A TIME PERIOD WHERE THERE IS LITTLE OR NO … Ages 1...Education of the lord’s children KING...
Transcript of A TIME PERIOD WHERE THERE IS LITTLE OR NO … Ages 1...Education of the lord’s children KING...
1
A TIME PERIOD WHERE THERE IS LITTLE OR NO ADVANCEMENT IN LEARNING, SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND THE ARTS
EFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Strong central government disappearsStrong central government disappearsStrong central government disappearsStrong central government disappears
Economic turmoilEconomic turmoilEconomic turmoilEconomic turmoil
Law and order breaks downLaw and order breaks downLaw and order breaks downLaw and order breaks down
Christian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in Europe
Unified empire with loyalty Tribal with loyalty to to the Emperor the tribe and the chieftain
Large cities maintained as cultural Rural lifestylecenters
Written laws applied equally to all Usually unwritten laws that citizens applied only to the tribe
Courts, judges and evidence TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL used combat to determine
Classical learning in Roman who was right in a disputeschools.
ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION that passed down knowledge through stories
Clergy were the only ones who could read and write
ROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMS GERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMS
2
MEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERS
VIKINGSVIKINGSVIKINGSVIKINGSFrom Scandinavia
Ferocious warriors who attacked Northern and Western EuropeSettled down to become traders
MAGYARSMAGYARSMAGYARSMAGYARSNomads from Western AsiaConquered the Danube Plain and Italy
MUSLIMSMUSLIMSMUSLIMSMUSLIMSPirates from North Africa and Spain
EFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERS
Trade stoppedTrade stoppedTrade stoppedTrade stopped
Hurt agricultureHurt agricultureHurt agricultureHurt agriculture
Villages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyed
People turned to local lords People turned to local lords People turned to local lords People turned to local lords for protectionfor protectionfor protectionfor protection
FRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMS
CLOVISCLOVISCLOVISCLOVIS (481 CE)
United the Franks and conquered the Gauls (France)
MAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACE was the Frankish king’s chief officer, also known as the Major Domo, who held and wielded the real and effective power to make decisions affecting the kingdom
FRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMS
CHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTEL (732 CE)
Defeated the Muslims at the BATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURS, halting the Muslim conquest of Europe
FRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMS
PEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORT (751 CE)
Began the CAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTY
Created the PAPAL STATESPAPAL STATESPAPAL STATESPAPAL STATES(ruled by the Pope) when he defeated the Lombards in Northern Italy
3
CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNE (771 CE)
FATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPE
Supporter of the Church and tried to convert those he conquered
Supported education, literature and the arts
His empire was the foundation for the HOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIRE which blended Germanic, Greco-Roman, and Christian cultures
4
FEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISM
A relationship where the VASSALVASSALVASSALVASSAL (lesser noble) gave his loyalty to the local LORDLORDLORDLORD in exchange for a FIEFFIEFFIEFFIEF(land grant)
Power resided in the hands of strong local lords with large estates. These lords increased their power through alliances with other lords
The basis of these alliances was LANDLANDLANDLAND
FEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISM
DUTIESDUTIESDUTIESDUTIES
LORDLORDLORDLORD VASSALVASSALVASSALVASSAL
ProtectionProtectionProtectionProtection Military ServiceMilitary ServiceMilitary ServiceMilitary Service
Land Land Land Land Ransom their LordRansom their LordRansom their LordRansom their Lord
Law and Justice Law and Justice Law and Justice Law and Justice Wedding presentsWedding presentsWedding presentsWedding presents
Court ServiceCourt ServiceCourt ServiceCourt Service
Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s childrenchildrenchildrenchildren
KINGKINGKINGKING
BARONSBARONSBARONSBARONS
FIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFS
KNIGHTSKNIGHTSKNIGHTSKNIGHTS
Manorial system was the basic economic arrangement during the Middle Ages
It was a self-sufficient community able to produce everything the manor needed
LORDLORDLORDLORD of the manor provided serfs with:
Housing
Land to farm
Protection
5
SERFSSERFSSERFSSERFS were: Peasants
Did NOT have the freedom to leave the land on which they were born
Came with a fief
Tended the Lord’s land and his animals
Provided other services as required
Could not own land
Manors were owned by both lords and the Church
Used the THREETHREETHREETHREE----FIELDFIELDFIELDFIELD farming system to maintain soil fertility
A FALLOW field was one that rested
Centered in Rome
Guardian and interpreter of religious truth
Only way to salvation was through the Church
Converted many of the Germanic tribes
CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
The CLERGYCLERGYCLERGYCLERGY was the different levels of Church officials
Included the Pope, archbishops and bishops, and parish priests.
Later it would include cardinals, those who elected the Pope
CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
The PAPACYPAPACYPAPACYPAPACY was the top level of the clergy which included the pope and his advisers
The POPEPOPEPOPEPOPE is the leader of the western Christian church based in Rome
Responsible for the souls of all Christians
Influenced European politics
CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
BISHOPSBISHOPSBISHOPSBISHOPS comprised of archbishops and bishops
Found in major cities with the ARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPS in the largest cities
Supervised priests in their areas
Settled disputes over religious teachings and practices
6
CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
PRIESTSPRIESTSPRIESTSPRIESTS were the Church’s connection to the people
Source of Christian teachings for the people
Administered the SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, required religious ceremonies or rites needed for entering Heaven
Baptism Confirmation
Eucharist or CommunionPenance and Reconciliation
Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders or becoming a Priest
Marriage
CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
MONKSMONKSMONKSMONKS and NUNSNUNSNUNSNUNS were men and women who withdrew from worldly life to devote their lives to spiritual goals
Formed religious ORDERSORDERSORDERSORDERS, groups of monks or nuns that share spiritual goals and service
Lived in MONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTS, places to live and work that separated them from the world
Taught skills, set up hospitals, and built shelters for those traveling and served as MISSIONARIES,those who spread religious teachings
Monks and nuns produced ILLUMINATEDILLUMINATEDILLUMINATEDILLUMINATED (illustrated) MANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTS
Monks and nuns reproduced the Bible to help spread the teachings of Christ
Pope Gregory the Great proclaimed that “painting can do for the illiterate what writing does for those who can read.”
Copyists became specialists worked in workshops called scriptoria. Antiquarii did the calligraphy, Rubricatores did the initial letters, and Miniatores illustrated the margins
7
8
Eye testing at the monastery