A Study of the Economics of the Use of Various Types of Mass Transportation Vehicles on the Surface...

8/9/2019 A Study of the Economics of the Use of Various Types of Mass Transportation Vehicles on the Surface System in Bro

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A STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS OF THE USE OFVARIOUS TYPES OF MASS TRA1';sPORTATION VEHICLESON THE SURFACE SYSTEM IN BROOKLYN

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Btklyn & ~ u e e n s Transit Corp.Brooklyn Bus Corp. MAY 1940Traff ic Div. K.M.H.


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Th econom1C8 of operating varia kinds of vehicles onl ines of different e raeterist1cB as been d1scussed frequently amongou peop"e. or some t .me w va een atudying the matter, takinglnto c o n 3 ~ . ~ e .tt/)D stru f l t ears, e ' ectr1c buse end gas buses or various8 1 : ~ e s tor use on x1st ng s t eet cal ' 11nes.

The results of the study are cont loed 1n this report inwhicb w have separe tec_ the l ines into seVEL 81 groups 1n accordencewith most; 6tC IZomlcal pEtra ion for each U n . Tb.e l ines divide tntogroups en w1ng that ths heavier trunk 11n 8 sho d be operate withmodern st:r.ee't cars, while tn t rilled1ate 8nd tgnter 11n B Bo l d beoperated l i th electr ic or gas buse .

Th estimates we e d 0 ig1nall pon a prlv te companyoperation bS131s i bu .ere altered to sho t 6 cost as they wo'ld bewith City op r ~ t 1 o n , inaEwuch 8S hese line. re part of the UnificationPlan. For C t operation, a l l taxes, lnclu iug the gaa taxes for CUBoperatiolll, wor removed.Tn tudy do s not include det 11 onaern1ng exact disposalof vax-lou.s 11 n s w ic are in a r lna1 po 1tionnor 1s c o n s l d a r a t l o ~ given to cbaJ _ outings in certain ease wore we believe this. to bedesirable. T sa sho ld be the subjects to urther study after Unl-1 et ion has b ~ e n e!!e


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C 0 T S

2GGneral 1scuss1cD.ts 0 0 :30

easis f S udy" D _ ., to .. .. It 8s tlon and Cone us1ons 12

e 0o t of t 1 11.;11. e eo 011 Cl til . 15Line R v nuso 18

fis1 for Study . lA Foundation F1gures r r Ro te Cost A lya s lOAWeJI'k Set........................................ 1

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1.

A DY OF THE ECONOU OS OF THE USE OF

VARIOD co TRANSPORTATIO vmICLFS

"1'1 'l'RE SURFACE SYSTFll IN BROO YN.


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2.

F O R E W O R D

T e consummation or t eOnif cat on Plan, includingthe Burfa ~ 11ne in Brooklyn, rese:n e problem ot rehebl11-t a t j o ~ of arioua surface l in a . n orde. t twt the best possiblee n i e y be glv n to th peop e ot th t Bo Qugh. 'fhis prob-

16 T :1..1 be of paramo1,m't inter at 1n the near ut e. 1 aamuchas a larga portion or the present e ulpment 1s haole e.

G eh ice of typea of equlpm nt or this re j v nationshoo 11 b made 1n a manner which 111 P ovl t a greatest amountot of th 19he t ca11 r a t the lowest continuing cost.Choice sold be guid d by me s ~ both he tangible and 10-tanglb e t ctora in olved, glvl g prop6r eight to t s conam1caof contin 0 S op ra t on.

T 1a stu y haa been mad 1n an en savor to set forththe op t1ng econo ies of t e problem, all 0 conal e ~ a t 1 o n the at ~ c ne vehicles ot any ty' 6 ould oave upon gross andnet rev nues from the operation.


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- -mERAL DISCUSS!OrJFapld de elopmants i the automotive end aviation

f ie lds d ring the 1 ~ 8 t 15 years, providing qua11ty s0rvice forthe indiv1dual a t cost apparently wI. thin tr.ia reach of hug.e IJ.um-bers, bav0 created a demand for a better t pe of service froMpublic t r a n ~ p o r t a t 1 o n vehicles. This pr saure has caused amajor change in tho design of mass trans ortation equipment,resulting n comt'o!table, attract ive, fa t and ~ u 1 e t vehicles .which wheD. p:Z'(1)6rl;r selected. for the se vice to be rendered,. re more economical than the i r p r e d e c o 8 s ~ r a .

Changes 1.. equipm6 t on the Brooklyn and Q.wsensTransit S stem h v been fewer 1n proportion th n those on

ther 5 y s t e ~ B t due to continued ~ e g o t 1 a t . o D B for Unifioationand to ! 'r nch1se dU'f tcul t lea enoountore when subs t i tu t ions

' fere pr posed. The introductio of one undred st;ream l inedstreElt ce::os and a ama.ll number of elect r ic bUS8fl has been In-Buff tc lent to acqueJ.nt the general publ1 ifitb. the excel lenteen1 :e r4:3Ddered b the:38 vehicles.


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=;,:.....;;.=.;EE CARS

?be P.C . car, .ant oned abo e, 1s P odu t ofaev l ' 1 1 '6 e f J a 3 . r , ~ h by the Preside t Confer nee Comm1 t teeo .h P ~ lean T. nait As oelation, which group carried utan exton 1 e r Bea ell progrWil D the Brooklyn roperty from1931 t 1930. In 1936 the f i r toe h d1'ad o! these carwere p oe in ope tioD on the 8m th-Cone Is la d. McDonald-VanI rb i l t , Save tA Ave ua and Ble Basin 11 os. Patronageon th se 1 nes iner asad c nsldorably. the increase varyingfrom.it. 'to 35 ar "eut dep nding pon the l ine . bl C 1'13actio B moat raV" . able. Since that t1me ad l t1enal p.e.c.ca. So )Ja e eo 6;1, or r be ng, pIa ed, in perat10n inother cit1 8 as follows:

ldal'1mo e 67 San Diego Z8Chicago 83 < ~ t . Louis 100Cin inat t i 26 Toronto 190Loe Angeles 9 a .hlngton 167P lladelpbte. 15 W s t Coast 30Pi t t s urgb 300 t 1scellaneou --.X!..

T 0 a 1 - 1255


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6.

~ c rs are design d for 8 ooth ra id ccalerationand are quipped 11th a multlpl system of brakes whIch p rmitsthe car 0 hold i t s pl ce 1n fast flowIng traffic. Wheels aDdother mo i pertH ere c shion. d with bber. result1 1 quietcomforts 1 rid1 , superior to any 0 he ... mass transportationavallablo 'for "i ty servlc !'orward facing up olstered seatsare rovlded 'for "Q passengers au ampl aisle space is avail-able for tandeea nd for passengers moving about within the

tio ro Iree a m l n ~ u m a m ~ u n t of physical tf r tfro the operator. Tnt eqUipment is m at satlatact ry for. oper-etlen ou l ines hor travel 1s dense and here it l' necessaryto obtai th greitest use ot street sp C6.

TRIO SES

Electric buses ere introduced in Brookly 1 1932when xp rim Iltal buses ere Infitelled n he Cortelyou Roadl ine" Th ae have the dv ntage ot hIgh acceleration, quiet

")le power available fo heating and l1g t ing(CGU .I'e Power. Pl t ) . They bave the t ex1b1l1 ty ot gas buses


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in p ,:J


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"spot" 1 dl Sf a d tor routing ar und blockades. The useof 1ndl d 1 pow r units nocessltat 8 c ptaDce or a 10 orace l e r a ~ ng r a t ~ t an w1th the ele t r i ' s l vehicles ana leapowe 1 a V 8 1 1 ~ b l for 11g t ing. Fuel costs are bigh comparedto e l e c t ~ 1 c po ar. and maintenance coat3 re greate' due tothe 1ntr.c to eeign of gasoline engine and drives. henoise of the e g1ues a ~ the fumes gen8.sted re obj otio 10fea t\lreS Th eq tpmont requires s gr ta r am un' o t . hys1-cal effor t 011 'the .. art of the pera to r d e to stee. tug andgear sbl1t1ng. Some das1 advances ar beIng made wh1e 1 101 lost l the sh1 t . EconomicallYt the g s us 1s best foruse on l : ~ n e 8 wber sched led headwa.'y8 a1' long and t e densitryof trave: 1s too low to pport f1xe 1 v stmenta 1 ra 1 orovorhead

This I'e 1 w of available equ1 ant for surface oper-atioD 1. iven a bac round tor Buce e ing estimates.


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BASIS iF STUDY

8 s ta t d in the Foreword, th foundation to rselectl01 ot new qui . e t tor surface operation should bebas c. f inally on the eoonomics ot co tlnuouB oparat:lon.

n 0 'del: to prevent a reasona le p1ctttre of theI tuat l0 , c o r ison ot the to ta l annu 1 co t to r in at-e t ,eprec1at1 n, and ~ e r a t 1 o n for each of tb l in 8 h ~ v e be n

set ' p h w l n ~ w. t these wo 1 be .1th e eh kind an 81 ' 0ot VEl ie-e.

h ., r OU.B co ta have been e tabl ahed f .0 ' thact 1 (a t ot op ration on this yate OT r the pa13t yea verif ied t checkl11@' tbeSf:I xpendl tures for the previous'wo e :NJ nd b.1osta, h re avail leD with

reports the jr lcan Tra s i t Assocla ;10n and oth sour s.Inv tms t cos a d de r elation for trae and e q u l p m ~ n t eb en he k d l th our ineering and E_ulpment Departm ntand f 11 the geL ra l rule. The coat t investment has en


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est:S ed on a at ight I1ne asis sing per cent on theav ro e investment. General y, this cost is considered highbut l l :zes for the different types consider d, possIblypo 1 zing th street cara nd l e c t r i ~ buses.

Deprec1 tion has be3n calculatad on 8 basis of20 years for trae. an overhead, 15 yo rs for street c r10 y ars ror lee r ic bus 8 and e year fo g s buses. 1es t ' tea are cal ul t on he De co t f a ll m a t e r 1 a l ~ for traCk, ov rhead and r 11 s t ck for the different l in s ,usi Ilni"'; co-t t rou out. This ha e ~ a opted 8 t ebasia of atlnat in 0 de to eliminate possible confus1 gl s 6 ~ e and to d r i t ~ l y scertain the group type to hith l in belorss.

Some c '1;'3 va been a 8 gnad 0 a car mile basis,80m 011 a ro e 11 taals , and some a a p rcentage of rossre Dues; D.d f ota 1y accident cos 8 , have e Xl cElle -la t j . a r t ly 0 t sls of oar miles erate and partly onth b S18 of route .mil s r gros reve ue


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I t was conclu sd hat t rev U tS or the 11nos Quldinc. e a av ra e a at least 1 par ee t with any ty e o new rol l in stock. This a ~ p t ' o n 1s out by expel' e 06on t' .1s By tam 8 d a 1 thers wb.are ne a t ract ive qu1pment hasbee_ sub tltutGd for obsolete equip ent.

o e t te of ecreasod cost d e t increased achedulsp e . fmS lila 0 e ae . che uled spe s a a 1'8 10table lthout eextra e1 cloSG s udy ot aa h 1 8. I t i s r e ~ s o n a b l e to xpectt h a ~ any of t a l1e 1e yp \ ~ u l ~ 810 aU lncre over t epresrnt p rs ion. althe due to the hi l' a c c e l e r ~ t 1 n g lU 11-t ies of he P.C.C. cars and the electric us 6 5 or to be ad 1-Uon J. t ex10111t or the as bus 8 .

ual rm1les re estima d. u5hlg the atyear 's p ra t i n 'S u base, by inspecti the pe k load eha c-ter lat lcs of ine a d stabIls in 8 rv1ce r e q u l r e ~ e tsaccol'd1 to acoep ad standards. Fo? ~ y l .n s t e s t l teaare aE general y on qu1valont s . Other l ines reest te upon a sis ot mini head ys a1 owable or upon acomb1 t lon of load requirements ane mi' l ~ u m head


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r . tar d ~ t a l 1 r the various coat units an th l rbas B ar cont in d in the st1matlng otas appended.


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RIZATION and C. . . ; . . , ; ; . . . ; . . ; ; . ; ; . ~ . . . : : . ; ; ~ =

1 TnC1ulations of the res l ta o t individual l 1UBstud:!

A. 28 f t e pres nt a reet car 1 es should bec ntl ued a s t reet car l ines.

COIside 1ng the same t raf f ic , 1t thesel inea w re to be operated with 4 pass-eng g B b'ses ( loh are not g neral-ly a'a11 ble a t this time) the annualc at of opera 10n ould be in ,r Badapprox taly ~ J ~ O O O . O Operat1 n with 35 pas3eng r b iB S , nogeneral"y accepted as large bus 8 oulinc as t e annual op rating co t pprox-~ n e t ly pOOO.

B Ot t e remaining 21 r a i l 1 1 n e s ~ 12 can be oper-t ld ost conom1 ,ally a lectr lc b B in 8 , and 9 ca

'be, 0 rato" os economically wit g a buses of dif ter-a t sizes.

n ~ ber o t th6 l ines in thea groupsshould be stUdied t imp ove utlnga.Sam o's1bly bould be disco t1nuedand ~ r t s ot them connected wit otherl in s .


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2. It t ' e yst m r re rane d ~ the suggestebaBl ,epproxl tely 850 t r at cars, 2 ~ 01 at 10 bueoa,

5 a bUG a of aria s required 01' er d nt s t ree t C6.r sY!3tem. This in Iud 5 10 per cent ap re

3qulpmert.

T e pr sent street car e 1 u l ~ ent consistsof one bu d. ed .C.C. c a r . t 0 hundred00 B r ies car buil t 1 1930-1931, f1 ehQDdre and tb1rty-fi7 6000 aeries cars

~ 1 t uri th p r1 )d . om 1923 ~ 1 25,r.d between fou hundred a d f1 e undredlacellaneouB typ S 0 p ~ a s a 61 cars bui l tr ior to t a t time.

qUlpment, xceptln. t e P.C c rs ,lete fro t e 3ta point of appElarpertor e. Ho ever. cars in hed 80 0 s r ies grol_S ere viceable1 continuo 1n us to r a num er ofya ' s . Old r equlpmo t h uld ~ replaced

1"0 ptly s oaslble.

s t r are a nw be ofone 131 ~ t r l 0 u 11neere ot co sld3re 1n th i study.re operat d with t e eXisting leotgaa buses nd lect 1e uses.o .h's sq Ipment shoul. re laced.


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3" '1'he pres nt trackage e x c l t . t d ~ n g yaI'ds, e t . , ispp ') 1 m a ~ e l l 428 ml1eso This would be red ced to approxi

m t ~ l y 2 1 m1 8S.The t r ' remaining would be in battorthan ev rage 00 dit10n, and coul beal11ta1ned OD a routine renewal and 1'e-lac mont basis.

4, Reb bl1 i ta t io on a basis such as O l l t l 1 n ~ d could eace .p l shed wit th least exp nditure 0 new money 8 5 t ae 1s ' in p ant c ~ u l d be continued witn but I1 t t e al ta tiODo

I f ~ l e t e substi tution of buse were'0 de, De yards, O garag a, withne p facil1tiea,nou d be necca ary.

5. A combio5tlon, sing t e v 1'1 us types of vehiclas,o 1 fit b e ~ t wit _ the p e ant per onnel.

I t lOU d h hard to make a quick changeentl-ely e 1111 3t1ng ~ t r a e t ea .. w tho td splac1ng a v 1'y large num er of menho 0 1 find l. t mos dUf ic \ . l t toehan t an a l l us operation.


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DATA CONOEBNING STREET CAROFERATICfi FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1939

1dge

Annual AnnualMlleage Hours2,193,422 276,02810979,6U 1 9 8 ~ 9 2 2 1 9 741 0208 217,1 61 9 642.591 210.",'71 0 506,152 192 1 'l801,519,6 182 00501 0 ~ O , 6 3 158,2 "1,472, 43 172,1221 0 563,174 145,8501,1l2 g S7'" 139&'1231 0 30'1,097 163p4291 0 120,2 1 150,36-;1 0178, 67 6 4 5 ~ 6 3I p103,776 p626992,831 4. 251 p05'1,698 1 1,'149986 026'i' 131,2781,030,833 109,6629 1 5 ~ 3 2 " 126,4809 2,166 117, '19887,916 12 ~ 0 1 8 8 2,319 1 0 4 ~ ' l 2 5 87 803 112 ,461606.153 82 90059-40.12 '16,503504,238 .. ,4 431'1,913 ,2 1232,956 30,7931,187 9 581 134, 11 9238,174 156,0993,828 1 1/'1 192 984'7 116 9 7 8.814 9533 96 9 922714 9 845 91,071821,225 98 0527701\1531 96 00784 2,522 6. ,6?15362,912 9,279380,071 4 ~ 212S? ,fi9'! 2,55'16'16,143 8'7,0226'18,35'1 78,60655 pOOl 60 8 573379 p 3 52,569331 9 085 46,66291 9 7 .5 92'1'1 9226 39 9 2582 6 1 28,491145 s 6 4 28 575

RoutU1lss8.4210046.,


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:1IPUS83

283.183 316,500 28

1.170 t+ l "SI 18-- 254J)WO1.. 170 220,0Q8 334 1 4 7 p 0 6 ~ 0..... 1 8 j l ~ , g I 1 .988 ...... 0 a. , S09.Er.JO 84P 1430700 '11.683,049 1114 1430 700 t.2 11 IP2,3tO II

II

LO S STUDIED , o IMPROYE_NT aN AOUT8NQ.-OTEs ntEeE ' ~ ! N I . .1l


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ELCTRIC BUS (iP[RATION

E8TIUATED cont.9 CPRAVING C ~ T C , DEPRECI"TH)i'3 ANDf N l ' E ~ l ! T BUT EXcLUtm..ll QNERAL AND QA;') TAXES trOllYARIO'.lD TYPES O'f VEHICLES ON LUIIES TENTATIVELY

LECTED FOR ELECTRIC SUO OPERATIONS "LaO, MAXIMUM" 01" ~ ICf,oI8 AEQUIElED INCLUD.NQ C QPARB ANDROUTE MILES C H A R G E A 9 L ~ TO L;NES

59 PADS. HO. ROUTE MILES S PAeS. NO. ROUTE MiLES 45 P A 8 a ~ ~ o 35 PASS. NO" 2 PASS .. N O poe.c. VENI- C H A R G E A ~ ELECTRIC WHI- CHARQEA8L=t Ot.Cl 'IIeH" a a VSiS " I / E H ~ LIN E S CA,IUi eLES TO LONE ~ ~ TO L G - SUlliES aUKa CLEe. ~ ~ $ 3422,104 33 6.681 $333,234 33 6073 $343,647 33 $330,570 36 *414.026 50,7" 138 22 6 ..265 299,289 24 8.37 3OS!,SOi 24 311,404 30 374,870 26 5.804 299,984 26 6.56 306,585 26 3 1 3 , s r 1 ~ 26 2P7,1Cl8 29 .$ J 1 , 5 ~ 20 508G6 2 ~ , 8 5 8 20 6,,91 268,285 20 231 ,m 20 289,371 2289 11 351 22 ..e5 243,995 2 5.11 z t r o , 7 4 ~ 24 270,i.;c zg 3 2 7 , ~ 5 + iZ79,535 l 5,,029 232,833 22 6,,07 2 3 6 , 6 ~ 22 234.005 24 2 7 ~ . 6 8 8 36291,223 20 4.730 m,goo 20 6()OO 233;1891 ZS,tl6O 11 3 ..957 ZOO,E!03 17 4091 212,$58 1'7 213,216 21 235,038 32663,440 I I loee3 IS , ' " H 406' 139.1'409 I t IEII,14, IS 180,873 22942,172 12 2"J'4 12i,,219 15 30 M 123 s804 15 127, .5 0 19 143,IGG 24

.. ! ~ , + 4 2 9 30220 110,337 S) 3,,22 112,276 116,5ai 10 G23,4ig H t 0 9 I ' ! ~ ' ~ .....! i ,,71 M&l1 8 Z ~ e9i 2B5 eTOT A L S D *gA1B4.B40 2; 0 5"l.4fII ' : ' ; " " ~ l ? 2 ! : ! ~ ~ $ a v ~ ! ! \ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ , e ~ . e ~ ~ ~ 9 C 7 ~ , " "

QAI

. . . . . 2 m ~

.....7'


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! i l A ~ ....... ". E..A. 'Qf:L8TIUATEO COaT OF OPERAT 'OM PEA YEAR

INCLUO!MG OPItRATIN9 COUTS, DEPRECIATION AND.NTEA&T OUT EXCLUDING GENERAL AND QA8 TAXES ~ O VAfUOU8 TYPES 0" YEH ICL8 ON LINES TENTATt VELVSELECTED FOR GAS Bua O P E R A T I O f o ~ 1 ALSO, MAXHIW ~ _ U ~ e a : R

O VEHICLES REQUIRED INCl,.UDING 10\l6 SPARta AND ROUTE 'ilLESCHARGEABLE TO LINES

59 PABS. NO. 45 PA8S. NO. 45 PAst. NOo 35 PASS. NO" 2S PAIS. NCo.C.Co VEHI- GAO ' lEtH- ClA! wm- QI\1'3 V ~ ! -ELI!CTRIC "EN ' ' ' '.h..1 N S CARS RUES CUB &USESAd M ______ ROUTE IU Lie BUIES &_53.527 ..! GZpm ...! TOT A l S . ' i32l p317 82 $,,0,2,740 9.i $1$0299721 fn 36071 $975,828 85 $1,05.,190 !to

SIt.I ... "!HiiS!; L I ~ 5 : e AKE CANO.OA1Ee ttlROUTINQ OR ELIM&NATION S T U D I E ~ G (I) TYPe: oF

ATfON.


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LINE

01 3) , '93 "

l

T A Q

NO i ' EA E I VE E THESE LUAS lHV ARE NOW CJlIERATI "C . CAR


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iXPIJ NATION or ASIS FOR J!STIMATING COSTSOF THE OPERATION OJ!' VARIOUS TYPE OF vmICL:ESo Sl'RDE1' AR L IS F THE BROOKLYN AND Q,UEENS___ , - - - ! f W ~ l T CORPORATION SYSTEM

CODcre e track, $13.50 p"r doub track:: toot plus $2.50p r au 1 t a ck fo t tor special wor

t1 .00 x 5280 t t . 84,480 per d ub1e track m1l3 0Th beot est toa ava1lable tor overhead e Dst ctlon1nd1cet tb.8't t h s c a n b CODstru ted a t not JIlOl"e tha $10,500per do ~ l track 11e, 1 clu iug erago feeders and spec1al rk.Th tUDt a 1 ~ c t e d or these at1 tee is 95,000 p rdaubl traok:: 1 1 , 1 e udlns tb. track and ove head. (Source otinforms. 1 1l1, Eng:,neer1ng Dap rtme 'G, B- .T. Corp rat io .)

Be ad n 8.l'erege 20 year 1 fa sis etan erd praotice onthis p r o p ~ r t y . !STRUCfL'ORE, FOR ELIDTRIC BUSES

~

In st-, ion ot ... r10ue estimates 8val1 bl a t the~ J rica, T s i t A oelat10n, d ccord1ng to information receivedfro 1111 W s't1nghou e El atr1c & 3.Dufectur1 Com aZl1, the averageinvest nt p tno- y r o u ~ e ,110 l ies b 8 t . e ~ n $13,000 and $15,000per 1 1 c l u d 1 1 ~ n gat1va reeder r e t u r n ~

selects tor thea oa culat10ns is $15,000 per'wo- 1


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2.

DEPRIroIATION OF C,VERHEAD

Based on avera e 2 ~ e a r l i fe .

The cart per vehicle for each ,ype 1s as follows:p.e.c. Street ca 59 seats 16,500El le t 10 Bus 45 " 12,500Ge B 6 45 12,500" f!I 35 " 1 .150" " 25 'I 7,800

Source or 1 formation, ~ m e r i e a n Transit Ass elat ion.Westinghouse Elect 10 &Man factur1ng Company, General El ctr1C pany, and Bus Division ot the Brooklyn & Queens Transit Cor-pora"1oD..

No Inv,at ants in shops and yards are used In these8stimat 8 as i t 8 onc1uded that theseWo d be approximatelyqual in a l l cas,s .

DEPRIroIJI.TION OF CLES2S oe Cars 15 years 6 per centEl ct 1c Buses 10 " 10 " "Ga 5 Bllsas 8 .. 1 2 I t "

The 15 y r period for , . treet cera 1s 1e s than usuallyconsidered, but l a S selected to allow for possible obsolescenoe.


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3.

The 10 year and 8 year basis to r electr ic b ses andg s bUS3S are th longest generally considered a t p r e 8 e n t ~ dueto greater wear char oterist ics of vehicles operating ever theinequali t ies of stre t pavame t , and duo to a relat ively highrate of obaol scence.

COST F INVESTM TS

The COft of investment haa been calculated on thebasia a 6 per c n on the verage in eatment, the averageinvestment being one=half ot thE! orig nal eoat.S1x (6) per cent on investments is a high charge formoney a t present.

OPERAT ~ COSTS

f t ' E N A l ~ E OF WAY STRUCTURESTREET CARS

I t has been agread, gene.ally, that the maintenance oft rack and overhe d aes not follo a at 1 9 h ~ l ine relat ion w1 hcar ml es operat d. 'rhe exact re1n ion 1a n t known but derdiscu slol1 wi h hOBS tam1liar with track: matntensnce, i t VI agreed that this cost could be estimated partly on the number otcar miles OpOXC.:i1:i d. a d part y on he basis t a per year chargeagainst the tree!: 11 s used by a l ine.The ba is used 1n these lculations provides thatone=hal! of ~ h nnu 1 cost ot this m a l n t e n a ~ c e would be chargedon a track l1e basis, and the remainder on a car mile basis.The amo t spent on the Brooklyn & Qu ens Transit Cor-poration Syst 1!!. for rack maintenance during tb,3 f isca l year end-ing .Tuly 1, 1 39, was $952,000, which is approximately the sameamount 6 was sp nt 1 each of the two previous years.


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. 2 . 5 _ ~ , 000 $ 4 6 J 02$476,000 - '1,111 x 2 = 2,222 per ouble track428.55 Single Track mUe.~ ~ 7 6 00 1.07 cents per car mile.44,571, Car Hiles

The trE,C miles chargeable to a 1 1 n e ~ as used in thesestlmates, 1s a l l o t the track used 1 dlvldually by the I1ne plusa ahare of tho t ack mileage used jointly Ith other 11nes, dlvl edn a percentage of se baais.

'Khen p 1 r.r calculations indicated tnat certain Ineshould be operated Ith free-wheel ~ e h l c l e s p a recalc latlon asecess8,l'1' for other lin,eEl operated over this jo in t t k.

llAlNl'mANCE OF OVERHEADELEPTR!C B U

Th ma.nt nance of overhead to r e ectric bus s also 1sdivided on the basi t ne-halt the cost b 108 on the bus mlleand one balt tb cost on the route mile.The emu t spent 0 the Cortelyou Road l ine ot> theBrooklyn & Q,ueeno 'l'ransi t Corporation during the past two (2) years,as shown. 1 s p e c ~ . a l accounting to r that l ine, was $2,937 f 1938and " ~ 219 tor ..93 This l;.ne i s 2.9 mUes 1n length.Using ~ e 1939 figure we find one-halt the cost per routemile per year to be approx tely $555.00, and the remaining costd1v1 d on a bus mile basis ounts to .48 cents.lnve on of t 1s cost in t he" 11s1s of ElectricBus Operatl B to r 1938" at the American Transit Association,1ndlcat 8 , t r R ber ot reprasentat ve 0 erat10ns G t l ~ t thesecosts are approx: tely $532 00 per route mi e nd.53 cents per


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5.

bus milo including uper1ntendence.The la t te r figures are used in these calculations.

MAINI'ENANCE OF EgUIP1II!NrSTR,!E1' CARS.

The c o ~ t of the s treet car maintenance on the Br oklyn& Queens Transit Corporation System for the f i r s t 81x (6) man be ofthe f1scal year eg1nnlng Ju 1, 1939, was as allows:

S u p e r i n t e n d ( n c ~ ot Equipment = 39,800 ~ 1 C op.m.Re i r s 01' h.saenger at Combination Cars 351,200 1.62 "" " Service Cars 5,800 .03 "" " L ~ e c t r l o a l EqUipment at Cars 1'17,900 .82 "" ,. ~ b o p Machinery- & Tools 11.900 .05 "Shop Expena .s 53,400 .25 "R i rs 01' Other VehiCles 13,700 .0 "1,0 . EqUip e. t Expense 200 - 653,900 ~ c . p . .Do b11ng this amount gives 1,307,800 for a fu l l year.

(Thls au t closely paral lels the ama lD:ts apent 1n each 01'the th r e p r e c s d ~ . rs . )1v1dlng his estimated annual exp nditure by the an uslmileage ot 43,43w,O miles (6 month 11eaga x ) gaTe a pe 0 r mile

c s t 01' 3.01 cen s.


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6.

J4AIN'rENANCE OF JlR,UIPM1N!"EI"ooTRIC BUSESElectric bus operation on the Brao !yn & Queens Tran

i t C o oration System consists ot a single l ine. (Cortelyoucad l ine). h 1 1 small, and therefore difficult to eBtlmate.The follo ing costs were obtai ed fram actual operation, fram paral

le l 9 8 t U n ~ t e s on 8a buses. r street cars. d by verificationsth reports t r ~ l t e Amerioan Trans1t Association 1938 Repor onElectric Bus Op l ~ t l o n . Superlntendonc at Equipment .18Repair ot B se Including All Iabor & t e r t s l - 1.4:3Repairs to Serv1ce Equipment & Other Vau1clos .03 ..Shop eh1nur1 Tools 05 "Shop Ii', pen os .25 "Tl- Ii Tub IS 22

!.:.! c.p.m.INr1!NANCE 0 ; E Q . U ~

GAS BUSP3Invest gatlon of the shop expenses in oonnection withmaintenana of b ses show certain costa of au erv1s1ng. on a permil baa!s, to bo considerably high r t 8 tor street ear shopXPense Thl probably due to a smaller number or vehicles 1nthe bUB f leet as co pared to the street oar fleet . he efore. adjustments h va een os e r duel these to the s tr at car shop basis,thereby reduc1 th estimated coat pe mil considerably balow re-

B ts of ~ c t U 8 1 )peration OD this Syst m.The cow;; sed are as rollo 6 : 45 aS8" 35 Pasa. 25 Pass.Bus_a. BUB Bus

Superintendence f Equ pment .18 .18 .18 c.p. Repairs of P senger Buses InCludingAll tabo .. a d Material 3.42 3 13 2.84 "Repairs to Se!."Vl e Equipment andOther e 1e es .19 .19 .19 tIShop. 14 chine 1 D,(l. Tools .08 .08 .08 "Shop Expenses .25 .25 .25 "Tires and Tub '8 ...:.,72 .49 "4.84 4.03 c.p.mo


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7.

Street car and gas bUB transportation superintendencepe car and bus l le 1s based cost during the f i r s t six (6)months of operation 0_ f iscal year beginning July 1 1939 9 eDdverified by similar a co tlng 0 or the prev10uB thre yearB.Elsotr!c 6 perlntendence of t r Deportation esttmatedper mil on same bas i as ga buses.

rowm5THEEl' CARSCost of pow r 1s baaed on actual c arge for power overthe f i r s t six (6/ 04ths of 1aoa1 year beginn1ng July 1 9 1939.and was chacke Egai.nat prec dina :Ioors.

}l:LEX:;TRlC B\JSESCost of operation i s based on per us mile power oon-sumptl0 88 metered. ult1pl1ed by the rete per K.W.H. on theSyste

Gaaol1 e.nd lubricants. Based on gas consumpt10n perbUB m ll S 8st1nated by Bus Equi lent D1v1s10n. aDd multiplied bycost.

INJURIES TO PERSONS AND PROPERrYInvestigation of acoident reoord s verity showe that ft e total cost or street cer accid nta, approximatel 70 er cent1 to r a c ~ 1 d e n t s which relate to t e number ot miles o p e r a t e d ~ and

30 p r cent 1e r lated to the number 0 passengers carried. On


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buse this relation is 55 per cent end 45 per c nt.

The dlstrlbu 10n ot c s ts f r acciden"s haa bean madeas tollcl a:s t r at Car-a

70%, Mileage Baais 1.86 cents p r Car Mile.30%, G 088 R enue Basis 2023% of Gross Ravenua.

55%9 Mil age Basis =1.18 cents per Car 11e.45%, Groas R0venue Baais m ~ . 1 4 ~ at Gross Revenue.These aoets re baaed on actU8l costs over past six (6)mont s.

OPmATORS' WAGES

Operat ra ' wages a a based on the actual presentschedule cost per mile tor the ind.vidual l ines plus p rcentageto var.lOllS p a r 11 charges due t vacations, sick leave. holldas cial aeour1ty and unemployment lnsu nca.

Annua costs for these details on the Brooklyn & QuoensTransit Corporat10n Tstem, excluding buses, are as t l10ws:c.u (4) Holidays t 41,000

V. cations 163,700.nim l1age 3stck Leave 14.60, 219.600


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- - - - - -

9.

Approxlmate annual pay ro l l tor Brooklyn & Queens TransitCorporaUo Illotol'D'1e based on f1rs t six (6) months of the f i scalyear beg1 ning J\11 1, 1939, was $4,26 ,400.

i 219.6 Jl : ;x 100 5.15;t$4,265,4 0Sta e Un mployment Tax 3. %II'at10n 1 .. oc la1 Securi ty " '" I"..~ n e m p l o y m nt .3 % '"

er Cf!lnt to be dded to Pay Roll Rate 9.45%

I n stlga,1 n ot bus 00 t s indicate t at the same percentagerevail,

G-ENERAL ACCOUNTSI t 1s en ral ly oonoluded that the general costa ot a

company are not pr erl] ' chargeable to individual l ines on a carmile ba,a! Therefore., e. general distribution of these costs ona per cent ot g 88 revenue baais a chosen.

The pe entages used are those found . hrough using theto ta l g:oas r Va u s of both compa les with the sum of the generalcosts tor bo h c ~ m p nies.

GENERAL TAX ACCQ'LlNl'Taxes (It t rans i t companies are on a percentage of grossreven e basis. ax s were n t included in the f inal calculationto r these l ines S ot e tect1ve r City operation.


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10.f DAylQ! FIGURES FOR ROUE COST ANALYlf]~ J ~ S . 4 45 PAS ' ; ' : : : ; ' . . : . , Q : ~ 1:5 P A $ ~ Z5 PAS . PSTREET ELEC'TRICBUSE ASO IHE GASOLINBUSES BUSE GASOLI EBUSES

$15.

~ 5 3 1 2 ..60125s, '3 SOl...!.::JY'0.,'12;

04 842.55,2....hJ!"".411

404312 .2 ..23"...!.:J!10039

~ 0 0 3 1 i ! 2055;'.fi6jt..LtlY9. ,.

2PEBATORS' JAGg. (SCtEIlULl::O c ..P.....PLU. 9o....'P OF SCHEOULE C.P" ..FOR or R PAYA L EXP I TURE8

i URE D)

fiXED I _ CARL$95,000

OPERATt

~ PEROF' Nt tUAL TOTAL CE.C &20'11

3 . 0 t ~ Z.92t091#a ~

1 ~ I.

M1'S.OF I . s. ( O'F L TOTAL. TCEo e T) 222 ~ 5 3 2* 11UAb .'!Q.l!!,E_REV UE

. ..02; . . .. .. 5 o 50 5 .. 5048'"a TV (30% CA USES) ~ L -O TAL ". q .. .. 7 .. 7 8 . 8 . 6.64. 6R I.; .TP.X ACCTS. BASED

.TAT F E T X AP I TAL STOCK .Otijt . O l ~ .01 .01'1TAX I ) r ~ L . .20.' .2 .. . TAX OM I \l2 If r 0' .. o04S' o

I " 1"AXOMCDPlIlO VI Til!. I . . . I .. I . IlY PER6 .. o o o04f,# 004-'e TY CAR LI . "fiE TAX .U"

-0 TI TA .. .3 ..33;$ .. .,3TATE FRANCHI ,ms ., .. (. o

eo:SPEC I L CITY S E MING8 20 2 o 5 .. 0 50 ,SATE PU liC UTILITV TAX 2 ..00]S 2. 2 .. 2 . 20001Gen" TAX :::A IN I " ..

TOT A L .. .. 7,,7 7.63.' 9 o .. 90 IIEST I R EHI $16.500 $12,500 !2,,5OO $10,150 7.800EST' ATEO L'TE 8 8 e

~ - TAX ACCO riNG AS ELIMINATE FRmA l'lfESE CALCULATIONS.


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- - - - - - - -11.

/ WORK. t'lHEBrROUTE COSTS ANALYSES--- . - r - - - - - - t - - - - t - - . - - - . , . - - - - I " - - - - - 59 Pass. 45 Pass. ~ Pass. 35 Pass. p5 Pass.:.P.C.C.

srR1!.'EI' EL:Er.TRIC GASOLINE GASOLINE GA.30LINEROU1'E CARS BUSES BUSES BUSES BUSESTota l In-as. 1n T;Ck. &. Ovol"hd. t rov.bleTrack) I~ - - : - - - - ~ ~ ~ : " ' : : " ' : : ; ' ; : ' : ' : : - " : ; " : : ' : " ' : : : ' : : ~ - - - I I - - - - + - _ . _ - - + - - - + - - - - + - - _ _ --JTota l Invee. In Veb1clas :Hax. No. or' Vab. ,..-t-----tR - q - u - l : : - r - e - - : : d ~ ( - = P - : - l u - s - - : l : - : : O : - : : l %

Spares)Annual RotLte Rev.(1939 Plus %Inc,)~ u - a - l - V ' e ~ b : - . - . . 1 4 ; ; - ; : 1 - : : 1 - e - s - O : : : - p - e - ! " - H - : - t - a - , ; ' d - r t l : - : 9 : : - : : 3 ; - ; : 9 ~ J - - + - _ - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - + -Route 1.411__8 C h a r ~ e ble +.0 LineOPERATING COST ]sl ' . ONcosT P E l ~ M l t E ~ : : : '::1 1 =;===4

, O l OPERATION _ _ ~ = ~ = 7 = t J ~ ' F = 1 = O ~ o . m ~ .1 1 . 4 1 ~ 7 ~ 9 : O p e r ~ c o 8 t s lx Veb. llas....Q1?era tedl [ ....---- j1r--- . . . . . ,-- '---- . !OPEAATORS 9 ;''{AGES (Cost per : l . 1 l l e - n IPlus 9 .45% {X Veh1El 1Illes 02er l . l - . - - -+- - - - -+- - - -+- . - - - t - - - - - - - fMntce. Cost Chargeable per Double Trek.H 18 for Track & Overhd. (St. Gar $2222)

( J ! ~ l e o B u s $532)ruCOOE PLATE TAX oCl $10 per BUSG m . A c ( f r ~ = O N O.F=ANNyAL H . - . O U ~ T ~ E ~ : n : : - : . ' E : Y ' : : : . :-".+---- t----- ; ---- ; ( of Rte. Rev:T ?,?3JJ 6.64'" 8 > 6 4 ~ 8,,64" R 1'.oS:t.

1 : : . . . . . . . ; : ; G e n ~ ~ = = A = c C = . . t ; ; : ~ 6 = o = = ( X " ' = " ~ = = O , ; . , f = R = 0 = = u t = e = R = e = v = . = ) = = : : : : : ~ : ~ ~ : ~ - - = - = : : ~ = l = : r ~ ~ . . . . ; = : I I . ! = a = ~ = F ~ - - - = - : : : = : : ; : : . = ~ = : : : : - t Annual ost Excl. Depreciation. I

lntr , Gen. TaxesGENERAL TAX ACCTS. ON PER CENT OJ" IROUTE RI:, rENU f" ? ( ?4% ? 6:3'p 9,58%General Taxes (X %of Route rev ,)Annual Costs Excldg. D prec1at1on

t,. InterestI - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - . . . ; ; ; ~ ~ . : : : ; . . : . . ; : : : . : ; . ; : c - - + _ - - - . - + _ - - . - t _ . - - _ _ ; I _ - -- ~ - . - _ t

~ on. Voh. @ ~ . : n A7rg.lnvest,

A AL OP.;RA'I'ING C STS EXCLOO.DEPRJr,;:ATION &. INTEREST= - ~ ; ; ; ; ; . ; : . ; . . ; . ; : . . = ; " - ' - - ' = - ~ . . . ; ; ; . . ; . ; ; . ; ~ ~ = - - - - - - : - - ~ - - _ . - . - _DeDrec1at1on on Fixed Invest. 5 ..- - - - + - . - - + - - - - + - - - - __ lln t on Flxad Iz:.ve.,t ' : on Avr .

1 1 ~ e 8 t m e n t Denreclation on~ = : . = . : : = . . = . . . Veh1cles: : . = - - = = - - , , ~ = ~ = - - - - - - - - - I - - - - - + - - - - + - . = J ~ _ -.-+- .. __ ---IGR.AN:J TarAL '0

RE J 4 \ RK S ..N O ~ ! : . . * All" 6xr.:ept license plate taxes w re

oliminated

A Study of the Economics of the Use of Various Types of Mass Transportation Vehicles on the Surface...

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