A Trauma and Systems Change
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Transcript of A Trauma and Systems Change
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TRAUMA‐INFORMED RECOVERY: MICRO AND MACRO SYSTEMS CHANGE
TRAUMA INSTITUTE OF NEW JERSEYERIC C. ARAUZ MLER
ADJUNCT FACULTY INSTRUCTORDEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY
RUTGERS ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL [email protected] 881 4784
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Consultants of T.I.N.J.Heather Forkey, MD Assistant Director of FaCES (Foster Children Evaluation Services‐Massachusetts) and an attending pediatrician at with the Child Protection Program, both at UMass Memorial Children’s Medical Center. Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Jill Williams, MD Director of Addiction Psychiatry; Professor Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Tracey Shors, PhD Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology and Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University. MAP TrainingBrandon Alderman, PhD Assistant Professor in the Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies at Rutgers University. His laboratory is focused on investigating the effects of exercise on neurocognitive and physiological resilience. MAP TrainingJulie Carbray, PhD FPMHNP, PMHCNS, APN Clinical Professor University of Illinois‐Chicago Medical School; Chair APNA Clinical Psychopharmacological Institute; Administrative Director Pediatric Mood Disorders Clinic Univeristy of Illinois‐Chicago College of Medicine
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“..a mind will find only according to its own
distortion.”Jiddu Krishnamurti
Freedom from the Known Krishnamurti. J. 1969. Freedom From The Known. NY, NY: Harper Collins. 11.
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Secondary Traumatic StressTherapeutic Workers
Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors for Secondary Traumatic Stress in Therapeutic Work with Trauma Victims.
Jennifer M. Hensel, Carlos Ruiz, Caitlin Finney, and Carolyn S. Dewa. All out of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Volume 28, Number 2, April 2015 of the Journal of Traumatic Stress. Published by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
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Therapeutic Workers
Vs.
Therapists
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TRAUMA ASSESSMENT BY DCF OF NJDONALD SULL PHD
MIT SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
(HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW MARCH 2015)NHS HUMAN SERVICES 10K EMPLOYEES
MASSACHUSETTS LESSONS: HEATHER FORKEY MD• MIDDLE MANAGERS
• SUPERVISION• LATERAL INTEGRATION• SUPPORT ON INITIAL PUSHBACK• LACK OF TRAUMA RESOURCES• ORGANIZATIONAL TRAUMA
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“If you get the ‘What’, then you will get the ‘How’.”
Thomas Hora MDHungarian Metapsychiatrist
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What do we mean by “trauma”
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TRAUMA
5 YR. SAMHSA RECOVERY TO PRACTICENATIONAL GRANT
FIDELITYREPEATABILITY
INSTANT IMPLEMENTATION
APPLICATION UNDER STRESS
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Neurobiology of Helplessness
TRAUMA: Any life event occurring in a relative state of helplessness‐a car accident, the sudden death of a loved one, a frightening medical procedure (…)‐can produce the same neurophysiological changes in the
brain as do combat, rape or abuse.
Robert Scaer M.D.Neurologist, Traumatologist, Medical Director of Internationally recognized Pain
Management Center at Mapleton Rehabilitation center, Community Hospital Boulder, Colorado
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TRAUMA = PERSISTENT ACUTE STRESS
RESPONSE ONE CANNOT AVOID, EVADE OR CONTROL
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Tool
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ANTICIPATORY STRESSIS REAL STRESS
• BLOOD PRESSURE• HEART RATE• VASCULAR DAMAGE• INFLAMMATION• METABOLIC SYNDROME
ROBERT SAPOLSKY PHDSTANFORD UNIVERSITY
NEUROSCIENTIST
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NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL
NEUROENDOCRINE
FRAMING OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
CORTISOLESTROGEN
TESTOSTERONEGENETIC TRANSCRIPTION
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Neocortex
Limbic
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Abstract thoughtConcrete thought
Affiliation
"Attachment"
Sexual BehaviorEmotional Reactivity
"Arousal"Appetite/Satiety
Blood PressureHeart Rate
Body Temperature
Sleep
Motor Regulation
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FRACTURING OF GLOBAL IDENTITY:DESTRUCTION OF LINEAR VISCERAL AND
COGNITIVE NARRATIVES
• Chaos Narrative: No map or destination (Frank AW. The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995, 2013.)
• Story of Atrocity/Language of Abomination (Herman J. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1997.)
• “…autobiographical memory deficits and emotional deficits and made life 'senseless'.”(Kalbe E, Brand M, Thiel A, Kessler J, Markowitsch HJ. Neuropsychological and neural correlates of autobiographical deficits in a mother who killed her children. NEUROCASE. 2008;14(1):15‐28.)
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Speaking the Unspeakable
“THE ORDINARY RESPONSE TO ATROCITIES is to banish them from consciousness. Certain violations of the social compact are too terrible to utter aloud:
this is the meaning of the word unspeakable.Atrocities, however, refuse to be buried.”
― Judith Lewis Herman, Trauma and Recovery
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Positive Stress Toxic Stress
Normal and essential part of healthy development
Brief increases in heart rate and blood pressure
Mild elevations in hormonal levels
Example: Final exam Playoff game.
Body’s alert systems activated to a greater degree
Activation is time-limited and buffered by caring adult relationships.
Brain and organs recover Example: Death of a
grandparent, car accident.
Occurs with strong, frequent or prolonged adversity
Disrupts brain architecture and other organ systems
Increased risk of stress-related disease and cognitive impairment
Example: abuse, neglect, caregiver substance dependence or mental illness
Intense, prolonged, repeated, unaddressed;Child or family vulnerabilities, limited supports, devel. delays
Social‐Emotional buffering, Learned skills, Parent/Child Resilience, Early Detection, Effective Intervention
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Neocortex
Limbic
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Abstract thoughtConcrete thought
Affiliation
"Attachment"
Sexual BehaviorEmotional Reactivity
"Arousal"Appetite/Satiety
Blood PressureHeart Rate
Body Temperature
Sleep
Motor Regulation
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Fear/Immobility Cycle (Levine, P., In An Unspoken Voice. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books,2010, 70.)
Arousal
Unsuccessful Escape
Fear/Helplessness
Immobility
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WITH WHOM ARE YOU WORKING WITH
ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCESSTUDY
(ACES)
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ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES STUDY
(ACES)
• Physical abuse by a parent • Emotional abuse by a parent • Sexual abuse by anyone • An alcohol and/or drug
abuser in the household • An incarcerated household
member
• Someone who is chronically depressed, mentally ill, institutionalized, or suicidal
• Domestic violence • Loss of a parent • Emotional neglect • Physical neglect
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Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D.F., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A.M., Edwards, V., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.
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ACE Score and Intravenous Drug Use
N = 8,022 p<0.00 Fellittii, V.et al. (1998). The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. 1
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Childhood Experiences Underlie Suicide
0
5
10
15
20
25%
Atte
mpt
ing
Suic
ide
ACE Score
12
0
3
4+
Fellittii, V.et al. (1998). The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 >=7
NoYes
ACE Score
Ever
Hal
luci
nate
d* (%
)
AbusedAlcohol or Drugs
*Adjusted for age, sex, race, and education. Fellittii, V.et al. (1998). The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.
ACE Score and Hallucinations
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Risk Factors for Adult Heart Disease are Embedded in Adverse Childhood Experiences
ACEs Source: Dong et al, 2004
Od
ds
Rat
io
0 1 2 3 4 5,6 7,8
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
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Positive Stress Toxic Stress
Normal and essential part of healthy development
Brief increases in heart rate and blood pressure
Mild elevations in hormonal levels
Example: Final exam Playoff game.
Body’s alert systems activated to a greater degree
Activation is time-limited and buffered by caring adult relationships.
Brain and organs recover Example: Death of a
grandparent, car accident.
Occurs with strong, frequent or prolonged adversity
Disrupts brain architecture and other organ systems
Increased risk of stress-related disease and cognitive impairment
Example: abuse, neglect, caregiver substance dependence or mental illness
Intense, prolonged, repeated, unaddressed;Child or family vulnerabilities, limited supports, devel. delays
Social‐Emotional buffering, Learned skills, Parent/Child Resilience, Early Detection, Effective Intervention
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Neocortex
Limbic
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Abstract thoughtConcrete thought
Affiliation
"Attachment"
Sexual BehaviorEmotional Reactivity
"Arousal"Appetite/Satiety
Blood PressureHeart Rate
Body Temperature
Sleep
Motor Regulation
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INTERPERSONAL NEUROBIOLOGY
LENGTH OF SENTENCES (PORGES‐EXTENDED EXHALE)PARALLELING (PERRY)EYE CONTACTFACIAL EXPRESSIONTONE OF VOICEPOSTUREGESTURETIMING OF RESPONSE
DR. DANIEL SIEGEL MD(TRAUMA, BRAIN & RELATIONSHIP: HELP CHILDREN HEAL. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JYYEEMLMMB0)
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A Shared Experience
• Physicians feel pain and relief of clients
Jensen KB, et al. Molecular Psychiatry. 2014;19:392‐398.
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Qualia vs Intentionality(phenomenal consciousness vsrepresentation of mental states)
…the difference between the patient’s experience of the disease and the doctor’s
attention to the disease…
Arthur Kleinman, MDPsychiatrist Harvard Medical School
Professor, Anthropology Harvard University
Kleinman, A. 1988. The Illness Narratives: Suffering Healing and the Human Condition. NY, NY: Basic Books.
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Neurobiology of Helplessness
TRAUMA: Any life event occurring in a relative state of helplessness‐a car accident, the sudden death of a loved one, a frightening medical procedure (…)‐can produce the same neurophysiological changes in the
brain as do combat, rape or abuse.
Robert Scaer M.D.Neurologist, Traumatologist, Medical Director of Internationally recognized Pain
Management Center at Mapleton Rehabilitation center, Community Hospital Boulder, Colorado
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LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON?
• BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER W/PSYCHOTIC FEATURES
• ADDICTION
• POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
• COMPLEX TRAUMA
• 2 SUICIDE ATTEMPTS
• 265 POUNDS IN 7TH GRADE
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Absolute Shattering of the “Self”•Physiological•Cognitive•Spiritual•Social•Familial
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Diagnosis
• Bipolar Disorder 1• Addiction• Developmental Trauma• Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder• 2 suicide attempts-1 near lethal
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My soul is lost, my friendTell me how do I begin again?
Bruce Springsteen“My City’s In Ruins”
The Rising
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An Integrated Perspective
ACE
BIPOLAR
ALCOHOLISM
DRUGADDICTION
SUICIDE
TRAUMA
CHILDHOODOBESITY
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Trauma‐Informed Recovery
• CLIENT• ORGANIZATIONAL
ACCELERATION OF OUTCOMES
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MUTUALLY THERAPEUTICDYADIC ATTUNEMENT (MTDA)
Identity is a relational achievement (Mokros, HARTMUT B., Suicide and Shame , American Behavioral Scientist, 38:8
(1995:Aug.)
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RELATIONAL POVERTYBRUCE PERRY MD PHD
INTERPERSONAL ATTUNEMENT: THE WAY ONE PERSONATTUNES IN AN OPEN AND EMPATHETIC WAY TO THEINTERNAL STATE OF ANOTHER.
INTERPERSONAL RESONANCE: THE WAY TWO OR MOREMINDS ALIGN THEIR STATES AND BECOME MUTUALLYINFLUENCED BY ONE ANOTHER.
DAN SIEGEL MD CREATOR INTERPERSONAL NEUROBIOLOGY
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INTERPERSONAL NEUROBIOLOGY
LENGTH OF SENTENCES (PORGES‐EXTENDED EXHALE)PARALLELING (PERRY)EYE CONTACTFACIAL EXPRESSIONTONE OF VOICEPOSTUREGESTURETIMING OF RESPONSE
DR. DANIEL SIEGEL MD(TRAUMA, BRAIN & RELATIONSHIP: HELP CHILDREN HEAL. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JYYEEMLMMB0)
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Verbal De‐escalation
When working with an agitated patient, there are 4 main objectives:(1) ensure the safety of the patient, staff, and others in the area; (2) help the patient manage his emotions and distress and maintain or regain control of his behavior; (3) avoid the use of restraint when at all possible; and(4) avoid coercive interventions that escalate agitation.
Richmond, J. S., Berlin, J. S., Fishkind, A. B., Holloman, G. H., Zeller, S. L., Wilson, M. P., … Ng, A. T. (2012). Verbal De‐escalation of the Agitated Patient: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry Project BETA De‐escalation Workgroup.Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(1), 17–25. doi:10.5811/westjem.2011.9.6864
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SafetySafety
ProximityProximity
IntimacyIntimacy
VulnerabilityVulnerability
POINT OFCONNECTION
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POLYVAGAL THEORY:THERAPEUTIC DYADJUMPING TOGETHER
• AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM: NEUROCEPTION
• PRO-SOCIAL, FIGHT OR FLIGHT, FREEZING/IMMINENT DEATH
• INTERVENTIONS: HEART TO FACE, HEART TOVOICE, HEART TO EYES
(PORGES SW. THE POLYVAGAL THEORY: PHYLOGENETIC SUBSTRATES OF ASOCIAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY42 (2001) 123-146.)
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Polyvagal Theory
• Physiological state characterized by ↑ vagal influence on HRV supports social engagement & bonding
• Any s mulus that ↑s feeling of safety can recruit neural circuits that support social engagement system and inhibit defensive limbic structures
• Neuroception enables social behavior by distinguishing safe from dangerous
(SW Porges. 2009. The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleveland Clinic J Med 76(3):S86‐S90)
2012 RPBrown & PLGerbarg
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POLYVAGAL THEORY:THERAPEUTIC DYAD
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM
• POSTURE
• BREATHE
• VOICE
(PORGES SW. THE POLYVAGAL THEORY: PHYLOGENETIC SUBSTRATES OFA SOCIAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 42 (2001) 123-146.)
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BROWN RP, GERBARG PL. 2009. HOW TO USE HERBS, NUTRIENTS, AND YOGA INMENTAL HEALTH CARE. NY; WW NORTON. P79.
VAGAL NERVEPATHWAYS
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EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES
GREGORIAN CHANTING
YES/NO TEST: REACTIVE VS. RESPONSIVE STATE
(SYMPATHETIC VS. PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION)
BEE BREATH: PRANAYAMA BREATHING
EXTEND EXHALE
POLYVAGAL INTERVENTION
SELF REGULATE ANSPROXIMAL ABANDONMENT: IT IS ALL IN THE
EYES.DR. ALLAN SCHORE
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Culture of NO
Yes and NO
• Integrate or Regulate• Reactive or Responsive• Differentiation and Linkages• Chaos or Rigidity
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Neocortex
Limbic
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Abstract thoughtConcrete thought
Affiliation
"Attachment"
Sexual BehaviorEmotional Reactivity
"Arousal"Appetite/Satiety
Blood PressureHeart Rate
Body Temperature
Sleep
Motor Regulation
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Speaking the Unspeakable
“THE ORDINARY RESPONSE TO ATROCITIES is to banish them from consciousness. Certain violations of the social compact are too terrible to utter aloud:
this is the meaning of the word unspeakable.Atrocities, however, refuse to be buried.”
― Judith Lewis Herman, Trauma and Recovery
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ORAL EXPLORATORY NARRATIVE PROCESSING
Effective treatment is a matter of helping individuals keep the observing prefrontal
cortex online as it simultaneously experiences the raw primitive sensations generated in the
archaic portions of the brain (the limbic system, hypothalamus and brain stem.)
(Levine, P., In An Unspoken Voice. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books,2010, 71.)
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STILL FACE EXPERIMENT
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=APZXGEBZHT0
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VALIDATION THERAPY
• INTERPERSONAL RESONANCE
• INTERPERSONAL ATTUNEMENT
• VERBAL COMMUNICATION: PROSODY, SLOW, VOICE TOHEART
• NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• AMYGDALA SQUELCHING: TOUCH SPECIFIC
• RELATION POVERTY: DR. BRUCE PERRY
• LANGUAGE OF THE OTHER: CORTICAL SHUTDOWN, IMPLICIT MEMORY
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=CRZXZ10FCVM
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Positive Stress Toxic Stress
Normal and essential part of healthy development
Brief increases in heart rate and blood pressure
Mild elevations in hormonal levels
Example: Final exam Playoff game.
Body’s alert systems activated to a greater degree
Activation is time-limited and buffered by caring adult relationships.
Brain and organs recover Example: Death of a
grandparent, car accident.
Occurs with strong, frequent or prolonged adversity
Disrupts brain architecture and other organ systems
Increased risk of stress-related disease and cognitive impairment
Example: abuse, neglect, caregiver substance dependence or mental illness
Intense, prolonged, repeated, unaddressed;Child or family vulnerabilities, limited supports, devel. delays
Social‐Emotional buffering, Learned skills, Parent/Child Resilience, Early Detection, Effective Intervention
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Breath‐Body‐Mind includes the following breathing practices
• Coherent Breathing– Rate: 3.5 to 6 breaths per minute– Equal inhalation and exhalation– Like natural breathing: quiet and gentle
• Breath Moving: imaginative• Resistance Breathing on exhalation• “Ha” Breath (briefly 2 to 5 minutes)• 4‐4‐6‐2 Counts Breathing(RP Brown & PL Gerbarg (2012). The Healing Power of the Breath.
Book + CD. Boston: Shambhala Press.)
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Neocortex
Limbic
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Abstract thoughtConcrete thought
Affiliation
"Attachment"
Sexual BehaviorEmotional Reactivity
"Arousal"Appetite/Satiety
Blood PressureHeart Rate
Body Temperature
Sleep
Motor Regulation
All rights reserved © 2004 Dr. Bruce Perry
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MTDA Tool Belt
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