A Summary of Terminology in Linguistics

First Session

• Orientation to the Course• Introduction to Language & Linguistics• 1. Definition of Language• 2. The origins of language• 3. Universal properties of language• 4. The diversity of linguistics

CEN 6102 Session II

The sounds of languagePhonetics:Key terms:1.Articulator phonetics2.Places of articulation3.Manners of articulation4.Suprasegmentals5.Acoustic phonetics

CEN 6102 Session II/1

• A view of the vocal tract• A magnetic resonance image of a mid-sagittal

section (side view slice of the vocal tract

CEN 6102 Session III

• Key terms.

• Phonology• Phonemes• Phones and allophones• Minimal pairs and set• Phonotactics• Syllable and clusters• Co-articulation effects

CEN 6102 Session IV

•Words and Their Parts:• Key terms:• Morphology• Morpheme and allomorph• Word formation processes• Multiple processes in word formation• Reduplication• Derivation and inflection• Zero derivation

CEN 6102 Session V

• Word formation process• Key terms:• Coinage -Acronym• Borrowing -Derivation• Compounding -Affixes• Blending -Prefixes & Suffixes• Clipping -Infixes• Backformation -Conversion

CEN 6102 Session VI

• The Structure of Sentences• Part 1: Phrases and Sentences: Grammar

• Key terms: • Mental grammar• Linguistic etiquette• Descriptive grammar

CEN 6102 Syntax (Coninued) Symbols used in syntactic description • S Sentence N noun Pro pronoun• PN proper noun V verb Adj adjective• Art article Adv adverb Prep preposition• NP noun phrase VP verb phrase PP

prepositional phrase • * = ‘ungrammatical sequence’• =’consists of’• ( ) = ‘optional constituent’• { } = ‘one and only of these constituents must be selected’• • • •

CEN 6102 Session VII

• Meaning -Key terms -Semantic roles

• -Semantics -Agent -Source• -What is Semantics? -Theme -Goal• Conceptual meaning -Instrument• Associative meaning -Experience• Semantic features -Location• Lexicon relations -Types of lexicon

relations

CEN 6102 Session VII/1

• Lexical Ambiguities• Structural Ambiguities• Lexico-categorial Ambiguities

CEN 6102 Session VII/2• Semantic Roles and Syntactic Structures• Semantic roles (sometimes, particularly in Generative

Grammar, also called Thematic roles or Theta roles) are the roles played by participants in some situation. For example, in Mary broke the egg, Mary initiates and carries out the action of breaking and the egg is the object affected by Mary’s breaking action. We could say that Mary and the egg have the semantic roles of Breaker and Breakee, respectively. However, this is only a specific application to the verb break. There are more general descriptions of Semantic Roles in different situations

CEN 6102 Session VII/3 Exercises

Examples:Allen sent the book to Mary.

Send <AGENT, THEME, GOAL>HEADLINEs from Bangkok Post, August 16, 2010

1. UN stresses need for aid for Pakistan.2. PM defends delay to bus lease project.

3. Asia pauses to recall end of World War II.4. Off-road truck kills 8.

5. Downpours prompt flash flood warning in 16 provinces.

CEN 6102 Session VII/4

• Leading Questions• 1. What are the differences between

conceptual meaning and associative meaning?

• 2. Are there any associations between Semantic roles and syntactic strctures?

• 3. Why words have many meanings?

CEN 6102 Session VIII

• What is Pragmatics?• Invisible Meaning• Context• Deixis• Reference• Anaphora• Presupposition• Speech Acts -Politeness

CEN 6102 Session IX

• What is Discourse?• Discourse analysis• How to interpret discourse?• Cohesion -Coherence• Speech events• Conversational interaction• The co-operative principles• Background knowledge

CEN 6102 Session X

• Language, Culture and Society• Key terms

• Sociolinguistics• Social dialects• Language and culture• Language universals

CEN 6102 Session X/1• Language, Culture and Society (continued)• Gender• In contemporary English, there are many

reported differences in the talk of males and females. In some gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than males. Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news