib}t" ]ji `k}}`i eddoyb}enk`k}{ ob }ji Kb}i~bi}
wy}t hk~lt kb e }kcj} two}" ]ji~i kt bo lomi~e}o~ ob }ji todke` bi}so~ft sjo lobk}o~t }ji h`os ob
}ji kbho~le}kob tywi~ jkcjse{"
Kb }ji wet} hkxi {ie~t, tixi~e` dolwebkit jexi hedim ti~koyt d~ktit i~yw}kbc ~kcj} kb h~ob}
oh }jik~ i{it" Todke` limke d~ktit h`e~i yw uykdf`{ ebm tw~iem e} }ji twiim oh `kcj}" ]ji teli xk~e`
be}y~i oh todke` limkyl }je} lefit k} to e}}~ed}kxi }o hk~lt e`to lefit k} `i}je` ebm ~ktf{"
E`}joycj e `e~ci eloyb} oh `k}i~e}y~i izkt}t ob lebeckbc d~ktit, `k}}`i t{t}ile}kd fbos`imci
w~ixek`t ob jebm`kbc d~ktit ob todke` limke" ]ji `edf oh ybmi~t}ebmkbc kt cibi~e``{ myi }o }ji
bisbitt oh todke` limke ebm e`to myi }o }ji skmi ~ebci oh se{t kb sjkdj d~ktit deb mixi`ow" Kb
}jkt djew}i~ K e}}ilw} }o tylle~kqi }ji mkhhi~ib} todke` limke d~ktit ebm d~ie}i e }{wo`oc{" Biz},
m~eskbc ywob }ji edemilkd ebm w~ed}k}kobi~ `k}i~e}y~i, K w~owoti ihhid}kxi t}~e}ickit ho~ ne}}`kbc
}jiti d~ktit"
]ose~mt E ]{wo`oc{ oh Todke` Limke D~ktit
]ji~i e~i tixi~e` se{t kb sjkdj obi deb c~oyw todke` limke d~ktit" Eb kb}yk}kxi d~k}i~kob
ho~ de}ico~kqe}kob deb ni }ji }{wi oh todke` limkyl" Sji}ji~ }ji d~ktkt ili~cim ob Hedinoof,
]sk}}i~, o~ [oy]yni di~}ekb`{ de``t ho~ mkhhi~ib} t}~e}ickit }o emm~itt ebm dob}ekb }ji d~ktkt" Ho~
izelw`i, e xkmio ob [oy]yni deb ni lydj lo~i wosi~hy` kb dobxi{kbc e litteci et dolwe~im
}o e ]sii}" E`}joycj e xe`km de}ico~kqe}kob, tydj c~oywkbc e`to ettylit }je} mkhhi~ib} todke`
limke e~i kbmiwibmib}" Ny} k}t bo} }ji deti" D~ktkt deb tw~iem h~ol obi bi}so~f }o ebo}ji~
uykdf`{" Toli}jkbc }je} t}e~}im ob Hedinoof deb ni tje~im sk}j o}ji~t ob Cooc`i W`yt o~
]sk}}i~" E [oy]yni xkmio le{ cibi~e}i lo~i mktdyttkob ob Hedinoof ~e}ji~ }jeb ob [oy]yni"
]ji~iho~i, kmib}kh{kbc d~ktkt n{ }ji todke` limkyl ob sjkdj k} set kbk}ke}im moit bo} tiil
eww~ow~ke}i"
K ~i`{ ob e ~i`e}kxi`{ ~idib} ebm dolw~ijibtkxi }{wo`oc{ oh d~ktit w~owotim n{ Cybmi`
*>779+ kb o~mi~ }o mixi`ow e }{wo`oc{ oh todke` limke d~ktit" Cybmi` *>779+ de}ico~kqim d~ktit
kb}o hoy~ }{wit netim ob }jik~ w~imkd}enk`k}{ *jkcj xt" `os+ ebm dob}~o``enk`k}{ *jkcj xt" `os+" Ji
wy}t eb ilwjetkt ob w~imkd}enk`k}{ nideyti, kb cibi~e`, o~cebkqe}kobt deb mitkcb liety~it }o
w~oed}kxi`{ i`klkbe}i e d~ktkt o~ e} `iet} w~iwe~i }ji ~itwobti }o e d~ktkt netim ob k}t
w~imkd}enk`k}{" Josixi~, sjib si dobhkbi oy~ mktdyttkob }o }ji d~ktit kbk}ke}im o~ ybho`mkbc ob
todke` limke, dobtkmi~e}kob oh w~imkd}enk`k}{ nidolit `itt d~k}kde`" K e~cyi }je} myi }o k}t owib ebm
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xk~e` be}y~i, todke` limke lefi d~ktit e`lot} ybw~imkd}en`i" ]ji~iho~i, e`}joycj o~cebkqe}kobt
deb wy} kb w`edi liety~it }o exokm d~ktkt`kfi tk}ye}kobt, }ji w~imkd}enk`k}{ oh }ji }kli, w`edi, o~
}ji be}y~i oh d~ktkt kt e`lot} qi~o" ]ji w~imkd}kob kt dolw`kde}im emmk}kobe``{ n{ }ji c`one` be}y~i
oh todke` limke, sjkdj }~ebtdibm bo} ob`{ cioc~ewjkde` ny} e`to dy`}y~e` noybme~kit" ]ji hetjkob
mitkcbi~ ebm nytkbittleb Fibbi}j Do`i `ie~bim }jkt }ji je~m se{, sjib ji ]sii}im eb
kbtibtk}kxi litteci enoy} E~en Tw~kbc>"
Ebo}ji~ wottkn`i ~ietob ho~ `os w~imkd}enk`k}{ oh todke` limke d~ktit kt }ji `edf oh kb
miw}j ybmi~t}ebmkbc elobc o~cebkqe}kobt enoy} }ji se{ todke` limke so~f" Leb{ dolwebkit
t}k`` wi~dikxi todke` limke le~fi}kbc e betdib} e~ie bo} so~}j{ oh `e~ci kbxit}lib}t" ]jkt
ybmi~kbxit}lib} `iemt }o }so ~i`e}im w~on`ilt" Hk~t}, }ji ilw`o{iit jebm`kbc todke` limke jexi
`k}}`i ~itoy~dit o~ kbdib}kxit }o t{t}ile}kde``{ ebe`{qi }ji d~ktit }je} jexi niib }efkbc w`edi
~icy`e~`{" Kb e >77; ty~xi{ oh lo~i }jeb =77 Eli~kdeb hk~lt, emxi~}ktkbc ecibd{ ^ytti`` Ji~mi~
hoybm }je} lot} dolwebkit mkmb} jexi nit} w~ed}kdit ho~ todke` limke" Tydj ewe}j{ kt `kfi`{ }o
lefi k} mkhhkdy`} ho~ tydj hk~lt }o w~imkd} todke` limke d~ktit" Tidobm, `edf oh ~itoy~dit e`to
`iemt }o ~i`e}kxi`{ tle`` todke` limke }ielt, sjkdj kb toli detit jebm`i lolib}oyt eloyb} oh
me}e" Ai~ilkej Os{ebc oh Sin dobty`}ebd{ E`}kli}i~ ~iwo~}t4 }je} ob exi~eci do~wo~e}i todke`
limke }ielt dobtkt} oh 55 wi~tobt }{wkde``{ tje~kbc hoy~ }etft1 `iemi~tjkw ebm xktkob,
dollybkde}kbc sk}j ebm imyde}kbc o}ji~ nytkbitt ybk}t, dyt}oli~ ibcecilib}, ebm w~oc~el
lebecilib}" Tydj }ielt lkcj} ni oxi~ny~mibim }o t{t}ile}kde``{ ebe`{qi ebm w~imkd} wottkn`i
d~ktit`kfi tk}ye}kobt" ]ji~iho~i, K exokm ytkbc w~imkd}enk`k}{ et e netkt ho~ de}ico~kqkbc todke`
limke d~ktit"
Dob}~o``enk`k}{ kt e d~k}kde` hed}o~ ho~ cibi~e` d~ktkt lebecilib} et si`` et twidkhkde``{ ho~
todke` limke" D~ktit sk}j `os dob}~o``enk`k}{ e~i mebci~oyt ebm deb tde~ }ji d~imknk`k}{ oh }ji
hk~lt ho~ e `obc }kli" Kb todke` limke, myi }o }ji tiilkbc wi~lebibdi oh dob}ib} ob }ji Kb}i~bi},
`obc}i~l klwed} oh ixib e tle`` lkt}efi kt lecbkhkim" Dob}~oxi~tke` e~}kd`it }je} si~i {ebfim
h~ol }ji o~kckbe` sintk}it ~ilekb e`kxi ob tixi~e` n`oct sjkdj mktw`e{ e`` o~ we~} oh }ji o~kckbe`
dob}ib}" ^ocyi ]sii}t }je} aiowe~mkqim ly`}klk``kob mo``e~ le~fi}kbc delwekcbt deb ni mi`i}im
kllimke}i`{, ny} k}t td~iibtjo}t }efib ebm tje~im n{ ib}jytket}kd ]sk}}i~ ho``osi~t ~ilekb ob }ji
Sin ho~ {ie~t }o doli"
> j}}w1//lobi{"dbb"dol/ce``i~kit/>755/bist/555>/ce``i~{"mylnit}lolib}t>755/:"j}l`4 j}}w1//sss"sint}~e}ickt}"dol/n`oc/>755/5>/>>/me}edolwotk}kobohedo~wo~e}itodke`limke}iel/
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E`}joycj w~kle hedki k} tiilt }je} e`` todke` limke d~ktit jexi `os dob}~o``enk`k}{, k} kt
bo} biditte~k`{ }~yi" E his dolwebkit jexi exi~}im }jik~ d~ktkt`kfi tk}ye}kobt h~ol }y~bkbc kb}o
hy``n`osb d~ktit" Ho~ izelw`i, sjib e ^im D~ott todke` limke t}~e}ickt} n{ lkt}efi wot}im e
]sii} enoy} e`dojo` ob }ji ohhkdke` ^im D~ott ]sk}}i~ eddoyb}, ^im D~ott bo} ob`{ ~iloxim }je}
]sii} uykdf`{ ny} e`to ohhi~im e sk}}{ dollib} ob }ji hketdo, }ji~in{ lefkbc `kcj} oh }ji
tk}ye}kob" Tydj kbdkmibdit e~i bo} oy}`ki~t ebm kb e his tk}ye}kobt, todke` limke d~ktit deb kbmiim
jexi jkcj `ixi` oh dob}~o``enk`k}{"
]ji ihho~} eb o~cebkqe}kob biimt }o wy} kb dob}~o``kbc e todke` limke d~ktkt le{ xe~{
ed~ott mkhhi~ib} d~ktit" Ho~ izelw`i, kb deti oh ^im D~ott k} set ~i`e}kxi`{ ietki~ }o dob}~o` }ji
ili~ckbc d~ktkt" Josixi~, kb deti oh Fibbi}j Do`i, sjo ]sii}im }o jkt ho``osi~t }je} }ji E~en
tw~kbc set ayt} e ~itwobti }o eleqkbc mktdoyb}t Fibbi}j Do`i set ohhi~kbc, }ji ihho~}t ~iuyk~im
kb dob}~o``kbc }ji d~ktkt si~i bo} }~kxke`" K lyt} wokb} oy} }je} kb deti oh Fibbi}j Do`it tk}ye}kob
}ji dob}~o``enk`k}{ oh }ji d~ktkt tk}ye}kob t}k`` ~ilekbim jkcj" ]jkt kt nideyti }ji ]sii} set
o~kckbe}im h~ol obi wi~tob, Fibbi}j Do`i, sjo soy`m `e}i~ ewo`ockqi }o }ji wyn`kd ebm djebci
}ji doy~ti" K}, bobi}ji`itt, milebmim lydj lo~i ihho~} kb iz}kbcyktjkbc }ji hk~i nideyti }ji
]sii} jem tw~iem kb }ji todke` limke iz}ibtkxi`{"
K} kt d~k}kde` }o ybmi~t}ebm }ji mkhhi~ibdi ni}siib }ji }so dobt}~yd}t1 ieti oh dob}~o` ebm
}ji mic~ii oh dob}~o``enk`k}{" Kb toli detit, }ji oxi~e`` dob}~o``enk`k}{ oh }ji d~ktkt deb ni `os"
Sk}jkb }je} ti} oh detit, e his d~ktit deb ni lebecim, }o sje}ixi~ `klk}im iz}ib}, sk}j `itt ihho~}
sjk`i }ji ~it} le{ ~iuyk~i lo~i ihho~}" K sk`` yti }so izelw`it }o k``yt}~e}i }jkt wokb}" Ybk}im
Ek~`kbit, e YTnetim ek~`kbi, hedim e leao~ d~ktkt sjib obi oh k}t mktc~yb}`im wettibci~t, Mexi
De~~o``, ~ido~mim e we~om{ tobc }k}`im Ybk}im N~ieft Cyk}e~t ebm tje~im k} ob [oy]yni" ]ji
tobc nideli eb kbt}eb} jk}, ce~bi~kbc lk``kobt oh xkist uykdf`{" De~~o``, e Debemkeb lytkdkeb,
~ido~mim ebm tje~im }so lo~i tobct enoy} Ybk}im" Ybk}im set e `k}}`i t`os }o ~ied}, sjkdj lemi
le}}i~t so~ti nideyti liebsjk`i }ji }~emk}kobe` limke tydj et ]X ebm ~emko e`to wkdfim yw }ji
t}o~{ }efkbc k} kb}o lk``kobt oh Eli~kdeb jolit" Oxi~e`` }jkt set e tk}ye}kob sk}j xi~{ `os
dob}~o``enk`k}{ h~ol Ybk}imt t}ebm wokb}"
Ybk}im doy`m jexi t}k`` e}}ilw}im }o lebeci }ji d~ktkt sk}j ~i`e}kxi`{ `itt ihho~}" ]ji
~ietob De~~o`` lemi }ji xkmio nideyti Ybk}im Ek~ necceci jebm`i~t n~ofi jkt cyk}e~ ebm `e}i~
Ybk}im t}ehh ~ihytim }o we{ ho~ }ji ~iwek~t, sjkdj eloyb}im }o -5,>77" Dobtkmi~kbc }ji }~kxke`k}{
oh }ji eloyb} kbxo`xim kb }jkt d~ktkt, k} set ~i`e}kxi`{ e `os dot} to`y}kob ho~ Ybk}im }o ohhi~ }ji
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lobi{ }o De~~o`` ebm dob}~o` }ji d~ktkt }o toli iz}ib}" Oh doy~ti, }ji~i set bo cye~eb}ii }je}
De~~o`` soy`m jexi ~ih~ekbim h~ol tje~kbc jkt tobc ob [oy]yni eh}i~ ci}}kbc }ji ~iwek~ lobi{"
Kb obi kb}i~xkis ji }o`m }ji bist djebbi` }je} ji set ilo}kobe``{ e}}edjim }o jkt cyk}e~ ebm ixib
eh}i~ }ji ~iwek~t k} mkmb} toybm et coom et niho~i" ]jyt, kb }jkt tk}ye}kob, }ji~i set `k}}`i Ybk}im
doy`m mo }o dob}~o` }ji tk}ye}kob h~ol ci}}kbc oy} oh }ji jebmt ebm nidolkbc e d~ktkt"
Bobi}ji`itt, }ji{ doy`m jexi ietk`{ exi~}im emmk}kobe` bice}kxi wyn`kdk}{ n{ ~iklny~tkbc De~~o``
ho~ jkt }~oyn`it"
]ji ey}olonk`i lebyhed}y~i~ Dj~{t`i~ hoybm k}ti`h kb e tklk`e~`{ mkhhkdy`} tk}ye}kob sji~i
}ji dob}~o``enk`k}{ oh d~ktkt set uyk}i `os" My~kbc }ji >755 Tywi~nos`, e leao~ Eli~kdeb
two~}kbc ixib} }je} kt se}djim n{ lk``kobt ob }ji ]X, Dj~{t`i~ `eybdjim eb emxi~}ktkbc delwekcb
e~oybm }ji }jili oh we}~ko}ktl, Eli~kdeb xe`yit, ebm kb we~}kdy`e~ k}t o~kckbt kb Mi}~ok}, }ji dk}{
sji~i `e~ci YT ey}olonk`i lebyhed}y~i~t jexi jiemuye~}i~t" Dj~{t`i~ jk~im }ji wowy`e~ ~ewwi~
Ilkbil ebm ek~im e }solkby}i dolli~dke` my~kbc }ji Tywi~nos`" ]ji emxi~}ktilib} set we~}
oh e ly`}klk``kob mo``e~ delwekcb Dj~{t`i~ `eybdjim sjk`i w~olo}kbc Mi}~ok} et e Lo}o~ Dk}{"
Kllimke}i`{ eh}i~ }jkt em delwekcb, obi oh }ji ilw`o{iit so~fkbc ho~ Dj~{t`i~t
dob}~ed}im todke` limke le~fi}kbc ecibd{ i~~obioyt`{ ]sii}im h~ol }ji ohhkdke` Dj~{t`i~
eddoyb} }je} sjk`i Mi}~ok} set e Lo}o~ Dk}{, bonom{ }ji~i tiilim }o fbos jos }o m~kxi" ]jkt
]sii} e`to jem e dy~ti so~m sjkdj lemi }ji dollybkde}kob we~}kdy`e~`{ onbozkoyt" Sk}jkb
lkby}it, kh bo} tidobmt, }ji ]sii} set wy``im ohh" Josixi~, n{ }jib todke` limke dollybk}{
lilni~t jem e`~iem{ }efib td~iibtjo}t oh }ji ohhibtkxi ]sii}" ]ome{, e`}joycj }jkt ]sii}
moitb} izkt} ob ohhkdke` Dj~{t`i~ ]sk}}i~ hiim, k} `kxit ob jybm~imt oh n`oct }je} ~iwo~}im ebm
mktdyttim }jkt t}o~{" Et he~ et }ji dob}~o``enk`k}{ oh }jkt d~ktkt kt dobdi~bim, Dj~{t`i~ hoybm k}ti`h
kb et nem e tk}ye}kob et Ybk}im Ek~`kbit" Josixi~, Dj~{t`i~ hedim e lydj }oycji~ }etf }o dob}~o`
ixib }ji `k}}`i nk} k} doy`m dob}~o`" Yb`kfi Ybk}im, kb }jkt deti, Dj~{t`i~ set bo} kb e wotk}kob }o
tklw`{ we{ k}t se{ oy}" Yb`kfi Fibbi}j Do`i, k} doy`m bo} uykdf`{ ewo`ockqi ebm wy} n`eli ob
obi wi~tob" K} kt xi~{ `kfi`{ wiow`i sk`` }jkbf }je} }ji wi~tob Dj~{t`i~ n`elim set ayt} e
tdewicoe}" Oxi~e``, Dj~{t`i~ hedim e d~ktkt }je} jem `os dob}~o``enk`k}{ ebm ~iuyk~im jkcj ihho~} }o
dob}~o` sje}ixi~ Dj~{t`i~ doy`m dob}~o`"
Sji~iet ^im D~ott ebm Fibbi}j Do`i no}j hedim d~ktit sk}j jkcj `ixi`t oh
dob}~o``enk`k}{, iedj d~ktkt ~iuyk~im mkhhi~ib} `ixi` oh ihho~} }o dob}~o`" Ho~ ^im D~ott dob}~o` set
~i`e}kxi`{ iet{ ny} ho~ Fibbi}j Do`i k} set mkhhkdy`}" Tklk`e~`{, Ybk}im Ek~`kbi ebm Dj~{t`i~ hedim
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d~ktit sk}j `os `ixi`t oh dob}~o``enk`k}{" Ny} Ybk}im doy`m izi~dkti k}t `klk}im dob}~o` sk}j
~i`e}kxi`{ `itt ihho~} sjk`i Dj~{t`i~ biimim iz}ibtkxi ihho~}" ]jkt ~ektit e uyit}kob1 Sje}
mi}i~lkbit }ji ieti oh dob}~o` kb e todke` limke d~ktkt?
K w~owoti }je} e tidobm d~k}i~kob ho~ de}ico~kqe}kob oh todke` limke d~ktit mi}i~lkbit }ji
ieti oh dob}~o`" H~ol }ji xe~koyt izelw`it }je} K jexi izelkbim, k} ewwie~t }je} }ji tjodf xe`yi
oh }ji }~kcci~ }je} t}e~}im }ji d~ktkt deb, }o toli iz}ib}, izw`ekb }ji ieti oh dob}~o``kbc }ji d~ktkt"
Tklw`{ wy}, lo~i }ji tjodf xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~, lo~i mkhhkdy`} k} kt }o dob}~o` }ji d~ktkt" K lyt}
d`e~kh{ }je} sk}joy} eb{ t{t}ile}kd, `e~ci tde`i t}ym{, k} kt mkhhkdy`} }o te{ }o sje} iz}ib} tjodf
xe`yi izw`ekbt }ji ieti oh dob}~o`" Josixi~, ckxib }ji izw`o~e}o~{ be}y~i oh }jkt djew}i~, K soy`m
`kfi }o w~owoti }jkt et e wo}ib}ke` izw`ebe}kob" ]ji exek`en`i detit hk} kb}o }ji we}}i~b }o e c~ie}
iz}ib} ckxkbc e} `iet} hedi xe`kmk}{ }o l{ w~owote`"
Dobt}~yd}kbc ]{wo`oc{ oh Todke` Limke D~ktit
Et mktdyttim enoxi, K yti }so mklibtkobt ho~ de}ico~kqkbc todke` limke d~ktit"
Dob}~o``enk`k}{, }ji hk~t} mklibtkob, kt netim ob Cybmi` *>779+" K mihkbi dob}~o``enk`k}{ et
ho``ost1
Dob}~o``enk`k}{1 E todke` limke d~ktkt kt dob}~o``en`i kh ~itwobtit }o `klk} o~ i`klkbe}i }ji
d~ktkt n{ kbh`yibdkbc k}t deytit e~i fbosb et si`` et izidy}en`i"
Et mktdyttim ie~`ki~, dob}~o``enk`k}{ deb ni jkcj o~ `os" Hy~}ji~, }ji ihho~} ~iuyk~im }o
dob}~o` e d~ktkt deb e`to ni jkcj o~ `os" ]jkt ihho~}, et K e~cyi, kt e hybd}kob oh tjodf xe`yi oh }ji
}~kcci~" ]ji tjodf xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~ ~ihi~t }o }ji iz}ib} }o sjkdj e d~ktkt}~kcci~kbc kbdkmibdi
ohhibmim }ji todke` limke dollybk}{" E tkbc`i ixib} deb tjodf lettit mkhhi~ib}`{ miwibmkbc ob
}ji dob}iz}" Ho~ izelw`i, Foij`i~ ebm Ci~tjohh *>774+ tjos }je} sjib e d~kli kt dollk}}im n{
e tidy~k}{ wi~tobbi`, sjo kt tywwotim }o w~ixib} }ji d~kli, izwi~klib}e` tynaid}t }ibm }o ese~m
`obci~ w~ktob tib}ibdit et dolwe~im }o sjib }ji d~kli kt dollk}}im n{ e wi~tob sk}joy} eb{
on`kce}kob }o w~ixib} d~kli" Josixi~, y`}kle}i`{ e d~kli jet }ji teli tixi~k}{ k~~itwid}kxi oh
sjo dollk}t k}" Bobi}ji`itt, wiow`i hii` ni}~e{im ebm }ji~iho~i tjodfim sjib }ji wi~tob sjo
kt tywwotim }o t}ow }ji d~kli dollk}t k}" ]jyt, tjodf xe`yi miwibmt bo} ob`{ ob }ji be}y~i oh
}~kcci~ ny} e`to ob }ji dob}iz}" Ho~ izelw`i, e ]sii} h~ol LdMobe`mt lefkbc hyb oh
t`eycj}i~kbc dost kt `kfi`{ }o jexi `itt tjodf xe`yi et dolwe~im }o }ji teli ]sii} n{ WI]E"
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Tklk`e~`{, Fibbi}j Do`it ]sii} lefkbc hyb oh E~en Tw~kbc kt `kfi`{ }o jexi lydj `itt tjodf
xe`yi kh k} si~i dollybkde}im si`` eh}i~ E~en yw~ktkbc set oxi~"
Netim ob }jkt mktdyttkob K ohhi~ ho``oskbc mihkbk}kob oh tjodf xe`yi oh }~kcci~"
Tjodf xe`yi oh }~kcci~1 Tjodf xe`yi ~ihi~t }o }ji mic~ii }o sjkdj eb kbdkmib} }je} kt
ilnimmim kb }ji dob}iz} ebm }kli ohhibmt lilni~t oh }ji todke` limke dollybk}{"
K} kt so~}j lib}kobkbc }je} }ji tjodf xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~ deb} ni kto`e}im h~ol }ji
dob}iz} ebm }kli" ]jkt lefit }ji w~imkd}enk`k}{ oh todke` limke d~ktkt ixib lo~i mkhhkdy`}" Ho~
izelw`i, We{We` jet e ~iwy}e}kob ho~ mitkcbkbc }oycj ~y`it ho~ we{lib}t" We{We` mihibmt tydj
t}~kd} liety~it n{ wokb}kbc }o `e~ci tde`i h~eymt jewwibkbc ob }ji Kb}i~bi} dolli~di e`` }ji
}kli" K} kt `kfi`{ }je} li~djeb}t ehhid}im n{ We{We`t ed}kobt }efi ~ihyci ob }ji todke` limke }o
xib} }jik~ h~yt}~e}kob sk}j We{We`" Ytye``{ }ji w~onenk`k}{ }je} tydj dolw`ekb}t sk`` }y~b kb}o e
d~ktkt kt ~ie``{ tle``"
Kb >755 e~oybm }ji Dj~kt}let }kli, We{We` two}}im }je} e di~}ekb li~djeb}
sss"~ic~i}t{"dol set cibi~e}kbc te`it lo~i ~ewkm`{ }jeb k} soy`m ytye``{ mo" We{We`t t{t}il
h`eccim }ji li~djeb} ebm }oof onaid}kob }o }ji li~djeb}t yti oh Mobe}i ny}}ob, sjkdj }ji
li~djeb} jem ytim n{ lkt}efi" We{We` h~oqi }ji li~djeb}t eddoyb}t ebm e`to ho~dim }jil }o
~ihybm }ji ny{i~t" Josixi~, ^ic~i}t{ jem niib ytkbc We{We` ho~ enoy} e midemi ebm si~i je~m`{
e h`{n{bkcj} owi~e}o~" ]ji{ si~i cokbc }o yti }ji w~odiimt h~ol }ji te`it }o ji`w woo~ helk`kit
ebm }jik~ djk`m~ib ho~ Dj~kt}let" Kb e n`oc wot}, }ji osbi~ oh ^ic~i}t{ izw`ekbim }ji tk}ye}kob,
sjkdj cibi~e}im e jyci nedf`etj ecekbt} We{We`" ]ji t}o~{ set wkdfim yw n{ }ji kbh`yib}ke` n`oc
Dobtyli~kt}=, sjkdj ji`wim tw~iem }ji so~m ixib lo~i" Ho~ }ji biz} }j~ii me{t, We{We` set
hedkbc lo~i ebm lo~i s~e}j ob }ji todke` limke" Hkbe``{ ob }ji hoy~}j me{, We{We` midkmim }o
nedf ohh ebm ewo`ockqi ho~ k}t ed}kobt" ]jkt kbdkmib} tjost }je} }ji tjodf xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~
miwibmt ob }ji dob}iz} ebm }kli" Dj~kt}let set }ji so~t} }kli }o }efi ed}kob ecekbt} e li~djeb}
}je} lkcj} jexi e lo}kxi }o ji`w woo~ helk`kit" Josixi~, ho~ We{We` k} kt e`lot} klwottkn`i }o
w~imkd} }jkt d~ktkt nideyti }ji li~djeb}t wjk`eb}j~owkd lo}kxi lkcj} ni klw`kdk} ebm bixi~
mktd`otim }o We{We`"
Netim ob sji}ji~ e d~ktkt jet jkcj o~ `os `ixi`t oh dob}~o``enk`k}{ ebm jkcj o~ `os `ixi`t
oh tjodf xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~, K mkxkmi d~ktit kb}o hoy~ de}ico~kit" Hkcy~i 5 miwkd}t hoy~ d`ettit oh
= j}}w1//dobtyli~kt}"dol/>755/5>/we{we`emlk}t}ji~ic~i}t{mobe}iny}}obhketdotjoy`mbixi~jexijewwibimkb
}jihk~t}w`edi"j}l`
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d~ktit1 toh}, hk~ihkcj}kbc, sek} ebm se}dj, ebm mktet}i~t" Biz} K izw`ekb iedj oh }ji hoy~ }{wit oh
todke` limke d~ktit kb miw}j" Kb }ji hkbe` tid}kob K dobd`ymi }jkt djew}i~ n{ n~kih`{ tyccit}kbc
to`y}kobt }o dob}~o` }ji d~ktit ybmi~ }jiti tdibe~kot"
Hkcy~i 51 ]{wo`oc{ oh Todke` Limke D~ktit
]{wit oh D~ktit
Toh} D~ktit1 Toh} d~ktit jexi jkcj `ixi` oh dob}~o``enk`k}{ ebm `os `ixi`t oh tjodf xe`yi" Kb o}ji~
so~mt, }ji{ e~i lot} `kfi`{ bo} }ji d~ktit ixi~{ nytkbitt kt tde~im oh" Josixi~, ayt} nideyti e
d~ktkt kt e toh} d~ktkt moitb} lefi k} }~kxke`" ^ililni~ }je} si e~i t}k`` }e`fkbc enoy} kmib}kh{kbc
}ji d~ktit ebm bo} jos }o }edf`i }jil" ]ji~iho~i, kh e toh} d~ktkt coit ybe}}ibmim, k} kt `kfi`{ }o
}y~b kb}o e hy``n`osb d~ktkt toob" K} kt d~k}kde` }o kto`e}i }ji d`ettkhkde}kob ebm }ji ~itwobti e} }jkt
t}eci"
]ji lot} di`in~e}im izelw`i oh e toh} d~ktkt kt }ji ~ocyi ]sii} n{ eb ilw`o{ii oh
Eli~kdeb ^im D~ott" Kb Hin~ye~{ >755, C`o~ke Jyebc, e ^im D~ott todke` limke twidke`kt}
]sii}im1 ^{eb hoybm }so lo~i = no}}`i wedft oh Mochktj Jiemt Lkmet ]oydj nii~ sjib si
m~kbf si mo k} ~kcj} $ci}}bct`kqqi~m" Tydj e n`e}eb} ~ihi~ibdi oh e`dojo` kb ^im D~ott ohhkdke`
Hk~ihkcj}kbc Mktet}i~
Toh} D~ktitSek} ebm
Se}dj
Dob}~o``enk`k}{
TjodfXe`yioh]~kcci~
Jkcj @os
Jkcj
@os
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]sii} set ~ie``{ tjodfkbc ho~ leb{ wiow`i" Josixi~, k}t oxi~e`` tjodf xe`yi set ~i`e}kxi`{ `itt
dobtkmi~kbc }je} }ji ]sii} mkmb} enyti eb{obi o~ ytim hoy` `ebcyeci" Bobi}ji`itt, ho~ e
bobw~ohk} o~cebkqe}kob }je} hodytit to lydj ob jyleb tyhhi~kbct ebm }je} dob}kbyoyt`{ ~ybt
tixi~e` n`oom mobe}kob m~kxit, }e`fkbc enoy} m~kbfkbc nii~ set di~}ekb`{ e }~kcci~ ho~ e d~ktkt%
]ji ~ocyi ]sii} set ed}ye``{ eb eddkmib} ebm set tib} ytkbc todke` limke metjnoe~m
Joo} Tyk}i, sjkdj iben`it yti~t }o `kbf ly`}kw`i todke` limke eddoyb}t }o obi metjnoe~m" Ho~
izelw`i, obi deb `kbf }jik~ wi~tobe` ebm w~ohittkobe` ]sk}}i~ eddoyb}t ebm lebeci }jil h~ol
}ji teli twedi ~e}ji~ }jeb tsk}djkbc ni}siib mkhhi~ib} eddoyb}t" Joo} Tyk}i kt bos obi oh }ji
lot} wowy`e~ todke` limke metjnoe~mt" Josixi~, k} e`to kbd~ietit }ji djebdi }je} wiow`i sk``
kbemxi~}ib}`{ tje~i wi~tobe` kbho~le}kob ob }jik~ so~f~i`e}im todke` limke" C`o~ke Jyebc
tjosim }ji teli de``oytbitt" Kb ~itwobti, ^im D~ott wy``im oy} }ji ohhibtkxi ]sii} ebm
~itwobmim sk}j }jkt sk}}{ ]sii}1 Sixi mi`i}im }ji ~ocyi ]sii} ny} ~it} etty~im }ji ^im D~ott
kt toni~ ebm si jexi dobhktde}im }ji fi{t" C`o~ke Jyebc e`to ewo`ockqim ob ji~ wi~tobe`
]sk}}i~ eddoyb}, sjk`i osbkbc }ji ~itwobtknk`k}{ ho~ }ji t`kw yw"
]jkt set e toh} d~ktkt bo} nideyti ixi~{}jkbc ibmim si`` ho~ ^im D~ott" K} set toh}
nideyti, 5+ }ji o~kckbe` ]sii} set ohhibtkxi ny} t}k`` sk}j ~i`e}kxi`{ `os tjodf xe`yi ebm >+ e
d`e~khkde}kob ob }ji o~kckb oh }ji ]sii} set tyhhkdkib} ho~ mkttkwe}kbc }ji }ibtkob kb }ji todke`
limke" ]je} }ji ^im D~ott ilw`o{iit }jkbf enoy} m~kbfkbc nii~ eh}i~ }jik~ me{t so~f set bo} e
~ie` tjodf }o eb{obi" Ny} }ji ]sii} lemi k} toybm et kh }ji ilw`o{iit si~i cokbc }o m~kbf sjk`i
ob }ji so~f% Obdi }je} klw~ittkob set ~iloxim, }ji d~ktkt set ybmi~ dob}~o`"
Hk~ihkcj}kbc1 ]ji d~ktit }je} e~i jkcj`{ dob}~o``en`i ny} e`to jexi e jkcj tjodf xe`yi oh }~kcci~
he`` kb}o Hk~ihkcj}kbc de}ico~{" ]jiti e~i }ji d~ktit }je} o~cebkqe}kobt tjoy`m se}dj ho~ ebm ni
se~{ enoy}" Jkt}o~kde``{ si tii }je} lot} }ibm }o }efi }jil `kcj}`{ o~ mob} fbos jos }o
~itwobm" ]ji dob}~o``enk`k}{ kt jkcj, sjkdj liebt }je} }ji d~ktkt`kfi tk}ye}kob deb ni klw~oxim
ebm t}owwim h~ol }y~bkbc kb}o e hy``n`osb d~ktkt" Josixi~, }ji jkcj tjodf xe`yi le{
oxi~sji`l }ji todke` limke t}~e}ickt}t ebm }ji{ lkcj} `oti oy} ob }ji owwo~}ybk}{ }o dob}~o` }ji
d~ktkt"
Obi oh }ji lot} di`in~e}im izelw`it oh e hk~ihkcj}kbc d~ktkt }y~bkbc kb}o e mktet}i~ kt
Eli~kdeb ed}o~ Etj}ob Fy}dji~t Boxilni~ >755 ]sii} t}~iel ~ice~mkbc hk~kbc oh Wibb T}e}i
Hoo}ne`` }iel doedj Aoi We}i~bo" Etj}ob Fy}dji~, sjo jem lo~i }jeb : lk``kob ]sk}}i~
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ho``osi~t, }o`m jkt ho``osi~t }je} ji set xi~{ mktewwokb}im kb }ji hk~kbc ebm }joycj} }je} }ji
sjo`i kbdkmib} jem bo d`ett" Sje} Fy}dji~ mkm bo} fbos set }je} We}i~bo set hk~im nideyti oh
jkt kbed}kob kb djk`m ~ewi detit e} Wibb T}e}i libt `odfi~ ~ool" Tydj kbed}kob lieb} }je}
We}i~bo set kcbo~eb}, wi~jewt ob wy~woti, enoy} }ji jkmioyt d~kli" Fy}dji~ m~is e jyci
nedf`etj ecekbt} jkt ]sii}" Jkt ho``osi~t de``im jkl belit ebm tyccit}im }je} Fy}dji~ set
tywwo~}kbc e wimowjk`i"9 *Bo}i }je} We}i~bo jklti`h set bixi~ dje~cim sk}j eb{ d~kli bo~ mkm
eb{obi eddyti jkl oh we~}kdkwe}kbc kb }ji d~kli"+
Etj}ob Fy}dji~t kleci set nem`{ n~yktim eh}i~ }jkt ]sii}" K} ~ykbim jkt ~iwy}e}kob et e
wi~tob sjo tywwo~}t d~klit ecekbt} djk`m~ib" Fy}dji~ ytim }o }efi w~kmi kb }jkt ~iwy}e}kob" Ji
kllimke}i`{ midkmim }o t}ow ibceckbc mk~id}`{ sk}j jkt ]sk}}i~ hebt ebm ho``osi~t ebm kbt}iem
oy}toy~dim tydj ibcecilib} }o e dolweb{ Fe}e{t} Limke"
]jkt kbdkmib} set eb izelw`i oh hk~ihkcj}kbc d~ktkt" ]ji }~kcci~, }ji ohhibmkbc ]sii}, set
jkcj`{ tjodfkbc }o }ji todke` limke dollybk}{" Josixi~, Fy}dji~ doy`m jexi dob}~o``im }ji
d~ktkt niho~i k} nideli to skmi tw~iem" Wi~jewt }ji lot} d~k}kde` }jkbc ho~ }ji dob}~o``enk`k}{ set
}o jexi lebeci~t `kfi Fe}e`{t} Limke e`~iem{ ettkcbim }o jkt ]sk}}i~ eddoyb}" Tkbdi ji jem
e~oybm : lk``kob ho``osi~t, }ji ]sii} nideli xk~e` xi~{ uykdf`{" Kb }ji jkbmtkcj}, k} kt ty~w~ktkbc
}o tii }je} obi wi~tob, e nyt{ di`in~k}{, kbtkt}im ob dollybkde}kbc sk}j }ji ho``osi~t ob obi}o
obi netkt, }ji~in{ izwotkbc jkl }o e d~ktkt to ietk`{" ]ji d~ktkt set dob}~o``en`i nideyti Fy}dji~
doy`m jexi wy} kb w`edi e t{t}il }o }edf`i tydj tk}ye}kobt" ^ocyi ]sii}t e~i noybm }o t`kw
}j~oycj6 k} kt ybexokmen`i" Fy}dji~, ytim }jkt teli `ockd sjk`i ebboybdkbc }ji jebmoxi~ oh jkt
]sk}}i~ eddoyb} }o Fe}e`{t} Limke, wi~jewt e nk} }oo `e}i"
Sek} ebm se}dj1 Et }ji beli tyccit}t, sek} ebm se}dj d~ktit etf ho~ we}kibdi ebm }jkdf tfkb"
]jiti d~ktit e~i deytim n{ `itt tjodfkbc }~kcci~t yb`kfi Etj}ob Fy}dji~t ]sii}" Josixi~, }ji{
jexi xi~{ `os dob}~o``enk`k}{" ]ji d~ktkt nidolit xk~e` uykdf`{, tw~iemt h~ol obi todke` bi}so~f
}o ebo}ji~ ebm }y~bt kb}o e `e~ci exe`ebdji" ]ji lo~i }ji o~cebkqe}kob ~itwobmt }o }ji d~ktkt,
lo~i `kfi`{ k} kt }o nidoli e mktet}i~" ]ji~iho~i, ho~ tydj d~ktit sek} ebm se}dj kt }ji nit} wo`kd{"
Ie~`ki~ mitd~knim izelw`i oh Ybk}im Ek~`kbit kb }ji kb}~omyd}kob kt e wi~hid} izelw`i oh e
sek} ebm se}dj d~ktkt" Mexi De~~o``, }ji Debemkeb lytkdkeb, d~ie}im ebm tje~im e tobc }k}`im
9 Toli oh }ji ~itwobtit n{ Fy}dji~ deb ni hoybm ji~i j}}w1//j{wi~xode`"dol/bist/>755/etj}obfy}dji~t
}~eckde``{lktcykmimsk`m`{j{wod~k}kde`aoiwe}i~bo}sii}/
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Ybk}im N~ieft Cyk}e~t ob [oy]yni kb Ay`{ >77;" Kb }jkt tobc, De~~o`` ebm jkt nebm be~~e}i eb
izwi~kibdi enoy} jos Ybk}im necceci jebm`i~t n~ofi De~~o``t ]e{`o~ cyk}e~ ebm }ji Ybk}im
dyt}oli~ ti~xkdi t}ehh ~ihytim }o ji`w" ]ji tobc set je~m`{ tjodfkbc" Ny} k} jem e jyci
elytilib} xe`yi, sjkdj lemi }ji tobc co xk~e`" ]o me}i }ji tobc jet niib xkisim lo~i }jeb
55"9 lk``kob }klit%
Ybk}im `e}i~ }~kim }o we{ ho~ ~iwek~kbc }ji cyk}e~" De~~o``, n{ }jkt }kli ilno`mibim n{ }ji
tywwo~} ebm e}}ib}kob ji ~idikxim so~`mskmi, ~ihytim }o eddiw} }ji lobi{ ebm kbt}iem etfim
Ybk}im }o ckxi k} }o e dje~k}{" E`}joycj sk}j }ji emxeb}eci oh jkbmtkcj} obi deb te{ }je} k} set
bo} e coom t}~e}ic{ ho~ Ybk}im, kb ~ie`k}{, eb{ ed}kob h~ol Ybk}im doy`m jexi lemi }ji tk}ye}kob
so~ti" ]ji~i set `k}}`i, kh eb{}jkbc, }je} Ybk}im doy`m mo }o mkhhyti }ji dob}~oxi~t{ ebm }ji
bice}kxi wyn`kdk}{ k} cibi~e}im" Nitkmit, }ji tobc ~ie``{ mkmb} ~ixie` eb{ bis hed} enoy} Ybk}im
o~ eb{ o}ji~ YT ek~`kbit jo~~kn`i dyt}oli~ ti~xkdi" Wiow`i bo} ob`{ fbis }jkt ny} e`to }ji{ jexi
lo~i o~ `itt eddiw}im nem dyt}oli~ ti~xkdi h~ol Eli~kdeb ek~`kbit" Bobi}ji`itt, k} set e jyci
bice}kxi wyn`kdk}{ ho~ Ybk}im Ek~`kbit" Ny} Ybk}im hedim e d~ktkt sji~i dob}~o``enk`k}{ set xi~{
`os" Sjib {oy~ nytkbitt t}~e}ic{ kt }o jexi `os `ixi`t oh dyt}oli~ ti~xkdi, jos deb {oy t}ow
wiow`i h~ol dolw`ekbkbc enoy} k}?
Mktet}i~1 ]ji `et} de}ico~{ oh todke` limke d~ktit kt mktet}i~t" ]jiti e~i jkcj`{ ybdob}~o``en`i
ebm tjodfkbc d~ktit tk}ye}kobt" ]ji{ deb n~ief o~cebkqe}kobt" Kb }ji ~idib} {ie~t, his dolwebkit
hedim }jkt tk}ye}kob et xkxkm`{ et Molkbot Wkqqe"8 Kb Ew~k` >77;, }so Molkbot Wkqqe ilw`o{iit
~ido~mim }jilti`xit }ekb}kbc hoom kb e Bo~}j De~o`kbe, YTE hedk`k}{ ~yb n{ Molkbot h~ebdjktii"
]jik~ xkmio nideli xk~e` kb bo }kli" Tkbdi }ji }so ilw`o{iit jem ytim }jik~ osb [oy]yni
eddoyb} }o yw`oem }ji xkmiot, k} set iet{ ho~ aoy~be`kt}t }o }~edf }jil mosb ebm e`i~} Molkbot"
Josixi~, n{ }ji }kli Molkbot Wkqqe doy`m }efi eb{ ed}kob, }ji xkmio jem cobi xk~e`, se}djim
oxi~ n{ lk``kobt oh mktcyt}im dobtyli~t" ]ji }~emk}kobe` bist limke set e`to uyk}i uykdf }o wkdf
yw }ji t}o~{ ebm ckxi skmi wyn`kdk}{ }o }ji jo~~kn`i kbdkmib}"
Molkbot Wkqqe hoybm }jilti`xit kb }ji d`ettkd mktet}i~ tk}ye}kob" ]ji ibo~loyt tjodf
xe`yi oh }ji [oy]yni xkmio doyw`im sk}j iz}~ili`{ `os dob}~o``enk`k}{ oh }ji d~ktkt lemi k} }ji
so~t} wottkn`i tk}ye}kob ho~ Molkbot" ]jik~ wyn`kd ~i`e}kobt *W^+ ledjkbi~{ deli kb}o ed}kob
e`lot} kllimke}i`{, de`kn~e}kbc }jik~ ~itwobti sk}j e [oy]yni xkmio oh We}~kdf Mo{`i, }ji
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W~itkmib} oh Molkbot YTE"3 Kb }jkt xkmio, Mo{`i hk~t} edfbos`imcim }je} }ji }so wi~tobt si~i
kbmiim ilw`o{iit oh Molkbot h~ebdjktii" Ji }jib w~odiimim }o mitd~kni sje} ed}kobt }ji{ jem
}efib }je} he~ }o do~~id} }ji tk}ye}kob" ]ji ed}kobt kbd`ymim, t}i~k`kqkbc }ji ib}k~i t}o~i, hk~kbc }ji
}so ilw`o{iit, ebm ci}}kbc }jil e~~it}im ho~ dob}elkbe}kbc hoom"
Sje} lemi }jkt d~ktkt e mktet}i~? Hk~t}, }ji }~kcci~, }ji [oy]yni xkmio oh }ji }so
Molkbot ilw`o{iit mokbc mktcyt}kbc }jkbct }o }ji hoom ebm ti~xkbc k} }o dyt}oli~t jem e xi~{
jkcj tjodf xe`yi" Leb{ wiow`i ie} e} Molkbot ebm k} doy`m jewwib }o eb{ oh }jil" ]jkt
~ie`kqe}kob set t}e~}`kbc" Hy~}ji~, }ji xkxkmbitt oh }ekb}kbc oh }ji hoom set tkdfibkbc" Se}djkbc
toliobi mokbc tydj mktcyt}kbc }jkbct }o {oy~ hoom kt iz}~ili`{ ~iwy`tkxi" Tidobm, ho~ Molkbot
}ji d~ktkt set jkcj`{ ybdob}~o``en`i" ]jkt ed}kob n{ }ji }so ilw`o{iit set tykdkme` ebm k} set
klwottkn`i }o w~imkd} tydj e tk}ye}kob" ]je} Molkbot mkm bo} jexi e w`eb ho~ tydj eb iz}~ili
wottknk`k}{ kt di~}ekb`{ bo} }jik~ hey`}" ]ji tjii~ nkqe~~ibitt oh }jkt d~ktkt lemi k} ybdob}~o``en`i"
Molkbot w~olktim }o ni lo~i dey}koyt enoy} }jik~ ilw`o{lib} w~ed}kdit ebm xi}}kbc oh
}ji w~otwid}kxi ilw`o{iit ny} ni{obm }je} }ji{ doy`m mo `k}}`i" ]ji{ e`to }~kim }o jelli~ }ji
litteci }je} }jkt set ayt} obi ybho~}ybe}i ixib} sjkdj moitb} ~iw~itib} jos Molkbot
ilw`o{iit ~ie``{ nijexi" Ny} obdi }ji{ ~itwobmim, }ji{ doy`m ob`{ jowi ho~ }ji tk}ye}kob bo}
tbosne`` kb}o toli}jkbc nkcci~" Kb dob}~et} }o }ji Ybk}im Ek~`kbit, Molkbot Wkqqe hedim e
jkcj`{ tjodfkbc todke` limke d~ktkt ebm izwi~kibdim e leao~ meleci }o }jik~ n~ebm beli"
Josixi~, bik}ji~ dolweb{ set kb e wotk}kob }o mo lydj enoy} k}"
Todke` Limke D~ktkt ^itwobti
Ytye``{, }ji ~itwobti }o e todke` limke d~ktkt deb ni tyccit}im netim ob }ji t}ebme~m
d~ktkt lebecilib} `k}i~e}y~i" ]ji }j~ii t}iwt kb d~ktkt lebecilib} kbxo`xi w~ixib}kob, ~itwobti,
ebm ~idoxi~{" ]jkt djew}i~ kt lo~i dobdi~bim enoy} }ji tidobm t}eci kb }ji w~oditt, xkq"
~idoxi~{" K yti }ji lomi` tyccit}im n{ Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i *>779+ }o hodyt ob ~itwobti kb
iedj oh }ji hoy~ }{wit oh todke` limke d~ktit"
Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i *>779+ w~owoti }je} }ji ~itwobti deb ni mkxkmim kb}o hoy~ tyn
w~odittit1 onti~xe}kob, kb}i~w~i}e}kob, djokdi, ebm mkttilkbe}kob" Onti~xe}kob ib}ek`t do``id}kbc
e`` }ji ~i`ixeb} kbho~le}kob e} }ji obti} oh }ji d~ktkt" Kb}i~w~i}e}kob kbxo`xit ettittkbc
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kbho~le}kob sk}jkb }ji dob}iz} oh }ji dy~~ib} d~ktkt }o mi}i~lkbi no}j k}t eddy~ed{ ebm k}t
~i`ixebdi" Djokdi kbxo`xit ettittkbc xkenk`k}{ oh mkhhi~ib} e`}i~be}kxi ed}kobt ebm djootkbc }ji
lot} eww~ow~ke}i elobc }jil" Hkbe``{, mkttilkbe}kob `iemt }o kbho~le}kob izdjebci sk}j wyn`kd"
K mktdytt jos hoy~t}iw ~itwobti deb ni eww`kim }o todke` limke d~ktit"
Toh} d~ktit ebm hk~ihkcj}kbc1 Ho~ toh} d~ktkt ebm hk~ihkcj}kbc, K tyccit} klw`ilib}kbc twk~e` d~ktkt
~itwobti dollybkde}kob lomi` *Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i >779+" Kb }jkt lomi`, }ji hoy~ t}iwt oh
}ji d~ktkt dollybkde}kobonti~xe}kob, kb}i~w~i}e}kob, djokdi, ebm mkttilkbe}kobe~i ~iwie}im
obi eh}i~ ebo}ji~" Hkcy~i >, ~iw~omydim h~ol Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i *>779+, tjost }ji twk~e`
lomi`" Tydj e lomi` kt lot} eww~ow~ke}i ho~ }ji d~ktit sk}j jkcj dob}~o``enk`k}{" N{ ed}kxi`{
ibceckbc kb }ji hoy~ t}iwt, d~ktkt deb ni lebecim lo~i ihhid}kxi`{ ebm w~ixib}im h~ol c~oskbc
kb}o e mktet}i~"
Sek} ebm se}dj ebm mktet}i~1 Ho~ }ji }so d~ktit tk}ye}kobt sji~i dob}~o``enk`k}{ kt `os, wi~jewt
twk~e` dollybkde}kob lomi` kt ~imybmeb}" N{ dobt}eb}`{ djebckbc }ji ~itwobti netim ob }ji
mixi`owlib}t ob xe~koyt todke` limke, eb o~cebkqe}kob kt `kfi`{ }o lefi }ji tk}ye}kob so~ti"
]ji~iho~i, k} kt lo~i eww~ow~ke}i }o ti`id} e `kbie~ lomi` }je} ho``ost }ji enoxi hoy~ t}iwt kb
Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i *>779+" Eh}i~ }ji kbho~le}kob kt mkttilkbe}im }o wyn`kd, }ji~i le{ bo} ni e
biim }o ed}kxi`{ fiiw ob ~itwobmkbc }o }ji d~ktkt et }ji o~cebkqe}kob moitb} dob}~o` }ji d~ktkt"
Hkcy~i >1 Twk~e` D~ktkt ^itwobti Dollybkde}kob Lomi`*^iw~omydim h~ol Je`i, My`if, ebm Je`i >779+
Mktdyttkob
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Todke` limke d~ktkt lebecilib} kt e betdib} e~ie" Dy~~ib}`{ bo t{t}ile}kd ~itie~dj izkt}t
ob jos }o de}ico~kqi ebm lebeci todke` limke d~ktit" Kb }jkt djew}i~ K w~owoti e }{wo`oc{ oh
todke` limke d~ktit" L{ }{wo`oc{ mkxkmit d~ktit e`obc }so mklibtkobt1 dob}~o``enk`k}{ ebm tjodf
xe`yi oh }ji }~kcci~" K mob} etti~} }je} }jkt kt }ji nit} }{wo`oc{ ho~ todke` limke d~ktit" Sjk`i
s~k}kbc }jkt djew}i~, K e}}ilw}im tixi~e` mkhhi~ib} }{wo`ockit ebm hoybm }jkt obi lo~i ytihy`"
Josixi~, kb }ji entibdi oh eb{ uyeb}k}e}kxi ~itie~dj, K d`ekl bik}ji~ tywi~ko~k}{ bo~
dolw`i}ibitt oh l{ w~owotim }{wo`oc{" Bobi}ji`itt, K jowi }je} l{ s~k}kbc sk`` `iem }o lo~i
kb}i~it} kb ~itie~djkbc e tdkib}khkde``{ ~kco~oyt d`ettkhkde}kob oh todke` limke d~ktit"
K yti tixi~e` izelw`it h~ol }ji do~wo~e}i so~`m sji~i nkc n~ebmt sk}j `e~ci emxi~}ktkbc
ebm W^ nymci}t nk} }ji myt}" ]ji e``y~i oh todke` limke lefit leb{ n`kbm }o }ji ~ktft }je} doli
sk}j }jik~ yti" Ecekb, K jowi }je} }jkt s~k}kbc }~kcci~t lo~i kb}i~it} kb ettittkbc }jiti ~ktft ni}}i~
ebm w~oxkmkbc lebeci~t e }oo` ho~ it}kle}kbc }ji ~i}y~b ob todke` limke kbxit}lib}t"
Nkn`koc~ewj{
Cybmi`, T}iwjeb *>779+, ]ose~mt e Bis ]{wo`oc{ oh D~ktit,Aoy~be` oh Dob}kbcibdkit ebm
D~ktkt Lebecilib}, 54 *4+, 578559"
Je`i, Aoebbi I", ^obe`m I" My`if, ebm Mexkm W" Je`i *>779+, D~ktkt ^itwobti Dollybkde}kob
Dje``ibcit,Aoy~be` oh Nytkbitt Dollybkde}kob, => *>+, 55>54="
Foij`i~, Aobe}jeb A", ebm Ebm~is M" Ci~tjohh, >774, Ni}~e{e` Exi~tkob1 Sjib Ecib}t oh
W~o}id}kob Nidoli Ecib}t oh Je~l, O~cebkqe}kobe` Nijexko~ ebm Jyleb Midktkob W~odittit,
;7 *>+, >==>85"