A Survey of Energy-Efficient Scheduling Mechanisms in Sensor Networks Author : Lan Wang·Yang...
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A Survey of Energy-Efficient Scheduling Mechanisms in
Sensor Networks
Author: Lan Wang·Yang Xiao(2006)
Presented by Yi Cheng Lin
Outline
Introduction Classification methodology
– Design assumptions– Design objectives
Energy saving modes of sensors Distributed scheduling mechanisms in non-
hierarchical networks Classification
Introduction
Sensor networks have a variety of application in both military and civil environment
These sensors usually operate on limited battery power
An important design objective: minimizing energy consumed by sensing and communication to extend the lifetime
Distributed scheduling mechanisms in non-hierarchical networks
Random independent scheduling (RIS)– Time is divided into cycles based on time
synchronization method– Active with probability p or go to sleep with
probability 1-p (p determines the network life)– Sensor deployment strategies
Grid, random, uniform, and 2-dimensional Poisson
Sponsored sector
– Preserving sensing coverage
– Off- duty sponsors, sponsored sector
– Use neighbor’s location information and sensing range
Maximization of sensor network life (MSNL)
– K-coverage– Three states: active, idle or vulnerable– Nodes need to broadcast their state and energy level
Lightweight deployment-aware scheduling (LDAS)
No need location information
Each working node has a mechanism to know the number of working nodes in its neighbor
Probing environment and adaptive sensing (PEAS)
– High-density sensor network in a harsh environment– Conserve energy by separating all the working nodes
by a minimum distance of c– Unbalanced energy consumption
Optimal geographic density control (OGDC)– Maximize the number of sleeping sensor– Ensure 1-coverage and 1-connectivity– Minimize the overlapping area
Coverage configuration protocol (CCP)
Maintain K-coverage and K-connectivity
Combine CCP and SPAN
Three modes: ACTIVE, LISTEN, SLEEP
Adaptive self-configuring sensor networks topologies (ASCENT)
– Goal: Maintain certain data delivery ratio– Unfair energy consumption
Probing environment and collaborating adaptive sleeping (PECAS)
– Probe message– Prevent the occurrence of blind spots– Energy saving lower than PEAS