RECONSTRUCTIONA timeline from 1863 to 1877

1863

-Lincoln’s 10% Plan is proposed as the war nears an end.-Radical Republicans challenge Lincoln’s plan as not going far enough in achieving freedom for the African Americans

1864

-law passed saying Congress is in control of reconstruction, not the President. -Lincoln “pocket vetoes” this

1865

-Sherman’s “40 Acres and a Mule”-Johnson offers his Recon plan (not that much different than Lincoln’s)…Readmit on ratification of 13th Am.-RR don’t like it b/c there is nothing about slaves in the plan-13th Amend is ratified

1866

-Freedman’s Bureau is expanded by RR’s and elimination of Black Codes is passed… Johnson Vetoes them…Congress overrides them.- Ku Klux Klan is formed as response to decline in the economic realities for white southerners

1867

-Congress passes law that does not recognize the new southern state governments and creates military districts that will control them and ensure Reconstruction legislation is carried out.-Johnson vetoes this and Congress overrode it.

1868

-Congress impeaches Johnson, but he is found “not guilty” by one vote in the Senate-14th Amendment is ratified (citizenship and limits on former Confederate states)

1870

-15th Amend. Passes (says you cannot restrict voting on the basis of …)-Hiram Revels is elected as first black Senator-Pres. Grant refuses to curtail Klan violence

1876

-US v. Cruikshank… Feds can’t punish White discrimination against black people-US v. Reese… 15th Am. only prevents voter discrimination-Election of Hayes v. Tilden-Compromise of 1877…pulls troops out of the South.

1877

-Troops are pulled out -Reconstruction is officially over-Home Rule is restored to the south

Overall Themes (if you noticed…)

…Presidential v. Congressional Reconstruction

…Radical Republicans gain momentum and enact legislation over Johnson’s vetoes

…Southern Democrats push for control and get support from Courts and lack of enforcement from the President.

The Impeachment of Johnson… Radical Republicans were upset that

Johnson was not carrying out the laws of Congress regarding Reconstruction

From March to May 1868 the trial happened in the Senate

On the final day the vote was taken and the last vote of “Not Guilty” brought the tally 35-19… one vote short of the 2/3 majority needed to convict him and throw him out of office

The Civil War Amendments 13th… Ends Slavery except in the case of

punishment for a crime 14th… gives citizenship to former slaves;

states that prevent male citizens from voting lose Congressional seats; most Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office

15th… no one can be kept from voting based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”