A Tour of the Cell Plant Cell. Cells Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain a...
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Transcript of A Tour of the Cell Plant Cell. Cells Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain a...
A Tour of the Cell
Plant Cell
Cells
• Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain a nucleus and organelles
• Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts and other organelles
• Animal cells contain mitochondria and other organelles
• Prokaryotic cells do not include a nucleus or specialized organelles, include bacteria
• See Figs 7.7 and 7.8
The Nucleus
• Found only in eukaryotic cells• Pores in the nuclear envelope allow for
exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
• Contains genetic material, DNA• Contains a nucleolus, site where parts of
ribosomes are produced• See Fig. 7.9
Nucleus
Ribosomes
• Free ribosomes (ribosomes in cytoplasm)
• Bound ribosomes (ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum)
• Both carry out protein synthesis
• See Fig. 7.10
Endomembrane System
• Many membranes are interrelated directly through physical continuity or indirectly through transport vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes attached), synthesizes steroids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, and detoxifies liver cells
• Rough E.R. (has ribosomes), manufactures proteins for secretion
• Fig 7.11
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
• Finish, sort, and “ship” many products of the cell
• Synthesize macromolecules
• Store and export products of E.R.
• Fig 7.12
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
• Digestive compartments
• Recycle monomers from cell macromolecules
• Digest substances ingested by phagocytosis
• Fig 7.14
Vacuoles
• Storage compartments
• Animal cells have food vacuoles
• Plant cells have contractile vacuoles
• Function to provide waste disposal, cell elongation, and protection
• Fig 7.15
Peroxisomes
• Consume oxygen in various metabolic functions
• Produce hydrogen peroxide as a waste product and then converts it to water
• Fig 7.17
Mitochondria
• Sites of cell respiration in eukaryotic cells
• Uses energy to restock cellular supply of ATP
• Fig 7.18
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
• Contain chlorophyll and other pigments which function in photosynthesis
• Found only in plant cells
Fig.7.19
Cytoskeleton
• Provides structural support
• Cilia and flagella aid in mobility
• Intermediate filaments support cell shape and fix certain organelles in place
• Table 7.2
Extracellular Matrix
• Found in animal cells
• Function in support, adhesion, movement, and development
• Consists of protein fibers and a proteoglycan complex attached to the cell membrane
• Fig. 7.30
Websites
Test Yourself On Identifying the Parts of CellsGo to http://www.discoverbiology.com/cells/welcome.htm
Click on “Self Test” On the left side of the screen.Try the “Drag and Drop” tests 6.2a, 6.2b & 6.2c
Go tohttp://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/articles/99articles/Hoppert.htmlRead the article and look at the illustrations.
More Websites
http://www.cellsalive.com