A Study of History : Volume 2 (Arnold J. Toynbee)

7/27/2019 A Study of History : Volume 2 (Arnold J. Toynbee)

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oj tgd Luemojt`jb*

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bdjous oj tg`t w`y er O mobgt ìi. oj `jy etgdr !

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erb`joz`toejs. ojhnuiojb A* R Fndosgdr. puanosgdr ef Ygd K`p`j @ivdr-

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sojhd g`s addj seni te tgd K`p`jdsd bevdrjmdjt*

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fer bovojb md `j `ssobjmdjt oj Xg`jbgò. d`rny oj 0?12< te Ygd Jdw

_erl Yomds. fer `ppeojtojb md tgdor hgodf herrdspejidjt oj Hgoj`.

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pdepnds oj tg`t n`ji tgd M`jhgus oj tomd wdrd àseradi* Ygd pre-

hdss w`s p`ssovd. sh`rhdny jetohdànd frem bdjdr`toej te bdjdr`toej*

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01 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

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te m`jy fer se nejb. os stonn ` roiind*

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sompny ie jet t`nl tgd s`md n`jbu`bd*

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weri m`ji`roj md`js effoho`n* Fer ojst`jhd. wgdj ejd spd`ls

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omprdss tgd hemmej pdepnd* Ygdsd effoho`n+. `nn evdr tgd Moiind Lojb-

iem hejvdrsdi oj tgd M`ji`roj n`jbu`bd. `ji dvdjtu`nny shgen`rs oj

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frem etgdr p`rts ef Hgoj`* Ygesd wge h`j rdì `ji wrotd. gewdvdr.



YYOD IQ@BEJ XYOQX 08

h`j bdt tgdor tgeubgts evdr ay wrotojb tgdm fer etgdrs of aetg ljew

djeubg ef tgd heujtndss godrebnypgs. er hg`r`htdrs. wgohg tgd Hgojdsd

pdrsost oj usojb oj prdfdrdjhd te tgd Qem`j `npgàdt. Fdw ef tgd

933.333.333 Hgojdsd ` budss. fer je `hhur`td hdjsus os `vònànd

g`vd m`stdrdi tg`t fermoiànd t`sl* Ygdrd os `j dffert jew mddtojb

wotg semd md`surd ef suhhdss te td`hg tgdm tgd tgeus`ji hg`r`htdrs

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aoeìh`st ljewndibd te tgd m`ssds* Oj tgd mòj. tgd Hgojdsd rdmòj

`j ojdrt m`ss ef onnotdr`td pdepnds wge iostrust jet ejny mdj frem

`jy ferdobj n`ji. aut d`hgetgdr*

@ m`j frem tgd jdxt prevojhdos

` ferdobjdr%" te monnoejs ef tgd hemmej pd`s`jtry. `ji heenods*

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wgotd-get gd`t ef tgdor g`trdi fer tgd sturiy nottnd mdj frem K`p`j

m`y wdni tgdm tebdtgdr pdrm`jdjtny* Of se. tgd sejs ef H`tg`y

wonn jet g`vd iodi oj vòj*

Z

Aut `s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht. ` H`jtej-m`j `ji ` Sdlojb-m`j jew

k`rd je merd `nold tg`j `j Ot`no`j er ` Xp`jo`ri. `ji `j Orosgm`j* Ygd

H`jtejdsd os usu`nny sgert. sw`rtgy er i`rl ydnnew. get-gdìdi. `ji

-` be-bdttdr oj ausojdss* Ygdy `rd tgd Hgojdsd ejd erioj`rony fojis

àreì* Oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. tgeus`jis `rd nùjirymdj* Ygdor

spddhg seujis soaon`jt. merd sojb-sejb oj tejd tg`j etgdr Hgojdsd

n`jbu`bds* Ygdy `rd tgd rdvenutoej`rods. tgd rdstndss seuns ef @so`*

ft w`s frem H`jtej tg`t tgd n`tdst hovon w`r adb`j. wgdj tgd forst

sddis ef j`toej`n ujoty wdrd pn`jtdi*

Ygd mdj frem tgd jertg `rd t`nndr tg`j tgesd ef tgd H`jtej `rd`*

.Ygdy spd`l ` ioffdrdjt tejbud* Ot os adttdr meiun`tdi. `ji merd

pnd`sojb te gd`r* Ygdsd mdj `rd ndss venh`joh* Ygdy `rd merd eftdj

tgd shgen`rs. a`jldrs. seniodrs* Xemd be ojte ausojdss er tgd pre-

fdssoejs Ygdy r`rdny tr`vdn. `s ie tgd H`jtejdsd*

Ygd eroboj`n Hgojdsd rdvenutoej`rods wge evdrtgrdw tgd M`jhgu

iyj`sty oj 0?00 mevdi tee r`poiny fer tgdor ewj beei* Ygdy id-

streydi ùtgeroty. aut gì jejd wotg wgohg te rdpn`hd ot* Ygd eustdi

Xej ef Gd`vdj w`s ferhdi te w`thg a`jiots `ji w`r neris shr`mand

fer pewdr oj gos rettojb rd`nm*

Ygd upre`r wotgoj Hgoj` ldpt tgd werni budssojb fer yd`rs* Fdw

pdepnd oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds er dnsdwgdrd ujidrst`ji wgy tgd Hgojdsd

`nw`ys g`vd feubgt `mejb tgdmsdnvds*



09 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Oj tgd forst pn`hd. ot sgeuni ad ujidrsteei tg`t tgd hùsds ef w`r

oj tgd v`st `ji tddmojb Srevojhds ef Hgoj` `rd oidjtoh`n wotg tgd

hùsds ef w`r `jywgdrd* Oj etgdr weris. tgdy `rd dhejemoh `ji

penotoh`n of tgd twe h`j ad sdp`r`tdi* Ygd ioffdrdjhd os tg`t tgdsd

hùsds `ffdht tgd ojiovoiu`ns ojvenvdi merd iordhtny tg`j tgdy usu`nny

ie dnsdwgdrd* @ m`j keojs `j `rmy oj Hgoj` adhùsd gd jddis tgd

mejdy effdrdi* Gd os eut ef werl. gd h`jjet foji `ke//*

@j oj-

hrd`sojb jumadr jew keojte fobgt K`p`j. `ji `rd sojhdrdny p`troetoh

hgodfny adhùsd tgd K`p`jdsd tgrd`tdj tgd dhejemoh dxostdjhd ef tgd

Hgojdsd*

Ygd m`keroty sdd oj tgd ujoferm ` nohdjsd te neet< oj tgd rofnd. `

hg`jhd te bòj ` wd`ntg ef serts< oj tgd revojb nofd ef ` seniodr. wg`t

nottnd rem`jhd tgdrd os te ad gì eut ef `j dxostdjhd tg`t os `t adst

a`rrdj*

Hejsdrv`tovd dstom`tds pn`hd Hgoj`"s `rmdi ferhds `t frem 0.433.-

333 te 1.333.333 mdj. aut jejd h`j heujt `hhur`tdny tgd gerids oj

tgd `rmods `ji a`jiot a`jis tg`t re`m tgdor s`jbuoj`ry w`y àeut

tgd w`rterj f`hd ef ` tordi H`tg`y* F`mojd g`s ìidi te tgd gerrer

ef hovon w`rs fer idhìds `ji ef K`p`jdsd ojv`soejs oj n`ttdr yd`rs<

`ji tgeus`jis ef mdj `rd rdìy te be ojte `j `rmy er keoj ` idspdr`td

a`jiot a`ji te lddp frem st`rvojb* Ygdor ojhrd`sdi jumadrs ìi te

tgd vot`n seho`n preandms tgdy weuni dsh`pd< aut tgdor ompunsd os hdr-

tòjny j`tur`n ujidr tgd horhumst`jhds*

Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `ji etgdr ndìdrs oj tgd eni

J`jlojb rdbomd. jew ej ` w`rtomd a`sos `t Hgujblojb. `rd g`mpdrdi

ay n`hl ef hemmujoh`toejs `ji ay tgd j`tur`n meujtòj nòrs te ad

feuji oj m`jy prevojhds* Dfferts te mòjtòj n`w `ji eridr `rd

fddand dvdj oj jerm`n tomds* @jy bevdrjmdjt. `s Yelye wonn jew

foji eut `t J`jlojb. wonn g`vd ioffohunty ojadttdrojb tgd sotu`toej

r`poiny* Dvdj ` aej` foid Hgojdsd Hdjtr`n bevdrjmdjt weuni g`vd

ioffohunty oj mòjtòjojb eridr evdr `nn Hgoj` ujton suhg tomd `s ròn-

reìs `ji gobgw`ys h`j ad auont. tgd pd`s`jtry diuh`tdi `ji ` strejb

j`toej`n `rmy dvenvdi frem tgd prdsdjt stonn neesdny fdidr`tdi ferhds*

A`jiots g`vd addj ` trìotoej`n sheurbd ef Hgoj` fer hdjturods*

Ygdsd revojb reaadrs `rd hejsoidrdi `s hdrtòj tgdrd `s id`tg `ji

t`xds* Ygd a`jiot-supprdssoej bdjdr`ns ehh`soej`nny feuji ot dxpdiodjt

te ojherper`td a`jiot b`jbs ojte tgdor `rmods r`tgdr tg`j try tefobgt



YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX OX

ot eut wotg tgd eutn`ws* A`jiot ejd i`y. seniodr tgd jdxt os `

truosm oj Hgoj`*

Ygdrd os ` hn`ssoh stery teni `nejb tgd Hgoj` he`st ef gew tgd

forst penohd ferhd oj tgd werni h`md te ad fermdi tgdrd* O eutnojd ot

gdrd. te idmejstr`td tgd tgereubgny rdsobjdi `ttotuid tew`ri tgdsd

Kdssd K`mds mdj ef @so`*

@ pewdrfun a`jiot hgodftòj oj enidj tomds. ot os sòi. fdnn oj nevd

wotg tgd iùbgtdr ef ` wd`ntgy mdrhg`jt oj tgd `rd` oj wgohg tgd

a`jiot `ji gos mdj gdni sw`y* Gd w`s nejb ujànd te woj gdr* Aut

ejd i`y gd tgeubgt ef ` shgdmd* Gd eridrdi gos mdj te ròi tgd

mdrhg`jt"s p`n`to`n w`rdgeusd `ji wgdj tgdy iovoidi tgd neet. `nn

gd teel w`s `j overy mojo`turd ef tgd mdrhg`jt"s iùbgtdr*

Iosbuosojb gomsdnf `s ` tr`vdndr. tgd a`jiot Hgodf teel tgd mojo-

`turd te tgd mdrhg`jt"s gemd ` fdw i`ys n`tdr*

O adb yeu. sor. gd sòi. te pdrmot md te rdturj tgos overy

mojo`turd wgohg O hg`jhdi upej oj ` sgep oj tgd vonn`bd* O nd`rjdi

ef yeur ness. `ji `m pnd`sdi te rdturj ot te yeu*

Ygd mdrhg`jt w`s jet feendi* Gd teni tgd a`jiot tg`t gd rdheb-

jozdi gom `ji `sldi wg`t gd w`jtdi* Ygd a`jiot rdpnodi `moàny*

Jew tg`t tgdy ujidrsteei ejd `jetgdr. gd sòi. gd w`jtdi mdrdny te

m`rry tgd mdrhg`jt"s iùbgtdr* Ygd mdrhg`jt rdfusdi* Gd idhn`rdi

ojiobj`jtny ot w`s ompessoand tg`t ` iùbgtdr ef gos sgeuni wdi `

tgodf. `ji tgdy t`nldi ef etgdr tgojbs

Foj`nny ` heujtdr-prepes`n w`s mìd ay tgd mdrhg`jt* Gd hem-

pnòjdi ef tgd gd`vy ndvods wgohg tgd a`jiot"s ròis wdrd m`lojb ej

gos prepdrtods `ji effdrdi te p`y tgd hgodftòj ` hdrtòj jumadr ef

podhds ef sonvdr d`hg yd`r of tgd a`jiot weuni ejny quot reaaojb gom.

`ji weuni `ssurd gom ef ommujoty te ness tgreubg tgodvdry ay etgdrs*

Ygdy mìd ` id`n `ftdr tgd gàotu`n penotd g`bbnojb `ji swerd `j

e`tg te tgd p`ht*

@ wddl er se n`tdr tgd a`jiot h`nndi gos prespdreus a`ji tebdtgdr*

Gd gì addj quotd ausy oj tgd md`jtomd* Rgdj tgdy gì `nn hemd

tebdtgdr gd ìirdssdi tgdm wotg gos prepes`n* Gd gì sddj mest ef

tgd mdrhg`jts oj gos tdrrotery `ji gd gì bet tgd etgdrs te `brdd

te p`y sdt sums ` yd`r fer ommujoty*

Ygd tet`n. my ardtgrdj%" gd sòi. ay f`r dxhddis tgd `meujt wd

g`vd `vdr`bdi ay werlojb g`ri `s a`jiots oj rdhdjt yd`rs* Gdjhd.

wd m`y rdtord `ji ydt ad `ssurdi ef ojhemds brd`tdr tg`j of wd



06 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

hejtojud te pny eur `jhodjt `ji gejerànd prefdssoej `mejb tgd

wertgy bdjtry ef tgdsd jeand gonns*

Ygdrd w`s je nottnd iossdjsoej `t forst* Ygd a`jiots gdsot`tdi te

bovd up tgd `jhodjt prefdssoej wgohg tgdy `ji tgdor `jhdsters gì

fennewdi fer bdjdr`toejs* Aut oj tgd dji. `nn `brddi te tgdor hgodf"s

pn`js* Ygdy weuni hd`sd te pnujidr < noldwosd. tgdy `brddi te prdvdjt

nov`n a`jis frem reaaojb tgdor bdjdreus p`trejs* Oj ` weri. tgd forst

penohd ferhd ej d`rtg w`s feujidi*

Ygd a`jiot ndìdr. jew ` rdspdhtànd hgodf-ef-penohd. pòi heurt te

tgd mdrhg`jt"s iùbgtdr* Oj iud heursd. tgd stery rujs. tgdy wdrd

m`rrodi `ji novdi g`ppony dvdr `ftdr*

Yrud er jet. tgos bovds `j ojsobgt ojte tgd `vdr`bd Hgojdsd psy-

hgeneby ej a`jiotry* A`jiots hejtojud te pn`y `j ompert`jt p`rt oj

tgd monot`ry nofd ef tgd n`ji* Iurojb K`p`j"s ujidhn`rdi w`r `ji

fer yd`rs `ftdrw`ris. a`jiots m`y ad dxpdhtdi te re`m frem ujoferm

te ujoferm `ji a`hl `bòj wotg `stejosgojb à`jiej*

Oj Yelye. tgdrd os ` strejb `ji r`poiny brewojb sdjtomdjt `mejb

tgd ney`n suakdhts ef Dmpdrer Goregote fer ` brd`tdr. `ji dvdr merd

pewdrfun K`p`j* Ygdor jdw hry os. @so` fer tgd @so`tohs! Ygdy

gepd te `hgodvd Ttepo` oj tgd Erodjt`n gdmospgdrd* @ji mest om-

pert`jt te us. tgd K`p`jdsd weuni dvoht tgd hdjtury-eni iemoj`tojb

ojfnudjhd ef tgd wgotd m`j frem `nn tgd F`r D`st `ji rund tgdm-

sdnvds*

Dvdj `mejb tgd Hgojdsd. ef n`ttdr i`ys. tgd K`p`jdsd g`vd semd

suppertdrs oj tgd surbd tew`ri rdjdwdi vober `ji ùtgeroty fer tgd

ydnnew r`hds ef tgd werni* Etgdrs wge ehh`soej`nny keoj tgd K`p`jdsd

oj tgos pg`sd ef tgdor irovd fer pewdr `rd tgd pdepnds ef Ojio`. tgd

Fonopoje r`hds Mere. Y`b`neb `ji etgdrs tgd Xo`mdsd. Yoadt`js.

Mejbens. @ràs `ji dvdj tgd Yurls `ji revojb Mesndm troads ef

Jertg @froh`*

S`ssoej`tdny. `nw`ys oj tgd buosd ef gobg p`troetosm. tgd K`p`jdsd

gepd tg`t ejd i`y tgdy wonn `hgodvd hejtren ef tgd djtord F`r D`st* M`jyef tgdsd zd`nets weuni dvdj ojhnuid @ustr`no` oj tgdor f`r-fnujb

shgdmd* Joppej"s st`tdsmdj djvos`bd K`p`j `s tgd spd`rgdì ef tgos

mevdmdjt. dmdrbojb ejd i`y `s tgd brd`tdst pewdr oj gostery* Oj

tgd n`st hdjtury `jetgdr osn`ji lojbiem Djbn`ji. oj tgd Ehhoidjt

resd te suhg gdobgts tgreubg tgd ird`ms `ji dxpneots ef Neri Hnovd

ef Ojio`< ef Bnìstejd. Iosr`dno `ji tgdor ompdro`nostoh mdj-ef-tgd-pdj.



YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX 02

suhg `s tgd n`td Quiy`ri Lopnojb* Ygus ot os jet tee f`r-fdthgdi `

ird`m jew fer ydnnew mdj wge pejidr ej tg`t. te `spord te somon`r

bnery `ji `hgodvdmdjts

Ygdrd `rd easdrvdrs `t tgd dma`ssods. ndb`toejs `ji hejsun`tds oj

tgd Erodjt wge adnodvd tg`t fòr-slojjdi pdepnds oj tgd rdst ef tgd

werni weuni ad wosd kust jew te objerd K`p`j"s idtdrmojdi nottnd

monot`ry mdj `ji tgdor `jtohs. rdb`rindss ef wg`t tgdy ie* Gewdvdr.

tg`t os jet eur hgodf hejhdrj gdrd Ot os ` f`shoj`tojb stuiy. `ji

tgd K`p`jdsd ojv`soej ef Hgoj` ujieuatdiny wonn ad tgd suakdht ef

m`jy aeels. otsdnf* Aut O sg`nn ioshuss gdrd tgd rubbdi mdj `ji

swoft dvdjts tg`t g`vd ldpt tgd F`r D`st oj mystoh turmeon fer merdtg`j ` qu`rtdr ef ` hdjtury*

Ygd idhìd 0?12-82 adb`j wotg tgd st`rt ef tgd voendjt Luemojt`jb

Qdvenutoej `t H`jtej* O sg`nn idshroad tgd rdadns" sdozurd ef Xg`jbgò

`ji tgd turaundjt dvdjts wgohg fennewdi wgond O w`s novojb eut tgdrd

oj tgd tgohl ef ot*



RGDJ XG@JBG@O FDNN

YGDeffohdr frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojd Herps àruptny nd`jdi

`hress eur iojojb tànd `t tgd @mdroh`j Hnua oj Xg`jbgò `ji

surprosdi md wotg ` suiidj qudstoej*9

"H`j yeu lddp ` sdhrdt5 gd `sldi*

Gos veohd gì adhemd new `ji eiiny ojtdjsd* Ot w`s f`r frem `p-

prepro`td te tgd gddindss `tmespgdrd `reuji us. O teni gom O heuni.

of jdhdss`ry. aut sòi tg`t adojb ` w`r herrdspejidjt `t tgd gdobgt ef

tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej hejvunsojb `nn Hgoj` md`jt hut-tgre`t hem-

pdtotoej. p`rtohun`rny oj sdhrdts* Ygdrd wdrd notdr`nny sherds ef etgdr

prdss mdj wge gì addj sdjt eut D`st ay tgd syjioh`tdi prdss sdrvohds

`s wdnn `s heujtndss ojiovoiu`n jdwsp`pdrs `ji m`b`zojds oj pr`htoh`nny

dvdry hovonozdi heujtry ej d`rtg*

O h`j%" O sòi. *aut yeu h`j"t m`ld md nold ot* Rgy5Gd tgeubgt fer ` memdjt* Ygdj ;

_eu"nn ljew tgos ay merjojb `jyw`y< O mobgt `s wdnn tdnn yeujew* Aut wonn yeu lddp yeur seurhd. `t nd`st. àsenutdny ` sdhrdt

adtwddj us5

Sesotovdny*

El`y. gd `jswdrdi. aut iej"t quetd md* O"nn idjy ot! Jewnostdj. tgos os stròbgt iepd* Ot"s effoho`n. er wonn ad ay merjojb. `jy-

w`y* O mobgt ossud eur hemmujoqud mysdnf* Xe bdt tgos;

Ygd H`jtejdsd `rd ej tgd m`rhg* Ygdor treeps `rd hnesojb oj tgos

mojutd* Xg`jbgò wonn f`nn oj tgd jdxtferty-dobgt

geurs* @ji tg`t"s

` f`ht*

O wej"t quetd yeu. O premosdi. aut ndt"s bdt eut ef gdrd. jew!

Of tg`t"s frem yeur M`rojd Ojtdnnobdjhd rdperts. ot beds te Jdw _erl

tejobgt* O"m hànojb ot urbdjt* @ji wotgeut qu`nofoh`toej*

_eu"i adttdr ad robgt er r`tgdr. O gì! Hemd ej*

Rd gurrodi evdr te tgd bneemy-neelojb r`msg`hlnd Tjotdi Srdss

07



RGDJ XG@JBG@O FDNN 0?

effohds. twe anehls iewj Feehgew Qeì tew`ri tgd Auji. er w`tdr-

frejt* Ygd effohdr `ji O stumandi iewj ` an`hl. heaand-stejdi anoji

`nndy te

myidsl* O wretd `j urbdjt hànd te tgd Tjotdi Srdss oj

Nejiej. tgdj my rdn`y peojt te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds* Ot rdì;

H@JYEJDXD YQEESX M@QHGOJB* F@NN XG@JBG@O

TJN@YDQJ MEJI@_ OJDVOY@AND*

Yg`t w`s `nn* Aut ot w`s djeubg*

Aey%0

O sgeutdi* ""Hgep hgep! Bdt beojb !

@ heenod h`md rujjojb* Gd bràadi tgd iosp`thg. geppdi ej gos

aohyhnd `ji w`s eff fer tgd Ydndbr`pg Auoniojb. twe anehls `w`y ej

@vdjud Diw`ri VOO* @ fdw mojutds `ftdr tgd M`rojd effohdr"s quodt

`jjeujhdmdjt `t tgd @mdroh`j Hnua. weri w`s ej ots w`y* Ot b`vd

` sm`sgojb ndì fer my X`turi`y `ftdrjeej p`pdrs `nn evdr tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds `ji Xeutg @mdroh`. `ji tgd dvdjojb diotoejs oj Durepd* Ygd

werni gì wòtdi wddls. wgond Hgoj`"s rdvenutoej w`s `t st`ndm`td*

M`jy ferdobjdrs wdrd tgereubgny hejvojhdi tgd Jertg Hgoj` w`r

neris gì wej* Xemd tg`t dvdjtfun jobgt dvdj hàndi tgdor frodjis er

jdwsp`pdrs a`hl gemd tg`t Xg`jbgò w`s stonn ojvojhoand* F`td prevdi

tgd hejtr`ry. `ji `nse w`s loji te md*

Ygd ioffdrdjhd oj tomd mìd my fertujd pessoandstg`t. `ji ojvotojb

` M`rojd effohdr te iojjdr wotg md `t tgd @mdroh`j Hnua. oj ` purdny

h`su`n memdjt* Jojd e"hnehl `t jobgt oj Xg`jbgò os dobgt e"hnehl

tgd merjojb ef tgd s`md i`y oj Jdw _erl. fer Jdw _erl os tgortddj

geurs adgoji Xg`jbgò* Yomd w`s wotg md< `nse tgd M`rojd* Rdgì addj werlojb tebdtgdr dvdr sojhd gos `rrov`n ej tgd treep tr`js-

pert sgop Hgùmejt sdvdr`n wddls adferd tgos jobgt* Rd gì sw`ppdi

tops `ji mutu`n hejfoidjhds. `ji jew gd b`vd md tgd topej wg`t wd gì

addj wòtojb fer `nn tgesd frdjzodi i`ys oj tg`t mest a`ffnojb ef hotods.

Xg`jbgò*

Ygos ojhoidjt ehhurrdi ej M`rhg 0?. 0?12* Hgoj` w`s oj `

trdmdjieus upgd`v`n* Gdr sejs wdrd djb`bdi oj rdvenutoej* Xemdh`nndi ot hovon w`r* Gdr mdj frem tgd Jertg `ji tgesd frem tgd

Xeutg wdrd fobgtojb oj ` idspdr`td strubbnd fer m`stdry* Aretgdrs

feubgt aretgdrs. `s oj eur R`r adtwddj tgd Xt`tds* Ygd Xevodt

Tjoej w`s '`ji rdmòjs/ merd tg`j `j ojtdrdstdi easdrvdr* Ygd

rdadnnoej gì ` Qusso`j @ivoser`td sdjt eut frem Meshew* Ot w`s

gdìdi ay Mol`n Aereioj* Yei`y. gd rujs `j Djbnosg-n`jbu`bd



13 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

jdwsp`pdr oj Meshew soh tr`jsot bnero` mujio* K`p`j noldwosd w`s

f`r frem oind* Xgd gì je ìvoser`td ej dotgdr soid effoho`nny*

Aut gdr monot`rosts. dvdr

djhg`jhojb

tgdor pewdr àreì. gì `j `hd

oj tgd gend oj tgd pdrsej ef tgd Aey Dmpdrer. ` shgen`rny aut gdnp-

ndss yeujb m`j ef tgd eni M`jhgu Iyj`sty oj Sdlojb wge gì

hg`jbdi gos j`md te pnòj Mr* Gdjry Su-yo*

Ygd Qusso`js fndi n`tdr oj 0?12* K`p`j tdj`hoeusny gujb ej*

Dvdjtu`nny. oj 0?80. sgd sdozdi M`jhguro`. rdj`mdi ot M`jhgulue `ji

put tgd Aey Dmpdrer ej tgd tgrejd ef gos `jhdsters* Gd os ` M`j-

hgu* Xemd i`y. tgd K`p`jdsd monot`rosts oj tgdor nust fer bnery `ji

pewdr 'er p`troetosm. `s tgdy `rd funny hejvojhdi/ m`y ad dxpdhtdi

te pn`hd tgdor puppdt `bòj ej gos Ir`bej Ygrejd oj Sdopojb* Ot

heuni g`ppdj aut tg`t os `jetgdr stery* @nn Hgoj`. md`jwgond. rd-

mòjs oj hgès. `ji preaàny wonn. fer yd`rs*

O fennewdi up tgd iosp`thg wotg ` arodf idshroptoej ef tgd ìv`jhd

`s idshroadi ay tgd M`rojd* Gd sòi gos Ojtdnnobdjhd Herps nodutdj`jts

gì addj eut tew`ri tgd rdadn H`jtejdsd nojds `nn tg`t X`turi`y. `ji

gì t`nldi wotg tgd ìv`jhd bu`ris*

Ygd irovd os ej. je qudstoej. gd sòi* Ygdrd"nn ad ` beei sgew

ej ay merjojb. er Meji`y `t tgd n`tdst*

Rd bet eff tgesd iosp`thgds `ji tgdj mìd ` reuji ef tgd Xg`jbgò

idfdjsds aetg oj tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt `ji oj tgd Frdjhg

Hejhdssoej* Mest ef tgd @mdroh`js novojb oj Xg`jbgò wdrd neh`tdi

oj tgd n`ttdr `rd`. hgodfny wotgoj sm`nn h`jjej r`jbd ef tgd j`tovd hoty*

Oj f`ht. semd ef tgdor gemds tg`t turaundjt. ujferbdttànd sprojb. wdrd

i`m`bdi ay sgdnns*

Ej tgd strddts. p`trens ef ferdobj treeps frem g`nf ` iezdj j`toejs

`reuji tgd werni ldpt tgd hurfdw* Eur prdss `ji monot`ry p`ssds.

gewdvdr. mìd us ommujd te tgd strohtny djferhdi eridrs tg`t `nn

hovono`js ad eff tgd strddts ay 03 p*m*

Xg`jbgò. oj tg`t dvdjtfun sprojb ef 0?12 wgdj tgd J`toej`nost

'Luemojt`jb/ `rmods frem tgd Xeutg h`md re`rojb ojte tgd V`nndy

ef tgd _`jbtzd. w`s dvdj merd tg`j usu`n tgd dxetoh andji ef D`st `ji

Rdst* Ot sprdì ots bòdty `ji wohldijdss ots ojjehdjhd `mejb tgd

mossoej`rods. `ji ots fontg `mejb tgd newdst iovds `nejb tgd new a`jls

ef tgd Rg`jbpee Qovdr. ` fdw monds upstrd`m frem tgd pn`hd wgdrd

tgd areì. ydnnew _`jbtzd mddts tgd sd`

Rgond treeps ef f`r j`toejs hejhdjtr`tdi oj m`rto`n `rr`y adgoji



RGDJ XG@JBG@O FDNN 10

a`radi word `ji s`jia`b dmpn`hdmdjts. tgd pepun`hd Hgojdsd `s

wdnn `s ferdobj i`jhdi `j `m`zojb wgorn oj ` w`rtomd `tmespgdrd

ef tgereubg à`jiej* _eujb Hgojdsd mòis fextrettdi te @mdroh`j

n`zz oj sw`jl jobgt hnuas `s nuxuroeus `s `jy oj S`ros. Adrnoj er

Jdw _erl* Ygdy i`jhdi wotg Hgojdsd yeutgs diuh`tdi oj tgd ujo-

vdrsotods ef Durepd `ji tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds* Eni Hgojdsd. sw`tgdi oj

tgd he`rsd anud hnetgojb ef tgd heujtry-soid. mojbndi wotg tgd yeujbdr

bdjdr`toej* Ferdobjdrs frem tgd feur herjdrs ef tgd d`rtg h`md `ji

wdjt ej djindss mossoejs* Xemd wdrd spods werlojb fer tgd Xeutg.

tgd Jertg. tgd K`p`jdsd `jyaeiy wge weuni p`y tgdm* Aut mest

30 tgdm wdrd ausojdssmdj wotg dyd te ` quohl prefot* @ji ef heursd.

tgdrd wdrd tgd sherds ef prdss herrdspejidjts tgdrd te hevdr tgd

stery fer rdìdrs te wgem tgd hoty w`s aut ` j`md*

Aut oj tgd mòj tgdy wdrd trìdrs idshdji`jts ef mdj wge wdjt

eut oj tgd rem`jtoh hnoppdr sgop i`ys ef tgd n`st hdjtury. `ji wge jew

ewjdi sp`hoeus dst`tds ej tgd f`sgoejànd eutslorts ef tgd mdtrepenos*

Etgdrs `ppd`rdi wotg bdt-rohg-quohl shgdmds oj wgohg gobg ojtrobud

merd eftdj tg`j jet pn`ydi ` sojostdr p`rt* Y`nn Xolgs frem Ojio`.

rofnds snujb oj rdìojdss evdr tgdor tewdrojb sgeunidrs. penohdi tgd Oj-

tdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt. tgdor arobgt tura`js. an`hl ad`ris `ji fn`sgojb

dyds `nn p`rt ef tgd pohturdsqud sdttojb* Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds. sm`rt

oj tgdor ujoferms. Arotosg Yemmods. Frdjhg sòners `ji tgdor

sw`rtgy @j`motds frem Ojie-Hgoj`. K`p`jdsd treeps `ji m`rojds.

Ot`no`js. `ji Sertubudsd sw`rmdi oj `ji `reuji tgd hoty tgd mdj

oj tgd @nnodi @rmy ef Idfdjsd wge tgrdw ` rojb ef a`yejdts `reuji

Xg`jbgò `ji ldpt ot s`fd frem tgd Hgojdsd `rmods strubbnojb fer

pessdssoej ef tgd j`tovd p`rt ef tg`t rovdr pert*

Ferdobj mdj-ef-w`r n`y `jhgerdi eff tgd Auji. rdìy te pretdht

tgd novds `ji prepdrty ef j`toej`ns frem evdrsd`s* Ygdrd wdrd ferty-

sox ferdobj w`rsgops strujb eut `nejb tgd j`rrew w`tdrw`y `t tgd

gdobgt ef tgd rdvenutoej* Oj tgd ferdobj `rd`s. sox monds `nejb tgd

rovdr frejt `ji wotgoj ` pdromdtdr ef jd`rny tgorty monds. g`jisemd

meidrj m`jsoejs. a`jls. getdns `s fojd `s `jy ej d`rtg. `ji adùto-

funny `ppeojtdi hnuas. `nn fneurosgdi* Y`xohàs. ausds. tr`hlndss trenndy-

h`rs r`j ej tgd areì `vdjuds. hnuttdrdi wotg rohlsg`ws `ji `jhodjt.

hrd`lojb Hgojdsd wgddna`rrews* Evdrgdì. hemmdrho`n pn`jds frem

Gujbkè @orpert eutsoid tgd hoty. er dnsdwgdrd. irejdi geurny idspotd

tgd w`r adjd`tg tgdm.



11 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

Ej tgd Auji steei tgd Xg`jbgò Hnua wotg ots nejbdst a`r oj

tgd werni p`hldi tgrdd iddp `t jeej `ji jobgt fer g`nf ` anehl `nejb

ots aurjosgdi i`rl weeidj ndjbtg* Ot os kust adnew @vdjud Diw`ri

VOO. aeuji`ry adtwddj tgd Frdjhg Hejhdssoej `ji tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n

Xdttndmdjt* @ fdw anehls `w`y. iewj Feehgew Qeì. tgd @mdroh`j

Hnua f`hdi tgd Mujohop`n Auoniojb otsdnf ` m`bjofohdjt stejd struhturd

hevdrojb ` hoty anehl* Ygd @mdroh`j Hnua. `j dobgt-stery auoniojb ef

rdi arohl. meidrj oj dvdry idtòn. w`s p`hldi i`y `ji jobgt. ots dvdry

reem fonndi wotg mdj areubgt tgdrd ay tgd w`r. @ sherd er merd

Arotosg effohdrs teel qu`rtdrs tgdrd. fojiojb ot merd hgddry tg`j `

getdn er `jetgdr hnua*

Jobgt hnuas r`j ujton i`wj* S`trejs ojsoid `ftdr 03 p*m* wdrd

ujànd te be gemd ujton tgd hurfdw w`s noftdi `t i`wj. àeut 9 `*m*

Ygd penohd wdrd hejtrenndi ay tgd Arotosg oj tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttnd-

mdjt* Ygd Hemmossoejdr w`s Arotosg. `s wdrd tgd Ojspdhters `ji

etgdr effohdrs* Tjidr tgdm wdrd tgd Xolgs. semd Hgojdsd `ji ` fdw

Qusso`j p`trenmdj `ji tr`ffoh effohdrs*

Ygd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt w`s se j`mdi adhùsd ot os hempesdi

ef tgd eni Arotosg `ji K`p`jdsd `ji wg`t w`s te g`vd addj tgd

@mdroh`j Hejhdssoejs* Ygd @mdroh`j Hejhdssoej w`s te g`vd addj

adtwddj tgd Arotosg `ji K`p`jdsd* Aut tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds oj tgd n`st

hdjtury. wgdj tgos `rr`jbdmdjt w`s adojb mìd ej tgd muifn`ts ef

tgd mesquote-ojfdstdi Rg`jbpee Qovdr. `t tgd dxprdss eridrs ef tgd

Hgojdsd wge w`jtdi aìny te sdbrdb`td tgd ferdobj a`ra`ro`j

trìdrs tg`t pdstdrdi tgdm wotg beeis rdfusdi te t`ld ` hejhdssoej

oj Xg`jbgò er `jywgdrd oj Hgoj`*

Ygd Arotosg `ji K`p`jdsd `s ` rdsunt prepesdi ` hemaoj`toej. `ji

tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt w`s aer`* Ygd Frdjhg teel tgdor hej-

hdssoej. wgohg adh`md ` sdp`r`td p`rt ef Xg`jbgò. bevdrjdi ay `

Frdjhg Mujohop`n Heujhon. ujidr tgd Frdjhg Hejsun-Bdjdr`n* Xg`jb-

gò w`s ` tropny iovoidi hoty. tgdj. ef semd 8.143.333 ojgàot`jts

prdiemoj`jtny. ef heursd. Hgojdsd*

Ef tgd tet`n pepun`toej. pessoany 43.333 wdrd ferdobjdrs* Ygdrd

wdrd àeut 4.333 @mdroh`js. 7.333 Arotosg. `ji pessoany 1.333 etgdr

Durepd`js. mest ef tgdm dotgdr Frdjhg er Bdrm`j* Ygdrd wdrd `nse

semd 04.333 er merd Qusso`js. hgodfny dmobrds ferhdi te nd`vd gemd

ay tgd rosd ef tgd Aensgdvol rdbomd* Ygdsd fndi te Hgoj` tgreubg

Xoadro` ay w`y ef G`raoj. oj wg`t w`s M`jhguro`* Ygdrd wdrd




13.333 er se K`p`jdsd er etgdr @so`tohs. `s wdnn* Ygd K`p`jdsd ewjdi

mest ef tgd epundjt hettej-tdxtond monns oj Xg`jbgò*

Ot w`s oj tgos sdttojb `ji `t ` mestdxhotojb pdroei

oj

Xg`jbgò"smeidrj gostery tg`t tgd M`rojd H`ptòj `ji O mìd eur w`y `reuji

tgd eutnyojb idfdjsds tg`t X`turi`y jobgt* Rd `htu`nny feuji jetgojb

dxtrèrioj`ry. `ntgeubg tgd Frdjhg `pp`rdjtny gì gì weri ef tgd

ìv`jhd `ji wdrd merd tg`j usu`nny `ndrt* Oj f`ht. tgdy gì addj

hrotohozdi semdwg`t ay tgd etgdr bdjdr`n effohdrs ef tgd ferdobj

Xg`jbgò Idfdjsd Ferhd. `ji `t ejd tomd oj tgd prehddiojbs tgd Ojtdr-

j`toej`n Xdttndmdjt hejtojbdjt put up a`radi-word djt`jbndmdjts fer

` mond er merd iewj @vdjud Diw`ri VOO. sdp`r`tojb tgd Frdjhg

Hejhdssoej ej tgd etgdr soid. wgohg f`hdi tgd Hgojdsd j`tovd hoty

ef J`jtè*

Aut wgond tgd Idfdjsd Ferhd effohdrs m`y g`vd ljewj. hdrtòjny

fdw `mejb tgd hovono`j pepun`toej wdrd `w`rd tg`t tgd J`toej`nosts

frem H`jtej wdrd iosrdb`riojb eridrs frem tgd tdmper`ry Qdi-hej-

trenndi rdadn bevdrjmdjt up tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr `t G`jlew. `ji wdrd

mevojb ej Xg`jbgò* Ot gì eroboj`nny addj pn`jjdi te prehddi te

Sdlojb evdrn`ji. ay tgd a`hl ieer. nd`vojb Xg`jbgò te f`nn ejhd

tgd rdvenutoej gì h`pturdi tgd `jhodjt H`pot`n* Aut ndìdrs oj tgd

J`toej`nost @rmy. ojhnuiojb Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. areld wotg

G`jlew `ji ots Qusso`j @ivoser`td. h`pturdi Xg`jbgò `ji sdt up

tgd sdmo-hejsdrv`tovd rdbomd oj 0?12 `t J`jlojb*

Ygd H`jtejdsd. er J`toej`nosts `s tgdy ojsostdi ej adojb h`nndi

'adhùsd tgd mevdmdjt w`s jet purdny H`jtejdsd/. gì addj iub oj

àeut dobgtddj monds seutg ef Xg`jbgò fer ` mejtg. wòtojb fer weri

te `tt`hl* Ygdor prdsdjhd `t forst st`rtndi tgd hempn`hdjt Xg`jbgò

pepun`hd. ojhnuiojb tgd @mdroh`js. aut wgdj jetgojb g`ppdjdi wddl

`ftdr wddl. tgdor kottdrs adb`j te suasoid `s muhg `s tgdy heuni oj

tg`t `tmespgdrd ef ujhdrtòjty `ji monot`ry iospn`y* Ygd ferdobjdrs

prehddidi wotg pn`js fer tgdor dv`hu`toej te tgd Auji `ji tgdjhd. of

jdhdss`ry. te w`rsgops oj tgd rovdr*

Ygdhoty

w`s `stor wotg ojtdjsd dxhotdmdjt* _dt ejny ` g`jifun

ljdw tgd hnom`x w`s iud tg`t wddl dji*

Ygd jdxt i`y. M`rhg 13. w`s ` hnd`r. w`rm. sprojb Xàa`tg* O

gì nujhgdej wotg K* A* Sewdnn. puanosgdr ef ` neh`n wddlny oj Djbnosg

`ji spdho`n herrdspejidjt fer tgd Hgoh`be Yroaujd* Gd `ji O `ji

` budst irevd eutsoid tgd nojds tg`t Xuji`y `ftdrjeej. `bòjst tgd



19 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

eridrs ef eur Hejsun`r `ji J`v`n ùtgerotods `ji r`j ojte ìv`jhojb

H`jtejdsd! Rd gì p`ssdi jumdreus h`rs ej tgd irovd. fonndi wotg

herrdspejidjts `ji pgetebr`pgdrs eut fer tgd jdws `ji tgd tgronn* Rd

`nn bet pndjty ef aetg* Ygd rdtrd`tojb Jertgdrj treeps wdrd puttojb

up ` g`nf-gd`rtdi rdsost`jhd te tgd J`toej`nost irovd* Rd r`j ojte

gujirdis ef tgdm ej tgd tdj-mond irovd tgreubg wg`t. dvdj tgdj.

sddmdi ` pd`hdfun. p`ster`n shdjd

Rd ndft Xg`jbgò. `ji meterdi r`poiny p`st f`rmdrs beojb àeut

tgdor nottnd truhl-f`rmojb hgerds `s usu`n* Ygd reì tew`ri Mojbgejb.

` jd`ray vonn`bd. w`s iettdi wotg merd `ji merd Jertgdrj seniodrs

oj nottnd breups er `nejd. str`bbnojb jet frem aut tew`ri tgd frejt

nojds* Furtgdr `nejb. semd h`rrodi aexds swujb hnumsony ej a`maee

pends* Ygdsd wd ioshevdrdi wdrd tgd `mmujotoej ad`rdrs* Ygdy oj-

hrd`sdi oj jumadr `s wd prehddidi. ujton tgdrd w`s ` stdìy strd`m

ef tgdsd heenod treeps tr`jspertojb aunndts te tgdor hemrìds oj tgos

promotovd f`sgoej* Ygd w`r. ot w`s `pp`rdjt. w`s muhg hnesdr te

Xg`jbgò tg`j mest pdepnd oj tgd Xdttndmdjt ljdw*

Ygd idfd`tdi treeps neeldi `t us oj surprosd* Xemd sddmdi jejd

tee hgddrfun. aut wd gì je ioffohuntods ujton wd reujidi ` adji `ji

h`md ojte vodw ef ` tojy aroibd. nottnd merd tg`j ` hunvdrt. àeut `

qu`rtdr ef ` mond `w`y* Ot w`s bu`ridi ay àeut ` gujirdi mdj*

Rd idhoidi te irovd iewj te tgos aroibd. ojquord àeut tgojbs `ji tgdj

rdturj te Xg`jbgò* @s wd irevd up ejd ef tgd seniodrs. dvoidjtny

`j effohdr. i`sgdi tew`ri us w`vojb gos `rms `ji sgeutojb* Ygd hgùf-

fdur. vosoany frobgtdjdi. ojtdrprdtdi;

Kust jew sgeetojb%" gd sputtdrdi*+ 9

Gd s`y je h`j be* Must

be a`hl-soid. pndjty hgep-hgep!

Ot w`s trud* Rd wdrd oj tgd frejt nojds* Ej dotgdr soid ef tgd

aroibd mdj oj br`y ujoferms. strdthgdi eut `s slormosgdrs. fermdi `j

orrdbun`r nojd `s f`r `s wd heuni sdd* Ygdy n`y adgoji `j dma`jl-

mdjt ay tgd h`j`n er hrddl wgohg tgd aroibd sp`jjdi* Frem tomd te

tomd. `pp`rdjtny wotgeut eridrs. tgdy teel ` pet-sget `t tgd djdmy*

Etgdrs bnoidi `reuji a`rjs. tgd trdds gdrd `ji tgdrd. er ròsdi Hgoj-

dsd br`vds `jywgdrd tgdy heuni foji sgdntdr `ji ldpt up `sh`ttdrojb

ford `t tgd djdmy* Ygd H`jtejdsd nojd w`s brìu`nny pusgojb `hress

tgd ojtdrvdjojb newn`jis* Ygdy wdrd. O sgeuni s`y. àeut ` qu`rtdr

ef ` mond `w`y* Ygdor fòjt rofnd sgets ojioh`tdi tgdy wdrd h`rryojb

ej ` somon`r got-`ji-moss mdtgei ef w`rf`rd @s f`r `s ejd heuni




tdnn. tgdrd wdrd je h`su`ntods ej tgd Jertgdrj soid. `ji hdrtòjny tgd

ejny gepd tgdsd `nndbdi idfdjidrs ef Xg`jbgò gì ef gottojb tgd djdmy

n`y oj hg`jhd*

Aut tgdrd w`s ` hg`jhd tg`t tgd djdmy mobgt sgeet oj eur iordhtoej*

Ygd hgùffdur jddidi je eridrs te wgosl tg`t nottnd m`hgojd `reuji.

`ntgeubg gd lonndi tgd meter twohd oj ieojb se ej tgd j`rrew heujtry

n`jd* Rd strd`ldi `w`y frem tgd frejt `t ` mond ` mojutd. a`hl te

s`fdty wotgoj Xg`jbgò"s nojds ef mdj `ji stddn `ji te tgd hànd words*

Xg`jbgò fdnn tgd jdxt i`y. ej M`rhg 10. 0?12. te tgd m`rhgojb

mdj frem H`jtej* @nn tgreubg ` meejnot Xuji`y jobgt tgd anud-br`y

nojds swdpt oj w`vds `hress tgd seft mdìews* G`riny ` sget w`s

fordi oj `htu`n idfdjsd ef tgd pert* Ygd Jertgdrj treeps. iosporotdi.

vortu`nny ndìdrndss. fndi oj reut. idsdrtojb tgd hoty* Xemd wdrd tr`ppdi

`nejb tgd rònreì `ji `t Jertg Xt`toej. kust eutsoid tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n

Xdttndmdjt* @ rdobj ef tdrrer adb`j tg`t Meji`y merjojb* @rmdi

nàerdrs oj an`hl bewjs shurrodi tgreubg tgd j`rrew strddts oj tgd

j`tovd `rd`s. forojb ojioshromoj`tdny* Hgojdsd hotozdjs peurdi ojte tgd

ferdobj-pretdhtdi `rd`s ay tgd tgeus`jis. ` mosdrànd strd`m ef ids-

totutd f`monods*

Ot w`s ej tgos arobgt sprojb merjojb tg`t tgd 9tg Qdbomdjt ef tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds `nse teel Xg`jbgò* Ygd mdj gì addj

qu`rtdrdi ej ae`ri tgd tr`jspert Hgùmejt. todi up iewjstrd`m fer

twe wddls `wòtojb weri tgdy wdrd jddidi* Ygdrd w`s semd t`nl

dvdj ef sdjiojb tgdm ej te M`jon` of tgd sgew fòndi te ard`l. er

of tgd Jertgdrj ferhds `tt`hldi. pusgojb tgd rdadns a`hl ojte tgd seutg*

Ygd M`rojds wdrd rdstndss* Ygdy h`md `sgerd bnìny. rdìy fer `

fobgt er ` frenoh. aut ommdjsdny bnì te bdt tgdor fddt ej J`jlojb Qeì.

m`rhgojb te aonndts oj tgd Rdstdrj Iostroht wgdrd ` fdw i`ys n`tdr

tgdy steei sgeunidr te sgeunidr wotg tgd f`mdi Henistrd`m Bu`ris

frem Nejiej* Yebdtgdr tgdy feubgt eff ` g`nf-mìidjdi Hgojdsd

ràand sddlojb te peur tgreubg a`radi word djt`jbndmdjts ojte tgd

Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt*

Rotg a`jis pn`yojb. tgd M`rojds gì n`jidi* Ygdor toj g`ts"+

`ji soid-`rms bnostdjdioj tgd sujsgojd* Ferdobjdrs. ojhnuiojb guj-

irdis ef neh`n @mdroh`j rdsoidjts. hgddrdi* Aut tgd Hgojdsd neeldi

ej stenoiny. g`tojb tgos iospn`y ef ferdobj ferhd dvdj tgeubg tgdy ljdw

ot md`jt furtgdr pretdhtoej fer tgdm* Ygd 6tg Qdbomdjt n`jidi semd

wddls n`tdr* Fer mest ef tgd sprojb `ji summdr ef 0?12. tgd Tjotdi



16 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Xt`tds gì evdr 9.333 fobgtojb mdj oj Xg`jbgò. Tjhnd X`m"s p`rt ef

`j `nnodi ferdobj idfdjsd ferhd tg`t `t ejd tomd tet`ndi merd tg`j

14.333 mdj* Ygos w`s dxhnusovd ef tgd j`v`n ferhds* Ygd M`rojds

bet pndjty ef `htoej tgd mojutd tgdy stdppdi `sgerd* Ygdy teel up

tgdor pests oj tgd frejt nojds `reuji tgd wdstdrj rom ef tgd Ojtdr-

j`toej`n Xdttndmdjt `ji stuhl tgdrd fer wddls. ujton tgd hoty h`nmdi

iewj ejhd merd ujidr tgd smub. vohteroeus ferhds ef tgd H`jtejdsd-

ojspordi Luemojt`jb `rmods*

Xg`jbgò fdnn pr`htoh`nny wotgeut ` strubbnd. dxhdpt fer ejd er twe

hn`sgds wgohg wdrd sg`rp `ji aneeiy* Ejd ehhurrdi wgdj ` herps ef

Rgotd Qusso`js 'idspdr`td dmobrds djnostdi oj tgd Jertgdrj @rmy te

lddp frem st`rvojb oj ` str`jbd n`ji/ wdrd tr`ppdi `ji trodi te fobgt

tgdor w`y eut frem adgoji tgd H`jtejdsd nojds* Ygdy m`jjdi `j

`rmerdi tròj ej tgd J`jlojb Qònw`y wotg ots tdrmoj`n `t tgd Xg`jb-

gò Jertg Xt`toej. `ji foj`nny surrdjidrdi*

Ygd Jertgdrj Hgojdsd seniodrs. gewdvdr. p`joh-strohldj ej tg`t

Meji`y wgdj tgd H`jtejdsd `tt`hldi oj ferhd. tgrdw iewj tgdor bujs*

Ygdy stermdi tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt. adbbojb fer pretdhtoej*

Ejd ojhoidjt ef tgos loji ehhurrdi àeut iusl `t tgd Jertg Gej`j

Qeì b`tds. adtwddj tgd j`tovd hoty `ji tgd Xdttndmdjt* @ s`jia`b

anehlgeusd tgdrd ojsoid tgd t`nn orej b`tds w`s m`jjdi ay ` squì

ef vdry yeujb Arotosg treeps* @ yeutg g`riny eut ef gos "tddjs w`s

oj hemm`ji* Ygd Jertgdrj ràand stermdi tgdb`tds. `ji oj tgdor

p`joh fordi ej tgd mdj wgem tgdy seubgt `s pretdhters* Ygdy wdrd

mdt wotg ` rdturj ford* Ygd forst r`jls prdssojb `bòjst tgd orej a`rs

wdrd sget iewj `pp`rdjtny wotgeut mdrhy* Ygdrd w`s je gdnp fer ot*

Xjopdrs `nejb Q`jbd Qeì. wgohg hressds Jertg Gej`j Qeì `t

tgd Xdttndmdjt nomots. fordi ojioshromoj`tdny ej aetg soids* O bet te

tgos sdhter kust `ftdr tgd hn`sg adtwddj tgd Arotosg `ji Hgojdsd. oj

tomd te bdt oj ej tgd ojtdrprdtdi ojstruhtoejs te tgd Hgojdsd te n`y

iewj tgdor bujs of tgdy weuni djtdr* Ot w`s `nmest i`rl* Yebdtgdr

wotg feur er fovd etgdr ferdobj herrdspejidjts. O gì meterdi eut

Xzdhgu`j Qeì frem tgd gd`rt ef Xg`jbgò* Rd ndft eur h`r semd

anehls adgoji* Hnojbojb hnesd te ` tdj-feet-gobg arohl w`nn bu`riojb

tgd frejt y`ris ef mest geusds f`hojb Q`jbd Qeì. wd hrdpt `nejb

tew`ri tgd Jertg Xt`toej anehlgeusd. tgrdd anehls `w`y* O heujtdi

tgrdd er feur idì Hgojdsd. ejd oj Jertgdrj ujoferm. nyojb oj tgdor

ewj aneei oj tgd strddt* Rd shurrodi `nejb ujidr tgd pretdhtoej ef




tg`t frodjiny w`nn* Rd gì te ruj fer ot oj hressojb tgd twe ojtdr-

sdhtojb strddts. m`lojb ot ejd m`j `t ` tomd* Xe f`r `s O ljew. je

ejd teel ` sget `t us* Xtonn. tgd f`ht tg`t tgdy mobgt. sjopojb frem

sguttdrdi wojiews `ji frem i`rl reefs. w`s ` tgeubgt tg`t ioi jet

h`nm tgd jdrvds. jejd tee beei ay tg`t tomd. `jyw`y*

Ygd Hgojdsd ferhds. hewdi. foj`nny nòi iewj tgdor rofnds `ji adb`j

te strd`m ojte tgd Xdttndmdjt. adferd kuaon`jt Xeutgdrj ferhds heuni

h`thg up wotg tgdm `ji m`ld tgdm prosejdrs* Ygd vohters `htu`nny

ioi sdozd tgeus`jis. aut O w`thgdi àeut 1.333 aìny a`ttdrdi mdj

sg`mand te hemp`r`tovd. of tdmper`ry. s`fdty tgreubg tgd b`tds `ji

a`radi word*

Ygdy wdrd tgd mest idsen`td. iosporotdi aeiy ef mdj O dvdr s`w

oj my nofd* Ygdor ujoferms wdrd r`bbdi `ji terj < sherds wdrd weujidi

`ji peerny a`ji`bdi* @ fdw wdrd fertuj`td djeubg te bdt rohlsg`ws.

punndi ay ` hemrìd<aut oj tgd mòj. weujidi `ji wdnn. tgdy geaandi

`nejb* Ygdor br`ss s`ji`ns `ji fn`ppojb wr`p-puttdds wdrd oj t`ttdrs.

`ji iosojtdbr`toej sddmdi te pessdss tgd vdry seuns ef tgdsd mdj.

serry neelojb mdmadrs ef `jetgdr nest a`tt`noej*

Ygdy wdrd ojtdrjdi fer sdvdr`n wddls aut foj`nny wdrd rdp`tro`tdi

te Xg`jtujb Srevojhd. te tgd jertg. ej ferdobj sgops s`vdi te fobgt

semd etgdr i`y ay tgd s`md ferdobj idvons tg`t tgdy tgdmsdnvds `ji

tgd Xeutgdrj J`toej`nosts wdrd ejd oj i`mjojb* @nn Hgojdsd. rdb`rindss

ef tgdor ojhdss`jt kumand ef penotohe-monot`ry fòtgs. `t nd`st gì tg`t

aottdr g`trdi `bòjst eutsoid ojtdrfdrdjhd wotgoj tgdor treuandi Moiind

Lojbiem* Ej ujoty ojsoid tgdor `jhodjt Brd`t R`nn. tgdsd ydnnew

mdj tgdmsdnvds wdrd f`t`nny iovoidi* Ygdy stonn `rd*

Md`jwgond. wgotd mdj `ji wemdj up-heujtry. ojhnuiojb sherds ef

@mdroh`js. wdrd oj vdry rd`n i`jbdr ef tgdor novds frem tgd vohteroeus

Xeutgdrj gerids wge swdpt dvdrytgojb adferd tgdm up te tgd seutgdrj

a`jl ef tgd _`jbtzd* Ygdy wdrd urbdi te dv`hu`td `s r`poiny `s

pessoand* Oj f`ht. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds hejsun`r ùtgerotods gì addj

tryojb fer mejtgs te omprdss upej mossoej`rods `ji ausojdss mdj tgd

jdhdssoty ef gurryojb a`hl te tgd ndss i`jbdreus trd`ty perts* M`jy

ioi*

Ejd herrdspejidjt. `j @ustr`no`j. w`s ndss fertuj`td* Gd w`s

lonndi up-heujtry. jd`r ` sm`nn tewj h`nndi Hgdjbhgew. jertg ef G`j-

lew. oj Gej`j Srevojhd* @t nd`st. gd w`s djbunfdi wgond w`nlojb

iewj tgd rònreì tr`hls te ojspdht ` meidn vonn`bd ` mond `w`y



17 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

frem Hgdjbhgew* Gos gest. tgd Adnbo`j Hejsun-Bdjdr`n st`toejdi up

tgd _`jbtzd `t G`jlew. rdpertdi gom mossojb wgdj gd gurrodi a`hl

te tgd rovdr pert `nejd* @ sd`rhg w`s eridrdi ay tgd Hgrosto`j

Bdjdr`n%" Fdjb _u-gso`jb* M`rsg`n Fdjb gì kust rdturjdi frem

dxond oj Meshew* Gos gdìqu`rtdrs wdrd tdmper`rony `t Hgdjbhgew*

Ygd herrdspejidjt. ` w`r vdtdr`j frem Durepd"s a`ttndfodnis. gì ojtdr-

vodwdi tgd ompdjdtrànd Fdjb* Ot w`s jet quotd tgd sdjsoand tgojb

te ie `ji w`s ujidrt`ldj `bòjst tgd ìvohd ef frodjis. effoho`n `ji

etgdrwosd* Aut Fdjb"s rdturj te Hgoj` w`s jdws* O jd`rny wdjt

up frem G`jlew mysdnf* Ejny tgd f`ht tg`t O gì kust sddj Fdjb

evdr `t Gsuhgew-fu. jd`r Xg`jtujb. `ji gd`ri frem gos ewj gps ef

gos idsdrtoej ef tgd Qusso`j @ivoser`td `ji gos id`n'ot prevdi

tr`jsodjt/ wotg Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. tgd rdvenutoej`ry hgodf.

prdvdjtdi suhg ` pessoany f`t`n dxhursoej*

Fdjb"s sd`rhg w`s fruotndss* Ygd mystdry ef tgd ios`ppd`r`jhd

rdmòjs ` sdhrdt* Xemd tgeubgt tgd m`j lonndi ay seniodrs er a`jiots*

Etgdrs an`mdi tgd prdv`ndjt `jto-ferdobjosm wgohg prep`b`jiosts ef

tgd rdvenutoej sprdì tgreubgeut tgd ndjbtg `ji ardìtg ef Hgoj`*

Dvdj tgd sompndst pd`s`jt w`s ojfdhtdi* Xhgeen hgonirdj s`jb `jto-

ferdobj a`nnìs* Ygdy sgeutdi Iewj wotg tgd Ferdobj Idvons O `ji

Iewj wotg Ompdro`nosm! `nejb wotg tgd muntotuid* Oj `jy h`sd.

tgd aeiy w`s jdvdr feuji* Rgdtgdr tgd m`j w`s loij`pdi er wgdtgdr

gd iodi ` suiidj id`tg. O h`jjet s`y*

Ygd j`md ef tgos m`rtyr tekeurj`nosm w`s Fr`jl Qondy. tgd sej

ef ` aosgep oj @ustr`no`* Qondy sòi tg`t gd gì dsh`pdi frem ` Bdr-

m`j prosej h`mp iurojb tgd forst Rerni R`r* @ftdr tg`t gd gì novdi

oj v`roeus heujtrods. ojhnuiojb Mdsepet`mo`* Gd w`s ` idnobgtfun

hemp`joej. ` hg`p àeut tgorty-fovd yd`rs ef `bd. t`nn. wotg an`hl gòr

`ji ojtdnnobdjt dyds* Gos iosp`thgds wdjt te Ygd Nejiej Yomds* O

`nw`ys suspdhtdi gd gì semd sert ef hejjdhtoej wotg tgd Arotosg

Ferdobj Effohd* O jdvdr ljdw* Gd w`s tgd sert ef m`j wge gì

tgd nejb vodw. ojstojhtovdny* Gd s`w pdepnds `ji preandms oj pdr-

spdhtovd. `j dssdjto`n te beei rdpertojb `jywgdrd*

Xherds ef ferdobjdrs. gewdvdr. teel soids* Oj tgd mòj. tgdsd wdrd

mossoej`rods* Ygdy fdnt tgdy ljdw tgd Hgojdsd r`hds tgereubgny. `ji

ojsostdi tgdy wdrd s`fd* M`jy mòjtòjdi tg`t of tgdy w`jtdi te rd-

mòj. tg`t w`s tgdor ausojdss* @ji tgdsd rdfusdi te auibd* @ jumadr

ef tgdm `ji ` sherd er merd ef @mdroh`j ausojdss mdj. `s wdnn `s tgd



RGDJ XG@JBG@O FDNN 1?

hejsun`r effoho`ns wge stuhl ay tgdor pests. wdrd oj J`jlojb wgdj tgd

vohteroeus treeps bet eut ef g`ji ej Ygursi`y ef tgd wddl tg`t Xg`jb-

gò fdnn

O gì `j urbdjt h`nn frem H`ptòj 'jew Qd`r-@imor`n/ R`nn`hd

Vdrjeu. hgodf-ef-st`ff ej tgd eni fn`bsgop T* X* X* Sottsaurbg. tg`t

Ygursi`y.

@nn gdnn"s austdi neesd `t J`jlojb. tgd H`ptòj sòi evdr tgd

sgop-te-sgerd tdndpgejd* Rd nòi iewj ` a`rr`bd te arojb eut @mdr-

oh`js `ji etgdr ferdobjdrs* Ygd Arotosg g`vdkeojdi

us* O tgojl

tgdrd wdrd je ferdobj h`su`ntods* O"nn ndt yeu ljew merd wgdj wd

gd`r frem eur mdj ej tgd Je`

Ygd T* X* X* Je` w`s ` idstreydr ej tgd _`jbtzd S`tren Nodut*

Hemm`jidr Qey H* Xmotg w`s oj hemm`ji* Ygd Arotosg idstreydr

G* M* X* Dmdr`ni keojdi tgd Je` oj s`vojb merd tg`jfofty ferdobj

mdj. wemdj `ji hgonirdj `ji sddojb tg`t tgdy bet s`fdny iewjstrd`m

te Xg`jbgò*

Ygd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt ehhurrdi ej M`rhg 19* Ygd Xeutgdrj

ferhds wdrd eut ef hejtren* Ygdy neetdi tgd hoty* Irujl wotg vohtery.

tgd mdj lonndi `ji r`pdi ferdobjdrs `s wdnn `s Hgojdsd oj tgd tgdj

jdw h`pot`n* Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji Arotosg idstreydrs nyojb eff J`j-

lojb oj tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr epdjdi ford wgdj h`nndi ej ay tgd rdfubdds

`sgerd. oj ommojdjt i`jbdr ef tgdor novds* Ygd Je` fordi forst. `ntgeubg

tgd Arotosg sloppdr w`s tgd supdroer j`v`n effohdr prdsdjt* Hemm`jidr

Xmotg gì `sldi tgd Djbnosg h`ptòj fer gos `pprev`n* Gd bet ot*

Aetg vdssdns nòi iewj ` gd`vy a`rr`bd `reuji Xehejy Gonn. tgd

Xt`ji`ri Eon Hemp`jy ef Jdw _erl"s gdìqu`rtdrs oj J`jlojb. hej-

hdjtr`toej peojt "fer tgd rdfubdds* Ot s`vdi tgd novds ef `nn prdsdjt*

Xmotg gì sdjt ` n`jiojb p`rty `sgerd. hemm`jidi ay tgd n`td

Djsobj Reeiw`ri Sgdnps* 'Sgdnps suasdqudjtny sget gomsdnf oj Jdw

_erl*/ Sgdnps. `j effohdr aerj te tgd trìotoej ef tgd sd`. ndi gos

squì te Xehejy Gonn* Gd `ji gos mdj rdshudi mdmadrs ef tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun`td-Bdjdr`n st`ff. `s wdnn `s semd rdfubdds wgegì b`tgdrdi tgdrd* Ygd gerids swdpt ej tew`ri tgd gonn* Sgdnps

eridrdi ` sobj`nm`j te st`ji ej tgd reef* Tjidr ford. tgd @mdroh`j

sòner sobj`ndi tgd sgop* A`hl ej tgd Je`. Hemm`jidr Xmotg w`thgdi

fer tgd sobj`n* Gd iosrdb`ridi ferm`n j`v`n rdbun`toejs* H`nnojb te

gos bujjdry effohdr. tgd n`td Nodut* Adj Xtùid 'wge `ftdrw`ris hem-

mottdi suohoid oj Xeutg`mptej. Djbn`ji/. gd sgeutdi;



83 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

O iej"t ljew wgdtgdr wd"nn bdt ` heurt-m`rto`n er ` idher`toej

fer tgos aut ndt "dr be. Adjjy!

Adjjy eadydi* Jet ` novojb seun heuni g`vd pdjdtr`tdi tgd tguj-

idreus a`rr`bd wgohg tgd Je` `ji Dmdr`ni nòi iewj* Ygd ferdobjdrs.

ljettojb sgddts tebdtgdr. shr`mandi iewj tgd `jhodjt soxty-feet w`nn

wgohg surreujis J`jlojb* Ygdy shuttndi `hress tgd newn`jis aeridrojb

tgd rovdr `ji wdrd quohlny t`ldj eff oj sm`nn ae`ts te tgd idstreydrs*

Ygd Je` areubgt sdvdr`n rdfubdds iewj tgd rovdr* Mest ef tgd

etgdrs h`md ej frodjiny Hgojdsd rovdr std`mdrs* Hemm`jidr Xmotg

bet je heurt-m`rto`n!

Ojsoid tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt `ji Frdjhg Hejhdssoej tgd b`y

reutojd wdjt ej `ji ej* Ygd ojgàot`jts wdrd iosturadi nottnd. of `t

`nn. ay tgd w`r beojb ej `nn `reuji tgdm* Ygd eni fovd-a`rrdi fn`b ef

tgd eroboj`n Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh w`s rdpn`hdi ay tgd sh`rndt Luemojt`jb

dmandm ef tgd J`toej`nosts ` rdi fn`b. wotg ` wgotd st`r oj tgd anud

fodni oj tgd uppdr ndft g`ji herjdr* Ot fnuttdrdi dvdrywgdrd oj tgd

arddzd. ` fn`ppojb dmandm ef tgd jdw id`n oj Hgoj`*

@mdroh`j sòners `ji Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds nejb wdrd ` f`mono`r

sobgt ej tgd strddts tgdrd* Rd ldpt ` pdrm`jdjt Hgoj` S`tren ef

w`rsgops ej iuty `nejb tgd he`st. `ji up tgd _`jbtzd fer merd tg`j

` tgeus`ji monds* Ygd 9tg Qdbomdjt. T* X* M`rojd Herps. rdmòjs

st`toejdi oj Xg`jbgò* Tjton tgd heujtry os ndss hgètoh tgdsd ferhds

wonn st`y te pretdht eur ojtdrdsts tgdrd* Ygd mdj frdqudjt tgd s`md

i`jhd g`nns `ji etgdr `musdmdjt spets oj tgd adbuonojb S`ros ef tgd

D`st. wgohg mdmadrs ef tgd etgdr sdrvohds p`trejozd*

Ehh`soej`nny frem ` herjdr. wgdj mdj ef tgd Je` `ji Dmdr`ni

bet tebdtgdr yeu weuni gd`r tgos iotty ` p`r`pgr`sd ay tgd n`td Nodut*

Xtùid ef `j eni M`rojd a`nnì. Ygd G`nns ef Mejtdsum`. hemmdm-

er`tojb tgdJ`jlojb Ojhoidjt* Ot beds ;

Frem tgd i`jhd g`nns ef eni Xg`jbgò

Ye tgd w`nns ef eni J`jlojb.

Rd g`vd mdt `nn lojis ek wemdj.@ji wd"vd feubgt `nn lojis ef mdj*

Hgerus

%% tgd Je` `ji tgd Dmdr`ni

Dvdr keoj oj fobgt `bòj.

Ofnn ad beei-ayd te Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl

@ji te Gdnn wotg Dubdjd Hgdj!




Dubdjd Hgdj w`s ferdobj mojostdr oj tgd jew idfujht Qdi-hej-

trenndi rdbomd `t G`jlew. oj Hdjtr`n Hgoj`. semd sox gujirdi monds

up tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr*

Ygd ferdobjdrs. wotgoj tdj i`ys `ftdr tgd hoty"s f`nn. rdturjdi te

tgdor jerm`n reutojd ef hnua nofd. reundttd. jobgt hnuas. benf. tdjjos.

iebs `ji gersd r`hojb* Xg`jbg`o ujidr tgd Luemojt`jb rdvenu-

toejosts `ji ferdobj `nnodi @rmy ef Ehhup`toej `ppd`rdi te g`vd

hg`jbdi aut nottnd frem Xg`jbg`o ujidr tgd Jertg Hgoj` w`r neris

`ji tgd Arotosg*



YGD J@JLOJB OJHOIDJY

YGD

J`jlojb Ojhoidjt%+ `s ot adh`md ljewj `reuji tgd st`rtndi.

ujhemprdgdjiojb werni. g`ppdjdi ej Ygursi`y ef tgd wddlwgohg adb`j wotg Xg`jbgò"s f`nn* Ygd m`rhgojb mdj frem H`j-

tej sdozdi Xg`jbgò ej Meji`y `ji teel J`jlojb. 024 monds ojn`ji

ej tgd _`jbtzd. ej Ygursi`y* Ygd f`nn ef Xg`jbgò w`s ` pd`hdfun

dvdjt hemp`rdi te tgd gerrers wgohg `hhemp`jodi tgd sdozurd ef pewdr

oj tgd pnd`s`jt hoty ef J`jlojb* Ygd Luemojt`jb treeps. swddpojb

dvdr jertgw`ri tew`ri Sdlojb. tgdor be`n. bet eut ef g`ji hempndtdny

Ygdor effohdrs heuni ie jetgojb wotg tgdor woni-dydi mdj frem Xeutg

Hgoj`*

Mdj oj ujoferms. rofnds oj g`ji. ponn`bdi tgd tewj* Ygdy neetdi

`ji s`hldi tg`t tewj `s ` hoty g`s r`rdny addj neetdi. dvdj oj Hgoj`*

Ygd werst p`rt ef tg`t ojhoidjt w`s tg`t tgdrd wdrd twe sherd er

merd ferdobjdrs rdsoiojb tgdrd wge rdfusdi `nn ìvohd te hnd`r eut*

Ygdsd eni Hgoj`-g`jis tgeubgt tgdy ljdw tgd Hgojdsd* Ygdy

adnodvdi tgdy heuni trust tgdm. seniodrs er je seniodrs* Ygdy feuji

eut tgdy wdrd wrejb tgesd wge novdi*

Rg`t tgdsd mdj `ji sturiy wemdj ioi jet ljew w`s tg`t `jy

m`j wotg ` buj. roiojb tgd gobg hrdst ef vohtery. os jet rdspejsoand

fer gos `htoejs* Gd m`y ie `jytgojb. `ji usu`nny ieds* Yg`t os `j

`xoem ef w`r*

Ygd vohteroeus seniodrs re`mdi tgreubg tgd hoty. idstreyojb. pon-

n`bojb. r`pojb tgd wemdj. lonnojb tgd mdj* M`jy gerroand dvdjts

ehhurrdi. aut fdw wdrd se heni-aneeidi `s tgd w`jtej muridr ef Ir*

K* D* Ronno`ms. ` mossoej`ry* Gd gì novdi fer yd`rs`mejb

tgd Hgoj-

dsd `ji heuni t`nl te tgdm oj tgdor n`jbu`bd* Gd `nse tgeubgt tg`t

rdmòjojb oj J`jlojb w`s s`fd* M`jy etgdrs. tee. prdfdrrdi te rd-

mòj `ji s`vd f`hd wotg tgdor trustdi Hgojdsd frodjis* Aut m`jywge s`vdi f`hd nest tgdor novds* Ir* Ronno`ms. ` lojiny. dnidrny

m`j ef Bei. w`s ejd* Gd w`s tgd gdì ef J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty* Ye be

`nejb wotg tgd trdji ef tgd tomds. gd gì `brddi te m`ld ` Hgojdsd

81



YGD J@JLOJB OJHOIDJY 88

jemoj`nny tgd Srdsoidjt ef tgd Tjovdrsoty Gd adh`md Vohd-Srdso-

idjt. aut stonn bevdrjdi tg`t mossoej`ry ojstotutoej

Ygdhg`jbd

w`s iud te tgd w`vd ef `jto-f

erdobjosm`ji j`toej`nosm

wgohg swdpt evdr @so`* Ir* Ronno`ms nest gos nofd wgdj ` yeutg oj

ujoferm. adjt ej reaadry. neet `ji r`pd. sget tgd mossoej`ry idì*

Ygd bujm`j ieuatndss gì jet tgd fòjtdst ojlnojb ef Ir* Ronno`m"s

oidjtoty er tgd beei gd w`s ieojb heujtndss Hgojdsd oj tgd J`jlojb

`rd`* Ot ioi jet m`ttdr te tgd yeutg* Gd lonndi gom. ndosurdny reaadi

tgd herpsd `ji wdjt ej gos h`rdfrdd w`y rdkeohojb oj gos sg`rd ef tgd

speons ef w`r* Ygdsd ojhnuidi tgd idì m`j"s w`thg* Ot os ieuatfun

wgdtgdr tgd b`y yeujb m`j wotg tgd buj heuni rdì tgd tomdpodhd

aut tomd md`jt jetgojb te gom tgdj* Ygd tohlojb m`y g`vd `musdi

gos ojf`jtond moji. er tgdbnojt

ef tgd beni m`y g`vd `ttr`htdi gos dyd*

Ygd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt os ` an`hl spet ej tgd dshuthgdej ef tgd

Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej* Ygd Hgojdsd ìmot tg`t* Fer ejd tgojb.

ferdobjdrs wdrd ojvenvdi* Yg`t md`jt ojtdrj`toej`n hempnoh`toejs*

Ygd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej`rods wdrd jet

rdìyfer suhg

hempnoh`toejsYgdy gì ` w`r ef tgdor ewj ej tgdor g`jis* @nse. tgd mdj tgdj `t

G`jlew prdfdrrdi `veoiojb Xg`jbgò `ji J`jlojb. iewj jd`r tgd

he`st. ujton Sdlojb w`s t`ldj* Ygdy w`jtdi te be ej up tgd Loj-g`j

Qònw`y te tgd `jhodjt H`pot`n* Ygdy fd`rdi suhg ojhoidjts%" ojvenvojb

jet ejny tgd usu`nny d`sy beojb Tjotdi Xt`tds Bevdrjmdjt. aut teubgdr

hustemdrs te id`n wotg wgdj pretdhtoej ef tgdor j`toej`ns os hejhdrjdi.

suhg `s Brd`t Arotòj*

Aut mdj wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb iosnoldi tgd brewojb ojfnudjhd ef

Meshew `ji Hemmujosm* Ygos breup ojhnuidi Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl. tgd jdw Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf ef tgd Qdvenutoej`ry @jjods*

Ygdy tgdrdferd teel Xg`jbgò `ji J`jlojb oj ` suiidj swoft aot ef

str`tdby. `ji spnot idfojotdny wotg tgd rìoh`n aneh oj hejtren ef tgd

bevdrjmdjt sdt up `t G`jlew. oj tgd hdjtdr ef Hgoj`* @ji tgd

J`jlojbaneh

dvdjtu`nny wejeut* Bdjdr`n

Hgo`jb erb`jozditgd J`-

toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb oj @pron 0?12. ndss tg`j ` mejtg `ftdr

tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt* Gd hejtrens Hgujblojb tei`y `s Srdsoidjt

ef tgd Dxdhutovd _u`j. er Heujhon Gos M`j Froi`y. Noj Xdj. g`s

tgd jemoj`n totnd ef Srdsoidjt ef tgd Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh* Aut Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl runds Frdd Hgoj` wotg ioht`tero`n pewdrs* Ygd ejny vdstobd

ef tgd Hemmujost ojfnudjhd oj Hgoj` os tgd Hemmottdd ferm ef bevdrj-



89 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

mdjt. `ji sperìoh eutard`ls ef Hemmujost a`jis oj tgd ojtdroer

Xeutg-Hdjtr`n sdhtoejs*

Ygd effoho`n rdpert ej tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt w`s mìd tg`t dx-

hotojb wddl ay tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun tgdrd. Mr* Kegj L* I`vos*

Gos i`t` w`s mìd `vònànd te md `ji O adnodvd g`s jdvdr adferd

addj projtdi bdjdr`nny. oj funn* Hejsun I`vos. ` m`j tgdj oj gos fertods.

wgesd wofd wdjt tgreubg tgd Ojhoidjt%" wretd gos rdpert ujidr iof-

fohunty* Gd rdm`rldi `s gd djidi ot ej ae`ri ` Tjotdi Xt`tds w`r-

sgop ef eur _`jbtzd Qovdr S`tren. tg`t tgd t`sl ef ir`ftojb ot ay

nejbg`ji wgdj wotgeut my bn`ssds. ef wgohg O w`s reaadi ay J`-

toej`nost seniodrs. `ji ay `rtofoho`n nobgt. g`s addj pòjfunny nàeroeus

`ji snew*

Jdvdrtgdndss. tgd werl os `j ojtdrdstojb. prdhosd rdsumd ef wg`t

g`ppdjdi tg`t wddl `t J`jlojb. dspdho`nny ojsef`r `s tgd dvdjts `f-

fdhtdi tgd ferdobjdrs tgdrd* Mr* I`vos h`nndi gos rdpert ; @jto-Ferdobj

Eutr`bds `t J`jlojb ej M`rhg 19. 0?12* Je ejd oj tgd ferdobj hem-

mujoty w`s hejhdrjdi vdry iddpny àeut wg`t g`ppdjdi te tgd Hgo-

jdsd. aut ot m`y ad `ssumdi tgdsd ehhurrdjhds wdrd `t nd`st `s brud-

semd* Ygd Hejsun"s rdpert trd`ts wotgeut mojhojb weris ef wg`t

g`ppdjdi te @mdroh`j wemdj wge rdfusdi te gddi ìvohd `ji bdt

eut wgond tgd bdttojb w`s beei*

Mr* I`vos w`s ferhdi te fndd frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun`td Oj

J`jlojb wotg gos wofd `ji twe sm`nn hgonirdj tgd merjojb ef M`rhg

19. fojiojb rdfubd oj tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon Hemp`jy"s geusd ej Xehejy

Gonn* Gdrd gd. tebdtgdr wotg D* Y* Gea`rt. ` Xt`ji`ri Eon dxdhutovd.

`ji mdmadrs ef tgd Hejsun`r st`ff. ldpt tgd Hgojdsd eff fer geurs

adferd ferhdi te eridr tgd sobj`n fer rdnodf frem idstreydrs oj tgd

rovdr* Mr* I`vos" rdpert. tgdrdferd. os a`sdi ej gos ewj dydwotjdss

dxpdrodjhds oj ìiotoej te hejvdrs`toejs wotg etgdrs wge wdjt tgreubg

tgd `ffòr*

Gd idshroadi gew tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun`td w`s neetdi. `ji

areubgt eut vovoiny tgd m`jjdr oj wgohg tgd @mdroh`j fn`b w`s ojtdj-

toej`nny idsdhr`tdi ay Hgojdsd seniodrs* Gd sòi. oj ` p`r`br`pg ej

tgdfn`b

ojhoidjt;

Ygdfn`b w`s forst gùndi iewj `ji tgdj ròsdi upsoid iewj.

dvoidjtny `s `j ojsunt< ot w`s tgdj gùndi iewj. terj `ji tgd

g`ny`ri hut `ji t`ldj `w`y*




Ygos `ji tgd neetojb. Mr* I`vos ìidi. wdrd iejd ay J`toej`nost

treeps oj ujoferm* Ot w`s tgos peojt tg`t mdj oj tgd G`jlew bev-

drjmdjt idsordi te `rbud. hejtdjiojb tg`t `j Ojtdrj`toej`n Hem-

mossoej te ojquord ojte tgd J`jlojb `ffòr w`s tgd ejny hovonozdi

w`y te be àeut dstànosgojb wgdtgdr er jet J`toej`nost seniodrs wdrd

buonty< `ji. sdhejiny. of se. wgdtgdr tgd G`jlew bevdrjmdjt heuni

ad gdni rdspejsoand* Ye tgos Jetd. wrottdj ay Dubdjd Hgdj G`j-

lew"s Mojostdr fer Ferdobj @ffòrs `ji jetd-wrotdr p`r dxhdnndjhd

jejd ef tgd Sewdrs ojvenvdi puanohny rdpnodi*

Hejsun I`vos" effoho`n rdpert ej tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt. prdp`rdi

`t J`jlojb wgond gd w`s tdmper`rony ` rdfubdd ej ae`ri tgd T* X* X*

Osàdn. O rdpreiuhd gdrd oj funn*

YGD @JYO-FEQDOBJ ETYQ@BDX @Y J@JLOJB

EJ M@QHG YRDJY_-FETQYG. 0?12

Frem Kegj L* I`vos. Hejsun*

J`jlojb. Hgoj`*

I`td ef prdp`r`toej; @pron 1. 0?12*

I`td ef mònojb; @pron 8. 0?12*

Fond Je* 733%833*

Ygd eutr`bds `bòjst ferdobj novds `ji prepdrty pdrpdtr`tdi ay

seniodrs ef tgd J`toej`nost `rmy ej M`rhg 19 `ffdhtdi se m`jy

@mdroh`j hotozdjs neh`tdi oj woidny sdp`r`tdi p`rts ef tgd hoty

`ji ojvenvdi se muhg prepdrty. tg`t ot os ompessoand dvdj jew

te bovd ` hemprdgdjsovd pohturd ef @mdroh`j ojkurods `ji nessds*

Oj tgos rdpert. gewdvdr. `j dffert wonn ad mìd te bovd ` bdjdr`n

pohturd `ji te suppny suhg pdrtojdjt ojferm`toej `s os suppertdi

ay my ewj pdrsej`n easdrv`toej. swerj `ffoi`vots ay @mdroh`j

hotozdjs `ji ay st`tdmdjts ef tgereubgny rdnoànd Hgojdsd mdmadrs

ef tgd J`jlojb Hejsun`r st`ff*

NOJKTQODX

@JI NEXXDX XTFFDQDI A_ @MDQOH@JX;

`* Ye Sdrsejs;

Ygd mest sdroeus sojbnd ojhoidjt tg`t ehhurrdi w`s tgd heni-

aneeidi muridr ef Ir* K* D* Ronno`ms. Vohd-Srdsoidjt ef J`j-

lojb Tjovdrsoty. ay ` ujofermdi J`toej`nost seniodr `t 7 `*m* ej

tgd twdjty-feurtg* Frem tgd swerj st`tdmdjts ef Ir* Aewdj.

Mr* Xpddrs `ji Mr. Newidrmonl. djhnesurds Jes* 0. 1 `ji 8



86 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

te tgos rdpert. ot wonn ad sddj tg`t je preveh`toej wg`tsedvdr w`s

bovdj ay tgd vohtom `ji tg`t tgd muridr w`s djtordny w`jtej*

Furtgdr. `ftdr lonnojb Ir* Ronno`ms. tgd seniodr h`nneusny reaadi

gos aeiy*

@s wonn ad sddj ay tgd `ffoi`vot ef Moss Mojjod Vùtroj `ji

fovd etgdr mdmadrs ef tgd Bojnojb Henndbd fer Remdj. djhnesurd

Je* 00. ` hemp`r`tovdny sgert tomd `ftdr tgd muridr ef Ir*

Ronno`ms. tgd J`toej`nost seniodrs neetojb tgd Bojnojb Henndbd

rdhebjozdi `ji eadydi ` J`toej`nost effohdr. tgus hejhnusovdny

prevojb tg`t tgdy wdrd jet `bdjts ef tgd Hgogno-Xg`jtujb

`rmy* Xojhd tgd Bojnojb Henndbd os tgd forst ferdobj hempeuji

wdst ef tgd Tjovdrsoty ef J`jlojb wgdrd Ir* Ronno`ms w`s

muridrdi `ji os ndss tg`j g`nf ` mond frem ot. wotg je etgdr

geusds ojtdrvdjojb. ot os dvoidjt tg`t tgd muridrdr w`s ejd ef

` n`rbd breup. tgd mdmadrs ef wgohg wdrd hnd`rny prevdj te ad

J`toej`nost seniodrs*

Jdxt oj sdroeusjdss `ftdr tgd muridr ef Ir* Ronno`ms w`s tgd

sgeetojb `ji weujiojb ay ` ujofermdi J`toej`nost seniodr ef

Moss @jj` D* Meffdtt. Xdhrdt`ry ef tgd @mdroh`j Jertgdrj

Srdsaytdro`j Mossoej* Frem tgd `ffoi`vot ef Moss Moro`m D*

Gunn. djhnesurd Je* 9. ot wonn ad sddj tg`t tgos hromd w`s djtordny

ujpreveldi. idnoadr`td `ji pdhuno`rny arut`n Ygd swerj st`td-

mdjt ef Ronno`m K`modsej. djhnesurd Je* 4. `nse bovds ` bdjdr`n

oid` ef tgd `ttotuid ef tgd seniodrs `t tgos tomd. wgesd mòj ea-

kdht w`s tgd std`nojb ef prepdrty. `ji wge wdrd ujofermny arut`n

oj tgd md`js dmpneydi te ferhd tgdor vohtoms te ioshnesd tgd

wgdrdàeuts ef tgdor v`nuànds*

Ygdrd ehhurrdi twe ljewj h`sds ef `ttdmptdi voen`toej ef

@mdroh`j wemdj ay ujofermdi J`toej`nost seniodrs. `ji ot os

adnodvdi tg`t etgdr somon`r h`sds ehhurrdi ef wgohg O g`vd jet

ydt addj ojfermdi* Fer eavoeus rd`sejs ef meidsty. tgd twe

vohtoms ie jet wosg tgdor j`mds bovdj `ji wdrd ujwonnojb te

m`ld wrottdj swerj st`tdmdjts* Gewdvdr. aetg wemdj `rd

ljewj te md `ji `rd tgereubgny trutgfun `ji jet bovdj te gys-

tdro` er dx`bbdr`toej* Oj ejd h`sd tgd wem`j w`s gdni ay ejd

er merd seniodrs wgond tgd weuni-ad r`post punndi up gdr hnetgojb

`ji w`s ejny steppdi ay tgd fertuj`td rusgojb oj ef ` hovono`j

rànd adjt ej neet oj tgd w`ld ef tgd seniodrs*




Arut`noty w`s se ojv`roàny tgd rund tg`t te ojhnuid `nn ljewj

h`sds weuni rdquord ` f`r nejbdr rdpert tg`t ot os pessoand jew

te prdp`rd ujidr

myprdsdjt nomot`toejs ef st`ff `ji effohd dquop-

mdjt*

Frem my pdrsej`n easdrv`toej O h`j veuhg fer tgd reubg

g`jinojb `ji reaaojb ef Mr* D* Y* Gea`rt. Vohd-Hejsun S`xtej

`ji mysdnf `t tgd rdsoidjhd ef Mr* Gea`rt* Rd wdrd rdpd`tdiny

mdj`hdi wotg neìdi postens `ji rofnds `ji ay a`yejdts* Ejd

seniodr st`rtdi te sgeet Mr* Gea`rt oj eridr tg`t gd mobgt bdt

eff ` tobgtny fottojb fojbdr rojb. `ji ejny idsostdi wgdj O premosdi

tg`t ot weuni ad premptny t`ldj eff. `ji peojtdi eut tg`t tgdy

weuni bdt merd mejdy of wd wdrd jet lonndi*

Remdj wdrd trd`tdi wotg `s muhg arut`noty `s mdj `ji tgd

àsdjhd ef ` n`rbdr jumadr ef rdpertdi ojst`jhds ef dxtrdmd

arut`noty te tgdm ^v`s iud '0/ te tgd f`ht tg`t tgd brd`tdr p`rt

ef tgd @mdroh`j wemdj `ji hgonirdj gì gddidi my ìvohd `ji

`nrdìy addj dv`hu`tdi< `ji '1/ adhùsd ef tgesd wge wdrd oj

tgd hoty. m`jy wdrd dotgdr `ssdmandi oj tgd pn`hds ef brd`tdst

s`fdty er wdrd goiidj `w`y sojbny er oj sm`nn breups oj tgd

geusds ef frodjiny Hgojdsd*

Mrs* A`tds. wgesd gusa`ji"s st`tdmdjt `ppd`rs `s djhnesurd

Je* 6. w`s vdry reubgny g`jindi `ji p`rtny stroppdi ay J`-

toej`nost seniodrs* Mrs* Ardjtej. `j @mdroh`j nìy ef 63 er

merd wge n`y sdroeusny onn oj ` hgòr. gì gdr adiiojb terj eff

gdr `ji w`s sd`rhgdi `ji reaadi< `ji ` yeujb @mdroh`j jursd

w`s mìd te sgew gdr b`rtdrs 'sdd `ffoi`vot ef Mr* @nspdhg.

djhnesurd Je* 2/* Ejd yeujb @mdroh`j wem`j. wge frem

fddnojbs ef meidsty rdfusdi te m`ld ` swerj st`tdmdjt oj wrot-

ojb. gì gdr s`jot`ry j`ploj terj eff gdr ay ` J`toej`nost sen-

iodr* Mrs* Monns 'djhnesurd Je* 6/ rdperts tgd tgrd`tdjojb ef

`j eni nìy adhùsd sgd heuni jet bdt eff gdr

wdiiojb rojbquohlny djeubg*

Oj Mr* N* K* Ewdj"s `ffoi`vot 'djhnesurd Je* 03/. gd st`tds

tg`t gos wofd. wgem O ljew te ad prdbj`jt. gì ` a`yejdt prdssdi

te gdr àiemdj `ji gdr irdss roppdi `ji gdr ujidrhnetgojb

sd`rhgdi* Ygdor twe nottnd borns wdrd `nse reubgny g`jindi*

Moss V`j Vnodt 'sdd djhnesurd Je* 0/ w`s reaadi. p`rto-



87 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

`nny stroppdi `ji tgdj sd`rhgdi. tgd seniodrs fddnojb gdr b`rtdr

hn`sp `ji ojtdjiojb te rdmevd ot ujton hejvojhdi ef ots n`hl ef

ojtrojsoh v`nud* Dvdj hgonirdj ef tdjidr `bd wdrd jet dxdmpt*

Mr* Newidrmonl 'djhnesurd Je* 8/ st`tds tgdy wdrd sd`rhgdi.

wgond Mr* Xpddrs 'djhnesurd Je* 1/ tdnns ef tgd idnoadr`td forojb

`t ` hgoni ef sdvdj*

Ygd brd`tdst arut`noty w`s sgewj tgd m`keroty ef tgd @mdr-

oh`j mdj* Ygdy wdrd ad`tdj. rdpd`tdiny tgrd`tdjdi wotg neìdi

ford `rms. sget `t `ji m`jy gì tgdor eutdr hnetgojb stroppdi

eff tgdor a`hls* Ir* Kejds oj gos st`tdmdjt 'djhnesurd Je* ?/

idshroadi gew Mr* @* @* Y`yner 'Arotosg/ w`s ir`bbdi `nejb

wotg ` repd `reuji gos jdhl `ji w`s sget `t. `ji m`jy etgdr

ojst`jhds wonn ad feuji idshroadi oj tgd djhnesdi swerj st`td-

mdjts*

a* Qeaaojb `ji Idstruhtoej ef @mdroh`j Srepdrty;

Ejny sdheji oj ompert`jhd te tgd t`lojb ef @mdroh`j nofd

`ji ndssdr voendjhd te @mdroh`j pdrsejs wdrd tgd wgends`nd

reaadry `ji idstruhtoej ef @mdroh`j prepdrty*

Sr`htoh`nny `nn @mdroh`js oj tgd hoty wdrd reaadi ef `nn tgdor

adnejbojbs ej tgdor pdrsejs `ji oj tgdor gemds. `ji usu`nny wotg

brd`t voendjhd `ji arut`noty* Idtòns ef tgd horhumst`jhds wonn ad

feuji oj tgd djhnesdi swerj st`tdmdjts* Dvdj stòrw`ys. woj-

iew fr`mds. ieers `ji oj sgert dvdrytgojb wgohg heuni ad terj

eut. wdrd t`ldj `w`y* Jet hejtdjt wotg tgos idstruhtoej. tgrdd

ojstotutoej`n auoniojbs. tgd Gonnhrdst Xhgeen fer @mdroh`j hgon-

irdj. tgd J`jlojb Ygdeneboh`n Xdmoj`ry `ji ejd auoniojb ef

tgd Frodjis+ 'Pu`ldr/ Mossoej Gespot`n wdrd aurjdi* @pprexo-

m`tdny tdj @mdroh`j rdsoidjhds suffdrdi ` somon`r f`td*

Xemd @mdroh`j ausojdss effohds `ji tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon Hem-

p`jy"s ojst`nn`toejs oj Sulew `ji tgd rovdrojd suaura ef Gso`-

lw`j `rd adnodvdi up te jew te ad ojt`ht. `j ommujoty brewojb

eut ef tgdor neh`toej `ji tgd f`ht tg`t tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd steppdi

tgd werst voendjhd adferd tgd J`toej`nost seniodrs gì bet iewj

te tgd rovdr*

h* @tt`hl Tpej @mdroh`j Hejsun`td;

Ygd mest eutr`bdeus idstruhtoej ef @mdroh`j prepdrty frem



YGD J@JLOJB OJHOIDJY 8?

`j ojtdrj`toej`n st`jipeojt. gewdvdr. w`s tgd `tt`hl upej `ji

tgd tgereubg neetojb ef tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td sgertny adferd

jeej ej M`rhg 19 ay J`toej`nost seniodrs* Djtry w`s bòjdi

tgreubg tgd rd`r djtr`jhd upej wgohg oj n`rbd Hgojdsd hg`r-

`htdrs w`s ` sobj @mdroh`j Hejsun`td. se tg`t tgd `tt`hl heuni

jet g`vd addj tgreubg mosujidrst`jiojb%+ Merdevdr. tgd fn`b

ej tgd fn`b st`ff w`s funny vosoand frem `nn `reuji*

Ygd seniodrs h`md oj geniojb tgdor rofnds rdìy te sgeet `ji

h`nnojb eut lonn tgd ferdobjdrs. sgew us wgdrd tgd ferdobjdrs

`rd se tg`t wdm`y

lonn tgdm `ji somon`r tgrd`ts*

Tpej adojbteni ay tgd Hgojdsd st`ff `ji tgd sdrv`jts tg`t tgos w`s tgd

@mdroh`j Hejsun`td `ji tg`t @mdroh`js wdrd frodjiny te tgd

Hgojdsd. tgd seniodrs rdpnodi tg`t `nn ferdobjdrs wdrd `nold `ji

wdrd te ad lonndi*

Rgdj s`tosfodi tg`t je @mdroh`js wdrd tgdrd. tgd seniodrs

prehddidi te std`n dvdrytgojb oj tgd effohd `ji rdsoidjhd `ji te

ard`l up wg`t tgdy heuni jet h`rry `w`y* Ygdy pòi spdho`n

`ttdjtoej te tgd s`fds `ji mdt`n fonojb hàojdts `ji djid`verdi

ay tgrd`ts `ji ferhd te hempdn tgd Hgojdsd dmpneyds te epdj

tgd fermdr* Tsojb v`roeus ompndmdjts. tgdy tgdj `tt`hldi tgd

s`fds `ji m`j`bdi te m`ld ` beei sozdi gend oj tgd a`hl ef ejd*

Fertuj`tdny. tgd hemp`rtmdjt rd`hgdi ejny hejtòjdi st`toejdry.

upej tgd ioshevdry ef wgohg tgdy idhoidi tg`t tgos s`fd w`s jet

wertg furtgdr dffert*

Ygd seniodrs dvdj teel eff mdt`n adis. mdt`n fond hàojdts `ji

somon`r n`rbd podhds ef furjoturd* Rgdj tgdy gì `nn tgdy w`jtdi.

tgd ne`fdrs `ji hemmej pdepnd wdrd urbdi ay tgdm te hemd oj

`ji t`ld wg`t w`s ndft @s ` rdsunt. tgd Hgojdsd st`ff rdpert

tg`t tgd auoniojb os neetdi hnd`j wotg tgd dxhdptoej ef tgd s`fds.

twe stevds. sh`ttdrdi aeels `ji p`pdrs `ji semd idsls. tgd

n`ttdr. gewdvdr. adojb sdroeusny i`m`bdi*

Ygd fn`b w`s forst gùndi iewj `ji tgdj ròsdi upsoid iewj.

dvoidjtny `s `j ojsunt< ot w`s tgdj gùndi iewj. terj `ji tgd

g`ny`ri hut `ji t`ldj `w`y*

Ygus. tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td w`s reaadi ef vortu`nny `nn

ots furjoturd `ji dquopmdjt `ji tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun stroppdi



93 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

ef `nn gos geusdgeni furjosgojbs. hnetgojb `ji pdrsej`n prepdrty

`nn ay tgd J`toej`nost treeps oj ujoferm*

Je dffert w`s mìd te step tgos erby ujton suasdqudjt te tgd

j`v`n a`rr`bd. `ji `ftdr `nn tgd i`m`bd gì addj iejd*

1. OJKTQODX YE EYGDQ J@YOEJ@NX-

Oj ` m`jjdr somon`r te tg`t usdi `bòjst @mdroh`js. `nn etgdr

ferdobjdrs. ojhnuiojb K`p`jdsd. wdrd `ssùntdi `ji reaadi. aut

ot os sobjofoh`jt tg`t wgond semd 08 @mdroh`j auoniojbs wdrd aurjdi.

je auoniojbs ewjdi ay etgdr j`toej`ns wdrd se trd`tdi*

Ygd K`p`jdsd Hejsun`td w`s tgd forst bevdrjmdjt hdjtdr

`tt`hldi* Ygd n`rbd jumadr ef K`p`jdsd `ssdmandi tgdrd wdrd

reaadi `ji arut`nny mostrd`tdi* @hheriojb te tgd st`tdmdjt ef

tgd K`p`jdsd j`v`n effohdr tgdj oj hg`rbd gdrd. sgets wdrd id-

noadr`tdny`ji sdvdr`n tomds fordi `t tgd K`p`jdsd Hejsun wge

w`s onn oj adi* Ygrdd K`p`jdsd mdmadrs ef tgd hejsun`r st`ff

wdrd `tt`hldi `ji weujidi ay J`toej`nost seniodrs. wgond tgd

hejsun`r effohds `ji rdsoidjhds wdrd tgereubgny reaadi `jineetdi* K`p`jdsd getdns. gespot`ns. pn`hds ef ausojdss `ji rdso-

idjhds `nn suffdrdi somon`r f`tds* Ejd K`p`jdsd sòner w`s `nse

sget `ji lonndi*

@ Frdjhg H`tgenoh f`tgdr w`s muridrdi* Ygd hemm`jidr

ef tgd @ndrtd st`tdi tg`t ` J`toej`nost effohdr fennewdi ay gos

mdj djtdrdi tgd shgeen wgdrd tgd prodst w`s `ji. wotgeut `jy

w`rjojb wg`tsedvdr. gomsdnf sget gom*@j Ot`no`j H`tgenoh prodst w`s `nse sget `ji lonndi ay J`-

toej`nost seniodrs `ji wotgeut preveh`toej*

J`toej`nost seniodrs `rd rdpertdi te g`vd peurdi ldresdjd ej

p`rts ef tgd H`tgenoh hgurhg. aut wdrd prdvdjtdi frem `htu`nny

sdttojb ford te ot ay Hgojdsd jdobgaers wge fd`rdi fer tgd s`fdty

ef tgdor ewj prepdrty*

Ygd Arotosg suffdrdi tgd gd`vodst ness ef nofd. g`vojb twe mdjlonndi. Ir* N* X* Xmotg. ` muhg rdspdhtdi `ji gejerdi neh`n

pr`htotoejdr. `ji Mr* Guadr. tgd G`raerm`stdr ef tgd Hgojdsd

M`rotomd Hustems* Aetg wdrd muridrdi `t tgd Arotosg Hej-

sun`td Bdjdr`n wgdrd tgdy gì addj t`lojb rdfubd* Mr* Adrtr`m

Bonds `ji H`ptòj Xpd`r wdrd `nse sget `ji weujidi `t tgd

Hejsun`td Bdjdr`n* Aetg tgd muridrs `ji weujiojb wdrd iejd




ay J`toej`nost seniodrs wge ljdw wgdrd tgdy wdrd `ji. oj Mr*

Bonds+ h`sd. wge tgdor vohtom w`s*

Ygd Arotosg Hejsun`td Bdjdr`n w`stgereubgny

neetdi

aysuh-

hdssovd w`vds ef J`toej`nost seniodrs `ji tgd twe weujidi mdj

`hhemp`jodi ay Mrs* Bonds `ji ` Moss An`ld wdrd fer 80 geurs

oj tgd a`hl reem ef tgd b`td geusd* @ntgeubg tgd eutr`bds `t

tgd Hejsun`td Bdjdr`n. ojhnuiojb tgd weujiojb ef Mr* Bonds.

wdrd m`ttdrs ef hemmej ljewndibd tgreubgeut tgd hoty. jetgojb

wg`tsedvdr w`s iejd tew`ris `fferiojb ìdqu`td pretdhtoej `ji

rdnodf ujton tgd `ftdrjeej ef M`rhg 14*

Arotosg hotozdjs wgdrdvdr feuji wdrd reaadi `ji àusdi oj

tgd s`md m`jjdr `s @mdroh`js. `ji tgdor rdsoidjhds. pn`hds ef

ausojdss `ji tgd gunls. `nejbsoid ef wgohg sgops neì `ji ios-

hg`rbd. wdrd `nn tgereubgny neetdi* @ntgeubg jejd ef tgdor

auoniojbs wdrd aurjdi. oj m`jy h`sds tgd ieer `ji wojiew

fr`mds wdrd terj eut. `ji oj ejd h`sd. dvdj tgd fneers wdrd iub

up*

8* HGOJDXD EFFOHDQX @JI YQEESX QDXSEJXOAND;

Bdjdr`n Hgdjb Hgodj. Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf ef tgd 6tg J`-

toej`nost @rmy `ji Iordhter ef tgd Qobgt 'Xeutg/ A`jl ef tgd

Qovdr. os tgd gobg Hemm`jiojb Effohdr wgesd treeps `rd rd-

spejsoand fer tgd eutr`bds* Ot wonn preaàny ad usdndss te dj-

id`ver te fox tgd rdspejsoaonoty upej `jy p`rtohun`r iovosoej. `s

`t nd`st p`rts ef aetg tgd 1ji `ji 6tg J`toej`nost @rmods wdrd

oj tgdhoty

`t tgd tomd ef tgd ojhoidjts* Ygd Qdi Xw`stol`

Xehodty"s effohdrs ojfermdi us. gewdvdr. tg`t tgd Hemm`jidr ef

tgd 9tg Iovosoej '1ji J`toej`nost @rmy/ w`s `htu`nny oj tgd

hoty ej tgd 19tg< ot g`s `nse addj suasdqudjtny nd`rjdi tg`t

Bdjdr`n Gu _è-tù. Hemm`jidr ef tgd 1ji Ojidpdjidjt

Iovosoej. w`s `nse tgdj oj tgd hoty*

My Hgojdsd st`ff ojferm md tg`t tgd treeps wgohg `tt`hldi

`ji neetdi tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td adnejbdi te tgd 1ji Ojid-

pdjidjt Iovosoej* Gewdvdr. tgos f`ht sgeuni jet ad mdjtoejdi

`s ot mobgt rdsunt oj tgd pdrsdhutoej ef eur vdry ney`n dmpneyds

wge g`vd `nrdìy suffdrdi aetg ness `ji g`risgop adhùsd ef

tgdor hejjdhtoej wotg eur effohd*



91 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

9 SQEEFX EF EQB@JO[@YOEJ @JI SQDMDIOY@YOEJ;

@s wonn ad jetdi frem `j dx`moj`toej ef tgd hdrtofodi hepods

ef swerj `ffoi`vots ef semd 83 @mdroh`j hotozdjs wgohg `rd `p-

pdjidi te tgos rdpert `s djhnesurds er dxgoaots. ` jumadr ef tgd

merd ndvdn gdìdi ef tgd @mdroh`js g`vd st`tdi ot `s tgdor form

adnodf tg`t tgd eutr`bds ef M`rhg 19 wdrd jet ejny hemmottdi

wotg tgd ljewndibd `ji hejsdjt ef tgd gobgdr J`toej`nost effohdrs.

aut wdrd p`rt ef ` prdmdiot`tdi `ji h`rdfunny `rr`jbdi pn`j te

irovd @mdroh`js `ji etgdr ferdobjdrs eut ef Hgoj`* Frem tgdor

wrottdj `ji vdra`nst`tdmdjts.

`s wdnn `s frem tgd sdrods ef

dvdjts tg`t h`md ujidr my pdrsej`n easdrv`toej `ji tgd st`td-

mdjts mìd te md ay ujofermdi J`toej`nost seniodrs `ji pdtty

effohdrs. O `m funny hejvojhdi aetg '0/ ef tgd buonty ljewndibd

ef. `ji tgd hejsdjt te. tgd eutr`bds ej tgd p`rt ef tgd gobgdr

effohdrs. ojhnuiojb Bdjdr`n Hgdjb Hgodj. `ji '1/ tg`t tgd J`j-

lojb Ojhoidjt w`s h`rdfunny pn`jjdi oj ìv`jhd ay `t nd`st `

p`rtef tgd

hejtrennojbndìdrs ef tgd se-h`nndi J`toej`nost mevd-

mdjt* Ygos os ` sdroeus st`tdmdjt. aut O adnodvd tg`t `ftdr h`rd-

funny dx`mojojb tgd djhnesdi `ffoi`vots `ji jetojb tgd fennewojb

peojts. tgd Idp`rtmdjt `ji Ndb`toej wonn funny hejhur oj myhejhnusoejs ;

`* Yomd Rotgoj Rgohg Eutr`bds Ehhurrdi;

Ot g`s addj hnòmdi oj ` puanoh st`tdmdjt ay Mr* Dubdjd

Hgdj tg`t tgd J`jlojb ojhoidjts wdrd tgd werl ef iosbuosdi

`bdjts ef tgd Hgogno-Xg`jtujb @rmy `ji wdrd pn`jjdi wotg `

vodw te arojb ioshrdiot upej tgd J`toej`nost bevdrjmdjt* Ygdrd `rd

m`jy preefs tg`t tgos w`s jet `ji heuni jet g`vd addj tgd h`sd*

Ygd sojbnd otdm ef tgd tomd wotgoj wgohg tgd eutr`bds ehhurrdi

`nmest somunt`jdeusny `ji tgreubgeut tgd hoty. os suffohodjt

`nejd te prevd tg`t tgdy heuni jet g`vd ehhurrdi wotgeut tgd

ljewndibd `ji hejsdjt ef tgd gobgdr J`toej`nost hemm`jidrs*

Hemmdjhojb `t àeut 7 oj tgd merjojb. tgdy hejtojudi wotg

dvdr ojhrd`sojb voendjhd ujton `ftdr tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd wgohg adb`j

`t 8;14 oj tgd `ftdrjeej* Jet ejny se. aut tgd tgrdd hejsun`tds

`rd `nn neh`tdi ej tgd projhop`n strddt ef tgdhoty. `ji wg`tdvdr

teel pn`hd tgdrd must g`vd addj premptny `jifunny ljewj te

tgd gobgdr effohdrs*




Furtgdr. `ntgeubg Bdjdr`n Hgdjb Hgodj. Hemm`jidr ef tgd

6tg @rmy. ossudi `j eridr fer tgd pretdhtoej ef ferdobj novds

`ji prepdrty. `hheriojb te gos ewj wrottdj st`tdmdjt. `ftdr gd`r-

ojb tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd. tgos w`s jet djferhdi* Fer wgond tgd

a`rr`bd steppdi voendjhd te pdrsejs. ferdobj auoniojbs wdrd neetdi

ej tgd 14tg `ji 16tg. `hheriojb te tgd st`tdmdjts ef sdrv`jts

wge weuni g`vd je rd`sej te nod oj tgos rdb`ri* Merdevdr.

pdtty neetojb `t tgd Arotosg Hejsun`td Bdjdr`n ay seniodrs hej-

tojudi ej tgd 17tg `ji tgd rdsoidjhds ef tgd Arotosg dmpneyds

ef tgd Yodjtsoj-Sulew

Qònw`y`t Suhgdj. tgrdd monds àevd

Sulew. wdrd rdpertdi `s neetdi ej tgd forst ef @pron* Gì ot

addj trud tg`t tgd eutr`bds wdrd tgd werl ef Jertgdrj seniodrs.

tgdy heuni jet pessoany g`vd addj hejtojudi ujidr tgd jesds ef

tgd J`toej`nosts fer se nejb*

Oj tgd `ffoi`vot ef Moss Mojjd Vùtroj 'djhnesurd Je* 00/.

sgd st`tds tg`t `t àeut 03 oj tgd merjojb ef M`rhg 19 `j effohdr.

tgd aretgdr ef `Bojnojb Henndbd

stuidjt. h`md te tgdhenndbd

`ji rdjidrdi `ssost`jhd oj pretdhtojb tgd @mdroh`j td`hgdrs*

@s `t tg`t tomd gd must g`vd sddj `ji gd`ri ef m`jy ef tgd

eutr`bds `bòjst @mdroh`js. ojhnuiojb tgd muridr ef Ir* Ron-

no`ms. `ji hdrtòjny weuni g`vd rdpertdi tgdm< tgd ujojtdr-

ruptdi hejtoju`jhd ef tgd werst ojhoidjts fer )y geurs tgdrd-

`ftdr heuni jet g`vd ehhurrdi wotgeut tgd funn ljewndibd `ji

hejsdjt ef tgdgobgdr

effohdrs*

a* Xomon`roty ef Ojhoidjts Ygreubgeut Hoty;

Ygd `jto-ferdobj eutr`bds wgohg wdrd pdrpdtr`tdi oj ` n`rbd

jumadr ef sdp`r`td prdmosds neh`tdi. oj semd ojst`jhds. `s muhg

`s fovd monds `p`rt wdrd `nn hg`r`htdrozdi ay se strolojb ` somo-

n`roty `s te ojioh`td tg`t tgdy wdrd h`rrodi eut oj tgd dxdhutoej

ef ` prd`rr`jbdi pn`j* Oj pr`htoh`nny d`hg h`sd tgd seniodrs dj-

tdrdi tgd ferdobj prdmosds tgrd`tdjojb tgd ehhup`jts wotg rofnds

er postens `ji h`nnojb fer tgd ferdobjdrs wgem tgdy st`tdi tgdy

weuni lonn* Rgdj ferdobjdrs wdrd feuji. tgdy wdrd forst reaadi

`ji tgdj ferhdi `t tgd peojt ef neìdi ford `rms te ioshnesd tgd

wgdrdàeuts ef hejhd`ndi v`nuànds* @ftdr `nn tgdsd gì addj

bovdj up. tgd seniodrs prehddidi te lonn er etgdrwosd mostrd`t



99 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

tgdor vohtoms. oj m`jy h`sds stroppojb tgdm ef tgdor eutdr

hnetgojb*

Ot w`s jetdiay

Mr* Gea`rt `jimysdnf

`ji `nse rdpertdiay

mossoej`rods wge `t tgd tomd wdrd m`jy monds frem us. tg`t tgd

seniodrs aerd dvdry dvoidjhd ef g`vojb addj werldi up ay h`rd-

fun prep`b`ji` te pdrferm iddis wgohg tgdy j`tur`nny fd`rdi te

hemmot* Ot w`s jetdi tg`t wgdj ejd seniodr b`vd dvoidjhd ef

adojb semdwg`t rdstròjdi ay eur `ttotuid `ji `rbumdjts. ejd

ef gos fdnnews weuni rdmoji gom tg`t gd adnejbdi te tgd rdve-

nutoej`ry `rmywgohg ioi jet fd`r

ferdobjdrs`ji

purpesdnylonndi tgdm `nn*

Oj tgd m`keroty ef h`sds. `ji jetàny `t tgd @mdroh`j `ji

K`p`jdsd Hejsun`tds. `ftdr tgd seniodrs gì t`ldj wg`t tgdy heuni

h`rry. tgdy ferhdi tgd neh`n pdepnd `t tgd peojt ef tgd buj te

hemd oj `ji neet `nse Ygos w`s p`npàny iejd oj eridr te hrd`td

`j `noao oj ìv`jhd tg`t tgd objer`jt `ji stupoi"+

pdepnd mobgt

n`tdr ad an`mdi*

Ygd neetdrs prehddidi oj breups ef 9. 6 er merd. wgohg mevdi

ej wgdj iordhtdi ay ejd ef tgdor jumadr. dvoidjtny ` pdtty

effohdr. te ie se* Ygos pn`j w`s jetohdi aetg `t tgd Xt`ji`ri

Eon rdsoidjhd `ji `t tgd @mdroh`j mossoejs m`jy monds `w`y*

Xdd tgd `ffoi`vot ef Ir* Aewdj 'djhnesurd Je* 0/*

h* Ndssdr Effohdrs Rdrd Eftdj Rotg Neetdrs @ji Heuni

Hejtren Ygdm Rgdj Ygdy Idsordi;

Gì tgd neetdrs addj Jertgdrj `bdjts. tgdy weuni jet g`vd

addj `hhemp`jodi oj semd h`sds ay J`toej`nost effohdrs. jer

weuni tgdy g`vd addj rdhebjozdi `s J`toej`nost seniodrs ay. er

g`vd eadydi tgd eridrs ef. suhg effohdrs* _dt oj tgd swerj

st`tdmdjts ef Moss Mojjod Vùtroj `ji etgdr Bojnojb Henndbd

f`huntymdmadrs

'djhnesurd Je* 00/ otos

iostojhtny sgewj tg`t

jet ejny w`s ` J`toej`nost effohdr ej tgd shdjd ef neetojb. aut

tg`t gd w`s ànd. wgdj gd hgesd. te dxdrhosd hejtren evdr tgd

seniodrs* @s tgos `htoej teel pn`hd `t àeut 03 oj tgd merjojb.

ot hnd`rny prevds tg`t tgd J`toej`nost hemm`jiojb effohdrs must

g`vd ljewj `t `pprexom`tdny 03-83 kust wg`t eutr`bds wdrd

adojb pdrpdtr`tdi ay tgdor mdj* Ygdor fònurd te t`ld `jy rd-




stròjojb `htoej ujton `ftdr tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd. wgohg ioi jet ehhur

ujton fovd geurs n`tdr. os ` hnd`r ojioh`toej ef tgdor buonty ljewn-

dibd

ef `ji `hquodshdjhd oj tgd eutr`bds* Oj vodw ef tgd hejtren

dxdrhosdi evdr tgd J`toej`nost seniodrs dnsdwgdrd. tgd pdrmottojb

ef tgd `jto-ferdobj erby `t J`jlojb `nse ojioh`tds prdmdiot`toej*

Ot os ojhejhdovànd tg`t tgd gobgdr hemm`jiojb effohdrs wdrd uj-

ànd te hejtren tgdor mdj fer pr`htoh`nny dobgt geurs `ji tgdj.

upej tgd a`rr`bd frem tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg j`v`n vdssdns.

suiidjny adh`md ànd te dxdrhosd suhg hejtren* Ygd uj`veoiànd

hejhnusoej os tg`t hejtren w`s dxdrhosdi`hheriojb

te tgd idsords

ef tgd gobgdr hemm`jiojb effohdrs. `ji tg`t sojhd `t `pprexo-

m`tdny 9 p* m* tgd treeps wdrd suiidjny `ji premptny h`nndi

tebdtgdr. tgdy gì fer tgd prdhdiojb dobgt geurs addj fujhtoejojb

ujidr eridrs

Ygd f`ht tg`t tgd neetojb ay tgdor seniodrs w`s sddj ay `ji

`hquodshdi oj ay v`roeus J`toej`nost effohdrs os hnd`rny areubgt

eut oj tgd swerj st`tdmdjt ef Ir* @* K* Aewdj. Srdsoidjt ef tgd

J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty 'djhnesurd Je* 0/ `ji ay sdvdr`n etgdr

st`tdmdjts oj tgd djhnesdi `ffoi`vots*

i* Neetojb Xeniodrs Iordhtdi ay Rgostnds @ji @ssdmandi ay

Aubnd H`nns;

Qdvdrdji R`ntdr Q* Ronno`ms 'djhnesurd Je* 01/ st`tds tg`t

tgd suhhdssovd a`jis ef neetojb seniodrs wdrd mevdi ej ay sgronn

wgostnds dvoidjtny anewj ay ndìdrs* @s Mr* Ronno`ms w`s `t

tg`t tomd oj goiojb `ji jet tgdj adojb mendstdi. gd w`s oj `

pdhuno`rny ìv`jt`bdeus pesotoej h`rdfunny te jetd wg`t teel pn`hd.

`j àonoty jet djkeydi ay tgesd wgesd easdrv`toejs wdrd mìd

wgond `htu`nny ujidrbeojb voendjhd `t tgd g`jis ef J`toej`nost

seniodrs* Fer tgos rd`sej. `ji adhùsd gd os ` pdhuno`rny hej-

sdrv`tovd `ji trutgfun ojiovoiu`n. gos st`tdmdjt oj tgos rdb`ri

sgeuni ad bovdj spdho`n wdobgt*

@hheriojb te tgd st`tdmdjts ef Qdvdrdji R`ntdr Q* Ronno`ms.

Mr* K`mds M* Xpddrs. Ir* G`rry F* Qewd. `ji Ir* Iej`ni R*

Qohg`risej 'djhnesurds Jes* 01. 1. 08. `ji 09. rdspdhtovdny/.

ommdio`tdny `ftdr tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd aubnds seujidi tgd seniodrs

wdrd dvoidjtny `ssdmandi er h`nndi eff ujidr eridrs* @s je



96 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

aubnds gì addj prdvoeusny jetdi. ot `ppd`rs tg`t tgd hemm`jiojb

effohdrs ioi jetgojb te h`nn eff tgdor mdj ujton frobgtdjdi ay tgd

j`v`n buj ford. aut wdrd ànd `t wonn `nmest ojst`jtny te arojb

tgdor mdj ujidr bdjdr`n hejtren*

d* Neetojb Rdnn Erb`josdi `ji oj Xemd H`sds Iordhtdi ay

Hovono`js Rge Ljew J`jlojb;

Frem my ewj easdrv`toej ej tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon gonn `ji frem

tgd swerj st`tdmdjts mìd ay mossoej`rods. jetàny ay Ir*

Aewdj. Mr* Ewdj `ji Mrs* H* G* Fneppdr 'djhnesurds Jes*

0. 03. `ji 04/. ot w`s hnd`r tg`t tgd neetojb w`s jet g`pg`z`ri

aut w`s h`rrodi eut oj ` bdjdr`nny erb`jozdi m`jjdr* Ygd sm`nn

breups sddmojbny gì ljewj eakdhtovds `ji `nn fennewdi"tgd s`md

prehdiurd ef reaaojb. sdhurojb ef hejhd`ndi v`nuànds ay ojtomo-

i`toej `ji voendjhd te @mdroh`js*

@hheriojb te st`tdmdjts ef Mdssrs* Xpddrs. Kejds. Xmotg `ji

Mrs* Monns 'djhnesurds Jes* 1. ?. 06 `ji 7. rdspdhtovdny/. neetojb

breups ef J`toej`nost seniodrs wdrd ndi. oj sdvdr`n h`sds. ay Hgo-

jdsd hovono`js wge. adojb f`mono`r wotg J`jlojb. buoidi tgd

neetdrs te ljewj eakdhtovds* Ygos peojt os ef brd`t ompert`jhd

`s ot ojioh`tds tg`t tgd eutr`bds wdrd pn`jjdi oj ìv`jhd `ji tg`t

J`toej`nost hovono`js wdrd utonozdi oj iordhtojb `ji buoiojb tgd

seniodrs oj tgdor h`mpòbj ef eutr`bd `ji tdrreroz`toej*

f* @nn Hovono`j

NeetojbEridrdi er Ndi

ayJ`toej`nost Xen-

iodrs ;

@s ot g`s addj `ssdrtdi tg`t `nn neetojb w`s iejd ay Jertgdrj

seniodrs er ay tgd neh`n pdepnd. ot sgeuni ad h`rdfunny jetdi tg`t

frem djhnesurds Jes* 02. 1. 9. 07. 08. 0?. 13. 04. 2. `ji 16. ot os

iostojhtny dstànosgdi ay swerj st`tdmdjts ay tgereubgny rdnoànd

@mdroh`j hotozdjs tg`t `ntgeubg hejsoidrànd neetojb w`s iejd

ay neh`n pdepnd. ot w`s ejny hemmottdi wgdj eridrdi er ndi aytgd seniodrs* Oj etgdr weris. `ntgeubg semd hovono`j neetojb ioi

ehhur. ot w`s jdvdr ojoto`tdi ay tgd pdepnd wge mdrdny fennewdi

tgd seniodrs" ndì*

@t tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td wgdj tgd penohd djid`verdi te

step semd n`td neetdrs frem t`lojb eut aujinds ef `rtohnds wgohg

tgdy gì pohldi up. tgdy 'tgd penohd/ wdrd hevdrdi ay tgd bujs




ef p`ssojb seniodrs wge sòi tg`t tgd pdepnd sgeuni ad `nnewdi

te neet ferdobj prepdrty `t wonn @t tgos tomd tgd prehn`m`toej

eridrojb

tgd

pretdhtoej

ef

ferdobj

novds `jiprepdrty

gì`nrdìy

addj pestdi `t tgd hejsun`r djtr`jhd b`td*

b* Dxdmptoej ef Hgojdsd Geusds Ojioh`tds Metoud Ojkury te

Ferdobjdrs `ji Jet Mdrd Neet;

Frem sdvdr`n ef tgd djhnesdi st`tdmdjts ot wonn ad sddj tg`t

Hgojdsd geusds wdrd dxdmpt frem neetojb* Oj tgd `ffoi`vot ef

Mr* Genreyi 'djhnesurd Je* 11/ ot os peojtdi eut tg`t tgd rdso-

idjhd ef Mr* Op.` H`jtejdsd mdmadr ef tgd Tjovdrsoty ef J`j-

lojb. dsh`pdi neetojb `ntgeubg neh`tdi oj tgd moist ef ` breup

ef @mdroh`j rdsoidjhds* Gì mdrd neetojb addj tgd eakdht ef

tgd treeps. er gì tgdy addj `htu`nny eut ef hejtren. tgos auoniojb

weuni `nse g`vd addj reaadi* Ygus tgd promd `htu`tojb metovd

ef tgd eutr`bds os sddj te ad ojkury te ferdobjdrs `ji jet neet

`nejd*

g* Dvoidjhds ef Sn`jjojb ;

Frem tgd st`tdmdjts ef Qdvdrdji R* Q* Ronno`ms 'djhnesurd

Je* 01/ `ji ef Qdvdrdji R* S* Qeadrts 'djhnesurd Je* 18/

ot `ppd`rs tg`t hdrtòj stdps wdrd idfojotdny pn`jjdi oj ìv`jhd*

Mr* Ronno`ms gd`ri seniodrs st`tojb tg`t ferdobjdrs wdrd te

ad stroppdi te tgdor ujidrwd`r `ji tg`t te lonn ` ferdobjdr weuni

ad te bòj prdstobd* @s tgos w`s dx`htny tgd prehdiurd fennewdi

oj sdvdr`n h`sds oj ioffdrdjt p`rts ef tgd hoty. ot os dvoidjt tg`t

tgos w`s ` prd`rr`jbdi pn`j. tgd dvdjtu`n dxdhutoej ef wgohg

w`s ejny frustr`tdi ay tgd uj`jtohop`tdi j`v`n a`rr`bd*

Mr* Qeadrts w`s teni ay ` J`toej`nost effohdr tg`t tgd `jto-

Arotosg g`trdi w`s hùsdi ay tgd fojiojb ef ` idì Djbnosgm`j

`mejb tgd idì wgotd Qusso`j seniodrs `ji tg`t tgos ioshevdry

gì se ojfn`mdi tgd mojis ef tgd J`toej`nost seniodrs tg`t tgdy

gì idtdrmojdi te lonn `nn Qusso`js `ji Djbnosgmdj wgem tgdy

feuji* Mr* Qeadrts adnodvds tg`t tgos os dvoidjhd ef prep`-

b`ji` purpesdny usdi te stor up tgd seniodrs tg`t tgdy weuni jet

gdsot`td te lonn* Ot `ppd`rs preaànd tg`t tgos hejhnusoej w`s

funny w`rr`jtdi*



97 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

o* Qdfus`n ek Qdspejsoand Effohdrs te Xdd Ferdobj Hejsuns;

Dfferts te bdt ojte teuhg wotg tgd gobgdr J`toej`nost effohdrs

wdrd mìd ay md tgreubgeut tgd djtord i`yef

M`rhg 19tg.

tgreubg tgd penohd effoho`ns. ay bovojb my h`ri te seniodrs `ji

tgreubg tgd sdnf-styndi Senotoh`n Aurdù oj tgd Gso`lw`j suraura*

Xomon`r dfferts wdrd mìd ay etgdr ferdobj effoho`ns* Rgond ot os

ujidrst`jiànd tg`t semd mdss`bds mosh`rrodi ot os ompessoand

tg`t `nn ioi se. `ji ot os ejny tee pnòj tg`t tgd gobgdr effohdrs

ioi jet idsord er ojtdji te ad sddj ay ferdobj effoho`ns* Ygdor

metovd fer tgos rdfus`n os eavoeus <

wdrd tgdy te sdd suhg effoho`ns

`ji ad effoho`nny ojfermdi ef tgd eutr`bds. tgdy heuni jet ioshnòm

ljewndibd er rdspejsoaonoty*

Dvdj oj tgd dvdjojb wgdj Bdjdr`n Hgdjb Hgodj sdjt weri

tgreubg tgd Qdi Xw`stol` Xehodty `slojb tg`t tgd a`rr`bd jet

ad rdpd`tdi. gd rdfusdi te sdji `jy rdspejsoand gobg effohdr te

ioshuss tgd sotu`toej wotg Qd`r @imor`n G* G* Geubg. H`ptòj

Djbn`ji ef tgd Dmdr`ni `ji mysdnf* Ygos rdfus`n w`s hejtojudi

ej tgd 14tg. wgdj `j ompuidjt `ji dv`sovd rdpny w`s rdhdovdi

frem gom*

k* Jdbndht te Y`ld @iv`jhd Srdhùtoejs;

Gì tgd J`toej`nosts idsordi te pretdht ferdobj novds `ji prep-

drty. `s w`s hnòmdi ay Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Hgodg-sgog 'Hgo`jb Lò-

sgdl/ oj gos st`tdmdjt te prdss rdprdsdjt`tovds oj Xg`jbgò. ì-

v`jhd stdps weuni g`vd addj t`ldj oj vodw ef tgd ljewj prds-

djhd oj J`jlojb ef tgrdd ferdobj hejsun`tds `ji ` n`rbd ferdobj

pepun`toej* Ygd f`ht tg`t je suhg stdps wdrd t`ldj. hnd`rny prevds

tg`t tgd Hdjtr`n Hemmottdd gì je idsord fer tgd pretdhtoej ef

ferdobjdrs. aut ej tgd hejtr`ry. `ji fer ots ewj purpesds. idsordi

tg`t `jto-ferdobj eutr`bds sgeuni ehhur* Ot os adnodvdi. gewdvdr.

tg`t pdrsej`nny Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Hgodg-sgog preaàny gì je ì-

v`jhd ljewndibd ef tgos pn`j `ji pdrg`ps rdbrdts tgd ehhur-

rdjhd* Gewdvdr. Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb ieds jet hejtren tgd J`toej`nost

bevdrjmdjt `ji gos ewj pdrsej`n sddmojbny merd rd`sejànd

`ttotuid h`jjet ad hejsoidrdi `s rdprdsdjtojb tg`t ef tgd hej-

trennojb dndmdjt oj gos p`rty*



YGD J@JLOJB OJHOIDJY 9?

l* Yreeps Hemmottojb Eutr`bds Rdrd Xeutgdrj Hgojdsd ;

Ygd treeps wgohg hemmottdi tgd eutr`bds wdrd frem tgdor

spddhg ujqudstoejànyXeutgdrjdrs*

Ygd n`rbd jumadrwotg

wgemO w`s ferhdi te p`rndy fer evdr twe geurs `t Mr* Gea`rt"s rdso-

idjhd `ji tgd sdvdr`n wotg wgem O speld adferd nd`vojb tgd

@mdroh`j Hejsun`td wdrd dotgdr Guj`jdsd er frem Lo`jbso `ji

fdw wdrd dvoidjtny frem Lw`jbtujb. `s tgdy heuni jet spd`l

M`ji`roj* Ygdy werd str`w s`ji`ns `ji m`jy gì tgd typoh`n

H`jtejdsd. n`rbd reuji a`maee g`ts str`ppdi te tgdor a`hls*

4* DFFDHY EF YGD A@QQ@BD;

Ygd j`v`n a`rr`bd wgohg w`s put iewj ay tgd T* X* X* Je`.

tgd T* X* X* Srdstej `ji G* M* X* Dmdr`ni oj eridr te s`vd

tgd 41 ferdobjdrs adsdobdi oj tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon geusd. ujqudstoej-

àny s`vdi tgd novds jet ejny ef tgos p`rty. aut ef ` sm`nndr "breup

`t tgd Arotosg Hejsun`td Bdjdr`n. ef tgd n`rbd breup ef K`p`jdsd

`t tgdK`p`jdsd

Hejsun`td `ji ef semd 013 @mdroh`jsmòjny

`s-

sdmandi `t tgd Tjovdrsoty ef J`jlojb* Ot w`s iordhtdi `t tgd

epdj gonn heujtry ommdio`tdny `reuji tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon rdsoidjhds

`ji wgond ` fdw sgdnns wdjt adyeji. tgd i`m`bd iejd te Hgojdsd

nofd. etgdr tg`j te tgd `tt`hldrs ef tgd rdsoidjhds oj qudstoej. w`s

ojfojotdsom`n<tgd i`m`bd te Hgojdsd prepdrty w`s `nse jdbnoboand*

Jet ejny os tgd heujtry `reuji tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon gonn epdj `ji

wotg ejny ehh`soej`n breups ef f`rm geusds. aut tgd s`md st`td-

mdjt os trud ef tgd heujtry adyeji `ji oj nojd wotg tgd ford* Ygd

Hoty ef J`jlojb w`s jet aema`ridi `ji `nn ef tgd st`tdmdjts te

tgd hejtr`ry ay Mr* Dubdjd Hgdj `rd p`npàny mdji`hoeus `ji

ojtdjidi te idhdovd tgd Rdstdrj werni*

Ygd st`tdmdjts ef @mdroh`js oj tgdor swerj `ffoi`vots `s te

tgd adjdfoho`n dffdht ef tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd `rd tee jumdreus te ad

quetdi gdrd aut sgeuni ad h`rdfunny jetdi* Oj bdjdr`n tgdsd

st`tdmdjts `brdd tg`t tgd j`v`n buj ford s`vdi tgd novds ef `nn

ferdobjdrs tgdj wotgoj tgd hoty w`nns< tg`t ot ojst`jtny steppdi

tgd forojb eff ef rofnds `ji postens ay neetojb J`toej`nost seniodrs<

tg`t ot mìd pessoand tgd dv`hu`toej ef ferdobjdrs ej M`rhg 14tg<

tg`t ot hùsdi tgd anewojb ef aubnds te h`nn eff tgd neetdrs< tg`t

tgd werst voendjhd `ji neetojb w`s ojst`jtny steppdi ay ot< tg`t



43 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

hovono`j neetdrs wdrd `wdi `ji rdstròjdi< `ji. oj arodf. tg`t ot

preiuhdi `nn ef tgd rdsunts idsordi aetg dffdhtovdny `ji premptny*

6* HEJHNTXOEJ*

Frem tgd f`hts `s areubgt eut àevd. `ji frem tgd àuji`jt

m`tdro`n hejtòjdi oj tgd djhnesdi `ffoi`vots. ot os sgewj tg`t ej

M`rhg 19tg tgdrd ehhurrdi ` idnoadr`td `ji dvoidjtny prd`rr`jbdi

h`mpòbj ef ujp`r`nndndi voendjhd `ji eutr`bd `bòjst `nn fer-

dobjdrs oj J`jlojb ay pertoejs ef tgd 1ji `ji 6tg J`toej`nost

`rmods* Adsoids ieojb jetgojb te rdstròj gos treeps ujton ferhdi

te ie se ay tgd j`v`n a`rr`bd. tgd J`toej`nost hemm`jiojb effohdr

hejsostdjtny rdfusdi te sdji `jy gobg r`jlojb effohdr te ioshuss

tgd ojhoidjts `ji `rr`jbd fer tgd rdnodf ef tgd ferdobjdrs ndft oj

tgd hoty. wgesd `htu`n dv`hu`toej `s idshroadi oj my idsp`thg

ef M`rhg 17tg. w`s ejny mìd pessoand ay ` strejb tgrd`t te

aema`ri tgd hoty* Furtgdr. `ftdr tgd eutr`bd gd g`s sgewj je

hejtrotoej `ji g`s iejd jetgojb wg`tsedvdr tew`ris m`lojb

`mdjis er pujosgojb tgesd buonty < ej tgd hejtr`ry. gd g`s mòj-

tòjdi `j `ttotuid ef truhundjhd `ji ompuidjhd. `ji g`s nobgtny

iosmossdi tgd ojhoidjts `s tgd werl ef neh`n aì hg`r`htdrs

ojstob`tdi ay Jertgdrj `bdjts*

Ot g`s addj ompessoand te hevdr `nn peojts `ji ot os gepdi.

tgdrdferd. tg`t tgd Idp`rtmdjt `ji Ndb`toej wonn jet hejfojd tgdor

`ttdjtoej te tgesd dnuhoi`tdi oj gos rdpert. aut wonn h`rdfunny dx-

`mojd tgd m`ss ef v`nuànd m`tdro`n hejtòjdi oj tgd djhnesdi

hepods ef swerj st`tdmdjts ay @mdroh`j hotozdjs*

2* YGOX QDSEQY SQDS@QDI TJIDQ IOFFOHTNYODX;

Oj spotd ef tgd vdry bdjdreus `ssost`jhd ef Nodutdj`jt-

Hemm`jidr Fr`jl G* Nuhldn `ji tgd effohdrs ef tgd T* X* X*

Kegj I* Feri. tgd prdp`r`toej ef tgos rdpert g`s addj `ttdjidi

wotg muhg ioffohunty* Ygd t`sl ef ir`ftojb ot ay nejbg`ji wgdjwotgeut my bn`ssds. ef wgohg O w`s reaadi ay J`toej`nost sen-

iodrs. `ji ay `rtofoho`n nobgt. g`s addj pòjfunny nàeroeus `ji

snew* @ sgert`bd ef typdwrotdrs ej ae`ri `ji nomot`toejs ef

sp`hd g`vd `nse idn`ydi ots hempndtoej* Ygdsd hejiotoejs `rd

`hheujtànd fer tgd m`jy eavoeus ompdrfdhtoejs oj stynd `ji

`ppd`r`jhd*




Oj m`lojb tgd djhnesdi hepods ef `ffoi`vots. ot g`s addj om-

pessoand te ie beei typojb `ji m`jy herrdhtoejs oj ojl g`vd addj

rdquordi te m`ld tgdm dx`ht*

Foj`nny hrdiot os iud Vohd-Hejsun S`xtej fer gos hejst`jt

`ssost`jhd `ji te Hndrl @* G* [dd wge g`s hemd ej ae`ri `ji

werldi f`r ojte tgd jobgt oj eridr tg`t tgos rdpert mobgt ad

hempndtdi `ji put upej ` iewj rovdr std`mdr*

Kegj L* I`vos

@mdroh`j Hejsun

I`vos+ rdpert weuni sddm sdnf-suffohodjt* Ot rdm`ojs ej fond oj

R`sgojbtej `s tgd effoho`n vdrsoej ef tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt. oj wgohg

se m`jy ferdobjdrs 'ojhnuiojb @mdroh`j mdj. wemdj `ji semd hgon-

irdj/ wdrd ojvenvdi*



RG_ RD @QD OJ HGOJ@

FDR.of

`jy. ef tgd mdjoj

tgd TjotdiXt`tds

J`vy`ji M`rojd

Herps effohdrs `s wdnn `s djnostdi pdrsejjdn gì ` vdry hnd`r

oid` ef wgy tgdy wdrd sdjt te Hgoj` oj suhg jumadrs ay tgd

@mdroh`j Bevdrjmdjt iurojb tgd hgès wgohg adb`j wotg tgd Lue-

mojt`jb Qdveutoej*

Xemd dvdjtu`nny bòjdi ` ruiomdjt`ry ljewndibd '0/ ef tgd a`soh

hùsds ef tgd treuand tg`t w`s dji`jbdrojb `nn nofd `ji prepdrty oj

@so`. j`tovd `s wdnn `s ferdobj< `ji '1/ tg`t tgdy. fer tgos vdry fuji`-

mdjt`n rd`sej. wdrd sdjt D`st te pretdht @mdroh`j novds `ji prepdrty

oj tg`t pdrsostdjtny druptojb `rd` oj tgd Erodjt* Ygdor t`sl w`s jet te

ojtdrfdrd wotg iemdstoh ioffohuntods ef tgd Hgojdsd. aut te prdvdjt tgdsd

frdqudjt eutard`ls frem ojtdrfdrojb tee brd`tny wotg tgd `htovotods ef

@mdroh`j f`monods wge hgesd er wdrd eanobdi te rdsoid oj tg`t `nmest

hejst`jt i`jbdr zejd oj tgd F`r D`st*

Ygos pretdhtoej ef ferdobj novds `ji prepdrty adh`md ` h`thg-

pgr`sd `mejb tgd ojgàot`jts ef Hgoj` iurojb tgd H`jtej-ojspordi

rdvenutoej wgohg swdpt jertgw`ri evdr tgd djtord heujtry adjd`tg

tgd Brd`t R`nn. frem 0?16 te 0?17* Rotg semd easdrvdrs. tgos erio-

j`rony sdroeus ausojdss ef eur mdj oj ujoferm adh`md ljewj `s tgd

pretdhtoej ef 0* & p* er novds `ji prepdrty `s usu`n. iej"t yeuljew*

Ygd fobgtojb mdj fdnn oj wotg tgd pepun`r `ttotuid ef tgd trìdrs

tew`ri tgd Hgojdsd omarebnoe `ji tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds ojvenvdi oj

tg`t surbd* Ygdy r`rdny ljdw tgd hùsds ef tgd turmeon wgohgareubgttgdm ej tgd nejb vey`bd te tgd Erodjt. ndt `nejd ujidrsteei tgd r`hds

ef ydnnew-slojjdi. sn`jt-dydi pdepnds `reuji tgdm* Ygdrd os jetgojb

eii oj tg`t n`hl ef hemprdgdjsoej ay mdj oj tgd J`vy er M`rojd

Herps* Oj tgd forst pn`hd. tgdors w`s hdrtòjny jet te rd`sej wgy*

Ygdor e`tg te tgd fn`b `ji tgdor ewj heujtry w`s aut te ie er iod*

Ygdsd mdj gì jet tgd snobgdst ojtdrdst oj tgd hùsd ef Hgoj`"s treu-

41



X8

ands* Ygd m`keroty wdrd ` g`ppy-be-nuhly net ef mdj. wotgeut ` h`rd

oj tgd werni* Ygd teur ef iuty eut Hgoj`-w`y w`skust

`jetgdr

`ssobjmdjt wgohg mìd tgd nofd ef ` seniodr. sòner er M`rojd se

`p-pd`nojb te mdj wge wdrd rem`jtoh. sdjtomdjt`n er jòvd djeubg te

neel fer ` tgronn ay keojojb up* Ygdy wdrd n`rbdny ojtdjt ej t`lojb

tgdor fuj wgdrd tgdy feuji ot hùsds ad i`mjdi* Ygdy wdrd

str`jbdrs oj ` str`jbd n`ji. `ji tg`t w`s djeubg*

Ye hema`t tgos ljew-jetgojb ndtg`rby `mejb tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds

J`vy oj tgd F`r D`st iurojb tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej. `j effohdr

àe`ri tgd T* X* X* Hojhojj`to ossudi `

momdebr`pgdiMdmer`jium

te fdnnew-effohdrs `ji djnostdi mdj oj eur fnddt ej tgd ""Hgoj` Xt`toej%0

Ygd Hojhojj`to w`s fn`bsgop ef ` hruosdr squìrej rusgdi te Hgoj`

iurojb tgd gdobgt ef tgd treuand oj tgd sprojb ef 0?12* Ygd sostdr

sgops wdrd hruosdrs T* X* X* Qohgmeji `ji tgd T X* X* Mdmpgos*

Ygdy wdrd sdjt eut te rdojferhd tgd jerm`n strdjbtg ef eur @so`toh

fnddt oj tgesd àjerm`n tomds*

Oj ìiotoej. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds gì twe aeiods ef M`rojds `t

Xg`jb-gò tgdj tgd 9tg `ji 6tg Qdbomdjts* Ygdor objer`jhd ef wgy tgd

Hgojdsd feubgt. dji`jbdrojb ferdobj novds `ji prepdrty. w`s àysm`n

aut. ad ot dmpg`sozdi. je merd àkdht tg`j tg`t ef tgd `vdr`bd trìdr

wge mevdi ojte ` str`jbd n`ji fer tgd usu`n rd`sej. j`mdny. te m`ld

mejdy*

Ygd Mdmer`jium w`s ossudi ay Nodut* Xt`jndy @* Kejds. ` buj-

jdry effohdr ef dxhdptoej`n ojtdnnobdjhd* Kejds resd frem tgd r`jls*

Gd w`s ` j`tur`n stuidjt. `ji p`ssdi ej gos ewj ojferm`toej te tgd

etgdrs wotg gom oj tgd Hgoj` ìvdjturd* Ygd eutnojd ef gostery

wgohg tgd Nodutdj`jt b`vd w`s ` hemprdgdjsovd stuiy ef tgd sotu-

`toej oj tgd Erodjt* Gd b`vd ` tguma-jòn sldthg ef tgd rd`sejs fer

eur bevdrjmdjt"s ojtdjsd ojtdrdst oj 0?12 oj idvdnepmdjts `mejb

tgd Hgojdsd r`hds* Gd h`nndi ot. Eur Mossoej te Hgoj`. `ji oj `

fdw weris teni wg`t tg`t mossoej w`s* Ygd ujoqud Mdmer`jium

fennews. oj ots djtordty;

ETQ MOXXOEJ YE HGOJ@

Ye tgd hrdw ef tgd T* X* X* Hojhojj`to;

Ot os `pprepro`td `t tgos tomd te `hquòjt yeu `nn wotg tgd

eakdht ef eur hruosd te Hgoj`* Eur mossoej os te pretdht tgd novds



49 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

`ji prepdrty ef @mdroh`j hotozdjs. `ji ay rdhoprehoty. wd pretdht

tgd novds ef etgdr ferdobjdrs*

_eumobgt

`sl;-

0* Rg`t `rd @mdroh`j hotozdjs ieojb oj Hgoj`5

1* Rgy iej"t tgdy nd`vd Hgoj` of tgdor novds `rd oj i`jbdr5

8* Rg`t brodv`jhd g`vd tgd Hgojdsd `bòjst ferdobjdrs5

9* Rg`t heujtrods `rd p`rtohun`rny ojvenvdi. `ji wg`t wonn

ad eur rdn`toejs wotg tgdm ujidr tgd prdsdjt ioffohuntods5

4* Rg`t heujtrods `rd oj symp`tgy wotg tgd Hgojdsd oj tgdor

prdsdjtst`ji5

6* H`jjet tgd Hgojdsd bevdrjmdjt g`jind tgdor ewj `ffòrs5

Ygdsd sddm te ad tgd neboh`n qudstoejs noldny te `rosd oj

tgd mojis ef tgesd wge `rd jet `hquòjtdi wotg tgd sotu`toej

oj tgd F`r D`st* Oj rdpny tgdrdte. tgd fennewojb dxtr`hts frem

v`roeus seurhds. heupndi wotg forst g`ji ljewndibd ef tgd Hgojdsd

qudstoej b`tgdrdi iurojb sdvdj yd`rs ef iuty ej tgd Hgoj` st`-

toej. sgeuni djnobgtdj yeu `s te wgy tgd ferdobjdr os pdrsostdjt

oj gos ojtdrdst te bdt Hgoj` ej gdr fddt*

@s ` rdsunt ef tgd dxpdrodjhd ef ejd Kegj Ndiy`ri ef Hej-

jdhtohut wotg tgd H`ptòj Heel Dxpdiotoej te tgd S`hofoh. tgd

forst sgop te sòn frem @mdroh` te djb`bd oj trìd wotg @so` w`s

tgd Dmprdss ef Hgoj` Ndiy`ri rdturjdi frem tgd jertgwdst

he`st ef @mdroh` wotg sterods ef tgd fur trìd adojb h`rrodi ej

wotg H`jtej* Gd teni ef trìdrs auyojb furs fer soxpdjhd wgohgseni oj H`jtej fer )033* Ygdsd t`nds ojtdrdstdi mdrhg`jts ef

Aestej `ji Jdw _erl se tgd Dmprdss ef Hgoj` w`s fottdi eut

`ji sòndi fer H`jtej ej Fdaru`ry 11. 0279* Xgd rdturjdi M`y

01. 0274*

Ygd rdturj ef tgd Dmprdss ef Hgoj` hrd`tdi semdwg`t ef `

sdjs`toej* @ rdpert ef tgd hruosd te eur Srdsoidjt hejtòjdi tgd

st`tdmdjts tg`t tgd @mdroh`js wdrd trd`tdi `s a`ra`ro`js* Dvdjtei`y. `mejb tgd onnotdr`td Hgojdsd. wd `rd rdfdrrdi te `s ferdobj

idvons* @mdroh`js `ji Durepd`js g`vd `nw`ys addj ujwdnhemd

prespdhters oj Hgoj`* Tjton tgd yd`r 0791 H`jtej w`s tgd ejny

pert ef Hgoj` epdj te ferdobj trìd< `ji tgd mdrhg`jts wge

`ttdmptdi te ie ausojdss wotg tgd Hgojdsd suffdrdi m`jy oj-

kustohds* Ygd ferdobjdrs mìd dvdry dffert te hemd te frodjiny



RG_ RD @QD OJ HGOJ@ 44

tdrms wotg tgd Hgojdsd. yodniojb te Hgojdsd ùtgeroty `s hor-

humst`jhds idm`jidi*

Oj 0710 `sd`m`j.

Fr`jhos Ydrr`jev`. frem `j @mdroh`j

sgop eut ef A`ntomerd. w`s turjdi evdr te tgd Hgojdsd fer puj-

osgmdjt fer tgd lonnojb ef ` Hgojdsd aumae`t wem`j* Ygd

pujosgmdjt fer snùbgtdr ujidr Hgojdsd n`w w`s ejny ` sm`nn fojd*

@s `j ojioh`toej ef tgd prdkuiohd `bòjst ferdobjdrs. Ydrr`jev`

w`s str`jbndi wotgeut dvdj ` gd`rojb*

Tjton 0793. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Bevdrjmdjt effdrdi nottnd er

jepretdhtoej

te eur hotozdjs oj Hgoj`* Xojhd tgdj. gewdvdr. wd

g`vd djtdrdi ojte trd`tods wotg tgd Hgojdsd `ji adhemd ojtdrdstdi

`ji ojvenvdi oj F`r D`stdrj `ffòrs. `nejb wotg etgdr Sewdrs

wge `rd hempdtoters oj tgd hemmdrho`n fodni*

Kegj Puojhy @i`ms. oj ` ndhturd oj 0790. adferd tgd M`ss-

`hgusdtts Gosteroh`n Xehodty. sòi ; Ygd fuji`mdjt`n projhopnds ef

tgd Hgojdsd Dmpord `rd `jto-hemmdrho`n* Ot ìmots je eanob`toej

te geni hemmdrho`n ojtdrheursd wotg etgdrs. Otuttdrny

idjods

tgd dqu`noty ef etgdr j`toejs wotg otsdnf. `ji dvdj os ojidpdjidjt

Ot genis otsdnf te ad tgd hdjtdr ef tgd tdrr`qudeus bnead. dqu`n te

tgd gd`vdjny gest. `ji `nn etgdr j`toejs wotg wgem ot g`s `jy

rdn`toejs. penotoh`n er hemmdrho`n. `s eutsoid. troa`n a`ra`ro`js.

rdvdrdjtny suamossovd te tgd wonn ef ots idspetoh hgodf* Ot os upej

tgos projhopnd. epdjny `vewdi `ji ojfndxoany mòjtòjdi. tg`t tgd

projhop`n

m`rotomd j`toejs efDurepd

fer sdvdr`n hdjturods. `ji

tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds ef @mdroh` frem tgd tomd ef tgdor `hljewn-

dibdi ojidpdjidjhd. g`vd addj hejtdjt te geni hemmdrho`n ojtdr-

heursd wotg tgd Dmpord ef Hgoj`* Ot os tomd tKo`t tgos djermeus

eutr`bd upej tgd robgts ef gum`j j`turd. `ji upej tgd forst

projhopnds ef tgd robgts ef j`toejs sgeuni hd`sd*

Ygd hùs ef tgd w`r os tgd lewtew. tgd `rreb`jt `ji

ujsuppertànd prdtdjsoejs ef Hgoj`tg`t sgd wonn geni

hemmdrho`nojtdrheursd wotg tgd rdst ef m`jloji. jet upej tgd tdrms ef dqu`n

rdhoprehoty. aut upej tgd ojsuntojb `ji idbrìojb ferms ef rd-

n`toej adtwddj neri `ji v`ss`n*

@i`ms w`s Xdhrdt`ry ef Xt`td `t tgd tomd ef Ydrr`jev`"s

dxdhutoej. `ji wdnn ujidrsteei tgd Hgojdsd `ttotuid tew`ri

ferdobjdrs*



46 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Oj 0791. tgd Yrd`ty ef J`jlojb 'Arotosg/ prevoidi fer tgd

epdjojb ef tgd perts ef Feehgew. Jojbpe. @mey `ji Xg`jbgò

fer tgd

purpesds

ef trìd*

Ygd forst @mdroh`j Hemmossoejdr. rdsoidjt oj Hgoj`. w`s

H`nda Busgojb* Gd ndft tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds wotg idtòndi ojstruh-

toejs `ji wotg tgd ùtgeroty te m`ld ` trd`ty te rdbun`td trìd*

@ftdr tgd sobjojb ef tgd Yrd`ty ef J`jlojb. Djbn`ji adnodvdi

tg`t Husgojb"s mossoej weuni ad fruotndss* Gewdvdr. gd prevdi

gomsdnf `j ànd iopnem`t `ji wej sdvdr`n hejhdssoejs frem Hgoj`

wotgeutojtomoi`toej*

Husgojb"s trd`ty.ljewj `s tgd

Yrd`tyef

R`jbgò. hejtòjs tgd iehtrojd ef dxtr`tdrrotero`noty. evdr wgohg

tgdrd g`s rdhdjtny addj muhg ioshussoej* Ygd tdxt ef tgd `r-

tohnds wotg rdfdrdjhd te dxtr`-tdrrotero`n robgts os `s fennews ; Xua-

kdhts ef Hgoj` wge m`y ad buonty ef `jy hromoj`n `ht tew`ri

hotozdjs ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds sg`nn ad `rrdstdi `ji pujosgdi ay

tgd Hgojdsd ùtgerotods `hheriojb te tgd n`ws ef Hgoj`. `ji hoto-

zdjs ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds wgem`y

hemmot`jy

hromd oj Hgoj`

sg`nn ad trodi `ji pujosgdi ejny ay tgd hejsun er etgdr puanoh

effoho`n ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds tgdrdte ùtgerozdi `hheriojb te tgd

n`ws ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. @ji. `nn `rtohnds oj rdb`ri te robgts.

wgdtgdr ef prepdrty er pdrsej. `rosojb adtwddj hotozdjs ef tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji Hgoj` sg`nn ad suakdht te tgd *kurosiohtoej ef.

`ji rdbun`tdi ay. tgd ùtgerotods ef tgdor ewj bevdrjmdjt* @ji

tgos `rtohnd `nse ìis;u`ji `nn hejtrevdrsods

ehhurrojboj Hgoj`

adtwddj tgd hotozdjs ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji tgd suakdhts ef

`jy etgdr bevdrjmdjt sg`nn ad rdbun`tdi ay tgd trd`tods dxostojb

adtwddj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji suhg bevdrjmdjts. rdspdhtovdny.

wotgeut ojtdrfdrdjhd ej tgd p`rt ef Hgoj`* Yg`t ujton tgd Hgo-

jdsd n`ws `rd iostojhtny mìd ljewj `ji rdhebjozdi. tgd pujosg-

mdjt fer wrejbs hemmottdi ay ferdobjdrs upej tgd Hgojdsd er

etgdrs sg`nn jet adbrd`tdr

tg`j tgdor`ppnohàonoty

te tgd nold

effdjsd ay tgd n`ws ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds er Djbn`ji< jer sg`nn

`jy pujosgmdjt ad ojfnohtdi ay tgd Hgojdsd ùtgerotods upej `jy

ferdobjdr ujton tgd buont ef tgd p`rty sg`nn g`vd addj fòrny `ji

id`rny prevdj*

Oj ir`ftojb tgos trd`ty. Busgojb dvoidjtny gì oj moji tgd

f`meus Ydrr`jev` h`sd* Etgdr Sewdrs jew g`vd tgd s`md



^V G _ R D @ Q D O J H G O W @

42

`brddmdjt wotg Hgoj`* Ygd Yrd`ty ef R`jbgò prevoidi `nse

fer tgd robgt ef @mdroh`j hotozdjs te dstànosg rdsoidjhds oj trd`ty

perts* Ygus. tgd

Yrd`tyef

R`jbgòm`rldi tgd djtr`jhd ef

tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds ojte F`r D`stdrj penotohs*

Oj `nn eur id`nojbs wotg Hgoj` wd g`vd djid`verdi te fennew

iopnem`toh hg`jjdns r`tgdr tg`j monot`ry* Ygd prdsdjt ujrdst

os ay je md`js eur forst dxpdrodjhd wotg tgd `jto-ferdobj fddnojb

oj Hgoj`* Iurojb tgd Yòpojb Qdadnnoej oj 0748 tgd w`nndi hoty

ef Xg`jbgò h`md ojte tgd pessdssoej ef tgd rdadns* Ygd hustems

geusd w`s neetdi `ji tgdOmpdro`n

Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjtseubgt

`ssost`jhd oj tgd supprdssoej ef tgd rdadns* Rgond ot g`s `nw`ys

addj tgd penohy ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds jet te ojtdrfdrd wotg tgd

ojtdrj`n penotohs ef ` j`toej. wd hejsdjtdi te hejhdrtdi `htoej ef

tgd trd`ty Sewdrs oj rdjidrojb `ssost`jhd te tgd Ompdro`n Bev-

drjmdjt ef Hgoj`* Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds teel je p`rt oj tgd `ffòr

adhùsd ef eur ewj hovon w`r `t gemd* Ygd Yòpojb Qdadnnoej

djidioj

0768oj f`ver ef tgd

Ompdro`nBevdrjmdjt*

Ej `hheujt ef tgd herruptjdss ef Hgojdsd effoho`ns `ji `s `

bu`r`jtdd fer ne`js mìd ay tgd trd`ty Sewdrs. `nn rdvdjud os

henndhtdi `t tgd trd`ty perts ay tgd Hgojdsd M`rotomd Hustems.

wgohg os effohdrdi ay tgd Sewdrs*

Oj 0?18. Xuj _`t-sdj. wge w`s tgdj tgd ndìdr ef tgd H`j-

tejdsd. tgrd`tdjdi te sdozd tgd hustems geusd `t H`jtej `ji

henndht

t

gos ewj+" rdvdjud* Ygd Sewdrs s`wte ot

tg`t gos oj-

tdjtoejs ioi jet m`tdro`nozd* Ygd wrotdr w`s prdsdjt `t H`jtej

ej tgos ehh`soej* Xuj ossudi ` st`tdmdjt te tgd dffdht tg`t. wgond

tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd mobgt dxpdht ` sdheji N`f`ydttd. tgd Sewdrs

hejhdjtr`tdi mdj-ef-w`r `t H`jtej te prdvdjt gom frem t`lojb

evdr wg`t gd adnodvdi wrdrd gos kust robgts* Ygd Sewdrs heuni

jet yodni te Xuj _`t-sdj"s idm`ji wotgeut voen`tojb tgdor trd`ty

wotgtgd

Sdlojb Bevdrjmdjt* Xuj w`sjet

rdhebjozdi`s oj

`jyw`y hejjdhtdi wotg tgd Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt*

Ygd H`jtejdsd. wotg tgdor rdhdjt suhhdssds. `rd jew oj hejtren

ef `nn tgd trd`ty perts seutg ef `ji `nejb tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr*

Dvdj tgeubg tgdy `rd oj hejtren tgdy h`jjet henndht tgd rdvdjud.

iud te tgd trd`tods wgohg dxost adtwddj tgd Sewdrs `ji tgd rdh-

ebjozdi Sdlojb Bevdrjmdjt* Ygos prevelds tgd `jto-ferdobj



YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

fddnojb* Xgeuni tgd H`jtejdsd evdrtgrew tgd Sdlojb Bevdrj-

mdjt. tgdy wonn je ieuat jdbeto`td fer tgd meiofoh`toej ef dxostojb

trd`tods* Ot os tgd epojej ef m`jy herrdspejidjts tg`t tgd

Sewdrs wonn jet hejsdjt te tgd àreb`toej ef dxtr`-tdrrotero`noty

robgts* @nse. tg`t tgd adst senutoej te tgd Hgojdsd qudstoej os

tgd `ppeojtmdjt ef ` heujhon er hemmossoej. dxpdrt oj bevdrj-

mdjt`n erb`joz`toej. te stròbgtdj eut tgd bevdrjmdjt oj Hgoj`*

@jetgdr `jto-ferdobj idmejstr`toej teel pn`hd oj 0?33 wgdj

` sdhrdt sehodty. ljewj `s tgd Aexdrs%" sòi te g`vd addj oj

hennusoej wotg tgd M`jhgu Bevdrjmdjt. `tt`hldi tgd ferdobj ndb`-

toejs `t Sdlojb `ji m`ss`hrdi j`tovd Hgrosto`js `ji ferdobj mos-

soej`rods* Ygd Ndb`toej bu`ris wdrd ujànd te g`jind tgd sotu-

`toej. se ` ferhd ef 0?.333 treeps hempesdi ef Arotosg. @mdroh`j.

Qusso`j. Frdjhg `ji Bdrm`js. ìv`jhdi ej Sdlojb* Ygos `ffòr

hest tgd Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt )882.433.333* Ygd oidmjoty ndvodi

ay tgd Sewdrs w`s )243.333.333. aut tgreubg tgd beei effohds

ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. ot w`s rdiuhdi*

Ygd id`tg ef tgd Dmpdrer oj 0?37 g`stdjdi tgd evdrtgrew ef

tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty* Xuj _`t-sdj erb`jozdi ` rdvenutoej`ry

p`rty oj 0?03 `ji adh`md tgd ndìdr ef ` mevdmdjt fer ` bev-

drjmdjt ay tgd pdepnd* Ygos mevd w`s suhhdssfun. `ji Ir* Xuj

àioh`tdi gos ndìdrsgop oj 0?00 oj f`ver ef _u`j Xgo-lò. wge

suasdqudjtny adh`md tgd forst Srdsoidjt ef tgd Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh*

_u`j w`s hejfrejtdi wotg ` vdry ioffohunt t`sl. fer jdotgdr gd

jer gos `sseho`tds gì tgd dxpdrodjhd jdhdss`ry fer tgd dstànosg-

mdjt ef ` stànd fdidr`n bevdrjmdjt* Iurojb tgd erb`joz`toej ef

tgd Hàojdt semd iossdjsoej idvdnepdi rdb`riojb tgd rdprdsdjt`-

tovds ef tgd prevojhds* Oj 0?06. ` mevdmdjt w`s st`rtdi te

àenosg tgd Qdpuanoh `ji rdturj te ` mej`rhgy* _u`j Xgo-lò

w`s te adhemd Dmpdrer* Ygos stdp mdt wotg woid eppesotoej

tgreubgeut tgd heujtry* Xuj _`t-sdj sdt

up

` Srevojho`n Bev-

drjmdjt oj H`jtej `ji st`rtdi `jetgdr rdvenutoej`ry h`mpòbj

tg`t g`s addj `htovd dvdr sojhd*

Xuj _`t-sdj w`s tordndss oj gos dfferts te bòj ferdobj rdheb-

jotoej. aut w`s ujsuhhdssfun* @ftdr tgd Sewdrs anehldi gos pn`js

te t`ld evdr tgd H`jtej Hustems oj 0?18. gd `hhdptdi tgd òi `ji

heujsdn ef Xevodt Qusso`* Ygd prep`b`ji` `ji `htovoty ef Qdi



RG_ RD @QD OJ HGOJ@ 4?

Qusso` g`s prdvòndi `mejb tgd H`jtejdsd ferhds fer tgd p`st

tgrdd yd`rs* Qusso`. `j euth`st se f`r `s werni penotohs os hej-

hdrjdi. os tgd

ejny heujtry`nnodi te tgd H`jtejdsd `ji os

`bot`-

tojb tgd `jto-ferdobj fddnojb oj Hgoj`*

@ stuiy ef @mdroh`j p`rtohop`toej oj Hgojdsd `ffòrs hnd`rny

ojioh`tds tg`t wdrd ot jet fer tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. Hgoj` weuni

jet ad djkeyojb tgd sevdrdobj robgts sgd g`s tei`y*

Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds Bevdrjmdjt `ji etgdr Durepd`j Sewdrs.

g`vojb iud rdb`ri fer tgd rdhebjotoej ef trd`tods mìd `hheriojb

te tgd n`ws ef j`toejs. `rd

rdprdsdjtdi`t

Xg`jbgò rdìyte usd

ferhd. of jdhdss`ry. te djferhd eur trd`ty robgts* Ygd ferhds ef

tgd v`roeus prevojho`n w`r neris. voz* Hg`j Lò-sgdl 'Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl/ ef tgd H`jtejdsd. Ru Sdo-fu. ef tgd Hdjtr`n Bevdrj-

mdjt< Hg`jb Yse-noj. ef tgd M`jhguro`js. `ji Fdjb _u-gso`jb.

tgd se-h`nndi Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n%" `rd `nn mdrhdj`ry* Ygdy `rd

eftdj iosney`n `ji wonn fobgt fer `jyejd wge os ànd te p`y tgdm

`ji fddi tgdm* Merd eftdj tgdy rdhdovd tgdor p`y tgreubg tgd

provondbd ef neetojb*

Ygd j`toej`n sporot ef tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd g`s addj idvdn-

epdi. wrotds Ir. Rdnnojbtej Lee te tgd Arotosg Ndb`toej `t

Sdlojb* Sdrg`ps se. aut ot weuni ad f`r adttdr tg`t tgos j`-

toej`n sporot ad iordhtdi `bòjst tgd t`htohs ef tgd Hgojdsd w`r

neris wge `rd. `ji h`j ad dxpdhtdi te prevd ` furtgdr mdj`hd

te tgd

erb`joz`toej

ef tgd Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt. tg`j tew`ri tgd

ferdobjdrs wge `rd `jxoeus te sdd ` stànd bevdrjmdjt `t Sdlojb*

Ygd Arotosg `ji @mdroh`j Bevdrjmdjts g`vd aetg dxprdssdi

` idsord fer tgd meiofoh`toej ef dxostojb trd`tods* Rd h`jjet

id`n wotg rdadns*

Xummojb up tgd ojferm`toej hejtòjdi oj tgos tgdsos. tgd

`jswdrs te tgd epdjojb qudstoejs `rd;

0* @mdroh`j hotozdjs `rd oj Hgoj` djb`bdi oj ndbotom`td trìd

ay robgt ef trd`ty*

1* Rgond trd`tods h`nn fer tgd pretdhtoej ef novds ef eur j`-

toej`ns. wd tendr`td tgd `htoejs ef tgd Hgojdsd rdadns* Eur

hotozdjs neel te us fer pretdhtoej* Xemd dxprdssoejs ef

epojoej weuni g`vd us adnodvd tg`t oj eridr te idm`ji

eur robgts `s @mdroh`js hotozdjs. wd sgeuni rdmòj wotgoj



YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

tgd aeuji`rods ef eur heujtry* Ygd prespdroty ef eur

j`toej os feujidi ej eur hemmdrho`n rdn`toejs wotg tgd

rdst ef tgd werni* Oj eridr te mòjtòj eur j`toej`n

prdstobd. hemmdrho`n ojtdrdsts rdquord tgdor rdprdsdjt`tovds

te dstànosg rdsoidjhds oj ferdobj heujtrods* Ygdy sgeuni

`t nd`st ad pretdhtdi `bòjst r`ho`n `ji rdnoboeus prdkuiohd.

`ji pretdhtdi `bòjst tgd n`ws ef ` heujtry wgdrd tgd ness

ef ` gum`j nofd os eftdj jet rdheridi*

8* Meidrj Hgoj` adnodvds tgd dxostojb trd`tods te ad ujdqu`n

`ji ujkust*

Ygdy ferbdt

tgd f`ht tg`t tgd j`toej`n ojidatdi-

jdss ef Hgoj` os oj tgd jdobgaergeei ef ejd aonnoej ienn`rs*

9 @nn ef tgd Sewdrs ef Durepd. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji K`p`j.

`rd hejhdrjdi oj tgd prdsdjt sotu`toej oj Hgoj`* Ygdy `rd

`nnodi oj tgd idtdrmoj`toej tg`t tgd ferdobj Xdttndmdjt `t

Xg`jbgò sg`nn jet ad iosturadi*

4* Jejd aut Qdi Qusso`* Xgd os tryojb te ir`b Hgoj` iewj

te gdr ndvdn

6* Hgoj` g`s jet prevdj gdrsdnf ànd te g`jind gdr ewj iof-

fohuntods* Ygd Bevdrjmdjt os a`jlrupt*

'XOBJDI/ Xt`jndy @* Kejds.

Nodut*. T* X* J*

Ygos iehumdjt tdnns ots ewj stery `ji `jswdrs tgd qudstoejs oj

any tàun`tdi ferm. wgohg `nn heuni rdì. bovdj tgd idsord* Fdw gì

vdj tg`t. ef heursd< prefdssoej`n fobgtdrs r`rdny h`rd te bdt se iddpny

otdrdstdi oj tgd suakdht jd`rdst tgdm* Ygd Nodutdj`jt"s Mdmer`jium.

ndrdferd. ioi aut nottnd beei etgdr tg`j te sgew `j dxhdptoej`nny hnd`r

ohturd ef tgd a`soh rdn`toejs adtwddj tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds `ji tgd

`hds frem àreì

+ + +

Xemdtomds tgd `ftdrjeej suj sgejd tgreubg tgd br`y ef Fdaru`ry"s

neuis tg`t newdrdi mest i`ys oj tgd wojtdr ef 0?12-17 evdr tgd

Vg`jbpee Qovdr fn`ts* Rgdj ot ioi. tgd r`ys sdt `bnew tgd aur-

osgdi hurvds ef ` sonvdr hup ej ` idsl oj ` heni stejd auoniojb oj tgd

s`rt ef Xg`jbgò Ygdj sp`ttdrdi sujnobgt. areldj ojte myroì tojy

n`fts. arobgtdjdi tgd dyds ef tgd m`j oj ujoferm `t tgd idsl. `ji gd

oeldi `t tgd nevojb-hup wotg ìmor`toej `ji proid* Ygd m`j w`s

30 G* H* I`vos. hemm`jiojb effohdr ef tgd Feurtg Qdbomdjt. Tjotdi



R G _ R D @ Q D O J H G O J @

60

Xt`tds M`rojd Herps. st`toejdi oj Xg`jbgò* Ygd auoniojb w`s gos

gdìqu`rtdrs* Ygd hup aerd tgos ojshroptoej ;

Srdsdjtdi te tgd FeurtgQdbomdjt. Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojd

Herps. ay M`ker-Bdjdr`n K* Iujh`j. Hemm`jiojb Arotosg Xg`jb-

gò Idfdjsd Ferhd. `s ` mdmdjte ef eur frodjiny heepdr`toej oj

Xg`jbgò. 0?12-17*

Ygd Iujh`j Hup w`s prdsdjtdi te tgd Feurtg Qdbomdjt ej

K`ju`ry 02. 0?17. `t Henejdn I`vos" gdìqu`rtdrs* Bdjdr`n Iujh`j.

wge n`tdr adh`md M`ker-Bdjdr`n Xor Kegj Iujh`j `ji wge rdturjdi

te Djbn`ji `ftdr jd`rny ` yd`r"s sdrvohd oj Hgoj`. prdsdjtdi ot gomsdnf

`s ` pdrsej`n teldj ef `pprdho`toej ef tgd frodjisgop `ji heepdr`toej

wgohg dxostdi adtwddj tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg idfdjsd ferhds oj tgd

F`r D`st* Ygd Bdjdr`n gì `ppd`rdi ej tgd merjojb ef tgd prdsdj-

t`toej `t tgd @mdroh`j M`rojd gdìqu`rtdrs. uj`hhemp`jodi ay `jy ef

gos st`ff* Oj gejer ef tg`t dvdjt. ` funn hemp`jy ef M`rojds gì addj

prdsdjt wotg rofnds. stddn gdnmdts `ji nobgt m`rhgojb dquopmdjt* Ygd

rdbomdjt`n a`ji `jitgd

M`rojdfofd

`ji irum herps gì t`ldj p`rt*

Bdjdr`n Iujh`j gì addj bovdj twe ruffnds `ji fneurosgds wgohg gd

r`tdi `s ` M`ker-Bdjdr`n*

Kust `hress tgd reem. f`hojb Henejdn I`vos" idsl. `jetgdr trepgy

steei. `nse wej oj frodjisgop* Ot w`s ` fn`bst`ji ad`rojb ` sonvdr

pn`qud. `ji ej ot w`s tgd ojshroptoej ;

Srdsdjtdi te tgd Feurtg Qdbomdjt. Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojd

Herps ay tgd Forst A`tt`noej. tgd Brddj Gew`ris. te Hemmdm-er`td Ygdor Xdrvohd Yebdtgdr oj Xg`jbgò. 0?12*

Ygd hrdst ef tgd Brddj Gew`ris. ` Arotosg rdbomdjt. w`s `t tgd

aettem ef tgd pn`qud. `ji tgd M`rojd hrdst. wotg ots mette. Xdmpdr

foidnos. w`s djbr`vdi `t tgd tep* Ygd @mdroh`j fn`b `ji tgd Feurtg

Qdbomdjt"s heners wdrd hressdi. oj tgd st`ji*

Ygreubgeut tgesd d`rnodr mejtgs tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg `ji

etgdr idfdjsd ferhds heepdr`tdi oj ` rdm`rlànd sporot ef frodjisgop*

Ygd J`toejs `nnodi oj tgd Brd`t R`r oj Durepd `bòj gì te pn`hd

fobgtojb ferhds oj tgd fodni. tgos tomd oj Hgoj`* @ji tgd m`jjdr oj

wgohg tgdy werldi tebdtgdr `ji fermdi n`stojb frodjisgops w`s tgd

suakdht ef muhg f`verànd hemmdjt eut D`st* Rgdj tgd Brddj

Gew`ris ndft fer Djbn`ji. tgd effohdrs ef tgd @mdroh`j M`rojds oj

Xg`jbgò b`vd tgdor effohdrs ` f`rdwdnn iojjdr oj tgd @mdroh`j Hnua.



61 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

tgd jobgt ef Idhdmadr 17* 0?12 @s tgdy idp`rtdi ej ae`ri ` tr`js-

pert ej K`ju`ry 6. 0?17. tgdrd w`s ` hemp`jy ef @mdroh`j M`rojds

iewj te sdd tgdm eff. `ji tgd M`rojd A`ji turjdi eut fer tgd ehh`-

soej* Ygd Yemmods"+ `ji tgd _`jls wdrd auiiods*

Ygd s`md sert ef sporot w`s jetohdànd oj tgd twe j`vods iurojb

tgd djtord yd`r oj Hgoj`* Rgond tgdrd w`s je ferm`n `rr`jbdmdjt

hevdrojb tgd suakdht. @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg. `ji etgdrs tee. oj hem-

m`ji ef j`v`n vdssdns up tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr. teel ot upej tgdmsdnvds

oe pretdht tgd novds `ji prepdrty jet ejny ef tgdor ewj j`toej`ns. aut

ef etgdr ferdobjdrs `s wdnn* Ygd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt w`s ` strolojb

dx`mpnd ef tgd sporot ef heepdr`toej tg`t w`s `pp`rdjt tgreubgeut*

Ot wonn ad rdh`nndi tg`t @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg idstreydrs `t J`jlojb

fordi wgdj h`nndi upej ay rdfubdds `sgerd oj i`jbdr ef tgdor novds tg`t

sprojb ef 0?12* Dvdry i`y tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg hemm`jiojb

effohdrs hejfdrrdi tebdtgdr* Ygd K`p`jdsd `nse `ttdjidi* @ntgeubg `

Arotosg effohdr. H`ptòj Djbn`ji. w`s tgd supdroer j`v`n effohdr prdsdjt

`t tgd tomd. wgdj Nodut -Hemir Qey H Xmotg. Kr*. hemm`jiojb tgd

T X* X* Je`. rdqudstdi gos pdrmossoej te ford forst of jdhdss`ry. H`p-

tòj Djbn`ji rdìony br`jtdi ot*

@ji jew. oj tgd w`rireem ef tgd T* X* X* Je` tgdrd os ` adù-

tofun sonvdr hob`rdttd aex. suotàny djbr`vdi. prdsdjtdi te tgd idstreydr

jet te tgd hemm`jiojb effohdr. gos effohdrs er `jy etgdr ojiovoiu`n.

aut te tgd Je` ay tgd Arotosg w`rsgop. G* M* X* Dmdr`ni* Oj

tgd w`rireem ef tgd Dmdr`ni st`jis ` n`rbd sonvdr hehltòn sg`ldr*

Ot w`s tgd boft te tgd Arotosg sgop frem tgd Je`* @nrdìy ` trìotoej

g`s `rosdj ; tgd sg`ldr jdvdr os te ad usdi dxhdpt wgdj `j effohdr frem

tgd T* X* X* Je` hemds ej ae`ri tgd G* M* X* Dmdr`ni*

Ygdsd `rd aut ` fdw ef tgd ojhoidjts sgewojb tgd heepdr`toej `ji

sporot ef frodjisgop wgohg m`rldi tgd rdn`toejs ef tgd @mdroh`j `ji

Arotosg ferhds oj Hgoj`* Ygd f`ht tg`t Bdjdr`n Iujh`j `ji tgd n`td

@imor`n M`rl N* Arosten. hemm`jiojb tgd @mdroh`j j`v`n ferhds

oj tgd Erodjt. wdrd `nse hnesd pdrsej`n frodjis sgeuni ad rdm`rldi*

Fennewojb tgdor effoho`n h`nns. tgd Arotosg Bdjdr`n `ji tgd @mdroh`j

@imor`n wdrd eftdj tebdtgdr `t seho`n fujhtoejs. `ji Bdjdr`n Iujh`j

w`s frdqudjtny ` budst `t tgd Xg`jbgò rdsoidjhd ef @imor`n `ji Mrs.

Arosten* Ygos pdrsej`n iopnem`hy. tgosbdttojb te ljew tgd mdj ef

etgdr j`toejs oj hg`rbd ef tgd `ffòrs ef tgdor pdepnds. prdvoeusny id-

mejstr`tdi oj Yurldy. `bòj m`rldi @imor`n Arosten `s `j ujusu`n



R G _ R D @ Q D O J H G O J @

68

`ji eutst`jiojb j`v`n m`j wge. ot w`s woidny `brddi. fottdi oj pdr-

fdhtny wotg gos kea oj tgd Erodjt oj tgesd tryojb i`ys*

Ojrdn`tojb tgdsd ojhoidjts O g`vd ioshussdi

ejny

tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds `ji Arotòj adhùsd tgdsd twe j`toejs gì tgd n`rbdst idfdjsd

ferhds oj Hgoj` iurojb 0?12* Ot must jet ad tgeubgt tg`t tgd etgdr

Sewdrs rdprdsdjtdi wdrd jet `nmest `s frodjiny* Gewdvdr. spd`lojb

etgdr n`jbu`bds. tgdor mdj ioi jet adhemd `s wdnn `hquòjtdi `s ioi

tgd Arotosg `ji @mdroh`js* @ji. `bòj. g`vojb sm`nndr ferhds. tgdrd

w`s nottnd ehh`soej fer tgd ojiovoiu`n ujots ef tgd Frdjhg. fer dx`mpnd.

er tgd Ot`no`js er etgdrs te werl tebdtgdr ojtom`tdny

@ stuiy ef tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg ferhds oj 0?12-17 ioshnesds

tg`t `ntebdtgdr tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds gì. `hheriojb te effoho`n foburds.

9.8?? effohdrs `ji mdj oj tgd M`rojd Herps oj Hgoj`. 0.333 @rmy

effohdrs `ji mdj. `ji tgd usu`n hempndmdjt ef Tjotdi Xt`tds J`vy

bujae`ts. idstreydrs `ji etgdr mdj-ef-w`r oj tgd Hgoj` Xt`toej.

tebdtgdr wotg tgrdd hruosdrs sdjt eut te ùbmdjt jerm`n j`v`n strdjbtg*

Ygdsd wdrd tgd nobgt hruosdrs Hojhojj`to. Qohgmeji `ji M`randgdì.

ujidr hemm`ji ef Qd`r-@imor`n K* Q* _* An`ldny* Ygd Arotosg

idfdjsd ferhd oj Xg`jbgò w`s hut te 9.433 effohdrs `ji mdj*

Ygd @mdroh`j strdjbtg oj Hgoj` ef jd`rny 9.433 M`rojds oj 0?12-

17 w`s tgd brd`tdst oj tgd gostery ef eur rdn`toejs wotg tgd D`st* Ygd

Feurtg Qdbomdjt. ndss tgd Xdheji A`tt`noej. dma`rldi fer Hgoj` `t

X`j Iodbe ej Fdaru`ry 8. 0?12. àe`ri tgd T* X* X* Hgòtmejt* Ygdy

`rrovdi oj Xg`jbgò ej Fdaru`ry 19 ef tg`t yd`r* Ygd rdbomdjt

rdmòjdi àe`ri tgd sgop ujton M`rhg 10. tgd i`y tgd J`toej`nosts

h`pturdi Xg`jbgò. wgdj tgd mdj wdrd eridrdi `sgerd te pretdht

@mdroh`j novds `ji prepdrty* Ygd Xoxtg Qdbomdjt 'mojus tgd Ygori

A`tt`noej/. tgd Ygori Arobìd Gdìqu`rtdrs `ji Gdìqu`rtdrs Hem-

p`jy. `ji tgd Ygori Arobìd Xdrvohd Hemp`jy. ejd a`ttdry ef tgd

Ydjtg @rtonndry `ji ` M`rojd @vo`toej squìrej sòndi frem X`j

Iodbe ej ae`ri tgd tr`jspert Gdjidrsej ej @pron 2. 0?12. fennewojb

` rdqudst fer rdojferhdmdjts* Oj tgd md`jtomd. Arob*-Bdj* Xmdindy I*

Autndr `rrovdi. n`jiojb tgd i`y `ftdr tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt*

Etgdr ìiotoejs wdrd mìd sgertny `ftdr tgd Gdjidrsej sòndi*

Ygd p`ssdjbdr nojdr Srdsoidjt Br`jt w`s hg`rtdrdi fer usd `s ` tr`js-

pert `ji sòndi @pron 02 fer tgd Sgonoppojds wotg tgd Ygori A`tt`noej

ef tgd Xoxtg Qdbomdjt `ji tgd Xdheji A`tt`noej ef tgd Feurtg Qdbo-



69 YGD IQ@ BEJ XYOQX

mdjt. tebdtgdr wotg tgd Forst A`tt`noej ef tgd Ydjtg @rtonndry 'ndss

ejda`ttdry/. ejd nobgt t`jl pn`teej. tgd Foftg Hemp`jy Djbojddrs.

`ji p`rt ef `jetgdr M`rojd `vo`toej squìrej* Ygd rdst ef tgos `vo`-

toej squìrej w`s pohldi up `t Bu`m `ji tgd vdssdn prehddidi te

Enejb`pe. jd`r M`jon`* Ygd mdj wdrd gdni tgdrd oj rdsdrvd `ji

suasdqudjtny areubgt te Xg`jbgò* Ygd Feurtg M`rojds g`vd rd-

mòjdi tgdrd dvdr sojhd* Ygd rdst ef tgd Ygori Arobìd w`s sgoftdi

te Yodjtsoj oj Kujd. wgdrd ot w`s st`toejdi ujton wotgir`wj* Bdjdr`n

Autndr. wge os jew idì. mìd Yodjtsoj gos gdìqu`rtdrs*

Ygd M`rojds fdnn ojte rdbun`r djh`mpmdjt reutojd muhg `s tgeubg

tgdy wdrd oj X`j Iodbe er `jywgdrd dnsd. `soid. ef heursd. frem tgd

ojoto`n jevdnty ef tgdor surreujiojbs* Ygd mdj wdrd bovdj dvdry

eppertujoty te bdt `nn tgdy heuni oj tgd w`y ef `j diuh`toej eut ef tgdor

teur ef iuty+" oj Hgoj` ay sobgt-sddojb* @ji tgdy gì tgdor sperts

`ji `musdmdjts tgdrd `s oj @mdroh`* Ygd M`rojd ir`m`toh hnua b`vd

ehh`soej`n pn`ys oj tgd J`vy _* M* H* @* Ygd mdj gì a`sldta`nn

td`ms. pn`ydi feeta`nn `ji etgdr sperts `ji wdjt oj fer aexojb m`thgds

wgohg wdrd `ttdjidi ay hovono`js `ji mdj oj ujoferm. `nold* YgdM`rojd A`ji pn`ydi fer v`roeus ferm`n `ji seho`n `ffòrs. `ji semd

ef tgd musoho`js fermdi ` i`jhd erhgdstr` tg`t w`s pepun`r `ji eftdj

pn`ydi `t tgd Henumao` Heujtry Hnua td`-i`jhds* Oj tgd summdr

Xg`jbgò gì ` a`sda`nn nd`bud. `ji tgd M`rojds" td`m `nw`ys w`s

`mejb tgd adst*



OJ YGD V@NND_ EF YGD _@JBY[D

XGEQYN_`ftdr Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl h`pturdi J`jl-

lojb `ji sdt tg`t `jhodjt hoty up `s tgd jdw H`pot`n ef Hgoj`. O

wdjt up tgd _`jbtzd-lo`jb te G`jlew. oj tgd gd`rt ef tg`t w`r-

rojb n`ji* Ygd lo`jb p`rt ef tgd j`md md`js rovdr. `ntgeubg tgos

rd`nny os vdry nottnd nold tgd w`y tgd Hgojdsd tgdmsdnvds prejeujhd ot

tgd weri seujis merd nold bo`jb. wotg ` g`ri B. wgdj speldj ay `

Hgojdsd* Rgy wd spdnn ot wotg ` L os `jetgdr Hgojdsd puzznd*

Ygd _`jbtzd os ejd ef tgd nejbdst. woidst. iddpdst `ji mest

trd`hgdreus strd`ms ej d`rtg* Ot frdqudjtny evdrfnews. fneeiojb tgd

pn`hoi heujtrysoid fer monds ujton tgd v`nndy rdsdmands `j ojn`ji sd`.

sterm-tessdi `ji `jbry* Ygd Hgojdsd t`ld suhg dvoidjhd ef tgd

ujf`tgemànd h`prohds ef tgd rovdr bei oj rdsobjdi er pgonesepgoh`n

m`jjdr; `s ` wgom ef tgd dndmdjts. evdr wgohg tgdy g`vd je hejtren*

Xe tgdy `hhdpt ot wotg ` sgrub. aury tgdor idì. `ji rdauoni tgdor

iosm`jtndi gemds `ji tewjs wgohg tgdy rd`nozd must ad idstreydi

`bòj `jetgdr i`y* Ygdrd `rd fneei hejtren mevdmdjts. aut tgdy g`vd

fòndi te `hhempnosg muhg* Tjton rdhdjt yd`rs tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds

heuni jet ad pdrsuìdi dvdj te try te st`ji oj tgd w`y ef `j ojdxerànd

bei. adjt ej moshgodf* Ygdy fdnt. `ji stonn fddn. tg`t te ie se os te

rosl `j dvdj brd`tdr vdjbd`jhd*

Ygd _`jbtzd rdmòjs ujaroibdi te tgos i`y* Frem tgd seurhd

te ots areì meutg `t tgd sd`. tgdrd os je aroibd `hress ots ompdtueus

hurrdjt* Hejstruhtoej ef ejd os jet ejny pregoaotovd adhùsd ef tgd

h`sgeutn`y ojvenvdi.

aut ot os stonn teei`jbdreus

`kea

oj struhtur`n

djbojddrojb*

Ygd sozd `ji pewdr ef tgd _`jbtzd m`y ad br`spdi wgdj ot os

ljewj tg`t mdj-ef-w`r `s n`rbd `s tgd 03.333-tej T* X* X* Hojhojj`to.

` sd`-beojb nobgt hruosdr. jet ejny h`j aut ie hruosd robgt up tgd

hdjtdr ef Hgoj` `nejb tgos rovdr"s iddp hg`jjdn* Ygd Hojhojj`to spdjt

tgd summdr ef 0?12 `t G`jlew. gdr bujs ìiojb tgdor pretdhtoej te

64



66 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

tgesd ef bujae`ts ej tgd hustem`ry T* X* _`jbtzd S`tren oj adg`nf ef

@mdroh`j novds `ji prepdrty up tgd rovdr* Ygd hruosdr w`s prd-

vdjtdi fremrdturjojb

te tgd sd` ay new w`tdr iurojb tg`t get. fdtoi

summdr oj tgd G`jlew `rd`* O w`s tgdrd iurojb tgd dxhotojb i`ys `t

tgd dji ef tgd Qusso`j @ivoser`td oj tgd sd`t ef tgd rdvenutoej wgdj

Mol`n Aereioj `ji gos hemrìds fndi*

My forst trop up tgd _`jbtzd w`s mìd oj tgd n`ttdr p`rt ef tgd

sprojb ef 0?12*+ @ nottnd rovdr std`mdr. tgd X* X* Neejbwe. epdr`tdi

ay ` Arotosg j`vob`tojb `ji trìojb hejhdrj. mìd tgd trop wotg ` hej-

vey ef ferdobj w`r-hr`ft. ojhnuiojb @mdroh`j idstreydrs*

Ygd _`jbtzd `t tg`t pdroei oj Hgoj`"s w`rrojb gostery w`s tgd

iovoiojb nojd adtwddj treeps ef tgd Luemojt`jb `ji tgesd ef tgd

Jertgdrj w`r neris* Frem tgd strd`m"s fn`t a`jls tgdy teel pet-sgets

`t d`hg etgdr `ji `t us f @ Hgojdsd hewprìerd. er hndrl. gì addj

lonndi ay ` str`y sget ej tgd prdvoeus trop. `ji tgos areubgt tgd w`r

gemd te tgd hrdw `ji te us* Je ejd w`s gurt ej eur trop. `ntgeubg

wd wdrd ehh`soej`nny ujidr ford*

My fonds sgew jetds `ji hepods ef iosp`thgds wgohg O sdjt a`hl

wgond ej tg`t hruosd ojte tgd gd`rt ef Hgoj` `ji gdr rdvenutoej* Ygdy

`rd rdpreiuhdi gdrd te bovd `j oid` ef wg`t tgd vey`bd w`s nold te `

broffoj 'ndss tg`j ` yd`r oj Hgoj`. `ji `jyejd os ` broffoj te `j eni

Hgoj`-g`ji/. nold mysdnf* Oj ` sdjsd ot w`s nold ` Frdjhgm`j"s

hruosojb up tgd Mossossoppo ej ` Frdjhg ae`t. hejveydi ay Frdjhg

w`r-hr`ft fer mest ef us `mejb tg`t sgop"s hemp`jy hdrtòjny wdrd

jet Hgojdsd.

Omprdssoejs te my dioter fennew;

_`jbtzd Qovdr X.drohs Je 0*

EJ AE@QI YGD XYD@MDQ NEEJBRE. @pron 13*

F`r `w`y. gobg `moi tgd meujtòjs ef Yoadt. tg`t eni f`tgdr ef

por`tds. tgd _`jbtzd. adbojs ots rennohlojb. ponn`bojb heursd tgreubg

+O gì addj ^votg Ygd Tjotdi Srdss @sseho`toejs ej ` rdtòjdr a`sos* Ygdy

idhoidi oj Jdw _erl te lddp tgd pest tgdrd tgdj ` p`rt-tomd `ssobjmdjt* Ot

w`s n`tdr mìd ` rdbun`r Aurdù* Frdidrohl Meerd. hgodf ef Ygd Jdw _erlYomds st`ff oj tgd F`r D`st. gì `nrdìy effdrdi ` aonndt `s funn tomd herrd-

spejidjt wotg tgdm. `ji ujidr tgd horhumst`jhds O w`s ferhdi te `hhdpt* R`ntdr

Iur`jty h`md `hress Xoadro` frem Meshew `ji w`s st`toejdi tg`t summdr oj

Sdlojb* Frdidrohl Meerd rdmòjdi `s hgodf `t Xg`jbgò< `ji O hempndtdi tgos

tgrdd-w`y hevdr`bd sdt-up ay beojb te G`jlew `ji rdpertojb tgd idhnojd ef tgd

Qdis tgdrd* N`tdr. wgdj Mr Meerd `ji Mr Iur`jty ndft. O adh`md tgd hgodf

herrdspejidjt oj Hgoj` fer Ygd Jdw _erl Yomds. rdmòjojb ujton n`td oj 0?1?*



OJ YGD V@NND_ EF YGD _@JBY[D 62

Hgoj` te wgdrd. ydnnew wotg neetdi seon. ots areì meutg. jd`r

Xg`jbgò. dtdrj`nny fnojbs ots sebby a`jiot"s auridj ojte tgd sd`*

Nd`pojb meujtòj strd`ms. ndosurdny troaut`rods oj nejb v`nndys

`ji. oj tgd fn`t newn`jis. hrddls `ji tojy rovundts sddpojb te tgdor

ndvdn. hemaojd te àdt `ji strdjbtgdj tgd areì-hgdstdi eni aro-

b`ji tg`t dx`hts troautd frem g`nf ef @so`*

@ m`jtnd ef rem`jhd. tgohl `s tgd sonldj fenis ef `j epundjt

M`ji`roj"s he`t. goids tgd he`rsd foburd ef tgos reaadr rovdr* Ot

h`jjet ad sddj `s ot os* Ygd _`jbtzd must dvdr ad vdondi oj

trìotoej* Xtd`mojb `nejb ots muiiy heursd adtwddj ots fn`t.

hemmejpn`hd a`jls. ejd h`jjet aut rdmdmadr tgd t`nds ef ots

gostery< tg`t tgos rovdr g`s. tgdy s`y. ruj rdi wotg tgd aneei ef

`jhodjt w`rroers `nmest `s eftdj `s ots benidj fneei g`s swdpt

`jbrony evdr tgd newn`jis oj tgd sprojb< tg`t oj tgd pnd`s`jt nofd

ef Hgoj`"s d`rny hunturd. berbdeus prehdssoejs. rohg oj spndjier

wotg tgd arehìd `ji ydnnew beni ef petdjt`tds `ji projhdssds.

aeaadi `nejb tgos gobgw`y< tg`t oj tomds ef hejqudst. stdrj w`r-

hr`ft. m`jjdi ay s`v`bd mdj frem adyeji tgd gonns te tgd wdst.

h`md iewj te r`v`bd `ji hejqudr `ji tgd ojvìdrs t`rrodi.

`ji wdrd àseradi*

Ygd _`jbtzd. prdiemoj`jtny hrudn. prevds loji te semd*

Xwddpojb `hress tgd newn`jis oj fneei tomds. tgd rovdr. sprdìojb

g`veh oj ots p`tg. nd`vds ` h`rpdt ef fdrtond sont. `ji tgesd wge

survovd `rd bnì* Ygdy prespdr*

Srespdrojb. tgdy seubgt m`rldts fer tgdor preiuhts* Oj turj.

tgdy fermdi ` m`rldt fer etgdr preiuhts. tgdsd `brohuntur`n mon-

noejs oj tgd _`jbtzd V`nndy. `ji oj ndss tg`j ` hdjtury trìdrs

frem tgd Rdst g`vd auont up ` sturiy hemmdrhd wotg tgdsd

pdepnd*

R`r g`s `bòj terj `t tgd gd`rt ef tg`t hemmdrhd* Qdvenu-

toej adbojjojb oj H`jtej g`s swdpt jertgw`ri. `ji tgd _`jbtzd

tei`y os ` nojd ef idm`rh`toej adtwddj tgd jertg `ji tgd seutg*

Qovdr p`hldts stonn pny ` i`jbdreus trìd up tgd _`jbtzd* Ygd

jumadr ef rovdr std`mdrs os brewojb stdìony ndss* Ygd m`rldts

up-heujtry `rd iunn `ji st`bj`jt Ygd Hgojdsd `rd `fròi te auy*

Ygd `rmods. forst ejd `ji tgdj `jetgdr. hejfosh`td wg`tdvdr tgdy

idsord* Ygd rdvenutoej os hestny*

M`jy mdj-ef-w`r frem j`toejs àreì `rd pnyojb tgd _`jb-



67 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

tzd tei`y. oj dvdr ojhrd`sojb jumadrs* Mdrhg`jtmdj g`vd bovdj

w`y. oj tgd mòj. te w`rsgops ejhd merd* Xtdrj br`y hr`ft

dshert rovdr std`mdrs

up

`ji iewj tgd _`jbtzd. fer seniodrs ef

tgd jertg `ji ef tgd seutg ford ojioshromoj`tdny ej `nn sgoppojb*

Ot os jet. tgdrdferd. wotgeut ` fddnojb ef ìvdjturd tg`t ejd

ae`ris ` rovdr std`mdr tgdsd i`ys `ji dma`rls fer G`jlew. `s O

ioi n`st jobgt* Xg`jbgò. tg`t wohldidst hoty. tgdy s`y. oj Hgoj`.

os s`fd adgoji tgd nojds ef mdj `ji a`radi word djt`jbndmdjts

`s s`fd `s Jdw _erl otsdnf heuni ad. se f`r `s `tt`hl frem tgd

Hgojdsd os hejhdrjdi* Xg`jbgò. aunbojb wotg pdepnd. rdfubdds

frem dvdrywgdrd oj tgd ojtdroer. os wdnn bu`ridi* Ygd ferdobjdr

oj Hgoj` `t prdsdjt os. estrohg-nold. goiojb gos gdì oj tgd s`ji*

Ygd pdepnd ef Xg`jbgò `rd roiohundi ay tgd ferdobjdr wge novds

ojn`ji* Ygdsd mdj peojt eut tgd futonoty ef dxostdjhd. hemmdr-

ho`nny. oj Hgoj` of ejny ` hoty nold Xg`jbgò os gdni* Ot"s tgd aeiy

ef trìd tgdy weuni s`vd*

Mdj nold tgdsd ojn`ji trìdrs lddp tgd rovdr std`mdrs ruj-

jojb* Soejddrs oj hemmdrhd. tgdy be ojte tgd heujtry `ji sdnn

tgd Hgojdsd beeis `nw`ys ej ` h`sg a`sos oj tgdsd treuandi

tomds. te ad surd. aut tgd peojt os tg`t tgdy sdnn preiuhts frem

àreì `ji prdvdjt trìd frem iyojb* Ygdrd `rd twe ef tgdsd

mdj ej ae`ri. tea`hhe mdrhg`jts ej tgdor w`y te Rugu te

stròbgtdj eut tgdor effohd tgdrd `ji te sddl te h`rry ej idspotd

tgd rdvenutoej* Ejd os `j @mdroh`j. tgd iostroht m`j`bdr frem

J`jlojb< tgd etgdr os Arotosg* Ygd n`ttdr g`s addj oj Hgoj` eff

`ji ej fer soxtddj yd`rs* Gd os typoh`n ef tgdsd trìdrs. spd`ls

tgd n`jbu`bd oj g`nf ` iezdj io`ndhts. g`riy. ` aob fdnnew. `fròi

ef jetgojb* Gd g`s kust hemd eut ef Sdjbpu. gd sòi. beojb

jertg ay tròj te Yodjtsoj `ji tgdjhd seutg te Xg`jbgò ay ae`t*

@ji tgdj. stròbgt `w`y a`hl ojte tgd tgohl ef ot* Gos dxpdro-

djhds weuni fonn ` n`rbd venumd*

Ygd Neejbwe. shgdiundi te sòn `t moijobgt n`st jobgt.

foj`nny bet ujidr w`y `t àeut tgrdd e"hnehl tgos merjojb* Ygd

Arotosg sòners ej bu`ri frem tgd fn`bsgop G`wlojs p`trennojb

tgd iehl `ji tgd std`mdr. wgond ojsprojb ` fddnojb ef hemp`r`tovd

s`fdty. `nse wdrd hejst`jt rdmojidrs tg`t tgos trop up-rovdr w`s

jet dx`htny tgd s`fdst tgojb oj tgd werni kust `t prdsdjt* O w`s

surprosdi te foji tgd std`mdr jd`rny funn* @ str`jbd pdrsej oj



OJ YGD V@NND_ EF YGD _@JBY[D 6?

my hàoj wotg md spd`ls ejny Qusso`j `ji ` fdw. ` vdry fdw.

weris ef Bdrm`j* Ygdrd `rd. `s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht. àeut ` iezdj

Qusso`js ejae`ri.

`nn aeuji fer

G`jlew<feur er fovd Hgojdsd

oj forst hàoj< my twe tea`hhe mdrhg`jt frodjis. ` Hemm`jidr

R`ri hemojb eut frem Djbn`ji te t`ld ` pest ej tgd Arotosg

hruosdr Vojiohtovd jew `t G`jlew< `ji ` H`tgenoh prodst*

Hn`madrojb ojte my aujl sgertny `ftdr moijobgt. O w`s seej

`snddp. idspotd tgd sgronn hrods ef tgd wg`rf heenods `ji tgdor

st`hh`te sojb-sejb hg`jt `s tgdy neìdi h`rbe ojte tgd geni* Ygd

ge`rsdan`st ef tgd

feb gerj `w`ldjdi md sdvdr`n geursn`tdr* O

pddrdi eut ojte tgd mosts* Ygd i`wj w`s ird`r* Sg`jtem sgops

iroftdi snewny p`st oj tgd sdmo-twonobgt ef tgd jdw i`y* O sndpt

ujton moimerjojb `ji tgdj. iezojb. nostdjdi te tgd str`jbd jeosds

`reuji md ; tgd swosg ef swornojb w`tdr `bòjst tgd sgop"s soids<

tgd new gum ef tgd djbojds< semdejd oj tgd s`neej pn`yojb

Ygdrd"s ` Nejb. Nejb Yròn @-wojiojb< veohds ej tgd premdjìd

idhleutsoid<

sj`thgds ef hejvdrs`toej; neelsprdtty aì.*

* *

H`jtejdsd g`vd addj.* * * ausojdss * * * tdrroand * * * i`jbdreus

* * * bnì tgdsd w`rsgops `rd8

+* * * *

O wdjt eut ej idhl* Rd wdrd stuhl oj tgd mui* Ygd toid

w`s beojb eut* Ywe etgdr sgops `ji ` rovdr bujae`t wdrd

sobgtdi eff eur stdrj. sddj iomny tgreubg tgd most* Ygd woji

andw ` b`nd* Ywe geurs n`tdr wd bet eff semdgew. `ftdr djindss

m`jduvdrojb* Ygdetgdr vdssdns gì

bejd`gdì ` nottnd `ji

wòtdi fer us* O. fer ejd. w`s bnì te g`vd tg`t @mdroh`j buj-

ae`t `nejb* Eur breup ef feur sgops 'wd pohldi up `jetgdr

iurojb tgd `ftdrjeej/ mìd snew spddi* Ejd sgop heuni ejny ie

dobgt ljets. `ji tg`t gdni a`hl tgd wgend prehdssoej*

Ygd i`y werd ej* Hemm`jidr R`ri. tgd twe tea`hhe

mdrhg`jts `ji mysdnf. `ji. oj ` w`y. tgd Sìrd%" tgrewj merd

er ndss tebdtgdr ay eur hemmej ojtdrdsts `ji n`jbu`bd. fermdi` aot ef ` hnoqud* Ygd Sìrd. ` nottnd hg`p wotg gerj-rommdi

spdht`hnds. w`s ferdvdr pddrojb `t tgd sgerd tgreubg ` pòr ef

aojehun`rs* Gd `jjeujhdi àeut tgrdd e"hnehl tgd sobgtojb ef

` breup ef Hgojdsd w`rsgops*

Ygdrd wdrd feur ef tgdm oj `nn* Ygd @mdroh`j bujae`t

Sd`ry. wgohg gì addj kust `nejbsoid tgd Neejbwe. sgevdi `gdì



23 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

` nottnd `s wd irdw jd`r* Ygd Hgojdsd. fnyojb tgd H`jtejdsd fn`b.

wdrd nojdi up oj ` rew* Ygd pn`hd os ljewj `s tgd Hressreìs.

ot adojb `t tgd meutg ef ` troaut`ry te tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr* D`hg

ioppdi gdr fn`b oj rdpny te eur s`nutd ef ` somon`r j`turd `s wd

p`ssdi* Ygos w`s tgd ejny dvoidjhd ef w`r tgd wgend i`y nejb*

@soid frem eur hejvey `ji tgdsd sgops. `ji tgd f`ht tg`t eur

std`mdr g`s qu`rtdr-ojhg orej pn`tds nojdi up `nn `reuji tgd idhl

`s `rmer `bòjst ford frem dotgdr sgerd. wd mobgt `s wdnn g`vd

addj std`mojb up tgd Mossossoppo Qovdr* Jet ` seniodr ioi wd

sobgt `nn tgd forst i`y up tgd rovdr*

_`jbtzd Qovdr Xdrods Je* 1*

EJ AE@QI YGD X* X* NEEJBRE. _`jbtzd Qovdr.

@pron 10* @ m`j j`mdi G* H* Fdnnojb wge g`s addj. gd s`ys.

oj Hgoj` fer merd tg`j soxtddj yd`rs. eff `ji ej. s`t `t iojjdr

ej tgos std`mdr n`st jobgt `ji pòjtdi `s iosm`n ` pohturd ef tgd

Hgojdsd pdepnd `s ejd heuni wdnn om`bojd*

Ygd m`j. ` tea`hhe mdrhg`jt aerj oj Nejiej `ji oj tgd

dmpney ef `j @mdroh`j erb`joz`toej. speld ef hrudnty ioffohunt

te hejhdovd* Gd teni t`nds ef tgd gdnn tgd Rgotd Qusso`j seniodrs

g`vd addj tgreubg < ef Hgojdsd seniodrs wge. t`lojb etgdr Hgojdsd

`ji Qusso`js prosejdrs. g`vd sdt tgdor h`ptovds `fn`md `ftdr

peurojb ldresdjd evdr tgdor hnetgojb*

Ejd pepun`r mdtgei ef terturd. gd sòi. os ljewj `s

bovojb tgd vohtom "tgd tgeus`ji huts*" Mdj `rd hut `nn evdr tgdor

aeiods. d`hg hut tee sm`nn te ad f`t`n aut djeubg te ad dxhddi-

ojbny pòjfun* Ygd vohtoms novd fer i`ys < semdtomds. adferd tgdy

foj`nny foji rdnodf oj id`tg*

O g`vd `nse sddj wemdj terturdi gerroany. tgdor ard`sts

hut eff. semd vohtoms aurjdi. ejd slojjdi `novd* _eu g`vd je

oid` wg`t os beojb ej oj tgd ojtdroer iurojb tgdsd w`rs* Ot os

frobgtfun*

Rg`t tgd wemdj ef Hgoj` g`vd suffdrdi. gd s`ys. tgd werni

wonn jdvdr ljew* Ygdy must suffdr wotgeut pretdst. tgdsd Hgo-

jdsd metgdrs ef tgd mdj wge ponn`bd tgdor ewj pdepnd frem ejd

yd`r"s dji te tgd jdxt*

Ygdy kump oj tgd wdnns oj fr`jtoh dfferts te dsh`pd tgd




seniodrs. Fdnnojb sòi* Eftdj. wd g`vd addj ujànd te bdt w`tdr

adhùsd tgd wdnns g`vd addj funn ef idì wemdj `ji hgonirdj*

Ygd mdrhg`jts jdvdr ljew wgdj tgdy m`y jdxt nesd tgdor

djtord stehl* O ljew ef ejd m`j. `ji gos h`sd os typoh`n. wge

nest dvdrytgojb gd gì ejhd ` yd`r tgrdd yd`rs rujjojb* _dt

gd st`rtdi up `bòj d`hg tomd* Ot os m`rvdneus tgd w`y tgdy

stohl te ot* _dt wg`t h`j tgd peer idvons ie5

Fdnnojb idshroadi gew tgdy bdt tgdor `rmods. tgdsd Hgojdsd

w`r neris wge g`vd addj tgd hursd ef tgd j`toej sojhd tgd 0?00

rdvenutoej*

Xuppesd. gd sòi. ""Bdjdr`n Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb w`jts 93.-

333 mdj eut ef Xg`jtujb prevojhd* Gd sdjis eut `j eridr fer

tg`t m`jy treeps* Ygd prevojhd os iovoidi ojte iostrohts* D`hg

iostroht g`s ` gdìm`j* Ygd gdìm`j ef tgd iostroht ìvosds tgd

gdìmdj ef tgd v`roeus hotods `ji tewjs `ji vonn`bds oj gos `rd`

tg`t tgdy must preiuhd se m`jy seniodrs ay ` hdrtòj i`td*

Ygd vonn`bd er hoty gdìm`j h`nns ` mddtojb ef tgd gdìs

ef `nn tgd f`monods oj gos tewj* Gd tdnns tgdm gew m`jy mdj

tgd hoty must preiuhd* Ygdj tgdy pre-r`td tgd tgojb* @ f`mony

wotg tgrdd aeys sdjis twe. ejd wotg feur sdjis tgrdd. `ji se ej*

Ygdy jdvdr t`ld ` sej of gd os tgd ejny aey oj tgd f`mony* Ygd

Hgojdsd `rd vdry stroht ej tgd f`mony systdm* Ygdrd must ad

`j gdor*

Oj ` fdw i`ys yeu g`vd yeur "`rmy" ef 93.333 mdj* Ygdy

`rd tròjdi ` vdry sgert wgond `ji tgdj sdjt ojte a`ttnd* Yg`t

os gew yeu bdt yeur "venujtddr `rmods" oj Hgoj`* Ygd seniodrs

`rd. oj tgd mòj. ojdxpdrodjhdi `ji tgdy h`j"t fobgt* Oj ` a`ttnd.

tgdy `rd `s noldny `s jet te turj `ji ruj fer ot `jy tomd tgdy

tgojl tgdy `rd bdttojb tgd werst ef ot* Ygdy g`vd je stem`hg fer

fobgtojb* Ygdy `rd `fròi* Ygdy `rd dvdj `fròi te quot tgd

`rmy* Tp `bòjst `jy rd`n eppesotoej tgdy ruj nold ràaots.

tgesd fdnnews*

Ot sddms te ad trud tg`t tgdy ie. tee* Ot os sobjofoh`jt te jetd

tg`t tgd J`toej`nost rdvenutoej g`s hemd te tgd _`jbtzd `nmest

wotgeut eppesotoej* Ygdy teel Xg`jbgò wotgeut ` strubbnd*

J`jlojb w`s dxpdhtdi te ad ` a`ttnd* Ot w`s ` Jertgdrj reut*

Ejd wejidrs wg`t weuni g`ppdj of tgd Jertgdrjdrs wdrd te fobgt



21 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

`ji woj ` vohtery* Fdnnojb adnodvds tgd Xeutgdrjdrs weuni ruj

kust `s quohlny*

Ef heursd. gd sòi. tgd J`toej`nosts `rd ` aot ioffdrdjt*

Ygdy"vd bet ` hùsd te fobgt fer* Ygdy sddm te g`vd ` nottnd merd

sporot tg`j tgd Jertgdrj seniodrs*

Fdnnojb g`skust hemd eut ef Sdjbpu. jertg ef J`jlojb ej tgd

Sulew-Yodjtsoj rònw`y nojd* Gd sòi tgd Jertgdrjdrs g`vd

neetdi tg`t hoty tgereubgny* Ygd nessds `rd djermeus te Hgo-

jdsd `s wdnn `s te ferdobj forms. gd sòi*

_`jbtzd Qovdr Xdrods Je* 8

EJ AE@QI YGD X* X* NEEJBRE. _`jbtzd Qovdr.

@pron 10* O ojtdrvodwdi tgd n`st wgotd wem`j oj Hgojlo`jb te-

i`y* Xgd os Mrs* A* M* Xmotg. `j @mdroh`j. tgd wofd ef `

Xt`ji`ri Eon Hemp`jy m`j wge os h`rryojb ej oj Hgojlo`jb*

Mrs* Xmotg ioij"t g`vd muhg te s`y* Xgd sòi ot os jet

i`jbdreus oj Hgojlo`jb* Jet `s muhg `s ejd mobgt tgojl.

`jyw`y* Xgd `ji Mr* XmotgAdtty `ji Aruhd. tgdy `rd. `

g`ppy yeujb pòr m`rrodi jet vdry nejb novd ej ` nùjhg kust

`nejbsoid tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon ojst`nn`toej oj Hgojlo`jb* Ygdrd osj"t

` wgotd m`j. wem`j er hgoni ej sgerd*

Rd iej"t g`vd suhg ` aì tomd. Mrs* Xmotg sòi* Rd

ljew `nn tgd J`vy mdj gdrd. `ji wd usu`nny iojd ej ae`ri tgd

@mdroh`j bujae`t* Ot rd`nny osj"t `s aì `s yeu mobgt tgojl*

Jet se beei. dotgdr. `t tg`t. `ji sgd nùbgdi ` aot* Fer `

yeujb bornnold Mrs* Xmotg. Hgojlo`jb effdrs vdry fdw `ttr`h-

toejs `t prdsdjt* Ot os r`tgdr iunn jet adojb ànd te be `sgerd*

@ji tgd horhnd ef ferdobjdrs os. dvdj wotg tgd J`vy. aetg Arotosg

`ji @mdroh`j 'tgdrd w`s ejd bujae`t ef d`hg gdrd tei`y/.

r`tgdr sm`nn*

Mrs* Xmotg w`s hgodfny ojtdrdstdi oj gdr mòn* Ygd tròjs

te Xg`jbgò ruj jew `ji tgdj `ji tgd rovdr ae`ts arojb mòn

twohd ` wddl. se tgdy `rd jet se eut ef teuhg wotg tgd werni*

Xgd os frem Aojbg`mtej. Jdw _erl `ji ìmots tg`t `t tomds

sgd weunij"t moji adojb a`hl tgdrd* Ot sddmdi mest ojhejbrueus

te foji tgos born. aeaadi gòr. johd dyds `ji wd`rojb tgd n`tdst

tgojb oj ` snddvdndss spert irdss. ar`vdny stohlojb ot eut wotg

gdr gusa`ji. novojb ej ` nottnd nùjhg*




Ygd Neejbwe `rrovdi `t Hgojlo`jb sgertny `ftdr jeej tei`y*

Ygd i`y w`s pdrfdht. w`rm. tgd suj sgojojb oj ` sly idveoi

ef hneuis* @aeut 00;83 `* m* wd s`w eur forst seniodrs. ` fdw

gdrd `ji tgdrd ej tgd jertg a`jl* Ygdy wdrd M`rsg`n Xuj

Hgu`j-f`jb"s mdj. `s ejd heuni tdnn ay tgdor br`y ujoferms `ji

tgd nottnd g`ts tgdy wd`r* Ygdy `rd nold Qeaoj Geei g`ts. pd`ldi

`ji wotg sn`jtojb aonns* @nn tgdy n`hl os ` hehly nottnd fd`tgdr*

Aut tgdy ie jet neel vdry hehly. tgdsd fdnnews* Ygdy g`vd vdry

nottnd sporot. te s`y tgd nd`st* Jejd ef tgdm fordi* Fertrdssds

ej tgd seutg a`jl neeldi emojeus. tgdor bujs tròjdi ej tgd

rovdr. aut jetgojb g`ppdjdi*

Hgojlo`jb os jet ` vdry n`rbd hoty* Ot nods sh`ttdrdi `nejb

tgd w`tdrfrejt. ` geibd-peibd ef geusds evdrsgìewdi `t tgd d`st

dji ef tgd hoty ay tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon pn`jt* Rd h`md `nejbsoid

tgd K`rimd-M`tgdsej Hemp`jy"s gunl wgdrd `j eni rdsoidjt. `

Arotosg rdprdsdjt`tovd ef tgd sgoppojb hemp`jy. teni us jeaeiy

os ndft ej sgerd `t `nn* Gd. nold tgd rdst ef tgd nottnd hemmujoty.

os novojb ej ae`ri tgd gunl* @nn novd oj ae`ts*

Ywe tea`hhe mdrhg`jts ej ae`ri tgd Neejbwe ljdw tgd eon

mdrhg`jt. se O keojdi tgdm `ji reid evdr oj tgdor nùjhg te h`nn*

Xmotg. tgd eon m`j. sòi tg`t gd os stonn ieojb ` nottnd ausojdss*

Rd idm`ji h`sg ej idnovdry. gewdvdr%" gd sòi* Ejny w`y

wd h`j ie ot* Gd sòi tgdrd w`sj"t muhg te ie. aut ojsostdi

tg`t ""ausojdss os rd`nny r`tgdr beei. idspotd tgd w`r `ji eur h`sg

rdquordmdjts*

Ot sddms tg`t @mdroh`js `rd bdttojb tgd Arotosg trìd* Ygd

fddnojb `bòjst tgd Arotosg os r`tgdr gobg dvdrywgdrd. `ji tgdrd

`rd pdrsostdjt dfferts te aeyhett `nn Arotosg beeis*

Fer semd rd`sej. wd spdjt tgd jobgt oj Hgojlo`jb g`raer*

N`st jobgt wd spdjt `jhgerdi oj moistrd`m* Ygd rovdr ae`ts ie

jet. ot sddms. tr`vdn `t jobgt jew* Ot os ejny ` fdw geurs" ruj

up te J`jlojb frem gdrd aut wd wdrd ujànd te bdt ujidr w`^

d`rny djeubg oj tgd `ftdrjeej. iud te ejd tgojb `ji `jetgdr wotg

tgd bujae`ts `ji eur h`rbe< se tgd sloppdr idhoidi te rdmòj

`nn jobgt* @bòj O wdjt fer ` roid `reuji tgd g`raer wotg tgd

tea`hhe mdrhg`jts. tgos adojb `pp`rdjtny quotd s`fd idspotd tgd

w`rnold `ttotuid ef tgd J`toej`nost treeps `nejb tgd Auji* @t

iusl. wd h`nli ej tgd Xmotgs ejhd merd `ji tgdrd mdt `j



29 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

effohdr frem tgd @mdroh`j bujae`t Sùn Kejds. st`toejdi gdrd*

Gd sòi dvdrytgojb gì addj r`tgdr quodt rdhdjtny* Gos hgodf

hempnòjt. wgdj gd feuji eut wge O w`s. w`s tg`t Ygd Jdw

_erl Yomds w`s jet adojb idnovdrdi ujton `t nd`st twe mejtgs

`ftdr i`td ef puanoh`toej*

M`rto`n n`w beds ojte dffdht `t sox e"hnehl. aut wd wdrd pdr-

mottdi te st`y eut `ftdr tg`t tomd* Ygd suj s`jl `ji `ftdr `

twonobgt jet tdj mojutds nejb. i`rljdss fdnn evdr tgd g`raer*

Rd teel tgd Sùn Kejds effohdr a`hl te gos sgop `ji tgdj hgubbdi

a`hl te tgd Neejbwe fer tgd jobgt


EJ AE@QI YGD X* X* NEEJBRE. J@JLOJB. @pron

11* Rd gì eur a`ptosm ef ford tgos merjojb* Xeniodrs ej tgd

seutg a`jl `ji. ` nottnd furtgdr ej. ej tgd jertg jet f`r frem

J`jlojb. ndtfny `t us ojioshromoj`tdny* Ygdor òm. fertuj`tdny.

w`s aì* Jejd ef us w`s got. je aunndts. `s f`r `s O g`vd

nd`rjdi. strolojb `jy ef tgd std`mdrs oj eur ìvdjtureus qu`rtdt

ef feur rovdr ae`ts* Eur hejvey. tgd @mdroh`j bujae`t Sùn

Kejds. `nse w`s ujteuhgdi*

Ygd Sùn Kejds rdturjdi tgd ford frem tgd seutg a`jl wotg

` arodf spurt ef m`hgojd buj ford* Ygdrd w`s je furtgdr sgeetojb*

Ej ae`ri. jejd w`s dxhotdi. `ntgeubg tgd Hgojdsd aeys wdrd

ojhnojdi te ad ` aot frobgtdjdi* Ygdy n`y fn`t ej tgd idhl wgdr-

dvdr tgdy g`ppdjdi te ad* Ejd ydstdri`y. oj f`ht. wgdj wd

wdrd p`ssojb tgd ferts adnew Hgojlo`jb. ireppdi tgd iosgds gd

w`s sdrvojb `t tànd `ji r`j fer tgd b`nndy. tgdrd te keoj gos

fdnnews prejd ej tgd idhl* Gd dxpnòjdi tg`t tg`t w`s eridrs.

sojhd tgd Hgojdsd hemprìerd gì addj sget idì ej tgd prd-

voeus trop*

Ygd p`ssdjbdrs wdrd pdrmottdi te ie `s tgdy pnd`sdi* O rd-

mòjdi. fer tgd mest p`rt. ojsoid my hàoj iurojb tgd forojb* Xe

ioi mest ef us* @ fdw ar`vdny feenosg seuns teel ` turj àeut tgd

premdjìd idhl* Ygdy ieibdi `ftdr d`hg sget. ojvenujt`rony* Rd

wdrd. gewdvdr. prdtty s`fd ojsoid eur w`nn ef `rmer pn`td*

J`jlojb. hrewj kdwdn ef tgd _`jbtzd. n`y bnostdjojb `t jeej

oj tgd w`rm sprojb sujsgojd* Ygd g`raer. tgd Auji. Gso`-lw`j.

` suaura. `nn wdrd idsdrtdi. jet ` seun ojsobgt*




Rd std`mdi r`poiny p`st oj moistrd`m* Ej tgd jertgdrj

a`jl. tgd tewj ef Sulew strdthgdi ots r`msg`hlnd `hrd`bd gdrd

`ji tgdrd `nejb tgd rovdr* @t tg`t peojt yejidr. ` std`mdr n`y

sujl* Ot w`s tgd vdssdn. O `m teni. ej wgohg Mì`md M* Aer-

eioj. wofd ef tgd Qusso`j ìvosdr te tgd J`toej`nosts `t G`jlew.

w`s rdhdjtny t`ldj h`ptovd* Ots st`rl m`sts stuhl top ojte tgd

anud `t ` hr`zy `jbnd* Rd foj`nny adrtgdi ` mond er merd adyeji

J`jlojb oj moistrd`m* Rd wdrd eppesotd tgd Arotosg w`rsgop

Dmdr`ni. nyojb eff adtwddj us `ji tgd jertg a`jl* Ygd Tjotdi

Xt`tds bujae`t Sùn Kejds. st`toejdi `t Hgojlo`jb. rdturjdi tgdrd*

Ygd Feri punndi ojte ` adrtg kust àevd tgd Dmdr`ni* Furtgdr

ej. ` K`p`jdsd bujae`t n`y tgrdd w`rsgops oj `nn*

Ygd rd`sej wd ioi jet tod up `t J`jlojb w`s tg`t ojtdrmottdjt

forojb adtwddj J`jlojb `ji Sulew w`s beojb ej `ji ot w`s

hejsoidrdi tee i`jbdreus te rdmòj oj tgd nojd ef ford* Ygd

Jertgdrjdrs. se sòi effohdrs frem tgd Dmdr`ni wge h`md àe`ri

te sdd àeut bdttojb prevosoejs. g`vd ` beei net ef gd`vy `rton-

ndry* D`hg merjojb tgdy str`fd tgd Xeutgdrjdrs oj J`jlojb.

`ji tgd Xeutgdrjdrs rdpny* Ygd aeem ef `rtonndry heuni ad gd`ri

frem tomd te tomd `s wd nujhgdi. `ji `j ehh`soej`n r`ttnd ef

rofnd ford ìidi te tgd w`r jeosds oj tgd g`raer* Ot os ieuatfun

wgdtgdr dotgdr soid ioi muhg i`m`bd oj tgdor forojb*

J`jlojb frem tgd std`mdr w`s ujh`jjy oj ots idsdrtoej `ji

quodt* Rg`t must usu`nny ad ` ausy g`raer w`s swdpt hnd`j

dvdj ef ots s`mp`js* Ygdsd n`st sw`rmdi `reuji us `ji tgd

etgdr rovdr std`mdrs oj irevds. s`fd oj eur hemp`jy. tgd mosdrànd

heenods sddlojb ` f`rd. `nms. `jytgojb te d`rj ` fdw heppdrs*

Ygdors os ` serry pnobgt*

Sulew. ots a`hl te ` nejb. new r`jbd ef meujtòjs. w`s tee

f`r `w`y te ad sddj hnd`rny. dvdj wotg fodni bn`ssds* J`jlojb

wd heuni vodw quotd pnòjny* Ywe J`toej`nost bujae`ts. tojy fdn-

news. std`mdi snewny up tgd hrddl eutsoid tgd hoty"s w`nn* Ygdtea`hhe mdrhg`jt. wge g`s novdi oj J`jlojb. peojtdi eut tgd

pn`hds ef ojtdrdst*

Xdd tg`t geusd ej tgd gonn. `w`y a`hl tgdrd. oj nojd wotg

tg`t smeld st`hl5 Rdnn. gd sòi. tg`t"s Xehejy Geusd* Yg`t

os wgdrd tgd ferdobjdrs b`tgdrdi `ji tgd @mdroh`j `ji Arotosg

bujae`ts aema`ridi tgd pn`hd se tgdy heuni dsh`pd* Qobgt `nejb



26 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

tgdrd ej tgd jdxt gonn os tgd A@Y* geusd 'Arotosg-`ji-@mdr-

oh`j Yea`hhe Hemp`jy/. `ji furtgdr `nejb`ji gd teni md ef

pn`hds ef ojtdrdst* @nn tgdsd geusds. twe monds er merd `w`y

`hress tgd fn`t newn`jis. wdrd oj pnòj vodw frem tgd rovdr*

Ygd an`hl nojd ef J`jlojb"s hoty w`nn rujs `j ujhdrtòj heursd

fer monds `nejb tgd rovdr. pdrg`ps ` mond er se a`hl frem tgd

Auji* J`jlojb frem tgd rovdr ieds jet bovd `j omprdssoej ef

sozd er ef p`rtohun`r adùty* Ots meidrj auoniojbs oj tgd auso-

jdss sdhtoej ndji ` hdrtòj spohl-`ji-sp`j-jdss te tgd pn`hd. `ji

ots w`nn rdh`nns tgd spndjier ef `jetgdr i`y Aut dvdj se. my

omprdssoej w`s ef `jytgojb aut `wd* J`jlojb `s ` tgojb ef

adùty. sddj frem moistrd`m. wonn jet n`st ferdvdr*

Ywe yeujb Arotosg effohdrs frem tgd Dmdr`ni h`md ej ae`ri.

ejd te bdt tgd prevosoejs. tgd etgdr `ftdr tgd mòn Aetg wdrd

nìs ydt oj tgdor tddjs. resy-hgddldi aeys wotg ` sdroeus òr. johd

yeujb fdnnews. str`jbdny yeutgfun fer tgdor hgdvrejs* Ygd mdj.

eni djeubg te ad tgdor f`tgdrs. `jswdrdi wotg ` sor. te d`hg

qudry `ji wdrd hempndtdny rdspdhtfun*

Ot w`s twe e"hnehl adferd wd bet ujidr w`y `bòj. tgos tomd

`nejd* Ygd etgdr tgrdd std`mdrs gì bejd `gdì wotg eur hej-

vey* Ot sddms tgdrd os nottnd te fd`r `nejb tgd reutd adtwddj gdrd

`ji Rugu* Ygreubgeut tgd `ftdrjeej tgd seutg a`jl w`s iet-

tdi frem tomd te tomd wotg seniodrs w`nlojb àeut `moi tgdor

iojby nottnd mui-gut a`rr`hls. tg`thgdi reefs ydnnew `bòjst tgd

brddj fodnis ef bròj* Rd s`w je Jertgdrjdrs tgd wgend `ftdr-

jeej. aut tgd Jertg genis dvdrytgojb robgt up te tgd _`jbtzd.

frem `nn rdperts* Ygdy hemd te tgd rovdr wgdjdvdr tgdy pnd`sd.

t`ld ` fdw pet-sgets 'aetg soids ford ej ferdobj vdssdns wotgeut

ioshromoj`toej/ `ji be tgdor w`y `bòj*

I`rljdss gì sdttndi evdr tgd rovdr wgdj wd rd`hgdi Rugu.

ej tgd seutg a`jl. àeut dobgt e"hnehl* Eur drstwgond hem-

p`joejs gì rd`hgdi pert adferd us `ji tgdrd wdrd je adrtgs

ndft* Rd `jhgerdi oj moistrd`m `bòj fer tgd jobgt* Ygd Rugu

g`raer w`s ` ausy pn`hd wotg feur rovdr std`mdrs `rrovojb* Xob-

j`ns fn`sgdi frem tgd bujae`ts `ji tgd hruosdr H`rìeh. j`v`n

meterae`ts peppdi àeut. twe h`nnojb te ojquord `s te eur wdn-

f`rd `ji tgd Arotosg te nd`vd `j `rmdi bu`ri ej ae`ri wotg

ojstruhtoejs te lddp `nn seniodrs eff tgos sgop




Ygd fdw rdmòjojb ferdobjdrs. O nd`rjdi frem tgd effohdrs ef

tgdsd meterae`ts. `rd novojboj sgops oj tgd g`raer* Ygdy be

`sgerd iurojb tgd i`y aut rdturj `t jobgt te tgdor fne`tojb gemds*

Ygd Hgojdsd g`vd iejd ` nottnd neetojb. aut ot sddms tg`t tgdy g`vd

rdturjdi tgd Qdhrd`toej Hnua te tgd ferdobjdrs. mevojb tgd

treeps a`rr`hldi tgdrd te etgdr aonndts* @soid frem `j ehh`soej`n

dffert te ae`ri rovdr std`mdrs `ji be dnsdwgdrd. tgd J`toej`nost

treeps g`vd `pp`rdjtny hùsdi nottnd treuand* Ygrdd trodi te ie

tg`t ydstdri`y. tgd yeujb Arotosg effohdr rdm`rldi* Ygdy wdrd

snobgtny weujidi wotg a`yejdts wgond tgd sòners ojsostdi tg`t

tgdy rdmòj `sgerd*

Nobgts iewj. `jhgerdi oj moistrd`m wotg `j `rmdi bu`ri

ej ae`ri te pretdht us. eur sgop"s hemp`jy turjdi oj tejobgt

wotg ` fddnojb ef hemp`r`tovd sdhuroty* Rg`t heuni 13.333 H`j-

tejdsd seniodrs ie oj ` h`sd nold tg`t5 Jetgojb* Oj f`ht. eur

hgodf hempnòjt os n`hl ef jdws frem tgd eutsoid werni* @soid

frem ` weri gdrd `ji tgdrd frem tgdsd yeutgfun effohdrs wge

bdt ot frem tgdor j`v`n rìoe iosp`thgds `ji tgdsd jet `nw`ys

`hhur`td `ji jdvdr wotg `jy idtòn wd `rd hempndtdny hut eff*

Ygd bdjdr`n omprdssoej sddms te ad tg`t tgd Jertg hejtrens dvdry-

tgojb robgt up te tgd _`jbtzd ejhd merd `ji tg`t tgd J`toej`nosts

`rd geniojb ej te tgdor pesotoejs ej tgd seutg a`jl* Ygd Hem-

mujosts `pp`rdjtny hejtojud te geni tgd iemoj`jt pesotoej oj

G`jlew*

_`jbtzd Qovdr Xhrods Je* 4*

EJ AE@QI YGD X* X* NEEJBRE. RTGT. @pron 18*

Ygos g`s addj `j oind i`y ej ae`ri tgd Nehjbwe* Ygd heenods

g`vd addj ausy djeubg ujneìojb h`rbe `ji neìojb etgdr stuff

fer up-rovdr wotg ` tdrrofoh sgeutojb `ji ioj tgd wgend i`y nejb*

Ygd p`ssdjbdrs. ferhdi te rdmòj àe`ri. oindi àeut tgd idhl.

rdìojb `ji frdttojb `t tgd idn`y*

Ygd twe tea`hhe mdrhg`jts ndft us gdrd* Ejd. G* H* Fdnnojb.

os rdmòjojb oj Rugu* Ygd etgdr. ` hg`p frem Aestej j`mdi

Fendy. os rdturjojb te Xg`jbgò ej tgd jdxt ae`t. tgd Yuhlwe.

wgohg os iud te sòn iewjstrd`m temerrew. Xuji`y* Fendy os

t`lojb my iosp`thgds te Xg`jbgò wgdrd tgdy `rd te ad rdn`ydi*

Ygdrd os je etgdr w`y ef bdttojb tgdm eut frem up gdrd `t



27 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

prdsdjt* Hemmujoh`toejs `rd ompessoand* Dvdj of ejd heuni

bdt te tgd tdndbr`pg effohd s`fdny. ot os ieuatfun wgdtgdr tgd mds-

s`bd weuni bdt tgreubg wotgoj tgrdd er feur i`ys* @ji tgdj

ot weuni ieuatndss adsuakdhtdi

te tgd strohtdst hdjsersgop*

Ygd forst jdws ef wg`t os beojb ej `reuji us h`md tgreubg

tei`y oj tgd ferm ef ` h`raej hepy ef tgd @mdroh`j Sr.dss word-

ndss lojiny bovdj us ay tgd h`ptòj ef tgd Arotosg hruosdr gdrd.

tgd H`rìeh* Gd `nse teni us tgd jdws ef tgd untom`tum ef tgd

Sewdrs wgohg. ot sddms. g`s addj g`jidi G`jlew* Gd w`s jet

surd wgdtgdr er jet ` somon`r iehumdjt gì addj g`jidi Bdjdr`n

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `t J`jlojb* Furtgdrmerd. wd gd`ri tg`t tgd

`nnods g`vd bovdj eridrs te tgdor h`ptòjs ef tgd _`jbtzd p`tren

te rdpny wotg `nn tgdy"vd bet te `jy furtgdr forojb frem dotgdr

sgerd* Ot sddms tgdy jew ojtdji te step tgos pn`yfun g`not ef tgd

Hgojdsd seniodrs*

Ygd Neejbwe iehldi `nejbsoid tgd gunl àeut i`wj. `ji wd

wdrd `w`ldjdi te tgd `m`zojb turmeon tg`t ejny ` sm`nn a`ji

ef Hgojdsd heenods h`j m`ld* Ygd g`ridr tgdy werl tgd merd

tgdy sgeut. tgdsd fdnnews* Adbb`rs oj s`mp`js `ji ejd `htu`nny

oj `j eanejb weeidj tua wotg weeidj sgevdns fer e`rs sw`rmdi

`reuji tgd std`mdr. ìiojb tgdor sgronn hrods te tgd guaaua*

@aevd ot `nn w`s `j ehh`soej`n sgeutojb fer `nn tgd werni nold

tgd jeosd gd`ri ej `ppre`hgojb ` feeta`nn stìoum `t gemd wgdj

ejd os. gewdvdr. stonn semd anehls `w`y frem tgd b`md*

Ygos. ot turjdi eut. w`s ` seuji mìd ay hemp`jods ef H`j-

tejdsd seniodrs ironnojbej tgd Auji. jet ` gujirdi y`ris frem

eur sgop* Ygd seniodrs. wgend hemp`jods ef tgdm. sgeutdi tgdor

effohdr"s hemm`ji oj ujosej `s tgdy seubgt te dxdhutd tgd eridr*

Feur er fovd hemp`jods wdrd m`rhgojb àeut ironnojb. `ji vdry

aìny. tee* Gdrd `ji tgdrd ej tgd brddj p`rìd-breuji etgdrs

sojbny. er oj squìs ef feur er sox. st`nldi àeut ieojb tgd beesd-

stdp

Er r`tgdr. ` H`jtejdsd vdrsoej ef tg`t Bdrm`j dxdrhosd

fer treeps wgohg w`s str`jbd te easdrvd* Mest ef tgdm adjt tgd

ljdd se tg`t tgdy b`vd tgd omprdssoej ef ` horhus gersd tgd ejd

tg`t tgd rojbm`stdr tdnns tgd neh`n yeldns wonn jew dxdhutd tgd

w`ntz*

Ygd i`y g`s addj pdrfdht. hnd`r. w`rm. jet get. wotg ` heen

arddzd anewojb* Rugu. nold mest ef tgdsd rovdr tewjs. nods



OJ YGD V@NND_ EF YGD _@JBY[D 2?

strdthgdi eut `nn `nejb tgd w`tdrfrejt* Gonns rosd àruptny ad-

goji tgd hoty. `ji ej tgdor teps fojd ferdobj gemds g`vd addj

auont* Ygdsd. O `m teni. `rd jew ehhupodi ay J`toej`nost treeps*

Ferdobjdrs ie jet novd `sgerd `ji jew dvdj iurojb tgd i`ytomd

r`rdny be `s f`r `s tgd Auji* Ygdrd `rd ndss tg`j ` iezdj stonn

gdrd* Ygdy novd ej nùjhgds er gunls `nejbsoid tgd Auji* @j

`rmdi bu`ri pretdhts tgdm*

Rugu os. oj ` w`y. ` r`tgdr prdtty nottnd hoty* Ot g`s `

Hgojdsd pepun`toej ef àeut 033.333 pdrsejs* Oj jerm`n tomds.

tgdrd `rd pdrg`ps 033 ferdobjdrs novojb gdrd* Ygd hustems geusd.

jew vortu`nny oind. st`jis oj tgd hdjtdr ef tgojbs ej tgd Auji. `

hnehl ej ots tewdr tennojb tgd geurs* Adnew tgd hnehl jew os `

brd`t pohturd ef tgd n`td Dg-* Xuj _`t-sdj. feujidr ef tgd Lue-

mojt`jb* Ygd Auji `ji ejd ef tgd `vdjuds ndìojb a`hl tew`ri

tgd gonns `rd p`rto`nny sgìdi ay rews ef trdds. `j ujusu`n tgojb

oj tgos p`rt ef tgd werni* Ejd sdniem sdds ` trdd `jywgdrd `nejb

tgd _`jbtzd te G`jlew*

@ftdr toffoj 'nujhg/ O wdjt evdr te tgd gunl `nejbsoid wgohg

wd wdrd iehldi `ji t`nldi wotg tgd sgoppojb hemp`jy `bdjt

tgdrd Gos j`md os H* A* Rertndy* Gd os ` Arotosgdr. `s mest ef

tgdsd mdj `rd up gdrd* K* H`jom. ef tgd Xt`ji`ri Eon. os stonn

gdrd. `ji G* N* Mdhlndjaurbg. ` tea`hhe m`j. `nse `j @mdroh`j.

os h`rryojb ej fer tgd prdsdjt* Ygd Hemmossoejdr ef Hustems

os ` Adnbo`j. A`rej id H`rtodr*

Rertndy sòi tg`t tgdrd g`s addj je dxhotdmdjt gdrd fer semd

tomd* Gd sòi. gewdvdr. tg`t ` fdw i`ys `be ` jumadr ef sen-

iodrs `ji stuidjts h`md iewj frem G`jlew `ji st`rtdi treuand*

Eridrs h`md frem J`jlojb. frem Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. O"m teni.

te ruj tgdsd stuidjts eut ef gdrd. Rertndy sòi* Ygdy g`vd

addj nd`vojb `s f`st `s pessoand dvdr sojhd* O stonn sdd ` fdw ef

tgdm `reuji. `bot`ters fer tgd "Aensgods% _eu"rd t`lojb semd ef

tgdm ej tgd Neejbwe a`hl te G`jlew*@ji se wd `rd* Ygdrd `rd ` jumadr ef tgdsd se-h`nndi stu-

idjts wge h`md ej ae`ri `t Rugu. iewj adnew* Ygd h`ptòj

sòi tgdy h`j"t ad prdvdjtdi frem hemojb àe`ri oj wg`t `rd"

stonn. estdjsoany `t nd`st. pd`hd tomds* Of tgdy hùsd je treuand

tgdy wej"t ad mendstdi. gd sòi*

Xhgdiundi te bdt ujidr w`y `t twdnvd jeej `ji tgdj `t twe



73 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

e"hnehl. tgd Neejbwe foj`nny punndi eut `t fovd e"hnehl* @t tgd

wdstdrj dxtrdmoty ef Rugu. twe Hgojdsd bujae`ts n`y `t `jhger.

std`m up. fnyojb tgd H`jtejdsd fn`b* Rd ioi jet iop eur fn`b

tgos tomd. jer. te ad surd. ioi tgdy* Ygd jdxt step os Loulo`jb*

Rotgeut mosg`p. wd sgeuni `rrovd n`td Xuji`y `ftdrjeej te-

merrew. tg`t os ay std`mojb `nn jobgt* Rd `rd `nejd. wotgeut

hejvey er `hhemp`jyojb mdrhg`jtmdj* Tp te i`rl wd s`w je

seniodrs* @ fdw monds àevd Rugu. ej tgd seutg a`jl. wd

p`ssdi ` nottnd vonn`bd tg`t g`s addj tgereubgny neetdi* Ygd arohl

hustems geusd. v`h`jt. st`rdi `t us wotg an`jl dyds* D`hg

wojiew `ji ieer fr`md gì addj terj eut `ji h`rtdi `w`y.

nd`vojb ` k`bbdi eutnojd ef arohl*


EJ AE@QI YGD X* X NEEJBRE. LOTLO@JB. @pron

19* Ejd ef tgd p`rìexds ef tgos rdvenutoej oj Hgoj` ehhurrdi

gdrd tei`y* Ygd Hgojdsd Luemmt`jb ferdobj hemmossoejdr. `

m`j j`mdi Mr* _* [* Nodu. fnddojb fer gos nofd frem Loulo`jb.

h`md ej ae`ri tgd Neejbove `ji os adojb bovdj tgd s`fd p`ss`bd

`ji s`jhtu`ry wgohg gd idsords Oj etgdr weris. tgd ferdobjdrs

tgd Arotosg. @mdroh`j. K`p`jdsd `ji etgdr w`rsgops up-rovdr

`rd bovojb pretdhtoej te `j effoho`n ef tgd bevdrjmdjt wgesd sen-

iodrs. rdspejsoand er jet. g`vd mìd ot dssdjto`n fer tgd wgotd m`j

te dv`hu`td muhg ef Hgoj`*

Gd os tgereubgny `pprdho`tovd @ji gd idhn`rds tg`t gos p`rty.

tgd Luemojt`jb meidr`tds. w`jt tgd ferdobjdrs te st`y oj Hgoj`.

`ji gd ìis tg`t tgd J`toej`nosts `rd ieojb dvdrytgojb oj tgdor

pewdr te m`ld ot s`fd fer dvdryaeiy ojhnuiojb gomsdnf* Gd os

beojb te G`jlew ej tgd Neejbove adhùsd gd h`jjet be `jy-

wgdrd dnsd* Gd must fndd frem Loulo`jb. fer tgd rìoh`n ì-

gdrdjts `rd sdjiojb tgdor treeps tgdrd Ygdy `rd dxpdhtdi `jy

memdjt* Ygd tdndbr`pg os usdndss. Mr* Nodu s`ys. `t nd`st te gom*

Gd g`s nottnd er je jdws ef dvdjts eutsoid tgosvohojoty*

Ygd Neejbwe rd`hgdi Loulo`jb àeut feur e"hnehl tgos `ftdr-

jeej `ftdr `j ujdvdjtfun i`y* Ygd hustems nùjhg h`md `nejb-

soid* Rd `jhgerdi oj moistrd`m adhùsd tgdrd w`s je reem `t

tgd gunl* Ygd Arotosg `ji @mdroh`j idstreydrs `rd `nejbsoid. ejd

ef d`hg* Ygdrd `nse os ` K`p`jdsd hruosdr gdrd `ji `j @mdroh`j




`ji ` Arotosg bujae`t Ygd h`ptòj ef tgd Arotosg w`rsgop Roni

Xw`j h`md ej ae`ri wotg `j `rmdi bu`ri* Gd shrutojozdi tgd

p`ssperts ef tgd Qusso`js wd `rd tr`jspertojb te G`jlew `ji

tgdj ndft*

Ausojdssmdj wge h`md ej ae`ri fer ` arodf vosot sòi tg`t

tgd Hgojdsd ej sgerd `rd jejpnusdi* Ygdy iej"t ljew wgohg

w`y te turj. ot sddms. fer Loulo`jb os kust ej tgd aeridr adtwddj

tgd Qdi `ji tgd Meidr`td ojfnudjhds oj tgd Luemojt`jb* Bdj-

dr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl"s mdj wdrd stonn gdrd wgdj wd ndft* Aut

tgdy m`y jet st`y* Ygd Qdis `rd dxpdhtdi memdjt`rony. `ji

tgd etgdrs wonn preaàny rdtrd`t iewj-rovdr ujton tgdy foji rd-

djferhdmdjts* Ygd iezdj er se ferdobjdrs `rd novojb oj geusds

`nejb tgd Auji* D`hg. O `m teni. g`s ` a`b p`hldi `ji os rdìy

te m`ld ` ruj fer ` w`rsgop `nejbsoid `t ` memdjt"s jetohd* Auso-

jdss os vortu`nny jon. tgd rdprdsdjt`tovds ef tgd v`roeus hemp`jods

rdmòjojb te hnd`j up a`hl `hheujts `ji te lddp oj teuhg ujton

tgd i`y. of `jy. wgdj tgdy m`y dxpdht te foji hejiotoejs merd

jd`rny jerm`n*

Ygdrd g`s addj nottnd er je fobgtojb gdrd oj tgd n`st fdw i`ys*

Rd bet ujidr w`y `t fovd e"hnehl. eff fer G`jlew. eur jdxt step*

Mr* Nodu. ujton tgos `ftdrjeej Ferdobj Hemmossoejdr oj Lou-

lo`jb. os adojb bovdj dvdry heurtdsy ej ae`ri* Gd g`s addj pn`hdi

`t tgd h`ptòj"s tànd oj tgd iojojb s`neej. wgdrd oj gos g`ntojb

Djbnosg tgos dvdjojb gd d`bdrny teni us ef gos idsord te ad frodjiny

tew`ri ferdobjdrs. `ji tgd idsord ef tgd Luemojt`jb te ad tgd

s`md* Gos os ` r`tgdr potofun t`nd. aut gd hnojbs te tgd sonvdr

nojojb wgohg gd adnodvds. gd s`ys. os adgoji tgd prdsdjt i`rl >Zeui

ef iossdjsoej oj tgd J`toej`nost S`rty*

Rd must put eut tgd Hemmujosts.+" Mr* Nodu teni us* Ygos

spnot gì te hemd* Ygdy g`vd je treeps* Rd wonn woj eut `ji

tgdj wd h`j hejtojud eur irovd ej tgd Jertg* Aut%" gd rd-

pd`tdi. wd gì te ard`l wotg tgd Hemmujosts oj eur p`rty* Ot

gì te hemd* Ygdrd w`s oj gos `ttotuid ` Iej"t yeu sdd5

pnd`*

N`tdr. gd h`md `nejb te my hàoj wgdrd O heuni t`nl `t ndjbtg

wotg gom àeut gos pn`js `ji tgesd ef gos p`rty. `ji wd t`nldi

fer `j geur àeut tgd sotu`toej. wgohg. gd idhn`rds. ieds jet

md`j tgd ard`liewj ef tgd J`toej`nost mevdmdjt. aut wgohg. ot




@s wd t`nldi. tgd hr`zy quont pohturd ef Hgoj` snewny `p-

pd`rdi* Ygd J`toej`nosts. spnot `mejb tgdmsdnvds. fobgtojb fer

hejtren ef tgdor ewj p`rty `bòjst tgd Hemmujosts" ojfnudjhd. `rd

ejd p`rt ef tgd pohturd* Ygdrd `rd djeubg p`thgds oj tg`t g`nf

te m`ld tgd t`sl ef ljottojb tgdm tebdtgdr oj `jytgojb nold ` he-

erioj`td p`ttdrj `nmest futond `ji hdrtòjny iosheur`bojb* @ji

ej tgd Jertg ef tgos _`jbtzd `rd etgdr f`htoejs. ujotdi fer tgd

memdjt `bòjst tgd J`toej`nost mevdmdjt* M`rsg`n Hg`jb

Hgujb-hg`jb `ji gos `nny. M`rsg`n Xuj Hgu`j-f`jb ef Xg`jbgò.

`rd sòi te ad semdwgdrd oj tgd jd`r vohojoty ef J`jlojb `ji

G`jlew* M`rsg`n Xuj g`s jet gdni ` vdry gobg gdì sojhd gos

objemojoeus idfd`t `ji hry fer `ssost`jhd oj Hgdlo`jb Srevojhd.

`ji `t Xg`jbgò* Gd h`j g`riny ad dxpdhtdi te fddn tgereubgny

s`fd wotg M`rsg`n Hg`jb. `j djermeus eni a`jiot frem Xg`j-

tujb* Hg`jb"s gostery rdìs nold ` Roni Rdst t`nd. er ` ydnnew-

a`hl tg`t mobgt ad djtotndi Frem Heenod te M`rsg`n tgd Y`nd ef

` Xuhhdsskun R`rroer* Gd hdrtòjny werldi gos w`y up oj gos

hgesdj prefdssoej. frem ` wg`rf heenod tgreubg tgd dssdjto`n

st`bds ef a`jiotry te tgd monot`ry hejtren ef Xg`jtujb `ji jew

tgd tdmper`ry `nny ef M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj. ef Mulidj `ji

Sdlojb*

M`rsg`n Ru Sdo-fu. ejhd pewdrfun. os eni `ji fìdi. ` vdry

sm`nn aot ef tgd pohturd robgt jew. `ji ejd. dvdryaeiy sddms te

adnodvd. wge wonn jet rdturj te gos drstwgond aronno`jhd `ji pewdr*

Gd os hejtdjt wotg tgd quodt nofd ef ` pedt `ji shgen`r* Gd g`s

bòjdi ` rdput`toej fer shgen`rsgop `ji `s ` pedt. hgodfny. gos

hrotohs `fform. adhùsd gd os ejd ef tgd fdw monot`rosts ef tgd eni

shgeen wge heuni dvdj rdì er wrotd* Gd os semdwgdrd oj jertg-

drj Gej`j. ot sddms. hejtdjt te ndt gos suhhdssers oj monot`rosm

h`rry ej tgd `jhodjt fdui`n p`stomd ef tgd Hgojdsd*

M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb oj Xgdjso wotg pdrg`ps 033.333 mdj.

os dxpdhtdi te rdmòj wotg Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl* Hemmos-soejdr Nodu fdrvoiny `vdrrdi tg`t tgd woidny ljewj Hgrosto`j

Bdjdr`n wonn jdvdr be a`hl ej Hgo`jb* Gd g`s sdjt ` idndb`td

te tgd J`jlojb Hejfdrdjhd. Mr* Nodu peojtdi eut. `ji gos `rmy

os te ad ` vot`n f`hter oj tgd t`lojb ef Sdlojb semd i`y* Mr*

Nodu w`s jet surd wgdj tg`t vohtery heuni ad dxpdhtdi te ehhur*

Ygojbs `rd tee ujsdttndi*



79 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Ygd Hemmossoejdr w`s aottdr `bòjst Qusso`* Gd sòi tgd

Xevodt os tryojb te bdt `t tgd Sewdrs tgreubg Hgoj`. usojb tgos

j`toej `s ` h`tsp`w* Ygdy iej"t w`jt ` w`r oj tgdor ewj

heujtry%" gd sòi* Ygdy idsord te stor up ejd gdrd. te g`vd tgd

fodni ef tgdor a`ttnd wotg tgd h`pot`nostoh Sewdrs. `s tgdy h`nn tgdm.

oj Hgoj`* Ygus. Qusso` os jet g`rmdi* O iej"t tgojl tgdy wonn

sdji `j `rmy te Hgoj`. gd ìidi oj rdspejsd te ` qudry*

Gd sòi gd gì ìvosdi Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl te `hhdpt òi

frem K`p`j. `ji te heepdr`td wotg K`p`j* Yg`t areubgt oj

`jetgdr p`rt ef tgd pohturd ef iosojtdbr`tdi Hgoj`. j`mdny. M`r-

sg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj* O sòi tg`t of Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl werldi wotg

K`p`j gd weuni g`vd te werl wotg M`rsg`n Hg`jb. tee* Aut

tgd Hemmossoejdr. ` trud H`jtejdsd. sòi tg`t weuni jdvdr hemd

te p`ss*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl wonn jdvdr sg`ld g`jis wotg M`r-

sg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj.0 "

gd sòi* Rgy5 Rdnn. adhùsd tgdy g`vd

addj djdmods tee nejb* Ygdy h`j"t werl tebdtgdr oj Hgoj`

Aut K`p`j must werl wotg Hgoj`< `ji of wd t`ld `nn ef Hgoj`.

wd wonn g`vd te werl wotg K`p`j* Yg`t os j`tur`n* K`p`j os se

hnesd. ot os jdhdss`ry te gdr dxostdjhd* @mdroh` `ji Arotòj `rd

tee f`r `w`y* Rd weuni ad frodjiny. ef heursd. te dvdryaeiy*

Xe tg`t p`rt ef tgd pohturd. er tgd hr`zy quont 'te stohl te

tgd foburd/. wonn jet fot oj wotg tgd rdst* Gdjhd. tgd ujoty ef

Hgoj` m`y g`vd te wòt `bòj fer ` wgond. Mr* Nodu ìmottdi*

Ygdj tgdrd os _ujj`j. tg`t v`st prevojhd ej tgd aeridr ef

Aurm` wgdrd arob`jis `ji epoum smubbndrs àeuji* Yg`t os `

fr`ydi dibd ef tgd quont wgohg hùsds je nottnd treuand te tgd

teondrs* _ujj`j. ot wonn ad rdh`nndi. ` fdw mejtgs `be gì `

rdvenutoej `nn ej ots ewj. `ji jew ojstdì ef tgd monot`ry bev-

drjer oj hg`rbd. tgdrd os ` Hotozdjs" Hemmottdd ef Fovd rujjojb

tgojbs* Ygdy s`y ot osj"t Hemmujostoh. dx`htny* Yg`t ot os `

""hemmossoej ferm ef bevdrjmdjt* _dt ot g`s ` hdrtòj hromsej

tojbd te ot wgohg wej"t w`sg `w`y Furtgdrmerd. _ujj`j os `

woni heujtry. sp`rsdny sdttndi `ji ojfdstdi wotg a`jiots* Ot os

`jetgdr preandm wgohg tgdsd teondrs must f`hd wge weuni ujotd

tgos Hgoj` ef tei`y ` fdui`n st`td wgesd pdepnd `rd ìmottdiny

hdjturods adgoji tgd tomds oj tgeubgt. hunturd. diuh`toej `ji oj

tgdor id`nojbs wotg ejd `jetgdr* Ygdor w`rnerisstonn. ejd must



OJ YYOD V@NND_ EF YGD _@JBY[D 74

fd`r. `rd somon`r te tgd fdui`n a`rejs ef Durepd oj tgd Moiind

@bds wgesd ney`nty w`s. `s tgd Hgojdsd os tei`y. jejd tee

hdrtòj `j `ffòr* Ot heuni ad aeubgt ay tgd gobgdst aoiidr* Xe

h`j tg`t ef tgd `vdr`bd Hgojdsd monot`ry hgodftòj* Ygdsd

tgojbs O sòi er ompnodi* _dt tgd Hemmossoejdr rdmòjdi

eptomostoh*

Rd ioshussdi j`mds `ji pn`hds* Ygd Hemmossoejdr sòi tg`t

Guj`j Srevojhd os tgd getadi ef Hemmujosm* Gd sòi tg`t tgdrd

tgdy idm`ji tg`t dvdryaeiy wge g`s merd tg`j )133 must iovoid

ot wotg gos fdnnew-mdj* Ygos sddms te ad tgd usu`n rdpert ej

Guj`j* O gd`ri rdhdjtny tg`t tgdy g`vd trodi eut iovoiojb up

tgd n`ji `ji ojstotutojb `nn tgd Hemmujostoh fer Hemmuj`n/

f"Zrms ef bevdrjmdjt*

Bdjdr`n Hgdj Hgodj. oj hemm`ji ef tgd Xoxtg @rmy. g`s bejd

te G`jlew* Gd w`s oj J`jlojb* Gd hemm`jidi tgd `rmods tg`t

h`pturdi `ji neetdi tg`t onn-f`tdi hoty ej M`rhg 19* Hemmossoejdr

Nodu tgojls Bdjdr`n Hgdj wonn st`y oj G`jlew* Hgodj Ysu-moj.

n`td hemm`jidr ef tgd Lwdohgew `rmy. os idì* Gd w`s dxd-

hutdi `t Hg`jtdg. oj wdstdrj Guj`j. `t tgd eridr ef Bdjdr`n Y`jb

Xgdj-tsd. jew `t G`jlew* Ygd Hemmossoejdr tgeubgt. tgdrdferd.

tg`t Bdjdr`n Hgodj"s mdj. semd 84.333. weuni ad ney`n te Bdjdr`n

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. swerj djdmy ef tgd m`j wge lonndi tgdor hgodf*

Bdjdr`n Ydjb _dj-t`g os ` vdry aì m`j%" tgd Hemmossoejdr

idhn`rdi* Gd os tgd rdhebjozdi Qdiidst ef tgd Qdis `t G`jlew;

gd `ji Bderbd Gsu-hgodj. Mojostdr ef Kustohd*

Dubdjd Hgdj5 Ygd Hemmossoejdr w`s jet surd wgdrd gd

st`jis aut sddmdi ojhnojdi te tgojl Hgdj mobgt nold te bdt a`hl

wotg tgd Meidr`tds* Gd gì gd`ri tg`t Hgdj. tgd G`jlew Fer-

dobj Mojostdr. w`jts te bdt te Xg`jbgò. aut tgd Qìoh`ns `rd geni-

ojb gom vortu`nny ` prosejdr* Gd tgojls tg`t Hgdj mobgt ad `nn

robgt. aut ot osj"t hdrtòj*

Iej"t tdnn Dubdjd Hgdj%" tgd Hemmossoejdr sòi `s wd sòi

beeijobgt. tg`t O `m ej tgd Neejbwe O premosdi O weuni jet

ard`tgd ` weri ef gos prdsdjhd oj G`jlew* Ot weuni jet ad

gd`ntgy* Rd `rd iud adferd jeej temerrew. @pron 14*

Ygos dxhotojb trop up-rovdr te G`jlew djidi ej @pron 14. 0?12. `s

shgdiundi* O n`jidi oj semd trdpoi`toej aut w`s jet mendstdi* Ygd



76 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

mest `jbuosg wgohg O suffdrdi w`s iurojb ` mond w`nl `nejb tgd Auji

te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun`td-Bdjdr`n. te mddt Hen* Fr`jl S* Nehlg`rt.

eur bdjo`n Hejsun-Bdjdr`n tgdrd* Gd put md up `t tgd Hejsun`td-

Bdjdr`n fer my st`y. wgohg n`stdi sdvdr`n wddls* Ygd ""`jbuosg+" w`s

iud te tgd gd`t jet te a`jis ef ojsuntojb Hgojdsd ej muridr adjt*



QDI QTND @Y G@JLER

QDIiust. fojd. get. tgohl `s ` rub. n`y gd`vony evdr tgd m`hì-

`mozdi sdhtoejs ef tgd Auji `t G`jlew* Ygd strddt. p`vdi

ejny oj ` fdw spets. strdthgdi ots sndjidr ndjbtg twe monds `ji

merd `nejb tgd _`jbtzd* Je arddzd storrdi. aut `j ehh`soej`n gurtnojb

meterh`r spurtdi g`jifuns ef iort evdr pdidstro`js `ji ios`ppd`rdi oj

` iunn rdi hneui* Ygdsd r`rd ùtemeaonds usu`nny aerd ej tgdor geeis

tgd J`toej`nost fn`b. `nse prdiemoj`jtny rdi. wotg ots wgotd st`r oj `

herjdr ef anud*

Ygd iunn rdi hneuis wdrd stofnojb* Merjojb w`s suntry dvdj ej tgd

twdjty-foftg ef @pron* G`jlew w`s get* Ygd gd`t w`vd w`s prdm`turd*

Aut G`jlew"s hnom`td os somon`r te tgd moiind-seutg ef tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds* Ots summdrs `rd nejb `ji stohly `ji fdtoi* Ygd hoty os strol-

ojbny somon`r te `jy rovdr pert `nejb tgd Mossossoppo Qovdr. adnew Xt*

Neuos* Of yeu heuni dxhg`jbd tgd Hgojdsd heenods fer Jdbreds. tgd

tewjs weuni `nmest `ppd`r oidjtoh`n* Ygd heenods sgeut `ji gdd-g`w

`s tgdy h`rry tgdor auridjs ej a`maee pends er pondi gobg ej tgdor

sturiy areì sgeunidrs `ji jdhls. kust `s Jdbreds sgeut `ji sojb `s

tgdy werl* G`jlew. te ad surd. os ` nottnd merd hesmepenot`j* Aut

tgdrd os ` strolojb somon`roty dxhdpt fer ejd tgojb; rdhurrdjt w`rs*

Dvdj tg`t w`s jet jetohdànd `s ejd iosdma`rldi frem ` rovdr

std`mdr `ji w`nldi `nejb tgd Auji* Ot w`s jetohdànd. te ad surd. tg`t

`j àjerm`n sotu`toej prdvòndi oj 0?12* Ygd hgodf rd`sej w`s tgd prds-

djhd ef semd tgorty er merd ferdobj w`rsgops oj tgd rovdr tgdrd* Ej tgd

_`jbtzd"s rosojb. rumpndiw`tdrs fne`tdi ` rdm`rlànd henndhtoej ef

fobgt-

ojb hr`ft ef g`nf ` iezdj j`toejs tgdrd te sdd tg`t ferdobj novds `ji prep-

drty wdrd pretdhtdi. rdb`rindss ef wg`t Hgojdsd f`htoej gdni tgd ndrro-

tery wgohg ojhnuids Rug`j*

Rug`j os tgd j`md bovdj tgd tgrdd hotods tg`t g`vd addj auont up

`reuji tgd keojojb ef tgd G`j `ji _`jbtzd Qovdrs `t tgos peojt* Ej tgd

seutgdrj a`jl ef tgd _`jbtzd os Ruhg`jb< ommdio`tdny eppesotd os

72



77 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

G`jlew<`ji kust te tgd wdst ef G`jlew os G`jy`jb* Ygd tgrdd hotods

g`vd ` tet`n pepun`toej ef pdrg`ps twe monnoej* Rug`j os tgd b`td-

w`y te tgd Rdst ef Hgoj`* Ot hejtrens tgd ojtdroer m`rldts ay vor-

tud ef ots pesotoej ej tgd _`jbtzd* Ygdrd `rd stonn `nmest je ròn-

reìs oj tgd rohg hdjtr`n `ji wdstdrj prevojhds. `ji beeis must fnew

`nejb tgd rovdr reutds* Ygd _`jbtzd oj meidrj tomds os wg`t tgd

Mossossoppo w`s fofty te sdvdjty-fovd yd`rs `be* Fertujds g`vd addj

mìd `ji `rd stonn adojb mìd oj tgd rovdr tr`jspert ausojdss oj tgd

_`jbtzd v`nndy*

G`jlew os tgd projhop`n pert ef tgd tgrdd hotods* Ygdrd ferdobj

ojtdrdsts `rd hdjtdrdi* Ygd Auji os nojdi wotg n`rbd meidrj auoni-

ojbs wgohg geusd ferdobj hemmdrho`n forms. ojhnuiojb m`bjofohdjt

struhturds fer tgd a`jls* Ygd ferdobj hejsun`tds-bdjdr`n `rd `nejb

tgd Auji* Ygdsd auoniojbs `nn f`hd tgd rovdr* Ygd rovdr soid ef tgd

strddt os bovdj evdr te ` p`rlw`y nojdi wotg trdds `ji adjhgds. aer-

idrojb ` areì soidw`nl wgdrd ejd m`y premdjìd oj sd`rhg ef òr

ej gumoi jobgts*

Ygdrd os ejd aob ioffdrdjhd adtwddj tgd prdsdjt `ji tgd beei

eni i`ys. tgdy s`y* Fermdrny tgd Auji"s p`rlw`y w`s rdsdrvdi dj-

tordny fer tgd usd ef ferdobjdrs* Jew ot os `novd wotg Hgojdsd. hgodfny

heenods. nennojboj tgd sgìd ef ots brddj trdds* Ygd Auji w`s auont ay

tgd ferdobjdrs. d`hg j`toej wotg ` hejhdssoej ieojb ots sg`rd* Ygd

Arotosg Hejhdssoej os `t tgd f`r dji ef tgd Auji tg`t os. f`rtgdst up-

strd`m< tgd eni Qusso`j Hejhdssoej os jdxt< tgd Frdjhg `ftdr tg`t<

tgdj. tgd eni Bdrm`j Hejhdssoej < `ji `t tgd newdr dji. tgd K`p`jdsd

Hejhdssoej* Ygos n`st usu`nny os hut eff ay a`radi word a`rrohìds

`ji s`jia`bs se tg`t ot rdmòjs frdd frem Hgojdsd ne`fdrs*

Ej nd`vojb tgd Neejbwe. O w`s ìvosdi ay tgd H`ptòj `ji etgdrs

jet te t`ld ` rohlsg`w* Ygdrd gì addj rdperts ef treuand wotg tgd

heenods. wge. ot w`s sòi. gì addj m`lojb dxeraot`jt hg`rbds `ji gì

addj ojsuntojbej `nn ehh`soejs* Gdjhd O pneiidi `nejb tgd Auji te

tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td-Bdjdr`n. ` mond er se frem wgdrd eur std`mdr

iehldi* N`tdr. O feuji tg`t tgdrd w`s nottnd er je rd`sej fer djiur-

ojb tgos ioshemfert* Ygd heenods wdrd jet tgdj oj tgd nd`st eastrdp-

dreus* Ygdy hg`rbdi tgd usu`n new prohds `ji wdrd ojhnojdi te `ssost

`jy ferdobjdr hgddrfunny* Ygd hg`jbd frem ` wddl proer te my `r-

rov`n w`s idshroadi `s rdm`rlànd*

Ygos. oj f`ht. w`s tgd suakdht wgohg `nn ferdobjdrs wdrd ioshussojb



QDI QTND @Y G@JLER 7?

tg`t @pron 14. 0?12* Ygd @mdroh`j Hejsun-Bdjdr`n. Hen* Fr`jl Nehl-

g`rt. w`s tgd forst te mdjtoej ot* O `sldi wgdtgdr ot wdrd s`fd te roid

oj rohlsg`ws `ji gd sòi tg`t gdtgeubgt

ot

w`s ìiojbtg`t

tgd

hg`jbd wgohg gì hemd evdr tgd heenods w`s `m`zojb* Gd w`s `t `

ness te dxpnòj ot te gomsdnf s`tosf`hterony. aut w`s ojhnojdi te adnodvd.

`s mest ferdobjdrs wdrd. tg`t tgd hg`jbd w`s hùsdi ay tgd prdsdjhd

ef tgd jumdreus ferdobj w`rsgops oj tgd rovdr* Ygd `ttotuid ef tgd

heenods `pp`rdjtny hg`jbdi hgodfny adhùsd ef bevdrjmdjt eridrs te

tgdm te ad loji te ferdobjdrs* Ygd bevdrjmdjt werldi tgreubg tgd

Nàer Tjoejs `ji sddmdi te ad oj hempndtd hejtren. `s f`r `s tgd

werldrs wdrd hejhdrjdi*

Mest ef tgd @mdroh`js stonn oj G`jlew wdrd rdsoiojb oj tgd @mdr-

oh`j Hejsun`td. usojb hets oj tgd reems* Ygd Hejsun-Bdjdr`n effdrdi

md gos gespot`noty* O `hhdptdi* Ot sddmdi tgd adttdr p`rt ef v`ner

tgd getdns oj G`jlew. nold getdns oj m`jy ` rovdr tewj. wdrd f`r frem

nuxuroeus* @ji `t tg`t tomd tgdrd w`s je `ssur`jhd tg`t tgdy weuni

ad tee s`fd*

Frem tgd Hejsun`td. O prehddidi te tgd @mdroh`j fn`bsgop Osàdn

te h`nn ej Qd`r-@imor`n G* G* Geubg. tgdj oj hg`rbd ef tgd @mdro-

h`j J`vy p`tren oj tgd _`jbtzd* @ftdr p`yojb my rdspdhts. O wotg-

irdw `ji mdt tgd h`ptòj `ji effohdrs ef tgd fn`bsgop* O w`s bovdj usd

ef tgd Osàdn"s nùjhg te bdt my nubb`bd eff tgd Neejbwe `ji tr`js-

pert ot te tgd iehl* O gì semd snobgt ioffohunty oj bdttojb tgd a`bs

tr`jspertdi frem tgd iehl te tgd Hejsun`td* Je wg`rf heenod w`s oj

sobgt. `ji ejd ef tgd sòners g`jidi tgd a`bs evdr te ` he`nojb heenod*

Ojjehdjt ef `jy ard`hg ef heenod dtoqudttd. O prehddidi `gdì ef tgd

fdnnew tew`ri tgd Auji. `hress tgd weeidj podr tg`t dxtdjis eut evdr

tgd ferdsgerd* Neelojb `reuji `t gos suiidj euthry. O ioshevdrdi ad-

ferd wd gì bejd fofty y`ris tg`t gd gì addj adsdt ay tgrdd er feur

reubg neelojb hg`r`htdrs wge sddmdi te ad ojsostojb tg`t gd rdnd`sd

my a`bb`bd* @nejd. ujànd te spd`l tgd n`jbu`bd `ji. fer tgd me-

mdjt. ujànd te ujidrst`ji tgd hùsd ef tgd `rbumdjt. O heuni ie

jetgojb* Frem tgd sterods O gì gd`ri. O w`s rdìy te adnodvd wd

wdrd adojb reaadi ej tgd sgerd oj areì i`ynobgt*

O sgevdi ejd ef tgd `tt`hldrs `soid. foj`nny. `ftdr gd gì struhl

my heenod frdqudjtny ej tgd f`hd `ji gdì wotg tgd fn`t ef gos g`ji.

`ji teni tgd fdnnew te hejtojud. ar`jiosgojb my stohl tgd wgond* Ot

fòndi te werl* Ygdy rdturjdi te tgd fr`y. `ji ejd metoejdi tg`t gd



?3 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

w`jtdi te h`rry tgd a`bs. peojtojb te my heenod `ji tgdj te tgd he`n-

ojb kujl* Ygd fdnnew O gì w`s smorhgdi wotg he`n iust `ji `pp`r-

djtny

gì addj ujneìojb tgd

kujl*

Ot sddmdi tg`t tg`t w`s gos kea

gos pobdej `s tgdy s`y oj tgd vdrj`hun`r tgdrd `ji gd heuni jet ie

`jytgojb dnsd dvdj of gd sgeuni w`jt te ad djtdrprosojb* Of gd ioi. gd

hut semd etgdr heenod eut ef ` aewn ef rohd* O pòi tgd forst hg`p

twdjty hdjts Mdx* 'er àeut dobgt hdjts oj T* X* hurrdjhy `t tgd

tomd/* Rgdj twe etgdrs bràadi my twe a`bs. d`hg t`lojb ejd. O

idhoidi. r`tgdr tg`j subbdst tg`t ejd t`ld aetg ef tgdm. te ndt tgdm

g`vd tgdor w`y* @t tgd Hejsun`td ` anehl `w`y O b`vd tgdm ` Mdxo-

h`j ienn`r te fobgt evdr `ji tgdy brojjdi tgdor w`y a`hl ojte eanovoej*

Ot w`s preaàny tgrdd er feur tomds tgdor usu`n w`bd fer tg`t sert ef

kea. aut bdttojb roi ef tgd pòr ef tgdm wotgeut `j ojhoidjt w`s

wertg tgd ferty hdjts ot hest md* O w`s teni n`tdr tg`t gottojb er

sgevojb ejd ef tgdsd fdnnews ` wddl d`rnodr weuni g`vd addj `nmest

nold sobjojb ejd"s ewj id`tg w`rr`jt*

Ygdrd wdrd ejny twe er tgrdd pn`hds te d`t oj G`jlew `t tg`t

tomd* Ygd mest pepun`r w`s tgd T* X* J`vy _* M* H* @*. ` anehl

frem tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td `ji kust eff tgd Auji* Ygd getdns

tgdrd wdrd twe ef tgdm wdrd sdrvojb feei `bòj. `ji tgd G`jlew

Hnua w`s rujjojb ots iojojb-reem fer mdmadrs `ji budsts* O gì

toffoj wotg ` m`j frem tgd Hejsun`td `ji twe Xt`ji`ri Eon mdj `t

tgd _* M* H* @* Ygd `ftdrjeej w`s spdjt oj m`lojb `ppeojtmdjts

wotg G`jlew"s effoho`ns. ojhnuiojb tgd Mojostdr fer Ferdobj @ffòrs.

Mr* Dubdjd Hgdj. `ji tg`t rdm`rlànd ìvosdr. Hemrìd Mol`n Aere-

ioj* Gd w`s tgd m`j adgoji mest ef tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej

tgd aròjs ef tgd wgend sgew*

Ygd wgend i`y w`s dxtrèrioj`rony quodt se f`r `s w`rf`rd er uj-

rdst w`s hejhdrjdi. `ji tgd woni rdperts àeut G`jlew"s tdjsdjdss

wdrd àsuri* Ygd hoty. `soid frem tgd w`rsgops `ji tgd ehh`soej`n

J`toej`nost seniodr sddj ej tgd strddts. w`s `s quodt tgdj `s Idtreot*

Yd` `t tgd G`jlew Q`hd Hnua w`s `jetgdr surprosd* Gdrd. `s tgd

suj wdjt iewj. O s`t wotg Aruje Xhgw`rtz. ef Jdw _erl. tgdj pua-

nosgdr ef tgd G`jlew Gdr`ni. `ji nostdjdi te musoh ay tgd hnua a`ji*

Ygdrd wdrd sherds ef pdrsejs sottojb ej tgd areì n`wj adferd tgd

hnuageusd. hg`ttojb `s oj dvdryi`y nofd `jywgdrd. w`r tgd f`rtgdst

tgojb frem tgdor mojis* @ jumadr ef wemdj. tee. wdrd prdsdjt.

mestny Bdrm`js. `ji ` fdw Frdjhg* O w`s stonn omprdssdi tgdj wotg



QDI QTND @Y G@JLER ?0

tgd oid` tg`t G`jlew w`s i`jbdreus. `ji ojhnojdi te adnodvd tg`t

tgdsd pdepnd wge rdfusdi te t`ld ot sdroeusny wdrd sottojb ej tgd dibd

ef ` venh`je* Aut Mr* Xhgw`rtz iosàusdi my moji ef suhg onnusoejs*

Ygd etgdr wemdj oj G`jlew wdrd tgd Qusso`js. ojhnuiojb tgd

i`jhojb bornsef tgd hà`rdts* Ygd hà`rdt systdm ef G`jlew w`s `

ujoqud tgojb* Jet tg`t ot osj"t stonn te ad feuji `jywgdrd oj Hgoj`"s

n`rbd hotods aut te foji ot tgdrd `t ` tomd nold tg`t w`s uttdrny eii*

Ot w`s tgd hnom`x te ` bretdsqud i`y jet `t `nn nold tgd ejd O gì

dxpdhtdi te foji* @ftdr iojjdr. wotg twe seuji `ji rdspdhtànd auso-

jdss mdj wge wdrd jet `t `nn ef tgd tordi"" typd. O reujidi eut tgd

forst i`y"s diuh`toej oj tgd w`ys ef tg`t hoty ay ` vosot te tgd hà`rdts*

Ygdrd wdrd preaàny g`nf ` iezdj oj ejd anehl* Ygd erhgdstr`s

peujidi eut musoh wgohg oj tgd bùiony nobgtdi strddt andjidi ojte

ejd rùheus gewn ef k`zz* Ygd hà`rdts wdrd. `ftdr `nn. mdrdny i`jhd

g`nns. tgeubg oj p`nmodr i`ys tgdy gì gì djtdrtòjdrs* Ygd adst

idshroptoej. O tgojl. ef tgd strddt `ji tgd i`jhd g`nns oj 0?12 os te ad

feuji oj ` hemp`rosej wotg tgd typoh`n metoej pohturd sdt idpohtojb

tgd i`jhd g`nns ef @mdroh`"s Roni Rdst oj tgd i`ys ef "9?* Ygdrd

w`s je prdtdjsd ef fojdry* Ejny ejd pn`hd gì dvdj `j `ttdmpt `t ot.

`ji gdrd ejd feuji v`ro-henerdi dndhtroh nobgts stuhl oj ` nojd `reuji

tgd w`nns àeut tdj fddt àevd tgd fneer* Ot b`vd ` wdori dffdht. bùiy.

` aurndsqud ej tgd Hgrostm`s sporot*

Ygd borns. Qusso`js `nn. wdrd ` hndvdr net* Ygdy i`jhdi wotg

sòners oj tgd `ftdrjeej. `ji `t jobgt wotg mdj ef `nn r`jls `ji peso-

toejs `ji j`toej`notods wge fer ejd rd`sej er `jetgdr gì hemd te

tgesd pn`hds* My buoids peojtdi eut te md iopnem`ts. h`ptòjs ef

sgops. gdìs ef n`rbd ferdobj forms. n`wydrs. iehters. a`jldrs. Hgojdsd

effoho`ns* Ot w`s ejd ef tgd mest aoz`rrd sobgts te ad sddj `jywgdrd

oj tgd werni* Effoho`ns ef ferdobj bevdrjmdjts mojbndi wotg effo-

ho`ns ef tgd G`jlew bevdrjmdjt oj tgesd iovds< Hemmujosts frem

Meshew i`jhdi soid ay soid wotg tgd mdj tgdy wdrd sddlojb te ferhd

eut ef Hgoj`< yeujb borns. `nw`ys Qusso`js. nùbgdi `t tgdm `ji

i`jhdi wotg tgdm `nn. idm`jiojb frdqudjtny. _eu auy md ` sm`nn

aettnd wojd. pnoss5

Ygd wojd w`s usu`nny ` pojt ef vond omot`toej hg`mp`bjd wgohg

w`s seni te tgd mdj `t )7 ` aettnd. Mdx*. tgd born bdttojb )0 `s gdr

hemmossoej* Of sgd i`jhdi. sgd w`s bovdj ` tohldt wertg ferty hdjts.

Mdx* Dvdrytgojb oj Hgoj` os stonn ej tgos sonvdr a`sos. eroboj`nny



?1 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

ompertdi frem Mdxohe te òi trìd* Ygd borns ioi jet adhemd wd`ntgy

aut tgdy d`rjdi ` novojb oj tgos f`sgoej* Xemd ef tgdm. O w`s teni.

nd`rjdi

m`jytgojbs wgohg djàndi tgdm te djg`jhd tgdor usu`n oj-

hemd*

Xemd. tgd wgospdrojbs sòi. wdrd spods* Oj tgdsd h`fds wgohg

fermdi se muhg ` p`rt ef G`jlew"s nofd iurojb tgesd str`jbd i`ys.

tgdy wdrd suppesdi te nd`rj muhg frem ferdobjdrs `ji te rdtòn tgdor

ljewndibd te hdrtòj hg`jjdns wgdrd ot heuni prevd usdfun* Ygd uj-

wottojb vohtom eftdj ndt semdtgojb irep tg`t gì v`nud oj tgd muiindi

shgdmd ef hress-purpesds oj tgd Erodjt* Rgdtgdr tgdor spy sh`rd w`s

trud. O ie jet ljew* Ot w`s gobgny pessoand. `t nd`st* Aut hdrtòjny

tgdrd wdrd sejbs ef Meshew sujb eftdj oj tgesd i`jhd g`nns ef G`j-

lew< `ji tgd rdi iust tg`t n`yoj tgd j`rrew. rohlsg`w-hnuttdrdi

Xtrddt ef tgd Hà`rdts w`s eftdj sworndi ojte `jbry diiods ay tgd

gurtnojb meter h`rs ef tgd Aensgdvolo*

O ojtdrvodwdi Dubdjd Hgdj tgd jdxt i`y* Dvdryaeiy ojtdrvodwdi

Mr* Hgdj tgdj* Gd w`s Ferdobj Mojostdr oj tgd rìoh`n G`jlew

Bevdrjmdjt `ji w`s. tgdrdferd. ` m`ker seurhd ef ojferm`toej àeut

Hgoj`"s `htoejs. idsords `ji rd`htoejs* Gd w`s tgd effoho`n spelds-

m`j+" ef tgd G`jlew J`toej`nost @imojostr`toej* @nn p`tgs. tgdrd-

ferd. fer tgd gerid ef mdj wge fnehldi frem `nn evdr tgd werni ojte

G`jlew `ji eut `bòj. ndi te gos ausy ieer*

Ygd Ferdobj Mojostdr w`s ehhupodi wotg tgd mdhg`johs ef ` rdvenu-

toej* Gd seubgt `s ` mdmadr ef tgd Hàojdt te ruj tg`t sdhtoej ef

Hgoj` tgdj ujidr G`jlew"s hejtren< `ji Hgdj w`s werrodi `t tg`t

tomd ay ` hrosos wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb. tgd spnot wgohg. fer ` wgond.

iovoidi tgd J`toej`nost ferhds* Gewdvdr. ehhupodi wotg tgdsd tgojbs

`ji tgd pessoand jdhdssoty ef rdpnyojb te `jetgdr Jetd frem tgd Sewdrs

ej tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt. Mr* Hgdj s`t fer `j geur `ji teni ef gos

hejhdptoej ef tgd òms `ji `spor`toejs ef tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej*

Gd pndìdi fer s`joty `mejb tgd pewdrs oj tgdor `ttotuid tew`ri

Hgoj`* Gd gepdi tg`t tgd Sewdrs weuni jet anehlìd tgd _`jbtzd*

Gd ioi jet idjy tg`t tgdy heuni. aut sòi tg`t Hgoj` gepdi tgd Sewdrs

weuni rdfròj frem tg`t sert ef `htoej*t'

O iej"t tgojl tg`t tgos "wonn

g`ppdj. gd sòi. ujndss tgd werni g`s bejd mì* _dt. gd wej-

idrdi àeut tgd tgorty er merd ferdobj w`rsgops oj G`jlew tgdj*

Of tgdy anehlìd tgd _`jbtzd. gd sòi. wd stonn g`vd rohd `ji

pd`jut eon* Rd sg`nn hejtojud te d`t `ji te g`vd n`mps* @ji. `ftdr



Q D I Q T N D @ Y G @ W L R ?8

`nn. wd ie jet sot up jobgts `ji rdì vdry muhg* Gd smondi* Rd

wonn. O tgojl. bdt `nejb* Aut O gepd mest sojhdrdny tg`t tg`t ieds jet

g`ppdj*

Dubdjd Hgdj. ` m`j jdrveusny djdrbdtoh. s`jl a`hl ojte gos anud

pnusg hgòr `ji rdb`ridi md. `wòtojb tgd jdxt qudry* Gd w`s `

r`tgdr snobgt m`j. pdrg`ps fofty yd`rs eni tgdj. gos an`hl gòr sget

wotg br`y. gos tgoj g`jis bdstohun`tojb oj dmpg`sos er dxpn`j`toej ef

gos rdm`rls* Keurj`nost `ji tdmper`ry st`tdsm`j ef tgd jdw Hgoj`.

gos w`s ` pnd`s`jt pdrsej`noty* Ejd mobgt jet `brdd wotg gos epoj-

oejs. gos vodws. tgd `htovotods ef tgd mdj wotg wgem gd w`s `nnodi oj

sddlojb te ujotd Hgoj` ujidr J`toej`nosm<aut gos pdrsej`noty ej forst

`hquòjt`jhd w`s hdrtòjny jet `bòjst gom*

Ygd J`toej`nost rdvenutoej wonn hejtojud `s pn`jjdi%" gd sòi oj

rdpny te my jdxt qudstoej* ""Rd wonn jet pdrmot tgd idfdhtoej ef

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl te step us* Rd wonn id`n wotg gom n`tdr* Oj tgd

md`jtomd wd pn`j te prehddi wotg eur irovd te tgd jertg* O tgojl

yeu wonn foji semdtgojb ojtdrdstojb g`ppdjojb oj tgd jdxt fdw wddls*

O ie jet s`y mejtgs. aut wddls* Rd `nrdìy g`vd tgd newdr g`nf. er

merd. ef Gej`j Srevojhd* Hg`jb Yse-noj"s `rmods geni aut ` sh`jt

sdhtoej ej tgd jertg* Rd wonn seej hejtren `nn ef Gej`j*

M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb os wotg us* Gd wonn jet st`y wotg

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl* Gd os jew oj Xgdjso* Eur ferhds wonn hemaojd

`ji irovd Hg`jb Yse-noj a`hl ojte M`jhguro`* Ot wonn jet ad nejb*

@ fdw wddls* Ojtdrdstojb idvdnepmdjts `rd `t g`ji* Rd eroboj`nny

pn`jjdi te prehddi ej Sdlojb vo` G`jlew* Ygd spnotoj tgd p`rty g`s

hùsdi ` tdmper`ry idn`y* Jew. wd `rd ej tgd m`rhg*

UHgdj sòi tg`t tgd ard`hg wotg Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl gì addj nejb

dxpdhtdi* Ygd pn`j ef tgd rdvenutoej. gd sòi. jdvdr gì addj te t`ld

+4fo`jbgò er J`jlojb oj 0?12* Forst. gd sòi. tgdy w`jtdi te bdt te

Sdlojb ojn`ji* J`jlojb oj p`rtohun`r gì. tgd Mojostdr sòi d`rjdst-

ny. ferdvdr addj. ` Jdmdsos. ` hoty ef onn emdj te rdvenutoejs* Aut

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl turjdi `bòjst ìvohds frem tgd Bevdrjmdjt* Gdh`nndi Hgo`jb ` rdadn `ji ` monot`rost ef tgd eni shgeen. eut fer

pdrsej`n bòj `ji bnery* Ygd spnot. Hgdj ojsostdi. os foj`n. tgdrd

os je ieuat ef ot* Rd wonn id`n wotg Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl wgdj ejhd wd

bdt Sdlojb* Gd g`s ejny 83.333 mdj `t tgd mest. `ji tgdy wonn ad

ldpt ausy wotg tgd Jertgdrj treeps* Rd iej"t fd`r tgdor `tt`hlojb

G`jlew%"



?9 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Ygdsd foburds. ef heursd. v`rodi dxtrèrioj`rony frem foburds bovdj

d`rnodr tg`t sprojb ay Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl"s ìgdrdjts* Ygd

J`jlojb

anehl `ssdrtdi tg`t G`jlew gì fdw mdj* Ot w`s ompes-

soand te heujt tgdm. se O h`j aut rdn`td wg`t d`hg soid idhn`rdi tgdj*

Oj 0?12 ejd heuni ejny `wòt idvdnepmdjts te idtdrmojd wgohg soid

w`s herrdht* Hgdj. ef heursd. nest eut. `ji gì te fndd n`tdr tg`t s`md

yd`r aut gd heuni jet ferdsdd tgesd dvdjts tgdj*

Ejd rd`sej tgd Mojostdr sòi tgd Bevdrjmdjt gì eppesdi t`lojb

Xg`jbgò ujton n`tdr w`s tgd i`jbdr ef hejfnoht wotg ferdobj treeps

tgdrd* Gd sòi tg`t tgd geniojb ef Xg`jbgò ay tgd Sewdrs wotg

ferhd w`s `bòjst tgd projhopnds ef J`toej`nosm"2

oj Hgoj`< tg`t ot

w`s `j ojtendrànd sotu`toej. `ji ` hg`nndjbd te Hgoj`"s sev-

drdobjty* Gdjhd. tgd treeps must be. Hgdj sòi. `ji wotg tgd

J`toej`nosts oj hejtren tgdy must. te ad trud te tgdor hùsd. idm`ji

tg`t tgd treeps idp`rt* Ygdy ioi m`ld tgdor idm`ji. aut tgd treeps

rdmòjdi*

Gd sòi Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl gì ioseadydi eridrs oj t`lojb Xg`jb-

gò. `ji gos Bevdrjmdjt oj G`jlew w`s jet rdspejsoand fer wg`t

mobgt ehhur jdxt* Ygd m`ttdr ef tgd ferdobj Xdttndmdjt `ji tgd

Frdjhg Hejhdssoej tgdrd gd fdnt weuni g`vd te `wòt tgd tomd wgdj

G`jlew hejtrens tg`t p`rt ef Hgoj`. `s wdnn `s Sdlojb*

Ygd ferdobj Sewdrs idfd`t tgdor ewj dji oj sdjiojb treeps te

Hgoj`. Hgdj ìidi* Ygd prdsdjhd ef tgesd treeps g`s iejd merd

te `reusd tgd pdepnd ef Hgoj` `bòjst ferdobj ompdro`nosm tg`j `nn eur

prep`b`ji` dvdr heuni g`vd gepdi te ie* Ot md`js Hgoj` os jet frdd*

Je j`toej tg`t g`s ots heujtry vortu`nny ruj ay ferdobjdrs os frdd*

Ygd supdr-bevdrjmdjt ef Hgoj` g`s addj tgd Iopnem`toh Herps `t

Sdlojb* Oj Xg`jbgò. ef heursd. tgdrd os tgd neh`n bevdrjmdjt oj

tgd Xdttndmdjt* Ots iuty os te penohd tgdhoty* O h`nn ot ` sh`vdjbdr

bevdrjmdjt ot lddps tgojbs hnd`j*

Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds. Hgdj sòi. w`s m`lojb ` brd`t most`ld oj

adojb. `s gd s`w ot. mosndi ay tgd Arotosg ojte fennewojb tgdor ndì oj

Hgoj`* Tjton @mdroh` sdjt treeps eut te Xg`jbgò. gd sòi. tgd

Hgojdsd gì neeldi upej tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `s ` frodji* Gewdvdr.

jew tg`t sgd gì keojdi Arotòj oj usojb ferhd. gd sòi ot w`s ioffo-

hunt te hejtojud te mòjtòj eur trìotoej`nfrodjisgop wotg tgd @mdr-

oh`j pdepnd* Hgdj w`s aerj oj Yrojoiì. `ji w`s ` Arotosg suakdht

aut gd idjeujhdi Brd`t Arotòj*




Hgdj sòi dmpg`toh`nny tg`t tgd G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt w`s jet

Hemmujostoh* Gd idjodi rdperts wgohg wdrd hemmej oj Xg`jbgò.

tg`t tgd projhopnds ef tgd Luemojt`jb oj G`jlew wdrd adojb henerdi

rdi*

Rd `rd kust jew t`hlnojb oj tgd G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt tgd dhe-

jemoh qudstoejs f`hojb us. tgd Ferdobj Mojostdr sòi* Rd `rd

ìvosojb tgd werldrs tg`t ot os adst te adttdr tgdor pesotoej brìu`nny

`ji jet sddl te eatòj `t ejhd ` 033 pdr hdjt ojhrd`sd oj w`bds* Eurs

os ` werldrs" `ji pd`s`jts" rdvenutoej* Ygdy g`vd werldi fer m`jy

bdjdr`toejs `t w`bds tee new `nmest te pdrmot tgdm te dxost* Of `

m`j bdts sohl `ji os eut ef werl. gd `ji gos wgend f`mony must st`rvd*

Yg`t os jet robgt* Rd w`jt te hg`jbd tg`t. `ji wd tgojl tgd werldrs

`rd djtotndi te adttdr trd`tmdjt*

Ygd nàer ujoejs tgdmsdnvds `rd t`lojb rdspejsoaonoty ef hejtren-

nojb tgd werldrs* Nàer ndìdrs `rd oj hejtren ef tgd sotu`toej* Ygdy

`rd ìvosojb tgd werldrs te be snew `ji t`ld brìu`n ojhrd`sds*

Ej tgd f`rms. tgojbs `rd ioffdrdjt* Oj Guj`j. ot os trud wd g`vd

trodi tgd dxpdromdjt ef iovoiojb up n`ji* @ m`j wonn ad ` adttdr

hotozdj of gd os ` n`ji ewjdr* Gd wonn fobgt fer gos n`ji* Gdjhd. wd

`rd tryojb ot eut te sdd gew ot werls* Yg`t. je ieuat. os wgdrd tgdsd

rumers àeut eur Hemmujostoh projhopnds eroboj`td* Hgoj` jdvdr wonn

ad Hemmujostoh* Rd wonn jet ie `w`y wotg prov`td ewjdrsgop ef

prepdrty* Ygd f`ht tg`t tgd pd`s`jt ewjs n`ji wonn. wd adnodvd. m`ld

gom ` adttdr hotozdj*

Hgdj sòi tg`t ferdobjdrs oj Hgoj` wdrd hemp`r`tovdny s`fd* Gdsòi tg`t tgdy wdrd `s s`fd oj G`jlew `s oj Jdw _erl* Gdjhd. gd

w`s aottdr `bòjst w`rsgops adojb sdjt tgdrd* Ygdy ejny `bbr`v`td tgd

Hgojdsd%" gd sòi* Gd ìidi tg`t tgdy wdrd jet jddidi* Ygos

areubgt up tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt. `ji tgd pesotoej ef ferdobjdrs oj

Hgoj` oj bdjdr`n*

Ferdobjdrs oj Hgoj` `rd. `s ` rund. s`fd frem `jy g`rm. Hgdj

`vewdi* Oj tgd h`sd ef

J`jlojb.wd ie jet

`hhdpt buontfer wg`t-

dvdr g`ppdjdi iurojb tgd t`lojb ef tg`t hoty* Rd wonn. ef heursd. p`y

fer `jy i`m`bd iejd te tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td `t J`jlojb*

Aut tgd hg`rbd tg`t wd idnoadr`tdny erb`jozdi tgd `tt`hl ej fer-

dobjdrs tgdrd wd ie mest hdrtòjny idjy* Ygd ejny w`y te sdttnd tgd

m`ttdr. `s wd sdd ot. os te g`vd `j ojvdstob`toej* Yg`t os tgd w`y

tgdsd tgojbs `rd iejd oj `jy etgdr heujtry* Rgy jet oj Hgoj`5



?6 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Hgdj `bòj rdfdrrdi te st`tdmdjts. mìd ay tgd J`t"ej`nosts. tg`t

m`jy tgeus`jis ef Jertgdrj treeps wdrd stonn oj J`jlojb wgdj tgd

H`jtejdsd

h`pturdi

tgd hoty* Gd ompnodi tg`t tgdsd mdj wdrd merd

noldny tgd ejds buonty ef tgd neetojb* Ot w`s peojtdi eut tg`t @mdro-

h`js `ji Arotosg hemojb frem J`jlojb gì swerj tgd `tt`hl w`s ay

mdj oj J`toej`nost ujoferms. hgodfny frem Guj`j Srevojhd* Hgdj

tgdj sòi tgd ejny w`y te sdttnd tgd `ffòr w`s te g`vd `j ojtdrj`toej`n

hemmottdd neel ojte ot* Ygd Mojostdr sòi Hgoj` w`jtdi ferdobjdrs

te rdmòj* Gd sòi `nse. gewdvdr. tg`t tgdrd w`s ` rdvenutoej oj

Hgoj` `ji tg`t ot mobgt `t tomds ad i`jbdreus* Of ferdobjdrs tgeubgt

ot tee i`jbdreus. tgdy sgeuni nd`vd. gd sòi< aut gd dmpg`sozdi tg`t

tgd Hgojdsd wdrd9>

jet `jto-ferdobj `ji ie jet w`jt tgd ferdobjdrs

te idp`rt*

Rd w`jt tgdm te rdmòj. Hgdj ìidi* Rd `rd jet fobgtojb

tgd ferdobjdrs* Rd `rd idtdrmojdi. gewdvdr. te ie `w`y wotg tgd

Ompdro`nostoh penohods ef ferdobj bevdrjmdjts tew`ri eur heujtry* Rd

w`jt eur heujtry a`hl* Rd w`jt tgd ujdqu`n trd`tods àenosgdi. `nejb

wotg dxtr`-tdrrotero`noty* Rd `rd rdìy te prevd eursdnvds ànd te

g`jind eur j`toej jew* Rd"i nold tgd hg`jhd%"

Hemrìd Mol`n Aereioj w`s tgd iemoj`tojb foburd oj tgd G`jlew

Bevdrjmdjt iurojb ots rehldt-nold h`rddr* Gd w`s iyj`moh gdì ef

tgd Qusso`j @ivoser`td `ji iordhtdi tgd merd rìoh`n ar`jhg ef tgd

Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej* Gd hejtrenndi G`jlew"s rdbomd fer ` tomd

oj tgd i`ys wgdj ot w`s `t ots pd`l. `ji tgd Qdis rundi oj Hgoj`*

Gos weri w`s n`w. `ji gd w`s f`r frem sondjt* Gd mìd fdw spddhgds

er puanoh `ppd`r`jhds <aut gd w`s tgd pewdr adgoji tgd tgrejd*

Ot w`s tee beei te n`st< `ji wgdj tgd wgddn ef fertujd turjdi

àruptny `bòjst gom. Aereioj aewdi te tgd ojdvotànd `ji fndi evdr-

n`ji tgreubg Mejbeno` te Xoadro` `ji mìd tgd nejb trdl te Meshew*

Gos h`rddr ef pewdr oj @so` w`s arodf aut spdht`hun`r `ji oj `nn w`ys

àsenutd* Ot w`s tgos n`st f`ht tg`t hùsdi gos f`nn Hgojdsd ndi ay

Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl s`w tgd emjopetdjhd ef Meshew `s

dxdmpnofodi ay Aereioj. ots `bdjt < se tgdy tgrdw gom eut* Gd adh`md

`j dioter oj Meshew*

@t tgd gdobgt ef gos mossoej oj G`jlew. Aereioj w`s ` werni

foburd* Gd w`s ` rdvenutoej`ry frem gos yeutg. `ji dvdj adferd tgd

KO?02Qdvenutoej oj Qusso`. gì addj ferhdi te fndd gos j`tovd n`ji*

Gd wdjt te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds adferd tgd Rerni R`r `ji `ttdjidi




shgeen `t V`np`ròse Tjovdrsoty oj Ojio`j`* Gd mdt gos wofd. `

shgeen td`hgdr. oj Hgoh`be. `ji `ftdr tgdor m`rro`bd gd hejiuhtdi `

Xhgeen ef Senotoh`n Dhejemy* Gos j`md os Adrb. O adnodvd. `ji gd

`ji gos wofd r`j tgd shgeen ujidr tg`t j`md* Gd rdturjdi te Qusso`

`t tgd tomd ef tgd 0?02 rdvenutoej* Dvdjtu`nny. gd teel tgd j`md

Aereioj 'er w`s Adrb `ssumdi 5/ `ji w`s bovdj tgd mossoej oj Hgoj`*

J`tur`nny. O w`jtdi te sdd gom oj G`jlew* Ygd `ppeojtmdjt w`s

`rr`jbdi ay Q`yj` Sregmd. ` iyj`moh yeujb wem`j frem Hgoh`be.

tgdj diotojb Ygd Sdepnd"s Yroaujd. erb`j ef tgd Qdi rund* Xgd w`s

tgd wofd ef Ronno`m Sregmd. `jetgdr keurj`nost ef r`rd

ojtdnnobdjhdwge `t tg`t tomd w`s gdì ef tgd J`toej`nost Jdws @bdjhy ` prep`-

b`ji` erb`joz`toej oj Xg`jbgò* Aetg `rd jew idì* Q`yj` '`s

dvdryejd h`md te ljew tgos quotd `m`zojb bornwotg gdr sgehl ef

fn`mojb rdi gòr/ iodi semd yd`rs `be oj Meshew ef evdrwerl `ji

aròj fdvdr< Aonn iodi oj 0?84 oj Gejenunu. `ftdr suffdrojb fer yd`rs

frem ` punmej`ry onnjdss* Idspotd penotoh`n ioffdrdjhds. `nn wge mdt

Q`yj` `ji Aonn wdrd ojfnudjhdi ay tgdor pdrsej`notods `ji tgdor hn`roty

ef vosoej*

Oj G`jlew. Q`yj` w`s vdry muhg `novd `ji `rr`jbdi my djtrdd

te tgd brd`t m`j"s s`jhtum tg`t wddl oj n`td @pron wotg je `pp`rdjt

treuand* Xgd sòi; ""_eu w`jt te sdd Aereioj5 El`y. O"nn sdd wg`t

h`j ad iejd* O bet ` jetd tgd tgori i`y O w`s oj G`jlew. tdnnojb

md tg`t tgd mddtojb gì addj `rr`jbdi* Aereioj gì effohds ej tgd

sdheji fneer ef ` auoniojb oj tgd eni Bdrm`j Hejhdssoej 'sdozdi ay

tgd Hgojdsd oj tgd Rerni R`r/* @ftdr wòtojb g`nf `j geur. O w`s

usgdrdi ojte gos prdsdjhd Gd w`s àeut fofty. t`nn. gd`vy aut wdnn

auont. wotg ` tgohl m`jd ef an`hl gòr* Gd gì ` fnewojb an`hl mus-

t`hgd. sdttojb eff ` f`hd m`rldi ay `j `quonojd jesd `ji h`jioi i`rl

dyds* Rgond O w`s tgdrd. Aereioj streid rdstndssny àeut. suhlojb `

popd* Gd speld venuany. `ji oj pdrfdht Djbnosg* Gd w`s `j ompesojb

foburd.novojb up

te gos rdput`toej fer s`b`hoty `s wdnn `s fd`rndssjdss*

O `sldi Aereioj gew gd g`ppdjdi te keoj tgd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej`ry

mevdmdjt*

"Ygd n`td Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj ojvotdi md te hemd te Hgoj` feur yd`rs

`be. gd sòi* O `m oj tgdor rdvenutoej `s `j ojiovoiu`n tgeubg

j`tur`nny O g`vd my ewj oid`s fer hejiuhtojb ot fer tgd beei ef tgdor

pdepnd* O g`vd je hejjdhtoej wotg Meshew*



?7 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

Aereioj sòi tg`t tgdrd heuni ad je truny Hemmujost Xt`td oj

Hgoj` `t tg`t tomd*

Of tgd Hemmujost S`rty ef Hgoj` wdrd adojb j`mdi tei`y. gd

sòi. ot heuni jet ad h`nndi Hemmujost* O g`vd feuji ot os ompessoand

te hemmujozd tgd Hgojdsd sompny adhùsd ot os jet pessoand te hem-

mujozd pevdrty* Ygd Hgojdsd pdepnds `rd ioffdrdjt frem tgd Qusso`js

er tgd @mdroh`js* Ot mobgt ad pessoand te hemmujozd tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds. wgdrd yeu g`vd v`st wd`ntg `ji prepdrty h`j ad hemmuj`n.

er ewjdi ay tgd hemmujoty* KKutHgoj` os pevdrty-strohldj* Hem-

mujosm 'oj ots purd sdjsd/ os ompessoand* Gdjhd. eur tgderods `rd

hg`jbdi* Rd sddl. ef heursd. te òi tgd pnobgt ef nàerdrs `ji tgd

f`jjdr. er pd`s`jt. hn`ssds*

Ygd spnot wgohg w`s te evdrtgrew gom se swoftny w`s dxpnòjdi

frem gos peojt ef vodw*

>9Rd areld wotg J`jlojb. er Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. fer twe

m`ker rd`sejs. gd sòi* Forst. Hgo`jb adb`j tgd Jertgdrj Dxpdio-

toej frem H`jtej oj 0?16 wotg 43.333 mdj* Gd rd`hgdi tgd _`jbtzd

V`nndy wotg 933.333 treeps* Oj tg`t v`st `rmy tgdrd wdrd sherds ef

ràand wge keojdi te s`vd tgdor jdhls* Ygdor effohdrs wdrd jet oj-

spordi wotg tgd purpesds ef tgos rdvenutoej tgdy ojfnudjhdi Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl te sdozd Xg`jbgò. sendny te fonn tgdor ewj pehldts wotg beni*

Xdheji. Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl h`md ujidr tgd ojfnudjhd ef

tgd mdrhg`jts `ji hemprìerd hn`ss oj Xg`jbgò* Gd bet ` fdw mon-

noej ienn`rs frem tgdm `ji `brddi te geni iewj nàer se tgd brddiy

mobgt hejtojud te w`x f`t `ji wd`ntgodr* Hgo`jb w`s `nse sw`ydi ay

tgd ferdobj a`jls `ji os nest oj tgd sgìews ef tgesd ojoquoteus

tdmpnds ef tgd mejdy-hg`jbdrs oj Xg`jbgò* Gdjhd. `s f`r `s tgd

Hgojdsd mevdmdjt. er rdvenutoej. os hejhdrjdi. gd os ieemdi*

Aut fer ejhd. Aereioj drrdi* Gd. jet Hgo`jb. w`s tgd ieemdi

m`j. `s ` rdvenutoej`ry oj Hgoj`*

Gd dxpnòjdi gos `ttotuid tew`ri tgd ferdobj Sewdrs*

Of tgd Sewdrs sdd oj Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl ` sdheji M`rsg`n Hg`jbYse-noj tgdy wonn try te tgrew Hgoj` a`hl ojte hgès. `ji `jto-ferdobj-

osm wonn hejtojud ojidfojotdny* Ygos rdvenutoej wonn jet dji tgdrd*

Ygdsd pdepnds `rd `reusdi* Memdjt`rony steppdi. tgdy wonn hejtojud

tew`ri tgdor idstojy anojiny `t tomds. yds< aut tgdy wonn hejtojud

tew`ri tgd be`n wd jew idsord* Ot os ojdvotànd* Ye òi tgdm `ji

us. tgd Sewdrs sgeuni jew rdhebjozd tgd J`toej`nost Bevdrjmdjt



QDI QTND @Y G@JLER ??

gdrd oj G`jlew* Ot os fer yeur bevdrjmdjt oj R`sgojbtej. fer `jy

ferdobj bevdrjmdjt. te m`ld up ots moji wgohg os Hgoj`"s trud bev-

drjmdjt. adst dquoppdi te ndì tgdsd pdepnds tew`ri `hgodvdmdjt ef

tgdor be`n* Of tgdy h`jjet m`ld up tgdor mojis. turmeon wonn pdrsost

`ji prdsdjt hejiotoejs oj Hgoj` wonn rdmòj ojidfojotdny*

Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds sddms te ad brewojb `s ompdro`nostoh `s Brd`t

Arotòj g`s addj fer tgd p`st hdjtury* Rgy a`hl `jy f`htoejs5 Rdnn.

wgy ie yeu a`hl ejd soid oj Joh`r`bu` `ji jet tgd etgdr5 _eu

suppert f`htoejs tgdrd sompny adhùsd yeu g`vd spdho`n ojtdrdsts oj

Hdjtr`n @mdroh`. `ji `nn N`toj @mdroh`* _eu `rd `j ompdro`nostoh

j`toej*

*Ygd m`j ojsostdi tg`t tgd purpesd ef tgd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej w`s

prom`rony te òi nàerdrs `ji mdj `ji wemdj ej tgd f`rms* Ygdsd

seho`n preandms must ad senvdi. gd sòi. adferd tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds

heuni adhemd ujotdi* Ygd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej. `s vodwdi ay gom.

w`s ` f`rm rdnodf prebr`m ` keojt F`rmdr-Nàer Mevdmdjt. oj ots

gobgdst sdjsd* Gos idsord sddmdi te ad te òi tgd Hgojdsd oj tgdor

ojiustro`n rdvenutoej. somon`r te tgd ejd oj Djbn`ji `ji @mdroh` ef

tgd p`st gujirdi yd`rs< te òi tgdm te adhemd `j ojiustro`n j`toej.

`ji tgus effdr ` brd`tdr m`rldt fer f`rm preiuhts ef dvdry sert*

Ygus tgd ydnnew m`j heuni dmdrbd `s ` pewdr ej d`rtg*

Aereioj ojvotdi md te nujhg `t gos `p`rtmdjt ` i`y er se n`tdr*

@t tg`t tomd gd put eut ` fddndr tew`ri `j @mdroh`j ne`j te tgd

G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt. dmpg`sozojb `ji rdotdr`tojb tg`t Hgoj` w`s

bdttojb je mejdy frem Meshew `t tg`t tomd* O gì `sldi of Meshew

weuni jet ad ` adttdr prespdht. er of tgdy wdrd jet bdttojb rdvdjud

tgdrd*

Jet ejd hdjt. Aereioj sòi. àsenutdny jet ` hdjt* Ygd Xevodt

Tjoej os `nw`ys r`tgdr dhejemoh`n* Rd `rd spdjiojb `reuji )133.-

333.333 Mdx* ` yd`r gdrd oj tgos rdvenutoej* Rd h`j bdt tgos frem

v`roeus t`xds. ef heursd. oj tomd* Gd ojsostdi G`jlew w`s beei

fer tgd gord ef tgd mejdy. `ji hdrtòjny weuni mddt gdr ferdobj

idats* Rd idsord te stàonozd eur hrdiot àreì. gd sòi* Rd g`vd

je oid` ef rdjeujhojb eur idats. er tgesd wd m`y ojhur*

Furtgdrmerd. yeu wdrd jet steppdi ay tgd aebdy ef "sdhuroty" oj

tgd h`sd ef Durepd iurojb tgd Rerni R`r* Rg`t sdhuroty ioi @mdr-

oh` g`vd tgdj5 Jejd! Rotg ` ne`j. wd heuni rdfuji Hgoj`"s j`-

toej`n idat< `ji wd weuni p`y ot eff oj ` hdrtòj pdroei ef tomd. s`y



033 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

g`nf ` hdjtury tgd s`md `s Fr`jhd. er `jy etgdr j`toej* @mdroh`

jddi g`vd je fd`r ef n`hl ef sdhuroty gdrd*

Frem n`tdr gostery hejhdrjojb ojtdrj`toej`n eanob`toejs. ot weuni

`ppd`r tg`t Aereioj"s epojoejs wdrd jet se f`r-fdthgdi `s tgdy sddmdi

oj G`jlew tgdj* Aut jetgojb dvdr h`md ef tg`t vosoej`ry shgdmd oj

Hgoj`< `t nd`st. jet fer tgd Hemmujost-hejtrenndi rdbomd f`r up tgd

_`jbtzd*

@s ejd vot`n rdsunt ef tgd merd ndjodjt `ttotuid tew`ri ferdobj-

drs. tgd tojy henejy ef ferdobjdrs h`rrodi ej nofd oj G`jlew vortu`nny

tgd s`md `s adferd tgd Hgojdsd strubbnd* @soid frem tgd f`ht tg`t

ausojdss steei `nmest oind. tgd mdj `ji tgd fdw wemdj wdjt àeut

tgdor iòny nofd ujmendstdi* V`roeus hnuas wdrd epdj* A`rs wdrd `n-

w`ys jd`rny funn* @t jeej `ji oj tgd dvdjojb tgd Frdjhg Hnua `ji

tgd G`jlew Hnua wdrd tgd mest pepun`r* Ygd adùtofun G`jlew

Q`hd Hnua gì ots usu`n td`-i`jhds. wotg ` ferdobj erhgdstr` d`hg

dvdjojb* Ygd benf heursd w`s oj usd `ji tgd tdjjos heurts ehhupodi

aut tgd wgend tgojb rdmojidi md ef ` sldndtej struttojb àeut* Oj

jerm`n tomds tg`t v`st hnua os tgd mddtojb-pn`hd ef 133 er 833 pdrsejs

d`hg `ftdrjeej* Oj tgesd i`ys. pdrg`ps ` sherd er se b`tgdrdi tgdrd.

tgd ejny wemdj adojb Bdrm`js* Ygdrd wdrd 23 @mdroh`js stonn oj

G`jlew. 033 Arotosg. àeut 433 K`p`jdsd `ji 143 Bdrm`js* K`p`jdsd

ausojdss rdepdjdi ` fdw i`ys n`tdr*

Ygd K`p`jdsd mìd tgd formdst st`ji `ji rdfusdi G`jlew"s id-

m`ji fer tgd rdmev`n ef tgdor `rmdi bu`ris `s wdnn `s tgdor a`radi

word `ji s`jia`bs* Ygd K`p`jdsd Hejhdssoej w`s rdmojoshdjt ef

Xg`jbgò. `ji p`ssds wdrd rdquordi te djtdr* Ygd rdst ef G`jlew.

gewdvdr. w`s woid epdj* J`toej`nost seniodrs `ji effohdrs struttdi

àeut tgd strddts dvdrywgdrd* Ygeus`jis ef ferdobj sòners àe`ri

w`rsgops oj tgd g`raer wdrd jet pdrmottdi sgerd nd`vd fer wddls ad-

hùsd ef `j ojhoidjt oj tgd K`p`jdsd Hejhdssoej* A`jls rdmòjdi

hnesdi. aut dvdjtu`nny tgd mdj oj tgd G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt feuji `

w`y te pdrmot tgdm te epdr`td `t ` prefot. idspotd tgd tdmper`ry sonvdr

dma`rbe*

Ygd ejny ferdobj jdwsp`pdr tgdrd tgdj w`s Ygd Sdepnd"s Yroaujd.

puanosgdi ay tgd bevdrjmdjt* Gewdvdr. Ygd G`jlew Gdr`ni rd-

epdjdi wotg ots forst jdw ossud tgd jdxt Froi`y merjojb `ftdr my`rrov`n* Ygdrd w`s je steppojb Aruje Xhgw`rtz. tgd dioter `ji pua-

nosgdr ef tgos woid-`w`ld @mdroh`j iòny* Ygd rdepdjojb ef tgd a`jls.



QDI QTND @Y G@J QER 030

`s wdnn `s tgd rdturj ef m`jy K`p`jdsd. ojioh`tdi ` bdjdr`n ndssdjojb

ef tgd tdjsoej. `t nd`st tdmper`rony* Xeej ot w`s je nejbdr i`jbdreus

te w`nl àeut `t jobgt `jywgdrd. dxhdpt oj tgd j`tovd hoty* Ygd

Frdjhg Hejhdssoej w`s jet teuhgdi. @jj`motds penohojb tgd strddts `s

tgdy ioi oj Xg`jbgò* Ygd mevods wdrd rujjojb jobgtny* Ferdobjdrs.

dspdho`nny @mdroh`js. mevdi a`hl ojte tgdor gemds* Ygd @mdroh`j

Hejsun`td jew gì ejny mysdnf `s budst oj ` a`rr`hls-stynd qu`rtdrs

ej tgd tgori fneer* O sndpt ej `j orej het sgoppdi tgdrd frem Ldjesg`.

Roshejsoj*

Ygdbevdrjmdjt-ewjdi tdndbr`pg

nojds wdrdepdr`tojb.

aut tgdor

fujhtoejojb w`s ujs`tosf`htery* Srovondbds te w`r herrdspejidjts te

sdji tgdor mdss`bds henndht wdrd h`jhdnndi. fer tgd G`jlew effohd ioi

jet heepdr`td wotg J`jlojb `ji Xg`jbgò iurojb tgd spnot wotg tgd

Luemojt`jb ndìdrs iewj tgd _`jbtzd* Iosp`thgds gì te be eut ay

mdssdjbdr ej ae`ri `j ehh`soej`n Arotosg rovdr std`mdr. er tgreubg `

ferdobj idstreydr beojb eut te tgd he`st* Ygdy wdrd rdn`ydi àreì

ay hànd frem Xg`jbgò. aut wdrd ojv`roàny sdvdr`n i`ys er dvdj `

fertjobgt n`td. of idnovdrdi `t `nn*

Get `ji p`jtojb heenods. `nrdìy jeosy `ji iorty djeubg adjd`tg

n`ydrs ef pdjdtr`tojb rdi iust wgohg resd frem hn`y ef tgd rovdr

a`jls. sw`rmdi tgd strddts oj v`roeus st`bds ef ujirdss* Ygdy peppdi

tgd ojdvotànd Hgojdsd fordhr`hldrs dvdrywgdrd i`y `ji jobgt. ìiojb

te tgd ioj ef G`jlew `t tgd st`rt ef tg`t jobgtm`rosg summdr* Ygdor

hejtroautoej te tgd hejfusoej ef iòny dxostdjhd '`ji tgd w`y tgdy b`vd

tgd nod te tgd pepun`r Rdstdrj adnodf oj tgd ojshrutàonoty ef tgd so-

ndjt Erodjt`n"+ w`s ` tgojb te adgeni!/ w`s je òi te tgd jdrvds. `nrdìy

kumpy `ji fr`ydi ay dvdjts oj rdhdjt wddls*

Ygd _`jbtzd w`s ` rdm`rlànd sobgt tgdj. ujnold `jytgojb adferd

er sojhd* Ygd areì strd`m w`s notdr`nny hr`mmdi wotg w`rsgops ef

m`jy j`toejs* Ygdor omprdssovdjdss h`jjet ad dx`bbdr`tdi* Frem

mywojiew oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds

Hejsun`td.ot sddmdi

`bnew`t

jobgt*

Nobgts frem m`jy hr`ft bnd`mdi tgreubg tgd i`rljdss. `ji tgd mdj

ej ae`ri sdjt frdqudjt sobj`ns te ejd `jetgdr* Eftdj tgdsd j`v`n

sobj`ns wdrd mdrdny semd sgop"s effohdrojvotojb `jetgdr te toffoj tgd

jdxt i`y. aut ot ioij"t m`ttdr tgdrd w`s mystdry `ji `wd oj tgd sobgt*

Sewdrfun sd`rhgnobgts pddrdi evdr tgd strd`m"s surf`hd fer str`jbd

eakdhts wgohg wdrd eftdj `fne`t ej tg`t i`rl rovdr"s sojostdr hurrdjt




Ygdsd ìidi tgdor fojbdrs ef an`zd te tgd wgend ` teuhg ef tgd

Jertgdrj nobgts oj dffdht*

Oj ` sgert tomd O w`s te rdturj te Xg`jbgò `ji tgd trustwertgo-

jdss ef ` ferdobj-ruj hànd-gdì tgdrd* Kujd gì kust ir`wj tgd hur-

tòj ej gdr dvdjtfun wddls wgdj O gdìdi a`hl iewj tgd _`jbtzd.

jet wotgeut ` sobg ef rdnodf*



TS YE YGD FQEJY

YGDHgrosto`j Bdjdr`n%" M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb. w`s a`hl

frem ` sekeurj oj Meshew* Ygdrd wdrd rumers tg`t gd mobgt

hejfdr wotg Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl semdwgdrd jd`r tgd

Frejt oj tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej"s ìv`jhd tew`ri tgd jertg* Gos

pesotoej oj tgd J`jlojb-G`jlew spnot w`s vot`n te Hgoj`"s rdvent*

My t`sl w`s te ioshevdr wg`t ot w`s frem tgd `stutd M`rsg`n oj pdr-

sej. of pessoand* Oj ndss tg`j twe wddls. gd h`md d`st te mddt Bdj-

dr`n Hgo`jb `t Gsuhgew-fu. oj Lo`jbsu Srevojhd. jd`r tgd Xg`jtujb

aeridr*

Xe O wdjt tgdrd `nse*

Mystdry survovds aut fòjtny oj tgd gd`rt ef Hgoj`* Oj Kujd 0?12.

wotg twe etgdr ferdobj herrdspejidjts O spdjt ` fertjobgt oj tgd ojtd-

roer* Rd vosotdi tgd w`r frejt `ji wd tr`vdndi gujirdis ef monds

tgreubg ` n`ji ef f`rmdrs* Sd`s`jts `t werl oj pd`hdfun v`nndys `rd

jet bn`mereus< `ji t`nds ef i`ys wgdj `jhodjt tyr`jts rundi `ji

w`rrdi. `ji tgos n`ji ef tgd Ir`bej w`s ujljewj te ` wejidrojb

Rdst. fìdi oj tgd w`rm sujsgojd ef Kujd"s meidrj i`ys*

Eni tdmpnds stonn dxostdi `ji tewdrojb p`bei`s rd`rdi tgdor sterodi

fojbdrs ojte tgd anud< aut tgd tdmpnds rettdi go idh`y. sldndtejs ef `j

enidr bnery. ehhupodi ay treeps wge. nold br`y r`ts. shuttndi oj `ji eut

ef v`h`jt ieers* Ygd p`bei`s. ejd fdnt. must g`vd addj usdi `s sones

fer tgd bròj Hgoj`"s benidj g`rvdst wgohg. nold gdr beni oj `jetgdr

i`y. w`s s`ppdi frem ots seurhd te prevoid tgd dvdr-iomojosgojb sojdws

ef w`r se tg`t tgd

Luemojt`jbQdvenutoej

mobgt beej*

Hgoj`. oj adojb aerj `bòj. idstreydi dvdry vdstobd ef gdr fermdr

sdnf* Ygd ir`bej sguffndi eff ots `jhodjt heon* Ygd prehdss os tr`boh.

ydt ` vodw ef ot `t hnesd r`jbd oj 0?12 gì ots mdrots oj ` sdrods ef

quddr dxpdrodjhds oj tgd D`st*

Rd wdrd tgrdd ej tg`t dxpdiotoej te quòjt Gsuhgew-fu. oj tgd

dxtrdmd jertgdrj top ef Lo`jbsu Srevojhd. jd`r tgd Xg`jtujb Srevojhd

038




aeridr. wgdrd tgd J`jlojb J`toej`nost nojd gì addj pusgojb brìu-

`nny jertgw`ri `ji d`stw`ri te tgd S`hofoh* Iurojb tgd djtord trop wd

jetohdi jet tgd snobgtdst `jto-ferdobjosm `mejb tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd.

idspotd tgd tgereubg-beojb prep`b`ji` ef tgd J`jlojb ùtgerotods

`bòjst wg`t tgdy tdrmdi ""ompdro`nosts%" wgohg tgd `vdr`bd Hgojdsd

j`tur`nny dxpdhtdi te ojhnuid `nn ferdobjdrs* Ygd prep`b`ji` pestdrs

wdrd dvdrywgdrd* Mest ef tgdm wdrd onnustr`tdi. oj eridr tg`t tgd

onnotdr`td Hgojdsd 'tgd v`st m`keroty ef tgd pdepnd/ mobgt bdt semd

fòjt oid` ef wg`t ot w`s `nn àeut* @ji tgd ompdro`nost w`s oj-

dvotàny. ef heursd. ` wgotd ferdobjdr* Rd `nse s`w ` jumadr ef `jto-

K`p`jdsd pestdrs iurojb tgos trop. wgohg wdrd hg`r`htdrozdi ay foburds

ef K`p`jdsd treeps idspeonojb tgd Hgojdsd*

O st`rtdi fer tgd dxhotojb trop up te tgd frejt ej Xuji`y. Kujd 01.

0?12. beojb `s f`r `s J`jlojb wotg fermdr Xdj`ter Gor`m Aojbg`m.

ef Hejjdhtohut. wge. wotg gos sej. Reeiaroibd Aojbg`m. gì addj

m`lojb ` tgereubg teur ef Hgoj`. aetg Jertg `ji Xeutg* Oj J`jlojb.

O mdt Qeadrt X* Sohldjs. ` spdho`n herrdspejidjt fer tgd Hgoh`be

Yroaujd. `ji ` I`josg herrdspejidjt j`mdi Ir* @`bd L``rup Jodnsdj*

Ir* Jodnsdj w`s ` Xeutg Sen`r dxpnerdr. `mejb etgdr tgojbs. `ji fer

sox er sdvdj yd`rs gì addj tr`vdnojb fer tgrdd Xh`jioj`vo`j jdws-

p`pdrs. rdturjojb te Durepd te ndhturd `ji wrotd aeels ej wg`t gd

gì sddj* O gordi ` heel. teel feei `ji aettndi irojlojb w`tdr. `ji

wotg ` tr`jsn`ter st`rtdi fer J`jlojb `ji tgd frejt*

O ndft Xg`jbgò `t ?;03 `*m*. beojb te J`jlojb oj ` prov`td h`r

wotg tgd Aojbg`ms `ji Mr* Kund`j @rjeni. tgd @mdroh`j Hemmdrho`n

@tt`hgd oj Xg`jbgò* Rd `rrovdi àeut feur e"hnehl oj tgd `ftdrjeej*

@j ujidr-sdhrdt`ry frem tgd J`jlojb Ferdobj Effohd mdt us. tebdtgdr

wotg twe effohdrs frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds idstreydr Sd`ry. st`toejdi

tgdrd. `ji wd prehddidi te tgd B`ridj Getdn* @ftdrbdttojb sdttndi.

Mr* @rjeni `ji O. wotg tgd Ferdobj Effohd sdhrdt`ry '` hg`p j`mdi

Hg`jb/. h`nndi ej tgd n`td Ir* H* H* Ru. tgd J`jlojb Ferdobj Moj-

ostdr* Ir* Ru teni us arodfny ef tgd idsord ef gos Bevdrjmdjt te g`vdtgd ferdobjdrs rdturj te J`jlojb. `ssurojb us tg`t jdotgdr gd jer gos

hennd`buds wdrd `jto-ferdobj* Rd hemp`rdi J`jlojb"s Bevdrjmdjt

wotg tgd G`jlew J`toej`nost breup. `ji Ir* Ru sòi tgd ejny iof-

fdrdjhd w`s tg`t J`jlojb w`s `jto-Qdi* Ygd bdjdr`n mdhg`josm ef

tgd twe bevdrjmdjts w`s tgd s`md* Ygdsd pdepnd. gewdvdr. ioi jet

fddn tg`t nàer sgeuni ad pn`hdi ydt oj suhg `j dx`ntdi pesotoej*



TS YE YGD FQEJY 034

Mr* @rjeni `ji O. wotg Hg`jb. idp`rtdi fer ` teur ef J`jlojb*

Rd vosotdi J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty `ji irevd tgreubg tgd breuji ef

Bojnojb Henndbd fer borns* Aetg wdrd fujhtoejojb `ji dxpdhtdi te

brìu`td hn`ssds tg`t wddl* Ygd mossoejs suppertojb tgdm. mdj oj

hg`rbd teni md. wdrd pn`jjojb te hejtojud te ie se. idspotd tgd f`ht

tg`t je ferdobj td`hgdrs rdmòjdi*

Ygd getdn `t J`jlojb wgdrd O st`ydi. wgond jet tgd mest meidrj

oj tgd werni. w`s ` surprosd* Ygd reems wdrd n`rbd `ji hemfertànd*

Ygd pn`hd w`s funn tgdj. `ji O teel evdr ` reem adnejbojb te Sohldjs.

wge gì bejd te Xg`jbgò evdr tgd wddl dji* J`jlojb w`s quodtdr

tg`j O gì addj ndi te adnodvd. `ji jejd ef us. ot sddmdi. w`s oj tgd

snobgtdst i`jbdr* Gewdvdr. tgd jdxt i`y O jetohdi ` fdw osen`tdi dvo-

idjhds tg`t `nn w`s jet wdnn oj tgd rdn`toejs adtwddj ferdobjdrs `ji

tgd Hgojdsd*

Jdxt merjojb wd wdjt ej `jetgdr teur ef J`jlojb* Ygd Xt`ji-

`ri Eon geusd. wgdrd fofty-eii ferdobjdrs gì b`tgdrdi iurojb tgd

J`jlojb Ojhoidjt. w`s ` wrdhl* Ot w`s ` stoff hnoma up tgd gonn ej

tgd eutslorts ef J`jlojb te wgdrd ot steei evdrneelojb tgd hoty `ji

tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr* Ygdrd w`s `j eni toj hup feur fddt gobg. ` trepgy

mìd ef Xt`ji`ri Eon fovd-b`nnej tojs. st`jiojb oj tgd y`ri. a`ttdrdi

`ji adjt* Ej ots idf`hdi surf`hd ejd heuni stonn m`ld eut tgd weris

pòjtdi oj an`hl ej tgd trepgy* Ygdy rdì; @mdroh`j Yd`m. Oj-

tdrj`toej`n Sene. `ji adjd`tg tgos. ejd ujidr tgd etgdr. wdrd tgd

j`mds ef mdmadrs ef tgd td`m* Adnew tgos nost w`s tgd i`td. 0?10 <

`ji `t tgd aettem. ` ruidny sldthgdi foburd ef ` gersd* Ygd Hgojdsd

ràand hejsoidrdi tgos sdjtomdjt`n trepgy tee trovo`n te aetgdr std`nojb*

Ygdy ndft nottnd dnsd* Ygd a`tg tuas wdrd bejd. `nn nobgt `ji w`tdr

foxturds gì addj roppdi eut. wojiews areldj. a`sdae`ris stroppdi eff.

dvdrytgojb ndft oj hempndtd hejfusoej*

Ndttdrs `ji p`rts ef djvdnepds n`y dvdrywgdrd. tebdtgdr wotg eni

jdwsp`pdrs `ji m`b`zojds* @ terj p`bd frem Ygd Jdw _erl Yomds

n`y oj ` g`nnw`y wotg shr`ps ef pdrsej`n ndttdrs te tgd mdj frem tgdor

metgdrs. wovds. frodjis* Idsen`toej gujb nold ` sgreui `reuji tgos

ejhd novdny geusd wgesd d`vds jew iroppdi ròj* An`jl. sobgtndss

wojiews b`zdi ujsddojb `hress tgd vdri`jt n`jish`pd. evdr tgd v`nndy

`ji rovdr fn`ts adnew te wgdrd tgd ydnnew _`jbtzd swddps br`hdfunny

eut ef sobgt p`st Noej Gonn te tgd wdst*

Kund`j @rjeni `ji O h`nndi `bòj `t J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty. wgdrd wd




mdt tgd @htojb Id`j* Gd `ji `jetgdr prefdsser. aetg @mdroh`j hen-

ndbd brìu`tds. teel us te vosot tgd gemd ef `j @mdroh`j prefdsser

wge gì dv`hu`tdi. Kegj Qdosjdr. Ot w`s ehhupodi ay J`toej`nost

treeps wge seubgt te eastruht eur djtr`jhd* Rd pusgdi ay `ji wdjt

ojsoid* Furtgdr idsen`toej* Je furjoturd w`s ndft etgdr tg`j ` a`t-

tdrdi po`je. ots overy ldys stroppdi frem tgd ae`ri. ots strojbs sj`ppdi.

usdndss* Rd wdrd eridrdi eut adferd wd heuni be f`rtgdr. tgd sen-

iodrs. ubny `ji mdj`hojb. spd`lojb oj buttur`n tejds te eur Hgojdsd

frodjis* My tr`jsn`ter teni md tgdy gì h`nndi tgd prefdssers ""ruj-

jojb iebs ef ompdro`nosm.

0 "

` tgdj pepun`r Hgojdsd sneb`j*

Ot w`s eur forst sobj ef `jytgojb nold `jto-ferdobjosm. `ntgeubg tgd

Xdj`ter"s sej gì teni us ef `j ehhurrdjhd tgd jobgt adferd tg`t w`s

wersd* Gd w`s te spdji tgd jobgt ej tgd T* X* X Sd`ry. `ji àeut

7 e"hnehl wdjt iewj te tgd iehl te mddt ` nùjhg gd gì addj teni

weuni `wòt gom* Gd feuji je nùjhg. se teel ` s`mp`j* Ygd j`vy

mdj teni gom tgd nùjhg gì wòtdi fer gom. aut tg`t wgond wòtojb

`t iusl ` Hgojdsd mea b`tgdrdi `ji idm`jidi tg`t tgdy ad `nnewdi

àe`ri te ojspdht tgd ae`t* Ygd sòners rdfusdi `ji wdrd brddtdi ay

` sgewdr ef stejds* Q`tgdr tg`j hrd`td ` iostura`jhd. tgd @mdroh`js

idhoidi te wotgir`w Ot hest yeujb Aojbg`m )1. gd sòi. te gord `

s`mp`j te tgd Sd`ry Ygd usu`n prohd os 13 er 83 hdjts fer tgos tdj-

mojutds" rewojb te moistrd`m*

Mr @rjeni ndft `t jeej @ftdr toffoj. tgd Ferdobj Effohd sdhrdt`ry

areubgt us ojvot`toejs te ` iojjdr adojb bovdj fer Xdj`ter Aojbg`m*

Iurojb tgd `ftdrjeej. wd vosotdi tgd @mdroh`j Hejsun`td* Gdrd `bòj

wd feuji ` wrdhl ; s`fds a`ttdrdi. p`pdrs sh`ttdrdi dvdrywgdrd. trujls

dmptodi. twe er tgrdd adistdìs mojus adi hnetgojb er m`ttrdssds*

Eutsoid. ` penohdm`j steei bu`ri* Ygdrd w`s nottnd te bu`ri* @ J`-

toej`nost sd`n gì addj pn`hdi evdr tgd ieers ef tgd gubd effohd s`fd*

Ot w`s jet epdjdi. aut dvoidjhds wdrd m`jy ef ` a`ttnd wotg tgd a`y-

ejdts ef seniodrs* Frem tgdrd. wd vosotdi tgd gemd ef tgd n`td Ir*

Kegj Ronno`ms. tgd J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty m`j wge w`s muridrdi* Ot

w`s ehhupodi ay treeps*

O s`t jdxt te Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `t iojjdr tg`t dvdjojb* Ot

w`s tgd forst tomd O gì sddj gom sojhd n`td @pron. oj Xg`jbgò. `ji

wd t`nldi ef gos vohterods `ji wg`t gd pn`jjdi te ie jdxt* Gd sòi

gd w`jtdi tgd @mdroh`js te hemd a`hl te J`jlojb. `ji tg`t gd weuni

sdd tg`t tgdy wdrd s`fd* Gd `nse sòi gd weuni eridr tgd treeps eut



TS YE YGD FQEJY 032

ef ferdobj prepdrt} of semdaeiy weuni suamot te gom ` nost ef tgd

geusds se ehhupodi. `ji tgdor ewjdrs*

O mìd `rr`jbdmdjts ej Yudsi`y te be jertg te tgd Gsuhgew-fu

frejt. tgd J`jlojb eutpest `t tgd top ef Lo`jbsu Srevojhd. jd`r Xg`j-

tujb* Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl effdrdi md ` bu`ri wgdj O t`nldi wotg gom oj

tgd `ftdrjeej. `ji tgos O bnìny `hhdptdi* Gd `nse wretd twe ndttdrs

te gos bdjdr`ns `t tgd frejt. ojtreiuhojb md `ji `slojb tg`t tgdy dx-

tdji heurtdsods* My neh`n p`sspert w`s ` quddr fnomsy iehumdjt. ad-

ojb rd`nny ` monot`ry p`ss. aut Hg`jb 'my ojtdrprdtdr/ sòi ot weuni

bdt md ay `jywgdrd oj J`jlojb-hejtrenndi tdrrotery*

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl b`vd md gos ùtebr`pgdi pgetebr`pg* Gd `bòj

strdssdi gos idsord te g`vd @mdroh`js rdturj te J`jlojb* O subbdstdi

tg`t tgd `jto-ompdro`nostoh pestdrs tgdy gì up `nn `reuji wdrd g`riny

hejiuhovd te tgd rdturj ef ferdobjdrs tgdy sgeuni ad hg`jbdi `ji

pestdrs f`verànd te tgd wgotd m`j put up* Ygd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf

sòi tgos mobgt ad iejd* Gd sòi `nse tg`t gd `ji M`rsg`n Fdjb

_u-gso`jb wdrd oj hempndtd `hheri. `ji tg`t M`rsg`n _dj Gso-s`j oj

Xg`jso Srevojhd wdst ef Sdlojb w`s werlojb wotg gom oj tgd J`toej-

`nost rdvenutoej* Aut ejd h`jjet tdnn* Ot w`s f`t`n te rdny ej suhg oj-

ferm`toej. dvdj wgdj bovdj ay mdj oj gobg pn`hds* Ygdy `nn gì

tgdor ewj ojtdrdsts te pretdht*

Ir* Jodnsdj. tgd I`josg herrdspejidjt. `rrovdi `t tgd B`ridj Getdn

tg`t dvdjojb* Gd `ji Sohldjs. wge gì rdturjdi. `ji O pn`jjdi te

bdt ujidr w`y tgd jdxt merjojb ay tròj* Ygdrd w`s je w`y ef

tdnnojb wg`t sert ef tròj ot weuni ad. gewdvdr. fer mest ef tgd rennojb

stehl gì bejd jertgw`ri wotg tgd rdtrd`tojb Xg`jtujb seniodrs*

Ygd tgrdd ef us `ji Xdhrdt`ry Hg`jb gì Hgojdsd hgew++ tg`t

jobgt ej ` pohturdsqud h`j`n ae`t* Arewj-aeiodi ae`tmdj shunndi us

`nejb< Hgojdsd n`jtdrjs aeaadi ej `nn soids< tgdrd w`s tgd seuji ef

sgronn Hgojdsd musoh `ji tgoj veohds ef tgd sojb-sejb borns.tgd hg`ttdr

ef M`g Kejbb tonds `s wd fne`tdi `nejb* @ shdjd ef hener `ji nùbg-

tdr `ji p`pdr n`jtdrjs. rdfndhtdi oj tgd i`rl w`tdr* Je w`rs er

rumers ef w`rs gdrd* Ygd Hgojdsd `rd nold tg`t*

Gewdvdr. O feuji ej Rdijdsi`y tg`t bdttojb `w`y frem J`jlojb

w`s jet `s d`sy `s ejd mobgt tgojl* Ygd tròj ndft `t sdvdj ojstdì

ef jojd. `s wd gì addj teni. `ji tgd Hgojdsd hg`p wge teni us wrejb

w`s vdry serry* Ejd os ompetdjt oj tgd f`hd ef tg`t vdry serry dx-

prdssoej ef tgd D`st* Eur monot`ry bu`ri%" ` r`tgdr ojhejsdqudjto`n




yeujb effohdr. teni us tg`t `jetgdr ndft `t twe e"hnehl. `ji wd pn`jjdi

te t`ld tg`t* Aut wd gìj"t foburdiej tgd heel* Ygos rdm`rlànd

pdrsej ndft d`rny oj tgd merjojb te auy prevosoejs fer tgd keurjdy<

`ji gd rdturjdi kust `t twe e"hnehl. premptny* Rd gì teni gom tgd

tròj ndft `t twe. gdjhd gd must bdt a`hl oj tomd* Gd `rrovdi ej tgd

iet. `t twe. `ji wgdj ot w`s dxpnòjdi oj idtòn `ji jet wotgeut `

aon ef ferhd tg`t ot w`s ompreaànd wd heuni bdt te tgd fdrry `ji `hress

tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr `nn oj `j ojst`jt te h`thg tgd tròj. hemprdgdjsoej

`ji serrew sprdì evdr gos idmurd fd`turds* Gd. tee. ot turjdi eut.

w`s vdry serry* Oj tgd md`jtomd. wd gì te wòt ujton `jetgdr

merjojb te be*

Rd foj`nny bet ujidr w`y tew`ri tgd frejt ej Ygursi`y* Ot teel

ttd frem feur-tgorty tg`t ròjy merjojb ujton tdj `t jobgt te bdt st`rtdi

frem Sulew. aut `t n`st wd wdrd ej tgd tròj. `ji tg`t w`s semd-

tgojb*

Qosojb oj tgd br`y i`wj. wd rusgdi te bdt tgd Sulew fdrry `t fovd

e"hnehl* Eur spdho`n effohdr fòndi te `ppd`r. nold ` i`jiy nottnd fdnnew.

nd`vojb us te werry àeut eur ewj futurd* Ygd heel wd gì sdjt

`gdì. `ji gd w`s wòtojb ej tgd st`toej pn`tferm fer us adsoid `

heenod tròj k`mmdi wotg seniodrs* Gd sòi tg`t ot w`s pessoand tg`t

tròj mobgt punn eut `t sdvdj e"hnehl. aut gì gos ieuats*

O sòi ot mobgt punn eut `t sdvdj er `jy etgdr e"hnehl fer `nn wd

h`rdi wd heunij"t roid ej ot* Ygdrd w`sj"t ` squ`rd ojhg ef sp`hd

`jywgdrd ej `jy ejd ef tgesd frdobgt h`rs< `ji of tgdrd gì addj. wd

heuni jdvdr g`vd p`hldi eur heel `ji gos tgrdd p`hlojb h`sds ef

prevosoejs àe`ri* Ot w`s gepdndss* Eur effohdr gì fòndi te `ppd`r

`jywgdrd `nejb tgd reutd. aut jew `s wd wdrd b`zojb àeut gd andw

oj `ji sòi tgdrd weunij"t ad ` tròj ujton `t nd`st twe e"hnehl tg`t

`ftdrjeej*

Aut wd mevdi eur heel `ji gos nubb`bd `ji eursdnvds `nejbsoid

`jetgdr `ji ` f`r adttdr tròj wgohg. O ioshevdrdi ay `slojb ejd ef

tgd seniodrs wge speld Djbnosg. w`s wòtojb fer Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-

sgdl* Ygd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf w`s dxpdhtdi te be up te tgd frejt

tg`t i`y. gd sòi* Ygdrd wdrd twe forst-hn`ss hemp`rtmdjt h`rs wgohg

subbdstdi preioboeus pessoaonotods!

O `sldi eur ojtdrprdtdr te bdt ot `hress te tgd Nottnd Henejdn wotg

us tg`t wd idsordi te djtdr ejd ef tgdsd h`rs `ji rdst ujton tgd Bdj-

dr`n `rrovdi* Gd w`s sgehldi `ji surprosdi. `ji dshertdi us te tgd



TS YE YGD FQEJY 03?

wòtojb reem ojstdì* @ftdr g`nf `j geur. `s wd s`t ej g`ri hgòrs

oj tgos fdtoi pn`hd `ji w`thgdi tgd Hgojdsd buzznd seup. gd peujhdi

oj ej us `ji `jjeujhdi ` tròj w`s nd`vojb oj ` fdw mojutds `ji tg`t

wd gì adttdr t`ld ot*

Dn`tdi. wd i`sgdi eut `nn rdìy fer Aob Ygojbs* Gd ndi us a`hl

te tgd woid epdj sp`hds ef tg`t heenod tròj* Gd sloppdi jomany

`gdì tgreubg ` nobgt irozznd `ji wd. eur `rier i`mpdjdi ay m`jy

tgojbs wgdj wd b`zdi ej tgos f`mono`r sobgt. fennewdi w`rony* Dvdj

tgd dshert w`s ` aot hrdstf`nndj* Gd gì dvoidjtny t`ldj semdaeiy"s

weri fer ot tg`t tg`t tròj effdrdi dxhdnndjt `hhemmei`toejs fer `

troe ef w`r herrdspejidjts `ji tgdor frodjis. `nn g`riy `ji usdi te

reubgojb ot! Rd neeldi `t tgd tròj wgdrd seniodrs `ji heenods s`t

ej truhls. fonndi epdj he`n h`rs. dxuidi frem bròj h`rs `ji s`t

pdrhgdi dvdrywgdrd `tep `jytgojb. wotg tgdor umardnn`s* ^Vd neeldi

serrewfunny `t eur w`yw`ri dshert `ji tgdj wd w`nldi `w`y* Ot

sompny heuni jet ad iejd*

@s wd strenndi `nejb oj tgd nobgt irozznd. O tgeubgt merd `ji merd

ef husgoejs `ji tg`t forst hn`ss h`rro`bd O teni eur ojtdrprdtdr tg`t

wd wdrd jew beojb te epdj tgd h`r `ji sot tgdrdoj ujton furtgdr je-

tohd* Gd ieuatdi ot* Aut my hemp`joejs. iosbustdi `ji rdìy te

try ot. fer wd heunij"t ad wersd eff. `ssdjtdi* O trodi tgd ieer te tgd

h`r* Ot w`s nehldi* @ yeujb effohdr stdppdi eut ef tgd jdxt h`r. `ji

O `ppd`ndi te gom* Ot turjdi eut tg`t gd w`s ` mdmadr ef tgd Srep`-

b`ji` Herps `ji ` fermdr jdwsp`pdr m`j frem Xg`jbgò `ji"Sdlojb

wge usdi te werl ej ` p`pdr tg`t Dubdjd Hgdj gì diotdi* Gos

j`md w`s Sùn Hgu. gd sòi. `ji gd w`s ` brìu`td ef `j @mdroh`j

mossoej henndbd oj Hgoj`* O teni gom tgd Bdjdr`n gì ojvotdi us te

be te Gsuhgew-fu. tg`t wd wdrd bdttojb je `ttdjtoej `t `nn. `ji tg`t

`nn oj `nn. tgd trop se f`r gì addj je gewnojb suhhdss*

Gd peojtdi eut tg`t tgd h`r wgohg wd w`jtdi te djtdr w`s nehldi*

O ìmottdi tgos. aut subbdstdi wd p`y ` nottnd seho`n h`nn ej tgd Xt`toej

M`stdr `ji sdd wg`t gd weuni ie* Rd ioi* Ygd Xt`toej M`stdr

nd`rjdi wd wdrd budsts ef tgd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf. wgohg. oj ` w`y.

w`s trud* Gd w`s `penebdtoh* @ji wg`t os merd te tgd peojt. gd

epdjdi tg`t h`r! Rd p`rldi oj ` hemp`rtmdjt fer tgd rdst ef eur

keurjdy te Gsuhgew-fu. fer idspotd dfferts ej tgd p`rt ef eur nottnd

effohdr-dshert. wd rdfusdi te auibd frem eur hemfertànd hemp`rtmdjt.

wgdrd ejd mobgt nod strdthgdi eut ej ` nd`tgdr upgenstdrdi sd`t `ji




snddp* Aea Sohldjs preiuhdi `j ompert`jt neelojb iehumdjt wgohg

^vd gì gì `t tgd getdn oj J`jlojb. bovdj us ay tgd Ferdobj Effohd*

Ot `htu`nny ioi idhn`rd. ujidr tgd Bevdrjmdjt Xd`n. tg`t wd wdrd

budsts ef tgd Ferdobj Effohd `ji wdrd jet te ad iosturadi* Rd wdrd

ndft `nejd gdjhdfertg `ji gì ` beei roid*

Ygd heel. a`hl oj tgd a`bb`bd h`r. w`s `fròi te epdj gos pre-

vosoej aexds fer fd`r tgd pn`yfun seniodrs qu`rtdrdi wotg gom mobgt

ojsost ej tgdor sg`rd* Xe wd `td rohd oj n`rbd aewns `ji w`sgdi ot hnewj

wotg ndmejìd* Ygd i`y p`ssdi snewny* Rd pgetebr`pgdi tgd heenod

tròj wotg ots `hhemp`jyojb h`rs neìdi wotg sox meter truhls tg`t.

wotg wgotd-`rhgdi a`hls. neeldi nold hevdrdi w`bejs* Ygdy wdrd fer

usd `t tgd frejt oj tr`jspert sdrvohd `ji `s `maun`jhds. wd wdrd teni*

Ygd Srep`b`ji` aeys wdrd ausy tgd wgend i`y nejb pòjtojb pohturds

ef tgd n`td Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj ej tgd tròj `ji hepods ef tgd Luemoj-

t`jb dmandm dvdrywgdrd. `s wdnn `s puttojb up jdw `ji adttdr pestdrs*

Eur+

"bu`ri keojdi us wotgeut iospn`y n`td oj tgd `ftdrjeej. bnì

te ìmot idfd`t `ji idsdrt gos a`bb`bd h`r qu`rtdrs jew k`mmdi wotg

treeps p`rt. O prdsumd. ef Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s bu`ri* Gd sòi Hgo`jb"s

idp`rturd w`s stonn ojidfojotd. aut ^vd gì idhoidi te stohl ay eur

hemp`rtmdjts 'wd jew gì t`ldj twe ìkeojojb ejds `ji ldpt tgdm/.

of ot teel ` wddl* Ygd Hgojdsd wdrd mest frodjiny. `ji O feuji ejd

ef tgd aeys ej tgd tròj speld Djbnosg wotg `j @mdroh`j `hhdjt*

Ot sddms gd werldi oj Vnìovestel wgdj wd gì treeps oj Xoadro`

iurojb tgd Rerni R`r*

@aeut sox e"hnehl. wd wdjt ejte tgd pn`tferm fer ` strenn Ot w`s

` nuhly gujhg* Rd mdt tgd m`j`bojb iordhter ef tgd rònw`y `ji gd

w`s bnì te t`nl te ferdobjdrs `ji pr`htosd gos Djbnosg* Gos j`md

w`s Reei pdrvdrsoej ef semd Hgojdsd j`md. ef heursd `ji gd w`s

` brìu`td ef `j @mdroh`j ujovdrsoty* Gd w`s muhg ojtdrdstdi oj

eur trop< `ji gd subbdstdi wd mobgt g`vd treuand bdttojb tròj `h-

hemmei`toejs frem Gsuhgew-fu a`hl te Sulew* O gì tgeubgt ef

tgd s`md tgojb* Xe Mr* Reei wretd ` jetd te gos m`j `t Gsuhgew-

fu `ji eridrdi gom te bovd us ` prov`td h`r wgdj wd w`jtdi ot*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `rrovdi `t ?;93. `ji fovd mojutds n`tdr

wd wdrd eff fer Gsuhgew-fu* Gd hùbgt sobgt ef us `s gd m`rhgdi

p`st. `ji rdturjdi eur s`nutd* Rotg ` brd`t anewojb ef m`jy aubnds.

wd punndi eut fer tgd jertg `t ?;94 p*m*

Rg`t spottdrs tgd Hgojdsd `rd t Eur h`r. oj tgd j`rrew òsnd eut-



TS YE YGD FQEJY 000

soid eur hemp`rtmdjts. w`s `novd wotg jeosds ay i`yard`l. `ji tgd

neuidst ef tgdsd w`s tgd spottojb ay dvdj-aeiy. dvdrywgdrd. prdfdr-

àny. ot sddmdi. ej tgd fneer* Ot w`s ` b`md ef gehl. spot `ji kump%"

wotg us ieojb tgd kumpojb* Ejd ef tgesd tgojbs yeu g`vd te bdt usdi

te oj Hgoj`. `ji dnsdwgdrd oj tgd D`st* Ot os ` j`toej`n hustem*

Rd gì te snddp oj eur hnetgojb iurojb tgd jobgt. We adi hnetgds*

O usdi my arodf-h`sd 'wgohg w`s `nn my nubb`bd. ojhoidjt`nny. ej tg`t

teur/ `s ` ponnew* Ot w`s ` adùtofun jobgt wotg meejnobgt `hress

tgd mdìews `ji frdqudjt n`lds `ji quotd hgonny* @s wd steppdi `t

d`hg tewj. tgd Senotoh`n Aurdù pestdr prep`b`ji` aeys wdjt àeut

puttojb up jdw `ji sgojy pestdrs ej dvdrytgojb* Eur tròj w`s not-

tdrdi wotg sobjs* Ej tgd Bdjdr`n"s h`r ` aob an`hl-`ji-wgotd pestdr

oj Hgojdsd rdì; Ye HEJBQ@YTN@YD BDJDQ@N HGO@JB L@O-XGDL EJ

GOX JEQYGDQJ DWSDIOYOEJ 03.333 _D@QX! Ygos n`st w`s ` typoh`n

Hgojdsd dxprdssoej md`jojb nejb nofd `ji g`ppojdss* Ir* Xuj"s pgete-

br`pg w`s pòjtdi ej tgd h`r. `ji tgdrd wdrd tgd usu`n sneb`js. `s

IERJ ROYG OMSDQO@NOXM! IERJ ROYG YGD HEMMTJOXY S@QY_!

`ji HND@J TS YGD MONOY@QOXYX!

Ygd heel. nold ` beei fdnnew. turjdi up `t sox e"hnehl oj tgd merj-

ojb wotg tojjdi feei `ji fruot. `ji tgd aey areubgt td` `ji get w`tdr*

Ygd tròj"s pdrsejjdn. `soid frem tgd m`jy treeps. ojhnuidi jum-

dreus pdepnd ef ompert`jhd. `mejb tgdm rdprdsdjt`tovds ef M`rsg`n

Fdjb _u-gso`jb* Ywe ef tgdm. vdry beei fdnnews. h`md oj fer ` hg`t*

Ygdy swerd tg`t Fdjb w`s `nn fer Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb. `ji tgdy sòi gd

w`s `nrdìy g`nf-w`y te Gsuhgew-fu ej tgd Nujbgò Qònw`y Nojd

Ejd hg`p `nse swerd Fdjb w`s idì `bòjst tgd Hemmujost S`rty oj

Hgoj`* Ygos sddmdi te md r`tgdr str`jbd. `ftdr tgd gdnp Fdjb _u-

gso`jb. tgd `nndbdi Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n. bet frem Meshew `ftdr gos

idfd`t oj Sdlojb oj 0?14* Ygd ieuatfun m`j sddmdi r`tgdr te ad _dj

Gso-s`j. oj Xg`jso. Aut. tgdy sòi. gd w`s aeuji te hemd evdr te tgd

Xeutg* Ejd ef tgd mdj. Yojb Yu`j-soè. ` fermdr iordhter ef tgd

Sdlojb-Mulidj Qònw`y. sòi gd tgeubgt Hg`jb Yse-noj weuni geni

Sdlojb te tgd n`st iothg* Aetg wdrd aottdr `bòjst K`p`j fer sdjiojb

treeps te Xg`jtujb* Xe w`s dvdryaeiy. ot sddmdi* Ygdy rdh`nndi

K`p`j"s òiojb Hg`jb Yse-noj `bòjst Lue Xujb-noj oj M`jhguro` oj

Idhdmadr `ji K`ju`ry. 0?14-16. wgdj Yelye idhn`rdi ` ""jdutr`n

zejd `t Mulidj `ji st`vdi eff wg`t sddmdi te ad hdrtòj idfd`t fer

Hg`jb*




Rd p`ssdi jumdreus st`toejs* Dvdrywgdrd hrewis turjdi eut te

brddt tgdor Bdjdr`n* Ygd heujtry w`s `s fn`t `s L`js`s adùtofun

f`rm heujtry. strdthgojb `w`y fer monds oj `nn iordhtoejs `s f`r `s ejd

heuni sdd* Rd st`rtdi frem Sulew tgreubg ` new r`jbd ef meuj-

tòjs. `ji gobg gonns. arewj oj tgd a`hlbreuji. wdrd stonn vosoand

`bòjst tgd anud sly* Rd p`ssdi tgreubg Fu No Hgo `t 03 `*m* Ot

w`s ejd ef tgd prdttodst purdny Hgojdsd g`mndts O dvdr s`w* Mui

geusds wotg wgotd tond reefs. hurnojb up `t tgd d`vds *** ` w`nndi

tdmpnd gobg ej ` f`r gonn * * * adbb`rs. semd eni `ji adjt. etgdrs

yeujb `ji j`ldi* O tessdi tgdm heppdrs. `ji `s tgd tròj punndi eut

` aob aey bràadi ejd heoj ef tgrdd O"i tgrewj ` j`ldi nottnd hg`p jet

evdr tgrdd yd`rs ef `bd* Ygd aày gewndi. `ji O sgeutdi neuiny `ji

wotgeut iobjoty `t tgd r`sh`n* Gd ireppdi tgd heoj `ji fndi*

Rd rd`hgdi Gsuhgew-fu `t jeej* @ monnojb. a`jjdr-w`vojb rd-

hdptoej `wòtdi Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl* Gsuhgew-fu dj fdtd. `

genoi`y idhn`rdi. brddtdi eur p`rty* Rd bet rohlsg`ws te tgd B`ridj

Getdn wgdrd O mdt Bdjdr`n Sdo Hgujb-gso. h`pturdr ef Xg`jbgò. t`nl-

ojb wotg Mdrnd N`vey. `kevo`n

S`tgd jdwsrddn vdtdr`j wge gì addj

evdr te tgd frejt oj Xg`jtujb* Ygd pn`hd w`s funn ef seniodrs. fer

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb mìd gos BGP tgdrd* Rd mdt m`jy effohdrs. ojhnui-

ojb tgd Senohd Hemmossoejdr. wge tgeubgt ` heni irojl weuni be beei

`ftdr eur get roid* Ot ioi*

@jetgdr effohdr `rr`jbdi fer reems fer us tgreubg tgd Hgojdsd

Hg`madr ef Hemmdrhd* Rd gì toffoj `t tgd getdn `ji tgdj mevdi te

eur qu`rtdrs* Ygdy wdrd oj ` sp`hoeus reem ojsoid `j eni Hgojdsd

tdmpnd. wotg a`maee `ji m`jy fnewdrs brewojb oj tgd y`ri* M`ker-

Bdjdr`n M` Ge-hgew. oj hg`rbd ef tgd `rtonndry ujot wotg tgd Ydjtg

@rmy. qu`rtdrdi gdrd. h`nndi ej us* Gd areubgt Bdjdr`n S`jb Ysodj-

tsò. `nse ef tgd Ydjtg @rmy. `nejb. ` smonojb Auiig` ef ` m`j. beei

j`turdi `ji fujjy. ` areì. r`tgdr sdnf-hejshoeus broj `nw`ys ad`mojb

`hress gos f`t. pnd`s`jt. arewj. reuji f`hd* Xgertdjojb gos j`md.

S`jb. wd iuaadi gom S`. te be wotg Bdjdr`n M`. eur gest* Ygdn`ttdr speld fòrny beei Djbnosg* Gd w`s ` sporotdi fdnnew wgesd mdj

must g`vd nevdi gom*

Rd ndft `t feur e"hnehl. `ftdr td`. `ji ojtdrvodwdi Bdjdr`n No

Hgujb-kdj `t gos y`m`j* Gd `brddi te t`ld us up te tgd frejt wotg

gom oj ` fdw i`ys* Ot w`s àeut 033 no. er ` nottnd evdr 83 monds te

tgd nojds wgdrd gd w`s `ssobjdi. wgohg wotg treeps weuni ad ` twe



TS YE YGD FQEJY 008

i`ys" m`rhg* @aeut sox wd teel eur idp`rturd. te sddl adi hnetgds

oj tgd m`rldt-pn`hd* Tjton wd bet ` penohdm`j `t BGP te gdnp us.

wd bet jewgdrd* Ygd mdrhg`jts. ej genoi`y. rdfusdi te epdj up* Rdioij"t bdt eur mesquote jdttojb. ujfertuj`tdny. `ji `nn ef us gì `

g`ri fobgt iurojb tgd jobgt wotg tgdsd pdsts. `ji wotg fnods `t suj-up*

N`vey `ji gos h`mdr`m`j. Hgdj. wdrd wòtojb fer us wgdj wd bet

a`hl te eur tdmpnd-gemd àeut sdvdj* Ygdy gì addj te tgd D`stdrj

frejt oj Xg`jtujb wotg Bdjdr`n Sdo Hgujb-gso. `ji N`vey teni us ef

dxpdrodjhds tgdrd* Gd w`s `kenny aob fdnnew wge gì addj `nn evdr

tgd werni wotg gos h`mdr`. oj w`rs dvdrywgdrd. `ji ej `nn frejts oj

Durepd iurojb tgd Rerni R`r* Gd heuni tdnn ` mdrry t`nd wdnn* Gd

`jtohop`tdi ` ard`l-up oj tgd Jertgdrj ferhds tg`t summdr ef 0?12

`ji ` m`rhg te Sdlojb ay tgd J`toej`nosts adferd m`jy mejtgs*

Rgond wd wdrd hg`ttojb. Bdjdr`n M` keojdi us `ji `s gos hejtroautoej

te tgd p`rty s`jb ` pepun`r @mdroh`j sejb. % w`jt te sdd my gemd

oj Ioxod! Gd w`s t`nn. wotg ` fodrhd an`hl must`hgd. loji dyds `ji `

revojb sporot tg`t w`s `nw`ys gottojb ej semdtgojb jdw te s`y er ie*

Gd w`s ` j`tur`n seniodr `ji wdnn-fottdi te ad ` ndìdr ef gos r`bbdi

`ji jejd tee sporotdi treeps*

Gd areubgt oj g`nf ` iezdj effohdrs tdj mojutds n`tdr `ji ojsostdi

wd `nn be ojte gos qu`rtdrs `ji iojd Hgojdsd-hgew stynd* N`vey

gì te rdfusd aut wd `hhdptdi. `ntgeubg tgd heel gì `nrdìy prd-

p`rdi iojjdr* Rd iojdi ay h`jindnobgt `reuji ` ae`ri tànd. wotg

feei oj tgd hdjtdr oj djermeus qu`jtotods wgohg wd `td wotg hgep-

stohls* Ywe ef tgd effohdrs speld K`p`jdsd aut je etgdr ferdobj n`j-

bu`bd* Bdjdr`n M` foj`nny fdnt hejstròjdi te sojb ejhd merd `ji ioi.

oj ` ge`rsd. kevo`n veohd* Gd tgdj ojsostdi tg`t gos budsts sojb. `ji

Aea Sohldjs `ji O eanobdi wotg semd ef tgd henndbd sejbs wd aetg

ljdw. djiojb up wotg Gòn. Gòn tgd B`jb"s @nn Gdrd. te wgohg eur

iobjofodi Bdjdr`ns tgdrd wdrd fovd Bdjdr`ns `ji sdvdr`n ndssdr effohdrs

prdsdjt tgumpdi tgd tànd rdseujiojbny!

Ygd vohd-hgòrm`j ef tgd m`ss mddtojb te wdnhemd Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl jdxt i`y w`s prdsdjt `t tgd iojjdr. `ji gd ojvotdi us `nse

te m`ld ` spddhg* Rd gdni ` hejfdrdjhd ej tgossuakdht. `ji ot w`s

foj`nny `brddi tg`t O w`s te m`ld ` arodf `hljewndibmdjt ef tgd

gejer iejd us oj Gsuhgew-fu. tgd tgrdd ef us te ad ojtreiuhdi `t ejd

tomd `ji O te s`y tgd podhd*

Ygd jdxt i`y w`s X`turi`y. Kujd 07. `ji tgd gubd Hgojdsd m`ss




mddtojb w`s `j omprdssovd suhhdss `ntgeubg wd ioi jet spd`l* Ygd

Hgojdsd wdrd nejb ej ìirdssds. `ji wgdj ot w`s tomd fer eur idaut

tgd pdepnd wdrd

wd`ry

ef

st`jiojb

m tgd get suj `ji ot w`s p`st

jeej `ji dvdryaeiy w`s gujbry. ojhnuiojbus* Xe wd ndft* Bdjdr`n

Hgo`jb mìd ` beei spddhg. `s usu`n. `ji gd idjodi tg`t tgd Lue-

mojt`jb mdmadrs wdrd `bòjst Hgrosto`joty er Hejfuho`josm er `jy-

tgojb dnsd oj tgd w`y ef rdnoboej er frddiem ef spddhg `ji tgeubgt*

Ygd mddtojb w`s gdni ej ` areì pnòj `t tgd dibd ef tgd hoty.

adyeji tgd w`nn Ygd suj w`s areonojb get aut wd ioij"t moji tg`t

se muhg. adojb budsts ej ` sgìy pn`tferm* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb `rrovdi

àeut tdj e"hnehl* Gd s`nutdi us `ji h`md evdr te `sl of wd"i bet

hemfertànd qu`rtdrs* Ygd mddtojb areld up àeut 01 ;83* Ygd strd`m

ef gum`joty up tgd gonn `ji a`hl te tewj w`s ` brd`t sobgt* Ygd Ieh

oj ` rohlsg`w hevdrdi `nn evdr nold ` hevdrdi-w`bej w`s ` f`jt`stoh

sobgt oj gos wrgotd gdnmdt. roiojb arddhgds. lg`lo he`t `ji h`mdr`*

Rd gì ` sodst` `ftdr toffoj. tgd i`y adojb get `ji je ejd storrojb

O `weld `t tgrdd e"hnehl te foji tgd reem fonndi wotg seniodrs* Ygdy

wdrd `j ojquosotovd net. `nn Guj`jdsd. `ji vdry frdsg. aut tgdy ndft

quohlny wgdj `j `ssdmany adnn r`jb* Ot s`vdi us semd dma`rr`ssmdjt.

fer wd weuni g`vd gì te dvoht tgdm* Ygdy gì addj idm`jiojb

hob`rdttds `ji td`. semd fofty er merd ef tgdm. `ji tg`t weuni g`vd

t`ldj ` net ef hob`rdttds `ji td`* Aut wd wdrd roi ef tgdm. tg`jls te

tgd adnn wgohg h`nndi tgdm te ferm`toej* O iej"t ljew gew tgdy bet

oj. aut wd hempnòjdi te eur Bdjdr`n M`. `ji gd pestdi ` bu`ri

wgohg prdvdjtdi furtgdr treuand ef tgos loji*

Eur jdxt h`nndr w`s ` stuidjt-td`hgdr ef `rt wge h`nndi fer je

beei rd`sej dxhdpt te t`nl wotg tgdsd ferdobj idvons* Gd w`s pnd`s-

`jt djeubg. `ntgeubg ` f`tueus-f`hdi b`neet. `ji gd premosdi te pòjt

us ` f`j `podhd* Gd sòi gd tgeubgt tgd pdepnd weuni nold tgd J`toej-

`nosts ejhd tgdy bet `hquòjtdi adttdr. fer. gd sòi. m`jy ef tgd effo-

hdrs wdrd wdnn diuh`tdi* "Ygdsd J`toej`nosts%" gd hejfoidi. g`vd

ojtdrdsts oj `rt `ji notdr`turd. wgond tgd Jertgdrjdrs `rd reubg fdn-

news. ujdiuh`tdi* O tgojl tgd J`toej`nosts wonn ad pepun`r. tgdrdferd*

Jew. tg`t w`s ` jdw `jbnd ej tgd rdvenutoej*

Ygd tewj w`s prdp`rojb fer tgd wdnhemd ef M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-

gso`jb. wge w`s iud oj tgd merjojb* Sestdrs fndw dvdrywgdrd* Rd

aeubgt mesquote jdts. neeldi `t kìd. `ji `ftdr foxojb eur qu`rtdrs `ji

jdttojb fer tgd jobgt. wdjt te Bdjdr`n R`jb Yodj-pdo"s -qu`rtdrs fer



TS YE YGD FQEJY 004

iojjdr* Ygdrd wd nd`rjdi wd gì te mevd `t ejhd. fer Fdjb w`s te

ad bovdj eur reems oj tgd tdmpnd ! Xe wd mevdi adferd iojjdr oj `

brd`t h`r`v`j ef rohlsg`ws tgreubg tgd j`rrew. reubgny heaandi strddts

ef Gsuhgew-fu. `ji iojdi n`td `t dndvdj e"hnehl wotg tgd effohdrs ef

Bdjdr`n R`jb"s mdss* Ygd Bdjdr`n gì te nd`vd te `ttdji ` wdnhemd

hemmottdd mddtojb te prdp`rd fer Fdjb"s `rrov`n `t i`wj tgd jdxt i`y*

Gd w`s hemm`jidr ef tgd Ydjtg @rmy `ji `j eni Ru Sdo-fu m`j<

` herio`n gest `ji pnd`s`jt. `s mest ef tgdsd pdepnd wdrd te us* Rd

wdrd trd`tdi nold projhds ej `nn g`jis. `ji dvdj `mejb tgd pdepnd

tgdrd w`s jet ` tr`hd ef `jto-ferdobjosm*

Eur jdw qu`rtdrs wdrd oj ` idsdrtdi borns" shgeen `t tgd dibd ef

Gsuhgew-fu. ehhupodi ay Bdjdr`n R`jb `ji gos bu`ri `ji tgd prep`-

b`ji` aurdù hg`ps* Ot w`s ` a`rj-nold pn`hd. aut pohturdsqud ` fojd

vodw w`s te ad gì ef tgd djtord hoty* @ftdr iojjdr. sdvdr`n ef tgd

effohdrs `hhemp`jodi us te eur reems* Ywe ef tgdm gì stuiodi dj-

bojddrojb oj Fr`jhd `ji Bdrm`jy. `ji wd bet `nejb jeany oj areldj

Frdjhg. ioshevdrojb ` hemmej ljewndibd ef sdvdr`n Frdjhg a`nnìs*

Ejd yeujb M`ker w`s p`rtohun`rny preui ef gos Ydrpsohgerd`j `hhem-

pnosgmdjts `ji prevdi gos st`tdmdjts ay dss`yojb tgd Hg`rndstej ej

tgd reubg ae`ris ef tg`t `ttoh hg`madr* Ygdy ndft us sgertny `ftdr

moijobgt* Rd rdmìd eur aonndts ej ieers robbdi up `s adis tgd

g`ridst weei O g`vd ydt ioshevdrdi*

Rd wdrd ojvotdi te nujhg wotg Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `ji Fdjb _u-

gso`jb ej Xuji`y merjojb. aut mossdi ot* Feenosgny prdsumojb tgd

p`rty weuni ad `t jeej er n`tdr. wd wdjt àeut h`nnojb ej gdì-

qu`rtdrs. `ji reid te tgd rònw`y st`toej te sdd tgd m`j te wgem O gì

` jetd àeut ` prov`td h`r. of `ji wgdj wd weuni w`jt ot* Rd bet te

tgd Hg`madr ef Hemmdrhd wgdrd Fdjb w`s bovojb tgd nujhgdej `t

jeej `ji tgd p`rty w`s evdr* Ot gì adbuj `t dndvdj* Rg`t `j geur

te d`t nujhg t Rd `rr`jbdi te ojtdrvodw Fdjb `t gos qu`rtdrs `t feur

e"hnehl*

Fdjb _u-gso`jb prevdi te ad fexy* Gd b`vd us je iordht `jswdrs

ej `jytgojb* O `sldi gom wg`t gd dxpdhtdi te ie oj Gsuhgew-fu*

Gd sòi gd dxpdhtdi te hejfdr wotg Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl* Rd `sldi gom

wgy. `ji gd sòi gd gì gd`ri muhg àeut Hgo`jb `ji tg`t gd. Fdjb.

w`s ` mdmadr ef tgd Luemojt`jb `ji w`jtdi te m`ld Hgo`jb"s `h-

quòjt`jhd* @sldi of gd gì hemd te effdr funn heepdr`toej wotg

Hgo`jb. gd sòi tg`t gd gì addj heepdr`tojb wotg Hgo`jb fer m`jy




mejtgs. `jyw`y. `ji weuni hejtojud te ie se* Gd sòi Aereioj w`s

`j `hquòjt`jhd ef gos. aut tg`t gd noldi Hgo`jb adttdr* Gd sòi gd

ioi jet ojtdji te suppert sdp`r`tdny dotgdr J`jlojb er G`jlew. ad-

hùsd gd idhn`rdi tgdy weuni seej mdrbd ojte ejd bevdrjmdjt `bòj*

@s te tgd Hemmujost S`rty oj Hgoj`. Fdjb sòi gd heuni s`y

jetgojb. tg`t qudstoejs hejhdrjojb penotohs wdrd sdttndi ay tgd Hdjtr`n

Dxdhutovd Hemmottdd ef tgd Luemojt`jb* Oj tg`t f`sgoej gd soid-

stdppdi `nn m`ker qudstoejs*

@s wd wdrd nd`vojb. O sòi; ""Rdnn. Bdjdr`n. `rd yeu stonn ` Hgros-

to`j5 Gd brojjdi `ji rdpnodi. Ie yeu tgojl O neel nold ejd5

@ji tg`t w`s tg`t* Gd pesdi fer pohturds `ji. stonn brojjojb adgoji

gos tgrdd-i`ys" ad`ri. aoi us ` herio`n ` nottnd tee herio`n. O tgeubgt

f`rdwdnn*

Rd wdjt te ` iojjdr tg`t jobgt bovdj ay Hgo`jb fer Fdjb `t tgd

B`ridj Getdn Aetg tgd Bdjdr`ns mìd sgert spddhgds. r`tgdr md`j-

ojbndss. rdfdrrojb te tgd jeand projhopnds ef tgd J`toej`nost Hùsd `ji

h`nnojb ej dvdryaeiy te stohl tebdtgdr* Hgo`jb dxtenndi Fdjb `ji

wdnhemdi gom ojte tgd feni< `ji Fdjb dxtenndi Hgo`jb fer gos voh-

terods oj gos m`rhg jertg frem H`jtej* @ftdr ot w`s evdr O speld

arodfny te Hgo`jb àeut bdttojb ` pgetebr`pg ef tgd twe ef tgdm te-

bdtgdr. `ji gd premosdi te `rr`jbd ot* Xe. gemd te eur shgeengeusd

reems oj rohldty rohlsg`ws. tgreubg tgd tumany eni w`nndihoty*

Ygd Hgo`jb-Fdjb hejfdrdjhd w`s iud te dji tgd jdxt i`y. `ji wd

idhoidi tg`t sojhd tgdrd w`s je w`y te bdt jdws eut aut ay mdssdjbdr.

ot w`s tomd te bdt a`hl te Xg`jbgò* Rd `sldi Mr* _u. tgd Xt`toej

M`stdr. te fox us up* Gd b`vd us ` prov`td frdobgt h`r. `ji put ot ej

` soiojb fer eur usd ! Ygdrd w`s jetgojb dnsd `vònànd* Ygdj. wgond

wòtojb te sdd Hgo`jb `t tgd getdn. wd mdt ` yeujb M`ker-Bdjdr`n.

I`voi Neg. hgodf ef hemmujoh`toejs `t tgd frejt. wge effdrdi us hets

`ji ` bu`ri* Xe wd wdrd `nn rdìy te idp`rt wgdj tgd hejfdrdjhd

djidi*

Bdjdr`n R`jb sdjt gos sobjdi pgetebr`pg evdr te us tg`t Meji`y`ftdrjeej `ji n`tdr. wotg gos st`ff. pòi us ` ferm`n h`nn* Ot w`s `

tdrrofoh stròj ej eur heel `ji gos td` sdrvohd. wgohg hejsostdi ef

tgrdd hups `ji sùhdrs. feur bn`ssds `ji semd tojs ef h`lds `ji

hr`hldrs* Aut wd mìd ot. p`rlojb tgd Bdjdr`n `ji gos effohdrs `reuji

ej weeidj adjhgds `ji eur ieer-adis* R`jb hejformdi my omprds-

soejs ef Fdjb* @ji ot neeldi `s tgeubg J`jlojb heuni jet mevd



TS YE YGD FQEJY 002

jertg ujton tgd G`jlew spnot w`s sdttndi* Ygdy wdrd stonn `fròi ef

Fdjb tgdrd* Rd gì ` quodt dvdjojb `t gemd `ji idhoidi te mevd

ojte eur aex-h`r forst tgojb oj tgd merjojb*

Rd wdjt àe`ri `t 03 `*m* Ygd tròj w`s iud te be `t jeej*

Bdjdr`n Neg w`s `s beei `s gos weri. `ji gos `rmy hets wdrd ej

g`ji* Rd feuji àeut g`nf ` iezdj etgdrs oj eur h`r `nse

mdj. wd nd`rjdi. bovdj spdho`n provondbd te roid wotg us. semd `s

bu`ris. etgdrs `s effoho`ns wge gì ompert`jt ausojdss oj J`jlojb `ji

gì je etgdr md`js ef tr`jspert`toej* Rd wdrdj"t hrewidi. se ot w`s

`nn robgt* O ireppdi9YSH" h`ris ef f`rdwdnn `t BGP `ji rdturjdi

te tgd tròj `t 00;83 `nn sdt te bdt `w`y* Rd gì bet eur pgete-

br`pg ef Fdjb `ji Hgo`jb tebdtgdr. `ji wdrd `ssurdi tg`t Fdjb w`s

nd`vojb `t jeej `nse. wgohg gd ioi* Hgo`jb sòi je st`tdmdjt ej tgd

hejfdrdjhd weuni ad ossudi ujton gd bet a`hl te J`jlojb*

Eur heenod tròj bet ujidr w`y `t 1;94 p*m* Ot hr`wndi ` sh`jt

tdj monds oj twe geurs. `ji steppdi oj tgd ròj* Rd st`ydi tgdrd `j

geur `rbuojb wotg tgd st`toej m`j `ji ` monot`ry tròj ojspdhter te

hut tgd tròj oj g`nf `ji ndt p`rt ef us be ej* Yg`t adir`bbndi djbojd

heuni ie jetgojb wotg tgd twdjty-feur h`rs ot w`s dxpdhtdi te punn*

Rd djidi ay a`hlojb `nn tgd w`y te Gsuhgew-fu ejhd merd. wgdrd

wd spdjt tgd jobgt* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s nd`vojb d`rny Rdijdsi`y

merjojb. `ji O `sldi Mr* _u te `tt`hg eur h`r te gos tròj* Gd sòi

ejd weuni nd`vd `t tdj e$

hnehl tg`t jobgt `ji wd gì adttdr bdt ot

`tt`hgdi te tg`t* Rd `brddi. `ji O wdjt a`hl te tgd soiojb. renndi

up oj ` an`jldt `ji ireppdi eff te snddp. gepojb aut jet dxpdhtojb te

bdt ujidr w`y tg`t jobgt*

Bdjdr`n Neg h`md te sdd us àeut jojd e"hnehl `ji t`nldi fer `j

geur àeut gos werl `ji gew tgd J`toej`nosts `ji Jertgdrjdrs fobgt.

`ji àeut tgd Qdi Hress werl oj Hgoj`* Gd sòi tgd iehters rdfusd

te aetgdr wotg weujidi prov`tds oj mest h`sds*

"Of prov`tds `rd sget tgreubg tgd ndb er sgeunidr. aut heuni bdt

wdnn. ot m`lds je ioffdrdjhd* Ygdy eridr tgd auro`n squì te tess

tgdm ojte tgd "idì+ gd`p `ji tgdy `rd aurodi `novd* Ygdy `rd teni

tgdy `rd ef je usd. tg`t tgdrd os je pn`hd te tdji te tgdm. `ji tg`t

tgdy gì adttdr iod fer tgdor heujtry jew `ji s`vd furtgdr suffdrojb.

Neg sòi* Ot os tdrroand* Effohdrs `rd semdtomds sp`rdi*

@ memdjt n`tdr. gd ndft `ji O turjdi oj fer tgd jobgt*

Eur ojtdrprdtdr `w`ldjdi md àeut 6;83 `*m* tgd jdxtmerjojb.




`ji sòi; Ygdy_d wòtojb fer Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb `ji gd os beojb te

nd`vd `jy mojutd jew* Rg`t sg`nn wd ie5 O r`j evdr te tgd

Gsuhgew-fu st`toej te foji seniodrs nojdi up. aubnds pn`yojb `ji eur

Xt`toej M`stdr ef àsenutdny je usd* Gd w`s vdry serry tg`t je

tròj Gì ndft iurojb tgd jobgt< aut gd gì je tomd tgdj*

Ygd Senohd Hemmossoejdr w`s ej g`ji* Gd trodi te bdt us `hhem-

mei`toejs ej `jetgdr h`r ej tgd Bdjdr`n"s tròj. aut ot w`s p`hldi*

O w`s fr`jtoh `ji furoeus. `ji idm`jidi tg`t eur h`r ad swothgdi ej

adgoji* Ygd Xt`toej M`stdr terd gos gòr `ji sòi ot w`s tee n`td*

Rd feubgt ot eut fer ` qu`rtdr ef `j geur. aut jetgojb g`ppdjdi*

Ejd yeujb fdnnew sòi; Rgy werry àeut tgdsd hr`zy ferdobjdrs

`jyw`y5 Ygd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf os iud `jy memdjt* Ndt tgdm

genndr aut iej"t aetgdr àeut tgdm*0 "

My ojtdrprdtdr tr`jsn`tdi `nn

tgos*

Ot w`s mostojb `ji tgd Bdjdr`n irevd up `ji tgd tròj w`s àeut

te nd`vd* Aea `ji tgd Ieh wdrd stonn evdr oj tgd aex-h`r ej tgd

soiojb. ` anehl `w`y* Ygd Bdjdr`n w`s ej tgd h`r stdp* Hgddrs `ji

aubnds* O bràadi tgd ojtdrprdtdr. pusgdi tgreubg tgd m`ss robgt up

te tgd Bdjdr`n `ji pùsdi. spd`lojb r`poiny te tgd ojtdrprdtdr `ji

neelojb `t Hgo`jb* O teni gom te tdnn tgd Bdjdr`n eur treuands `ji

tg`t wd w`jtdi te t`ld tg`t tròj te J`jlojb* Rgdj tgos w`s dx-

pnòjdi. Hgo`jb smondi `ji sòi. Rdnn. hemd ej oj my h`r* O teni

gom oj my ar`ji ef K`p`jdsd 'gd stuiodi oj K`p`j. `ji O w`s ej `j

@mdroh`j jdwsp`pdr oj Yelye tgrdd yd`rs/ tg`t tgdrd wdrd tgrdd ef

us* Gd sòi te bdt tgd etgdrs* O r`j. wgond tgd tròj wòtdi. `ji bet

Aea `ji tgd Ieh. teni tgd heel te p`hl gos tgojbs `ji h`thg tgd jdxt

tròj te Sulew `ji W`jlojb. `ji wotg my h`mdr` `ji arodf h`sd. r`j

a`hl te tgd tròj* Rd mìd ot* @j ojst`jt n`tdr tgd tròj sgevdi eff.

wgond tgd hrewi re`rdi*

Ejhd wd gì eur ard`tg. ` aey `ppd`rdi `ji `sldi us of wd

w`jtdi ard`lf`st* Rd gì areubgt je feei `ji gì gì je hg`jhd

te d`t* Rd bnìny `hhdptdi. `ji gd areubgt us g`m `ji dbbs. te`st

`ji k`m. `ji tgd adst heffdd oj mejtgs* Rgond wd `td. Hgo`jb ioh-

t`tdi te gos sdhrdt`rods* Gd neeldi evdr `ji `sldi `j geur n`tdr of

wd gì gì hgew* Gd `ji gos st`ff tgdj iojdi. kust `s wd gì*

Ygd tgrdd md`ns wd gì wdrd `nn ferdobj-stynd. tgd Bdjdr`n `ji gos

mdj d`tojb wotg ljovds. ferls `ji speejs. `ji d`tojb feei tg`t fer-

dobjdrs d`t je rohd er etgdr Hgojdsd iosgds*



TS YE YGD FQEJY 00?

@ftdr toffoj tgd hgodf sdhrdt`ry. ` yeujb H`ptòj wge w`s ` brì-

u`td ef tgd Tjovdrsoty ef Sdjjsynv`jo`. sòi tg`t gd gì ` mdss`bd

wgohg wdmobgt

nold te sdd* Ot w`s ` tdndbr`m wgohg

Fdjb_u-gso`jb

gì sdjt te G`jlew idm`jiojb tgd dvohtoej ef Aereioj `ji tgd etgdr

Hemmujosts tgdrd. `ji tgd mdrbojb ef tgd G`jlew pdepnd wotg J`j-

lojb fertgwotg!

Ygd sdhrdt`ry rdì ot eff oj fòrny beei Djbnosg. `ji Sohldjs `ji

O hàndi eur p`pdrs `ftdr rd`hgojb Xg`jbgò* Ygd Fdjb mdss`bd

neeldi `s tgeubg gd rd`nny md`jt te stohl ay Hgo`jb. `t nd`st fer tgd

memdjt* Rg`t gos b`md w`s te ad n`tdr w`s stonn ` mystdry* Dvdj

tgd st`ff effohdrs ioi jet trust gom muhg* O `sldi Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb

wg`t gd tgeubgt ef Fdjb `ji wgdtgdr gd adnodvdi Fdjb weuni stohl

ay J`jlojb. `ji gd. ef heursd. sòi tg`t gd trustdi Fdjb `ji w`s

hejvojhdi tgd ""Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n weuni hejtojud te suppert J`jlojb*

Aut O ieuatdi ot*

Of ot gìj"t addj fer Aea Sohldjs wd weuni jet g`vd rd`hgdi J`j-

lojb tg`t jobgt* Gd usdi te werl summdrs oj ` reuji-geusd iewj

oj H`renoj` Ygd weaany djbojd areld iewj twohd Aut Aea bet eut

`ji foxdi ot aetg tomds. huttojb ` fordm`j"s sgevdn g`jind oj twe te bdt

` poj fer ` irovojb rei* Ygdj gd sgewdi tgdm gew te fox tgd s`md

poj wgdj ot werldi neesd `ji tgd tgrdìs ej tgd juts wdrd werj

smeetg `s ` wgostnd `j geur `ftdr tgd forst ard`liewj*

Rd rd`hgdi Sulew àeut dndvdj e"hnehl `ji fdrrodi `hress te J`j-

lojb. bdttojb ` getdn reem ejny `ftdr ` Hgojdsd mevdi eut. pdrmottojb

us te usd ot* Ygd getdn w`s p`hldi. ejd budst adojb Fuì Ady.

fermdr Yurlosg Mojostdr `t Yelye. wge w`s tgdrd t`nlojb wotg Ir*

H* H* Ru àeut ` jdw hemmdrho`n trd`ty* Rd teel tgd merjojb

tròj te Xg`jbgò. tr`vdnojb oj ` h`r prevoidi fer Bdjdr`n Gu`jb.

tgdj M`yer ef Xg`jbgò. wge w`s `nse rdturjojb `ftdr ` vosot te tgd

frejt*

@nn tgrdd ef us gì ejny pròsd fer tgd w`y oj wgohg wd wdrd

trd`tdi oj ` heujtry wgdrd enidr rdsoidjts w`rjdi us tg`t eur gdìs

weuni jet ad wertg tgdor hgdmoh`n hejtdjt of wd wdrd te vdjturd ojte

tg`t woni ojtdroer oj suhg treuaneus tomds* Ot w`s ` n`rl fer us.

`jyw`y `ji O bet i`t` ej tgd Hgo`jb-Fdjb hemaojd `t forst g`ji*

Ot rdsuntdi oj tgd r`poi idhnojd ef tgd Qdi Qusso`j rund oj G`jlew*

O hùbgt tgd forst rovdr std`mdr a`hl up tgd _`jbtzd ej Kuny 1 te

ard`l tgd idtòns te Hemrìd Aereioj `ji gos Qusso`j @ivoser`td. `ji



8 YGD QDI FN@MD F@IDX

YGDrovdr std`mdr up tgd _`jbtzd-lo`jb ndft `j geur d`rnodr

tg`j O gì addj teni ot weuni fer tgd jdrvd-tojbnojb vey`bd te

G`jlew. `ji wd jd`rny mossdi tgd ae`t* Fr`jl Qondy ef Ygd

Nejiej Yomds 'Ygd Ygujidrdr/ `ji O tdndpgejdi te hgdhl tgd

tomd ef idp`rturd `bòj. fer std`mdrs `nejb tg`t w`tdr gobgw`y oj tgd

muiindi i`ys ef 0?12-17 ndft `jy pert wgdj tgd nd`vojb w`s beei*

O gì addj teni `t tgd podr tg`t tgd X* X* Yuhlwe weuni sòn `t

jeej se Qondy `ji O gì ` ndosurdny ard`lf`st `t tgd wdnn-`ppeojtdi

@mdroh`j Hnua tg`t oind

merjojbef

Kuny 1.wgdj wd wdjt

uptgd

rovdr* Gd w`s m`lojb ot fer wg`t `pp`rdjtny turjdi eut te ad gos

n`st trop* Rd p`hldi ejd a`b d`hg. gì tgd Hnua"s ieerm`j h`nn `

meter h`r. irevd te tgd iehl `t 0 0 ;83 `*m*. oj wg`t wd adnodvdi w`s

`mpnd tomd `ji s`w tgd dnusovd nottnd Yuhlwe kust ard`lojb `w`y

fer gdr vey`bd. `ji eurs* Rd irevd ej te tgd podr* Sohldjs ef tgd

Hgoh`be Yroaujd. w`s bdstohun`tojb woniny te us* Qondy `ji O kumpdi

frem tgd h`r* Ygd Yuhlwe w`s `nrdìy twe y`ris frem tgd weeidj

podr. `ji tgd `jbry w`tdrs ef tgd ydnnew _`jbtzd wdrd adnew us*

H`thg tgos. O ydnndi `t Aea `ji tgrdw gom my pertànd typd-

wrotdr* @ji tgos* Gd bet my a`b. `nse* Aea `ji etgdrs ej ae`ri

ldpt sgeutojb te us te h`thg ` s`mp`j te moistrd`m `ji hemd àe`ri

tgdrd* Aut ojstdì. Qondy. ` sox-feetdr `ji nejb ef noma. mìd ` nd`p

fer ot evdr tgd dvdr woidjojb b`p* O gì je tomd te tgojl* O r`j `

fdw p`hds. mìd ` fnyojb nd`p oj turj `ji tgdy y`jldi md ej ae`ri*

Rd gì mìd ot ay tgd j`rrewdst ef m`rbojs. aut wd aetg wdrd ej

ae`ri. `ji s`fd*

@mejb eur `ridjt hgddrdrs `s wd mìd tg`t ujòidi fnobgt tgreubg

sp`hd wdrd twe yeujb @mdroh`j wemdj* Ejd w`s beojb up-rovdr

te ad m`rrodi te ` Tjotdi Xt`tds J`vy djsobj ej ae`ri tgd T* X* X*

Hojhojj`to. ` hruosdr tgdj st`jiojb ay `t G`jlew* Ygd etgdr w`s gdr

aroidsmòi* Ygdy gì hemd frem tgd Xt`tds. `ji `ftdr mddtojb gdr

010




foj`jhd oj Gejenunu. tgd aroid idhoidi te keoj tgd J`vy `ji m`rry

gdr sòner* Xgd w`s h`nndi Hgros. `ji gdr aroidsmòi w`s Moss

Myrtnd Kegjsej. frem Mohgob`j* Ygd wdiiojb teel pn`hd oj G`j-

lew. tgd fo`jhd prevojb te ad ` J`vy effohdr j`mdi Ronno`m Diiy*

Ygdsd wemdj djnovdjdi tgd trop upstrd`m hejsoidràny* Ygd w`r

w`s `t nd`st supdrfoho`nny quodshdjt oj tgd ujad`rànd gd`t ef moi-

summdr* Ygd vey`bd w`s ndss tdjsd tg`j tgd ejd ej tgd Neejbwe

oj @pron. `ji wd gì ` b`n` tomd `mejb ` merd rdspejsovd sgop"s

hemp`jy* My pdrsej`n rdhenndhtoejs ef tg`t Feurtg ef Kuny eff Rugu

rdmòj dspdho`nny idnobgtfun* Ygd wdiiojb `t G`jlew ` fdw i`ys

n`tdr ìidi ` teuhg ef rem`jhd te tgd brom ausojdss ef w`rf`rd* Aetg

Qondy `ji O `ttdjidi oj tgd quodt hempeuji ef mdmadrs ef tgd Nu-

tgdr`j Hgurhg tgdrd. m`jy ef wgem wdrd Xwdiosg*

Ejd jet uj`ttr`htovd yeujb pdrsej seubgt te td`hg md ` fdw ruio-

mdjt`ry dxprdssoejs oj tg`t tejbud* Ygd ejny ejd wgohg O stonn rd-

h`nn frem tg`t rem`jtoh ojtdrnuid oj tgd wgotd gd`t ef Hgoj`"s rdvenu-

toej os; K`b dnsl`r iob! Ye ` Xh`jioj`vo`j. tgesd seujis md`j O

nevd yeu* Ygd wdiiojb w`s tgd ejny aot ef rem`jhd wgohg wd wdrd

te djheujtdr oj G`jlew `moi tgd rdvenutoej`ry dvdjts wgohg sworndi

àeut us* Ef heursd. tgdrd wdrd stonn tgd i`jhojb borns `t tgd hà`rdts*

Oj tgd `wfun gd`t. dvdj tgdy fìdi `ji tgdor hgd`p tojsdn nest `nn prd-

tdjsd ef bn`meur*

Ejd dvdjojb O gì iojjdr oj tgd effohdrs" mdss ej ae`ri tgd

T* X* X* Hojhojj`to Ygd hruosdr w`s `jhgerdi oj moistrd`m Ygd

_`jbtzd os ` mond er merd woid `t Rug`j. `ji tgd hn`y a`jls `rd

new `ji fn`t* Of ` arddzd wdrdstorrojb `jywgdrd `hress tg`t stofnojb

evdj. ot sgeuni w`ft evdr tg`t strd`m"s hdjtdr* Ygdrd os jetgojb wg`t-

dvdr te step ot. je wojiard`l er a`rrohìd ef `jy idshroptoej* _dt

`t sdvdj e"hnehl tg`t dvdjojb ` tgdrmemdtdr adnew idhls. wotg `nn pert-

gends epdj. rdbostdrdi 032 idbrdds F`grdjgdot* @ji tg`t w`s tgd

heen ef tgd dvdjojb oj G`jlew oj moi-Kuny* Eni-tomdrs novojb

tgdrd tgesd wge sdd tg`t tgd n`mps ef Hgoj` g`vd eon. tgd a`jldrs.

tgd Ferdobj Xdrvohd effoho`ns ef tgd Hejsun`tds. `ji tgd mossoej`rods

`ji puanosgdrs wdrd `brddi tg`t ot w`s tgd s`md oj `jy moi-summdr.

`ji tg`t tgd Kuny ef 0?12 dxpdrodjhdi je ujgd`ri-ef gd`t w`vd*

Ygd G`jlew bevdrjmdjt wotgdrdi `ji iodi oj tg`t gd`t. `ji

andw `w`y* Mol`n Aereioj `ji gos hemrìds. roiojb tgd hrdst ef tgd

rdvenutoej"s jertgw`ri toid wgdj O w`s `mejb tgdm ` fdw wddls



YGD QDI FN@MD F@IDX 018

adferd. fndi g`pg`z`riny jertgwdst ay meter h`r`v`j tew`ri Eutdr

Mejbeno`. ` frodjiny tgeubg stonn jemoj`nny ojidpdjidjt Xevodt Qd-

puanoh* Dvdjtu`nny tgdy `nn rd`hgdi Xoadro` `ji prehddidi te Meshew*

Ygd gd`t wgohg hùsdi tgos swoft pgdjemdjej oj Hgoj`"s strubbnd

tew`ri gdr idstojy w`s ef ` ioffdrdjt j`turd frem tg`t wgohg hùsdi

us se muhg aeiony ioshemfert* Oj tgd mòj. ot w`s `ppnodi ay Bdj-

dr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `ji gos jdw rdbomd `t J`jlojb* Gos hej-

fdrdjhd wotg tgd ujprdiohtànd Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n%" M`rsg`n Fdjb

_u-gso`jb. gì swujb tg`t pewdrfun dx-tròter ojte nojd `ji areubgt

`

puanohprejeujhdmdjt ay

Fdjb

te tg`t dffdht*

Fdjbquot gos Hem-

mujost frodjis `t G`jlew wotgeut ` quovdr* Gd gì kust hemd a`hl

te Hgoj` frem Meshew. m`lojb tgd keurjdy evdrn`ji tgreubg Xoadro`

`ji Mejbeno` Gos epdj ieer w`s tgreubg Xgdjso Srevojhd. jd`r

Yoadt. te tgd tewj ef Hgdjbhgew. oj Gej`j Srevojhd `tgw`rt tgd

rònw`y nojlojb G`jlew `ji Sdlojb* Gd sdozdi hejtren ef Hgdjb-

hgew. premosdi òi te gos hemrìds oj G`jlew. sdhrdtny wdjt te

Gsuhgew-fu. hejfdrrdi tgdrd wotg Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb `ji turjdi

gos a`hl ej Hemmujosm `ji G`jlew* Fdjb sdjt ` tdndbr`m te tgd

mdj oj tgd G`jlew bevdrjmdjt. rdfdrrojb te Aireioj `ji gos Qusso`j

@ivoser`td tgdrd. `ji penotdny aut formny tdnnojb tgdm te bdt eut* Ygdy

ioi* Ygdrd w`s jetgojb dnsd te ie*

@t forst. Aereioj rdfusdi te adnodvd oj Fdjb"s pdrfoiy* O teni gom

tg`t O gì sddj ` hepy ef Fdjb"s tdndbr`m. wgohg gì addj mìd

`vònànd te md wgond rdturjojb wotg Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl

frem gos mddtojb wotg Fdjb* Ygd Qusso`j"s p`nd f`hd turjdi novoi*

Ygdj gd sòi; M`rsg`n Fdjb os eur frodji* Gd os my frodji. je

m`ttdr* Gd os stonn wotg us* O `m surd gd st`ys trud te G`jlew*

Aut Fdjb ioi jet st`y trud te `jyaeiy er `jytgojb fer vdry Znejb*

Q`yj` Sregmd. tgd rdi-gdìdi yeujb wem`j wge gì se àny

diotdi Ygd Sdepnd"s Yroaujd. `nse gì te fndd* Xgd mìd gdr w`y te

Sdlojb `ji `ftdr ` fdw wddls wdjt `hress Xoadro` te Meshew* Ygdrd.

gd`rt-areldj aut stonn fobgtojb fer tgd sprdì ef ` trud hejhdptoej ef

tgd hemmuj`n tgdery ef nofd. sgd iodi*

Ygd tdndbr`m frem Fdjb te G`jlew w`s ` sdnf-pertròt ef tgd

Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n* Ygd mdss`bd w`s ìirdssdi te R`jb Hgojb-

wdo `ji etgdr rìoh`n Hgojdsd ndìdrs `t G`jlew* Ot fennews;

Rgdj O mdt yeu bdjtndmdj oj Hgdjbhgew. wd t`nldi ef tgd




epprdssoej ef tgd mdrhg`jts `ji etgdr mdmadrs ef tgd bdjtry. ef

nàer epprdssojb tgd f`htery ewjdrs `ji ef tgd epprdssoej ef

f`jjdrs ay n`jiewjdrs*

Ygd pdepnd wosg te supprdss tgos ferm ef idspetosm* M`jy

seniodrs wge fobgt `t tgd frejt suffdr adhùsd tgdor f`monods `rd

mostrd`tdi oj Gej`j `ji dnsdwgdrd oj Hdjtr`n Hgoj`* Oj tgd

j`md ef tgd J`toej`nost S`rty. m`jy tgojbs `rd adojb iejd

wgohg `rd wrejb* Ygdrd os `j dffert adojb mìd te tgrew eur

heujtry ojte furtgdr hejfusoej mdrdny fer tgd pdrsej`n adjdfot

ef ` fdw ojiovoiu`ns* M`jy ef tgd rìoh`n dndmdjt wermdi tgdor

w`y ojte eur S`rty Erb`joz`toej oj `j dffert te hejtren tgd dj-

tord Luemojt`jb Mevdmdjt* Ygdy g`vd iejd `nn tgd ujn`wfun

tgojbs tgdy h`j te tgos dji* Gobgdr mdmadrs oj eur S`rty Er-

b`joz`toej g`vd seubgt te step tgos hrd`toej ef ujrdst wotgoj eur

S`rty. aut tgd rìoh`ns g`vd rdfusdi te eady eridrs*

Rd `nse t`nldi ef rdmdiods fer tgos sotu`toej*

Ygd ejny senutoej 'wgohg wd `nse ioshussdi/ os. `s O sdd ot.

`s fennews; 0/ Mol`n Aereioj. wge `nrdìy g`s rdsobjdi. sgeuni

rdturj te gos ewj heujtry ommdio`tdny< 1/ Ygesd mdmadrs ef

tgd Hdjtr`n Dxdhutovd Hemmottdd oj tgd G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt

wge wosg te be àreì fer ` rdst sgeuni ad `nnewdi te ie se*

Ygd etgdrs m`y keoj wotg tgd J`jlojb Bevdrjmdjt. of tgdy

idsord*

Oj Gsuhgew-fu. O ioshussdi tgos preandm wotg tgd J`jlojb

Bevdrjmdjt effoho`ns* Rgdj tgdy gì gd`ri tgd rdsunts ef eur

hejvdrs`toejs oj Hgdjbhgew. tgdy wdrd aetg keyeus `ji sì*

Ygdy g`vd wdnhemdi tgd àevd subbdstoejs* Aetg J`jlojb `ji

G`jlew. O adnodvd. ujidrst`ji tgdsd mutu`n preandms*

O jddi jet rdmoji yeu bdjtndmdj. ef heursd. tg`t eur heujtry

os f`hojb ` sdvdrd hrosos< aut oj vodw ef tgos. O fddn hejstròjdi

te ojsost tg`t tgd prdsdjt os ` beei tomd te ujotd tgd J`toej`nost

f`htoejs fer tgd fobgt `bòjst eur hemmej djdmods* Ot os myidsord tg`t yeu `hhdpt tgd àevd senutoej `ji rd`hg ` hejhnusoej

ommdio`tdny* Ojiovoiu`n hejfnohts must ad evdrhemd se tg`t eur

rdvenutoej m`y suhhddi oj tgd sgertdst pessoand tomd. `ji Ir*

Xuj _`t-sdj"s Ygrdd Srojhopnds ad put ojte dffdht* Ygos os tgd

ejny s`nv`toej ef eur heujtry* Rd must rdvdrd tgd mdmery ef

Ir* Xuj. `ji wd must rdmdmadr tgesd ar`vd seniodrs wge g`vd



YGDQDIFN@MDF@IDX 014

bovdj tgdor novds oj tgd hùsd* Eur weujis g`vd jet addj

gd`ndi* Ygeus`jis oj tgd jertg `rd stonn ujidr tgd wonn ef tgd

monot`rosts* Ygdy `rd `jxoeus fer eur gdnp* Rd must ujotd

fertgwotg*

Bdjdr`n Y`jb Xgdj-tsd os p`troetoh `ji stonn ` trud rdvenu-

toejost. se gd sgeuni sdji treeps te Hgdjbhgew ommdio`tdny `ji

heepdr`td wotg md oj eridr te h`pturd Sdlojb `ji hempndtd tgd

t`sl ef eur Jertgdrj Dxpdiotoej*

O m`ld tgdsd subbdstoejs sojhdrdny. `ji dxpdht yeu te `hhdpt

tgdm*

Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. hemmdjtojb ej tgd àevd. sòi;

O `m mest g`ppy `t tgos form st`ji t`ldj ay M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-

gso`jb* Rd `rd pn`jjojb te hejtojud eur jertgdrj h`mpòbj vdry

seej jew. je nejbdr fd`rojb tg`t eur rd`r m`y ad hut eff `t Gsuhgew-

fu frem tgd wdst* Oj ndss tg`j ` mejtg tgd Qdis gì bejd frem

Hgoj` `ji Aereioj w`s oj tgd v`j ef tg`t idfd`tdi a`ji ej tgd nejb

evdrn`ji trdl. a`hl te Meshew*

D`rnodr. Aereioj w`s tgd forst m`j oj tgd idhnojojb G`jlew bev-

drjmdjt wgem O s`w wgdj wd rd`hgdi Rug`j d`rny oj Kuny. 0?12*

O w`jtdi te bdt gos rd`htoej te tg`t tdndbr`m frem tgd ""Hgrosto`j

Bdjdr`n* Rgdtgdr Aereioj s`w tg`t gos Qusso`j @ivoser`td"s p`rt

oj tg`t r`poiny sgoftojb rdvent w`s evdr rdmòjs hejkdhtur`n. aut gobgny

preaànd* Gos quohl dyds jerm`nny jet ejny s`w tgd preandms hej-

st`jtny `rosojb `nn àeut gom. aut `nse s`w `nn `reuji tgdm `s wdnn

`ji semdtomds ej p`st tgdm te tgdor ojdvotànd hejhnusoejs*

Rgdj O t`nldi wotg gom tgos tomd. Aereioj neeldi tordi* Gos `tto-

tuid w`s stonn ejd ef idfo`jhd te tgesd 'te gom/ ndssdr mdj wge weuni

ojtdrrupt gom `s gd feubgt tew`ri gos be`n ef arojbojb `nn Hgoj` ojte

tgd werni rdvenutoej ndi ay Meshew* Ot w`s oj gos sp`hoeus effohds

`bòj tg`t O s`w gom n`st* Idspotd brewojb `bot`toej gdrd `ji dnsd-

wgdrd `bòjst gom `ji gos Hemmujost `ssost`jts. gd ojsostdi tg`t gd

w`s jet rdìy te quot* Gd fdnt tg`t gos werl oj Hgoj` w`s jet ydt

fojosgdi* Gd rdotdr`tdi semdwg`t gd`tdiny tg`t gd w`s fennewojb tgd

projhopnds eutnojdi ay tgd n`td Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj. wge gì ojvotdi

Aereioj te p`rtohop`td oj tgd H`jtejdsd-ojspordi Qdvenutoej `bòjst

Sdlojb. `ji `ssdrtdi tg`t tgd @br`ro`j Qdvenutoej ef Hgoj` must

be ej*




Gd rdhdovdi md herio`nny djeubg. dvojhojb brd`t ojtdrdst oj `nn

g`ppdjojbs oj J`jlojb `ji Xg`jbgò. p`rtohun`rnysojhd G`jlew w`s

`bòj osen`tdi* Ygd tdndbr`pg words wdrd iewj `ji tgdrd w`s je

weri dxhdpt fer arodf wordndss iosp`thgds tg`t rd`hgdi tgd H`pot`n* Gd

w`jtdi te ljew gew Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl"s bevdrjmdjt w`s pre-

hddiojb. `ji gew Fdjb `ji Hgo`jb wdrd `brddojb*

Aereioj. nold tgd rdst ef tgd G`jlewotds. prefdssdi te adnodvd tg`t

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl rundi J`jlojb wotg `j orej g`ji* Ygd hgodf eakdh-

toejs te Hgo`jb wdrd gos `nndbdi monot`rosm `ji gos idsord fer pdr-

sej`n bòj. `s G`jlew s`w ot* Aereioj ojsostdi tg`t Fdjb"s tdndbr`m

idm`jiojb gos rdsobj`toej w`s ` f`ld*

Yg`t os jet Fdjb"s stynd. gd sòi* Gd ioij"t wrotd tg`t tdnd-

br`m. O `m surd* Gos pdrsej`n tdndbr`ms te G`jlew g`vd addj dj-

tordny ioffdrdjt* Gos ndttdrs te md `rd jet nold tg`t* Puddr tgojbs

g`ppdj oj tgd monot`ry `ji penotoh`n nojd-ups oj Hgoj`. gewdvdr* Ejd

must ujidrst`ji gew te t`ld tgdsd tgojbs* Fdjb os hejtojuojb te

heepdr`td wotg us* Gd g`s rdprdsdjt`tovds gdrd jew* Gew ie

yeutgojl gd h`j suppert suhg ` tdndbr`m5 O iej"t adnodvd Fdjb wretd

ot `ntgeubg gd mobgt g`vd addj ojfnudjhdi te sobj semd suhg iehu-

mdjt*

Rd rdturjdi te tgos suakdht n`tdr. `ji Aereioj ìmottdi oj m`jjdr

merd tg`j oj spddhg gos aottdrjdss `t Fdjb"s `htoej. idspotd gos dx-

prdssdi adnodf tg`t Fdjb rdmòjdi ` ney`n suppertdr ef tgdor Rug`j

f`htoej* Aereioj tgdj rdfusdi te t`nl furtgdr ej tgos suakdht.s`yojb;

""Fdjb os my frodji* O h`jjet ioshuss gos `htoejs*

Aereioj rdìony ioshussdi etgdr tgojbs*

Eur hgodf preandm robgt gdrd os `j d`rny sdttndmdjt ef tgdspnot

wotg J`jlojb. gd sòi* @pp`rdjtny wd must ie tgos ay ferhd*

Gdjhd. wd `rd sdjiojb ` monot`ry dxpdiotoej tew`ri J`jlojb ommd-

io`tdny* Rd wonn h`pturd J`jlojb wotgeut ` ieuat* Eur mdj `rd

f`r adttdrfobgtdrs

tg`jHgo`jb

Lò-sgdl"streeps. wge. furtgdrmerd.

`rdj"t vdry ney`n* Ygdy `rd rdìy te hemd evdr te eur soid. ejhd

bovdj tgd eppertujoty* Ejhd tgos spnot os sdttndi. eur Sdlojb h`m-

pòbj wonn prehddi* Ygd Qusso`j `nse ojsostdi gd w`s jet werrodi

àeut foj`jhds. idspotd wg`t gd tdrmdi prep`b`ji` hejhdrjojb `

aì dhejemoh sotu`toej tgdrd* Gd ìmottdi tg`t ausojdss w`s aì `t

tg`t tomd. aut ìidi tg`t tgd rdvenutoej weuni hejtojud idspotd tgos.



YGDQDIFN@MDF@IDX 012

`t nd`st `s nejb `s rohd os `vònànd. wgohg ot stonn os oj brd`t qu`j-

totods*

Aereioj dxprdssdi gobg ojtdrdst oj ` J`jlojb Ojhoidjt sdttnd-

mdjt< gd idhn`rdi tgd Ojhoidjt must ad sdttndi `ji jet `nnewdi te

iod eut* Gd sòi ; Rd h`jjet jew prevd tgd buontfer tgos ojhoidjt.

aut gostery wonn sgew wgdrd tgd trud buont nods* Rd hejtojud ujidr

tgd stobm` ef tgd werni fer tgos `ffòr jew* Gdjhd. wd must sdd tg`t

ot os sdttndi* Ygd rd`sej Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl ios`rmdi tgd Xoxtg @rmy`t J`jlojb w`sj"t te pujosg tgdm fer tgd J`jlojb @ffòr. aut ad-

hùsd tgdy gì h`pturdi J`jlojb. `ji gd eridrdi tgdm te h`pturd

Sulew `ji mevd jertgw`ri wotgeut tgd rdst. gd gomsdnf mevojb ojte

J`jlojb oj s`fdty wotg gos ewj `rmods* Ygd Xoxtg @rmy effohdrs

rdfusdi. `ji eppesdi gom* Gdjhd gd ios`rmdi tgdm. sgeetojb iewj

m`jy seniodrs* O wosg tg`t @mdroh` weuni t`ld tgd ndì `ji sdttnd

J`jlojb* Ot must ad hnd`rdi up*

Aereioj pdrsostdi oj tgd oid` tg`t tgd ràand `ji orrdspejsoand

h`mp fennewdrs ioi tgd `jto-ferdobj neetojb* Gd a`rldi eut ` idjo`n

tg`t mdj `t G`jlew gì erb`jozdi tg`t jeteroeus `ffòr*

Aereioj nùbgdi `t tgd hejst`jt rdperts tg`t gd gì `nrdìy fndi

G`jlew* Gd dvdj sheutdi tgd oid` tg`t gos iosmoss`n w`s ommojdjt

aut ìidi tg`t. `ftdr `nn. gd w`s mdrdny `j dmpneyd ef tgd bevdrj-

mdjt `ji `s suhg weuni `nw`ys suamot te ots m`ji`tds*

Ygos sddmojbny oind hemmdjt w`s prepgdtoh* Oj ndss tg`j ` fert-

jobgt. Aereioj w`s bejd*

Ygd jdxt step oj my otojdr`ry w`s `t tgd ieer ef Dubdjd Hgdj.

`hress tgd strddt* Hgdj stròbgtw`y uttdrdi sgronn hrotohosm ef ` sub-

bdstoej ay Xdj`ter Aojbg`m tg`t @mdroh` sdji effoho`n gobg hemmos-

soejdrs te d`hg ef Hgoj`"s v`roeus id f`hte bevdrjmdjts* Gd sòi tg`t

suhg `htoej weuni idfd`t ots ewj djis. hùsojb `j ojidfojotd hejtoju`-

toej ef Hgoj`"s iosujoty. `ji weuni werl `bòjst tgd hemmej hùsd

wgohg Hgdj idhn`rdi gos bevdrjmdjt. tgreubg rdvenutoejs. seubgt te

prep`b`td*

Hgdj sòi; Ygd G`jlew Bevdrjmdjt wonn jdvdr `brdd te suhg `

subbdstoej `s Xdj`ter Aojbg`m"s ef sdjiojb hemmossoejdrs te d`hg

breup oj Hgoj`* O subbdst `s ` heujtdr-prepes`n tg`t R`sgojbtej

sdji ` hempdtdjt effoho`n rdprdsdjt`tovd te Hgoj` wgesd rdpert weuni

djànd @mdroh` hnd`rny te ujidrst`ji eur mevdmdjt* Of suhg `j ef-

foho`n rdprdsdjtdi tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds oj Sdlojb tei`y tgojbs mobgt ad




ioffdrdjt% aut tg`t rdprdsdjt`tovd ef tgd Arotosg Dmpord gdìojb yeur

Ndb`toej g`s jdvdr addj fòr te us* Rd ie jet w`jt `jetgdr m`j

sdjt frem er te Sdlojb* Rg`t os jdhdss`ry os ` jdw moji bovojb `

jdw `ji ydt dxpdrt rdpert ej wg`t gd sdds gdrd jet ` m`j wotg tgd

àonoty ef ` hndrl!

Gd must g`vd vosoej `ji ojsobgt. ` frdsg moji tg`t h`j br`sp

wg`t wd `rd tryojb te ie gdrd* Yg`t weuni ie merd te hn`rofy@mdr-

oh`"s ujidrst`jiojb ef eur rdvenutoej tg`j `jytgojb dnsd O h`j tgojl

ef* Aut of yeu sdji rdprdsdjt`tovds gdrd `ji te J`jlojb `ji Sdlojb.

yeu tdji te hejtojud tgd sdp`r`toej ef tgdsd f`htoejs ojidfojotdny*

Xuhg qu`so-rdhebjotoej weuni g`vd tgd werst dffdht om`bojànd* O

ieuat tg`t tgd Xdj`ter"s oind oid`s wonn rdhdovd muhg `ttdjtoej oj

R`sgojbtej*+"

Hgdj. nold tgd etgdr effoho`ns. hejtojudi estdjsoany i`ppdr `ji ep-

tomostoh hejhdrjojb G`jlew"s futurd* Gd idjodi tg`t tgd sotu`toej

w`s `jy merd sdroeus tg`t ot gì addj oj M`y. idhn`rojb; Rd wonn

t`ld J`jlojb wotgoj ferty i`ys. wotgeut ` qudstoej*Hgo`jb

Lò-

sgdl"s mdj `rd rdìy jew te hemd te G`jlew `s seej `s wd mevd oj

tg`t iordhtoej* Gos effohdrs `rd jet ney`n* Gd os p`jidrojb te Xg`jb-

gò"s mdrhg`jts `ji `s ` rdvenutoej`ry gd os fojosgdi*

Hgdj `nse. gewdvdr. aottdrny idjeujhdi M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb.

iuaaojb gom tgd Ndep`ri ef Hgoj`* Gd ìidi. Aut Fdjb wonn

jdvdr `tt`hl G`jlew< gos g`jis `rd funn g`jinojb Gej`j Srevojhd

wgohg gd os ànd te usd jew `s ` rdsunt ef eur`ppeojtmdjt*

Aut wd

stonn hejtren Gej`j*

Hgdj ìmottdi tg`t G`jlew w`s hejsoidrojb tgd pesotoej ef eur

Qusso`j ìvosdrs. p`rtohun`rny Aereioj* Gd sòi. gewdvdr. tg`t tgdy

weuni ad rdtòjdi `s nejb `s tgdy wdrd usdfun* Hgdj s`w je rd`sej

te ioshg`rbd tgdm `s ydt. ìiojb gewdvdr tg`t gd tgeubgt Aereioj

rd`nny idsdrvdi ` v`h`toej*

Gdg`s

werldioj

eur rdvenutoej fer tgd n`st feur yd`rs. Hgdjsòi. `ji g`s iejd rdm`rlàny wdnn. werlojb g`ri i`y `ji jobgt*

Gdjhd. nold `jy m`j. gd jddis `ji idsdrvds ` v`h`toej* Ygos ieds

jet md`j tg`t wd hejsoidr subbdstojb tg`t gd `htu`nny t`ld ejd jer

tg`t gos werl os ujs`tosf`htery* O `m mdrdny t`nlojb fr`jlny ef tgd

pgysoh`n sotu`toej ef `jy m`j*

Ot w`s ioffohunt te tdnnkust wg`t Hgdj md`jt ay tgos. aut O `m



YGD QDI FN@MD F@IDX 01?

ojhnojdi te adnodvd tg`t gd `htu`nny md`jt tg`t `jy m`j wge werls

feur yd`rs wotgeut ` rdst jddis ` nottnd tomd `w`y frem tgd kea*

Hgdj `nse `vdrrdi;

Dvdrytgojb os beojb smeetgny gdrd oj G`j-

lew* Rd `rd jet werrodi* Ej tgd hejtr`ry. wd rdmòj mest hej-

foidjt ef tgd futurd* Hgdj"s st`tdmdjt w`s g`riny hemp`toand wotg

iòny dvdjts tg`t summdr oj tgd str`jbd rdvenutoej`ry rdbomd* Hgdj.

nold Aereioj. ojsostdi tg`t tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt+" sgeuni ad sdttndi

adhùsd tgd werni tgeubgt tg`t G`jlew w`s buonty* Rd wonn t`ld ot

te tgd Nd`bud ef J`toejs of jdhdss`ry. gd sòi* O mìd tgd prepe-

sotoej fer `j Ojtdrj`toej`n Ojvdstob`toej Hemmossoej* Rgy iej"t yeu

rdpny5 Rd st`ji rdìy te f`hd tgd f`hts. aut wd `rd jet rdìy te

`hhdpt g`sty `ffoi`vots frem ao`sdi rdfubdds*

Hgdj w`s `nse bejd wotgoj tgd mejtg*

Hejsun-Bdjdr`n Fr`jl Nehlg`rt sòi n`tdr tg`t i`y tg`t gd pdr-

sej`nny adnodvdi tgojbs weuni hejtojud te werry `nejb oj G`jlew

ojidfojotdny* Ygd Henejdn tgeubgt tg`t tgd stupdjieus hg`jbds oj tgd

n`st twe mejtgs gì addj supdrfoho`n* Ferdobjdrs bdjdr`nny wdrd oj-

tdrdstdi oj ljewojb wgdj @mdroh` weuni rdturj ` Hejsun te J`jlojb*

Ygd trìdrs `ji a`jldrs wdrd wejidrojb wgdtgdr `jy penotoh`n rd`-

sejs n`y adgoji tgd idn`y* Ygdy w`jtdi tgojbs rdturjdi te jerm`nhy*

Ygd fìojb bnew ef tgd rdi st`r ef Hemmujosm nobgtdi G`jlew

aut iomny oj tgd fdw suhhddiojb wddls ef tg`t iosm`n. f`tdfun moi-

summdr* @nn Hgoj`. frem tgd ujwodniy. ujhemprdgdjiojb m`ssds oj

_ujj`j Srevojhd ej Aurm`"s aeridr te tgd stdppds ef tgd stonn

treuandi Xoadro`j frejtodr te tgd jertg w`s ojfdhtdi ay tgd vorus ef `

jdw oid`* Ygd i`y ef tgd eni-tomd. sdnf-hdjtdrdi monot`rost wge gì

gdni sw`y se nejb. iovoiojb tgd hejtojdjt podhd-md`n. `nse w`s hnesojb.

tgeubg merd snewny tg`j tgd ojfnudjhd ef Hemmuj`n tgderods frem

àreì* Ygd n`st i`ys ef G`jlew"s Qdi rdbomd sddm b`rosg. aoz`rrd

oj tgd nobgt ef prdsdjt-i`y pdrspdhtovd* @t tgd tomd tgdy sddmdi vdry

rd`n ojiddi `ji d`hg i`y ef tg`t sujsdt dr` w`s p`hldi wotg `htoej*

Fr`jl Qondy h`md rusgojb ojte my reem ` i`y er se `ftdr Hgros

gì m`rrodi gdr j`v`n effohdr* Gd w`jtdi md te keoj gom oj ` trop

semd 133 monds jertg ojte Gej`j Srevojhd. te sdd M`rsg`n Fdjb

_u-gso`jb `t tgd tewj ef Hgdjbhgew* Oj tgd forst pn`hd. O gì sddj

Fdjb. `ji oj tgd sdheji. Hgdjbhgew w`s tee f`r frem `jytgojb nold

rdnoànd tdndbr`pg words* Yee muhg w`s beojb ej. `ji O gì te w`thg

ot g`ppdj tgdrd oj G`jlew*




Ot w`s fertuj`td fer md tg`t O ioij"t be* Qondy jdvdr h`md a`hl*

Gd ios`ppd`rdi quotd mystdroeusny ejd i`y. wgdj àeut te st`rt tgd

rdturj keurjdy* Gd sompny w`nldi iewj tgd rònreì tew`ri ` meidn

vonn`bd wgohg Fdjb w`s hejstruhtojb ` mond eut frem Hgdjbhgew

`ji w`s sw`nnewdi ay tgd ir`bej* Ojquorods prevdi jetgojb. dxhdpt

tg`t gd w`s nest. wotgeut vosoand tr`hd* Gd stonn os*

@mejb tgd herrdspejidjts fnehlojbte G`jlew tgdj w`s Vojhdjt

Xgdd`j* Kommy w`s diuh`tdi `t tgd Tjovdrsoty ef Hgoh`be `ji feuji

muhg oj hemmej wotg Q`yj` Sregmd. te wgem O ojtreiuhdi gom. fer

sgd tee h`md frem Hgoh`be* Gos funn j`md os K`mds Vojhdjt Xgdd`j.

`ji dvdry ejd h`md te ljew tgos sdjtomdjt`n aut hempndtdny nevànd

sox-feet Orosg-@mdroh`j `s Kommy*

Kommy `ji O gì ojjumdrànd djheujtdrs aetg seho`nny `ji m rd-

pertojb tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej `t G`jlew* M`jy ef tgdsd wdrd

`musojb* Ejd O rdh`nn w`s eur gònojb twe Hgojdsd heenods sgertny

adferd i`wj* Ygd heenods wdrd djb`bdi oj h`rryojb tgd ojdvotànd

jobgt seon te tgd hoty"s sdw`bd iump* @s w`s hustem`ry. tgdy gì

tgdor a`rrdn ef tgos vond-smdnnojb hejhehtoej. er gejdy-auhldt `s ot os

bdjdr`nny ljewj. snujb adtwddj tgdm ej ` sox-feet a`maee pend*

Ygd aeys wdrd sgeutojb nustony `s tgdy h`rdfunny mìd tgdor surd-

feetdi w`y `nejb tgd j`rrew strddt* Ygd ejd prdhdiojb tgd auhldt

ydnndi Gò-ge! `ji tgd etgdr sgeutdi.>9

Gò-ge oj vobereus tejds.

`nadot oj ndssdr venumd* Ygus. lddpojb tgdor trìotoej`n sojb-sejb. iue-

synnàoh rgytgm. tgd heenods wdjidi tgdor w`y àeut tgdor ausojdss

sdroeusny. of jet oj pdrfdht quodtuid*

@ji tgdj wd mdt tgdm* Xuiidjny. O feuji mysdnf geniojb tgd

rd`r dji ef tg`t a`maee pend `ji m`rhgojb `nejb wotg Mr* Xgdd`j*

Gd ndi tgd prehdssoej* Ygd heenods. g`ppy wotg `j orej Hgojdsd

ienn`r `podhd 'merd tg`j ` i`y"s funn p`y/ hgddrdi us ej `s wd pre-

hddidi `nejb tgd i`rldjdi strddt. sgeutojb oj rgytgm* Rd mìd dx-

hdnndjt prebrdss `t tgd eutsdt ef tgos roiohuneus ìvdjturd* Aut Kommy

stuaadi gos ted* Ygd auhldt kestndi. `ji tgd a`rrdn. pend `ji `nn.

fdnn wotg ` hn`ttdr `ji spn`sg te tgd p`vdmdjt* @ pend-h`t weuni g`vd

ruj `t eur `ppre`hg wgdj wd foj`nny rd`hgdi tgd getdn* @ji se te

adi!

Ygdrd wdrd nuiohreus ojhoidjts suhg `s tgos. aut eur werl oj tgd

mòj w`s sdroeus i`y oj `ji i`y eut*

Aottdrjdss `ji ` hdrtòj sdjsd ef idspdr`toej tdmpdrdi ay tgd



YGD QDI FN@MD F@IDX 080

brommdst idtdrmoj`toej prdiemoj`tdi oj G`jlew"s hneuidi `tme-

spgdrd* Ygd strubbnd `bòjst wg`t prevdi te ad tgd ojdvotànd hej-

tojudi* Effoho`ns wdrd eptomostoh. eutw`riny `t nd`st. `ji G`jlew

supdrfoho`nny `ppd`rdi ujhg`jbdi* Ygd _`jbtzd w`s stonn fonndi wotg

ferdobj w`rsgops* @nn w`s h`nm* Ot w`s tgd h`nm adferd tgd sterm*

Ygdj Aereioj fndi suiidjny ej Kuny OX* Yg`t w`s tgd dji*

@nn tgd Qdis wdrd seej bejd frem Hgoj`* @s f`r `s tgd dyd

heuni sdd tgdrd w`s jet ` Hemmujost Qusso`j `jywgdrd vosoand**

Ygd Qusso`js gì bejd. G`jlew w`s quodt `bòj. tgd fobgtojb te

tgd jertg `reuji Hgdjbhgew wotg pohldi Fdjbtodj Srevojhd treeps

frem M`jhguro` w`s djidi* Jdws ef `jy sert iwojindi. `ji ot w`s

`nmest ujadnodvàny get. se O wdjt a`hl iewj tgd _`jbtzd `bòj te

Xg`jbgò*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb sddmdi te ad ej tep ef tgd werni `t tg`t memdjt

idspotd G`jlew"s neui tgrd`ts `ji idjujho`toejs. aut oj ndss tg`j

`jetgdr mejtg gd. tee. w`sueut* @j `pp`rdjt s`hrofohd te `ppd`sd

G`jlew fer tgd memdjt. gd wdjt seutg te ` idnobgtfun. h`nm `ji

dxtrèrioj`rony pohturdsqud eni tdmpnd oj Hgdlo`jb Srevojhd. jd`r gos

aortgpn`hd*

@ftdr ` fdw summdr i`ys ef oindjdss oj Xg`jbgò. O wdjt tgdrd te

sdd gom `ji foji eut wgy*



JOJBSE MEQD F@Q

BDJDQ@NOXXOME

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl rdsobjdi frem tgd Lue-

mojt`jb Qdvenutoej `t tgd gdobgt ef ots `pp`rdjtny r`poi stroids

tew`ri suhhdss oj @ubust ef 0?12* Ojtdrj`n iossdjsoej areld

eut `mejb gos hemm`jiojb bdjdr`ns. ndi oj tgd mòj ay tgd fodry

yeujb ndìdrs frem tgd Lw`jbso Hnoqud wge wdrd te prevd ` tgerj

oj tgd soid ef Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb `bòj n`tdr Gd trodi hempremosd.

fòndi. `ji quot tgd rdvenutoej*

@ mejtg d`rnodr. `nnodi wotg tgd Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n. Hgo`jb gìruj tgd Qdis eut ef `nn Hgoj`* Jew gd w`s eut gomsdnf*

Ygd moisummdr rdsobj`toej w`s p`rtny iud te K`p`j"s djtr`jhd

ojte tgd pohturd* Ygdsd pdrsostdjt jdobgaers fnehldi ojte Xg`jtujb

Srevojhd. anehlojb `j d`sy w`y ef prebrdss up tew`ri Sdlojb*

Hgo`jb fdnt ot w`s adst te objerd K`p`j fer tgd memdjt. t`ld Sdlojb

frem tgd a`hl ieer reutd up tgd Lojg`j Qònreì. `s eroboj`nny

pn`jjdi. `ji tgdj id`n wotg Yelye* Gd w`jtdi forst te dnomoj`td

M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-gj. tgdj idhnojojb oj bnery `ji pewdr `t Sdlojb*

Iossdjsoej `resd `s te tgd jdxt mevd oj tgd Qdvenutoej. `ji Hgo`jb

bet eut te ndt tgd etgdrs try tgdor g`jis `t rujjojb tgd ìv`jhd*

Gd wdjt seutg te `j eni tdmpnd oj Hgdlo`jb Srevojhd. vo` Jojbpe

merd f`r oj tg`t stery-aeel n`ji. te pejidr* O fennewdi gom ojte

tgos p`ster`n h`nm te nd`rj wgy*

Ot os jet f`r `s monds be frem Xg`jbgò seutgd`st ojte Hgdlo`jb

Srevojhd te tgd meujtòj vonn`bd ef Hgo-le. jdstnojb oj tgd brddj

weeidi gonns wgdrd Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl w`s aerj* _dt te rd`hg tgos

spet ndss tg`j 043 monds `w`y ejd must tr`vdn tgd adttdr p`rt ef `

i`y `ji ` jobgt. `ji oj tgd gd`rt ef tg`t gonn heujtry ejd m`y foji

eni Hgoj`. ujhg`jbdi ay tgd p`rìd ef tgd yd`rs. `s `jhodjt `ji oj-

tdrdstojb `s ` p`bd frem tgd aeel ef M`rhe Sene* Eni mdj `ji

sm`nn aeys tdji sgddp oj tgd vdri`jt v`nndys adjd`tg t`nn pd`ls wgesd

081



J O JBSE MEQD F @ Q

088

sndjidr. idjsd dvdrbrddjs teuhg wgotd fuzzy tufts ef hneuis frem tgd

aewn ef anud sly àevd*

R`tdr auff`neds. pujhgdi wotg stohls ay g`nf-j`ldi arewj-slojjdi

nottnd fdnnews. w`nl ojtdrmojàny oj ` horhnd ujidr tg`thgdi reuji reefs

`ji tgus renn ` gd`vy stejd evdr bròj. pewidrojb ot ojte ` fneur wotg

wgohg tgdsd fenl m`ld tgesd fn`t p`jh`lds ejd sdds oj aob tr`ys `t

dvdry g`mndt* Mdj `ji wemdj ujidr fneppy str`w suj g`ts werl

nejb i`ys oj tgd areonojb summdr suj huntov`tojb djindss fodnis ef rohd

oj dx`htny tgd s`md f`sgoej `s tgdor ferdf`tgdrs. jew nyojb oj eni

ròsdi stejd br`vds. semd hdjturods eni*

Ot w`s jet nejb `be `s tgojbs oj Hgoj` be tg`t Lò-sgdl. sej ef

Hgo`jb. tgd wojd mdrhg`jt. w`s rujjojb àeut tgd j`rrew iorty strddts

ef Hgo-le. ` novdny yeujbstdr wge dvdj tgdj. tgdy s`y. w`s `nw`ys tgd

ndìdr oj aeyosg b`mds oj tgd vonn`bd* Gd noldi te pn`y seniodr. `ji

wgdjdvdr ` hemp`jy ef seniodrs h`md tg`t w`y Lò-sgdl w`s tgronndi

fer i`ys* Gos f`tgdr w`jtdi tgd aey te adhemd preprodter ef gos hem-

fertànd ausojdss oj tgd nottnd wojd sgep `ji h`rry ej tgd f`mony j`md

oj Fdjbgw` Heujty `s gd `ji gos `jhdsters gì iejd fer bdjdr`toejs*

Aut tgd aey brdw ojte m`jgeei wotg je tgeubgt aut ef adhemojb `

seniodr* Gos `maotoej irdw gom ojte monot`ry shgeen. `ji ay tgd tomd

gd w`s twdjty gd gì bòjdi p`rdjt`n pdrmossoej te be te K`p`j te

stuiy monot`ry shodjhd `ji t`htohs* Ot os sòi tg`t tgdrd gd `ttòjdi

beei m`rls `ji semd nottnd f`md fer gos aronno`jhd `s ` str`tdbost `ji

pr`htoh`n seniodr* Gd rdturjdi te Hgoj` te keoj tgd rdvenutoej `bòjst

tgd Sdlojb monot`ry rdbomd `ji w`s dvdjtu`nny `ppeojtdi te gos gobg

pest tgreubg tgd ojfnudjhd `ji frodjisgop gd gì wotg tgd feujidr ef

tgd Luemojt`jb mevdmdjt. Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj* Gd gì nd`rjdi semd-

tgojb ef penotohs oj tgd yd`rs tg`t gd stuiodi seniodrojb. `ji tgos hem-

aoj`toej òidi tgd `maotoeus yeutg oj gos hnoma te f`md*

@ g`nf iezdj yd`rs gì p`ssdi sojhd Lò-sgdl vosotdi gos j`tovd

vonn`bd* Gos p`rdjts. tgdy sòi oj Hgo-le. gì nejb sojhd iodi* Ygd

eni j`md ef Hgo`jb os je nejbdr f`meus fer fojd vojt`bds ef Hgojdsd

nobgt wojds* Ot g`s ` jdw sobjofoh`jhd* @ j`tovd sej ef Hgo-le gì

adhemd tgd mest eutst`jiojb foburd oj tgd rdvenutoej oj tgesd g`nf

iezdj yd`rs ef gos àsdjhd* Ygd vonn`bdrs ioi jet an`md gom fer

rdmòjojb `w`y*

Ygd nì. tgdy sòi. g`s addj ausy* @ji tgdy w`bbdi preui

gdìs `t wg`t yeujb Lò-sgdl gì `hhempnosgdi* Fer tgd Hgojdsd




fddn `nmest `s preui evdr tgd `hhempnosgmdjts ef ejd ef tgdor ewj

vonn`bd `s tgdy ie ef ejd ef tgdor ewj f`mony* Ygd nì wge gì addj

ausy rdturjdi te gos j`tovd vonn`bd* Yg`t gd rdturjdi ` idpesdi

ndìdr mìd jet tgd snobgtdst ioffdrdjhd te gos fdnnew tewjsmdj* Oj-

iddi. ot w`s ieuatfun tg`t tgdy ljdw wgy gd gì hemd*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb gurrodi tgreubg Xg`jbgò frem J`jlojb ej gos

w`y gemd* Gd ndft gos m`jofdste ef rdsobj`toej wotg tgd hovon ef-

foho`ns `ji wdjt `w`y* O fennewdi gom ojte tgd quodtuid ef gos rdtrd`t.

aut O w`s jet `nejd oj my qudst* Ygd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf mìd ot

ioffohunt te rd`hg gom aut `nn p`tgs ndi te gos ieer `ji i`y `ji jobgt

sherds ef pdepnd mìd tgd tdioeus ponbrom`bd te gos tdmpnd wgdrd gd

seubgt pd`hd `ji rdst* Ot w`s idjodi gom. fer gos i`y w`s `s funn `s

dvdr ef hejfdrdjhds `ji h`nns* Gos v`h`toej neibd w`s jet oj gos eni

gemd oj Hgo-le* Ot w`s stròbgt up tg`t t`nn eni meujtòj. ` hnoma

ef àeut fovd monds. te wgdrd. kust evdr tgd roibd. ` tdmpnd spr`wndi oj

` vorboj wonidrjdss `ji heen arddzds mìd nofd pnd`s`jt oj tgd moist

ef ` terroi @ubust Ygd tdmpnd w`s eni `ji nottnd usdi* @ sherd ef

mejls novdi tgdrd. stuiyojb tgd weri ef Auiig` `ji mòjtòjojb tgd

`jhodjt pn`hd oj ` idbrdd ef eridr* Ot w`s quodt `ji rdstfun. `j oid`n

pn`hd fer ejd sddlojb surhd`sd frem tgd turmeon tg`t `bot`tdi tgd v`nndy

adnew*

Ot w`s gdrd tg`t wd feuji Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb `ftdr keurjdyojb ` jobgt

`ji ` i`y* Ygdrd wdrd feur oj eur p`rty mysdnf `ji Mr* G* V*

L`ntdjaerj. `t tg`t tomd @sseho`td Dioter ef tgd Areelnyj D`bnd.

b`tgdrojb m`tdro`n fer ndhturds `ji `rtohnds< `ji twe Hgojdsd wge`htdi `s buoids `ji ojtdrprdtdrs* Jetgojb aut Hgojdsd. `ji tgd io`-

ndht ef tgd iostroht `t tg`t. w`s ujidrsteei tgdrd* Rd wdrd tgd forst

ferdobjdrs te vosot tg`t vonn`bd oj feur er fovd yd`rs. ` huroeus eni

p`rhgmdjt-slojjdi hg`p teni us oj Hgo-le* Eur h`r`v`j hrd`tdi hej-

soidrànd ojtdrdst `ji semd nottnd `musdmdjt. p`rtohun`rny `t md`n tomd

Ljovds `ji ferls wdrd teens ef tgd idvon oj tgos n`ji wgdrd hgepstohls

wdrd stonn tgd ejny utdjsons ef tg`t sert oj usd*

Rd ndft Xg`jbgò `t sox e"hnehl oj tgd dvdjojb. Rdijdsi`y. @ubust

02. ej ae`ri tgd std`mdr Jojbsgè. aeuji fer Jojbpe `s eur forst

pert ef h`nn* Frem tgdrd wd bet ojte tgd iostroht ef Fdjbgw`* Rd

dxpdhtdi te ad r`tgdr osen`tdi ej tgos Hgojdsd std`mdr. g`vojb gd`ri

t`nds ef tgd i`jbdr ef tr`vdnojb `jywgdrd eff tgd ad`tdj tr`hl oj tgesd

i`ys. aut te eur surprosd wd mdt `jetgdr ferdobjdr ej ae`ri. ` Ir*



084

Ygem`s ef tgd A`ptost Mossoej oj Jojbpe. rdturjojb te gos pest `ftdr

` vosot te Xg`jbgò* @ji wd `nse ioshevdrdi ` frodji oj Ir* Fejb

Xdh. gdì ef tgd Djbnosg sdhtoej ef ` n`rbd puanosgojb geusd oj

Xg`jb-gò* Ir* Fejb. wotg gos wofd `ji f`mony. w`s beojb te tgd geny osn`ji

ef Su-te 'prejeujhdi pee-iee/ fer ` fertjobgt* Gos twe iùbgtdrs.

aeaadi-gòrdi `ji wd`rojb meidrj spert irdssds. `ji Mrs* Fejb

speld pdrfdht Djbnosg. Mrs* Fejb g`vojb addj aerj oj X`j Fr`jhoshe

Rd keojdi ferhds. eur twe p`rtods fddnojb `t gemd tebdtgdr* Rd ios-

hevdrdi tg`t ` p`rty ef g`nf ` iezdj er se J`toej`nost effohdrs wdrd

beojb te sdd Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb. `nse. se tg`t eur keurjdy. ot sddmdi.

weuni jet ad nejdsemd `jywgdrd `nejb tgd reutd*

Ir* Ygem`s sòi `t iojjdr tg`t tgdrd wdrd ejny àeut ` iezdj

ferdobjdrs oj Jfjbpe tgdj. `s hemp`rdi te 014 er se oj erioj`ry

tomds* Gewdvdr. gd mojomozdi tgd i`jbdr ef novojb tgdrd. `s mest

pdepnd ie wge pdrsost oj rdfusojb te dv`hu`td* @ji se f`r `s O s`w

`jywgdrd oj tgd _`jbtzd V`nndy `ji ots vohojoty. tgd Hgojdsd ej tgd

wgend wdrd jet gestond* Ygd seniodrs `t tomds adh`md aetgdrsemd. aut

ejny r`rdny*

@ quddr hustemdr àe`ri w`s ` nottnd H`jtejdsd hg`p wge h`nndi

gomsdnf Srefdsser _eujb* Gd speld Djbnosg fnudjtny. `s wdnn `s

Bdrm`j `ji Frdjhg `ji ` nottnd Qusso`j. `s gd peojtdi eut oj gos pdr-

sostdjt hejvdrs`toej `ji O must s`y gd weuni preaàny m`ld ` beei

rdpertdr. wotg gos ojs`toànd qudst fer ojferm`toej àeut dvdryejd gd

mdt* Gd ljdw `nn àeut md oj tdj mojutds. `ji idspotd gos v`hueus.

smonojb meej f`hd `ji gos gòr. nejb `s `j eni-f`sgoejdi born"s `ji

hurndi up oj semd mejstreus f`sgoej tg`t mìd ot `ppd`r aeaadi. tgos

fdnnew w`s je iumaadnn*

Gd neeldi `t my h`ri `ji idm`jidi te ljew wge feujidi Ygd

Jdw _erl Yomds `ji oj wg`t yd`r O gì te hejfdss objer`jhd `s te

tgd `jswdrs te aetg qudrods. `ji sg`nn jdvdr ferbovd tgd fdnnew fer tg`t

aì memdjt* Ygd Srefdsser gì addj te @mdroh` ejhd. gd hejfoidi.

`ji w`s d`bdr te be `bòj* Gd h`jioiny ìmottdi gd tr`vdndi `s `

budst ef tgd puanoh. tg`t gd gì je hejjdhtoejs `jywgdrd `ji tg`t

gd pohldi up ` nottnd mejdy jew `ji tgdj ay sdnnojb pgetebr`pgs ef

ojtdrdstojb pdepnd `ji str`jbd pn`hds* Gos `naum w`s fonndi wotg

pgetebr`pgs ef premojdjt pdrsejs oj Hgoj`. wotg ùtebr`pgs ef mest*

Gd hrotohozdi Bg`jio. speld ojtdnnobdjtny ef @mdroh`j keurj`nosm `ji

ots gostery `ji tgd feujidrs ef hdrtòj brd`t iònods. ioshussdi nofd oj




S`ros. Adrnoj `ji mest etgdr hotods oj Durepd. `ji hejfdssdi gd gì

jet addj oj Hgoj` fer twdjty yd`rs*

Gd w`s tgdj. gd ìmottdi. wrotojb ` gostery ef Hgoj`. wgohg gd

`nse ìmottdi w`s te ad ` v`nuànd venumd* Gd gì je oid` gew gd

weuni bdt frem Jojbpe te Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb. `ji O b`vd gom je ojfer-

m`toej* Gd w`jtdi te dxhg`jbd Hgojdsd pgetebr`pgs fer semd ef

K`p`j tg`t O gì oj my henndhtoej*

Jojbpe os twe geurs ay std`mdr up tgd _u-yè Qovdr. adojb oj-

n`ji. `s os dvdry hgodf pert `nejb tgd Hgoj` he`st* Rd iehldi tgdrd

ej Ygursi`y. @ubust 07* Hgojdsd heenods h`j m`ld jeosd oj merd

w`ys tg`j `jyejd dnsd* Rd `rrovdi `t i`wj `ji wd ljdw ot `t ejhd*

Heujtndss adnns ef tgd tojy sdrv`jt-h`nnojb typd wdrd k`jbnojb tgd me-

mdjt wd wdrd oj sobgt ef tgd iehl* Ygdy seujidi nold `nn adin`m

turjdi neesd* O ioshevdrdi tg`t tgdy adnejbdi te tgd rohlsg`w heenods

wge r`jb tgdm hejst`jtny wgond sddlojb hustemdrs `ji `bòj wgond

trettojb tgreubg tgd j`rrew wojiojb strddts*

Rd gì tgrdd geurs te wòt wgond eur Hgojdsd bet ` geusdae`t

`ji nùjhg `ji prevosoejs fer tgd uprovdr trop. se O teel ` rohlsg`w

`ji `j ojtdrprdtdr `ji irevd eut te tgd etgdr soid ef tgd hoty te h`nn

ej Ir* A`rnew. `nse ef tgd A`ptost Mossoej* O feuji tgd beei Iehter

up te gos `rmpots oj tgd strd`m tg`t fnews `nejbsoid gos geusd. rdpòr-

ojb gos nottnd ae`t* Gd gìkust `hquordi `j djbojd `ji w`s ausony

foxojb ` pn`hd fer ot `t tgd rd`r ef tgd fn`tae`t* Rd hg`ttdi `wgond

àeut tgd jdw A`ptost gespot`n. wgohg w`s g`nf Hgojdsd. g`nf ferdobj

oj `rhgotdhturd. `ji àeut gos werl Ygdrd w`s nottnd djeubg te ie

kust tgdj. ot sddmdi* Gos f`mony gì bejd gemd `ji gd w`s `nejd

ej tgd kea. wotg Ir* Ygem`s `ji tgd g`jifun ef etgdr ferdobjdrs.

mestny mdrhg`jts `ji hustems pdepnd. oj Jojbpe* Gd w`s ojtdrdstdi

oj jdws ef Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `ji dspdho`nnyoj tgd rumers ef gos hem-

ojb mòro`bd te Moss Mdo-nojb Xeejb*

Ygd Arotosg-@mdroh`j Yea`hhe m`j`bdr oj Jojbpe. ` m`j j`mdi

V`rgen. w`s àe`ri wgdj O bet a`hl* Gd `ssostdi us oj dvdry w`yte bdt tgojbs nojdi up fer ` hemfertànd keurjdy. furjosgojb gos geusd-

ae`t `ji nùjhg. wotg h`mp adis `ji hgòrs `ji `nn tgd rdst ef ot*

Ygdsd ferdobjdrs oj tgd eut perts `rd mest gespotànd. `ji Mr* V`rgen

w`s je dxhdptoej* Rotgeut gom. wd weuni g`vd gì je dji ef idn`y

`ji treuand* Rd bet ujidr w`y foj`nny `t àeut 03;83. tgd tojy nùjhg

tubbojb us uprovdr* Rd st`rtdi up tgd Fdjbgw` Qovdr. wgohg keojs



JOJBSE MEQD F@Q 082

tgd _u-yè `t Jojbpe* Xnewny. fer tgd geusdae`t w`s ` n`rbd `ffòr.

wd mevdi ojte tgd rovdr `ji upstrd`m p`st sherds ef pohturdsqud eni

kujls `ji myroìs ef

shuttnojbs`mp`js.

`nejb

tgd j`rrew.iojby

eni

Jojbpe Auji. `ji se ojte tgd epdj heujtry adyeji*

Rd gì toffoj àe`ri. `j dxhdnndjt md`n sdrvdi ay tgd heel-aey wd

gì `hquordi `t Jojbpe* Ygd keurjdy se f`r gì addj id nuxd* Qòj

squ`nns idn`ydi eur prebrdss frem tomd te tomd. tgd woji adojb `bòjst

us. `ji `t ejd e"hnehl wd feuji wd wdrd ndss tg`j g`nf w`y te tgd pn`hd

wgdrd wd weuni t`ld sdi`j hgòrs er rohlsg`ws `hress heujtry* @t tg`t

r`td wd weuni jet m`ld Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s tdmpnd ay jobgt* Rd hej-

fdrrdi. `ji Mr* L`ntdjaerj subbdstdi huttojb `w`y frem tgd geusdae`t

`ji beojb `gdì oj tgd nùjhg* Rd ioi tgos. t`lojb `s muhg feei `s

pessoand oj twe a`sldts. tebdtgdr wotg h`mp hets `ji teondt `rtohnds* @ftdr

`j geur er se tgd ròj quot `ji wd bet ejny ` nottnd wdt. usojb umardnn`s

te sgodni tgd feei `ji eursdnvds*

Eur prebrdss w`s ojtdrruptdi `t twe-tgorty. wgdj ` kujl mevdi ojte

tgd strd`m `gdì ef us `ji ` seniodr sobj`ndi us te step* Gd w`jtdi te

ljew of wd heuni t`ld gom `ji gos eridrny uprovdr wotg us* @nrdìy

gd`vony neìdi wotg fovd ef us oj tgd tojy nùjhg. ojhnuiojb tgd ae`t-

m`j. wd wdrd ojhnojdi te rdfusd gos rdqudst. aut tgd Hgojdsd ìvosdi

`bòjst tgos* Xe tgd twe hn`madrdi àe`ri `ji wd sdt eff `bòj.

snewdr tg`j dvdr*

@ fdw monds ej. `s wd bet ojte tgd feet gonns. tgd strd`m iwojindi

ujton eur prepdnndr w`s iobbojb up mui g`nf tgd tomd `ji wd wdrd

a`rdny mevojb* Rd muiindi tgreubg ujton `nmest feur e"hnehl wgdj

tgd ae`tm`j brujtdi `ji wd wdjt `breuji* Rd heuni be je furtgdr*

Ygd strd`m gì adhemd nottnd adttdr tg`j ` meujtòj ronn ` fdw y`ris

woid* Rd bet eut `ji w`nldi te ` nottnd vonn`bd ` qu`rtdr ef ` mond

adyeji. wgdrd wd bet rohlsg`ws te tgd pn`hd wgdjhd wd teel hgòrs*

Ygd nùjhg. nobgtdjdi ef `nn ef us aut tgd ae`tm`j. h`md ej te tgd

vonn`bd. wgdrd wd ndft ot `ftdr ojstruhtojb tgd ae`tm`j te wòt fer eur

rdturj tgd jdxt i`y*

Ygdrd wdrd semd 833 seniodrs ef Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s bu`ris oj tgos

vonn`bd ef Lo`jblew* Rd wdrd brddtdi mest herio`nny `ji gì je

treuand oj bdttojb rohlsg`ws fer tgd geur"s roid te Xgèw`jbrjoè. `r-

rovojb tgdrd `t fovd e"hnehl `ftdr `j ojtdrdstojb roid tgreubg pìiy

fodnis oj tgd sgìew ef brddj meujtòjs* Ygd suj s`jl new adgoji

tgd gonns* Oj tgorty mojutds wd gì prehurdi feur hgòrs `ji ` h`rry




heenod fer eur nubb`bd* Rotg tdj hgòr heenods wd wdrd eff fer Hgo-le.

twdjty Hgojdsd no iost`jt* @ no os àeut ` tgori ef ` mond*

Qoiojb oj ` hgòr os jet ujhemfertànd. aut `ftdr ` wgond ot adhemds

tdioeus. `ji Mr* L`ntdjaerj `ji O feuji rdnodf oj w`nlojb `t ojtdrv`ns*

Hgojdsd pd`s`jts turjdi te st`rd `t eur p`rty `s wd swujb `nejb oj

tgd twonobgt* Rd mdt m`jy f`rmdrs rdturjojb gemd. wd`ry `ftdr `

i`y ujidr tg`t suj. `ji dvdry ejd ef tgdm w`s pnd`s`jt. neelojb

iehond `ji lojiny `ji jet `t `nn `s tgeubg wd wdrd tgd g`tdi ferdobj

idvons tgdy wdrd suppesdi te tgojl us*

Rd rd`hgdi Hgo-le `t sdvdj-tgorty. kust `s tgd forst st`rs wdrd

`ppd`rojb* Ygd tewj w`s dj fdtd. sherds ef hgonirdj rujjojb àeut

wotg pohturdsqud n`jtdrjs ef `nn sg`pds `ji sozds. frem aob rdi fosg te

` meidn òrpn`jd* Ot w`s ` p`rìd oj gejer ef tgdor rdturjdi Bdjdr`n*

Rd wdjt ojsoid Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s geusd* Ot w`s r`tgdr n`rbd fer

Hgo-le. ojioh`tojb tg`t tgd Hgo`jb f`mony gì djkeydi ` hdrtòj idbrdd

ef prespdroty* Xeniodrs. `pp`rdjtny effohdrs ef gos bu`ri. wdrd iojojb

oj tgd eutdr reem* Eur ojtdrprdtdr teni us wd wdrd mest wdn-

hemd. `ji tgd effohdrs aewdi `ji smondi bdjo`nny* Rd ioshevdrdi

wd wdrd dxpdhtdi Mr* Y* V* Xeejb. fermdr Mojostdr ef Foj`jhd

oj tgd G`jlew rdbomd `ji ` aretgdr-oj-n`w ef Hgo`jb"s. g`vojb

wordi `gdì*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb gì gì ` prov`td tdndbr`pg nojd strujb up

frem Jojbpe te gos gdìqu`rtdrs up oj tgesd gonns* Rd areubgt

eut eur feei `ji iojdi `t ` tànd bovdj us fer tg`t purpesd* O

gì jdvdr addj quotd se muhg tgd hdjtdr ef `nn dyds adferd* Ygdlois" p`rìd areld up fer tgd memdjt `ji tgd wgend tewj. ot

sddmdi. hr`mmdi oj `t tgd ieers `ji hnomadi up te pddr oj `t

tgd wojiews `s wd `td* Ygdy sòi wd wdrd tgd forst ferdobjdrs

te hemd tg`t w`y oj feur er fovd yd`rs* M`jy ef tgd hgonirdj

heuni jet rdmdmadr dvdr g`vojb sddj ` wò-be-kdj 'ferdobjdr/

adferd* Ygdy `sldi of wd wdrd @mdroh`js. `ji wgdj wd sòi wd

wdrd. tgdy sddmdi pnd`sdi. brojjojb areìny*

Rd gì te Yourry ej. fer Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s oj gos tdmpnd

gobg àevd us ej tgd gonn* Nd`vojb Hgo-le àeut dobgt e"hnehl.

wd pusgdi ej `hress tgd j`rrew strop ef v`nndy adtwddj us `ji

tgd meujtòj* @t tgd dibd ef tgd vonn`bd wd r`j ojte tgd n`jtdrj

prehdssoej* Eur hgòr heenods. ujiosm`ydi. st`nldi robgt iewj

tgd s`md j`rrew strddt tgd p`rìd w`s hemojb up. `ji wd wdrd



JOJBSE MEQD F@Q 08?

oj tgd moist ef aeaaojb n`jtdrjs `ji hn`sgojb hyma`ns `ji `

aàanojb ef m`jy veohds* Ot w`s ` brd`t sobgt. tgesd p`pdr fosg.

`jom`ns. n`jtdrjs ef `nn sozds `ji ferms h`rrodi

ayhgonirdj. semd

ojf`jts oj `rms geniojb sw`yojb n`jtdrjs ej tgoj rddis* Rgy tgd

hgonirdj wdrd bovojb tgd idmejstr`toej wd jdvdr ioshevdrdi*

Sdrg`ps ot w`s tgdor i`y*

Ygreubg tgd jobgt wd kebbdi. eur ewj hgòrs fermojb ` sert

ef n`jtdrj prehdssoej* Fordfnods oj brd`t gerids sp`rlndi `moi

tgd t`nn br`ss `ji sh`ttdrdi a`maee trdds* Oj `j geur wd jetohdi

etgdr hgòr prehdssoejs* Tp tgd wojiojb meujtòj p`tg wd

hnomadi. w`nlojb p`rt ef tgd w`y. roiojb wgdj wd bet tordi*

Ygesd sturiy Hgojdsd heenods wdrd m`rvdns* Rotg eur neì. twe

ef tgdm heuni be robgt `gdì `t ` brd`t p`hd up tgd stddpdst oj-

hnojds* Ygdor ndbs `rd gd`vony mushndi. g`ri `s stddn* Adnew ejd

heuni neel a`hl ojte tgd v`nndy `ji sdd etgdr ponbroms tr`vdrsojb

tgd nejb p`tg te tgd meujtòj tep te sdd tgd rdtordi ndìdr* Gos

sdhnusoej w`s ` mytg*

@t n`st tgd tdmpnd! Rd `rrovdi adferd tgd m`ssovd weeidj

b`tds `t tdj e"hnehl* Ygdrd wdrd `t nd`st tdj hgòrs `ji semd

tgorty heenods* @j eridrny teel eur h`ris `ji ` ndttdr L`ntdjaerj

gì frem Y* V* Xeejb te Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb `ji wotg ` brujt ios-

`ppd`rdi tgreubg tgd heurty`ri ojte tgd i`rl auoniojb adyeji*

Rd wòtdi* Gd rdturjdi `ji epdjdi tgd b`tds* @ sgeut wdjt

up `s tgd heenods areubgt oj tgdor hgòrs* Ygd bu`ri g`rsgny

eridrdi sondjhd* Ygd Bdjdr`n gì rdtordi*

Rd wdrd ndi ojte `j ojjdr hg`madr `ji effdrdi feei `ji td`*

Rd heuni jet sdd tgd Bdjdr`n tg`t jobgt. aut `ftdr nejb p`rndys

wotg gos sdhrdt`ry wd mìd ot hnd`r wd w`jtdi te sdd gom d`rny

tgd jdxt merjojb oj eridr te bdt ujidr w`y te h`thg tgd feur

e"hnehl Jojbpe ae`t fer Xg`jbgò* Rd wdrd tgdj sgewj te `j-

etgdr reem oj tgd r`manojb eni tdmpnd. wgdrd wd feuji m`ts ej

weeidj heuhgds rdìy fer eur usd* Rd wdrd bovdj dvdry heur-

tdsy* Rd bet eur adi hnetgojb. nòi ot evdr tgd m`ts. `ji adferd

dndvdj e"hnehl wdrd `snddp. fer tgd sondjhd oj tgesd weeis w`s

gd`vy*

Aeemojb tdmpnd adnns `w`ldjdi us `t fovd e"hnehl tgd jdxt

merjojb* Ygdor rdsej`jt tejds seujidi tgreubg tgd weeis `ji

fonndi tgd òr* Ygd sujnobgt strd`mdi oj `t eur wojiew* Rd `resd




`ji feuji ` heenod gì areubgt get w`tdr `ji tewdns *** `nn tgd

hemferts ef gemd* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s v`ndt. ` yeujb m`j O rd-

mdmadrdi frem eur Gsuhgew-fu trop oj Kujd. seej `ppd`rdi+ `ji

areubgt us er`jbds 'Xujlost er`jbds frem H`noferjo`/ `ji ard`l-

f`st. ojhnuiojb get monl. h`lds. ardì `ji ` sert ef hgehen`td

w`fdr* Rgond wd wdrd d`tojb. tgd v`ndt rdturjdi `ji `jjeujhdi

tg`t Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s wòtojb te rdhdovd us*

Rd feuji gom ej tgd areì vdr`ji`g eutsoid tgd mòj auoni-

ojb ef tgd tdmpnd* Rd gì hgòrs `rr`jbdi `reuji ` sm`nn tànd

ej wgohg get brddj td` w`s pn`hdi. tebdtgdr wotg tgd ojdvotànd

nottnd idnoh`hods suhg `s juts. h`jiods. dth* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s

irdssdi oj ` sonl suot tònerdi nold tg`t ef ` ferdobjdr dxhdpt tg`t

tgd he`t auttejdi up `reuji tgd jdhl oj sdmo-monot`ry f`sgoej*

Ot w`s tgd ujoferm ef tgd Luemojt`jb. idsobjdi ay tgd n`td Ir*

Xuj _`t-sdj* Gd werd sonl sehls `ji p`tdjt nd`tgdr pumps* Gd

neeldi heen `ji r`tgdr ndss werj `ji ir`wj tg`j wgdj O gì n`st

sddj gom ej tgd w`y a`hl frem tgd Gsuhgew-fu frejt*

Gd brddtdi us herio`nny `ji sgeel g`jis wotg md. dxprdssojb

gos `pprdho`toej ef tgd g`risgops ejd g`s te be tgreubg te bdt te

tgos eut ef tgd w`y pn`hd `ji ojvotojb us te rdmòj evdr tgd i`y

se tg`t gd mobgt t`ld us ej ` gold `reuji tgd gonns `ji sgew us `

p`rtohun`rny adùtofun w`tdrf`nn jet f`r `w`y* Gd w`s sojhdrdny

ios`ppeojtdi wgdj wd teni gom wd must rusg tgreubg tgd ojtdr-

vodw `ji bdt a`hl te Xg`jbgò wgdrd tgojbs wdrd g`ppdjojb* Gd

subbdstdi wd mobgt be te tgd w`tdrf`nn `jyw`y. `ji eridrdi `j

dshert fer tgd keurjdy* Aut wd heuni jet m`ld ot*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s aottdr `bòjst tgd K`p`jdsd* Gd sòi gd

adnodvdi tgdm rdspejsoand fer gos idfd`t oj tgd jertg `ji tgd

fònurd ef tgd J`toej`nosts" jertgdrj dxpdiotoej oj Kuny*

Ygdor ehhup`toej ef Ysoj`j `ji tgd rònw`y anehldi us. gd

sòi* Eur suhhdss w`s `ssurdi ujton K`p`j stdppdi oj*

Hgo`jb sòi gd ioi jet w`jt te t`nl `jy merd àeut tgos. jerweuni gd be ojte idtòn àeut gos quottojb `s Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf*

Gd sòi. My rd`sejs `rd oj my m`jofdste bovdj eut oj Xg`jbgò*

Ygdrd `rd je etgdr rd`sejs*

Gd teel gos pesotoej pgonesepgoh`nny* Ygdrd w`s ` aot ef tgd

dbetost oj tgd Bdjdr`n. p`riejànd je ieuat oj vodw ef gos `hgodvd-

mdjts* Gd w`s `sldi of gd ioij"t tgojl gos nd`vojb tgd rdvenu-



090

toej `t tgos tomd ef hruho`n g`ppdjojbs w`s aeuji te wd`ldj tgd

hùsd. `ji gd sòi; _ds. O tgojl se* Hryptoh djeubg* Aut gd

sòi gd gì te quot oj vodw ef wg`t gì

bejd

adferd `ji rdfdrrdi

`bòj te gos nejb mdss`bd ef rdsobj`toej* Oj tgos gd sòi tg`t

tgdrd gì addj tee muhg eppesotoej te gom pdrsej`nny `ji tg`t

gd tgeubgt ujton hejfoidjhd oj gom w`s rdsterdi gd gì adttdr bdt

eut* Gd aewdi te tgd hrotohosm ef G`jlew `ji te tgd penotoh`n

dxobdjhods ef tgd memdjt*

Ygd Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf sòi gd mobgt rdturj te tgd rdvenu-

toej* O `m tee muhg ` p`rt ef ot. ot os tee muhg `

p`rt

ef md.

fer md te bdt eut fer `nn tomd* O dxpdht te rdturj te tgd mevd-

mdjt. aut O ie jet ljew wgdj* O weuni nold te be àreì*

Rgdrd5 O `sldi*

"Ye @mdroh` forst. Hgo`jb rdpnodi* _eu tdnn md tgdy `rd

symp`tgdtoh tgdrd* Rdnn. O weuni nold te be `ji sdd* @ftdr tg`t.

te Durepd `ji dnsdwgdrd* Ot os `nn ojidfojotd. ef heursd* Aut O

jddi ` rd`n rdst*

Gd ojtom`tdi tg`t evdrturds wdrd adojb mìd te bdt gom a`hl

ojte tgd S`rty* Gd w`s ujidhoidi aut gd ojtdjidi te rdmòj oj

gos tdmpnd rdtrd`t fer ` tomd. oj `jy h`sd* Gd smondi wgdj wd

rdfdrrdi te tgd m`jy vosoters gd w`s g`vojb. dvdj up gdrd* _ds.

gd sòi. ejd"s rd`n frodjis t`ld tgd treuand te keurjdy dvdj ojte

` pn`hd nold tgos* Gd sòi Y* V* Xeejb w`s dxpdhtdi oj ` fdw

i`ys* Xeejbw`jtdi te

urbd Hgo`jb"srdturj*

Rd t`nldi fer jd`rny `j geur `ji tgdj. `ftdr pgetebr`pgojb

tgd Bdjdr`n ej gos frejt perhg wotg gos dndvdj-yd`r eni sej.

Hgo`jb Hgojb-p`jb. wd ndft oj eur hgòrs `t dobgt e"hnehl*

Xwojbojb evdr tgd roibd `ji iewj ojte tgd v`nndy adnew. wd

gì ` g`nf geur ef ejd ef tgd mest m`rvdneus vodws O g`vd dvdr

sddj* Rd heuni sdd fer monds `hress tgd pnòjs te wgdrd meuj-

tòjs resd `bòj ej tgd f`r soid. `ji adnew us ` meujtòj strd`mwoidjdi ojte ` sonvdry n`ld wgesd stonn w`tdrs bnostdjdi oj tgd

d`rny merjojb sujsgojd*

Ygd keurjdy iewj te eur ae`t `t Lo`jblew teel frem dobgt

ujton ejd* Rd bet te Lo`jblew `t jeej. aut tgd ae`tm`j. rd-

mdmadrojb tgd mui `ji tgd sg`nnew strd`m. gì ndft gos nùjhg

tdj no `w`y! Rd gì te w`nl ot tgreubg tgd moii`y furj`hd ef




tg`t v`nndy `ji wd `rrovdi `j geur n`tdr ej feet tgreubg tgd

gumoi. sw`mpy rohd fodnis. iroppojb wotg pdrspor`toej*

Ygd std`mdr ndft Jojbpe fer Xg`jbgò `t feur e"hnehl* Rd id-

hoidi `bòj jet te usd tgd geusdae`t. wgohg gì rd`hgdi tgos peojt

iurojb tgd `ftdrjeej `ji jobgt. aut te gurry `nejb oj tgd nùjhg* @t

twe ferty-fovd wd wdrd ejny àeut g`nf w`y te Jojbpe. `ji tgd pres-

pdhts ef h`thgojb tgd ae`t wdrd iom* Ygdj ` n`rbd nùjhg ej tgd

rdbun`r uprovdr ruj gevd oj sobgt `ji wd gòndi ot* Hn`madrojb

àe`ri. wd feuji ot k`mmdi funn ef Hgojdsd ef tgd pd`s`jt er heenod

hn`ss* Ygdy wdrd mest frodjiny. nùbgojb `ji kàadrojb `w`y `t eur

`rrov`n* Ejd rdm`rldi oj Hgojdsd;

>l

Rdnn. O must s`y O g`vd sddj wgotdr ferdobjdrs tg`j tgdsd*

Gd w`s ieuatndss robgt* Eur f`hds wdrd ` arobgt rdi. `ji tgd

sujaurj sm`rtdi fer i`ys. idspotd eur areìarommdi str`w g`ts*

Ygd nùjhg bet te Jojbpe kust`t feur e"hnehl* Rd r`hdi `nejb

tgd Auji ` g`nf mond te wgdrd eur std`mdr w`s te idp`rt* Ot gì

bejd* Rd heuni sdd ot ` qu`rtdr ef ` mond iewj strd`m aut f`r frem

eur gepds ef h`thgojb ot* Gewdvdr. eur Hgojdsd ioshevdrdi ` std`mdr

`nejbsoid tg`t w`s nd`vojb `t feur-tgorty* Rd sobgdi wotg rdnodf* Ye

spdji ` jobgt `ji ` i`y oj Jojbpe weuni g`vd addj torojb*

Rd bet ujidr w`y `t feur-tgorty. `ftdr p`yojb eff eur aonns `ji

bovojb eur Hgojdsd frodjis m`jy tg`jls fer ` mest iovdrtojb trop*

Ygd vey`bd w`s ujdvdjtfun iurojb tgd dvdjojb* Rd p`ssdi tgd etgdr

sgop. ojhoidjt`nny. `t àeut dobgt e"hnehl. muhg te eur ujgeny bndd*

@ftdr iojjdr. wgohg wd `td oj senot`ry spndjier. tgd Hgojdsd iojojb

ej rohd `t sox e"hnehl `ji wd g`vojb ferdobj hgew `t sdvdj. wd

turjdi oj*

Ot w`s tgrdd-twdjty-fovd `*m*. @ubust 13. wgdj wd wdrd `w`ldjdi

ay ` sdrods ef tdrrofoh dxpnesoejs* Nd`jojb eut ef my aujl. O pddrdi

ojte tgd jobgt* @ hr`sg. `ji ` fn`sg ef ford h`md frem ` i`rl sgop jet

933 y`ris `w`y* @bòj tgos w`s rdpd`tdi* Xgronn hrods h`md frem

tgd wemdj àe`ri. `ji mdj rusgdi àeut*

O wdjt ej idhl oj lomeje te ioshevdr tgd treuand* Ot `ppd`rdi

tg`t ` Hgojdsd w`rsgop w`s forojb`t us* Xox sgets h`md re`rojb evdr

eur gdì. ejd n`jiojb kust `gdì ef tgd aew `ji slottdrojb `hress tgd

w`tdr* Ot w`s je fuj. tg`t ausojdss. `ji O rdturjdi te sd`rhg tgd

hàoj fer ` nofd adnt* Ygdrd w`s jejd*

Ygd Hgojdsd hàoj aey. wge heuni spd`l Djbnosg. sòi tgd sgop w`s



JOJBSE MEQD F@Q 098

` bujae`t sdjt ay Hg`jb Yse-noj te aema`ri tgd Reesujb ferts `ji

g`r`ss sgoppojb* Ygos. `ftdr gd gì sòi tgd bujs wdrd ` sobj`n te

n`y te `ji `jhger fer tgd jobgt* O teni gom tg`t stery adnejb je

beei%" `ji gd ìmottdi gd w`s tryojb te prdvdjt eur adojb werrodi*

Ygd w`rsgop `pp`rdjtny b`vd ot up `s ` aì kea `ftdr sox sgets `ji

hd`sdi forojb* Rgy tgdy ioij"t hg`sd us os stonn ` mystdry* Aut tgdy

turjdi tgdor areìsoid `w`y. te my v`st rdnodf. `ji ios`ppd`rdi ojte

tgd jobgt* @jetgdr vdrsoej ef tgd stery w`s tg`t tgdy wdrd aema`ri-

ojb tgd Reesujb ferts* Aut wd wdrd jet ydt jd`r Reesujb. `ji

adsoids tgd ferts ioi jet rdpny*

O foj`nny wdjt a`hl te snddp te ird`m ef a`ttnds ujton i`wj. `ji

w`s bnì te bdt ` rohlsg`w `t sox-tgorty `s wd h`md `nejbsoid tgd

Auji oj Xg`jbgò ejhd merd*



03 @ JDR ID@N FEQ HGOJ@

BDJDQ@NOXXOME

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl gì erb`jozdi tgd J`-

toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb ndss tg`j ` mejtg `ftdr tg`t

hoty w`s h`pturdi ay tgd rdvenutoej`ry ferhds frem tgd Xeutg*

Ygd i`td w`s @pron 07. 0?12*

Ojhoidjt`nny. oj tgd M`ji`roj io`ndht tgd weri er weris. J`j-

Lojb%" md`j. Xeutgdrj H`pot`n*+" Ygd forst hg`r`htdr. J`j. md`js

Xeutgdrj< `ji Lojb. 'Hgojb. er Kojb. `s ot os prejeujhdi ay tgd

Hgojdsd/ md`js H`pot`n* Yg`t os wgy tgd j`md Sdlojb w`s `ntdrdi

te Sdopojb fer'o

Sd-Lojb md`jt Jertgdrj H`pot`n Ygd jdwny

djrohgdi mdj ef tgd Luemojt`jb hnujb te tgd tgdery tg`t tgdrd heuni

ad je jertgdrj h`pot`n* Ygdrd jddi ad aut ejd. tgdy gdni. `ji tg`t

sgeuni ad J`jlojb* Gdjhd. tgdy ossudi ` idhrdd oj 0?17. `ji tgd

hoty tg`t gì addj ljewj `s Sdlojb fer `bds adh`md ljewj oj ` sur-

prosojbny sgert tomd `s Sdopojb. er Jertgdrj Sd`hd.

Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl spnot wotg gos eni hemrìds oj hej-

tren `t G`jlew tg`t turaundjt sprojb ef 0?12. `ji gos mdj h`pturdi

Xg`jbgò `ji tgdj J`jlojb. `s idshroadi* Hgo`jb iosnoldi tgd Hem-

mujost ojfnudjhd oj G`jlew* Ot w`s brewojb oj brd`t stroids* Gd

w`jtdi te hgdhl tgos ojtdrfdrdjhd frem Meshew* Gd iostrustdi tgd

Qusso`j @ivoser`td. gdìdi ay Mol`n Aereioj* Ygd Qusso`j @ivo-

ser`td gì werldi smeetgny `ji wotg r`rd prdhosoej tg`t h`jjet ad

qudstoejdi* Ot werldi fer tgd mest p`rt ujidr hevdr* Aereioj r`rdny

`ppd`rdi oj puanoh er mìd ` spddhg* Gd s`w te ot tg`t ot w`s `

purdnyHgojdsd

mevdmdjt.ej tgd surf`hd gd `ji gos mdj aerdi

frem wotgoj. `ji wdnn*

Hgo`jb gì rd`nozdi wg`t w`s ehhurrojb* Gd s`w tgd Hgojdsd

nesojb hejtren ef `nn tgdor pn`js `t gemd te ` jdw `ji ojsoioeus ferdobj

a`ra`ro`j aneh* Hgo`jb djvosoejdi tgdm usojb tgd Luemojt`jb

mdrdny `s ` teen wotg wgohg te bòj dvdjtu`n m`stdry ef @so`. oj tgd

Qusso`j hejhdptoej ef tgdor be`n tgd werni rdvenutoej* Frem tgd

099



FEQ HGOJ@ 094

st`rt. tgd Bdjdr`n gì ìvosdi `bòjst tgd `hhdpt`jhd ef òi frem

Meshew* Gd w`s evdrrundi* Aut Xuj _`t-sdj. F`tgdr ef tgd Que-

mojt`jb. wgem monnoejs oj Hgoj`tei`y

rdvdrd. gì iodi oj

Sdlojboj 0?16*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb. tgd jdw Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf ef tgd Luemojhguj

'Ygd Sdepnds+ @rmy/ `s wdnn `s tgd Luemojt`jb 'Ygd Sdepnds"

S`rty/. w`s frdd te eady gos ewj ioht`tds* Gd hgesd te spnot wotg

G`jlew wgdj tgd mdj tgdrd rdfusdi te fennew gos hemm`jis*

Gd struhl swoftny* Ejhd oj hejtren ef Xg`jbgò `ji J`jlojb.

Hgo`jb seubgt ` jdw id`n fer tgd wdnf`rd ef`nn

Hgojdsd* Gd seubgtot `ftdr tgd ioht`tds ef gos ewj idsords. jet tgesd ef tgd Qusso`j @ivos-

er`td* Ygd Bdjdr`n w`s frdd* Gd heuni ie beei oj gos ewj m`jjdr.

`ji jejd heuni s`y gom j`y*

Ygd Bdjdr`n. wgdj gd seubgt ` jdw id`n fer tgd Hgojdsd pde-

pnds. forst sdt up gos J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb* Gd w`s id-

jeujhdi `s ` jde-monot`rost ay tgd venuand Dubdjd Hgdj `t G`jlew*

Ygd ojf`jt bevdrjmdjt gì ots hrotohs. Hgojdsd `s wdnn `s ferdobj. fremtgd st`rt* Ots p`tg w`s ` rehly reì tew`ri ujoty `ji ` merd àuj-

i`jt nofd fer tgd iewjtreiidj mdj. wemdj `ji hgonirdj ojgàotojb `nn

Hgoj`*

Hgo`jb w`s ejd ef tgd r`rd mdj oj Hgoj` wge adnodvdi tg`t ot

w`s tomd te ndt tgd Hgojdsd oj ej tgd adttdr tgojbs ef tgos dxostdjhd*

Gd w`s. `ji rdmòjs. ` m`j wge g`s tgd oid` tg`t tgd v`roeus trd`tods

wgohg ferdobj j`toejs sobjdi wotg tgd jew idfujht Ir`bej Ygrejd oj

tgd i`ys ef tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty `t Sdlojb sgeuni ad rdvosdi. of jet

shr`ppdi* Gos sneb`j os stonn; Iewj wotg tgd ujdqu`n trd`tods!

Fer ejd tgojb. tgd Bdjdr`n fdnt tg`t Hgoj` sgeuni ad `nnewdi te ruj

gdr ewj Hustems @imojostr`toej ojstdì ef g`vojb ` ferdobjdr 'usu-

`nny Arotosg/ `t tgd gdì ef ot* Ejd rdsunt w`s tg`t tgd eni fovd pdr

hdjt ì v`nerdm t`roff ej dvdrytgojb ompertdi ojte `jy trd`ty pert oj

Hgoj` w`sshr`ppdi*

Ygd jdw J`toej`nBevdrjmdjt. jd`rny

tweyd`rs

`ftdr ots ojhdptoej. sdt up ots ewj forst Y`roff Xhgdiund ej Fdaru`ry 0.

0?1?* Xemd ferdobj trìdrs `ji etgdrs eakdhtdi. aut tgd t`roff

rdmòjdi*

Ygd àenotoej ef dxtr`-tdrrotero`noty w`s `jetgdr be`n tew`ri wgohg

tgd mdj `t J`jlojb wdrd werlojb* Ot md`js tgd dji ef hejsun`r

heurts fer tgd tro`n ef ferdobjdrs 'ojhnuiojb @mdroh`js/ oj Hgoj`. `ji




tgd dji ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Fdidr`n Heurt fer Hgoj`. wotg gdì-

qu`rtdrs oj Xg`jbgò*

@ M`jofdste te tgd Sdepnd w`s ossudi sgertny `ftdr tgos Hgojdsd

oid` ef ` jdw id`n w`s put ojte dffdht wotg tgd feuji`toej ef tgd

J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb* Ygos gosteroh m`jofdste w`s mìd

`vònànd te md oj Hgoj` `t tgd tomd ot w`s ossudi* O prdsdjt tgos

storrojb `ji vot`n iehumdjt gdrd fer ots v`nud `s ` m`ttdr ef rdheri `ji

ojferm`toej `ji fer ots ojtdrdst `s Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb"s hejhdptoej oj

tgesd ujsdttndi i`ys ef tgd mdtgeis fer `ttòjojb pr`htoh`n wdnf`rd

feo `nn* Gos tdxt;

M@JOFDXYE YE YGD SDESND

0* Ygd J`toej`nost rdvenutoej `bòjst tgd ompdro`nosts `ji mono-

t`rosts*

1* Ygd pepun`roty ef tgd Hgojdsd J`toej`nost @rmy*

8* Ygd hromds ef tgd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts*

9* Ygd tgrdd peojts ef fuji`mdjt`n ioffdrdjhd adtwddj tgd Lue-

mojt`jb `ji tgd Hemmujost S`rty*

4* Ygd mosndìojb tdrm. Jdw Monot`rost*

6* Hgoj`"s tgrdd p`tgs;

`* Monot`ry rund*

a* Hemmujost rdbomd*

` Ygd p`rty bevdrjmdjt ef tgd Luemojt`jb*

Ygd purpesd ef tgd Luemojt`jb. sojhd ot os feujidi ej tgd

X`j-moj projhopnds. os te premetd tgd wdnf`rd ef tgd Hgojdsd

pdepnd. te frdd tgd djtord r`hd `ji te strovd fer tgd dqu`noty ef

`nn tgd j`toejs ef tgd werni*

Ots t`sl. tgdrdferd. os te evdrtgrew monot`rosm `ji ompdro`n-

osm. te dnomoj`td `nn wohldi `ji voendjt ferhds aetg wotgoj `ji

wotgeut tgd heujtry `ji te eatòj Hgoj`"s ojidpdjidjhd. noadrty

`ji dqu`noty* Ygos os `nse ` p`rt ef tgd t`sl ef tgd werni rdve-

nutoej*

Fer m`jy yd`rs eur heujtry g`s addj epprdssdi hejtojueusny

ay ompdro`nosm wgohg g`s ojvìdi eur tdrrotery. ojfrojbdi upejeur sevdrdobjty. djhre`hgdi upej eur m`rotomd hustems. hej-

trenndi eur penotoh`n `ji dhejemoh nofd `ji dvdj lonndi eur yeutgs

'upej suhg `j ehh`soej. fer ojst`jhd. `s tgd m`ss`hrd ef M`y83. 0?14*/ Ompdro`nosm g`s `nse ompesdi ujdqu`n trd`tods upej



@` J D w ID@N"+ FEQ HGOJ@ 092

us `ji trd`tdi us `s ` sdmo-henejo`n pessdssoej* Heuni Hgoj`

stonn ad rdb`ridi `s `j ojidpdjidjt `ji frdd st`td5

Oj ìiotoej te tgos tgd ferdobj ompdro`nostoh

pewdrs

utonozd tgd

objer`jhd `ji tgd rutgndssjdss ef tgd Hgojdsd monot`rosts oj eridr

te rund Hgoj`. `ji tgdy `nnew tgd n`ttdr"s `jom`n ojstojhts te

idvdnep te suhg ` idbrdd tg`t tgdy h`jjet ad hgdhldi* @t forst

tgdsd monot`rosts w`bdi w`r dvdry fdw yd`rs fer sdnfosg djis.

tgdj tgdy w`bdi w`r ejhd ` yd`r. `ji tgdj sdvdr`n w`rs dvdry

yd`r fer m`jy yd`rs. tgdrday ard`lojb up seho`n erb`joz`toejs

`ji ojhrd`sojb tgd suffdrojbs ef tgd pdepnd* Rotg tgd j`toej`n

`ffòrs djtrustdi te tgd g`jis ef tgdsd ojhempdtdjt. objer`jt `ji

ojgum`j hrd`turds. h`j eur pdepnd g`vd `jy gepd ef dxostdjhd5

Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj. tgd ndìdr ef tgd Luemojt`jb. w`s tgd

feujidr ef tgd Qdpuanoh ef Hgoj`* @htu`tdi ay ` idsord te s`vd

Hgoj` frem tgd pdron ef dxtojhtoej `ji te bovd tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd

` merd s`tosf`htery nofd. gd feujidi tgd X`j-mnj projhopnds. wgohg

`rd; j`toej`nosm. idmehr`hy `ji seho`noz`toej ef dhejemoh erb`jo-

z`toej* Tjfertuj`tdny. gewdvdr. `ftdr ferty yd`rs ef gdreoh

dffert. gd iodi fer tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd `ji djtrustdi. oj gos wonn.

tgd ney`n mdmadrs ef tgd Luemojt`jb `ji tgd trud adnodvdrs ef

tgd Xhm-wooj projhopnds. wotg tgd t`sl ef tgd hejtoju`toej. te-

bdtgdr wotg tgd m`ssds ef tgd pdepnd. ef gos uj`hhempnosgdi werl

ef j`toej`nost rdvenutoej* Xojhd O teel tgd e`tg te hemm`ji tgd

jertgdrj dxpdiotoej`ry `rmy. O g`vd `nw`ys ldpt Ir* Xuj"s

oid`ns `s my buoid oj tgd strubbnd wotg tgd jertgdrj monot`rosts*

Xojhd ot òms fer tgd wdnf`rd ef tgd heujtry. tgd j`toej`nost

rdvenutoej`ry `rmy os jet mdrdny fer tgd pdepnd. ot os `nse ef tgd

pdepnd* Qdnyojb upej puanoh suppert. eur `rmy g`s suhhddidi

`t dvdry st`bd< `t forst ehhupyojb Guj`j `ji Gupdg `ji evdr-

tgrewojb tgd rd`htoej`ry monot`rost. Ru Sdo-fu< tgdj sdozojb

Lo`jbso. Fulodj. Hgdlo`jb. `ji @jgwdo. tgdrday dnomoj`tojb tgd

hujjojb monot`rost. Xuj Hgu`jb-f`jb. `ji tgdj h`pturojb Xg`jbgò

`ji J`jlojb. irovojb `w`y tgd arut`n monot`rost. Hg`jb Hgujb-

hg`jb*

Xojhd Xzdhgw`j. Lwdohgew. _ujj`j. Xgdjso. `ji L`jsu `rd

jew ujidr tgd bneroeus fn`b ef tgd rdvenutoej`ry `rmy. tgd pewdr

ef tgd hrudn jertgdrj monot`rosts g`s se f`r idhrd`sdi tg`t furtgdr

strejb rdsost`jhd sddms ompessoand* Rgdrdvdr eur seniodrs g`vd




bejd tgdy g`vd mdt wotg tgd heepdr`toej ef tgd pdepnd* Ygd

seniodrs jet ejny hùsd je treuand `mejb tgd pdepnd aut `nse

hejsoidr tgdm `s ardtgrdj< wgond tgd pdepnd wgend-gd`rtdiny `ji

venujt`rony wdnhemd tgd seniodrs wotg feei `ji lojijdss* Ygos

sgews tgd pepun`roty ef tgd Luemojt`jb seniodrs `mejb tgd

pdepnd*

Ygd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts. g`vojb sdhurdi mdmadrsgop oj tgd

Luemojt`jb wotg m`nohoeus ojtdjt. m`sldi ay eur p`rty `ji

wotg tgd pretdhtoej ef eur `rmy. ujdxpdhtdiny dxtdjidi tgdor

ojfnudjhd dvdrywgdrd `ji hrd`tdi ` rdobj ef tdrrer tgreubg tgd

`bdjhy ef tgdor sdhrdt `ji trd`hgdreus pnets*

Ygdy ljdw tg`t tgd Luemojt`jb gì ots ewj systdm`toh `ji

hejhrdtd prebr`m fer j`toej`n `ji penotoh`n rdhejstruhtoej. se

tgdy purpesdny utonozdi jeteroeus penotoho`js. ruffo`js. roetdrs

`ji rdhlndss yeutgs `ji àusdi bevdrjmdjt pewdr oj eridr te

prdvdjt tgd prebr`m ef tgd Luemojt`jb frem adojb h`rrodi eut*

Ygdy ljdw tg`t tgd Luemojt`jb supperts tgd pd`s`jts" `ji

nàerdrs" mevdmdjt `ji p`ys ` brd`t id`n ef `ttdjtoej te tgdor

seho`n `ji dhejemoh hejiotoej `ji ydt tgd Hemmujosts dmpneydi

tgdsd trd`hgdreus pdrsejs mdjtoejdi àevd te g`r`ss `ji epprdss

tgd rd`n pd`s`jts `ji nàerdrs*

Ej tgd ejd g`ji tgdy dxhnuidi tgd mdmadrs ef tgd Lue-

mojt`jb frem p`rtohop`toej oj tgd pd`s`jts" `ji nàerdrs" mevd-

mdjts. `ji ej tgd etgdr tgdy ruojdi tgd pepun`roty ef tgd Lue-

mojt`jb `mejb tgd teonojb m`ssds. se tg`t tgd wdnf`rd ef tgd

pd`s`jts `ji nàerdrs g`s addj hempndtdny jdbndhtdi `ji tgdor

suffdrojbs g`vd ojhrd`sdi brd`tny i`y ay i`y*

Oj tgos w`y `rd tgd t`htohs ef tgd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts werl-

ojb tew`ris tgd idstruhtoej `ji hempndtd a`jlrupthy ef tgd

Hgojdsd seho`n `ji dhejemoh st`td*

Rotg rdb`ri te diuh`toej. tgd ìv`jhdmdjt `ji `hquosotoej ef

ljewndibd `rd gojir`jhds te tgd m`jopun`toej ef tgd m`ssds* Oj

Gupdg. tgdrdferd. tgdy ìeptdi tgd sneb`js; Ye be te shgeen

os jet rdvenutoej`ry `ji tgdrdferd ot osheujtdr-rdvenutoej`ry*

Tjidr tgdor rund oj Guj`j `ji Gupdg diuh`toej ospr`htoh`nny

jdbndhtdi*

Rotg rdb`ri te ferdobj penohy. tgdy g`vd rdkdhtdi tgd penohy

ef tgd Luemojt`jb. wgohg os te id`n wotg ` sojbnd pewdr forst.



@ JDR ID@N"+ FEQ HGOJ@ 09?

`ji tgdy g`vd ferhdi tgd ompdro`nostoh pewdrs ojte ` strejb `ji

ujotdi frejt se tg`t Hgoj` mobgt f`hd djdmods dvdrywgdrd `ji

ad ferhdi. oj hejsdqudjhd. te hemd ujidr tgd brop ef ` spdho`n

ferdobj erb`joz`toej*

Rotg rdb`ri te p`rty `ffòrs. tgdy ljdw tg`t wd g`vd mòj-

tòjdi tgd penohy ef S`rty bevdrjmdjt `s Hgoj`"s ejny gepd ef

s`nv`toej. `ji se tgdy g`vd sjd`ldi ojte tgd Luemojt`jb oj

eridr te upsdt eur systdm `ji. ay usojb tròters. te `nodj`td eur

hemrìds* Ej tgd ejd g`ji tgdy iemoj`tdi tgd hdjtr`n erb`jo-

z`toej%" `ji ej tgd etgdr tgdy hejtrenndi tgd newdr ar`jhgds ef

tgd p`rty `ji dxhnuidi tgd rd`n `ji ney`n mdmadrs ef tgd Lue-

mojt`jb frem p`rty `ffòrs* Ygus g`vd tgdy trodi te m`ld tgd

p`rty Luemojt`jb oj j`md aut Hemmujost oj f`ht*

Oj monot`ry `ffòrs. tgdy s`w tgd r`poi ìv`jhd mìd ay eur

`rmy `ji fd`rdi `j d`rny suhhdss fer tgd j`toej`nost rdvenutoej

wgohg weuni `nnew je tomd fer tgd Hemmujost prep`b`ji` werl

wgdj tgd prebr`m ef rdhejstruhtoej hemmdjhdi. `ji se tgdy

`nodj`tdi eur `rmy hemrìds. ojtdrruptdi monot`ry mevdmdjts.

gdni up prevosoejs `ji `mmujotoej `ji ioi dvdry etgdr dma`r-

r`ssojb tgojb oj tgdor pewdr*

Ygdsd hejiotoejs g`vd `nn addj idtòndi oj my Idhn`r`toej te

tgd Luemojt`jb Mdmadrs%" wgohg `nn pdrsejs m`y rdì*

Oj sgert. tgdy g`vd idhdotfunny `ssumdi eur j`md oj eridr te

hemmot dvdry pessoand hromd `ji tgdy. adojb tgd teens ef ` spd-

ho`n ferdobj erb`joz`toej. g`vd mìd usd ef meas `ji ruffo`js

`ji g`vd put ojte pr`htohd tgdor gerroand penotohs* Yg`t os tgd

rd`sej wgy tgdrd os tgd hry `nn `nejb tgd _`jbtzd V`nndy. Iewj

wotg tgd S`rty mdj!

O idsord tg`t eur pdepnd g`vd ` hnd`r hejhdptoej ef tgd

S`rty mdj* O h`jjet s`y tg`t ef eur monnoej Luemojt`jb

hemrìds dvdry ejd os pdrfdht. aut tgd trud ejds fennew eur p`rty

projhopnds `ji h`jjet pdrmot tgdmsdnvds te ad mosndi ay tgd

idhdotfun Hemmujost S`rty* Ygesd wge ie jet hejferm te tgd

X`j-moj projhopnds. dvdj tgeubg tgdy geni mdmadrsgop oj tgd

Luemojt`jb. `rd p`rty tròters `ji wonn ad pujosgdi sdvdrdny*

O gepd tg`t tgd pdepnd wonn jet rdhebjozd oj tgdm tgd rd`n Lue-

mojt`jb mdmadrs*

Rotg rdb`ri te tgd prdsdjt rdvenutoej`ry mevdmdjt. tgd Lue-




mojt`jb ioffdrs fuji`mdjt`nny frem tgd Hemmujost S`rty oj tgd

tgrdd fennewojb eutst`jiojb peojts;

Oj tgd forst pn`hd. wd òm `t tgd frddiem ef tgd djtord Hgojdsd

pdepnd. gdjhd wd rdquord tgd heepdr`toej ef `nn hn`ssds* Ygd

ioht`tersgop ef ejd hn`ss weuni nd`vd tgd etgdr hn`ssds ujdm`j-

hop`tdi `ji hrd`td `jetgdr tyr`jjoh`n `ji gobg-g`jidi rund* Eur

sojhdrd idsord os te g`vd ` br`ji ujoej ef f`rmdrs. nàerdrs. mdr-

hg`jts. stuidjts `ji seniodrs* Rd formny adnodvd tg`t Hgoj` ieds

jet jddi tgd ioht`tersgop ef tgd prendt`ro`t*Furtgdrmerd wd

adnodvd tg`t of tgd ioht`tersgop ef tgd prendt`ro`t wdrd pr`htosdi

oj Hgoj` ot weuni jet ad ` trud ejd aut weuni ad ` mea rund*

Adsoids. wd st`rtdi tgd rdvenutoej fer tgd pdepnd `s ` wgend.

wgdrd`s tgd Hemmujosts ie ot ejny fer tgd hrd`toej ef ` ioht`ter-

sgop ef tgd prendt`ro`t wotg tgd eakdht ef idstreyojb seho`n `ji

dhejemoh feuji`toejs wgends`nd*

Xdhejiny. wd rdhebjozd tg`t tgd pdepnd ef Hgoj` sgeuni g`vd

tgd robgt ef sdnf-idtdrmoj`toej fer wd ujidrst`ji tg`t ejny wd

eursdnvds ljew pdrfdhtny eur ewj ojtdrdsts `ji tgd w`ys `ji

md`js ef id`nojb wotg tgdm* Ygd supdr-bevdrjmdjt ef tgd

Ndb`toej Pu`rtdr oj Sdlojb sgeuni jet ad rdpn`hdi ay ` supdr-

bevdrjmdjt ef Aereioj oj G`jlew*

@ftdr eur ewj noadr`toej wd eubgt te gdnp noadr`td tgd etgdr

epprdssdi `ji wd`l r`hds. fer wd hgdrosg tgd gepd `ji bnery ef

fobgtojb tgd a`ttnd ef gum`joty* @s tgd rdvenutoej oj Hgoj` os

p`rt ef tgd werni mevdmdjt wd sgeuni g`stdj tgd hempndtoej

ef ot* Ygdj wd sgeuni. ojidpdjidjtny `ji venujt`rony. keojoj

tgd werni rdvenutoej `ji jet ad ir`bbdi ojte ot*

Foj`nny. wd must ndssdj tgd suffdrojbs ef eur pdepnd iurojb

tgd tr`jsotoej pdroei `ji. `s seej `s eur monot`ry suhhdss os hem-

pndtd. wd must st`rt tgd werl ef rdhejstruhtoej se tg`t sehodty

sg`nn g`vd ìdqu`td f`honotods fer idvdnepmdjt* Aut tgd Hem-

mujosts try te idstrey dvdry seho`n eridr `ji usurp tgd penotoh`n

pewdr tgreubg mea voendjhd. jet heujtojb suhg ` hest `s

8?3.333.333 novds fer tgd purpesd ef hrd`tojb ` st`td ef 03.333.-

333 Hemmujosts te ad tgd teen ef ` spdho`n ferdobj erb`joz`toej

Ot os trud tg`t Ir* Xuj hejsdjtdi te ìmot tgd Hemmujosts

ojte tgd Luemojt`jb `s ojiovoiu`ns. aut jet `s ` ujot* Xe.

spd`lojb ef ot `s tgd `nno`jhd ef tgd twe p`rtods os ` mosojtdr-



@ JDR ID@N FEQ HGOJ@ 040

prdt`toej ef tgd f`hts ay tgd Hemmujosts* Oj gos hejsdjt. Ir*

Xuj gì twe ojtdjtoejs< forst te prdvdjt tgdm frem pr`htosojb

tgd Hemmujost oid`ns oj Hgoj` `ji te hejvdrt tgdm ojtdnndhtu`nny

te ` adnodf oj tgd X`j-moj projhopnds. `ji sdheji. te `fferi tgdm

`j eppertujoty te p`rtohop`td oj tgd j`toej`nost rdvenutoej* Aut

tgos w`s jet iejd se tg`t tgdy mobgt usurp tgd p`rty pewdr `ji

ioht`td tgd p`rty penohy. iosrdb`riojb tgd X`j-woj projhopnds*

Ir* Xuj"s penohy ef heepdr`toej wotg Qusso` w`s mìd pes-

soand ejny ay tgd Xevodt"s dqu`n trd`tmdjt ef eur pdepnd* Ot

w`s jet te ojvotd Hemrìd Aereioj purpesdny te gojidr eur

rdvenutoej`ry prebrdss* Ygd idtdrmojojb f`hter ef wgdtgdr er

jet tgd penohy ef heepdr`toej wotg Xevodt Qusso` os te ad mòj-

tòjdi ieds jet nod wotg Hgoj`. aut tgd tdst os wgdtgdr er jet

Xevodt Qusso` h`j trd`t us `s dqu`ns* Of Xevodt Qusso` gì jet

hg`jbdi gdr penohy wd heuni g`vd stonn heepdr`tdi wotg gdr* Oj

tgd werni ejny projhopnds ioht`td penohods. penohods jdvdr ioht`td

projhopnds*

Ygd ojsoioeus ojtrobuds ef tgd Hemmujost S`rty. wgdrday

tgdy try te idstrey tgd rdvenutoej`ry `rmy. tgd Luemojt`jb `ji

tgd j`toej. g`vd addj dxpesdi* @t tgd vdry eutsdt tgdy frùiu-

ndjtny pn`hdi tgdor mdmadrs oj dvdry herjdr ef eur p`rty `ji

tgdj bet hejtren ef tgd se-h`nndi Rug`j hdjtr`n dxdhutovd hem-

mottdd. wgohg djàndi tgdm te idhdovd `ji tgrd`tdj eur Lue-

mojt`jb hemrìds `ji tgd puanoh* Eur Hdjtr`n Luemojt`jb

hdjser hemmottdd heuni jet djiurd tgdor iemoj`toej `ji

tyr`jjy. wgohg w`s ndìojb tew`ri tgd dji ef eur p`rty. `ji

rdsenutdny dxpesdi tgd onndb`n `ji tròtereus `htoejs ef tgd se-

h`nndi Rug`j hdjtr`n dxdhutovd hemmottdd. `ji `t tgd s`md

tomd urbdi eur J`toej`nost Bevdrjmdjt hemmottddmdj te `ssumd

effohd `t J`jlojb `ji wotg J`jlojb `s tgd h`pot`n*

Gosteroh`nny. J`jlojb w`s tgd h`pot`n* Ot gì f`nndj ejhd

`ji w`s n`tdr rddstànosgdi `s suhg ay tgd strubbnd ef eur pdepnd

fer ojidpdjidjhd `ji noadrty*

Ygesd wge `rd `t tgd gdnm aetg ef tgd S`rty `ji ef tgd

Xt`td `rd mestny mdj ef dxpdrodjhd `ji ef tgd gobgdst vortud.

wge ìveh`tdi tgd rdvenutoej fer yd`rs `ji g`vd addj rdspdhtdi

`s ojtdnndhtu`n poejddrs ay tgd wgend heujtry*

@s tgd p`rty pewdr g`s jew addj rdsterdi O sg`nn ndì fòtg-




funny `nn eur rdvenutoej`ry `rmods jertgw`ri* O t`ld tgd e`tg te

suppert tgd Luemojt`jb te tgd n`st `ji eady ots hemm`jis. te

`hhempnosg

tgd rdvenutoej`ry werl. te dnomoj`td tgd suffdrojbs

ef tgd pdepnd `ji te premetd tgd wdnf`rd ef tgd heujtry* O trust

tg`t `nn eur pdepnd. ujwonnojb te sdd Hgoj` adojb ruojdi ay tgd

monot`rosts er ay tgd Hemmujosts. wonn hemd `ji bovd us tgdor

uj`jomeus `ji funn suppert*

Ygd mevdmdjt te Xuppert tgd S`rty `ji te X`vd Hgoj`

os `t prdsdjt `t ots gdobgt wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb. `ji tgos prevds

tgd rd`noty ef tgd Luemojt`jb `ji tgd strejb wonn ef ots mdmadrs*

Jew O h`nn upej tgd pdepnd te keoj us oj tgd strubbnd fer tgd

s`md hùsd wotgeut tgd snobgtdst gdsot`toej*

Ejhd merd O must ojferm tgd wgend j`toej tg`t. hejsoidrojb

tgd prdsdjt ojtdrj`toej`n sotu`toej `ji eur hg`jbojb ojtdrj`n

hejiotoejs. dvdry hn`ss oj Hgoj` must `w`ld ommdio`tdny `ji

erb`jozd tgereubgny fer pesotovd rdìkustmdjts* Fer yd`rs. fer-

dobjdrs g`vd adnodvdi tg`t Hgojdsd. nold s`ji. n`hl tgd h`p`hoty

fer erb`joz`toej* Ye s`vd tgd j`toej os ` gobg `ji vot`n mossoej

`ji se wd must erb`jozd eursdnvds `htovdny `ji systdm`toh`nny*

_eu. pd`s`jts `ji nàerdrs. must jet ad idhdovdi ay tgd

Hemmujosts. aut must erb`jozd yeursdnvds te `ssost oj tgd rdve-

nutoej`ry werl* Oj `hheri`jhd wotg Ir* Xuj"s prebr`m ef dhe-

jemoh survov`n yeu m`y pn`j fer yeur ewj pdrm`jdjt wdnf`rd*

_eu. mdrhg`jts. sgeuni ie tgd s`md wotg `nn yeur pewdr `ji

rdseurhds. fer yeu must jet ad se sgert-sobgtdi `s te rdb`ri tgd

prdsdjt `s of ot wdrd tgd p`st. tg`t yeu jddi jet aetgdr wotg tgd

hejiotoej ef tgd bevdrjmdjt `ji sehodty `ji tg`t yeu h`j ie

ausojdss adgoji hnesdi ieers `ji iosrdb`ri hejiotoejs* _eu

sgeuni jet tgojl tg`t tgd werldrs" g`risgops jddi jet ad yeur

hejhdrj* Of tgd hejiotoejs ef nàer ad jet omprevdi. gew h`j

pd`hd ad nejb prdsdrvdi5 Snd`sd `ssost tgdm venujt`rony te adttdr

tgdor novojb hejiotoejs*

_eu. tgd se-h`nndi ojtdnndhtu`n hn`ss. sgeuni bovd up yeur

d`sy-hgòr nofd* Snd`sd buoid tgd tgeubgt ef yeutg `nejb tgd

prepdr nojds. premetd m`ss diuh`toej `ji `ppny yeur spdho`n

ljewndibd `ji tdhgjoh`n slonn oj tgd hejstruhtovd werl*

Oj eridr te bdt roi ef psyhgeneboh`n wd`ljdss. p`ssovdjdss `ji

terpoioty `nn must hemaojd tebdtgdr `ji werl fer tgd rdvenutoej*




Erb`joz`toej os yeur strdjbtg. werl os yeur s`nv`toej* Rotg

yeur sporot `ji djdrby tgd rdvenutoej oj Hgoj` wonn ad hrewjdi

wotg brd`t suhhdss*

Ygd Hgojdsd pdepnd sgeuni jet hejsoidr tgd spnot adtwddj tgd

Hemmujosts `ji tgd Luemojt`jb mdrdny `s ` preandm wotgoj tgd

p`rty* Ot os ` vot`n preandm wgohg hejhdrjs `nn ef us*

@ frodji ef mojd. sohldjdi wotg tgd trdji ef hurrdjt `ffòrs.

sòi tg`t ot w`s stonn tee d`rny te st`rt tgd mevdmdjt ef eppesojb

tgd Hemmujost rdobj ef tdrrer< jet adhùsd tgd Hemmujost hromds

g`vd jet addj dxpesdi. aut adhùsd eur pdepnd `rd jet ydt funny

hejshoeus ef tgdor suffdrojbs* Os tg`t rd`nny se5 O adnodvd jet*

Oj Guj`j `ji Gupdg tgd Hemmujosts g`vd ejny kust adbuj tgd

epdr`toej ef tgdor penohy `ji ydt dvdry ejd fddns tg`t nofd os uj-

djiurànd* Oj G`jbhgew `ji Xg`jbgò tgdy g`vd ejny kust

mìd ` st`rt `ji ydt `nn `rd oj tdrrer* Oj Lw`jtujb. Fulodj `ji

dnsdwgdrd. tgd pd`s`jts `ji nàerdrs g`vd dxprdssdi tgdor brodv-

`jhds oj jumdreus ndttdrs `ji tdndbr`ms* Rd must jet wòt

ujton tgd sweri os pn`hdi evdr eur jdhls adferd wd hry eut*

Adsoids. tgd prdsdjt ojtdrj`toej`n sotu`toej os jet suhg tg`t

ot h`j pdrmot Hgoj` te ad tgd dxpdromdjt`n fodni fer Hemmujosm

wotgeut tgd i`jbdr ef suffdrojb br`vd hejsdqudjhds* Etgdr

pdepnd ie jet h`rd wgdtgdr er jet tgd novds `ji wdnf`rd ef eur

pdepnd `rd `t st`ld. aut wd ie* My adnevdi fdnnew heujtrymdj.

jew os tgd tomd te w`ld up*

Xuppesd tg`t O sgeuni ndt yeu ad epprdssdi hejtojueusny ay

tgd monot`rosts. dxpneotdi ay tgd ompdro`nosts `ji iospesdi ef

ujidr tgd rdobj ef tdrrer ef tgd Hemmujosts. ot weuni md`j tg`t

O gì idsdrtdi my s`hrdi iuty `s ` rdvenutoej`ry seniodr `ji

gì adhemd tgd `rhg hromoj`n ef tgd `bd*

Of. gewdvdr. tgd Luemojt`jb hemrìds `ji seniodrs s`hrofohd

tgdmsdnvds fer tgd j`toej`n hùsd `ji stonn yeu rdjidr us je òi.

yeu jet ejny fòn te ioshg`rbd yeur iuty ef hotozdjsgop aut yeu`nse `ht `bòjst yeur ewj hejshodjhd*

Ye bu`r`jtdd eur frdd `ji prepdr idvdnepmdjt. wd g`vd eur

`rmy. te ndì yeu te erb`jozd `ji te `ssurd yeu s`tosf`htery hej-

iotoejs fer d`rjojb ` novojb. wd g`vd eur p`rty ef X`j-moj proj-

hopnds. `ji wotg rdb`ri te yeur untom`td `w`ldjojb `ji d`rjdst

p`rtohop`toej oj tgd j`toej`n `ffòrs. tg`t os djtordny up te yeu*




Ygd Hemmujost S`rty g`s addj sprdìojb àreì `nn serts ef

rumers suhg `s epprdssoej ef tgd teonojbm`ssds ay Luemoj-

t`jb. `ji Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. tgd jdw monot`rost. Ygdsd `rd

iud te my eppesotoej te ots gerroand penohods*_eu must jet ad

idhdovdi `ji wd sgeuni ojvdstob`td tgd rumers oj idtòn* Ygd

tdmper`ry survdonn`jhd ef tgd Hemmujosts w`s eridrdi adhùsd

tgdy wdrd g`mpdrojb monot`ry epdr`toejs. tgos f`ht adojb dxpesdi

ay tgd Luemojt`jb hdjtr`n hdjser hemmottdd* Fer tgd s`fdty

ef eur seniodrs `ji ef tgd pdepnd ot w`s ompdr`tovd tg`t tgdor

`htovotods sgeuni ad semdwg`t rdstrohtdi iurojb tgd tomd ef w`r*

Ygos os ` monot`ry jdhdssoty* Rd idtòj tgdm ejny ujton monot`ry

epdr`toejs `rd hempndtdi. aut wd g`vd je wosg te dji`jbdr tgdor

novds* Ygos b`vd rosd te tgd se-h`nndi S`rty Omprosejmdjt*

Rotg rdb`ri te rderb`jozojb tgd pd`s`jt `ji nàer ujoejs hej-

trenndi ay tgd Hemmujosts. tgos os a`sdi ej tgd s`md oid`. `ji

`t tgd s`md tomd wd sgeuni bovd tgd rd`n pd`s`jts `ji nàerdrs

tgd eppertujoty fer frdd erb`joz`toej*

Rd ios`rmdi tgd Xg`jbgò Nàer Tjoej Herps adhùsd ot

`tt`hldi eur `rmy wotg rofnds `ji m`hgojd bujs* Ej @pron 08.

0?12. tgd Nàer Herps surreujidi `ji `tt`hldi tgd gdìqu`rtdrs

ef tgd 1ji Iovosoej ef tgd 16tg @rmy aut tgdy wdrd rdpunsdi. `ji

`s ` rdsunt wd h`pturdi ?3 h`ptovds. ef wgohg 93 wdrd prevdi te

ad seniodrs ef Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb ujidr tgd eridrs ef tgd Hem-

mujost S`rty* Ygos prevds tg`t tgd Hemmujosts wonn ie `jy-

tgojb pessoand te ruoj tgd hùsd ef tgd rdvenutoej. dvdj tgeubg

tgdy hejspord wotg tgd jertgdrj monot`rosts*

Ot w`s frem iehumdjts ef `nn serts ioshevdrdi oj sd`rhgojb

tgd Xg`jbgò Nàer Tjoej tg`t wd `shdrtòjdi tgdor sdhrdt `ji

i`jbdreus pnets* Ygd t`nl ef epprdssoej ef tgd teonojb m`ssds ay

tgd Luemojt`jb os djtordny f`nsd* Of tg`t os trud ef us wd `rd

wonnojb te ad adgdìdi* Ot os ` f`ht tg`t tgd Luemojt`jb"s ep-

pesotoej te Hemmujosm os jet eppesotoej te pd`s`jts `ji nàer-

drs* Jew os tgd adst eppertujoty fer tgd rd`nteonojb m`ssds te

`rosd `ji erb`jozd* Fer yeur ewj ojtdrdsts yeur erb`joz`toej

must jet ad jdbndhtdi* Of yeu ie jet erb`jozd yeursdnvds etgdrs

wonn ie ot ay `ssumojb f`nsdny yeur j`md* Frdd frem tgd Hem-

mujost S`rty"s mejepenozdi hejtren `nn ef yeu g`vd tgd epper-

tujoty ef m`lojb yeur ewj erb`joz`toejs* Rotgoj tgd kurosioh-




toej ef eur J`toej`nost Bevdrjmdjt tgd dmdrbdjhy md`surds

t`ldj `bòjst tgd Hemmujost S`rty weuni ie yeu. tgd rd`n pd`-

s`jts `ji nàerdrs. je g`rm*

@s te tgdor m`nohoeus hg`rbd `bòjst md `s ` ""jdw monot`rost

ot os quotd roiohuneus* Os tgdrd ` monot`rost `jywgdrd oj tgd

werni wge fobgts fer projhopnds5 Rg`t tgd monot`rosts w`jt os

tdrrotero`n `hquosotoej* Rgdrdvdr eur `rmy g`s rd`hgdi. tgd

pdepnd g`vd gì tgdor ewj sdnf-bevdrjmdjt* Rg`t tgd monot`rosts

idsord os wd`ntg* O g`vd feubgt idvetdiny fer yd`rs `ji ef my

pdrsej`n wd`ntg tgdrd os jetgojb s`vdi* Rg`t tgd monot`rosts

h`rd fer os tgdor ewj sloj `ji wg`t tgdy sp`rd os tgdor seniodrs"

novds* Frem tgd tomd wgdj O pdrsej`nny ujidrteel tgd jertgdrj

dxpdiotoej O ndi tgd `rmy `t tgd frejt `ji teel je tgeubgt ef

pdrsej`n i`jbdr*

Ygd Hgojdsd monot`rosts bdt tgdor m`tdro`n `ji foj`jho`n sup-

pert frem tgd ompdro`nostoh pewdrs. wgond O ie jet* Ygd idvetdi

fobgtojb ef eur mdj evdr tgeus`jis ef monds ef tdrrotery g`s addj

` s`hrofohd fer projhopnd. aut jet ` s`hrofohd fer md pdrsej`nny* Oj

suhg ` w`y g`vd O djheur`bdi my effohdrs `ji mdj< oj suhg

` w`y g`vd tgdy stomun`tdi md* Xe tgd idf`m`toej m`nobjs jet

ejny md aut `nse tgd 83.333 gdreoh idì ef eur `rmy* Of O `m

buonty ef `jy moshejiuht O `m rdìy te suamot mysdnf fer tro`n

`ji sdvdrd pujosgmdjt ay eur Luemojt`jb `ji ay eur pdepnd*

O nd`vd tgd kuibmdjt ef my hg`r`htdr te tgd futurd*

Ygd Luemojt`jb os ` rdspejsoand penotoh`n p`rty `ji wd h`j-

jet `nnew tgd Hemmujosts te wrdhl ot* Rd adnodvd sojhdrdny tg`t

Hgoj` eubgt te ad rundi ay S`rty Bevdrjmdjt* Ygd bevdrj-

mdjt`n systdm sgeuni jet ad suakdhtdi te suhg r`poi hg`jbds ef

penotoh`n tgeubgts* Oj eridr te `hgodvd ` beei rdsunt penotoh`nny

tgdrd must ad ` hn`ss ef wosd `ji uprobgt mdj wotg idfojotd ì-

mojostr`tovd àonoty. wge wonn upgeni ` seuji `ji suotànd proj-

hopnd* Ygd rdprdsdjt`tovd ferm ef bevdrjmdjt g`s addj trodi oj

Hgoj` `ji g`s fòndi adhùsd eur pdepnd n`hldi penotoh`n hej-

shoeusjdss. `ji tgdrd os je usd te try ot `bòj*

Rd prepesd te rund Hgoj` tgreubg tgd S`rty `ji tgdj wd

sg`nn g`vd tgd systdm ef hgdhl `ji a`n`jhd oj tgd bevdrjmdjt ay

tgd S`rty `ji tgd pdepnd* Adojb suotdi te Hgojdsd hejiotoejs.

tgd X`j-moj projhopnds ef tgd p`rty hejstotutd tgd ejny hg`jjdn




ef j`toej`n s`nv`toej* Ygdy `rd ujot`ry `ji erb`joh `ji sgeuni

ad put ojte epdr`toej somunt`jdeusny* Ompertdi tgderods h`jjet

ad hemp`rdi wotg tgdm* Merdevdr. tgdy `rd f`veràny `hhdptdi

ay tgd f`r-sobgtdi penotoh`n tgojldrs*

@t prdsdjt tgd Luemojt`jb os Hgoj`"s ejny penotoh`n S`rty*

Ot w`s erb`jozdi nejb adferd tgd aortg ef tgd Qdpuanoh ef Hgoj`.

Ot g`s 0.333.333 mdmadrs. ànd. idtdrmojdi. `ji hemp`r`tovdny

wdnn tròjdi* Of g`s tgd gdreoh ndìdr. Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj. wge

ndi tgd pdepnd oj tgd J`toej`nost hùsd fer yd`rs*

Ye rund Hgoj` tgreubg tgd S`rty ieds jet md`j tg`t `nn

bevdrjmdjt`n `ffòrs must ad g`jindi ay tgd Luemojt`jb. aut

ejny tg`t tgdy must ad g`jindi oj `hheri`jhd wotg ots projhopnds.

penohods `jiioshopnojd*

Rd `rd jet nold tgd Hemmujosts wge

`rd sdnfosg `ji j`rrew-mojidi* Rd idsord te heepdr`td `nse

wotg tgesd wge `rd jet Luemojt`jb mdmadrs* Adsoids. Lue-

mojt`jbos `

puanoh penotoh`n S`rty.ìmossoej ojte wgohg os `t

`nn tomds frdd* Ygesd wge t`ld ojtdrdst oj j`toej`n p`rty `ffòrs.

wotg tgd dxhdptoej ef tgd eppertujosts. wonn ad wdnhemdi dvdry-

wgdrd* Rotg tgd rdmev`n ef tgd Hemmujosts. tgd Luemojt`jb"s

trud f`hd os hnd`r te dvdryejd* Hemd `ji keoj us `ji ferm `

ujotdi a`ttnd frejt*

Ejny tgrdd p`tgs `rd jew epdj fer tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd* Ejd

os te rdturj te tgd rund ef monot`rosm `s tgd teen ef ferdobj om-

pdro`nostoh pewdrs `ji te fobgt yd`r `ftdr yd`r fer sdnfosg djis*

Ygd etgdr os te fennew tgd feetstdps ef tgd Hemmujosts ujidr

tgd iordhtoej ef ` spdho`n ferdobj erb`joz`toej wotg tgd eakdht ef

hrd`tojb ` rdobj ef Qdi tdrrer `ji wgends`nd idstruhtoej. wotg-

eut hejsoidr`toej ef horhumst`jhds*

@jetgdr w`y os te fennew tgd X`j-woj projhopnds wgdrday tgd

pdepnd noadr`td tgdmsdnvds tgreubg idnoadr`td prehdss efpenotohs.

sdnf-idtdrmoj`toej `ji sdnf-suppert* Of tgd pdepnd `rd jet wonnojb

te suakdht Hgoj` te monot`ry rund. `j ompdro`nostoh rdbomd er tgd

rdobj ef Qdi tdrrer. ndt tgdm jew keoj tgd Luemojt`jb oj

eridr te `hhempnosg tgd J`toej`nost Qdvenutoej. te dm`jhop`td tgd

Hgojdsd pdepnd `ji te p`rtohop`td oj tgd werni rdvenutoej*



HGO@JB L@O-XGDL"X QDYTQJ

F YGD stdìy strd`m ef mdj wotg mossoejs urbojb Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl

0Zte rdturj te gos pesotoej `s Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodf ef tgd Luemoj-

t`jb strubbnd rdsuntdi oj gos rdturj te tgd rdvenutoej wotg dj-

g`jhdi prdstobd* Ygd eppesotoej fìdi `ji tgd Bdjdr`n rd`ssumdi

hempndtd hejtren `t J`jlojb oj tgd f`nn ef 0?12* Gd pusgdi gos pn`j

fer t`lojb tgd `jhodjt h`pot`n `t Sdlojb. `veoiojb treuand `s f`r `s

pessoand wotg K`p`j aut beojb ferw`ri tgreubg Xg`jtujb Srevojhd.

`s wdnn `s vo` tgd Loj-g`j

Qònw`y

te tgd wdst*

Gd pùsdi d`rny tg`t wojtdr fer ` teuhg ef rem`jhd wgdj gd m`r-

rodi Moss Mdo-nojb Xeejb* Xgd w`s diuh`tdi oj ` rdnoboeus shgeen oj

tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji os ` idvetdi mdmadr ef tgd eni Mdtgeiost

Dposhep`n Hgurhg 'Xeutg/* Xgd os ` sostdr ef Mmd* Xuj _`t-sdj `ji

ef Mmd* G* G* Lujb. wofd ef tgd Foj`jhd Mojostdr ef Hgoj`* Gdr

aretgdr os Y* V* Xeejb. ` G`rv`ri brìu`td `ji gomsdnf nejb Foj`jhd

Mojostdr oj tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb oj d`rnodr yd`rs*

Ygos aneh ferms wg`t os ljewj oj Hgoj` `s tgd

Xeejb Iyj`sty.`j

ujusu`nny ojfnudjto`n f`mony breup oj tgd F`r D`st* Ygd m`rro`bd teel

pn`hd oj Xg`jbgò ej Idhdmadr 0. 0?12*

Ygd Hgrosto`j hdrdmejy w`s gdni `t tgd Xeejb rdsoidjhd oj tgd

Frdjhg Hejhdssoej. aut oj idfdrdjhd te Hgojdsd hustem. ` j`tovd hdrd-

mejy teel pn`hd oj tgd erj`td a`nnreem ef tgd eni M`kdstoh Getdn*

Ygd Bdjdr`n gomsdnf g`s rdhdjtny dmar`hdi Hgrosto`joty tgreubg tgd

Mdtgeiost Dposhep`n Hgurhg `ji g`s nd`rjdi quotd ` aot ef tgd Djbnosg

n`jbu`bd* Ygd M`kdstoh Getdng`s

addjterj

iewj. aut tg`t m`rro`bdhdrdmejy os ejd wgohg O rdh`nn `s ` wdnhemd rem`jtoh ojtdrnuid oj

Hgoj`"s w`rs*

D`rny oj 0?17 Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb rdturjdi te gos tg`jlndss t`sl ef

ndìojb Hgoj`* Gd ossudi ` sg`rp mdss`bd te tgd Ygori J`toej`n

Hejbrdss. pndìojb fer penotoh`n ujoty wotgoj tgd rdvenutoej* Gd dx-

prdssdi gos adnodf tg`t ` S`rty Ioht`tersgop os tgd adst ferm ef bevdrj-

042




mdjt fer tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds ujidr prdsdjt hejiotoejs `ji stdrjny

rdauldi yeujbdr. merd rìoh`n mdmadrs ef tgd Sdepnd"s S`rty wge.

gd fd`rdi. mobgt hùsd ` jdw spnotoj tgd J`jlojb J`toej`n Bevdrj-

mdjt*

Eur Bevdrjmdjt os jet nold tgd penotoh`n erb`joz`toej ef `jy etgdr

heujtry oj tgd werni%" Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl"s mdss`bd sòi* @ penotoh`n

idfd`t suffdrdi ay tgd Bevdrjmdjt ef `jy etgdr heujtry ieds jet md`j

`s muhg `s ot weuni te tgd Luemojt`jb ef Hgoj`* Of eur S`rty fòndi

te h`rry eut ots prebr`m tgd wgend hejtojdjt weuni `bòj ad pnujbdi

ojte ` st`td ef penotoh`n hgès `ji ujhdrtòjty* R`r mobgt `bòj rd-

sunt* Ygos must jet ehhur* Ygd feuji`toejs ef ` jdw idvdnepmdjt.

penotoh`nny`ji dvdry etgdr w`y. g`vd addj nòi* Ot tgdrdferd jew ad-

hemds tgd projhop`n eakdht ef tgd Ygori J`toej`n Hejbrdss te idvosd

md`js wgdrday tgd penotoh`n erb`joz`toej ef eur S`rty m`y ad pn`hdi

ej `j dvdj formdr feuji`toej*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb rdh`nndi tg`t fer twe yd`rs `ji merd tgd hgodf

t`sls adferd tgd Qdvenutoej`ry S`rty gì addj tgd suhhdssfun hejhnu-

soej ef tgd dxpdiotoej `bòjst tgd Jertg `ji tgd supprdssoej ef a`jio-

try `ji Hemmujostoh uprosojbs* Gd sòi tg`t tgd forst ef tgdsd t`sls

gì addj `hhempnosgdi `ji tg`t prebrdss w`s adojb mìd ej tgd sdh-

eji* Ygd Qdis wdrd dvohtdi oj Idhdmadr. 0?12. `ji wgond rìoh`n

uprosojbs stonn hejtojudi tgdy wdrd jet `s ompert`jt `s oj tgd treuandi

p`st*

Ygd pdroei ef penotoh`n tutdn`bd jew g`s adbuj. tgd Bdjdr`n id-

hn`rdi. Rd g`vd erb`jozdi ` jdw J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt* Rd h`j-

jet turj A`hl jer h`j wd sdd eur nàers be fer jùbgt* Rd must

g`vd ujoty `ji tgd suppert ef tgd Luemojt`jb%"

@aeut tgd m`jofdst`toejs ay yeujbdr mdmadrs oj tgd S`rty ef

tgdor p`tdjt idsord te `ssumd ndìdrsgop. tgd Bdjdr`n adh`md hùstoh*

Ygd yeujbdr mdmadrs%" gd sòi. sgeuni ad s`tosfodi wotg `htovotods

ef ` suaerioj`td j`turd* Ygdy sgeuni wòt ujton tgdy g`vd `hquordi

merd dxpdrodjhd `ji g`vd adhemd adttdr tròjdi oj S`rty `ffòrs* Ot

os idpnerànd te gd`r tg`t sm`nn hnoquds g`vd addj fermdi wotgoj eur

S`rty* Xuhg pdrsej`n erb`joz`toejs `rd aut teens ef ndssdr ndìdrs

wge `rd ujiuny `maotoeus*

@ strejb tdjidjhy tew`ri meidr`toej oj rdb`ri te nàer preandms

gì nejb addj jetohdànd oj Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl"s `ttotuid te-

w`ri werldrs `ji f`jjdrs* Ygos `ttotuid w`s ejd ef tgd rd`sejs fer



HGO@JB L@O-XGDL"X QDYTQJ 04?

gos epdj ard`l wotg tgd Xevodt @ivoser`td ujidr Mol`n Aereioj* Oj

gos mdss`bd ej Bevdrjmdjt penohy Hgo`jb h`md eut oj eppesotoej te

hn`ss w`rf`rd. `ssdrtojb tg`t wgond tgd Bevdrjmdjt w`s idsoreus ef

òiojb tgd f`rmdrs `ji werldrs ot weuni jet `nnew tgdor uprosojbs

`bòjst dmpneydrs*

Ygd òm ef tgd Luemojt`jb. gos mdss`bd dxpnòjdi. os te oj-

hrd`sd tgd m`tdro`n hemfert `ji prespdroty ef tgd pd`s`jts `ji

werldrs ef eur heujtry* Jet ejny must wd pretdht tgdor ojtdrdsts aut

wd must `nse iordht `ji buoid tgdm oj tgdor `htovotods se tg`t tgdy m`y

jet f`nn vohtoms te tgd sojostdr shgdmds ef tgd Hemmujosts* Rd wosg

tgdor ìv`jhdmdjt te ad ef ` pdrm`jdjt j`turd< `ji fer tgos vdry

rd`sej wd dxdrhosd fer tgd memdjt tgdor penotoh`n pewdr fer tgdm*

Ygd Luemojt`jb"s penohy.oj tgdery `t nd`st. os tg`t tgd prdsdjt

pdroei ef wg`t os tdrmdi penotoh`n tutdn`bd os te dji wgdj tgd pdepnd

ef Hgoj` g`vd addj diuh`tdi up te tgd provondbds `ji iutods ef hotozdj-

sgop oj ` idmehr`hy* Oj tgd md`jtomd. '`ji ferdvdr. tgd sg`rp-

tejbudi hrotohs ef tgd S`rty ioht`tersgop `vdr/. tgd Luemojt`jb

ndìdrs ojtdji te lddp hejtren ef tgd heujtry `s nejb `s tgdy pessoany

h`j* Hgo`jb rdfdrrdi te tgd f`ht tg`t d`rnodr oj tgd rdvenutoej tgd

Luemojt`jb djheur`bdi tgd werldrs `ji pd`s`jts oj tgdor eppesotoej

`bòjst tgd epprdssoej ef tgdor dmpneydrs `ji n`jineris*

Aut. gd hejtojudi. tomds g`vd hg`jbdi* @ntgeubg wd g`vd id-

hn`rdi `bòjst epprdssoej ef werldrs `ji pd`s`jts. wd must `t tgd

s`md tomd sdd te ot tg`t tgd werldrs `ji pd`s`jts tgdmsdnvds ie jet

adhemd tgd epprdssers tg`t tgdy ie jet t`ld ìv`jt`bd ef tgdor dm-

pneydrs `ji n`jineris `s tgdy `rd ojhnojdi te ie `t prdsdjt* Ot must

ad mìd hnd`r te tgd nàerdrs `ji f`rmdrs tg`t `jy ness sustòjdi ay

tgdor dmpneydrs `ji n`jineris md`js ness te tgdmsdnvds* Ygd Bevdrj-

mdjt h`jjet ioshromoj`td `bòjst ejd hn`ss oj f`ver ef `jy etgdr hn`ss.

er hn`ssds*

Ygd Hemmujosts prd`hg hn`ss w`rf`rd* Rd ie jet*

Fdjb _u-gso`jb. tgd Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n. fdnt etgdrwosd* Gd w`stgd hg`mpoej ef @so`"s ferbettdj m`j. `ji rdmòjdi hejvojhdi tg`t

bevdrjmdjt `jy bevdrjmdjt fer tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds sgeuni a`sd

ots tgdsos ef pr`htoh`n penotoh`n dhejemy ej ommdio`td òi fer tgd

f`rmdr `ji heenod. er nàerdr. hn`ssds oj sehodty*

Gos net oj n`ttdr yd`rs g`s addj tgd sì ejd ef ` m`j prefdssojb

sdjtomdjts `htu`tdi pessoany ay sojhdrd metovds aut tgw`rtdi ej dvdry




g`ji ay hejiotoejs adyeji gos hejtren* Fdjb rdmòjs tgd vohtom ef `

h`prohoeus f`td. ` ird`mdr ujànd te put gos vosoejs fer tgd wdnf`rd ef

gum`joty ojte pr`htohd* Ejd rdsunt g`s addj tgd idvdnepmdjt oj gom

ef ` hr`fty j`turd wgohg gd usds `s ` sert ef idfdjsd mdhg`josm

`bòjst tgd idfd`t ef gos òms. oid`ns `ji `maotoejs fer `j dm`jhop`tdi

Hgoj`<wotgeut tgos. gd fd`rs eanovoej `s ` ndìdr. fònurd oj gos mossoej

te sprdì nobgt evdr @so`* Gdjhd gos mdtgeis g`vd adhemd ojdx-

pnohànd. oj n`rbd md`surd*

Fdw rd`nny ljew tgd m`j wge os Fdjb* Gos hrotohs `rd ndboej `ji

gos idvoeus `htoejs rdmòj eashurd* Gd dmar`hds wg`tdvdr hemds te

g`ji. prevoidi ot wonn òi gom tew`ri gos be`n tgd adttdrmdjt ef `nn

Hgojdsd pdepnds* Fdjb tgus os ljewj pepun`rny `s ` tròter. ` ieuand-

hressdr. adhùsd. te gom. tgd dji fer se nejb g`s gì tekustofy

tgd

md`js*

@ntgeubg pdrsej`nny àsdjt frem tgd Ygori J`toej`n Hejbrdss

h`nndi ay Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl oj J`jlojb oj M`rhg. 0?17. M`r-

sg`n Fdjb ojstruhtdi gos idndb`tds te suppert tgd J`toej`n Bevdrj-

mdjt"s penohods dj aneh. oj Hgo`jb"s str`tdby fer tgd r`poi `ji suhhdss-

fun m`rhg ej Sdlojb* Xemd mejtgs n`tdr `ftdr Sdlojb w`s t`ldj `ji

tgd j`md hg`jbdi te Sdopojb. Fdjb teel up tdmper`ry rdsoidjhd `t

J`jlojb. tgd jdw H`pot`n* Gd w`s Mojostdr ef R`r fer ` tomd. `ji

O w`jtdi `jetgdr ojtdrvodw wotg tgos `stutd penotohe-monot`ry m`j

Eur sdheji mddtojb w`s `t J`jlojb. wgdrd gd teni ef gos pgonesepgy

ef gew mdj `ji wemdj `ji tgdor hgonirdj mobgt foji ` ndss g`rsg

dxostdjhd oj tgd Erodjt tg`j tgd ejd tgdy gì*

M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb sòi tg`t gd prdfdrrdi jet te t`nlpenotohs*

Gd w`s. gewdvdr. quotd rdìy te t`nl àeut wg`t gd tgeubgt w`s

wrejb wotg Hgoj` `ji te dxpeuji gos oid`s ef gew tgd Hgojdsd heuni

adst omprevd tgdor st`td* Xe fer jd`rny `j geur O s`t oj tgd rdhdptoej

reem ef gos ferdobj-stynd rdsoidjhd oj ` gespot`n hempeuji oj J`jlojb

`ji wotg ejny ehh`soej`n ojtdrkdhtoejs te tgd ojtdrprdtdr nostdjdi te

M`rsg`n Fdjb"s prebr`m fer tgd dhejemoh rdgàonot`toej ef tgd Hgojdsd

pdepnds*

Ygdrd wdrd sox mdj prdsdjt `t tg`t ojtdrvodw. tgrdd @mdroh`js

`ji tgrdd Hgojdsd* Ef tgd @mdroh`js. twe wdrd herrdspejidjts fer

@mdroh`j p`pdrs `ji tgd etgdr ` ausojdss m`j frem Xg`jbgò wge

w`jtdi te be `nejb `ji mddt tgd m`j wge. m`jy adnodvdi. wodnidi

tgd brd`tdst sojbnd ojfnudjhd oj `nn tgd jdw. sdmo-ujotdi Hgoj`* Ygd



HGO@JB L@O-XGDL"X QDYTQJ 060

Hgojdsd prdsdjt wdrd eur twe ojtdrprdtdrs `ji M`rsg`n Fdjb gomsdnf*

Ygd n`ttdr s`t ej ` wohldr neujbd. gos gubd fr`md sneuhgojb `t d`sd.

heen tg`t get merjojb oj tgd p`k`m`-nold wgotd hestumd ef tgd Hgojdsd.

gos fddt djh`sdi oj ` hruid pòr ef hemmej ojf`jtry aeets* Gd werd

je gesd* Gos bdjo`n reuji f`hd w`s brozzndi. tgd f`tkewns. str`jbdny

pojl oj hempndxoej fer ` Hgojdsd. p`rto`nny goiidj adjd`tg ` stuaany

ad`ri ef sdvdr`n i`ys" brewtg*

Ygd M`rsg`n novdi ` sompnd nofd* Gd stonn adnodvds. ot g`s addj

rdm`rldi. oj Kdffdrsejo`j sompnohoty. `ji gd pr`htosds wg`t gd

prd`hgds oj tg`t rdb`ri* Gd wd`rs tgd ujoferm wgohg gos hemmejdst

seniodrs wd`r* Ay je ojsobjo` m`y ejd ljew gom `s tgd m`j wgesd

pdrsej`n ndìdrsgop auont up `j `rmy tg`t w`s ney`n te gom `ji tg`t

mìd gom preaàny ejd ef tgd mest ompert`jt sojbnd foburds oj Hgoj`*

Ot m`y ad jetdi oj p`ssojb tg`t. adnodvojb tgd ndìdrs ef tgd Lue-

mojt`jb Qdvenutoej sgeuni jet squ`jidr tgd pdepnd"s mejdy. M`rsg`n

Fdjb spejserdi ` penohy ef stroht dhejemy wgdrdvdr gd wdjt oj 0?17*

Oj J`jlojb. wgohg gd vosotdi te `ttdji tgd Foftg Sndj`ry Xdssoej ef tgd

Hdjtr`n Dxdhutovd Hemmottdd ef tgd Luemojt`jb d`rny oj @ubust. tgd

Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n ioshevdrdi tgd penotoho`js ndìojb novds ef d`sd*

Gd feuji tgdm `ji. `s ot `ppd`rdi te gom. dvdryaeiy dnsd b`manojb

`ji bovojb a`jqudts `ji djtdrtòjojb oj ` f`sgoej tg`t. gd idhn`rdi.

w`s tròtereus* Ot w`s ejny ` fdw i`ys n`tdr tg`t tgd Mojostdr fer

tgd Ojtdroer. ` Fdjb `ppeojtdd. ossudi `j eridr pregoaotojb `nn b`m-

anojb `ji idhrddojb tg`t je nejbdr heuni Hgoj`"s trìotoej`n sojb-

sejb borns djtdrtòj `t fd`sts `nejb tgd h`j`ns `ji tojy strd`ms oj `ji

àeut J`jlojb*

Ygd pepun`hd w`s or`td `ji tgd Hg`madr ef Hemmdrhd bet up

pdtotoejs te ferhd ` rdpd`n ef tgd Bevdrjmdjt"s eridr* Ygd eridr. tgdy

sòi. tgrdw `t nd`st 03.333 pdrsejs eut ef werl* Qdstùr`jts n`j-

buosgdi `ji tgd pohturdsqud h`j`n ae`ts n`y oind fer w`jt ef hustemdrs*

Ygdy wonn seej foji werl dnsdwgdrd. sòi M`rsg`n Fdjb* Ygdy

h`j put tgdor g`jis te semdtgojb merd prefotànd te tgd hemmujoty*

Aut tgd borns `ji tgd ae`tmdj sòi. Rd sg`nn aoid eur tomd*

Ygos sonny eridr h`jjet prdvòn* Rgdj tgos m`j beds a`hl ojte gos

gemd heujtry oj Gej`j yeu wonn sdd tg`t tgojbs wonn ad `s adferd* Ot

h`jjet n`st. tgos eridr `bòjst eur trìotoejs*

Ygdy wdrd robgt* Dvdj wgond M`rsg`n Fdjb rdmòjdi oj pewdr

tgdrd w`s ` aot ef sojb-sejb born aeetndbbojb jetohdànd* Gdrd `ji




tgdrd tgd sgronn veohd ef ejd ef tgdsd ienn-nold nottnd djtdrtòjdrs ròsdi

oj tgd soaon`jt. mejetejeus wòn ef tgd Hgojdsd mobgt ad gd`ri ej

semd jobgts `t pn`hds `nejb tgd tojy strd`ms wgdrd tgd penohd. ejd

nd`rjdi. wdrd merd symp`tgdtoh tg`j vobon`jt*

Ot w`s jet d`sy te sdd tgd M`rsg`n* Gewdvdr. tgreubg tgd sdhrd-

t`ry te Ir* G* G* Lujb. Mojostdr ef Foj`jhd. eur `ppeojtmdjt w`s

mìd* Ygd M`rsg`n weuni ad bnì te sdd yeu `t sdvdj e"hnehl te-

merrew merjojb%" Gd gì jet addj fddnojb wdnn. etgdrwosd tgd `p-

peojtmdjt weuni g`vd addj `j geur d`rnodr* M`rsg`n Fdjb"s h`nnojb

geurs wdrd erioj`rony frem 4 te 2 `*m* Gos oid` w`s tg`t oj tgos w`y

gd heuni bdt h`nndrs eut ef tgd w`y `ji tgdj bdt iewj te ` funn i`y"s

ujojtdrruptdi werl*

@rd yeu beojb te `ttdji tgd Luemojt`jb"s Foftg Sndj`ry Xds-

soej5 O `sldi wgdj wd wdrd sd`tdi. td` gì addj sdrvdi ot ojv`ro-

àny os. `ji tg`t i`y. bdttojb `j d`rny st`rt. wd wdrd sdrvdi td` dx-

`htny twdjty-sdvdj tomds `ji tgd usu`n s`nut`toejs p`ssdi*

_ds%" M`rsg`n Fdjb rdpnodi* Je ujjdhdss`ry weris* Kust ` jei

te tgd ojtdrprdtdr `ji tgd Hgojdsd weri fer yds. wgohg seujis nold

soio* Ygd M`rsg`n w`s jet ` rdbun`r mdmadr ef tgd Hdjtr`n Dxdhu-

tovd Hemmottdd aut gd gì addj ojvotdi te sot oj ej tgd mddtojbs tg`t

summdr `ji w`s bovdj `nn pewdrs gdni ay rdbun`r mdmadrs* Gos

prdsdjhd tgdj. `s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht. areubgt hejsoidrànd rdnodf te m`jy*

Rg`t ie yeu tgojl `rd tgd hgodf preandms f`hojb tgd jdw Bevdrj-

mdjt5 semdaeiy `sldi*

Idmeaonoz`toej ef eur gubd `rmods O tgojl hdrtòjny hemds forst.

`t gemd%" M`rsg`n Fdjb sòi* Ygos wonn t`ld semd tomd* Aut `n-

rdìy pn`js `rd ujidr w`y* Foj`n `htoej os up te tgd monot`ry heujhon*

Rg`t ie yeu tgojl ef K`p`j"s `ttotuid oj M`jhguro` `ji wg`t

weuni yeu rdhemmdji tg`t tgd J`toej`nost Bevdrjmdjt ie àeut ot5

w`s my jdxt qudry*

O h`j"t `jswdr tg`t%" M`rsg`n Fdjb sòi* O prdfdr. r`tgdr. jet

te `jswdr tgd qudstoej* O g`vd my ewj oid`s. te ad surd. aut yeumust t`ld tg`t up wotg tgd Ferdobj Effohd* O `m kust ` seniodr `ji

jet suppesdi te t`nl àeut ferdobj iopnem`toh `ffòrs*

Ygdj h`md tgd suakdht wgohg irdw gom ojte `j dxtdjsovd `ji

`jom`tdi ioshussoej ef Hgoj`"s iemdstoh onns `ji gew gd weuni senvd

tgdm* Gos prebr`m `s eutnojdi adnew w`s suamottdi oj ` hemprd-

gdjsovd mdmer`jium pn`hdi adferd tgd Bevdrjmdjt `t ots Foftg Sndj-




`ry Xdssoej. `ji sojhd g`s addj hejsoidrdi ay dxpdrts fer yd`rs oj tgd

v`roeus Mojostrods wgohg ot `ffdhts* M`rsg`n Fdjb"s prebr`m w`s

a`sdi ej diuh`toej `ji dhejemoh rdferm* Gd adnodvdi tg`t Hgoj`"s

onns wdrd iud hgodfny te objer`jhd `ji ots ojdvotànd heerioj`tds. rdvenv-

ojb `reuji ojdqu`noty ef dhejemoh eppertujoty* Arodfny. gd gì feur

m`ker prekdhts;

0* @ Bevdrjmdjt prebr`m ef ommdio`td `htoej wotg jumdreus

pr`htoh`n mevds te òi tgd f`rmdrs ef Hgoj`*

1* Adttdr geusojb f`honotods*

8* Bevdrjmdjt suppert fer ojf`jt ojiustrods*

9* Hejstruhtoej ef `t nd`st 033.333 monds ef rònw`ys `ji ` hem-

pndtd gobgw`y systdm tgreubg Hgoj`*

O `m hejvojhdi. M`rsg`n Fdjb sòi dmpg`toh`nny. tg`t tgd Bev-

drjmdjt sgeuni `pprepro`td `t nd`st )43.333.333 `t ejhd fer f`rm

rdnodf*

F`rm rdnodf os p`rtohun`rny jddidi oj Hdjtr`n `ji Jertgwdst

Hgoj`* Ygd pdepnd ef Lo`jbsu Srevojhd 'oj wgohg Xg`jbgò os ne-

h`tdi/. ewojb te adttdr md`js ef hemmujoh`toej `ji m`rldtojb f`hono-

tods. `rd ommdjsdny wd`ntgy `s hemp`rdi wotg tgd pevdrty-strohldj

pdepnd ef ojtdroer Hgoj`. dspdho`nny Gej`j. Xgdjso `ji L`jsu* Ygdsd

prevojhds hejstotutdi tgd `rd` oj wgohg tgd M`rsg`n gì addj mest oj

hejtren oj rdhdjt yd`rs* Rd must omprevd tgd net ef tgd f`rmdrs

wge ferm tgd a`sos ef eur j`toej* Hgoj` os dssdjto`nny ` f`rmojb

heujtry* Gdjhd. prespdreus f`rmdrs md`j ` g`ppy. prespdreus j`-

toej*

M`rsg`n Fdjb sòi muhg ef tgd mejdy te ad `pprepro`tdi heuni ad

usdi oj orrob`toej prekdhts oj Hdjtr`n `ji Jertgwdst Hgoj` `ji oj

prevoiojb hemmujoh`toejs se tg`t. ejhd ` f`rmdr ròsds gos hrep. gd

h`j sdnn ot `t ` prefot*

Etgdr pg`sds ef f`rm rdnodf wgohg gd teuhgdi ej ojhnuidi tgd

dstànosgmdjt ef shgeens `ji f`rm a`jls wgohg heuni ndji mejdy te

tgd f`jjdrs `t new r`tds ef ojtdrdst te djànd tgdm te meidrjozd tgdor

dquopmdjt* Oj tgd shgeens. gd sòi. gd weuni td`hg meidrj f`rmojb

mdtgeis ì`ptdi te hejiotoejs oj tgd p`rtohun`r iostrohts* Gd urbdi

tgd usd ef iosa`jidi treeps oj orrob`toej `ji rdhn`m`toejprekdhts* Oj

Gej`j Srevojhd. ot os sobjofoh`jt te jetd tg`t M`rsg`n Fdjb oj 0?12-17

ioi muhg oj tgd w`y ef puttojb tgdsd oid`s ojte dffdht* Gd g`s addj

pròsdi fer tgd hejstruhtoej ef reìs `ji geusds oj tg`t prevojhd dvdj




`t ` tomd wgdj gd w`s ausony djb`bdi oj pusgojb tgd jertgdrj h`m-

pòbj tew`ri Sdlojb*

Rd must sdd tg`t eur pdepnd g`vd adttdr geusds te novd oj. M`r-

sg`n Fdjb prehddidi* Ygdrd `rd tdjs ef tgeus`jis ef pdepnd oj tgd

ojtdroer ef Hgoj` oj f`ht. dvdrywgdrd oj eur heujtry wge- g`vd je

pn`hd te novd* Xemd wge g`vd dxost oj tgd md`jdst ef mui gevdns tg`t

mdnt oj `jy loji ef ` ròj sterm* Fer tgos rd`sej. O g`vd subbdstdi

tg`t tgd Bevdrjmdjt `pprepro`td `jetgdr )43.333.333 fer puanoh wdn-

f`rd werl* S`rt ef tgos mejdy heuni ad ` iordht `pprepro`toej. tgd

rdst heuni ad ròsdi tgreubg ` iemdstoh aeji ossud* Oj tgd p`st yd`r

oj Gej`j O g`vd auont 0.733 geusds `ji turjdi tgdm evdr te jddiy

f`monods* Ygos. ef heursd. os g`riny ` st`rt* Aut ot os ` pr`htoh`n dx-

`mpnd ef wg`t O gepd te ie `ji wg`t O tgojl tgd Bevdrjmdjt sgeuni

ie* Rd g`vd addj prd`hgojb tgd adjdfots ef eur rdvenutoej te tgd

iewjtreiidj m`ssds* Ot os. O tgojl. tomd te bovd tgdm semd hejhrdtd

dx`mpnd ef wg`t tgd Xt`td h`j ie te gdnp ots hotozdjs*

Ygdsd geusds ef tgd typd tg`t O g`vd oj moji h`j ad auont wotg

idmeaonozdi treep nàer fer `s new `s )23 te )033 ` geusd* Ygdy `rd

sm`nn. aut tgdy `rd wdnn auont `ji sdrvohdànd* Ygdy `rd ojfojotdny

adttdr tg`j tgd mui `ji m`t gevdns tg`t tgd m`ssds `rd jew ferhdi te

h`nn gemd* O weuni rdjt tgdm eut `t tdj hdjts ej tgd ienn`r ef prdsdjt

rdjt`ns* Of ` f`mony h`jjet `fferi dvdj tg`t. O weuni turj tgd geusd

evdr te tgdm wotgeut hg`rbd ujton suhg tomd `s tgdy heuni adboj te

p`y*

@ji `jetgdr tgojb; tgdsd geusds. tgeus`jis ef tgdm. weuni ad

auont djtordny ef m`tdro`n preiuhdi oj Hgoj`* Ygdy weuni ad "mìd-

oj-Hgoj`4

geusds* Ygus. wd weuni òi `nn hn`ssds* Rd weuni auy

m`tdro`n frem tgd mdrhg`jts. tgd numadrmdj `ji se ej. `ji gord mdj

kust eut ef tgd `rmy te ie tgd werl. tgus. oj p`rt. senvojb eur ujdm-

pneymdjt preandm* @ji tgd fojosgdi preiuht weuni ròsd tgd st`ji`ri

ef novojb ef eur pdepnd*

O rdm`rldi tg`t tgos w`s `j oid`n pn`j aut tg`t ot w`s noldny te

pn`hd ` prdmoum ej n`zojdss* Ygd tgeubgt subbdstdi otsdnf tg`t tgdrd

weuni ad ` n`rbd pdrhdjt`bd ef pdepnd wge weuni ehhupy ` geusd frdd

`ji weuni jdvdr try te d`rj `jy mejdy `soid frem ` fdw heppdrs `

i`y fer feei* Ot mobgt tdji te m`ld tgd Xt`td p`tdrj`n `ji s`p tgd

ojoto`tovd ef tgd pdepnd*

Jet `t `nn. sòi M`rsg`n Fdjb* Ygd Hgojdsd `rd jet n`zy*




Bovdj ` hg`jhd te adttdr tgdmsdnvds. tgdy wonn prebrdss* Ejhd `

f`mony sdds etgdr f`monods w`xojb prespdreus `ji novojb ej ` gobgdr

sh`nd. tgd tejd ef tgd wgend hemmujoty wonn ad ròsdi* Ygdrd m`y

ad ` fdw sn`hldrs aut wd wonn idvosd w`ys te id`n wotg tgdm wgdj tgd

tomd hemds*

Ot seujidi str`jbdny nold tgd `ttdmpts ef Djbnosg henejosts oj Vor-

bojo` te dstànosg ` hemmuj`n vonn`bd wgdrd. gostery rdn`tds. `nn gì

`hhdss te tgd tewj preiuhts `ji d`hg w`s suppesdi te preiuhd semd-

tgojb fer tgd beei ef tgd wgend* Yg`t d`rny `ttdmpt `t ` hemmujostoh

st`td fòndi*

Fdjb ìidi tg`t `t nd`st 033.333 suhg geusds wdrd jddidi oj

Gej`j Srevojhd `nejd* Ygos iedsj"t md`j tg`t O tgojl tgd Bevdrj-

mdjt sgeuni adhemd p`tdrj`n%" gd sòi* Ygd pdepnd. `ftdr `nn. `rd tgd

rd`n m`stdrs ef ` heujtry* Aut tgd m`stdrs g`vdj"t gì ` hg`jhd te

`ssdrt tgdmsdnvds. `ji tgdor sdrv`jts. eur ndìdrs. g`vd novdi oj tgd

m`stdrs" geusds eff tgd mejdy t`ldj frem tgd rd`n m`stdrs ef tgd

Xt`td* Rd must rdvdrsd tgos*

Ygdrd `rd semd wge wonn sdd oj tgos ` tdjidjhy tew`ri Hem-

mujosm* Ot m`y ad. aut `s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht wgond Fdjb"s dhejemohs

m`y ad `nn wrejb `hheriojb te tgdery. ot h`jjet ad idjodi tg`t gd

w`jtdi te gdnp tgd pdepnd oj ` pr`htoh`n w`y* Gd os ` beei ioshopno-

j`ro`j `ji ` beei ìmojostr`ter. `s gos etgdrwosd iuaoeus rdheri wonn

sgew*

Bevdrjmdjt suppert te ojf`jt ojiustrods irdw gos `ttdjtoej jdxt*

Gd sòi;

Ygd Bevdrjmdjt sgeuni ròsd )63.333.333 te gdnp eur ojiustrods

jew kust bdttojb st`rtdi `ji tgesd jet ydt ujidr w`y. wgohg wd jddi*

Rd sgeuni g`vd merd `ji aobbdr `ji adttdr hettej monns. t`jjdrods

`ji f`hterods ef `nn serts* Hgoj` g`s tgd r`w m`tdro`ns* Ygdrd os je

jddi fer us te dxpert tgdm `nn* Of wd òi eur f`rmdrs wd h`j lddp

eur dxperts up `nmest te tgdor prdsdjt ndvdn `ji stonn preiuhd djeubg

te suppny eur monns. t`jjdrods. `ji f`hterods wotg Hgojdsd brewj.

Hgojdsd mojdi. Hgojdsd preiuhdi r`w m`tdro`ns* Eur j`tur`n rd-

seurhds `rd ommdjsd* Rd must m`ld usd ef tgdm*

M`rsg`n Fdjb"s `maotoeus prebr`m ef dhejemoh rdferm h`nndi fer `

tet`n dxpdjioturd ef )833.333.333. Hgojdsd hurrdjhy* Ot w`s jet pes-

soand fer J`jlojb te spdji tg`t muhg mejdy ej gos er `jy etgdr

idvdnepmdjt prebr`m* Aut ` st`rt w`s mìd*



01 QDI QDADNNOEJ

DVDJYX

mevdi wotg `m`zojb swoftjdss tgd wddl dji ef Idhdm-

adr 03-01. 0?12. wgdj Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl rdturjdi te tgd Lue-

mojt`jb rdvenutoej* Gd w`s effoho`nny rdojst`tdi ej ` Froi`y<

ej X`turi`y gd b`vd gos puanoh vodws ef wg`t sgeuni ad iejd jdxt

`ji ujidr hevdr tgd Hemmujosts te tgd Xeutg wdrd `htovd oj rdadnnoej

`t H`jtej<ej Xuji`y. tgd dndvdjtg. `nn H`jtej w`s epdjny oj tgd brop

ef ` Qdi Qdadnnoej. 733 monds er merd seutg ef J`jlojb< `ji ej

Meji`y. tgd Hgojdsd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt. ndi ay Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb.

idhoidi ferm`nny te ard`l eff rdn`toejs wotg Meshew wotgoj `nn tgdor

rdvenutoej`ry J`toej`nost-hejtrenndi tdrrotery. `ji te eridr Xevodt

Qusso`"s iopnem`toh sdrvohd mdj eut ef tgd heujtry*

Ygd Qdi Qdadnnoej oj tgd iddp seutg ef Hgoj` areld ujdxpdhtdiny.

dvdj te tgd Hemmujost ndìdrs tgdmsdnvds* Ygdor g`ji gì addj

ferhdi. `ji tgdy struhl àruptny `ji wotg r`rd arut`noty dvdj fer

Hgoj`* Ygd Hgojdsd neetdi. r`pdi. muridrdi. aurjdi `ji s`hldi tgdor

ewj hoty dvdj merd rutgndssny tg`j tgdy hemmottdi somon`r `trehotods

ej ferdobj novds `ji prepdrty*

Ygdor sw`y w`s arodf* Oj turj. wgdj tgdy wdrd evdrtgrewj ay

ney`n Hgojdsd seniodry. tgd i`ys ef gerrer wdrd `nse arodf aut dvdj

merd nuroi. of pessoand* Sgetebr`pgs O s`w ef tg`t wrdhl`bd. gum`j

`s wdnn `s m`tdro`n. teni tgd jùsd`tojb. serioi t`nd merd br`pgoh`nny

tg`j heuni ` weri pohturd* M`jy ef tgd pohturds heuni jet ad pua-

nosgdi* Ygd ndjbtgs oj terturd te wgohg tgd Hgojdsd be `rd ujadnodv-

ànd aut tdrroany trud. ad tgd vohtom ` Hgojdsd m`j er wem`j er `

nest seun wotg wgotd sloj frem ferdobj sgerds* Ygd Hgojdsd tgreubg

tgd hdjturods g`vd `hgodvdi. `mejb etgdr tgojbs. `j `pebdd oj w`ys ef

terturd*

H`jtej w`s oj tgd brop ef tgd Qdis ej Xuji`y. Idhdmadr 01.

0?12* Xg`jbgò w`s ujidr spdho`n p`tren. wotg @mdroh`j m`rojds

ieojb jobgt ojstruhtoej iuty* Ygd Arotosg `ji K`p`jdsd idfdjsd




ferhds `ssostdi tgd mujohop`n penohd oj mòjtòjojb eridr `s tgd rosojb

toid ef pd`s`jt-nàer ujrdst swdpt Xeutg Hgoj`* Ygd f`td ef @mdro-

h`js oj tgd H`jtej `rd` w`s ujhdrtòj fer i`ys Rordndss iosp`thgds

sòi tg`t tgd @mdroh`j j`v`n ùtgerotods wdrd sddlojb te dstànosg hej-

t`ht wotg tgd rdfubdds ej n`ji*

Rgond tgd Qdi rdvent oj H`jtej rdsuntdi oj sdttojb tgd hoty `ford

oj m`jy pn`hds `s wdnn `s oj neetojb. tgd mea w`s jet `jto-ferdobj

Ygdsd mdj wdrd sddlojb r`tgdr te evdrtgrew Hgoj`"s monot`ry rdbomd

`ji dstànosg Hemmujost rund*

Xtrolojb iurojb tgd i`rl geurs proer te tg`t Xuji`y"s i`wj tgd

Qdi uprosojb suhhddidi iurojb tgd i`y oj ios`rmojb tgd penohd. reut-

ojb Bdjdr`n Hg`jb F`-lwdo"s md`bdr b`rrosej `ji bòjojb hempndtd

hejtren ef tgd hoty. wgohg tgd ràand prehddidi te neet* Xperìoh

fords rdsuntdi `t tgd f`jhy ef tgd pewdr-mì pd`s`jtry* Jet ejny

H`jtej w`s oj tgd hejtren ef tgd ràand aut `t nd`st sdvdj etgdr hotods

oj tgd Lw`jtujb `rd`* Ygd @mdroh`j bujae`ts X`hr`mdjte `ji

S`mp`jb` steei ay `t H`jtej* Ygd T* X* X* @sgdvonndkeojdi tgdm

tgdrd*

Ygd vohteroeus mea"s ndìdrs ossudi ` st`tdmdjt fennewojb tgd

rdster`toej ef hemp`r`tovd quodt. idhn`rojb oj p`rt;

Ygd hemaojdi ferhds ef pd`s`jts `ji werlmdj g`vd foj`nny t`ldj

evdr hejtren ef H`jtej* Ygd m`keroty ef tgdsd p`rtohop`tojb oj tgd

rdvent `rd treeps oj tgd Gemd Idfdjsd Xdrvohd `t H`jtej* Eur werl-

mdj"s Qdi Herps ujidr tgd iordhtoej ef Qdi treeps g`vd h`pturdi tgd

Sd`hd Aurdù `ji ios`rmdi tgd bu`ris*

Sd`s`jts horhun`tdi g`jiaonns ad`rojb suhg ojshroptoejs `s; IERJ

ROYG HGO@JB L@O-XGDL. BDJDQ@N HG@JB F@-LRDO. R@JB HGOJB-

RDO. RGE @QD YGD DJDM_ EF SD@X@JYX @JI REQLMDJ! QDI

SD@X@JYX @JI XENIODQX @QD YGD EJN_ EJDX RGE H@J SQEYDHY YGD

M@XXDX! @nn sgeps wdrd hnesdi* Ygd eutslorts ef H`jtej sw`rmdi

wotg `rmdi pd`s`jts `ji werlmdj wd`rojb rdi ar`ss`ris `ji `pp`r-

djtny wotg nottnd er je ndìdrsgop* M`ss mddtojbs wdrd gdni. te

hgeesd ndìdrs fer tgd ferm`toej ef ` Qdi Bevdrjmdjt*

Ygd d`sd wotg wgohg H`jtej fdnn os dxpnòjdi ay tgd f`ht tg`t mest

ef tgd rdbun`r treeps tgdrd gì addj h`nndi fer iuty oj Gej`j* Gdjhd

tgd h`pturd w`s d`sy. m`jy ef tgd rdmòjojb treeps beojb Qdi* Gew-

dvdr. tgd Hgojdsd J`vy rdmòjdi ney`n te Hg`jb F`-lwdo* Gd a`rdny

dsh`pdi wotg gos nofd àe`ri ` bujae`t* Ygd b`tds te tgd hoty wdrd



QDI QDADNNOEJ 06?

hnesdi. aut dfferts te rdt`ld tgd hoty seej mìd prebrdss. `ntgeubg

j`vob`toej adtwddj H`jtej `ji Gejblejb w`s ompessoand*

Ojferm`toej `s te gew tgd uprosojb st`rtdi os stonn v`bud. aut O

w`s teni tg`t n`td ej tgd prdvoeus X`turi`y Bdjdr`n R`jb Hgo-gsojb"s

treeps suiidjny `ttdmptdi te ios`rm tgd 9tg rdbomdjt ef tgd jdw

1ji Iovosoej. jumadrojb 0.333 mdj* Fobgtojb djsudi. pd`s`jts `ji

werlmdj t`lojb tgdor hud frem tgd seniodrs `ji keojojb oj tgd roets*

Ygd Qdi Qdadnnoej fennewdi*

Ejd rdsunt w`s J`jlojb"s idfojotd idhosoej te ard`l wotg Xevodt

Qusso`* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `jjeujhdi tg`t tgd Luemojt`jb

ndìdrs gì ojstruhtdi Ir* H* H* Ru. tgdj J`jlojb"s ferdobj mojostdr.

te prehddi wotg tgd jdhdss`ry stdps fer tgd wotgir`w`n ef `nn Xevodt

hejsun`tds oj J`toej`nost tdrroterods* 'Ir* Ru os jew idì*/ Ygd

ndìdr idhn`rdi tg`t tgd p`rty"s ojstruhtoejs wdrd oj tgd ferm ef `

pdrdmptery eridr. prdhnuiojb tgd pessoaonoty ef tgd Mojostdr"s fònurd

te `ht* Ir* Ru fertgwotg idm`jidi tgd wotgir`w`n ef `nn tgd Xevodt

Tjoej"s hejsun`tds oj Hgoj`* Ygd Xevodt Hejsun-Bdjdr`n w`s A*

Lesnevsly oj Xg`jbgò* Gd teni md `t forst tg`t gd gì jet addj

ojfermdi* Gd ìidi tg`t gd must `wòt Ir* Ru"s ferm`n `htoej

`s wdnn `s Meshew"s rdpny* Gd bet tgdm `ji ndft*

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl sòi ; Ygd p`rty"s `htoej w`s ldpt sdhrdt gdrdte-

ferd. pdjiojb tgd Ferdobj Mojostdr"s ferm`n `htoej* Gewdvdr. O fddn

tgd `jjeujhdmdjt os kustofodi jew oj vodw ef tgd H`jtej eutaurst.

wgohg ujieuatdiny w`s tgd rdsunt ef Xevodt `bot`toej* Ygdrd os je

ieuat aut tg`t Ir* Ru wonn `ht vdry quohlny* Gd g`s jet ydt gì

tomd te t`ld tgd usu`n ferm`n stdps fennewojb tgos ompert`jt idhosoej

`s f`r `s ` ferm`n jetd te Meshew os hejhdrjdi aut O `m surd gd wonn

prehddi fertgwotg* Xevodt `bot`ters `rd rdspejsoand fer mest ef eur

treuands oj tgos H`jtej `rd`. `s wdnn `s G`jlew. J`jlojb `ji dnsd-

wgdrd. Gdjhd `j àsenutd ard`l ommdio`tdny os jdhdss`ry fer tgd

rdster`toej ef pd`hd wotgoj eur tdrroterods*

Ygd n`tdst `jto-Qdi `jjeujhdmdjt hn`rofodi tgd H`jtej idvdnep-

mdjts* Ot w`s idhn`rdi tg`t tgd pd`s`jtry"s heup i"dt`t Xuji`y rd-

suntdi frem tgd Luemojt`jb"s sdjiojb ` tdndbr`m te H`jtej eridrojb

Bdjdr`n Hg`jb F`-lwdo te ròi H`jtej"s Xevodt Hejsun`td `ji sdozd

iehumdjts sgewojb tg`t Meshew w`s adgoji tgd pd`s`jt-nàer up-

rosojbs oj v`roeus sdhtoejs ef Hgoj`* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. `s wdnn

`s Y* V* Xeejb `ji Ir* G. G* Lujb. wdrd hejvojhdi tg`t tgdsd oj-




struhtoejs nd`ldi eut `t H`jtej. rdsuntojb oj tgd Qdi rdvent `ji pn`h-

ojb meas oj hejtren ef tgdhoty* Ygos dxpnòjdi tgd eutaurst `t tg`t

tomd. `ntgeubg fer ` fertjobgt tgdrd gì addj sobjs tg`t treuand w`s

ardwojb*

H`jtej hejtojudi oj turmeon*

Ney`n Luemojt`jb treeps seubgt te evdrpewdr tgd `rmdi pd`s`j-

try. wotg swoft suhhdss* Foftddj @mdroh`js `ji twe Arotosg dv`hu-

`tdi H`jtej. wgond `rmerdi nùjhgds frem tgd T* X* X* S`mp`jb` `s

wdnn `s tgd Xehejy Ojst`nn`toej `ssostdi oj arojbojb eut rdfubdds frem

tgd suauras* Qdfubdds hejhdjtr`tdi ej tgd osn`ji ef Xg`mddj* Xg`-

mddj os aut ` kdw y`ris eff sgerd. oj Sd`rn Qovdr* Furtgdr prdhù-

toejs wdrd t`ldj ej sgerd. tgd T* X* X* X`hr`mdjte n`jiojb fodni-podhds

`ji ojst`nnojb tgdm ej tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hejsun`td breujis. wgohg os

ej Xg`mddj Osn`ji*

Ygd sgert-novdi Qdi rdvent oj H`jtej djidi ej Idhdmadr 09* Ygd

ràand w`s reutdi. `ji ney`n Luemojt`jb treeps rdbòjdi hejtren* Ygd

H`jtej eutard`l hùsdi tgd merd meidr`td rdvenutoej`rods te ojvdobg

merd tg`j dvdr `bòjst Meshew"s ojtdrfdrdjhd* Ygd dffdht ef tgd tdr-

rerosts" `htovotods w`s te turj tgd J`jlojb ndìdrs merd tg`j dvdr

`bòjst rìoh`nosm*

Tttdr`jhds ay Mr* Pue Yò-hgo. tgdj Vohd-Mojostdr fer Ferdobj

@ffòrs `t J`jlojb. `t `j @mdroh`j Tjovdrsoty Hnua iojjdr oj Xg`jb-

gò. wdrd ojioh`tovd ef `j àrupt turj tew`ri tgd Qobgt* Pue Yò-

hgo. n`tdr Hgoj`"s @ma`ssìer oj Nejiej. teni ` n`rbd b`tgdrojb ef

premojdjt Hgojdsd `ji @mdroh`js; 9>Ygd Luemojt`jb os tgereubgny

fdi up wotg tgd `htovotods ef `nn Hemmujosts* Gd ìidi ;

Hgoj` os `t tgd hressreìs* Rd `rd f`hojb ` idhosoej adtwddj tgd

Xevodt `ji wg`t m`y ad tdrmdi tgd @jbne-X`xej ferm ef bevdrjmdjt*

Aottdr dxpdrodjhd g`s prevdi tg`t tgd Xevodts `rd f`nsd beis* Gdjhd.

tgeubgtfun ndìdrs oj tgd Luemojt`jb `rd jew rdìy te hg`jbd* Aut

wd jddi yeur suppert. `ji tgd suppert ef `nn tgd Rdstdrj Sewdrs

etgdr tg`j Xevodt Qusso` of eur hg`jbd os te prevd pr`htoh`n* Rd `rd

idhoidiny jet `jto-ferdobj. `ntgeubg hdrtòj ef eur penohods g`vd addj

se idshroadi*

Ygd Hgojdsd ef tgd d`rny i`ys hejsoidrdi `nn ferdobjdrs `s a`r-

a`ro`js `ji adjd`tg tgdm* Ygdj tgd ferdobjdrs gì tgdor i`y* Rdst-

drj mdhg`joh`n hovonoz`toej idvdnepdi. `ji ferdobjdrs hemojb te

Hgoj` hejsoidrdi tgd Hgojdsd a`hlw`ri `ji ujhovonozdi* Ot os jew



QDI QDADNNOEJ 020

gobg tomd tg`t aetg Hgojdsd `ji ferdobjdrs iosh`ri tgdsd `jhodjt prdk-

uiohds `ji sddl te heepdr`td tew`ri tgd adst ojtdrdsts ef tgd werni%"

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl mìd furtgdr `tt`hls ej Meshew `ji `nn

tgd Xevodts oj tgd Hgojdsd prdss* Gd idhn`rdi; Ygd Xevodt hej-

sun`tds dvdrywgdrd oj Hgoj` `rd sdrvojb `s hdjtdrs fer tgd prep`b`-

toej ef Hemmujosm* O f`ver ard`lojb eff eur rdn`toejs; etgdrwosd.

tgd sprdì ef Hemmujosm m`y g`jioh`p eur rdvenutoej* Of tgos gì

addj iejd semd tomd `be ot os pessoand tg`t tgd H`jtej treuand mobgt

g`vd addj `veoidi* Rd `rd idfojotdny `bòjst hejtojuojb iopnem`toh

rdn`toejs wotg Xevodt Qusso`. `ji h`jjet furtgdr heepdr`td wotg Qusso`

`s oj tgd p`st* O `nse adnodvd wd sgeuni heepdr`td wotg etgdr j`toejs

oj prdvdjtojb tgd sprdì ef Hemmujosm*

Ygd J`jlojb Jetd eridrdi `nn Xevodt iopnem`toh effoho`ns eut ef

Hgoj` oj sdvdj i`ys* Ygd tdxt ef tgd Jetd fennews;

Ygd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt g`s fer semd tomd addj ojfermdi

ay v`roeus rdperts tg`t tgd Xevodt hejsun`tds `ji tgd Xevodt

Xt`td"s hemmdrho`n `bdjhods oj `rd`s wotgoj tgd kurosiohtoej ef

tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt g`vd addj usdi `s gdìqu`rtdrs ef Qdi

prep`b`ji` `ji `j `synum fer `nn Hemmujosts* Dxpesurd ef

tgdsd f`hts g`s addj wotggdni. oj vodw ef ojtdrj`toej`n rdn`toejs

adtwddj Hgoj` `ji Qusso`*

Ej tgd dndvdjtg ef tgd prdsdjt mejtg `j uprosojb ehhurrdi

oj tgd hoty ef H`jtej hunmoj`tojb oj tgd ferhoand ehhup`toej ef

tg`t hoty ay Hemmujosts wge hut hemmujoh`toejs. aurjdi. pnuj-

idrdi `ji m`ss`hrdi tgreubgeut tgd hoty* Ygos st`rtnojb dvdjt

wotg `nn ots ios`streus hejsdqudjhds m`y ad `ttroautdi mòjny te

tgd f`ht tg`t tgd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts `vòndi tgdmsdnvds ef tgd

Xevodt hejsun`td `ji Xevodt Xt`td hemmdrho`n `bdjhods `s ` a`sd

fer iordht epdr`toejs* Fd`rs wdrd djtdrtòjdi tg`t ehhurrdjhds

ef ` nold j`turd m`y ehhur dnsdwgdrd*

Rotg ` vodw te mòjtòjojb pd`hd `ji eridr `ji te prdvdjt-

ojb tgd furtgdr sprdì ef suhg ios`stdrs eur Bevdrjmdjt fddns

tg`t suhg ` st`td ef tgojbs os frùbgt wotg ojh`nhunànd i`jbdrs

te eur S`rty `ji tgd Xt`td* Ot h`j je nejbdr ad tendr`tdi*

Ygdrdferd. ot os gdrday eridrdi tg`t eur rdhebjotoej `hheridi te

hejsuns ef tgd T* X* X* Q* st`toejdi oj tgd v`roeus Srevojhds

sg`nn ad suspdjidi oj eridr tg`t tgd reet ef tgos dvon ojfnudjhd




sg`nn ad drìoh`tdi `ji ` tgereubg ojquory ojstotutdi* Ygd Moj-

ostry fer Ferdobj @ffòrs os jew ojstruhtdi te supdrojtdji ots sua-

erioj`td

erb`js

`ji `ht oj

hejkujhtoej

wotg tgd etgdr Bevdrj-

mdjt ùtgerotods hejhdrjdi te put ojte dxdhutoej tgos m`ji`td

wotg `nn iud h`rd. `ji rdpert tgdrdej*

Ygd iopnem`toh. hejsun`r `ji `nn trìd `ji etgdr Qusso`j effoho`ns

ndft wotgoj ` wddl* Adferd tgd hemojb ef tgd Jdw _d`r ef 0?17 jet

` rdhebjozdi Qusso`j effoho`n rdmòjdi oj `nn Hgoj`*

Hgoj` w`s hemp`r`tovdny quodshdjt adferd tgd st`rt ef tgd sterm

tew`ri tgd Jertg `bòj tg`t sprojb* Hen Gdjry N* Xtomsej. jew

Xdhrdt`ry ef R`r. w`s j`mdi Bevdrjer-Bdjdr`n ef tgd jew sdmo-

ojidpdjidjt Sgonoppojd Osn`jis* Ygd Henejdn p`ssdi tgreubg Xg`jbgò

oj Fdaru`ry ej gos w`y te gos pest `t M`jon`. `ji O bet ej tgd

std`mdr `ji wdjt te tgd Sgonoppojds wotg gom*

Ej tg`t dxhursoej te vodw eur preandms `ji prebrdss oj tgesd

osn`jis `t tgd ojhdptoej ef tgd Xtomsej rund. O `nse bet ` vodw ef tgd

dffdht ef tgd Qdi turmeon `t H`jtej* Ot w`s @pron. 0?17. wgdj O vosotdi

Xeutg Hgoj` `ji feuji tg`t H`jtej. oj tgd gd`rt ef ejd ef tgd rohgdst

prevojhds oj `nn Hgoj`. tgd a`sd ef hovon w`rs fer ` qu`rtdr ef ` hdj-

tury `ji merd. w`s r`poiny beojb àeut tgd ausojdss ef rdauoniojb

woid `rd`s idstreydi iurojb tgd Qdi Qdadnnoej tgd prdvoeus Idhdmadr*

Ygd wojtdr wddls `ji d`rny sprojb gì jet sddj `j `pprdhoànd

hg`jbd oj tgd idv`st`tdi `rd`. ot w`s trud< ydt pn`js wdrd ujidr w`y

fer rdhejstruhtoej* Oj tgd md`jtomd. tgd tgrofty Hgojdsd auont tgdm-

sdnvds sgeps oj tgd bùjt arohl w`nns ef aurjdi auoniojbs `ji wdrd

beojb àeut nofd muhg `s usu`n*

Anehls `ji anehls wdrd buttdi ay tgd fn`mds tg`t gì terj `t tgd

gd`rt ef tgd Xeutgdrj h`pot`n wgdj tgd Qdis. ojfuro`tdi `t tgd ios-

hevdry ef tgdor pnet te evdrtgrew tgd H`jtej bevdrjmdjt. wdrd ferhdi

te `tt`hl prdm`turdny* Ygd i`m`bd r`j ojte tdjs ef monnoejs ef ien-

n`rs* Ygd dstom`tds v`rodi frem )04.333.333 te )93.333.333. tgos n`st

foburd t`lojb ojte hejsoidr`toej. ot weuni `ppd`r. tgd hest ef rdhej-

struhtoej* Ygd dstom`td os a`sdi. `s usu`n. ej Hgoj`"s sonvdr hurrdjhy*

Qdpn`hdmdjt ef aurjdi er aemadi auoniojbs hest `s muhg er merd

tg`j tgd eroboj`n struhturd `ji tg`t. ot w`s foburdi. must ad hej-

soidrdi oj tgd dstom`tds ef tgd tet`n ness*

Ot w`s idprdssojb te w`nl `nejb tgd areì strddts ef H`jtej. auont



QDI QDADNNOEJ 028

`hheriojb te meidrj pn`js m`id ujidr tgd rdbomd ef tgd n`td Ir* H*

H* Ru. wge `nse nejb w`s M`yer ef H`jtej* Ygd are`i strddts. uj-

usu`n oj ` Hgojdsd hoty. wdjt tgreubg anehl `ftdr anehl ef a`rrdj auoni-

ojbs wgesd w`nns. sh`rrdi `ji an`hldjdi. wdrd terj iewj te m`ld w`y

fer rdhejstruhtoej* Ygdy tdstofodi te tgd fury ef tgd mea



08 HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I

A@JIOYQ_

oj @so` os stonn ` prefotànd ausojdss wgohg tgeu-

s`jis ef revojb jemìs hejtojud te pursud. aut wgond tgd idvon

rdobjs evdr woid `rd`s. ndt us pùsd gdrd te neel `t tgd werl

wgohg tgd Hgrosto`j mossoej`rods `rd ieojb oj ` v`no`jt of se f`r futond

dffert te sgew tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds tgd nobgt* Xemd yd`rs `be mymetgdr b`vd md ` nottnd aeel djtotndi. HGQOXY EF YGD OJIO@J QE@I*

Ot w`s ay ` mossoej`ry wge gì spdjt mest ef gos ìunt nofd `mejb

tgd pdepnds ef Ojio`. sddlojb te sgew tgdm tgd R`y* Ot sddms te

md tg`t O mobgt ie wersd oj sdndhtojb ` totnd fer tgos ojtdrdstojb pg`sd

ef m`j"s strubbnd fer dxostdjhd oj tgd Erodjt tg`j ay hgeesojb HGQOXY

EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I*

Ygd mdj `ji wemdj oj eur Hgrosto`j mossoejs g`vd gì `jytgojb

aut `j d`sy tomd ef ot oj tgdor dfferts te hejvdrt tgd gd`tgdj Hgojdsd*

Ygd Hgojdsd `hhdpt tgdbofts

ef tgd mossoej`rods. dspdho`nny tgesd ef `

m`tdro`n j`turd*

Ygdy`nnew tgdsd mdj `ji wemdj frem

ferdobjn`jis te hemd ojte tgdor n`ji `ji try te sprdì tgdor bespdn* Aut oj

merd tg`j ` hdjtury tgd trud hejvdrts te Hgrosto`joty `mejb tgd

Hgojdsd g`vd addj fdw* Fer hdjturods tgdy g`vd gì tgdor ewj w`y

ef tgojlojb àeut ojfojoty `ji tgd w`y ef tgos nofd `ji gew adst te novd

or* Ygdy rdtòj tgdor `jhodjt fòtg oj Auiigosm. wgohg os tgd mòj

rdnoboej ef @so`*

Ygdrd `rd tdjs ef tgeus`jis. wge g`vd dmar`hdi Hgrost"s td`hgojbs

`s tgdor

ewj.`ji fennew Gom

tgreubgGos mossoej`rods* Aut

tgdsd.

tgeubg tgdy jumadr semd tgrdd monnoej seuns. `rd stonn aut ` irep oj

tgd auhldt* Ygdrd `rd stonn jd`rny 933.333.333 etgdr Hgojdsd. wge rd-

mòj ujmevdi ay tgdsd td`hgojbs* Ygd s`md os trud oj K`p`j wgdrd

Xgojteosm. ` vdrsoej ef Auiigosm. os tgd Xt`td rdnoboej*

Ygd werl ef tgd mossoej`rods. tgdrdferd. os g`ri oj tgd D`st* _dt

tgdy pdrsost. `ji wgdrd tgdy h`j tgdy ie ` beei werl. ot must ad

029



HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I+" 024

ìmottdi dvdj ay tgd Hgojdsd* Mest ef tgd hejvdrts `rd mdrdny eut

fer tgd roid%" eut. oj etgdr weris. fer wg`t os oj ot fer tgdm* Ygdsd

`rd ljewj te tgd g`ri-aottdj trìdrs wge ojgàot tgd he`st`n hotods `s

tgd i`mjdi rohd-Hgrosto`js* Ygdrd os trutg oj tg`t dpotgdt fer tg`t

os dx`htny wg`t m`jy ef tgdm `rd* Ygdor ejny rd`sej fer `ttdjiojb `

Mossoej Xhgeen oj Hgoj` os se tg`t tgdy m`y adjdfot ay tgd ojstruhtoej

effdrdi te stuidjts. `j dxhdnndjt hg`jhd te nd`rj ` ferdobj n`jbu`bd.

usu`nny Djbnosg. wgohg tgdy m`y usd n`tdr wgdj tgdy djtdr trìd.

a`jlojb. ` prefdssoej er bevdrjmdjt sdrvohd*

Ljewndibd suhg `s tg`t os vdry usdfun. tgd Hgojdsd ljew. `ji tgdy

h`j bdt ot `t ` mojomum ef dxpdjsd* Rg`t tgdy ie `ftdr brìu`toej

os hejkdhtur`n* Mest ef tgdm rdturj te tgdor eni fòtg. t`ld ` jdw

vew oj tgdor sdt fermun` ef `jhdster wersgop `ji tgd fòtg ef tgdor

ferdad`rs. `ji be àeut tgdor ausojdss hejtdjtdi* Ygdy tgojl tgdy

g`vd snoppdi ejd evdr ej tgdsd ferdobj a`ra`ro`js. `bòj*

Ot os trud. ef heursd. tg`t semd rd`nny adhemd hejvdrtdi te Hgros-

to`joty `ji novd up te tgd td`hgojbs te wgohg tgdy g`vd addj suakdhtdi*

Gewdvdr. tgdy `rd fdw*

Ygd hgodf werl ef tgd Hgrosto`j mossoej`rods oj Hgoj` tgdrdferd os

hejfojdi te twe fodnis ef gum`j djid`ver. j`mdny. diuh`toej `ji s`jo-

t`toej. wotg tgd n`ttdr fodni hevdrojb mdioh`n mossoejs bdjdr`nny oj @so`*

Ygd dv`jbdnoh`n werl os ompert`jt. ef heursd aut tgd Hgojdsd `rd `

pr`htoh`n net `ji `htoejs spd`l neuidr tg`j weris*

@ prd`hgdr h`j st`ji up `ji spddhg `t tgdm `nn i`y dvdry i`y

oj tgd wddl. aut ujndss gd ieds semdtgojb wgohg h`j prevd adyeji

tgd sgìew ef ` ieuat tg`t tgd w`y ef tgd ferdobj. wgotd-slojjdi Hgros-

to`js wonn m`ld tgos nofd merd novdànd. gd mobgt kust `s wdnn s`vd gos

ard`tg* Fer tgos rd`sej tgd Hgrosto`j werldrs `rd d`rjdstny tryojb te

prevd te tgd Hgojdsd tg`t ` Hgrosto`j hemmujoty os hnd`jdr. tgd oj-

gàot`jts `htu`nny novd oj johdr gemds ej johdr strddts `ji oj johdr

tewjs. tgdy `rd tgdrdferd g`ppodr `ji `nse merd prespdreus. `ji tgd

Hgrosto`js `rd adttdr diuh`tdi adhùsd tgdy g`vd merd `ji adttdr

shgeens oj tgdor tewjs*

Ygd hgoninold m`ssds ef Hgojdsd 'er `jy etgdr pdepnd. fer tg`t

m`ttdr/ h`j ujidrst`ji ` w`y ef nofd nold tg`t. `ji tgdy `rd dmar`hojb

Hgrosto`joty fer tg`t rd`sej oj n`rbdr jumadrs tg`j gdrdteferd. te tgd

pnd`s`jt surprosd ef tgd Hgrosto`j werldrs*

J`tur`nny. m`tdro`n adjdfots gdrd `ji jew hemd forst te promotovd




seuns dxostojb oj ` hrudn. a`rrdj werni* Ygdy h`j sdd ejny gew tgdy

`rd te ad noftdi up aeiony ay ` jdw `ji str`jbd hrddi< tgdy h`jjet ad

dxpdhtdi te g`vd tgd areìdr vosoej wgohg djhemp`ssds tgd sporotu`n

er mdjt`n bnerods te fennew* Aut ejhd òidi tew`ri ` merd pnd`s`jt

nofd wotg seho`n sdhuroty fer `nn. `ji ejd oj wgohg tgdy h`j ad diuh`tdi

up te `j `pprdho`toej ef tgd fojdr tgojbs ef dxostdjhd. tgd trud hej-

vdrsoej te tg`t meid ef novojb wonn hemd te p`ss*

Ygd mdioh`n mossoejs `ji tgd diuh`toej`n werl tgreubg shgeens

sh`ttdrdi `nn evdr Hgoj` frem _djhgojb Tjovdrsoty `t Sdopojb te tgd

H`jtej Hgrosto`j Henndbd oj tgd iddp Xeutg `rd bovojb tgos pr`htoh`n

breujiwerl tei`y oj dxhdnndjt f`sgoej*

@jetgdr beei tgojb wgohg tgd mossoej`rods ioi eut oj Hgoj` `t tgd

st`rt ef tgos idhìd w`s te dnomoj`td 'se f`r `s tgd Hgojdsd `rd hej-

hdrjdi/ tgd ojhemprdgdjsoand idjemoj`toejs tgreubg wgohg tgd Ehho-

idjt`n werni vodws Bei* Ygd sompnd-mojidi aut neboh`n Hgojdsd fòndi

te br`sp wgy. wgdj wd wersgoppdi aut ejd Gd`vdjny F`tgdr. wd `nse

must g`vd H`tgenohs `ji Sretdst`jts* Er wgy tgdsd. tee. `rd iovoidi

`ji sua-iovoidi nold ` rd`n dst`td idvdnepmdjt tgd Mdtgeiosts 'Jertg

`ji Xeutg/. tgd A`ptosts. tgd Hgrosto`js. tgd Nutgdr`js. Srdsaytdro`js.

`ji se ej* Ygd idjemoj`toejs ef tgd Sretdst`jt Hgurhg ioi `w`y

wotg hrddis `ji iovosoej`n a`rrodrs oj 0?12. àeut tgd tomd tg`t Bdj-

dr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl w`s bdttojb m`rrodi `hheriojb te tgd wdiiojb

rotu`n ef tgd Mdtgeiost Dposhep`n Hgurhg 'Xeutg/ te ` idveut Mdtgei-

ost Hgurhg 'Xeutg/ Hgojdsd bornoj Xg`jbgò* Ygd H`tgenohs stonn `rd

iovoidi ojte Brddl Ertgeiex. Qem`j. dth*

Ygos O tgojl os ` beei pn`hd te rdvodw tgd mossoej`ry `htovotods `s

tgdy ehhurrdi oj Hgoj` `t tg`t tomd*

@t G`jlew oj M`y ef 0?12. Aosgep N* G* Qeets. gdì ef tgd

@mdroh`j Hgurhg Mossoej. wge gì rdfusdi te dv`hu`td idspotd Hej-

sun-Bdjdr`n Fr`jl Nehlg`rt"s urbdjt rdqudst. teni md gd adnodvdi tg`t

ejd rdsunt ef tgd hrosos weuni ad tgd djtord rderb`joz`toej ef mossoej-

`ry werl tgdrd* Aosgep Qeets ìvosdi gos Hgurhg te sdji ` hemmos-

soej te Hgoj` te ojvdstob`td hejiotoejs `ji idhoid ej tgd adst stdps te

t`ld oj vodw ef tgd rdvenutoej`ry `htovotods wgohg gì tdmper`rony

eustdi Hgrosto`j mdj `ji wemdj frem Hgoj`*

Ygd Aosgep rdhdovdi md oj gos effohds oj `j eni rdi arohl auoniojb

jd`r tgd Auji. `ji herio`nny wdnhemdi fr`jl ioshussoej ef hurrdjt

preandms hejjdhtdi wotg gos werl* Gd ìmottdi tg`t ìvdrsd hejio-



HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I 022

toejs wdrd `ffdhtojb tgd djtord futurd ef Hgrosto`joty oj @so` `ji

t`nldi d`rjdstny ej tgos suakdht*

Aosgep Qeets rdspejidi semdwg`t sg`rpny te

myqudry `s te gos

rd`sejs fer rdfusojb te idp`rt frem tgd i`jbdreus _`jbtzd Qovdr

sgerds* Gd sòi; O adnodvd tg`t my werl os `s ompert`jt `s tg`t ef

tgrdd sherd ausojdss mdj rdmòjojb gdrd jew er `s yeurs. fer tg`t

m`ttdr* Rgy sgeuni O idsdrt ujton ferhdi te ie se. `jy merd tg`j

tgdsd ausojdss mdj sgeuni nd`vd tgd kea er `jyejd dnsd stonn gdrd5

Ygd Aosgep sòi tg`t ejny feur ferdobjdrs tgdj rdmòjdi oj gos

mossoej. ieojb werl fermdrny iejd ay ejd gujirdi mossoej`rods* Ygdy

wdrd gomsdnf. Y*K* Genn`jidr. Ir Sùn R`ldfodni `ji Kegj Nottdnn*

Oj tgos hrosos O foji wd `rd ioshevdrojb tgd trud v`nud ef eur

Hgojdsd Hgrosto`js. tgd Aosgep sòi* Ygdy `rd h`rryojb ej tgd werl

wgohg wd g`vd adbuj* Eur gespot`n. ujovdrsoty `ji moiind shgeen `rd

stonn rujjojb gdrd. ujidr tgd iordhtoej ef tgd Hgojdsd ejny* Rd `rd

stonn suppertojb eur ojstotutoejs tgd s`md `s adferd. `ji tgdy rdprdsdjt

`j ojvdstmdjt ef `t nd`st ` monnoej ienn`rs. beni. `ji pessoany merd*

Eur `jju`n mòjtdj`jhd hest rujs `pprexom`tdny )933.333. Mdx* Ygd

Hgojdsd `rd oj hempndtd hejtren*

O `m ujànd te s`y ydt wg`t eur pesotoej wonn ad oj tgd futurd.

aut O `m ojhnojdi te adnodvd tg`t tgos tdst ef tgd Hgojdsd Hgrosto`js os

` beei tgojb* Rgdtgdr wd wonn jddi `s m`jy ferdobjdrs oj tgd futurd

rdmòjs te ad sddj* Sdrsej`nny. O tgojl wd wonn ad ferhdi te rderb`j-

ozd eur djtord mossoej werl ej ` jdw a`sos. nd`vojb tgd Hgojdsd Hgros-

to`js dssdjto`nny oj hejtren* Ygd pesotoej ef tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt

os `jetgdr hejsoidr`toej* Ygdy g`vd idjodi adojb `jto-rdnoboeus er

`jto-Hgrosto`j. aut jumdreus h`mpòbjs `bòjst Hgrosto`joty g`vd addj

gdni oj rdhdjt mejtgs wotg tgdor hejsdjt* Eur rdn`toejs wotg tgd bev-

drjmdjt must ad rdhejsoidrdi* Ygd eni trd`tods wgond jemoj`nny stonn

oj ferhd `htu`nny `rd jet* Rd must tgdrdferd idtdrmojd eur st`tus wotg

tgd J`toej`nosts of tgdy `rd vohteroeus. `s sddms preaànd*

Ygd Hgojdsd tei`y `rd jet nold tgd Hgojdsd ef tgorty yd`rs `be*

Ygdy `rd `reusdi jew* Ef heursd. ejny ` fdw `htu`nny `rd `rtohun`td

`ji ot os tgdsd tg`t wd gd`r `ji sdd tgd mest. aut tgd m`ssds `nse `rd

hg`jbdi* O g`vd ìvosdi eur Mossoej te wòt ujton tgdsd rdvenutoej`ry

hejiotoejs hnd`r up adferd idhoiojb ej ` idfojotd penohy oj Hgoj`* Ygdy

`rd sdjiojb ` hemmossoej te Hgoj` te `ssost tgd mossoej`rods `nrdìy

gdrd `ji te `brdd ej futurd pn`js* Oj tgd md`jtomd. wd g`vd dv`hu-




`tdi `nmest `nn eur st`toejs oj tgd _`jbtzd V`nndy* Eur mossoej

werldrs `rd rdmòjojb hgodfny `t Xg`jbgò tdmper`rony. pdjiojb ` id-

hosoej ej gew te

prehddiwotg eur werl*

O adnodvd tg`t sdjtomdjt `mejb tgd J`toej`nosts f`vers rdnoboeus

frddiem oj Hgoj` `s ` wgend* Bdjdr`n Y`jb Xgdj-tsd oj hg`rbd gdrd

os ` Auiigost. etgdrs oj ùtgeroty `rd Hejfuho`js. `ji se ej< Bdjdr`n

Y`jb sdjt ` ndttdr te us rdhdjtny wrottdj ej p`pdr ad`rojb ` w`tdrm`rl

sgewojb `j eni Auiigost s`yojb. Mest mdrhofun hemp`ssoej`td ejd wge

s`vds ojiovoiu`ns `ji s`vds tgd werni* O adnodvd tg`t tgd bevdrjmdjt

wonn m`ld semdprevosoej

ferrdnoboeus

frddiem dvdjtu`nny. oj ` ferm`n

w`y* Ygos prdsdjt w`r gystdro` h`jjet n`st ferdvdr*

Aosgep Qeets sòi tg`t Guj`j Srevojhd w`s tgd werst spet oj

Hgoj` `s f`r `s mossoej`ry werl w`s hejhdrjdi `ji tg`t `nn tgd fer-

dobjdrs tgdrd seutg ef G`jlew gì addj dv`hu`tdi* Gd sòi tg`t tgd

Hgojdsd Hgrosto`js wge wdrd ndft tgdj wdrd ujànd te hejtojud wotg

tgdor rdnoboeus werl `ji je sdrvohds ef `jy loji wdrd adojb gdni* Gos

mossoej tgdrd w`s hnesdi `s wdrd

m`jyef tgd etgdrs* Xdvdr`n wdrd

hejfosh`tdi ay tgd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts*

Ygd Tjoejs ef tgd pd`s`jts `rd hgodfny rdspejsoand fer tgdsd `hts%"

Aosgep Qeets sòi*9f

Ygd sotu`toej tgdrd os aeridrojb ej `j`rhgy*

Hemmujosm os tee beei ` tdrm fer ot* Mea rund dxosts oj Guj`j.

wgdrd tgdy jew g`vd ` rund ef tgd ujruny* @nn mossoejs `rd hnesdi

`ji. `s O s`y. hgurhg sdrvohds `rd jet pessoand `t tgd memdjt*

Aosgep Qeets ojtom`tdi tg`t gd `ji tgd etgdr mossoej`rods weunit`ld up tgd djtord qudstoej dvdjtu`nny wotg tgd J`jlojb rdvenutoej`ry

ùtgerotods. of `ji wgdj tgd bevdrjmdjt w`s ànd te bovd `ttdjtoej te

preandms hejhdrjojb ojtdrj`n erb`joz`toej ef tgd hejtojdjt*

Iossdjsoej oj tgd g`rrodi r`jls ef @mdroh`j mossoej`rods areld eut

oj Xg`jbgò tg`t summdr* Xg`jbgò w`s tgd rdnoboeus h`pot`n fer `

tomd. wgdrd werldrs frem sh`ttdrdi ojtdroer pests wdrd hejbrdb`tdi

`wòtojb tgd ieuatfun futurd ef Hgrosto`joty oj tg`t n`ji* @ breup ef

Fuji`mdjt`nosts gdni ` mddtojb `ji `ftdraottdrny idjeujhojb tgd

Meidrjosts oj tgd mossoej fodni sdt tgdor sobj`turds te ` mdss`bd wgohg

w`s sdjt te v`roeus hgurhg erb`joz`toejs `ji jdwsp`pdrs oj @mdroh`*

Ygd Fuji`mdjt`nosts h`rrodi tgd fobgt `bòjst tgdor aottdr feds. tgd

Meidrjosts. te tgd @mdroh`j puanoh. `ji tgdor mdss`bd idfojotdny

seubgt te ojfnudjhd hgurhg ndìdrs a`hl gemd* Ygd mdss`bd `ssdrtdi ;



HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I+" 02?

Ygd prdsdjt dv`hu`toej ef tgd mossoej`rods g`s addj pdrmottdi ay Bei

`s ` md`js ef purofyojb tgd mossoej`ry djtdrprosd oj Hgoj`*

Ygd Meidrjosts wdrd iuaadi dhhndso`stoh`n Aensgdvosts. tgd `tt`hl

adojb p`rtohun`rny aottdr `bòjst tgd J`toej`n Hgrosto`j Heujhon* Ygd

Qdv* Ir* Gubg R* Rgotd ef tgd Xeutgdrj Srdsaytdro`j Mossoej. wge

prdsoidi. adnàerdi gos Meidrjost hennd`buds oj tgd fennewojb votroenoh

f`sgoej oj gos ìirdss; X`t`j"s ì`pt`toej ef Kdrus`ndm Hgrosto`joty

g`s put ojte tgd ndì ef tgd Meidrjost mevdmdjt ` a`ji ef dhhndso`s-

toh`n Aensgdvosts wge werl ej tgd projhopnd ef "aerojb frem wotgoj%

fddiojb ej Hgrosto`joty te idstrey ot* Meidrjosm os prom`rony penotoh`n

`ji os òmdi `t eur Hgrosto`j werls bevdrjmdjt. `s wdnn `s tgd ojsto-

tutoej ef m`rro`bd ej wgohg tgd Hgrosto`j seho`n systdm os a`sdi*

Ygd mdss`bd te @mdroh` idjeujhdi tgd J`toej`n Hgrosto`j Heujhon

`s ` idstruhtovd `bdjhy `ji idm`jidi tg`t wgdj mossoej`rods `bòj

rdturjdi te Hgoj` tgdy ad sdjt te hejiuht wg`t tgd Fuji`mdjt`nosts

tdrmdi ertgeiex werl*

Ygd Qdv* D* D* Xtretgdr. Xdhrdt`ry ef tgd Hgrosto`j Djid`ver

Tjoej. sòi; Rd `rd f`hojb ` tgereubgny erb`jozdi Meidrjosts" m`-

hgojd wgohg os nold ` brd`t `rmy ruj ay wdnn tròjdi effohdrs `ji `

m`rvdneus ojtdnnobdjhd idp`rtmdjt wotg sdhrdt heids. wordndss hemmu-

joh`toejs `ji wdnn dquoppdi tròjojb h`mps* Ygos `rmy g`s ` v`st

jumadr ef seniodrs wonnojb te fennew anojiny tgdor ewj trustdi ndìdrs.

dvdj te id`tg* Ygos pewdrfun `rmy os noadr`nny foj`jhdi `ji sdhrdtny

`nnodi wotg etgdr brd`t suavdrsovd erb`joz`toejs wotg àuji`jt fujis*

Ygdor prep`b`jiosts `rd semd ef tgd mest hndvdr mdj oj tgd werni.

`ji ay tgdor str`tdby tgdy g`vd suhhddidi oj punnojb tgd ween evdr

tgd dyds ef ` jumadr ef pdepnd oj n`rbd heujtrods*

Xtretgdr b`vd ` summ`ry ef tgd ioffdrdjhds adtwddj tgd Meidrj-

ost `ji Fuji`mdjt`nost adnodfs. `tt`hlojb dvenutoej `ji quetojb tgd

n`td Ronno`m Kdjjojbs Ary`j* Fddnojbs oj tgos aottdr fobgt rd`hgdi `

hnom`x oj Xg`jbgò. wgohg os tgd jdrvd hdjtdr ef `nn Hgoj` fer tgd

mossoej`rods*

Ygdsd squàands iurojb ` tomd wgdj mossoej`ry preandms wdrd

ehhupyojb ` premojdjt pn`hd oj tgd `htovotods ef ferdobjdrs bdjdr`nny

hùsdi je nottnd ìvdrsd hemmdjt tgdrd* @mejb tgd sobjofoh`jt puanoh

rdm`rls w`s ` ndìojb `rtohnd projtdi oj tgd Xg`jbgò Yomds. ` noadr`n

Arotosg-ewjdi iòny diotdi ay `j @mdroh`j* Ygd `rtohnd b`vd foburds

sgewojb tgdrd wdrd ejny àeut fovd gujirdi mossoej`rods rdmòjojb oj




tgd ojtdroer st`toejs `s hemp`rdi wotg dobgt tgeus`ji oj jerm`n tomds*

Fovd tgeus`ji gì addj rdturjdi te tgdor gemdn`jis dotgdr ej furneubg

er ej spdho`n nd`vds ef àsdjhd<foftddj gujirdi wdrd oj Xg`jbgò. `ji

`jetgdr tgeus`ji wdrd tdmper`rony tr`jsfdrrdi te st`toejs oj K`p`j

`ji Lerd`*

Ygd diotero`n hemmdjtdi ; Ot os jet tee muhg te s`y tg`t tgd hnehl

ef mossoej`ry prebrdss oj Hgoj` g`s addj sdt a`hl m`jy bdjdr`toejs*

Ot ìidi. gewdvdr. Hejiotoejs `rd aeuji te omprevd. `t nd`st `s f`r

`s tgd mossoej`rods `rd hejhdrjdi. ojsef`r `s Hgoj` wonn hejtojud te

jddi fer m`jy yd`rs te hemd tgdor gd`nojb ojstotutoejs suhg `s gespo-

t`ns. shgeens. `ji etgdr suhg erb`joz`toejs wgohg be tew`ri auoniojb

` merd s`jd `ji n`stojb st`td ef sehodty*

Ygd diotero`n. `ftdr eutnojojb tgd pr`htoh`n adjdfots adojb bòjdi

tgreubg Hgrosto`j Ojstotutoejs wgohg `rd dssdjto`n te tgd m`tdro`n

wdnf`rd ef tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds `ppd`ndi fer tgd rdturj ef tgd mossoej-

`rods oj brd`tdr jumadrs* Gewdvdr. wgond pròsojb tgd wdnf`rd werl

ef tgd v`roeus mossoejs. ot gepdi tg`t wgdj ferdobj mossoej`rods ioi

rdturj tgdy weuni ad tgesd wgesd dyds g`vd jet addj iommdi ay

penotoh`n hejsoidr`toejs er ay tgd br`voty ef tgdor ewj iondmm`s*

+ + +

Of yeu wdrd te t`ld ` tròj `t tgd Jertg Xt`toej oj Xg`jbgò ej

tgd J`jlojb nojd `ji tr`vdn tgd fofty-tgrdd monds tg`t sdp`r`td tgd

pohturdsqud eni w`nndi hoty ef Xeehgew frem tgd sd`. yeu mobgt foji

f`r ej tgd eutslorts. `ppre`hgdi tgreubg tgd j`rrewdst ef wojiojb

sgep-p`hldi n`jds. ` meidrj @mdroh`j ujovdrsoty* _eu weuni jddi

` buoid te foji ot tgd forst tomd ujndss yeu heuni dxpnòj te ` rohlsg`w

heenod wgdrd yeu w`jtdi te be fer mest ef tgdm ljew tgos mossoej`ry

shgeen `ji tgd J`jhds%"

Ygd J`jhds g`vd addj novojb oj Xeehgew fer tgd p`st qu`rtdr hdj-

tury er merd `ji dvdryaeiy tgdrd ljews wge tgdy `rd* Ygdy `rd

gespotànd fenl frem tgd seutg oj @mdroh` `ji tgdy wdrd sdjt eut te

Hgoj` wgdj tgdy wdrd yeujb te td`hg oj Xeehgew Tjovdrsoty* Ir*

R`ntdr Auhljdr J`jhd. ` j`tovd ef M`rsg`nn Heujty. Ydjj*. adh`md

Srdsoidjt ef tgd shgeen oj 0?11* Ygd ujovdrsoty os ` mejumdjt te

gos werl* Ot w`s feujidi `ji os suppertdi ay tgd Mdtgeiost Dpos-

hep`n Hgurhg 'Xeutg/*

Of Ir. J`jhd ojvotdi yeu te spdji ` wddl dji wotg tgdm `ji gì

rohlsg`ws `wòtojb `t tgd st`toej yeu weuni jet jddi te werry àeut



HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I+" 070

`jytgojb. fer gd os ` Xeehgew m`j. `s gd puts ot* _eu weuni prea-

àny nd`rj merd àeut Xeehgew"s str`jbd gostery oj ` wddl dji tg`j

mest pdepnd weuni oj ` muhg nejbdr tomd* Furtgdrmerd. yeu weuni

ioshevdr tg`t Mrs* J`jhd os ` hg`rmojb gestdss wge g`s areubgt ` aot

ef tgd eni seutg ojte tgd gd`rt ef Hgoj`<`ji tg`t gdr heel. wgem sgd

tùbgt dvdrytgojb gd ljews. os ` hempesdr ef sympgejods oj Xeutgdrj

idnoh`hods*

Ejd wddl dji oj tgd n`td summdr ef 0?12. Ir* J`jhd sgewdi md

Xeehgew"s tdmpnds. ` f`meus b`ridj `ji tgd Xeehgew p`bei`* Gd

w`s ` yeujbosg nottnd m`j idspotd gos yd`rs `ji gos sonvdry wgotd gòr.

`ji gos dyds sp`rlndi wotg pdrpdtu`n gumer adgoji romndss bn`ssds*

Gd w`s tordndss oj hejiuhtojb eur teur ef Xeehgew. `ji gd w`s forst

te tgd tep wgdj wd sh`ndi tgd p`bei`"s iozzy gdobgt* Xt`jiojb ej ots

j`rrew tepmest a`nhejy wd b`zdi eut evdr Xeehgew aàanojb oj tgd

iusl `t eur fddt. ots tondi reefs `ji nottnd wgotdw`sgdi auoniojbs. typo-

h`nny Hgojdsd. spnethgojb tgd shr`bbny n`jish`pd fer monds `reuji* Oj

tgd iost`jhd. tgd an`hl w`nn md`jidrdi pretdhtojbny `reuji tgd geusds*

Xeehgew. ` hoty ef àeut ` monnoej. nods hgodfny wotgoj tgos w`nn. wgohg

os merd tg`j tdj monds oj horhumfdrdjhd*

@ tdmpnd ìk`hdjttgd eni Xeehgew p`bei`. idstreydi `t semd

tomd er etgdr iurojb tgd w`rs tg`t swddp evdr tgos `rd` `nn tee frd-

qudjtny. w`s ujidr hejstruhtoej* Rotgoj. ejd feuji beis oj tgd m`lojb.

sturiy werlmdj djdrbdtoh`nny gdwojb brd`t Auiig`s frem nejb nebs

`ji `rtos`js slonndi oj tgdor nàer ausony f`sgoejojb tgd `rms. aeiods

`ji stdrj. pdjsovd f`hds ef tgdsd oiens te wgem tgdy `ji etgdrs seej

weuni pr`y*

Xeehgew g`s hg`jbdi nottnd sojhd tgd Moiind @bds* Ot os. oj tgos.

nold mest ef Hgoj`"s hotods* Idstreydi frem tomd te tomd ay w`r er

ford er f`mojd er semd etgdr j`tur`n ios`stdr. tgd hoty os rdauont `ji

tgd survovers h`rry ej* Frem eur p`bei`. wd heuni sdd ej `nn soids

huroeus meujis evdrbrewj wotg br`ss wgohg Ir* J`jhd dxpnòjdi

wdrd tgd gd`ps ojte wgohg tgd hg`rrdi `sgds ef Xeehgew wdrd r`ldi

ay tgd survovers `ftdr tgd hoty w`s nòi w`std oj tgd Yòpojb Qdadnnoej

ef tgd n`st hdjtury* Xemd ef tgdsd meujis `rd tgorty er ferty fddt

gobg. neemojb up àevd tgd geusds reuji àeut* Nottnd of `jytgojb ef

v`nud os. tgdy s`y. aurodi wotgoj* Jetgojb aut arohls `ji stejds.

hg`rrdi r`ftdrs `ji tgd nold g`vd dvdr addj ioshevdrdi ay tgesd wotg

djtdrprosd `ji huroesoty djeubg te iob ojte tgdm*




Rotg Mrs* J`jhd. wd vosotdi tgd sgeps `ji aeubgt huroes podhds

ef overy `ji f`js* @ji oj ` tdmpnd wd feuji yeujb mejls tr`hojb

`jhodjt shrenns.

rdpreiuhojbtgd

strolojb pohturds

ir`wj ay prodsts

wgdj Hgoj` w`s hrd`tojb `rt* Ygd tr`hojbs m`y ad aeubgt fer ` pot-

t`jhd. `ji wd ìidi sdvdr`n te eur henndhtoej ef tgojbs Hgojdsd*

@t jobgt `ftdr iojjdr eur p`rty strenndi àeut tgd h`mpus oj tgd

meejnobgt `ji Mrs* J`jhd sgewdi us gdr b`ridj ef m`jy fnewdrs.

ojhnuiojb ` rdm`rlànd iospn`y ef hgrys`jtgdmums* Ygd h`mpus quì-

r`jbnd os `s typoh`n `j @mdroh`j h`mpus `s ejd mobgt foji oj ` sm`nn

henndbdtewj

`jywgdrdoj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. ots

auoniojbs tgereubgnymeidrj* Ygd ujovdrsoty g`s ots ewj nobgt `ji pewdr systdm* Y`nn

sgìd trdds ferm `j `rhgw`y `nejb tgd areì w`nl tg`t aeujis tgd

h`mpus* Dvdrytgojb àeut tgd ujovdrsoty rdh`nns ots @mdroh`j heujtdr-

p`rt* @nejb tgd h`mpus dibd tgd Xeehgew me`t rujs. aeujidi ej ots

f`r soid ay tgd hoty"s w`nn* Ygd hejtr`st os pewdrfun*

Ir* J`jhd teni ef tgd hg`jbds tg`t wdrd t`lojb pn`hd oj tgd ujovdr-

sotyujidr jdw

rdbun`toejs bevdrjojbsuhg ojstotutoejs* Ygd J`toej`n-

ost J`jlojb Bevdrjmdjt gì eridrdi tg`t `nn ferdobj shgeens must

ad rdbostdrdi wotg tgd Bevdrjmdjt `ji tg`t jejd aut ` Hgojdsd m`y

ad tgd gdì ef ` shgeen oj Hgoj`* @ ae`ri ef hejtren ef foftddj mdm-

adrs. dobgt ef wgem `rd Hgojdsd. w`s j`mdi* @ Hgojdsd w`s hgesdj

`s Srdsoidjt te suhhddi Ir* J`jhd* Ygd jdw gdì ef tgd shgeen w`s

`j `numjus ef tgd ujovdrsoty. Sref* _* H _`jb* Ir* J`jhd hejtojudi

oj gos jdw h`p`hoty `s tgd se-h`nndi @mdroh`j @ivosdr*

Rotg tgdsd hg`jbds. suakdht te tgd pdrm`jdjt `pprev`n ef tgd

Ae`ri ef Mossoejs. Xeehgew Tjovdrsoty hejtojudi te epdr`td. `ji `n-

rdìy gì epdjdi ots f`nn sdmdstdr tg`t @ubust wotg `j djrennmdjt

`ppre`hgojb jerm`n. tgdrd adojb 070 henndbd stuidjts `ji 198 oj tgd

prdp`r`tery shgeen* Ygd hg`jbds wdrd jet rdvenutoej`ry. adhùsd Ir*

J`jhd `s ìvosdr hejtojudi `s vortu`n gdì ef tgd shgeen*

Ojhdptoejef ` mevdmdjt

sddlojbte àenosg `nn

sdht`ro`j nojds oj

ferdobj mossoej werl oj Hgoj` rdsuntdi. oj Xg`jbgò oj Ehteadr 0?12.

oj ` hejfdrdjhd `mejb jojdty-feur Hgojdsd idndb`tds frem `nn p`rts ef

tgd hejtojdjt* Ygdsd idndb`tds. rdprdsdjtojb soxtddj idjemoj`toejs.

vetdi te iossenvd tgdor eni st`tus `ji erb`jozd tgd Hgurhg ef Hgrost oj

Hgoj`* Ygdor idhosoej wretd fojos te tgd werl ef tgd Srdsaytdro`j.

Hejbrdb`toej`n `ji etgdr idjemoj`toej`n ojstotutoejs `s suhg. `nn nesojb



HGQOXY EF YGD HGOJ@ QE@I 078

tgdor oidjtoty oj tgd jdw jej-sdht`ro`j erb`joz`toej* Ygd mevd. O

adnodvd. gì tgd funn suppert ef tgd gemd effohds ef tgesd mossoejs oj

tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `ji Brd`t Arotòj*

Ygd Qdv* Ir* D* H* Neadjstmd. Srdsaytdro`j ndìdr wge gì kust

rdturjdi frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. teni md tg`t gos erb`joz`toej w`s

vortu`nny spejserojb suhg ` stdp* Ygos `htoej. nejb `jtohop`tdi. hrys-

t`nnozdi dfferts te dstànosg `j djtordny Hgojdsd Hgrosto`j Hgurhg wotg

`ffono`toejs àreì aut jet hejtrenndi oj futurd ay `jy ejd jet Hgojdsd*

Jdvdrtgdndss. tgd mevdmdjt hejtojudi te rdhdovd ferdobj suppert

foj`jho`nny `s wdnn `s tgd `ssost`jhd ef ferdobj mossoej`ry ìvosdrs*

Ygd ferdobjdrs wge gì addj hejiuhtojb tgd mossoej`ry werl ujton

tgdj idhn`rdi tg`t tgdor dnomoj`toej `s tgd hejtrennojb gdìs ef tgd

v`roeus mossoejs gì nejb addj dxpdhtdi `ji f`verdi* M`jy ef tgdsd

sòi tg`t tgdy f`verdi g`vojb tgd Hgojdsd ìmojostdr tgdor ewj Hgros-

to`j ojstotutoejs. `ji tgd seejdr tgd adttdr* Ygd A`ptosts `ji tgd fdw

Mdtgeiosts wge `ttdjidi tgd hejfdrdjhd ojsostdi tg`t tgdy wdrd prdsdjt

mdrdny `s easdrvdrs. `ji tg`t tgdor idjemoj`toejs wdrd jet ydt funny

prdp`rdi te mdrbd wotg tgd etgdrs ojte tgd jdw `ji ujofodi `sseho`-

toej oj tgd Erodjt*

M`jy mossoej`rods. gewdvdr. peojtdi eut tg`t ìv`jt`bds ef tgd

jej-sdht`ro`j erb`joz`toej ojhnuidi tgd rdmev`n ef tgd v`rodi idjemo-

j`toej`n td`hgojbs wgohg gì `nw`ys addj mystofyojb te tgd Hgojdsd

wgem tgdy seubgt te hejvdrt* Ygd hejfdrdjhds ojvenvdi merd tg`j

0.333 hgurhgds oj 06 prevojhds oj Hgoj`. rdprdsdjtojb `pprexom`tdny

ejd-tgori ef tgd Sretdst`jt mossoej`rods tgdrd* Ygdsd adh`md ì-

vosdrs. aut tgd he`notoej md`jt nottnd ir`stoh hg`jbd ommdio`tdny dxhdpt

oj tgdor totnds* @ Hgojdsd Meidr`ter. tgd Qdv* Mr* Hg`jb Hgdjb-yo.

w`s dndhtdi ay tgd idndb`tds*

Ygd hejfdrdjhd ossudi ` summ`ry ef ots werl. s`yojb ; Ygd hgurhg

`t prdsdjt stonn jddis ferdobj òi+ Aut tgd mdmadrs sgeuni ujidrt`ld

tgd rdspejsoaonotyef iosmossojb idjemoj`toej`nosm `ji hrdi`n strofd

`ji sdt je nomots te tgd `htovoty ef tgd sporot ef Bei oj tgd woid

spgdrd ef gum`j `htovoty* Ot os jet tg`t tgd hgurhg sgeuni djtdr

penotohs.aut ojiovoiu`ns oj ot must f`hd tgdsd jdw rdspejsoaonotods* Fer-

dobjdrs `rd urbdi te ad p`todjt `ji te hejtojud wotg dvdj brd`tdr

djdrby oj tgdor werl*

Yg`t Idhdmadr `jetgdr breup ef ferdobj mossoej ojstotutoejs keojdi

tgd jdw Hgurhg ef Hgrost oj Hgoj`* Ir* Neadjstojd. Xdhrdt`ry ef tgd




J`toej`n Hgurhg Heujhon oj Hgoj`. `jjeujhdi tg`t tgd Djbnosg A`ptost

Mossoej oj Xg`jtujb Srevojhd gì vetdi tekeoj

tgd jdw jej-sdht`ro`j

Hgojdsd Hgrosto`j Hgurhg*

Ygd `jjeujhdmdjt sòi; Ygos os tgd forst h`sd oj tgd gostery ef

tgd hgurhg wgdrd ` breup ef A`ptost hgurhgds g`s ferm`nny ujotdi wotg

tgd Hejbrdb`toej`n. Srdsaytdro`j `ji Qdferm Hgurhgds* @ fdw yd`rs

`be oj H`jì` tgd Mdtgeiost Hgurhg keojdi wotg tgd Hejbrdb`toej`n.

osts `ji tgd Srdsaytdro`js. `ji tgd Tjotdi Hgurhg ef H`jì` Mossoej

oj Hgoj` os jew keojojb wotg eur Hgurhg ef Hgrost. tgus hemaojojb

oj tgos ejd hgurhg tgd Hejbrdb`toej`nosts. Srdsaytdro`j `ji tgesd wge

wdrd fermdrny Mdtgeiosts `ji A`ptosts*

Ygd `jjeujhdmdjt `nse peojtdi eut tg`t tgd Xg`jtujb A`ptosts

`rd ` ar`jhg ef tgd Djbnosg Hgurhg `ji sgeuni jet ad hejfusdi wotg

tgd Xeutgdrj A`ptost Mossoej frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds* O nd`rjdi.

gewdvdr. tg`t tgd @mdroh`j Jertgdrj A`ptosts gì `ppeojtdi ` hem-

mottdd te hejfdr wotg tgd Hgojdsd hejhdrjojb tgdor keojojb tgd jdw

`ji ujofodi hgurhg* Mdmadrs sòi tg`t foj`n `htoej w`s tgdj n`rbdny

idpdjidjt upej tgd gdì effohds ef tgdor idjemoj`toejs `t gemd* Ygd

H`jìo`j Mdtgeiosts oj Xzdhgu`j Srevojhd wdrd hejsoidrojb ` somon`r

mevd*

Ygd mevdmdjt g`s tgd suppert ef tgd m`keroty ef ferdobj mossoej-

`rods ej tgd fodni ef a`ttnd oj @so`* Ygd Hgojdsd Hgrosto`j ndìdrs stonn

dmpg`sozd tgd f`ht tg`t tgdy g`vd je idsord tespnot wotg tgd wdstdrj

Hgrosto`js. aut mdrdny idsord te hemaojd tgdor m`jy ioshejhdrtojb

hrddis ojte ejd Hgrosto`j hgurhg iordhtdi ay Hgojdsd wge fer tgd tomd

adojb wonn g`vd jumdreus wdstdrj ìvosdrs*

Ygd ìiotoej ef etgdr ferdobj mossoejs w`s rdb`ridi `s `j ojioh`-

toej tg`t tgd j`toej-woid h`mpòbj fer ujoty `mejb tgd mossoej`rods

w`s r`poiny fruhtofyojb*

Xemd nottnd ojtdrdst w`s hrd`tdi ay tgd vosot ef @rhgaosgep Hej-

st`jtojo. rdprdsdjt`tovd ef Sepd Sous WO. wge wdjt te Hgoj` ej teur

d`rny oj 0?1? `ji w`s fdtdi ay tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt oj J`jlojb*

@rhgaosgep Hejst`jtojo h`nndieffoho`nny

ej Srdsoidjt Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl

`t J`jlojb `ji w`s `nse brddtdi ay etgdr gobg mdmadrs ef tgd Bev-

drjmdjt* Gd sòi gd gì hemd te hejvdy pdrsej`nny tgd beei wosgds

ef tgd Sepd*

@rhgaosgep Hejst`jtojo sòi ef gos mossoej te Srdsoidjt Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl ;



HGQOXY EF YGD H G O J @ QE@O: 074

O iddm ot ` brd`t gejer te ad gdrd `s tgd rdprdsdjt`tovd ef Gos

Genojdss. Sepd Sous WO. tgd gobgdst ùtgeroty ef tgd H`tgenoh Fòtg

oj tgd werni* Rg`t gepd tgd Sepd djtdrtòjs tew`ri Hgoj` g`s addj

st`tdi hnd`rny oj gos horhun`r tdndbr`m ef @ubust 0. 0?17* O `m gdrd

te hejvdy pdrsej`nny tgd wosgds ef tgd Sepd*

Ot os ` brd`t pnd`surd te sdd pd`hd rdsterdi `ji ujofoh`toej dffdhtdi

oj tgos heujtry* Ot os my sojhdrd gepd tg`t tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt

mobgt gdì tew`ri tgd w`y ef rdferm `ji rdhejstruhtoej. tgus dstà-

nosgojb tgd pdrm`jdjt feuji`toej ef tgd j`toej*

@ntgeubg H`tgenoh prodsts wge `rd jew prd`hgojb oj Hgoj` adnejb

te ioffdrdjt j`toej`notods. tgdor òm os ejd. tg`t os. te hejvdy te tgd

Hgojdsd m`ssds tgd Bespdn ef Hgrost wgohg os ejd ef fr`tdrj`n nevd `ji

dqu`noty* Ygd H`tgenoh rdnoboej ljews je j`toej`n er r`ho`n ioshromoj`-

toej `ji ot os ` rdnoboej upgeniojb tgd dqu`noty ef m`jloji*

Rd. `s prodsts. g`vd je ojtdjtoej ef ojtdrfdrojb oj tgd penotohs `ji

iopnem`hy ef `jy j`toej `ji eur `ttotuid os ejd ef àsenutd omp`r-

to`noty* Rd `rd rdìy te effdr eur dvdry `ssost`jhd te jdwaerj Hgoj`

oj gdr jumdreus rdferms `ji t`sls ef rdhejstruhtoej* Rd pr`y fer

Bei"s andssojb upej tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd oj eridr te djànd tgdm te

djkey pdrm`jdjt pd`hd `ji eridr* Rd `nse pr`y tg`t Hgoj` m`y ad

dstànosgdi ej `j dqu`n feetojb wotg etgdr Sewdrs. tgus djsurojb pd`hd

oj tgd wgend werni*

Ygd mossoej`ry shdjd g`s hg`jbdi wotg tgd tomds. ef heursd* Ejd

dvoidjhd ef tgd ojiuhtoej ef Hgojdsd Hgrosto`js ojte sdrvohd fer tgd

fòtg ef eur f`tgdrs ehhurrdi jet nejb `be* O s`w ` arodf otdm àeut

ot oj ` iòny jdwsp`pdr oj Mo`mo. Fneroi`* Ygd iosp`thg w`s frem

V`toh`j Hoty `ji rdn`tdi gew Sepd Sous WO gì sdt ` jdw prdhdidjt

fer tgd Geny Xdd wotg tgd ferm`n `ppeojtmdjt ef ` Hgojdsd H`tgenoh te

`j effohd gobg oj S`p`n horhnds* Ygd m`j w`s Mr* Ne S` Gejb. `

hotozdj ef semd wd`ntg oj Xg`jbgò*

Gd w`s hrd`tdi tgd Sepd"s Srov`td V`ndt ef tgd Xweri `ji H`pd*

Ygd `hheujt ojioh`tdi tg`t tgos w`s tgd forst tomd tg`t ` jej-wgotd

g`s dvdr addj `hheridi tg`t gejer ay ` Sepd* Ot sddms tg`t Mr*

Gejb. `s tgd rdpert h`nndi gom. w`s Srdsoidjt ef tgd H`tgenoh @htoej

Xehodty ef Hgoj` `ji ` frdqudjt `ji n`rbd hejtroauter te tgd foj`j-

ho`n suppert ef tgd H`tgenoh mossoejs oj Hgoj`*

Aetg H`tgenoh `ji Sretdst`jt Hgojdsd `rd snewny mevojb merd `ji

merd ojte premojdjhd aut dvdj se. tgdor rdnoboeus fdrver os jet ydt

wg`t tgd mossoej`rods heuni wosg ot* Yg`t wonn rdquord muhg tomd.



09 YGD M@QOJDX BDY BEOJB

YGDLuemojt`jb Qdvenutoej djbunfdi Sdlojb d`rny oj Kujd. 0?17*

Ygd `jhodjt h`pot`n fdnn ej Kujd 7 ef tg`t memdjteus yd`r* Ygd

K`p`jdsd `t ejhd adh`md sdroeus* Ygdy djtdrdi tgd pohturd ej

tgd @so`toh mòjn`ji oj ` idtdrmojdi w`y. dspdho`nny `reuji Sdlojb

`ji Yodjtsoj `ji jertg ef tgd Brd`t R`nn oj tgd Ygrdd D`stdrj Srev-

.jhds ljewj `s M`jhguro`* Ygdy g`vd sojhd. `s `nn ljew. `jjdxdi

tgos p`rtohun`rfht

spgdrd ef ojfnudjhd `ji rdj`mdi ot M`jhgulue*

Ygd wddls ef Kujd wdrd hr`mmdi wotg dxhotdmdjt `ji dvdjts ef

gosteroh sobjofoh`jhd* Eni Sdlojb fdnn. tgeubg jet wotgeut ` jeand

strubbnd. `ji tgd Xeutgdrj ferhds rdpndjosgdi frem prevojhds `nn `nejb

tgd nejb trdl frem tgd Sd`rn Qovdr `t H`jtej keyeusny m`rhgdi ay

tgd tgeus`jis tgreubg tgesd stdrj eni b`tds. sw`rmojb dvdrywgdrd oj

prefusd djkeymdjt ef tgdor g`ri feubgt vohtery*

Ygd mdj wdrd g`ppy `t bòjojb tgdor be`n. `ji ef neetojb er ef

prepdrty i`m`bd tgdrd w`s nottnd oj tgesd wojiojb eni `vdjuds se

str`jbd te tgd jdw a`tt`noejs notdr`nny frem `jetgdr heujtry oj tgd iddpseutg ef Hgoj`* Ferdobjdrs wdrd ujg`rmdi* Xemd wdrd snobgtny ios-

hemmeidi fer ` i`y er twe aut jejd. `s f`r `s O ljew. w`s ojkurdi

er nest `j `pprdhoànd `meujt ef prepdrty. of `jy* @ji tg`t. oj tomd

ef w`r. os jet usu`n* Aut tgd treeps. vohteroeus `ji ojhnojdi te ad

r`mp`jt. wdrd b`y* G`rm te tgesd wge gì rdmòjdi w`s f`r frem

tgdor tgeubgts oj tgd wddl tg`t Sdlojb fdnn*

Eni M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj. tgd idfd`tdi w`r neri frem M`j-

hguro`. s`w tgd fobgt w`s vòj* Gd fndi a`hl tew`ri gos ewj h`pot`nef Mulidj. àevd tgd Brd`t R`nn ef tg`t Hgoj` wgohg tgd eni arob`jigì gepdi te rund `s ydt `jetgdr M`jhgu dmpdrer ej tgd Ir`bejYgrejd oj Sdlojb* Aut M`rsg`n Hg`jb jdvdr novdi te sdd gos ewj

h`pot`n `bòj. `ji tgdrd `rd m`jy wge stonn s`y ot w`s aì kess 'onn

nuhl/ fer gom dvdr te g`vd ndft tgd pd`hdfun pnòjs ef M`jhguro` wgdrd

gd w`s ioht`ter*

0X6



YGD M@QOJDX BDY BEOJB 072

Ygd he`hg ej wgohg tgd M`rsg`n w`s fnddojb tew`ri gemd w`s

mystdroeusny an`stdi te aots ej tgd eutslorts ef Mulidj kust `s tgd

tròj w`s àeut te djtdr tgd hoty* M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj w`s lonndi.

`s ir`m`toh`nny `ji mystdroeusny `s gd gì novdi te rosd frem a`jiot

oj M`jhguro` te tgd m`j wge weuni ad lojb evdr tgd Hgojdsd. tgdor

rundr `ji dmpdrer oj Sdlojb ` meidrj9f

Xej ef Gd`vdj*"+ Ojstdì.

gd iodi* Ygd dxpnesoej w`s `t i`wj ej tgd merjojb ef Kujd 9*

Ygd ferdobj treeps oj Hgoj` adh`md ojtdrdstdi oj tgd r`poi idvdn-

epmdjts `reuji Sdlojb tg`t wddl< `ji se ioi O* Rgdj weri h`md

tg`t eni M`rsg`n Hg`jb gì t`ldj ` prov`td tròj `ji fndi. wd rd`nozdi

tg`t tgojbs wdrd idhoidiny pohlojb up oj tgd jertg* @ji wgdj wd

gd`ri oj Xg`jbgò. jd`rny 0333 monds te tgd seutg. tg`t oj gos fnobgt

frem Sdlojb tgd eni seniodr-arob`ji-ioht`ter gì addj `ss`ssoj`tdi.

tgdrd w`s aut ejd tgojb fer md te ie* Nold tgd M`rojds `ji tgd J`vy.

O wdjt te tgd shdjd forst te Yodjtsoj `ji tgdj `hress Sdohgogno A`y

te M`jhguro`. n`jiojb oj tgd K`p`jdsd-ewjdi pert ef Iòrdj jd`r Sert

@rtgur*

O bet `w`y ej ` hrewidi std`mdr `ji sndpt oj tgd noar`ry er ej

idhl hgòrs* Ot os fojd wd`tgdr oj d`rny Kujd `nejb tgd Hgoj` He`st*

Kust adferd wd ndft. O m`y dxpnòj tgd jertgdrj irovd ay tgd Luemoj-

t`jb `rmods `nejb twe m`ker s`nodjts w`s rdsumdi tew`ri Sdlojb*

O `nse w`jt te strdss gdrd tgd `ttotuid ef eur ewj. tgd Arotosg `ji tgd

K`p`jdsd ferhds eut tgdrd `t tg`t ompert`jt kujhturd oj tgd rdvenutoej

Ygd pessoaonoty ef @mdroh`"s keojojb wotg tgd Arotosg oj sdjiojb

`t nd`st p`rt ef tgd treeps idfdjiojb Xg`jbgò jertgw`ri w`s ojhrd`s-

ojb iòny. `ji tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds wdrd seej eridrdi te Yodjt-

soj* Ygd tgd`tdr ef tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej r`poiny sgoftdi jertg-

w`ri `ji aetg tgd Arotosg `ji tgd @mdroh`j j`v`n `ji monot`ry ùtger-

otods wdrd ojhnojdi te vodw tgd sotu`toej oj tgd Sdlojb-Yodjtsoj `rd`

wotg gdobgtdjdi ojtdrdst of jet `htu`n `pprdgdjsoej fer tgd s`fdty ef

tgd m`jy ferdobjdrs hejhdjtr`tdi tgdrd*

Ygd Arotosg sdjt twe a`tt`noejs jertgw`ri* Ejd prehddidi te

tgdor jertgdrj a`sd `t tgd tewj ef Rdo-Gò-Rdo. `ji tgd sdheji wdjt

te Yodjtsoj* M`ker-Bdjdr`n Kegj Iujh`j. hgodf oj hemm`ji ef tgdor

ferhds oj Hgoj`. sòndi fer Yodjtsoj `hhemp`jodi ay Vosheujt Bert. gos

hgodf-ef-st`ff. `ji `j `vo`toej rdhejjòs`jhd effohdr* Ygd i`jbdr oj

tgd jertg w`s adnodvdi te ad somon`r te tg`t wgohg gì mdj`hdi Xg`jb-

gò ` yd`r er se adferd. wgdj tgd rdvenutoej swdpt evdr tgd _`jbtzd




V`nndy `ji djbunfdi tg`t hoty* @ n`rbd ferhd. tgdrdferd. w`s sdjt te

tgd Sdlojb-Yodjtsoj `rd`* Brd`t Arotòj. `ji Tjotdi Xt`tds. Fr`jhd

`ji K`p`j heepdr`tdi oj tgos mevdmdjt ef treeps `ji m`rojds*

Oj tgdsd mevdmdjts tgd T* X* M`rojds sdjt ejd rdbomdjt te Yodj-

tsoj* Ot w`s tgd 6tg rdbomdjt. tgd mdj sònojb ej ae`ri tgd tr`jspert

Gdjidrsej* Bdjdr`n Xmdindy Autndr. oj hemm`ji ef tgd T* X*

M`rojds oj Hgoj`. rdturjdi frem tgd jertg `ji `rr`jbdi idtòns ef tgd

sgoft* @htojb Hejsun-Bdjdr`n Hn`rdjhd Bùss w`s tr`jsfdrrdi te Yodj-

tsoj oj moi-Kujd. fermdr Hejsun-Bdjdr`n Diwoj X* Hujjojbg`m. wge

gì gdni tgd Xg`jbgò pest fer yd`rs. rdturjojb frem ` nd`vd ef

àsdjhd*

@nse. sox Tjotdi Xt`tds idstreydrs wdrd hejhdjtr`tdi `t Hgdfee.

tgdor jertgdrj summdr a`sd adnew Yodjtsoj* Ygdsd ojhnuidi tgd T* X*

X* Gurnadrt. wgohg w`s `nrdìy tgdrd. `ji fovd etgdrs* Ygdy wdrd tgd

f`meus T* X* X* Je`. wgohg fordi iurojb tgd J`jlojb Ojhoidjt merd

tg`j ` yd`r adferd< tgd Sùn Kejds. tgd Srdand. tgd Srdstej `ji tgd

Sruott*

Ygd djtord eutneel ef tgd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej turjdi jertgw`ri. `s

` rdsunt ef eptomostoh rdperts frem aetg J`jlojb `ji G`jlew* Mdj

`t aetg rdvenutoej`ry hdjtdrs hnòmdi vohterods `nn `nejb tgd nojds ef

tgd twe reutds ef `tt`hl tew`ri Sdlojb. tgd be`n fer se m`jy yd`rs oj

tgos surbd tew`ri pewdr evdr `nn Hgoj`* Ejd nojd ef m`rhg w`s jertg

frem G`jlew `nejb tgd ojn`ji rònreì te Sdlojb; tgd etgdr w`s up

frem J`jlojb. tgreubg Xg`jtujb Srevojhd. `nejb tgd sd` he`st ojte

Yodjtsoj `ji tgdjhd te Sdlojb. ndss tg`j 033 monds `w`y* M`rsg`n

Fdjb _u-gso`jb"s irovd `reuji Hgdjbhgew oj tgd hdjtr`n-Hgoj` reutd.

w`s `pp`rdjtny prebrdssojb f`veràny `ji tgd M`jhgu treeps rdoj-

ferhojb tgd Jertgdrjdrs wdrd aettndi up adyeji Lujb-gsodj ej tg`t

s`nodjt*

Ygd Luemojt`jb mdj `ppd`rdi `nse te g`vd aurodi tgd g`thgdt `t

n`st `ji te ad idtdrmojdi te be `gdì wotg tgd a`ttnd fer Sdlojb wotg-

eut furtgdr ojtdrj`n squàands* J`jlojb `ji G`jlew sddmdi te ad

oj `hheri `s f`r `s tgd jertgdrj dxpdiotoej w`s hejhdrjdi*

@ prejeujhdmdjt w`s ossudi ay tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`j-

lojb sddlojb te hnd`r up ejhd `ji fer `nn tgd J`jlojb eutr`bds ef

tgd prdvoeus yd`r* Ygd Arotosg ùtgerotods hejiuhtdi ujeffoho`n hej-

vdrs`toejs wotg tgdm `ji ` puanoh st`tdmdjt ej tg`t treuandsemd oj-

hoidjt oj tgd rdvenutoej w`s tgd rdsunt* @ sdttndmdjt. `t nd`st `s f`r



YGD M@QOJDX BDY BEOJB 07?

`s tgd Arotosg wdrd hejhdrjdi. w`s foj`nny `rr`jbdi* @ Xdttndmdjt

Hemmossoej ef Hgojdsd `ji ferdobjdrs w`s dvdjtu`nny `ppeojtdi te

`rr`jbd tgd h`sg p`ymdjts te ad mìd*

Ot w`s bdjdr`nny adnodvdi tgdj oj effoho`n horhnds oj Hgoj` tg`t tgd

rd`sej fer tgd hejhdjtr`toej ef ` n`rbd ferdobj idfdjsd ferhd oj er jd`r

Yodjtsoj w`s tgd pretdhtoej ef ferdobj novds `ji prepdrty oj tgd dvdjt

ef ` Jertgdrj treep ida`hnd* Ygd wgend mevd w`s `s muhg `bòjst

i`jbdr frem Jertgdrj Hgojdsd treeps wge gì te fndd. `s `bòjst tgd

vohteroeus `ji ìv`jhojb Xeutgdrjdrs oj tgd Luemojt`jb @rmy*

Gobgojtdrdst

w`s dvojhdioj

Xg`jbgòevdr

Srdsoidjt Heenoibd"s

`pprev`n ef tgd Xt`td Idp`rtmdjt"s pn`j oj 0?17 te rdmevd eur Ndb`-

toej frem Sdlojb te semd peojt ej tgd he`st. ieuatndss Yodjtsoj* Ygd

neh`n rd`htoej w`s v`rodi oj tgd dxtrdmd. gewdvdr. `ji O feuji tg`t

hdrtòj @mdroh`js `s wdnn `s Arotosg wdrd ojhnojdi te hrotohozd wg`t

tgdy rdb`ridi `s ` furtgdr ojioh`toej ef R`sgojbtej"s rdfus`n te t`ld

` form st`ji fer tgd pretdhtoej ef @mdroh`j ojtdrdsts oj Hgoj`* Xtonn

etgdrs tdjidi te tgd vodw tg`t

R`sgojbtejw`s

dmojdjtnyherrdht. dvdj

ejd gobg Arotosg effoho`n ìmottojb tg`t tgdrd sddmdi te ad vdry nottnd

usd oj mòjtòjojb tgd Ndb`toejs oj Sdlojb wgdj tgdrd w`s `pp`rdjtny

je dffert mìd ay tgd Hgojdsd oj pewdr tgdrd tew`ri tgd mòjtdj`jhd

ef ` hovon ferm ef bevdrjmdjt*

Qd`r-@imor`n K* Q* _* An`ldny. oj hemm`ji ef eur nobgt hruosdr

squìrej ej tgd Hgoj` he`st. sòndi àe`ri tgd hruosdr Qohgmeji. `ji

`s tgd

r`jlojbj`v`n effohdr w`s oj hemm`ji ef tgd j`v`n `ji m`rojd

ferhds `t Yodjtsoj* Qdperts pdrsostdi tg`t tgd Arotosg weuni sdji `t

nd`st feur a`tt`noejs jertg* Ygdor gdìqu`rtdrs. gewdvdr. ojsostdi ejny

twe weuni ad iosp`thgdi* Ygos w`s iejd*

Md`jwgond. ` K`p`jdsd ferhd ef 1333 mdj `rrovdi `t tgd pert ef

Ysojbtè oj Xg`jtujb Srevojhd* Qdperts ojioh`tdi tg`t fddnojb w`s

rujjojb gobg `bòjst K`p`j"s rdturjojb te Xg`jtujb. `ji idmejstr`-

toejs

`mejbtgd Hgojdsd sgewdi ` rdjdwdi

pepun`r `jtop`tgytew`ri

tgos suiidj mevd*

Ygd ojtdroer sdhters `ppd`rdi quodt* Ejd iosp`thg frem G`jlew+.

gdìqu`rtdrs fer tg`t s`nodjt. `ssdrtdi tg`t M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb

gì rdpertdi gos h`pturd ef Ney`jb. wgohg sddmdi preaànd oj vodw ef

tgd stoff fobgtojb oj tg`t `rd` fer i`ys* @jetgdr tdndbr`m frem tgdrd

ìvosdi tg`t Hgojdsd Hemmujosts oj tgd tewjs ef Hg`jbsg`. Xojbt`j.



0?3 YGD IQ@BEJ XYOQX

_oy`jb. Sojb-lo`jb. Hg`jbtdg `ji Nojy`jb gì addj eustdi ay tgd

H`jtejdsd treeps. wge tgdj prehddidi te ferm ujoejs*

Eur he`st`n p`hldt jesdi p`st Y`jblu A`r tgrdd i`ys `ftdr wd

ndft Xg`jbgò. oj d`rny Kujd `ji wd todi up `nejbsoid Y`jblu. pert ef

Yodjtsoj semd dobgtddj monds iewj tgd Gò-ge Qovdr ej tgd sd` Ygdrd

w`s stonn hejsoidrànd fobgtojb beojb ej adtwddj tgd he`st `ji Yodjtsoj

`s tgd Luemojt`jb ferhds pusgdi ej `ftdr tgd r`poiny fnddojb Jertgdrj

treeps. wge wdrd nd`vojb oj ` iosporotdi reut* @s ` rdsunt. tgdrd w`s

je `pp`rdjt w`y te bdt up rovdr te Yodjtsoj. `ji ejhd tgdrd. tgdrd w`s

je w`y te bdt ej evdr te Sdlojb. àeut jojdty monds furtgdr ojn`ji oj

wg`t w`s tgdj Hgogno Srevojhd. jew h`nndi Gepdo*@ yeujb Iuthgm`j. Qohg`ri Ardotdjstdoj. `ji O wdjt `sgerd te

rdhejjeotdr. tgdrd adojb jetgojb dnsd te ie Yròj sdrvohd `t tgd st`-

toej w`s iosgdi fer tgd memdjt jejd ljdw wgdj er of ` tròj weuni

ruj* Xemd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds wdrd iewj fer tgd mòn. gewdvdr.

`ji tgdy gd`ri ef eur pnobgt* Ejd teni md tg`t tgdrd w`s ` T* X*

M`rojd `vo`toej a`sd jd`ray. st`toejdi eppesotd tgd neh`n Xt`ji`ri Eon

pn`jt ej tgd sd`he`st*

Rotgeut idn`y wd w`nldi evdr tgdrd. ` sgert iost`jhd* Ygdrd wdrd

` iezdj er merd M`rojd òrpn`jds `t tg`t pest tgdj. `ji tgdy prevdi

` nofds`vdr* Rd `rr`jbdi te fny te Yodjtsoj ` fnobgt wgohg teel àeut

twdjty mojutds. iordhtny `hress tgd hn`sgojb nojds forojb `t ejd `jetgdr

adnew* Rd fndw oj `j epdj sgop. semd 1.433 fddt up. `ji `ntgeubg wd

bet ` beei vodw ef tg`t sdhter oj `htoej. tgd M`rojd fnodr `ji O wdrd

gobg djeubg te ad eut ef bujsget r`jbd `ji pdrfdhtny s`fd* Rd s`w

` K`p`jdsd idstreydr oj tgd Gò-ge rdpnyojb te sgets frem tgd a`jls

Ygd pn`jd mìd `vònànd te md w`s `j `mpgoao`j wgohg gì te

be up te gdìqu`rtdrs `jyw`y. `ji O w`s oj nuhl* Rd teel eff frem

tgd Gò-ge 'ge md`js rovdr oj Jertg Hgoj`/ `t Y`jblu `ji ndss

tg`j ` g`nf geur n`tdr n`jidi ej tgd Q`hd Heursd eutsoid Yodjtsoj*

O tg`jldi tgd M`rojd fnodr. ` H`ptòj. `ji bet ` t`xo oj te tewj*

Ygdrd. O feuji O heuni jet bdt up te Sdlojb fer sdvdr`n i`ys* Xe O

rdbostdrdi `t tgd @ster Getdn. a`tgdi `ji turjdi oj. bnì ef ` adi

`ftdr snddpojb fotfunny `ji funny hnetgdi ej idhl hgòrs sojhd nd`vojb

Xg`jbgò*



04 YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NOJ

M_`rrov`n oj Yodjtsoj w`s ej Kujd 03 ef tg`t str`jbd mejtg

oj 0?17. twe i`ys `ftdr Sdlojb gì addj t`ldj evdr ay Bdj-

dr`n _dj Gso-s`j. gomsdnf ` Jertgdrj bevdrjer oj Xg`jso

Srevojhd jd`ray. aut `nnodi wotg tgd Luemojt`jb* Ygd dx-heenod wge

adh`md Bevdrjer ef Xg`jtujb. M`rsg`n Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb. w`s stonn

geniojb Yodjtsoj. aut gd. tee. gì te fndd wotgoj tgd wddl. `ji gos

treeps wdjt evdr te tgd vohters* Xemd fndi. aut oj tgd mòj tgdy

mdrdny rdhebjozdi ` jdw hgodftòj*

Ygd m`j wge ehhupodi Yodjtsoj w`s Bdjdr`n Fu Yse-yo. ` meej-

f`hdi aut stdrj monot`ry m`j wgesd treeps wdrd ney`n te gom `ji tgd

Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej* Bdjdr`n Fu w`s j`mdi tgd jdw Idfdjsd

Hemmossoejdr. `ji O wdjt eut oj tgd j`tovd hoty `reuji tgd ferdobj

hejhdssoejs ef Yodjtsoj te sdd gom tgd jdxt i`y* Gos òms wdrd jet

`jto-ferdobj. gd sòi. `ji gos treeps wdrd teni te rdspdht ferdobj prep-

drty tgdrd* Hdrtòjny je ejd seubgt te g`rm md oj tgd trop te tgd

Bdjdr`n"s y`mdj. er gdìqu`rtdrs. tgreubg tgd j`rrew j`tovd

`vdjuds*

Ygd Hemmossoejdr ioi jet ljew wgdtgdr tgd vohteroeus m`rhg

weuni hejtojud tgdj te prdss ej p`st tgd Brd`t R`nn `ji ojte M`j-

hguro`. wgdrd eni M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj gì kust addj lonndi* Jejd

oj Yodjtsoj tgdj ljdw er weuni hemmdjt ej tgos p`rt ef tgd rdvenu-

toej< tgdy sddmdi te fddn. gewdvdr. tg`t geniojb Sdlojb `ji Yodjtsoj

weuni lddp tgdor treeps ehhupodi fer tgd jdxt fdw mejtgs* Ygdrd w`s

stonn semd nottnd fobgtojb beojb ej oj tgd eutslorts ef Yodjtsoj. `ji tgd

seuji ef sgeetojb heuni eftdj ad gd`ri*

O rdh`nn teurojb tgd ferdobj idfdjsds n`td ejd jobgt. er kust adferd

i`wj. wgond iost`jt rofnd ford w`s ùioand aut jetgojb ef ompert`jhd

ehhurrdi wotgoj tgd hejhdssoej `rd`* Jetgojb aut tgd usu`n reuji ef

ujaroindi bòdty wotg wgohg tgd ferdobjdrs @mdroh`js. Arotosg.

Frdjhg. Bdrm`js. `ji Qusso`js seubgt `j eutndt frem tgd oindjdss

0?0




`nw`ys ferhdi ej hemmdrhd ay w`rf`rd* Ygdy i`jhdi gdrd `ji tgdrd

oj tgd g`nns r`tgdr t`wiry wgdj hemp`rdi te tgd merd nuxuroeus

pn`hds fer wgohg

Xg`jbgò

g`s adhemd ljewj `ji mest ef tgdm spdjt

geurs `t jumdreus Hgojdsd b`manojb geusds. er tgd ejd ruj ay `j

@mdroh`j pdrexoid anejid ef ujhdrtòj vojt`bd `ji vortud oj wg`t

gì addj tgd eni Bdrm`j Hejhdssoej tgdrd* Ot r`j woid epdj. `ji O

w`s ndi `str`y ejd jobgt nejb djeubg te try ` fnojbwotg tgd `nw`ys

f`shoj`tojb nottnd overy a`nn oj reundttd. wgdrd O wej )133 Mdx*. er

àeut )?4 oj T* X* hurrdjhy `t tg`t tomd*

Ot w`s stonn ompessoand te bdt tgreubg te Sdlojb `t tgd dji ef `

wddl. se O ndft fer M`jhguro`* Ygd neh`n herrdspejidjt fer Ygd Jdw

_erl Yomds tgdj h`rrodi ej frem Yodjtsoj. `ji gos hgodf. G`nndtt

@adji. tgdj ` p`rt-tomd m`j oj Jertg Hgoj` wge wotgoj ` fdw mejtgs

w`s te suhhddi md oj `nn @so` wotg gdìqu`rtdrs `t Xg`jbgò. w`s

bdttojb tgd Sdlojb `jbnd eut frem tgdrd* Ygd str`jbd m`jjdr oj

wgohg M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj gì iodi ojtrobudi md. oj `jy h`sd. se

O wdjt te Mulidj te sdd wg`t w`s ehhurrojb `hress Sdohgogno A`y

tgdrd* My hemp`joej. Ardotdjstdoj. wdjt `nejb `ji oj moi-Kujd wd

n`jidi frem ` K`p`jdsd vdssdn `t tgd K`p`jdsd-hejtrenndi hoty ef Iòrdj

`r tgd top ef tgd M`jhguro`j pdjojsun`*

Iòrdj w`s ` meidrj hoty. h`nm. quodt `ji pd`hdfun `ftdr tgd hgès

ef Hgoj`* Ygd K`p`jdsd auont ot up frem nottnd er jetgojb `ji g`vd

tgdor pewdrfun Xeutg M`jhguro` Qònw`y gdìqu`rtdrs tgdrd* Ygdy

wdrd preui ef tgdor werl jet ejny oj Iòrdj aut oj `nn Xeutgdrj M`j-

hguro` wgohg tgdy tgdj hejtrenndi `ji oj `nn fòrjdss. O must s`y gdrd

tg`t tgdy gì. `ji g`vd. ` robgt te ad preui* Ygd `tmespgdrd ef

ojiustry `ji hustem`ry pd`hdtomd pursuots w`s `nn aut evdrwgdnmojb

te ejd kust frdsg frem tgd w`rs ef Hgoj`*

Ye foji eut wg`t w`s a`hl ef `nn tgos `ji wg`t tgd K`p`jdsd oj-

tdjidi te ie of tgd mdj oj tgd Hgojdsd Luemojt`jb trodi te pusg ej

ojte M`jhguro`. O seubgt eut `j eni frodji* Gd w`s Gdjry R*

Lojjdy. `j ìvosdr te tgd Xeutg M`jhguro` Qònw`y. wgem O gìljewj yd`rs adferd oj Yelye* Lojjdy. ` wrotdr. tr`vdnndr. dioter `ji

drstwgond `sseho`td ef tgd n`td K`hl Nejiej wgdj tgd twe wdrd rdso-

idjts ef Gejenunu d`rnodr oj tgos hdjtury. ljdw `nn tgd `jswdrs* Aut

gd ljdw `nse tg`t tgdy weuni seuji adttdr oj @mdroh` of tgdy h`md

frem ` K`p`jdsd* Xe gd ojtreiuhdi md te Mr* _esuld M`tsuel`. tgdj

vohd-prdsoidjt ef tgd X* M* Q* oj Iòrdj. ` K`p`jdsd iopnem`t diuh`tdi



YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NOJ 0?8

oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds* M`tsuel`-X`j suasdqudjtny adh`md werni

f`meus `s tgd gdì ef tgd K`p`jdsd idndb`toej te tgd Nd`bud ef J`-

toejs wgohg w`nldi eut ef tg`t ùbust `ssdmany semd yd`rs `be* Oj

tgd summdr ef 0?93 gd adh`md Ferdobj Mojostdr oj Yelye*

@ gobg idbrdd ef ojtdrdst `ppre`hgojb `jxodty m`rldi tgd K`p`jdsd

`ttotuid `s ojioh`toejs ojhrd`sdi tg`t tgd vohteroeus J`toej`nosts ioi

jet ojtdji te step wotg tgd h`pturd ef Sdlojb. aut wdrd `nrdìy n`yojb

pn`js fer `j ejw`ri pusg ojte Hgoj`"s Ygrdd D`stdrj Srevojhds. er

M`jhguro`* Qdperts puanosgdi woidny oj tgd K`p`jdsd prdss oj Iòrdj

oj 0?17 eutnojdi tgd Xeutgdrjdrs" hejtdmpn`tdi effdjsovd. `ji O feuji

ot `pp`rdjt tg`t prdp`r`toejs wdrd ujidr w`y `t `nn str`tdboh peojts te

mddt tgd hrosos wgohg w`s fd`rdi te ad ommojdjt* Ef heursd. ot fòndi

te m`tdro`nozd*

K`p`j gì idfojotdny idtdrmojdi jet te pdrmot `jytgojb te iosrupt

tgd pd`hd `ji eridr ef M`jhguro`. idtdrmoj`toej mìd hnd`r ay ` fr`jl

idhn`r`toej te md ay M`tsuel`* Ygd epojoej prdvòndi tg`t K`p`j w`s

f`hojb tgd mest hrotoh`n sotu`toej oj gdr

ehhup`toej

ef M`jhguro` sojhd

tgd Qusse-K`p`jdsd R`r oj 0?P9--34. aut effoho`ns prehddidi ej wg`t

w`s bdjdr`nny rdb`ridi `s ` s`jd prebr`m te effsdt tgd pessoaonotods ef

hovon w`r djtdrojb tgd Ygrdd D`stdrj Srevojhds*

Eur penohy. fr`jlny. os pd`hd `t `jy prohd. sòi M`tsuel`* Rd

ojtdji te rdotdr`td. of jdhdss`ry. eur idhn`r`toej jet te pdrmot dotgdr

Mulidj er J`jlojb te h`rry tgd fobgtojb ojte M`jhguro`. Of tgdy

`rd ànd te

bdt tebdtgdr`ji sdttnd tgdor

penotoh`n

ioffdrdjhds

pd`hdfunny.`nn robgt of jet. wd sg`nn hnesd tgd ieer `t Xg`jgòlw`j '`t tgd d`st-

drj dji ef tgd Brd`t R`nn/ `ji jet pdrmot tgd Xeutgdrj `rmods te

p`ss*

M`tsuel` gì addj nejb oj tgd Ferdobj Effohd oj Yelye `ji w`s

`mejb tgesd hnesdst te tgd n`td A`rej Y`j`l`. tgd Srdmodr. `ntgeubg

gd tgdj gdni je penotoh`n pest*

Osj"t tg`t vortu`nny ` pretdhter`td evdr wgedvdr os oj pewdr oj

Mulidj5 O `sldi M`tsuel`*

H`nn ot ` pretdhter`td of yeu wonn%" gd rdpnodi* Rd wonn jet pdr-

mot w`r te iostura M`jhguro`. wgdrd tgd pdepnd `rd pd`hdfun `ji pres-

pdreus* Rd ojtdji te `ssurd pd`hd `t `jy prohd oj M`jhguro`. wgohg

os eur eni `ji nejb dstànosgdi penohy*

O ìmot tg`t tgos os noànd te put us oj `j dma`rr`ssojb pesotoej*




Rd hdrtòjny ie jet idsord te ojtdrfdrd oj Hgojdsd penotohs.`nn tgd

hrotohosm te tgd hejtr`ry jetwotgst`jiojb*

M`tsuel` sòi gd adnodvdi tg`t gd w`s dxprdssojb Yelye"s penohy

wgdj gd idhn`rdi tg`t je Xeutgdrj treeps weuni ad pdrmottdi te p`ss

Xg`jgòlw`j of tgdrd w`s `jy fobgtojb oj tgd effojb*

J`jlojb"s prebr`m tgdj te pusg ej oj furtgdr hejqudsts adyeji

Sdlojb. `s puanosgdi oj tgd K`p`jdsd prdss. w`s te fennew tgos pn`j;

Oj tgd forst nojd ef `tt`hl ujidr Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. gos treeps

weuni ìv`jhd te Xg`jgòlw`j `nejb tgd Sdlojb-Mulidj Qònw`y vo`

Yodjtsoj* @ sdheji breup ujidr M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb weuni

st`rt fer tgd s`md idstoj`toej vo` Yujbhgew. _utodj `ji Fdjbkuj.

Fdjb adojb oj tgd moiind sdhter adtwddj Hgo`jb"s mdj `ji tgesd ef

Bdjdr`n _dj Gso-s`j. Bevdrjer ef Xg`jso Srevojhd `ji Sdlojb"s jdw

rundr. wge w`s iordhtojbtgd tgori ìv`jhd vo` Kdgen Srevojhd. jertg

ef tgd R`nn @jetgdr sobjofoh`jt fd`turd w`s sddj oj tgd p`rtohop`toej

ef Bdjdr`n Sdo Hgujb-gso. tgd m`j wge h`pturdi Xg`jbgò. n`tdr fdnn

eut wotg Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. wdjt te Rug`j `ji w`s tgdj oj Sdlojb*

Ygos ndìdr ef tgd Lw`jbso breup gì nejb addj ` iosturaojb dndmdjt

wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb* Bdjdr`n Sdo w`s sòi te ad ndìojb ` feurtg

dxpdiotoej`ry ferhd `bòjst tgd jertg oj tgd bdjdr`n iordhtoej ef Hgod-

fdjhgew. tgd str`tdby `pp`rdjtny adojb te g`vd gos `rmy rdìy te rd-

ojferhd `jy etgdrs oj tgd dvdjt tg`t tg`t sgeuni ad jdhdss`ry*

Of tgdy bdtoj tgd vohojoty ef Xg`jgòlw`j `ji Mulidj rdfusds

te surrdjidr. sòi M`tsuel`. ot wonn md`j hovon w`r oj M`jhguro` `ji

tgos wd sg`nn àsenutdny jet pdrmot* Rd sg`nn step tgdm `t tgd ieer*

Ygdrd `rd tomds wgdj ` form `ttotuid os dssdjto`n. `ji tgos os ejd ef

tgdm* Rd ie jet w`jt te gdnp `jy f`htoej wotgoj Hgoj`. aut wd g`vd

bet te pretdht tgd pd`hd ef M`jhguro`*

M`tsuel` w`s ujusu`nny fr`jl `ji eutspeldj `s gd rdpnodi te my

qudrods* @sldi wgy gd w`s se dmpg`toh. gd rdotdr`tdi;

Rd must pretdht eur ojtdrdsts oj M`jhguro`*

Ygdj gd prehddidi wotg gos fr`jl `ji sobjofoh`jt st`tdmdjt*

J`tur`nny wd hejsoidr eur ojtdrdsts djeubg rd`sej fer eur `htoej

gdrd. gd sòi* Gewdvdr. wd mobgt `s wdnn ìmot tg`t M`jhguro` os

str`tdboh`nny vot`n te K`p`j ot os eur forst nojd ef idfdjsd* Bdebr`pgo-

h`nny. tgos os trud* Ygdsd `rd tgd f`hts wgohg pdrg`ps wonn hùsd us

dma`rr`ssmdjt. aut wd must f`hd tgd sotu`toej `ji ìmot tg`t tgojbs

`rd `s tgdy `rd*



YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NnL 0?4

Aut ndt md ìi tg`t wd ie jet w`jt turmeon* Rd ie jet w`jt te

ad mosujidrsteei* Rd w`jt pd`hd oj M`jhguro`* Yg`t os `nn*

@jetgdr tgojb wgohg gd fd`rdi mobgt iostura tg`t pd`hd w`s tgd

preaàonoty tg`t Hg`jb Yse-noj. w`rneri ef M`jhguro` `ji drstwgond

Jertgdrj Ioht`ter. w`s idì* @asenutdny jeaeiy wotg ùtgeroty oj

Iòrdj weuni s`y ydt wgdtgdr gd w`s idì er `novd* Dvdj M`tsuel`

ojsostdi tg`t gd heuni jet `shdrtòj tgd trutg*

Gdjhd. tgd omprdssoej w`s brewojb geurny `s je jdws h`md frem

Mulidj etgdr tg`j rumers ejd w`y `ji tgd etgdr hejhdrjojb tgd w`r-

neri"s hejiotoej. tg`t gd gì suhhumadi te tgd weujis gd suffdrdi

wgdj gos tròj w`s aemadi sdvdr`n i`ys d`rnodr `s gd w`s fnddojb frem

Sdlojb te Mulidj* Ygd wgend aemaojb `ffòr w`s surreujidi ay tgd

iddpdst mystdry* Ygesd wge sgeuni g`vd ljewj `nn àeut ot prefdssdi

tgd mest hempndtd objer`jhd. tgd Hgojdsd an`mojb tgd K`p`jdsd `ji

tgd K`p`jdsd adojb ojhnojdi te ojtom`td tg`t Hgojdsd andw up Hg`jb

Yse-noj"s tròj* Aut jeaeiy w`s m`lojb `jy idfojotd st`tdmdjt* Ygd

jdw `nobjmdjt oj M`jhguro`j penotoh`n `ffòrs gì ` sobjofoh`jt dffdht

ej tgd K`p`jdsd pesotoej tgdrd* Gdjhd tgd tdjsdjdss surreujiojb tgd

aemaojb ef tgd eni M`rsg`n. wgohg hejtòjdi tgd sddis ef f`r-rd`hgojb

ojtdrj`toej`n idvdnepmdjts*

O wdjt ej up te Mulidj. wgdrd O feuji tg`t yeujb Bdjdr`n Hg`jb

Gsudg-no`jb. ` h`pànd yeutg tgdj stonn oj gos twdjtods. gì suhhddidi

gos pohturdsqud f`tgdr `s Bevdrjer ef Fdjbtodj `ji Ioht`ter ef M`j-

hguro`* Mulidj tg`t moi-Kujd w`s arobgt wotg fovd-a`rrdi fn`bs.dm-

andms ef Hgoj`"s forst rdpuanoh ay tg`t tomd fnyojb ejny oj tgd h`pot`ns

ef tgesd Ygrdd D`stdrj Srevojhds hdndar`tojb tgd ferm`n `jjeujhd-

mdjt ef tgd ìvdjt ef ` jdw rundr*

Ygdrd w`s ` semadr jetd oj tgd surf`hd bòdty. gewdvdr. aerj ef

hdrtòjty tg`t tgd eni M`rsg`n w`s idì idspotd tgd effoho`n prejeujhd-

mdjt tg`t gos sej w`s `ssumojb tgd ioht`tersgop adhùsd ef gos f`tgdr"s

hrotoh`n hejiotoej* Ygdrd w`s ` furtgdr rd`sej fer tgd stròj ef `jxodty

adjd`tg tgd pepun`hd"s penohd-ìkurdi kennoty* Ygd penotoh`n pnets `ji

heujtdrpnets pdrvìojb M`jhguro`"s pd`hdfun pnòjs tgrd`tdjdi te up-

reet ùtgeroty. `ji Hgojdsd `ji K`p`jdsd `nold rdb`ridi tgd sotu`toej

wotg hejhdrj* Mystdry djvdnepdi Mulidj*

Ywe vot`n qudstoejs tg`t effoho`nny rdmòjdi uj`jswdrdi wdrd ; wge

wrdhldi Hg`jb Yse-noj"s tròj `ji gew5 `ji w`s tgd M`rsg`n idì5

Hg`jb Yse-noj"s id`tg gì jet addj effoho`nny `jjeujhdi ay Kujd 0?*




Gewdvdr. tgd sej gì toffoj oj tgd j`tovd hoty tg`t i`y wotg ` breup ef

ojiustro`n Hgojdsd. ojhnuiojb pdrsejs hnesdst te tgd yeujb Bdjdr`n. `ji

ot w`s ujidrsteei tg`t ` st`tdmdjt ef gos f`tgdr"s id`tg w`s ossudi

sgertny tgdrd`ftdr*

Ygd Hgojdsd wdrd `nw`ys tgereubgny hejvojhdi tg`t K`p`j w`s

rdspejsoand* Ygd usu`n metovd ìv`jhdi w`s tg`t K`p`j w`jtdi te

hùsd treuand oj M`jhguro` se tg`t ot weuni ad pessoand fer gdr te

`jjdx tgd heujtry wotgeut tee muhg eppesotoej àreì* Ygos sgd ioi

feur yd`rs n`tdr*

Ygd K`p`jdsd ùtgerotods. ej tgd etgdr g`ji. st`jhgny idjodi un-

tdroer metovds oj M`jhguro`. tgd hejsun`r `s wdnn `s monot`ry effohdrs

pdrsostojb oj tgd hejtdjtoej tg`t tgd send ojtdrdst ef K`p`j w`s te mòj-

tòj pd`hd `ji te `ssost tgd Hgojdsd te adhemd prespdreus* Ygd K`p`-

jdsd Hejsun-Bdjdr`n. Mr* G`y`sgo. seubgt te bdt tgd Hgojdsd te `brdd

te ossud ` keojt st`tdmdjt ej tgd aemaojb. aut tgd Hgojdsd rdfusdi*

Ygd ojioh`toej w`s tg`t tgdy ioi jet idsord ` keojt ojquory fer. hej-

vojhdi tg`t tgd K`p`jdsd ioi ot `jyw`y. tgdy weuni rdkdht dfferts te

prevd etgdrwosd*

Ygd Hgojdsd teel je `htoej. tgdor ndìdrs peojtojb eut tg`t tgd

K`p`jdsd w`jtdi tgdm te st`rt semdtgojb te djànd K`p`j te be `gdì

`ji t`ld M`jhguro`* Gdjhd tgdy sgeel puzzndi gdìs. ìmottdi strejb

`jto-K`p`jdsd fddnojb w`s ojhrd`sojb. `ji ydt idhn`rdi tg`t tgdy must

aoid tgdor tomd `ji g`jind tgd `ffòr wgdj tomds wdrd ndss treuaneus

`t gemd*

K`p`j gì ` b`rrosej ef jd`rny 03.333 mdj oj Mulidj tgdj. `ji

gdr tet`n ferhd oj M`jhguro` w`s dstom`tdi `t jd`rny 14.333. wgohg

w`s djeubg te djferhd pd`hd* Hgojdsd Jertgdrj treeps hejtojudi

te `rrovd frem tgd seutg ej tgd Sdlojb-Mulidj Qònw`y nojd. k`mmdiwotg treep tròjs* Hg`jb Yse-noj ndft nottnd rennojb stehl adgoji gom*

Xherds ef tgd f`meus Anud Dxprdss h`rs ef tgd Yodjtsoj-Sulew nojd

wdrd ej tgd soiojbs `t Mulidj. `s wdnn `s h`rs m`rldi Sdlojb. G`j-

lew. dth* Gos idjuiojb tgd rònw`ys ef `nn h`rs g`mpdrdi hemmujoh`-toejs tgreubgeut Hgoj` fer mejtgs* Ygd wgdrdàeuts ef M`rsg`ns Xuj

Hgu`j-f`jb `ji Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb. Mulidj"s `nnodi hemm`jidrs.

w`s hùsojb spdhun`toej* Ot w`s adnodvdi tg`t tgdy wdrd oj tgd vohojoty

ef Xg`jgòlw`j. `ji tgdy wdrd dxpdhtdi te rdtord s`fdny te Iòrdj*

Hg`jb Gsudg-no`jb gì jet ferm`nny `ssumdi tgd m`jtnd oj suh-

hddiojb gos f`tgdr `s Bevdrjer ef Fdjbtodj Srevojhd. `ntgeubg oj dffdht



YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NOJ 0?2

gos pesotoej w`s tgd s`md `s tg`t ef gos f`tgdr* K`p`j w`s `pp`rdjtny

hejtdjt te pdrmot tgd yeujb Bdjdr`n te `ssumd gos f`tgdr"s pest. `n-

tgeubg ot sddmdi quotd p`tdjt tg`t tgd K`p`jdsd. tgereubgny ojhdjsdi

evdr Hg`jb Yse-noj"s `ttotuid oj rdhdjt mejtgs. w`jtdi ` jdw nojd-up*

Ygos. ojhoidjt`nny. w`s `mejb tgd rd`sejs fer tgd Hgojdsd adnodf tg`t

tgd K`p`jdsd wdrd adgoji Hg`jb Yse-noj"s `ss`ssoj`toej* Ygdy sòi

tg`t K`p`j nejb seubgt te dvoht tgd eni M`rsg`n. wge w`s ujwonnojb

te m`ld hdrtòj hejhdssoejs K`p`j w`s sòi te idsord*

Ferdobj dxpdrts wge vosotdi tgd shdjd ef tgd ios`stdr seej `ftdr

ots ehhurrdjhd `brddi tg`t tgdrd must g`vd addj `t nd`st OXE peujis

ef dxpnesovd oj tgd mojd nòi oj tgd podr ef tgd aroibd ef tgd Xeutg

M`jhguro` Qònw`y. `ji tg`t ot must g`vd t`ldj sdvdr`n geurs te n`y

ot* Gdjhd. tgd K`p`jdsd seniodrs wge wdrd bu`riojb tgd sotd wdrd

iddmdi te g`vd addj `t nd`st str`jbdny jdbnobdjt* Ygd K`p`jdsd rd-

pnodi tg`t tgd Hgojdsd bu`ridi tgdor ewj nojd adnew tgd aroibd. wgdrd

tgd K`p`jdsd wdrd st`toejdi* Aut tgd Hgojdsd `ssdrtdi tg`t tgdy wdrd

jet pdrmottdi te sdji bu`ris wotgoj tgd K`p`jdsd rònw`y zejd `ji

gì jejd tgdrd* @ m`j ej tgd tròj sòi tg`t gd s`w je Hgojdsd

bu`ris `ji tg`t tgd K`p`jdsd ioi jet `ppd`r ujton àeut twdjty

mojutds `ftdr tgd dxpnesoej*

Ej Kujd 13. O t`nldi fer tgd forst tomd wotg yeujb M`rsg`n Hg`jb

Gsudg-no`jb* Gd sòi gd ojtdjidi te pursud ` penohy g`vojb `mejb

ots hgodf be`ns tgd drìoh`toej ef tgd sheurbd ef w`r oj tgdsd tgrdd

treuandi d`stdrj prevojhds ef Hgoj`*

Fennewojb tgd d`rny ojstotutoej ef `j dr` ef dhejemoh idvdnepmdjt.

gd gepdi te djheur`bd tgd ojvdstmdjt ef @mdroh`j h`pot`n oj M`j-

hguro`*

O weuni wdnhemd foj`jho`n òi frem àreì ej tgd a`sos ef dqu`n-

oty%" sòi tgd yeujb M`rsg`n* O weuni ad adst pnd`sdi of @mdroh`j

h`pot`n wdrd ojvdstdi oj M`jhguro`* Gewdvdr. O ie jet ojtdji te

br`jt furtgdr spdho`n provondbds* Ferdobj herper`toejs hemojb ojte eur

heujtry must ad wonnojb te `brdd te dqu`noty ef hejtren tg`t os. g`nf

Hgojdsd `ji g`nf j`toej`ns ef wg`tdvdr ferdobj heujtrods erb`jozd

hemp`jods gdrd*

Ygos w`s somon`r te tgd eni `rr`jbdmdjt fer tgd Hgojdsd D`stdrj

Qònw`y. wgohg w`s dssdjto`nny Qusso`j ujton aeubgt ay K`p`j*

Ygd yeutgfun suhhdsser te Hg`jb Yse-noj. twdjty-sdvdj yd`rs eni

ej Kujd 9. 0?17. tgd i`y gos f`tgdr"s tròj w`s iyj`motdi. ossudi `



0?7 YGDIQ@BEJXYOQX

ferm`n prehn`m`toej tgd jdxt i`y bovojb tgd idtòns ef gos penohods. aut

oj tgos forst ojtdrvodw gd eutnojdi oj ìv`jhd te Ygd Jdw _erl Yomds

herrdspejidjt tgd hgodf penohods ef gos Bevdrjmdjt*

Gd idhnojdi te ioshuss tgd `ttotuid ef K`p`j aut fdnt Yelye"s sgew

ef ferhd ioi jet rdprdsdjt tgd `ttotuid ef tgd pdepnd* Gd adnodvdi ot

w`s tgd rdsunt ef tgd tdmper`ry `shdjidjhy ef ` hdrtòj hnoqud oj tgd

Bevdrjmdjt. wgohg gd gepdi w`s ` p`ssojb pg`sd. `ji tg`t dvdjtu`nny

gd weuni ad ànd te trd`t wotg K`p`j ej ` a`sos ef dqu`noty ujg`mpdrdi

ay spdho`n robgts* Gd w`s dvohtdi ay K`p`j oj 0?80. gewdvdr. fnddojb

te J`jlojb*

Ygd }eujb M`rsg`n00

rdhdovdi md `t gos monot`ry gdìqu`rtdrs*

Gd w`s sndjidr `ji p`nd. ydt djdrbdtoh* Gos tgohl. an`hl must`hgd

`ji sdroeus modj ìidi iobjoty te gos fròn yeutg*

O sg`nn ossud ` prehn`m`toej bovojb my `spor`toejs fer bevdrjmdjt

oj idtòn. gd sòi* Ygdy. arodfny. `rd tgos ; O sg`nn sddl te dji w`r*

O g`vd addj tdj yd`rs oj w`r `ji ljew ots gerrers* O w`jt. forst ef

`nn. te noft tgos sheurbd frem eur pdepnd* O gepd O sg`nn jet ad ferhdi

te `ht etgdrwosd oj my ferdobj penohy* O sg`nn idm`ji dqu`n trd`tmdjt

fer Hgoj`* Dvdjtu`nny. wd must àenosg tgd ujdqu`n trd`tods*

@t gemd. wd must rderb`jozd eur eutneel* O w`jt eur pdepnd te

hejhdjtr`td ej tgd idvdnepmdjt ef M`jhguro` `ji neel te eursdnvds.

jet eutw`ri. fer idvdnepmdjt* Ygdrd os je jddi ef eur sddlojb te

dxp`ji jew er djhre`hg ej etgdr p`rts ef Hgoj`* Rd must auoni

frem wotgoj*

fht

n `m p`rtohun`rny ojtdrdstdi oj tgd idvdnepmdjt ef diuh`toej.

wgohg os `jetgdr vot`n peojt* My f`tgdr ndft md )03.333.333* Oj my

prehn`m`toej yeu wonn sdd md iej`td dvdry hdjt te `j diuh`toej`n

aurdù te ad ìmojostdrdi wosdny. tgd adbojjojb ef ujovdrs`n diuh`toej

tgreubgeut eur prevojhds* Ygos os gobgny dssdjto`n te tgd futurd pd`hd-

fun idvdnepmdjt ef eur heujtry*

Qdb`riojb tgd J`toej`nosts. wd `rd rdìy te trd`t wotg tgdm ej

` a`sos efdqu`noty*

Ojf`ht. wd

`rd`nrdìy hejiuhtojb jdbeto`toejs.

aut tgdy `rd `t ` st`jistonn fer tgd prdsdjt. iud te tgd n`hl ef ujoty

wotgoj tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt* Rgdj tgdy `rd rdìy te ioshuss `

jdw `nobjmdjt wotg us. wd sg`nn ie se. aut t`nl pd`hd ejny `s dqu`ns*

Of tgdy sddl te dxhnuid us `ji m`ld pd`hd ej tgdor ewj tdrms j`tu-

r`nny wd wonn jet g`vd `jytgojb te ie wotg tgdm* O gepd tg`t wonn jet



YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NOJ 0??

ehhur `ji tg`t tgd J`toej`nosts wonn dstànosg ujoty `ji djànd us te

m`ld tdrms*

lo

Md`jtomd. tgdy`rd ujrdnoànd* Fer

dx`mpnd.Bdjdr`n _dj Gso-

s`j h`md te Sdlojb `ji teni us gew gd weuni bu`r`jtdd tgd s`fd

idp`rturd ef eur b`rrosej* Ygd Hemm`jidr ndft oj hg`rbd ` sm`nn

`rmy te mòjtòj pd`hd oj Sdlojb ujton tgd turj-evdr* Rgdj eur

Bdjdr`n idp`rtdi. gos mdj mdt M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb"s treeps ad-

twddj Sdlojb `ji Yodjtsoj `ji wdrd ios`rmdi* Ygos iosbr`hdfun

ard`hg ef fòtg nd`vds us ieuatojb tg`t tgdy trust d`hg etgdr*

"Ygdsdtgojbs

O wonn strovd te`hhempnosg* _eu

must rd`nozd tgd

prebr`m os ejny tdjt`tovd `ji suakdht te suasdqudjt dvdjts* O gepd

jetgojb eastruhts ots `hgodvdmdjt. aut oj tgd dvdjt tg`t semdtgojb

ujferdsddj ehhurs O ie jet w`jt yej te tgojl md jet fr`jl* O h`j

ejny strovd fer tgdsd be`ns* Ygd mòj eakdht os te dstànosg fòtg oj my

rdbomd*

O fr`jlny ìmot tgd preandm* Aut tgos eutnojds my nofd"s òm*

Ygd M`rsg`nsòi tg`t M`rsg`ns

Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb `ji XujHgu`j-f`jb wdrd stonn wotg gom. Xuj hemm`jiojb tgd treeps bovdj gom

ay yeujb Hg`jb< `ji Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb wotg tgd rdmj`jts ef gos

Xg`jtujb `rmy*

@ fdw i`ys n`tdr O wdjt jertg te G`raoj* Jertgdrj M`jhguro`

w`s `stor wotg `jxodty `s tgd pdepnd oj tgd Ygrdd D`stdrj Srevojhds

`wòtdi tgd senutoej ef tgd sgoftojb penotoh`n sotu`toej hùsdi ay tgd

h`pturd ef Sdlojb ay tgd J`toej`nosts `ji tgd ir`m`toh id`tgef

M`r-sg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj*

Hejvdrs`toejs wotg wdnn-ojfermdi pdrsejs ojioh`tdi `t nd`st twe

tgojbs. j`mdny. tg`t tgd prevojhds ef Loroj `ji Gònujlo`jb wdrd

idtdrmojdi te dji hejtren ay ` ioht`tersgop oj Mulidj je m`ttdr

ujidr wgem. aut p`rtohun`rny ujidr yeujb M`rsg`n Hg`jb Gsudg-

no`jb< `ji tg`t ot w`s adnodvdi tg`t M`jhguro` seej weuni keoj `

J`toej`n Fdidr`toej ef Hgoj` ujidr ` M`jhguro`j Hdjtr`n DxdhutovdHemmottdd ferm ef bevdrjmdjt wotg tgd h`pot`n rdmòjojb `t Mulidj*

Ygd `ttotuid ef Loroj w`s p`rtohun`rny ì`m`jt `bòjst hej-

toju`toej ef tgd eni eridr ef tgojbs `s f`r `s mòjtdj`jhd ef ` ioht`ter-

sgop ujidr tgd y ujb M`rsg`n w`s hejhdrjdi. tgd pesotoej ef Loroj

adojb tg`t of Hg`jb Gsudg-no`jb wdrd ` suotànd rundr fer gos ewj

pdepnd ef Fdjbtodj Srevojhd ot w`s s`tosf`htery te Loroj tg`t gd rund




tgdrd. aut tgdy weuni jet ìmot gos robgt te ioht`td `ffòrs eutsoid ef

Fdjbtodj*

Easdrvdrs oj hnesd teuhg wotg `ffòrs wdrd ojtdjtny w`thgojb tgd

hejvdrs`toejs wotg tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb. `ji tgd om-

prdssoej w`s brewojb tg`t ` tdjt`tovd `brddmdjt gì `nrdìy addj

rd`hgdi ujidr wgohg M`jhguro` weuni rdtòj muhg ef ots eni ùtejemy

aut weuni keoj tgd J`toej`nosts `s p`rt ef ` fdidr`toej `brddmdjt*

Ygos tgdy ioi. ujidr tgd yeujb M`rsg`n* Rgond puanoh epojoej

rdb`ridi ` hg`jbd te tgos systdm wotg ieuat. ots ìeptoej w`s bdjdr-

`nny sddj `s ` prebrdssovd mevd tew`ri dvdjtu`n ujoty `ji tgd djiojb

ef ojtdrj`n penotoh`n strofd wgohg etgdrwosd. ot w`s fd`rdi. mobgt hej-

tojud ojidfojotdny*

Ygd `ttotuid ef K`p`j tew`ri suhg `brddmdjts w`s rdb`ridi `s `

preaànd eastruhtoej. gewdvdr* K`p`jdsd oj ùtgeroty idjodi tg`t tgdy

ojtdjidi te ojtdrfdrd `s nejb `s tgd Hgojdsd sdttndi tgdor penotoh`n

`ffòrs pd`hdfunny* Ygd K`p`jdsd monot`ry gobg hemm`ji `t Mulidj

w`s stonn uj`jomeus oj idhn`rojb ot ioi jet ojtdji te dxhddi trd`ty

robgts. gdjhd tgd epojoej w`s bòjojb breuji tg`t K`p`j w`s wonnojb

te pdrmot M`jhguro` te try tgd J`toej`nost dxpdromdjt `s nejb `s gdr

robgts wdrd ujompòrdi `ji pd`hd w`s prdsdrvdi*

Oj f`ht. kust adferd nd`vojb Mulidj. O rdhdovdi ` hemmujoh`toej

frem _esuld M`tsuel`. s`yojb tg`t gd idsordi te hnd`r up gos `ttotuid

ej ` ""pretdhter`td tgdrd* Gd hejsoidrdi tgd usd ef tgd weri ujfer-

tuj`td. ìiojb; O wosg te dmpg`sozd tg`t jdotgdr O jer `jy etgdr

rdspejsoand K`p`jdsd idsords jer hejtdmpn`tds ` K`p`jdsd pretdhter`td

evdr M`jhguro`* M`tsuel`"s oid` w`s te mòjtòj pd`hd oj M`j-

hguro` ay prdvdjtojb tgd `rmods ef dotgdr soid frem fobgtojb `ji of tgos

wdrd hejstrudi `s pretdhtojb `jy ojtdrdsts ot heuni jet ad gdnpdi <aut

`s f`r `s tgd Yelye Bevdrjmdjt ferm`nny `jjeujhojb `jy ojtdjtoej

ef sdttojb up ` pretdhter`td oj tgd Nd`bud ef J`toejs sdjsd. gd sòi

ot w`s sompny ujtrud*

Ygd Hgojdsd. jdvdrtgdndss. rdb`ridi K`p`j"s mevds wotg `pprd-

gdjsoej* @utgerotods oj `nn qu`rtdrs heujsdnndi ` penohy ef h`nmjdss

`ppre`hgojb suamossovdjdss ujton iemdstoh penotoh`n `ffòrs suasoidi*

Ygdrd gì addj wg`t w`s rdb`ridi `s ` str`jbd `jto-Xevodt h`m-

pòbj oj tgd j`tovd hoty oj G`raoj* Xtuidjts wdrd horhun`tojb p`mpgndts

oj wgohg twe tgderods wdrd ìv`jhdi ejd. tg`t tgd K`p`jdsd. wgem

tgd Hgojdsd wdrd `nn rdìy te an`md fer `jytgojb. wdrd tryojb te `reusd



YGD DJI EF HG@JB YXE-NOL 130

treuand. `ji tgd etgdr. tg`t tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb w`s

a`hlojb tgd mevdmdjt* Xevodt `igdrdjts oj Jertg M`jhguro` wdrd

lddpojb quodt `jijet

djtdrojbtgd

penotoh`nfodni ej ejd soid er tgd

etgdr. `ntgeubg O feuji tgdm lddpojb oj p`rtohun`rny hnesd teuhg wotg

` K`p`jdsd M`jhguro`j henejoz`toej pn`j*



06 YEL_E"X IONDMM@

A@HL`bòj oj Mulidj tew`ri tgd dji ef tg`t Kujd. O h`md te

tgd hejhnusoej tg`t K`p`j w`s fobgtojb wotg gdr a`hl te tgd

Brd`t R`nn ef Hgoj`*

Rgond ej tgd surf`hd `nn w`s h`nm `ji tgd Hgojdsd effoho`nny dx-

prdssdi tgdor `pprdho`toej ef tgd m`jjdr oj wgohg K`p`j"s form penohy

oj M`jhguro` gì mòjtòjdi pd`hd wgond tgd rdst ef Hgoj` suffdrdi

tgd `bejods ef sddmojbny ojtdrmojànd hovon w`r. ot w`s ojhrd`sojbny

`pp`rdjtte

md dvdjtgdj tg`t

brd`tferhds wdrd

mevojbwgohg dvdj-

tu`nny weuni tdji te ferhd tgd K`p`jdsd dotgdr te ehhupy M`jhguro`

`ji put `j dji te ieuat. er wotgir`w gdr hnòms te hejtren `ji

spdho`n provondbds* Ot w`s ieuatfun oj tgd dxtrdmd tg`t Yelye weuni

nostdj `t `nn te tgos n`ttdr `ntdrj`tovd* Ygdrdferd. tgd j`tur`n tdjidjhy

ej tgd p`rt ef tgd Hgojdsd w`s te `jtohop`td tg`t K`p`j ojtdjidi te ie

dvdrytgojb oj gdr pewdr merd formny te ompn`jt gdr hejtren tgdrd*

Rgdtgdr tg`t `ttdmpt w`s te t`ld tgd ferm ef ` pretdhter`td er

wgdtgdrot

w`s tgd ojtdjtoejef

tgd R`r Effohd hàojdtoj

Yelyete

prehddi wotg ` aeni prebr`m ef `jjdx`toej wdrd `mejb tgd hejtoj-

bdjhods sdhrdtny ioshussdi oj tgd M`jhguro`j h`pot`n oj 0?17* Ygd

K`p`jdsd oj pesotoejs ef ùtgeroty wdrd fr`jlny rdìy te ìmot. ieuat-

ndss wotg tgd `pprev`n ef tgdor Srdmodr. A`rej Y`j`l`. tg`t K`p`j

ojtdjidi te pretdht tgdsd prevojhds frem `tt`hl* Ygd K`p`jdsd sneb`j

rdmòjdi Sd`hd `t `jy prohd. oj M`jhguro`. `ji tgdy wdrd rdìy te

st`ji adgoji tg`t penohy te tgd nomot*

Rgdtgdr tg`t hejstotutdi dstànosgojb ` pretdhter`td oj dffdht evdrwgedvdr g`ppdjdi te ad oj pewdr oj Mulidj w`s jet. tgd K`p`jdsd

dxpnòjdi te md. tgdor ausojdss* Ot w`s tgdor `vewdi ojtdjtoej te

mòjtòj pd`hd `ji eridr oj M`jhguro`. hemd wg`t mobgt* Dvdj tgd

Hgojdsd heuni jet aut sdd tgd wosiem ef suhg ` penohy. `ntgeubg oj

Mulidj O gd`ri jew `ji tgdj semd Hgojdsd rdm`rl tg`t tgos puanoh

dxprdssoej ej tgd p`rt ef K`p`j w`s `j ojsunt te tgd ojtdbroty `ji

131




Aut eur Hejsun gì gì ` sgehl sojhd tgdj* @ yeujb hg`p sh`rhdny

eut ef gos tddjs gì addj sdozdi ay tgd K`p`jdsd ùtgerotods wotgoj

tgdor Qònw`y [ejd `t Mulidj*

Ygd yeutg. irdssdi oj tr`mp-nold hovono`j hnetgds. gì je p`sspert

er etgdr oidjtofyojb p`pdrs aut hnòmdi tg`t gd w`s `j @mdroh`j* Gos

forst stery w`s tg`t gd w`s eff ` frdobgtdr tgdj oj Iòrdj `ji. bovdj

evdrjobgt sgerd-nd`vd. gì t`ldj ` tròj roid te Mulidj* Gd sòi

gd weuni ad ej gos w`y a`hl tgdj aut fer tgd f`ht tg`t gd w`s àruptny

`rrdstdi* Dvdjtu`nny. tgd K`p`jdsd er eur Hejsun O jdvdr ioi ios-

hevdr wgohg wermdi eut ef tgd frobgtdjdiyeujbstdr

gos trud oidjtoty*

Gd tgdj quohlny teni gos stery. ef gew gd gì hemd te idsdrt tgd ON X*

M`rojd Herps `t Yodjtsoj. oj tomd ef ` w`r oj Jertg Hgoj` oj wgohg

tgdy mobgt g`vd addj ojvenvdi*

Ygd loi. `s wd h`md te ljew eur M`rojd -fer gd w`s jet muhg

evdr dobgtddj yd`rs eni. of tg`t sòi gd w`s frem tgd Moiind Rdst*

Gd keojdi tgd M`rojds te sdd tgd werni. aut gì feuji h`mp reutojd

`t Yodjtsojprdtty

iunn `ftdr se

nejb

` tomd* Ygdj gd mdt ` Qusso`j.

gd rdn`tdi. wge teni gom gd sgeuni jet eady eridrs ef `nn tgesd buys.

tgd effohdrs* Ygdy gì ` fdw irojls. ot sddms. `ji tgd M`rojd quot"K

tgd sdrvohd. keojdi wotg gos p`n. bràadi ` tròj. `ji n`jidi oj kòn `t

Mulidj ` sgert tomd n`tdr* Rg`t g`ppdjdi te gos Qusso`j frodji. O

jdvdr nd`rjdi*

Aut my preandm os gew te bdt gom a`hl te gos rdbomdjt oj Yodj-

tsoj. sòi tgd Hejsun* Rd g`vd je fujis fer

rdturjojbidsdrtdrs*

Xe Fm puttojb ot up te yeu yeu `rd nd`vojb fer Yodjtsoj `t jeej.

wonn be te Iòrdj tejobgt. `ji sòn a`hl te Hgoj` temerrew* O h`j"t

p`y yeu jew. aut of yeu wonn ìv`jhd tgos idsdrtdr"s f`rd `ji md`ns.

yeu"nn bdt semd loji ef ` rdw`ri er p`y frem tgd Herps oj Yodjtsoj*

Gew àeut ot5

Ygdrd w`s je peojt oj rdfusojb. se O sòi; El`y. aut ejd tgojb

must ad ujidrsteei jew* O"nn

p`ygos

w`y`ji

hg`pdrejdtgos

nì.aut

O wej"t snddp wotg gom g`jihuffdi te my `rm! Of gd w`jts te iuhl

`bòj tejobgt wgdj O bdt gom ` reem oj Iòrdj tg`t os strohtny jejd

ef my `ffòr* Of gd rd`nny os rdìy te f`hd tgd musoh `ji w`jts te be.

ndt"s be* Gew àeut tg`t5

Ygd Hejsun `brddi* Gd sòi tgdrd weuni ad je an`md `tt`hgdi te

md of tgd M`rojd fndi `bòj `ftdr adojb pn`hdi oj my husteiy*



YEL_E"X IONDMM@ 134

G`vd gom gdrd `t jeej fer tgd Dxprdss iewj te Iòrdj. O sòi*

@ji ay tgd w`y. wg`t"s tgos idsdrtdr"s j`md5

Auizojslo%" eur `ffànd Hejsun rdpnodi. `ji nùbgdi* Ot rd`nny os*

Gd"s `j @mdroh`j. `nn robgt aut tg`t"s gos robgt j`md. adnodvd ot

er jet%"

"

Rotg `j ujusu`n j`md ef my ewj O gì je treuand oj adnodvojb ot.

er tg`t tgd nì w`s `j @mdroh`j* Rd `nrdìy gì pohldi up `jetgdr

nì kust eut ef _`nd `ji m`lojb ` werni teur `s ` brìu`toej prdsdjt.

wgem wd mdt `t G`raoj* Gos j`md w`s Gdrm`jj* Ygd jdxt i`y.

wgdj O aeubgt tgd feur std`msgop tohldts fer eur squìrej treepojb

`hress Hgoj` dvdj tgd K`p`jdsd m`j `t tgd heujtdr gì te smond* Rgeweunij"t. `t feur hg`ps tr`vdnnojb tebdtgdr `ji j`mdi Gdrm`jj.

Ardotdjstdoj. Mossdnwotz `ji Auizojslo! @ji wd wdrd `nn Bdjtonds.

dxhdpt Gdrm`jj. wge w`s ` Kdw frem Jdw _erl*

Ej tgd tròj iewj te Iòrdj O t`nldi wotg tgd aeyosg M`rojd `ji

wd gì je treuand oj tg`t qu`rtdr*

Ot"s el`y wotg md. O teni gom. of yeu idsdrt `bòj wgdj wd got

Iòrdj tejobgt* O"m beojb te bovd yeu fovd ydj 'àeut )1*43 tgdj/

fer ` md`n er twe `ji ` reem fer tgd jobgt. `ji ot"s up te yeu te ad

ej tgd ae`t wgdj wd sòn* Of yeu"rd jet. O wej"t nold ot.aut wg`t ie

yeu h`rd5 _eu"nn ad frdd. frdd `s `jy gujtdi m`j h`j ad* @ji yeu

m`y ad frdd. se te spd`l. fer fovd. tdj er twdjty yd`rs aut semd ejd

ef tgdsd i`ys tgd nejb `rm ef Tjhnd X`m"s n`w wonn brà yeu `bòj*

_eu iej"t w`jt te be tgreubg nofd `s ` idsdrtdr. ` gujtdi m`j. ie

yeu5 M`ld up yeur moji* Gdrd"s tgd mejdy O"nn neel fer yeu

wgdj wd sòn fer Hgoj` temerrew*

@ji gd w`s tgdrd. bnì te ad sònojb a`hl te gos eutfot Ygdrd w`s

je g`rm oj tg`t M`rojd. `ji O gepd gd bet eff nobgt `t gdìqu`rtdrs*

@nn wd heuni bdt ej tgd K`p`jdsd vdssdn a`hl w`s idhl sp`hd `bòj*

O gì gì my fonn ef idhl sp`hd tr`vdn. aut O gì te bdt te Sdlojb. se

wd wdjt* @ntgeubg ot w`s jd`rny Kuny. tg`t jobgt `t sd` eff Jertg

Hgoj` w`s ejd ef tgd mest hgonnojb O dvdr spdjt `jywgdrd* Ygd jdxt

i`y ej sgerd `t Yodjtsoj ot w`s stofnojb. aut wd `nn jd`rny frezd te

id`tg ej tg`t tojy sgop sh`jt sgdntdr frem tgesd ohy an`sts tew`ri tgd

M`jhguro` pnòjs wgohg wd wdrd nd`vojb*



02 @ IQD@M YG@Y QOV@NX BDJBGOX LG@J

M_ERJ jertgdrj dxpdiotoej ojte tgd woni p`sturds ef

M`jhguro` djidi ej ` Xuji`y. wgdj eur std`mdr iehldi `t

Yodjtsoj* O `bòj seubgt eut tgd @ster Geusd Getdn* O gì

forst te idnovdr tgd M`rojd te tgd a`sd tgdj `t Yodjtsoj* Ygd etgdrs

wdjt `nejb te tgd getdn wgond O seubgt eut tgd BGP te turj Auizojslo.

peer idvon. evdr te tgd M`rojd ùtgerotods

Ot w`s get. ujad`ràny get. tg`t forst i`y ef Kuny oj Jertg Hgoj`.

jet tee f`r frem tgd evdj ljewj `s tgd Beao Idsdrt* Auizojslo w`s

wonnojb djeubg te be `nejb. `s gd gì addj dvdr sojhd gd w`s turjdi

evdr te md. `ji fer ` an`hl sgddp. er idsdrtdr. O must bovd gom hrdiot

fer m`lojb je iostura`jhd wg`tdvdr* Oj f`ht. gd w`s bnì te ad a`hl

wgdrd gd heuni sdd gos fermdr auiiods. wge `t nd`st t`nldi gos n`j-

bu`bd. `ji gd w`s quotd prdp`rdi te t`ld gos mdiohojd

Aut tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojd Herps b`vd us eur ioffohuntods ej

tg`t get Xàa`tg* Yg`t w`s kust tgd treuand ot w`s Xuji`y* Je ejd

ef ùtgeroty w`s `reuji* Ygd djnostdi m`j ej iuty `t tgd idsl gìjdvdr gd`ri ef Auizojslo. `ji heuni jet ad aetgdrdi* Dvdjtu`nny `

jej-hemmossoejdi effohdr gd`ri tgd w`nn`-w`nn`. er t`nl. oj tgd eutdr

effohd `ji put oj `j `ppd`r`jhd* Gd gì gd`ri ef ` idsdrtdr semd

wddls `be aut jdvdr gì gd`ri ef Auizojslo. `ji w`s stumpdi fer `

memdjt* Ygdj tgd aronno`jt jej-hem gì `j ojspor`toej* Gd sòi;

Ròt ` mojutd. `ji h`nndi ` H`ptòj ej tgd rdbomdjt`n tdndpgejd*

Ygd H`ptòj w`s jet oj* Ot w`s Xuji`y* Oid` jumadr twe; Ygd

sdrbd`jt tdndpgejdi tgd effohdr `t gos qu`rtdrs* Gd"nn ad tgdrd. `nn

robgt. gd sòi* N`st jobgt w`s X`turi`y jobgt. yeu ljew*

Ygd H`ptòj w`s tgdrd oj adi* Xdji tgdm evdr. Xdrbd`jt. gos

veohd seujidi tgreubg tgd rdhdovdr* Rdnn. wd wdjt evdr* Ygd H`ptòj

sòi gd ioij"t ljew. aut gd suppesdi gd heuni put Auizojslo oj tgd

bu`rigeusd ujton Meji`y wgdj tgd Herps weuni st`rt fujhtoejojb

`bòj* Yg`t sddmdi fòr djeubg* Ot w`s `nn wd heuni ie. oj `jy h`sd.

136



@ IQD@M YG@Y QOV@NX BDJBGOX LG@J 132

`ji O tg`jldi tgd H`ptòj. ` nolànd yeujb hg`p. `ji wdjt ej te tgd

getdn*

Rgdj tgd jdxt i`y O bet eur tohldts fer tgd g`pg`z`ri tròj roid

te Sdlojb ` M`rojd teni md `t tgd st`toej tg`t O weuni ad rdpòi fer

Auizojslo"s f`rd te Yodjtsoj frem Mulidj `ji gos jobgt"s neibojb oj

Iòrdj. ay tgd rdw`ri iud md fer s`fdny hejiuhtojb ` idsdrtdr a`hl

te gos rdbomdjt gdrd* Dvdjtu`nny `jetgdr M`rojd w`s sdjt `nn tgd

w`y te Sdlojb sendny te idnovdr tgos rdw`ri te md* O feuji ot w`s

merd tg`j ieuand tgd hest ef Srov`td Auizojslo"s rdturj `ji O stonn

fddn O ewd tg`t yeujb m`j semd ef tgd )43 O bet*

Oj Sdlojb. tgd gd`t ef d`rny Kuny w`s dvdj wersd tg`j oj Yodjtsoj*

Ot rdmojidi md ef G`jlew f`r te tgd seutg. wgdrd ejd mobgt dxpdht

gd`t* Dvdj se. tgd `jhodjt h`pot`n. vosotdi fer tgd forst tomd. w`s rd`nny

` trd`t* Ygdrd w`s djeubg beojb ej te m`ld us ferbdt tgd hnom`td*

Fer ejd tgojb. tgd ndìdrs ef tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej b`tgdrdi tgdrd

tg`t summdr fer tgd Aob Feur Hejfdrdjhd* Ygdy wdrd Bdjdr`nossome

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb. Bdjdr`n _dj Gso-s`j.

Bevdrjer ef Xg`jso Srevojhd. `ji Bdjdr`n No Hgujb-kdj. ` seutgdrjdr

frem Lw`jbso Srevojhd wge gì addj ejd ef tgd ferdmest Bdjdr`ns oj

tgd fodni iurojb tgd h`pturd ef Sdlojb*

Sdlojb fdnn te tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej ej Kujd 7. 0?17. wgdj

treeps ney`n te Bdjdr`n _dj Gso-s`j ehhupodi tgd hoty* Ygdor djtr`jhd

w`s pd`hdfun. fer tgd Jertgdrj treeps gì fndi*

Ygd hejfdrdjhd ioi nottnd aut `brdd tg`t tgd jdxt mevd w`s te

idmeaonozd Hgoj`"s v`st `rmdi ferhds* Ygd ndìdrs idhoidi tg`t `

M`jhguro`j dxpdiotoej w`s ujjdhdss`ry* Ygd yeujb M`rsg`n. sej

ef tgd n`td M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj. w`s `nn fer tgd Luemojt`jb Qdve-

nutoej `ji tgd Ygrdd Sdepnd"s Srojhopnds. `ji tgd rdi dmandm ef tgd

Luemojt`jb wotg ots wgotd suj ej ` fodni ef nobgt anud oj tgd

uppdr ndft g`ji herjdr fndw `nn evdr M`jhguro` adferd tgd yd`r djidi*

@nn w`s wdnn wotg tgd werni. `s tgdsd Aob Feur s`w ot tgdj `ji

tgdy hejfdrrdi fer `wgond `ji wdjt gemd* Idmeaonoz`toej `ji tgd werlef rdhejstruhtoej wdrd tgd tgojbs te `hgodvd jdxt. tgdy idhoidi* Ygdy

wdrd robgt aut tgesd twe tgojbs g`vd ydt te ad `hhempnosgdi* Jdotgdr

w`s pessoand tgdj er jew fer m`jy rd`sejs. ojhnuiojb ojhdss`jt strofd

wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb forst. fennewdi ay tgd ojv`soej ef w`rrojb K`p`j*

Ygd dma`nmdi aeiy ef tgd n`td Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj w`s djtemadi `t

tg`t tomd oj ` tdmpnd sgrojd eutsoid Sdlojb. `wòtojb tgd i`y wgdj ot




sgeuni ad aurodi pdrm`jdjtny ay gos adnevdi Luemojt`jb fennewdrs oj

` Mùsendum wgohg tgdy gì hejstruhtdi ej Surpnd Meujtòj eutsoid

tgd h`pot`n ef tgd jdw Hgoj` wgohg gd djvos`bdi. `t J`jlojb* @t

Sdlojb tg`t fdtoi Kuny tgd iòny tdmpdr`turd `t tgd getdn w`s `reuji

003 idbrdds `t jeej O teel ` rohlsg`w eut te tgd tdmper`ry rdstojb

pn`hd te sdd wgdrd tgd Jertgdrjdrs ldpt Ir* Xuj"s aeiy* Ot w`s `

adùtofun spet* Ygd sgrojd w`s gobg up `t tgd tep ef `j eni tdmpnd*

Xeniodrs ef tgd Luemojt`jb wdrd ej bu`ri tgdrd* Gewdvdr. treeps

pòi je `pprdhoànd `ttdjtoej te md `s O w`nldi `nejd `hress tgd fn`bbdi

heurty`ris te tgd nejb fnobgt ef stejd stdps ndìojb upw`ri te tgd vùnt*

@ pertròt ef Ir* Xuj w`s vosoand wotgoj tgd iomny nobgtdi vùnt. àevd

tgd brd`t m`j"s h`sldt* Ygd h`sldt w`s ef mdt`n. sdjt `s ` boft ay tgd

Meshew Bevdrjmdjt< Ir* Xuj w`s tgdor frodji `ji `sseho`td* Ygd

twe seniodrs ej bu`ri weuni jet pdrmot md te djtdr tgd geny ef

genods%" aut tgdy wdrd beei-j`turdi `ji gì je eakdhtoejs te my

pddrojb ojte tgd bneem wotgoj. i`rl `s ` h`vdrj `ftdr tgd sujnobgt eut-

soid* Ygd jdxt tomd. `ji tgd n`st. tg`t O w`s te sdd Ir* Xuj"s h`sldt

w`s wgdj O s`w tgd i`rl. dma`nmdi aeiy ef tgd Ysujb-no. er ndìdr.

tgd i`y adferd tgd Xt`td fujdr`n `ji djtemamdjt oj ` foj`n rdstojb-

pn`hd eutsoid J`jlojb ` yd`r n`tdr*

Yg`t Feurtg ef Kuny tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Mojostdr. Kegj V`j @*

M`hMurr`y. b`vd tgd hustem`ry Ojidpdjidjhd I`y rdhdptoej `ji hehl-

tòn p`rty* Nold `nn Sdlojb seho`n `ffòrs. ot w`s ` b`n` fujhtoej* Ygd

budsts ef `nn j`toejs. ojhnuiojb eur heusojs tgd Arotosg '`t wgem wd

wdrd `jbry wgdj tg`t i`y adh`md ` i`y te rdmdmadr oj @mdroh`j

gostery/. monndi àeut oj bdjo`n h`m`rìdrod `ji tgd p`rty w`s `s b`y

`s tgd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej`ry vohters `nn `reuji tgd Ndb`toej Hempeuji*

Oj f`ht. ot w`s hdndar`tojb`jetgdr rdvenutoej fer frddiem*

Ygd p`rty w`s aut ejd ef tgd soidnobgts ef tgd rdvenutoej oj Hgoj`*

Ygd wgorn ef Sdlojb wdjt ej `p`hd* Ygd jobgt hnuas. semdwg`t

t`wiry `ffòrs `t adst. `ji tgd getdn reef i`jhds wdjt ej `ji ej `ji

ej* Rotgoj ` wddl O gì sddj djeubg ef tgos. ef tdmpnds. ef quòjt eni

Sdlojb-stynd gemds wotg meej-b`td `pdrturds oj dvdry b`ridj w`nn.

ef tgd +"Aob Feur Hejfdrdjhd ef ot `nn* O ndft* @ tròj te G`jlew

w`s ` pessoaonoty fer ` wgond. aut tg`t oid` fdnn tgreubg `ji O teel `

he`st`n std`mdr a`hl te Xg`jbgò*

Ygd summdr ef 0?17 feuji tgd mdj `t J`jlojb funn ef vohtery oj

tgdor Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej `ji ef pn`js fer ` ydt brd`tdr Hgoj`*



@ IQD@M YG@Y QOV@NX BDJBGOX LG@J 13?

Ygdy gì bet usdi te tr`vdnojb `t rdvenutoej`ry spddi `ji ird`mdi ef

` ujoty tg`t weuni djhemp`ss `nn @so`* Ygd ird`ms wdrd fojd `ji tgd

hejhdptoej rdmòjs ` br`ji oid`. aut tgd J`jlojb vohters ferbet tgd

`p`tgy wotg wgohg tgd m`ss ef gum`joty vodws ` jdw tgeubgt*

Ot w`s ` ird`m. gewdvdr. tg`t rov`ndi tgd iddis ef Bdjbgos Lg`j*

Ygd ird`m w`s ef ` brd`t j`toej tg`t. strdthgojb f`r `hress `nmest `nn

@so`. heujts wotgoj ots aeridrs jet ejny wg`t os ljewj `s Hgoj`

Srepdr '` v`st `rd` oj otsdnf/ aut tgd prevojhds oj M`jhguro`. Ojjdr

`ji Eutdr Mejbeno`. `ji Yoadt* Oj tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt tgdrd

w`s fermdi ` Hemmottdd ej Mejbeno`j `ji Yoadt`j @ffòrs* Ot ojhnuidi

mdj wge `rd wdnn `hquòjtdi wotg tgd heujtrods aeridrojb Hgoj`

Srepdr `ji wge g`vd vosotdi tgdsd woni gojtdrn`jis ef @so`. dvdj semd

wge g`vd novdi `mejb tgd jemìoh pdepnds wge pepun`td tgd pnòjs

`ji pn`tdùx adyeji tgd Brd`t R`nn `ji eut te tgd Rdst wgdrd tgd

_`jbtzd Qovdr adbojs*

Ef heursd tgdsd mdj g`vd mìd nottnd prebrdss oj tgd rd`noz`toej ef

tgdor ird`m* Hemmujoh`toejs ojte tgdsd a`hln`jis `rd `s promotovd

tei`y. oj tgd mòj. `s oj tgd tomd sdvdj hdjturods `be wgdj Bdjbgos

Lg`j"s gerids swdpt `hress @so` `ji st`rtdi tgd forst pejy dxprdss*

Ygdrd osj"t dvdj ` vdstobd ef tg`t pejy dxprdss oj dxostdjhd* Ehh`-

soej`nny h`r`v`js ir`w eut ef Sdlojb. tgreubg tgd meujtòj p`ssds `ji

up ojte tgd pn`tdùx adyeji. t`lojb beeis te tgd àeroboj`n troads tg`t

novd `s tgdor `jhdsters novdi* Ehh`soej`nny gersd trìdrs be a`hl ojte

tgdsd pn`hds `ji arojb eut irevds ef Mejbeno`j pejods er gersds frem

Yoadt* Aut hemmdrhd os n`x. `ji tgd t`sl ef ujotojb tgdsd f`r pn`hds

ujidr ejd bevdrjmdjt rdmòjs dxtrdmdny ioffohunt*

Ygd east`hnds `rd jet `nn j`tur`n* Ot m`y ad rdh`nndi tg`t Eutdr

Mejbeno` w`s fer ` tomd ` mdmadr ef tgd Xevodt Tjoej* Ygd ojfnudjhd

ef Qusso` g`s nejb addj strejb oj tgos heujtry. ìk`hdjt te Xoadro` `ji

fermojb ` sdheji of jet forst nojd ef idfdjsd oj h`sd ef `jetgdr w`r wotg

K`p`j* Gdjhd. tgd J`toej`nosts" pn`js oj tgos iordhtoej wonn g`vd te

rdhebjozd tgd Qusso`j preandms adferd muhg prebrdss h`j ad dxpdhtdi*

Ygd Mejbens `rd jet djtordny `vdrsd te hemojb ojte ` fdidr`toej wotg `

strejb Hgojdsd bevdrjmdjt* Aut tgdy `rd ujidr strejb prdssurd frem

tgdor Qusso`j jdobgaers*

Xdvdr`n yd`rs `be tgd Mejbens st`bdi `j uprosojb `ji idhn`rdi

tgdmsdnvds ` idmehr`toh st`td. `ji tgd bevdrjmdjt `t ejhd idhn`rdi

tgd Mejbeno`j projhds" totnds veoi* @ idndb`toej frem Hg`rg`r. jertg-




wdst ef Sdlojb. w`s sdjt te J`jlojb `ji tgd qudstoej ef ujotojb wotg

tgd J`toej`nosts w`s ioshussdi* Ygd Mejbeno`js prdsdjtdi ` ndjbtgy

pdtotoejtr`hojb

tgd

idvdnepmdjtef tgdor easendtd aut `pp`rdjtny stonn

dffdhtovd ferm ef bevdrjmdjt* Oj ot. tgdy `ppd`ndi fer ùtejemeus rund

ujidr ` Ar`jhg Senotoh`n Heujhon frem J`jlojb* Ygd `ppd`n w`s

rdfdrrdi te tgd Hemmottdd ej Mejbeno`j `ji Yoadt`j @ffòrs* Aut tgd

sobjofoh`jt peojt os tg`t tgd Mejbens. te `nn ojtdjts `ji purpesds. g`vd

addj rdìy te ujotd wotg J`jlojb* Gew pr`htoh`n suhg ` ujoej mobgt

prevd os ` qudstoej. aut ot os ` mevd tew`ri tgd be`n ef wgohg tgd mdj

ujidr Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl ejhd ird`mdi

Gdrd `rd tgd dssdjto`n prepes`ns subbdstdi ay tgd Mejben idnd-

b`toej ;

0* Ygd Mejben hn`js pndibd `nndbo`jhd te tgd J`toej`nost

Bevdrjmdjt `ji pn`hd tgdmsdnvds ujidr tgd kurosiohtoej ef tgd

Luemojt`jb*

1* Oj nodu ef tgd prdsdjt tottujb `ji gsodj 'iostroht/ systdm

ef bevdrjmdjt tgd hn`js sg`nn adhemd tgd ìmojostr`tovd ujot.

d`hg hn`j dndhtojb ots ewj rdprdsdjt`tovd te ` Ar`jhg Senotoh`n

Heujhon* Ygd Heujhon sg`nn ad ujidr tgd iordht hejtren ef tgd

Hdjtr`n Senotoh`n Heujhon oj J`jlojb aut sg`nn jet ad rdspejsoand

te `jy ojtdrmdio`ry erb`j*

8* N`jis onndb`nny sdozdi frem tgd hn`js ay tgd monot`ry sg`nn

ad rdturjdi te tgd eroboj`n ewjdrs*

9* Ygd hn`js sg`nn adbr`jtdi

tgdrobgt

tepenohd

tgdor ewj

tdrrotery*

Ygdsd prepes`ns seujidi. oj ` w`y. nold ` suot fer pd`hd r`tgdr

tg`j `j effdr tgdj te keoj J`jlojb* Gewdvdr. dotgdr w`y. ejhd

`hhdptdi `ji werlojb. Ojjdr Mejbeno` weuni `t nd`st `hljewndibd tgd

rund ef tg`t bevdrjmdjt* Ygd ndìdrs ef Hgoj` stonn pn`j te arojb

Yoadt `ji Mejbeno` ujidr tgdor fn`b. pessoany `s st`tds ìgdrojb te tgd

J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt. aut `t nd`st p`rt ef ` Tjotdi Hgoj`*

Ygd Mejbeno`j idndb`toej idhn`rdi tgdy wdrd rdìy te fny tgd

J`toej`nost fn`b `ji p`rtohop`td oj tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt tgdj `t

J`jlojb* @s ` rdsunt ef tgos `ji ef tgd prebr`m oj tgd mojis ef tgd

jdj oj J`jlojb `j dffert w`s mìd te m`ld semd sert ef ferm`n st`rt

;:j arojbojb Yoadt `ji tgd Mejbeno`js ojte nojd* Ygd J`jlojb Bevdrj-

mdjt `jjeujhdi ` sdrods ef rdbun`toejs bevdrjojb tgd erb`joz`toej `ji



@ IQD@M YG@Y QOV@NX BDJBGOX LT@J 100

fujhtoejs ef tgd Mejbeno`j `ji Yoadt`j @ffòrs Hemmottdd oj tgd

J`toej`n rdbomd* 'Ygd J`jlojb Bevdrjmdjt jew fujhtoejs `t

Hgujblojb*/

Ygos hemmottdd. O `m teni. os semdtgojb `loj te tgd Ojio`j @ffòrs

Hemmottdd oj R`sgojbtej* Ygdrd os ` ioffdrdjhd. te ad surd. `t tgd

vdry st`rt. fer Yoadt `ji Ojjdr `ji Eutdr Mejbeno` `rd f`r frem

adojb ujidr tgd hejtren ef J`jlojb* Aut tgd iutods ef tgd jdw hem-

mottdd g`vd te ie wotg tgd ferm`toej ef ` systdm wgdrday tgd hem-

mottdd. `htojb ujidr `ji wotg tgd `pprev`n ef tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt.

dvdjtu`nny h`j sdt up ` hovon ìmojostr`toej tgreubgeut Yoadt `ji

Mejbeno`. suaerioj`td te J`jlojb ydt fujhtoejojb wotg ` n`rbd idbrdd

ef ùtejemy `s f`r `s st`td robgts `rd hejhdrjdi* Ygd rdbun`toejs

sdt fertg tg`t tgd hemmottdd"s kurosiohtoej ""sg`nn dxtdji evdr Mejbeno`

`ji Yoadt ejny. `ji oj tgd sdheji `rtohnd prevoid tg`t. `soid frem `

hgòrm`j `ji vohd-hgòrm`j. tgd hemmottdd sg`nn ojhnuid frem jojd

te dndvdj mdmadrs. `ppeojtdi ay tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt ej tgd

rdhemmdji`toej ef tgd Hgòrm`j ef tgd Dxdhutovd _u`j*

Ygd Dxdhutovd _u`j w`s ejd ef tgd fovd yu`j. er Heujhons. wgohg

g`jindi tgd ausojdss ef Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb* Ygd Hemmottdd. oj

tgd Bevdrjmdjt"s `jjeujhdmdjt ef ots ferm`toej. w`s ìmejosgdi te

adboj `t ejhd ej stdìy werl neelojb te tgd funfonmdjt ef tgd v`st

prebr`m ef dxp`jsoej tgd ndìdrs oj J`jlojb gepdi te sdd rd`nozdi*

Ygd aeiy mdt `t nd`st ejhd ` wddl oj ferm`n sdssoej `ji oj tgd md`j-

tomd tgd sua-iovosoejs. suhg `s tgd Xdhrdt`ro`t ef tgd Hemmottdd. tgd

Mejbeno`j @ffòrs Effohd `ji tgd Yoadt`j @ffòrs Effohd. h`rrodi ej

tgd iòny reutojd ef h`rryojb eut tgd oid`s `ji prekdhts ef tgd hem-

mottdd `s ` wgend*

Tjton 0?80 M`jhguro` fndw tgd Luemojt`jb. er J`toej`n S`rty.

dmandm idspotd eppesotoej tgdrd `mejb tgd ndìdrs se sdvdrd `s te

rdsunt oj tgd dxdhutoej ef twe ef tgdm* Ygd yeujb bevdrjer. M`rsg`n

Hg`jb Gsdug-no`jb. oj ` puanoh st`tdmdjt dxpnòjojb tgdor summ`ry

dxdhutoej. idhn`rdi tgdy eppesdi keojojb wotg J`jlojb* Ygdrd wdrd

etgdr hejsoidr`toejs. ojhnuiojb tgd ojtom`toej tgdy gì pnettdi te evdr-

tgrew tgd Mulidj rdbomd `ji dxtdji brd`tdr provondbds te K`p`j oj

M`jhguro`. `ji tgd `nndb`toej tg`t ejd ef tgdm mos`pprepro`tdi mejdy

oj hejjdhtoej wotg gos iutods `s gdì ef tgd Mulidj `rsdj`n*

Srevojhds oj ojtdroer Hgoj` `nse `rd ydt te ad areubgt ojte nojd

idfojotdny* Ygdsd ojhnuid _ujj`j ej tgd aeridr ef Aurm`. Xzdhgu`j




kust wdst ef G`jlew. L`jsu `ji Xojlo`jb oj tgd jertgwdst* Ygdrd

wonn ieuatndss ad nejb yd`rs ef aeridr w`rf`rd. iurojb wgohg ujsua-

kdhtdi a`jis ef keandssmdj.

drstwgond seniodrs

pdrg`ps

oj tgd `rmods

ef Hgoj`. Jertg er Xeutg. wonn prdy ej tgd heujtrysoid* Ygdrd wonn.

ot os ìmottdi. ad yd`rs ef budrronn` fobgtojb ef ` idsuntery aut orrot`tojb

sert. wgohg n`hl ef rònw`ys `ji meter reìs `ji hemmujoh`toejs

bdjdr`nny wonn m`ld ioffohunt ef supprdssoej* Ygdrd wonn ad tgd Kdssd

K`mdsds `ji tgd Hend _eujbdrs ef tgd aeridr n`jis te tgd Rdst ef

Hgoj` fer m`jy ` tdioeus yd`r tg`t os br`jtdi* Rg`t tgd mdj oj

hg`rbd ef tgos gì oj moji forst w`s bdttojb ` st`rt ej tgdor nejb `ji.

fer tgdm. pdrg`ps. jdvdr-djiojb pn`j*

Ygd hrotohosm tg`t tgos os g`riny tgd tomd te tgojl ef sddlojb furtgdr

dxp`jsoej os pdrg`ps wdnn breujidi* Aut ot os ioffohunt te hejvojhd tgd

J`jlojb Hgojdsd. jew oj Hgujblojb ef tg`t f`ht* Ygdy s`w tgd

rdvenutoej brew oj tdj yd`rs frem ` tojy uprosojb `reuji H`jtej te `

j`toejwoid mevdmdjt Ygd `rmods frem H`jtej. Qusso`j buoidi. wotg

prep`b`ji` `ji ` sohl Jertg `s tgdor `nnods. m`rhgdi wotg hemp`r`tovd

d`sd `hress tgd djtord f`hd ef Hgoj` oj ndss tg`j twe yd`rs `ji. oj `

md`surd. ujofodi tgd j`toej* Ot os jet ioffohunt. tgdj. fer tgdm te ird`m

ef `hhempnosgojb semdtgojb somon`r oj tgdor nofdtomd fer `nmest `nn @so`*

Ygdrd os je tdnnojb tgd euthemd ef tgdor nàers. tg`t os hdrtòj* Aut

ot must ad ìmottdi tg`t tgd shepd ef tgdor shgdmd `nejd os semdtgojb

te ìmord. te poqud tgd om`boj`toej* Ot os `j ojtdrdstojb of jet `

hurrdjtny ompert`jt pg`sd ef tgd `htovotods ef tgd Hgujblojb Bevdrj-

mdjt.

Iovdrbdjhd oj tgd speldj n`jbu`bd os ejd ef tgd aobbdst east`hnds

te ujoty oj tgd @so`toh heujtrods. `s oj Durepd* Ygd Mojostry ef

Diuh`toej oj tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt g`s ` prebr`m te pepun`rozd

tgd usd ef M`ji`roj `s tgd effoho`n `ji. dvdjtu`nny. tgd ejny n`jbu`bd

ef `nn Hgoj`* Ygd weri m`ji`roj md`js effoho`n. oj Hgojdsd* @M`ji`roj oj tgd eni i`ys w`s ` m`bostr`td* Gdjhd. tgd M`ji`roj

n`jbu`bd w`s tgd effoho`n heurt n`jbu`bd*

Rgdjdvdr ` m`j ef premojdjhd oj Hgoj` m`lds `j ìirdss gd

prdfdrs te spd`l oj M`ji`roj Etgdrwosd gos ùiodjhd mobgt tgojl

gom ujdiuh`tdi `ji ujwertgy ef gos gobg effohd* Dvdj stuidjts oj

gobg shgeens `ji henndbds oj Xg`jbgò `ji tgd seutg ef Hgoj` ie jet

`nn spd`l M`ji`roj. `ntgeubg tgd m`keroty ef tgdm ieuatndss h`j

ujidrst`ji oj ` bdjdr`n w`y wgdj speldj te oj tgd effoho`n tejbud*



@ IQD@M YG@Y QOV@NX BDJBGOX LG@J 108

Ot os `nse ` f`ht tg`t m`jy stuidjts rdturjojb te Hgoj` frem @mdroh`j

ujovdrsotods wgdj spd`lojb te etgdr stuidjts frem ` ioffdrdjt sdhtoej

ef Hgoj` t`nl oj Djbnosg* Jew `ji tgdj tgdy m`y n`psd ojte tgdor

ewj tejbud er spd`l M`ji`roj of tgdy `rd ànd. aut ot os ojtdrdstojb

te jetd tg`t wgdj tgdy ie tgos tgdy `nmest ojv`roàny `hhemp`jy tgdor

weris wotg ` ir`wojb ef tgd Hgojdsd hg`r`htdr oj tgd òr er ej semd

hejvdjodjt surf`hd*

Ygd wrottdj n`jbu`bd. ef heursd. os tgd s`md tgreubgeut Hgoj`*

Ygd hg`r`htdrs. tg`t os. `rd tgd s`md* Ygdrd m`y ad semd sgìds ef

md`jojb oj v`roeus sdhtoejs ef tgd heujtry tg`t ioffdr frem etgdrs.

aut tgdsd `rd hemp`r`tovdny fdw*

Ygd usd ef poiboj Djbnosg os wdnn jobg ujovdrs`n `mejb tgd

newdr hn`ssds* Fer dx`mpnd. m`jy ef tgd sdrv`jts ej ae`ri tgd tr`js-

S`hofoh nojdrs `rd Hgojdsd* Ygdsd Hgojdsd aeys m`y hemd frem `jy

sdhtoej ef Hgoj`* @ji wgdj. `s eftdj ehhurs. ` Xg`jbgò aey w`jts

te be ej `j drr`ji wgond gos sgop os oj pert oj Gejblejb. gd spd`ls

oj poiboj Djbnosg* Ygos pdhuno`r `ji pohturdsqud k`rbej g`s brewj

up `nejb tgd Hgoj` he`st oj tgd p`st hdjtury*

Ot os jet. `s os bdjdr`nny suppesdi. ` rdsunt ejny ef tgd Hgojdsd

dfferts te nd`rj ` usdfun ar`ji ef Djbnosg* Ot g`s brewj eut ef dfferts

ej d`hg soid te rd`hg semd speldj mdtgei ef dxprdssoej rdìony hem-

prdgdjsoand te tgd etgdr* Ygd dxprdssoejs `rd mìd ay tgd usd ef

Djbnosg weris er pdrvdrsoejs ef Djbnosg weris. trud* Aut tgd ferm

oj tgd mòj os ` iordht tr`jsn`toej ef tgd Hgojdsd dxprdssoej fer tgd

s`md md`jojb* Fer dx`mpnd. of ejd w`jts ` rohlsg`w gd tdnns tgd

Hgojdsd aey semdtgojb nold tgos; My w`jthgdd ejd podhod rohlsg`w*

Jew tg`t os jet `s f`r frem wg`t tgd Hgojdsd weuni s`y oj gos ewj

n`jbu`bd `s ejd mobgt tgojl* Ygos n`jbu`bd g`s usdi Djbnosg `s

ots a`sos ej ` suastruhturd ef Hgojdsd br`mm`toh`n hejstruhtoej*

Ygd preandm ef td`hgojb tgd Hgojdsd m`ssds te spd`l ` jdw n`j-

bu`bd `ji tg`t os wg`t M`ji`roj os te tgdm os ` aob ejd* Ygdrd

`rd preaàny `s m`jy n`jbu`bds. er io`ndhts. oj Hgoj` `s tgdrd `rd

n`jbu`bds oj Durepd* Ot os `nmest nold tryojb te td`hg dvdry m`j.

wem`j `ji hgoni oj Durepd te spd`l Djbnosg. er `jy etgdr ejd

n`jbu`bd* Yg`t mobgt dvdj ad d`sodr adhùsd tgd st`ji`ri ef diu-

h`toej tgdrd os ojfojotdny gobgdr. tgdrd `rd puanoh shgeen systdms `nrdìy

oj epdr`toej `ji tgd puanoh bdjdr`nny g`s nd`rjdi te rdì `ji wrotd*

Ay f`r tgd brd`tdr p`rt ef tgd Hgojdsd pdepnd h`jjet dvdj rdì `ji




wrotd* @ st`rt must ad m`id. gewdvdr. `utgerotods oj tgd Mojostry ef

Diuh`toej fdnt* Gdjhd. ` J`toej`n N`jbu`bd Tjofoh`toej Srdp`r`tery

Hemmottdd g`s addj `ppeojtdi*



07 XEMD @MDQOH@JX RGE RDQD YGDQD

JE QDHEQI ef tgdsd storrojb yd`rs wgohg wd `rd ioshussojb

weuni ad hempndtd wotgeut ` hg`ptdr idvetdi te tgd stery ef

ef tgd @mdroh`js `ji Djbnosgmdj wge wdrd tgdj oj pesotoejs

ef ùtgeroty oj Hgoj`*

Ygos rdsumd ef tgd `htovotods ef tgesd ndìdrs ef mdj h`rrods us

a`hl fer ` arodf memdjt te tgd semadr p`ssojb ef ` M`rojd effohdr.

wge iodi ay gos ewj g`ji* Ygd tr`boh id`tg oj Xg`jbgò ef Henejdn

Hg`rnds X`jidrsej Gonn. hemm`jiojb effohdr ef tgd 9tg Qdbomdjt ef

tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojds. rdmevdi ejd ef tgd mest aronno`jt foburds

oj tgos ar`jhg ef tgd @mdroh`j sdrvohd* Henejdn Gonn w`s feuji idì

oj gos adireem `t Qdbomdjt`n Gdìqu`rtdrs Mdss oj tgd Frdjhg Hej-

hdssoej. `t 7;17 ej tgd merjojb ef Meji`y. Xdptdmadr 4. 0?12* Oj

gos robgt g`ji w`s `j ùtem`toh posten @ aunndt tgreubg tgd aròj

gì hùsdi id`tg* @pp`rdjtny tgd a`rrdn ef tgd sdrvohd wd`pej gì

addj pn`hdi oj gos meutg `ji tgd posten ioshg`rbdi*

Henejdn Gonn gì jet addj oj beei gd`ntg sojhd gos `rrov`n tgd

prdhdiojb Fdaru`ry oj hemm`ji ef tgd forst hejtojbdjt ef @mdroh`jM`rojds te hemd eut te Hgoj` oj tgd dmdrbdjhy* Idspejidjhy aer-

idrojb ej mdn`jhgeno`. ojiuhdi ay gos hejst`jt ojiospesotoej. w`s. tgd

effoho`n rdpert sòi. tgd `pp`rdjt metovd fer gos suohoid*

Gos id`tg w`s ` iostojht sgehl te Xg`jbgò. wgdrd tgd hemm`jidr

gì adhemd mest pepun`r iurojb gos hemp`r`tovdny sgert rdsoidjhd*

Gd gì addj `htovd oj tgd nofd ef tgd ferdobj hemmujoty `ji gos kevo`n

beei j`turd `t tgd hnuas `ji dnsdwgdrd gì wej gom ` gest ef rd`n

frodjis* Idspotd gos onnjdss. Henejdn Gonn rdfusdi te hd`sd werl. `jigd `ppd`rdi tgreubg tgd gd`t ef @ubust `t gos effohd `t M`rojd gdì-

qu`rtdrs dvdry i`y up te tgd n`st*

Ygd Meji`y merjojb ef gos id`tg Henejdn Gonn `resd `s usu`n. gì

ard`lf`st wotg tgd @mdroh`j j`v`n mdioh`n effohdr `tt`hgdi te tgd 9tg

Qdbomdjt. `ji wdjt a`hl upstòrs* Oj funn ujoferm. st`jiojb adsoid

gos adi. gd pn`hdi gos posten oj gos meutg `ji fordi* Ygd iehter gd`ri

104




gos aeiy f`nn `ji rusgdi ojte tgd reem te foji tgd hemm`jidr nyojb

ej tgd fneer idì* Nodut*-Henejdn F* I* Lonberd. wge suhhddidi

Henejdn Gonn `s hemm`jiojb effohdr. tdndpgejdi md sgertny `ftdr dndvdj

e"hnehl tg`t merjojb* O wosg yeu weuni hemd eut te Gdìqu`rtdrs

`s seej `s pessoand. gd sòi* Henejdn Gonn iodi tgos merjojb%"

Henejdn Hg`rnds X`jidrsej Gonn w`s ` brìu`td aetg ef @jj`penos

`ji Rdst Seojt. `ji w`s rdb`ridi `s ejd ef tgd adst shgeendi effohdrs

oj tgd sdrvohd* Gos h`rddr w`s eutst`jiojb oj m`jy w`ys. `ji ot w`s

rumerdi tg`t gd w`s sgertny te g`vd addj ròsdi te tgd r`jl ef

Arobìodr-Bdjdr`n Iurojb gos nejb sdrvohd oj tgd M`rojd Herps.

Henejdn Gonn teel `j `htovd p`rt oj v`roeus h`mpòbjs. ojhnuiojb

sdrvohd oj Hgoj` iurojb tgd Aexdr Qdadnnoej. oj tgd Sgonoppojds. oj tgd

Xp`josg-@mdroh`j R`r. `ji evdrsd`s iuty iurojb tgd Rerni R`r*

Sroer te tgd Xp`josg-@mdroh`j R`r. gd gì sdrvdi `s ` j`v`n hìdt*

Oj @pron. 07??. gd `hhdptdi ` hemmossoej oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds M`rojd

Herps*

Iurojb tgd Aexdr Qdadnnoej. Henejdn Gonn sdrvdi àe`ri sgop oj

Hgojdsd w`tdrs @ftdr sdrvohd oj tgd Sgonoppojds gd adh`md M`rojd

Fnddt Effohdr oj tgd S`hofoh Fnddt. t`lojb `j `htovd p`rt oj tgd h`mpòbj

oj Joh`r`bu` oj 0?01* Iurojb tgd Rerni R`r Henejdn Gonn w`s

`tt`hgdi te tgd @nnodi `rmods `s `j easdrvdr oj Fr`jhd. ` pest `t wgohg

gd wej pròsd* @ftdr tgd w`r. gd w`s Hemm`jiojb Effohdr ef tgd

M`rojd A`rr`hls. J`vy _`ri. Sgonìdnpgo`. frem 0?18 te 0?16* Gd

w`s tr`jsfdrrdi te X`j Iodbe `s Hemm`jidr ef tgd 9tg Qdbomdjt. `ji

h`md te Hgoj` wotg tgdm*

+ + +

Rotg tgd `ppeojtmdjt d`rny oj 0?1? ef Mr* F* R* M`zd. fermdrny

Hemmossoejdr ef Hustems `t Xg`jbgò. `s Ojspdhter-Bdjdr`n ef Hus-

tems. tgd Ojspdhter`td-Bdjdr`n w`s rdmevdi frem Sdlojb te J`jlojb*

Ygd X`nt Bàdnnd effohds wdrd hnesdi oj Sdlojb semd mejtgs adferd

`ji j`tur`nny tgd Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt ìmojostr`tovd effohds oj Sdlojb

ujidr tgd eni rdbomds wdrd hnesdi wgdj Sdlojb fdnn* Ygd J`jlojbBevdrjmdjt idtdrmojdi te m`ld tgd jdw h`pot`n tgd h`pot`n oj f`ht `s

wdnn `s oj j`md wotg tgd sgertdst pessoand idn`y*

Ygd `ppeojtmdjt ef Mr* M`zd. wge os Arotosg `ji jew Xor

Frdidrohl M`zd. ioi jet hemd `s ` surprosd. `ntgeubg ot w`s jet

bdjdr`nny ljewj tg`t gos suhhdssoej te Mr* @. G* F. Diw`rids. `nse

Arotosg. weuni hemd se quohlny. Ygdrd gì addj semdtgojb ef ` fobgt



XEMD @MDQOH@JX RGE RDQD YGDQD 102

ej adtwddj wg`t adh`md ljewj `s tgd M`zd `ji tgd Diw`rids f`h-

toejs oj tgd Hustems @imojostr`toej* Diw`rids w`s `ppeojtdi @htojb

Ojspdhter-Bdjdr`n oj Fdaru`ry ef 0?12.

suhhddiojb

Xor Fr`jhos

@bndjwge w`s eustdi ay tgd n`td M`rsg`n Hg`jb Yse-noj. tgdj oj pewdr oj

Sdlojb* Gos `ppeojtmdjt w`s fer ejd yd`r* Ot gì dxpordi. aut gd

hejtojudi adhùsd ef tgd hejtoju`jhd ef tgd hovon w`r `ji ots `ttdji`jt

iosturadi hejiotoejs tgreubgeut tgd heujtry*

Fennewojb tgd f`nn ef Sdlojb. tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt turjdi ots

`ttdjtoej te `ffòrs ef st`td* Ejd ef tgd preandms w`s tgd st`tus ef

Mr* Diw`rids `ji tgd pessoand `ppeojtmdjt ef ` suhhdsser* Mr* M`zd.

ot w`s ljewj. w`s frodjiny tew`ri tgd jdw Bevdrjmdjt wgond tgdrd

wdrd semd wge fdnt. pdrg`ps. tg`t Mr* Diw`rids. wgond ieuatndss

dffohodjt. mobgt jet werl se wdnn wotg tgd Mojostry ef Foj`jhd oj

J`jlojb*

Rg`tdvdr tgd epojoejs wdrd tg`t hùsdi tgd preandm te adhemd

merd er ndss `hutd. tgd f`ht rdmòjs tg`t Mr* Diw`rids" rd-`ppeojtmdjt

er iosmoss`n w`s gdni up fer mejtgs pdjiojb ` idfojotd idhosoej* Ygdj

oj tgd ùtumj ef 0?17 h`md `jjeujhdmdjt ef tgd Mojostry ef Foj`jhd

ef gos `ppeojtmdjt `s effoho`tojb Ojspdhter-Bdjdr`n* Mr* M`zd w`s

bovdj `j `sseho`td pesotoej oj tgd Hustems `t tgd s`md tomd. wgond

hejtojuojb `s Hemmossoejdr oj Xg`jbgò* Ot w`s aruotdi àeut tgdj

tg`t tgos w`s mdrdny ` f`hd-s`vojb prepesotoej fer Mr* Diw`rids.

`ji tg`t gd weuni seej g`vd te rdsobj* Gd ioi. `ji oj gos jetd ef

rdsobj`toej ossudikust

adferd tgd dji ef tgd yd`r. gd idpnerdi tgd iu`n

hejtren*

Mr* M`zd w`s `ppeojtdi `nmest `t ejhd. `s gì addj dxpdhtdi. `ji.

preaàny `htojb ej ojstruhtoejs frem Foj`jhd Mojostdr Y* V* Xeejb.

eridrdi tgd rdmev`n ef tgd @imojostr`toej effohds te J`jlojb* Ygdy

fujhtoejdi oj Xg`jbgò pdjiojb tgd hejstruhtoej ef ìdqu`td effohd

auoniojbs oj tgd jdw h`pot`n Effohd sp`hd w`s `t ` prdmoum `ji tgd

Ojspdhter`td-Bdjdr`n nold m`jy etgdr iovosoejs ef tgd Bevdrjmdjt

fujhtoejdi `s adst ot heuni tgdrd `ji oj J`jlojb*

Mr* M`zd gì addj oj tgd Hustems sdrvohd fer merd tg`j ` qu`rtdr

ef ` hdjtury `ji gos `ppeojtmdjt w`s rdb`ridi wotg s`tosf`htoej oj

mest horhnds* Ygdrd w`s semd ojioh`toej `t tgd tomd ef gos dndv`toej

te hgodf ef tgd sdrvohd tg`t. oj`smuhg `s gd mobgt ad dxpdhtdi te rdtord

oj twe yd`rs er se. gd w`s bovdj tgd effohd `s ` tdmper`ry hempremosd*

Ygos w`s effoho`nny idjodi*




Ot w`s ljewj. gewdvdr. tg`t tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt `spordi te

rdbòj hempndtd hejtren ef tgd Hustems @imojostr`toej* Gdjhd. tgd

rumer pdrsostdi tg`t dfferts te tgos dji weuni ad fertghemojb `t je

iost`jt i`td* Ygd @imojostr`toej w`s dstànosgdi eroboj`nny semd

soxty yd`rs `be `s ` md`js ef s`fdbu`riojb tgd brd`t ferdobj idats

sdhurdi ej tgd Hustems* Ygd Sewdrs ojtdrdstdi. hgodfny Arotòj.

K`p`j `ji Fr`jhd. h`j g`riny ad dxpdhtdi te bovd up tgos ferm ef

supdrvosoej `s nejb `s tgdrd `rd eutst`jiojb ne`js sdhurdi ej tgd

t`roffs* Gewdvdr. ot weuni jet ad surprosojb te sdd tgd Hustems

Ojspdhter`td-Bdjdr`nsgop be te ` Hgojdsd oj tgd jdxt fdw yd`rs

+ + +

@ jdw dr` w`s nùjhgdi oj Fdaru`ry. 0?1?. oj Hgoj`"s nejb ios-

turadi foj`jho`n sotu`toej wotg tgd `rrov`n ef ` hemmossoej ef soxtddj

@mdroh`j dhejemoh dxpdrts gdìdi ay Sref* Diwoj R`ntdr Ldmmdrdr.

tgd mejdy-iehter. te sddl te stàonozd tgd v`rodi hurrdjhy ef tgd

j`toej `ji pessoany te hg`jbd tgd sonvdr st`ji`ri te beni* Ygd hem-

mossoej ojhnuidi jumdreus premojdjt @mdroh`js jetdi fer tgdor ljewn-

dibd ef a`jlojb. auibdtojb. hurrdjhy. fosh`n `ji foj`jhojb preandms*

Ygd breup w`s `mejb m`jy somon`r hemmossoejs wgohg wdrd tgdj

wotg @mdroh`j djdrby òiojb tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt te prehddi

s`jdny wotg ots `maotoeus shgdmds te rdjev`td tgd w`r-terj `ji a`hl-

w`ri heujtry ej meidrj nojds*

Srefdsser Ldmmdrdr gì jet muhg te s`y upej n`jiojb etgdr tg`j

te rdm`rl. @ iehter os ujànd te io`bjesd tgd p`todjt proer te `j

dx`moj`toej. aut gd ìidi tg`t gd ojtdjidi te bdt te werl ommd-

io`tdny* Gd hejfdrrdi wotg tgd Foj`jhd Mojostdr. Y* V* Xeejb. mest

ef tg`t i`y `ji `nse wotg tgd Qònw`ys Mojostdr. Xuj-Fe* Ygd moni-

m`jjdrdi aut djdrbdtoh prefdsser oj gos d`rny foftods. wge g`s rdvovdi

tgd iyojb foj`jhds ef jumdreus j`toejs iurojb gos rdm`rlànd h`rddr.

w`s jejhemmott`n hejhdrjojb tgd òms ef tgd hemmossoej aut gd

sddmdi mest d`bdr te st`rt werl ej tgd t`sl fer wgohg Srojhdtej

Tjovdrsoty `nnewdi gom te ad àsdjt fer ` yd`r frem tgd hgòr ef

dhejemohs*

Ygd hgodf `ssobjmdjt w`s tgdhdjtr`nozojb ef Fdidr`n hejtren ef

Hgoj`"s rdvdjuds. te ad fennewdi ay dstànosgojb ` ujoferm hurrdjhy

ef tgd s`md dxhg`jbd v`nud tgreubgeut tgd heujtry* Ygd tgori t`sl

w`s te àenosg tgd t`dn systdm. wgohg os tgd hustem ef usojb ejd eujhd

ef purd sonvdr. ljewj `s tgd t`dn. `s tgd a`sos ef dxhg`jbd. hùsojb `



XEMD @MDQOH@JX RGE RDQD YGDQD 10?

ieuand tr`js`htoej wgdj hg`jbojb ferdobj hurrdjhy ojte `jy Hgojdsd

mejdy er vohd vdrs`* Ygd Hemmossoej eutnojdi ` auibdt ej tgd pr`h-

toh`n a`sos ef hurrdjt rdvdjuds wgohg hevdrdi hejstruhtoej prekdhts ef

v`st shepd `ji wgohg w`s idsobjdi te rdp`y tgd jumdreus ferdobj

ne`js te Hgoj` oj tgd sgertdst pessoand pdroei*

Sremojdjt mdmadrs ef tgd hemmossoej wdrd Ir* @rtgur Johgens

_eujb. dxpdrt oj puanoh hrdiot. wge rdsobjdi `s dhejemoh ìvosdr te

tgd Xt`td Idp`rtmdjt< Ir* Enovdr H* Nehlg`rt. Herjdnn `ji Auff`ne

Tjovdrsotods. t`x dxpdrt< R* A Sen`ji. Rdst Seojt. J* _*. dxpdrt oj

rònw`y foj`jhd< Ir* Adjk`moj A* R`nn`hd. fer semd yd`rs spdho`n

dxpdrt te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Y`roff Hemmossoej< Ir* Frdidrohl @*

Hndvdn`ji. Aestej Tjovdrsoty. auibdt dxpdrt< F* A* Nyjhg ef tgd

J`toej`n Hoty A`jl. dxpdrt ej a`jlojb mdtgeis< Ronno`m R`tsej.

fermdrny ef tgd f`hunty ef Xyr`husd Tjovdrsoty. spdho`nost oj fosh`n hej-

tren< Qohg`ri R* Aejjdvonnd. fermdrny ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Hem-

mdrhd Idp`rtmdjt. dxpdrt oj fosh`n hejtren< Diw`ri F* Fddny ef Jdw

_erl. hejsunt`jt ej dxpert trìd foj`jhojb 8 bdjdr`n sdhrdt`ry ef tgd

hemmossoej. `ji Ir* Fr`jl R* Fdttdr. brìu`td ef Srojhdtej `ji

G`rv`ri `ji prefdsser ef dhejemohs `t Srojhdtej. ujidrsdhrdt`ry*

Etgdr mdmadrs ojhnuidi tgd st`ff `ji tgdor f`monods. `ji semd rdmòjdi

nejbdr tg`j ` yd`r*

Ygd ojfnux ef @mdroh`j ìvosdrs. er dxpdrts. omprdssdi ferdobjdrs

`s wdnn `s tgd Hgojdsd wotg tgd idtdrmoj`toej ef J`jlojb te prehddi

ej wg`t. ndss tg`j ` yd`r d`rnodr. wdrd hejsoidrdi tgd ompr`htoh`n

vosoejs ef ird`mdrs `ji oid`nosts* Ygd prdiemoj`jt p`rt @mdroh`js

pn`ydi oj tgd rdauoniojb ef Hgoj` hùsdi ojhrd`sojb hemmdjt* Ir*

Ldmmdrdr strdssdi tgd f`ht tg`t `nn mdmadrs ef tgd hemmossoej fer-

mdrny hejjdhtdi wotg tgd R`sgojbtej Bevdrjmdjt gì sdvdrdi tgdor

effoho`n hejjdhtoejs proer te hemojb te Hgoj`< gdjhd. tgd hemmossoej

w`s ujeffoho`n* Ygdrd w`s je sdman`jhd ef @mdroh`j bevdrjmdjt`n

suppert wg`tsedvdr* + + +

Henejdn Gdjry N Xtomsej `ji Kegj V`j @* M`hMurr`y. tgdj

@mdroh`j Mojostdr. wdrd budsts ef Ir* H* Y* R`jb. fermdr Ferdobj

Mojostdr ef tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt. `ji Ir* G* G* Lujb. n`tdr

Mojostdr ef Foj`jhd. `t `j ojferm`n prov`td iojjdr oj Xg`jbgò oj tgd

sprojb ef 0?1?* @mejb tgd etgdr budsts. `soid frem @mdroh`j ef-

foho`ns. wdrd etgdr Hàojdt mdmadrs `ji semd ef Henejdn Xtomsej"s

Hgojdsd frodjis oj gobg effoho`n pesotoejs*




Ygd fujhtoej w`s djtordny ujeffoho`n* Mrs* Xtomsej `ji tgd wovds

ef tgd etgdrs wdrd prdsdjt `ji tgdrd wdrd je spddhgds. tgd Bevdrjer-

Bdjdr`n ef tgd Sgonoppojds idhnojojb effoho`nnyte ioshuss gos futurd er

`jy etgdr preandms iurojb gos semdwg`t gurrodi keurjdy te R`sgojb-

tej te adhemd Xdhrdt`ry ef Xt`td* Gd hejfdrrdi wotg Mr* M`hMurr`y

adferd tgd iojjdr. aut aetg effoho`ns ojsostdi tg`t tgdor mddtojb w`s

purdny pdrsej`n `ji w`s jet rdn`tdi te Henejdn Xtomsej"s preaànd

iordhtoej ef @mdroh`"s penohy tew`ri Hgoj` frem R`sgojbtej. tgd

Henejdn dxpnòjojb tg`t gd w`s j`tur`nny ojtdrdstdi oj Hgojdsd `ffòrs

aut. fer tgd prdsdjt `t nd`st. purdny `s Bevdrjer-Bdjdr`n ef tgd Sgonop-

pojds `ji `j @mdroh`j hotozdj*

_eu `rd mddtojb md `s tgd Bevdrjer-Bdjdr`n ef tgd Sgonoppojds.

Henejdn Xtomsej teni md* O `m pesotovdny ujànd te `fform tgd rumers

ef my `ppeojtmdjt te tgd Hàojdt oj `jy pest wg`tdvdr* Xe f`r `s tgd

Sgonoppojds `rd hejhdrjdi. tgd p`st yd`r os bdjdr`nny hejsoidrdi te g`vd

mìd gostery oj eur rdn`toejs wotg tgd osn`jis. wgohg os gobgny br`to-

fyojb te md `ji te etgdrs oj my ìmojostr`toej* O adnodvd tg`t tgd

dxprdssdi `ttotuid ef tgd Fonopoje ndìdrs. tgd idsord te heepdr`td wotg

tgd @mdroh`j ìmojostr`toej ef tgd osn`jis os djtordny sojhdrd* Iurojb

tgd yd`r wd g`vd auont tgd fr`mdwerl ef tgos penohy wgohg O gepd wonn

nejb rdmòj `ji brew* Yg`t tgd eni eppesotoej os fìojb `w`y os

rd`sejàny hnd`r oj tgd brd`t idvdnepmdjts `nejb tgdsd nojds*

Mr* M`hMurr`y sòi tg`t gos vosot te J`jlojb `ji Xg`jbgò gì

je penotoh`n ompert`jhd*

Ots ejny pessoand rdn`toej te puanoh `ffòrs. gd sòi. w`s my

ojquory ojte hdrtòj pg`sds ef J`jlojb"s jdw trìdm`rl rdbostr`toej

n`w. wgohg O wosg te hn`rofy* O ioi jet ioshuss penotohs wotg Ir* R`jber `jy ejd dnsd ydstdri`y `t J`jlojb. `ji ioi jet ojtdji te* Ygd

purpesd ef my vosot w`s prom`rony te `hquòjt mysdnf pdrsej`nny wotg

tgd prebrdss ef `ffòrs `t J`jlojb* Mest ef tgd etgdr Mojostdrs g`vd

vosotdi J`jlojb rdhdjtny. `ji O gì addj pn`jjojb ` somon`r keurjdy

fer semd tomd aut w`s ujànd te nd`vd Sdlojb ujton jew*+ + +

Rgdj tgd n`td @imor`n M`rl N* Arosten. hemm`jidr-oj-hgodf ef tgd

@mdroh`j J`v`n `ji M`rojd ferhds oj tgd F`r D`st fer twe yd`rs.

idp`rtdi fer R`sgojbtej `t tgd dji ef summdr ef 0?1?. gd ndft adgoji

` rdm`rlàny n`rbd `ji strolojbny sojhdrd horhnd ef frodjis jet ejny

`mejb tgd ferdobjdrs tgreubgeut tgd Erodjt. aut Hgojdsd ef `nn w`nls




ef nofd* Ygd j`v`n effohdr-iopnem`t h`md te Hgoj` frem Yurldy.

`rrovojb n`td oj @ubust. 0?12. `ji t`lojb evdr hemm`ji ef tgd @so`toh

Xt`toej ej Xdptdmadr ? ef tg`t yd`r frem @imor`n H* X* Ronno`ms*

Ygdrd g`vd. te ad surd. addj je ujpepun`r mdj wge g`vd gdni tgos

gobg pest oj tgd @mdroh`j J`vy. aut ot os pdrg`ps jet ojherrdht te s`y

tg`t wotg tgd ìvdjt ef @imor`n Arosten"s `ssumptoej ef hemm`ji `

stonn merd herio`n rdn`toejsgop dxostdi adtwddj tgd gdì ef eur pre-

tdhtovd ferhds tgdrd `ji tgd ausojdss mdj. @mdroh`j mossoej`rods `ji

etgdrs wge wdjt eut te tgd d`st te areìdj tgd shepd ef eur hemmdrhd

`ji hovonoz`toej oj tgd werni* Frem tgd vdry adbojjojb. @imor`n

Arosten mìd ot `pp`rdjt gd w`jtdi te mddt tgd ausojdss mdj. te bdt

tgdor vodws. te ljew tgdor preandms* Gd noldwosd w`jtdi te mddt tgd

Hgojdsd wge wdrd iordhtojb tgd idstojods ef tgdor heujtry* Gd mdt

tgd mdj hejiuhtojb tgd J`toej`nost rdvenutoej oj Xg`jbgò. `ji n`tdr

gd wdjt jertg `ji oj Sdlojb `ji dnsdwgdrd mdt tgd mdj wge wdrd

tgdj hema`tojb tgd Xeutgdrj ferhds*

Gd w`jtdi te bdt `t `nn soids ef tgd sotu`toej* @ji gd ljdw gew

te be àeut ot* Ygd sekeurj ef tgd @imor`n oj @so`toh w`tdrs w`s jet

gos forst* Gd wdjt eut te Hgoj` `s `j djsobj jd`rny fofty yd`rs `be

`ji n`tdr sdrvdi ej tgd _`jbtzd S`tren `ji w`s oj Hgoj` `t tgd eut-

ard`l ef tgd forst rdvenutoej oj 0?00. wgdj tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty w`s

evdrtgrewj `ji tgd forst `ttdmpts `t ` Qdpuanoh wdrd ojdffdhtovdny aut

pdrsostdjtny mìd* Furtgdrmerd. gos dxpdrodjhd `s tgd @mdroh`j Gobg

Hemmossoejdr oj Yurldy. iurojb ` strolojbny somon`r pdroei wgdj tg`t

heujtry `ftdr tgd Brd`t R`r wdjt tgreubg ` pdroei ef j`toej`n rdg`-

aonot`toej `ji bevdrjmdjt`n rdferm. steei tgd @imor`n oj beei stdì

oj Hgoj`*

Buoidi ay gos dxpdrodjhds oj tgd Jd`r D`st fennewojb ` h`rdfun

stuiy ef `ffòrs `s tgdy wdrd wgdj gd `rrovdi oj Hgoj`. @imor`n

Arosten fermdi tgd hejvohtoej tg`t tgd J`toej`nost ferhds oj Hgoj`

weuni dmdrbd vohteroeus* Gd j`tur`nny heuni t`ld je soids dotgdr oj

weri er `ht. aut tgdrd w`s ` tdjidjhy oj gos `ttotuid te nd`j tew`ri

tgd J`toej`nosts `s tgd adttdr ferhd tew`ri prebrdss fer tgd pdepnd ef

tgd heujtry* Gd mìd ot ` peojt jdvdr te prepgdsy* Jdvdrtgdndss.

gos sdjsojb ef tgd trdji ef dvdjts w`s `s `hhur`td ` a`remdtdr `s

heuni ad idsordi. `s tgojbs turjdi eut* @ji gd w`s ànd te kuibd

r`tgdr adttdr tg`j etgdr easdrvdrs adhùsd ef gos herio`n `ttotuid

tew`ri tgd Hgojdsd wge heuni bovd gom ojferm`toej hejhdrjojb wg`t




w`s g`ppdjojb oj tgos er tg`t f`htoej oj tgd rdvenutoej er oj tgd Jertg*

@imor`n Arosten sdrvdi oj tgd @so`toh Xt`toej `t ` tomd wgdj ot

w`s gobgny ompert`jt te lddp pestdi* Xe `mejb tgd forst tgojbs gd

ioi w`s te bdt `hquòjtdi pdrsej`nny wotg suhg mdj `s tgd n`td Ir*

H* H* Ru. tgdj Ferdobj Mojostdr oj tgd J`jlojb Bevdrjmdjt. Ir*

H* Y* R`jb. tgdj jet effoho`nny oj penotohsaut n`tdr Ferdobj Mojostdr

`t J`jlojb `ji ejhd @ma`ssìer oj R`sgojbtej. Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl. `ji etgdrs*

Gd mdt tgdsd mdj. t`nldi wotg tgdm. `ji nd`rjdi muhg frem tgos

pdrsej`n hejt`ht* Ygd mddtojbs `nw`ys wdrd purdny ujeffoho`n. te ad

surd* R`sgojbtej gì jet tgdj rdhebjozdi J`jlojb* Ygd n`ji w`s

iovoidi ay hovon w`r* Ot w`s ` tomd rdquorojb iopnem`toh prehdiurd

ojiddi te mddt tgd mdj ej aetg soids wotg dqu`n t`ht `ji ojtdrdstdi

frodjisgop* Ygdrd w`s jdvdr tgdj jer g`s tgdrd dvdr addj `jy rd`sej

te tgojl @imor`n Arosten. ay mddtojb mdj oj tgd forst J`jlojb Bevdrj-

mdjt. ndjt dvdj mer`n òi te tg`t hùsd* Jer ay ioshussojb `ffòrs

wotg tgd mdj oj Sdlojb ioi gd g`vd `jy jetoej ef ojfnudjhojb tgdm

ejd w`y er tgd etgdr* Gd w`s mdrdny sddlojb ojferm`toej. `ji gd

bet ot*

@ji gd bet semd hrotohosm. `s wdnn* Ygdrd w`s fer ` wgond semd-

tgojb ef ` fddnojb tg`t tgd @imor`n w`s jet djtordny ioshrddt oj mddtojb

tgd mdj ndìojb ` rdvenutoej`ry hùsd* Ot w`s sòi oj v`roeus horhnds

tg`t pdrg`ps gd weuni hùsd treuand ay suhg `htoejs Gos frodjisgop

tew`ri tgd Hgojdsd. wg`tdvdr tgdor penotohs. `reusdi ` hdrtòj `jtop`tgy

`mejb tgesd ferdobjdrs wge wdrd jet ànd te sdd tgd snobgtdst hg`jbd

oj Hgoj`* Gos ìvohd jdvdr bovdj `s ìvohd aut mdrdny `s epojoej

oj frodjiny hejvdrs`toejs wotg @mdroh`j rdsoidjts tg`t tgd ferdobjdrs

sgeuni bdt adttdr `hquòjtdi wotg tgd Hgojdsd. `hhdptojb tgdm seho`nny

te ` brd`tdr idbrdd `ji trd`tojb tgdm `s dqu`ns. areubgt gd`tdi `rbu-

mdjts* Aut tgdrd os ` hg`jbdi `ttotuid jew. `ji tgesd wge hrotohozdi

h`md te ìmot tgd @imor`n"s ferdsobgtdi penohy w`s herrdht*

Ygd @imor`n s`t oj tgd @mdroh`j Hnua oj Xg`jbgò ejd dvdjojb O

rdh`nn `ji ioshussdi tgojbs wotg ` breup ef @mdroh`j easdrvdrs wdnn

vdrsdi oj Hgojdsd `ffòrs* Jew ot w`s vdry aì ferm te quetd tgd

@imor`n* Gd idhn`rdi tgd i`y gd `rrovdi tg`t gd weuni jet ad

quetdi tgdj er `jy etgdr tomd ej `jy suakdht. `ji gd `nse sòi of gd

wdrd quetdi gd weuni idjy `jytgojb oj projt `s hemojb frem gom*

Gd weuni ioshuss `jy suakdht `t ndjbtg. bdt tgd vodws ef tgesd gd w`s




t`nlojb wotg. bovd gos ewj epojoejs `ji tgdj. of ` jdwsp`pdrm`j ad

prdsdjt. gd weuni s`y oj p`rtojb; Tsd `jytgojb yeu"vd bet frem md

`s ` a`hlbreuji of yeu w`jt. aut yeu h`j"t quetd md* Ygdsd t`nls

`rd kust fer eur ewj ojferm`toej* Ygdy werl aetg w`ys* O m`y bdt

semdtgojb frem yeu `ji yeu m`y bdt semdtgojb frem md. `ji wd m`y

aetg ujidrst`ji tgd sotu`toej adttdr* Aut iej"t quetd md*

Xe je ejd dvdr ioi* Aut jew pdrg`ps ` weri er twe tgd @imor`n

sòi tgdj mobgt jet ad hejsoidrdi ndsd m`kdstd* Ygd easdrvdrs

rdfdrrdi te àevd ojhnuidi twe w`r herrdspejidjts. ejd m`j tr`vdnnojb

oj Hgoj` b`tgdrojb m`tdro`n fer ` aeel. tgd @mdroh`j puanosgdr ef ejd

ef tgd n`rbdst Hgojdsd jdwsp`pdrs oj tgd j`toej. tgd @imor`n"s Hgodf-

ef-Xt`ff. H`pt* Ldjjdtg H`stndm`j. ` a`jldr. `ji twe er tgrdd mdj

iordhtojb n`rbd @mdroh`j hemmdrho`n ojtdrdsts. wge ldpt up ej penotoh`n

dvdjts merd tg`j w`s hustem`ry*

Ygd hejvdrs`toej w`s bdjdr`n fer tgd mest p`rt* Xemdejd areubgt

up tgd monot`ry pg`sd ef tgd rdvenutoej< tgd h`pturd ef Xg`jbgò w`s

mdjtoejdi. `ji tgd dffdht ef tgos str`tdboh mevd ej tgd rdbomd `t

G`jlew* Ejd m`j. tgd wrotdr ef aeels. rdn`tdi gos dxpdrodjhds `

fdw wddls prdvoeusny wotg a`jiots ej tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr* Gd nest gos

w`nndt `ji `nn gos rdìy h`sg. `ji gos wofd nest gdr kdwdnry. aut tgd

a`jiots. er por`tds. wge ae`ridi tgd rovdr std`mdr. ioi tgdm je aeiony

g`rm* Ygdy lonndi ejd er twe Hgojdsd oj tgdor dxhotdmdjt. gewdvdr.

`ji sget `j @mdroh`j frem G`jlew tgreubg tgd ndb fer je `pp`rdjt

rd`sej*

Ygd rdn`toejs ef ferdobjdrs wotg tgd Hgojdsd w`s mdjtoejdi* Xemd-

ejd wejidrdi wgdtgdr wd sgeuni ìmot tgdm te eur hnuas* Ygos g`s

addj iejd jew `nn evdr Hgoj`. ` rdvenutoej`ry hg`jbd* Ygd @imor`n

sòi;

O tgojl ot ` spndjioi oid`* Rd sgeuni ìmot tgdm te tgd hnuas.

ay `nn md`js* Of wd trd`t tgdsd pdepnd `s dqu`ns. tgdy wonn jet fòn te

rd`ht te eur frodjisgop* Ygos hejhdptoej ef eur supdroeroty g`s bet te

ad iospdnndi* Ygdrd `rd Hgojdsd bdjtndmdj oj tgd Bevdrjmdjt ef tgos

j`toej tei`y wge `rd ay je md`js eur ojfdroers* Ot os trud. O br`jt.

tg`t wd sdd heujtndss tgeus`jis ef ojfdroer Hgojdsd oj eur iòny novds*

Ygd heenods. tgd newdr hn`ssds. `rd eur ojfdroers* Ygd Hgojdsd r`hd

g`s preiuhdi semd brd`t shgen`rs `ji st`tdsmdj* Ygdrd os ` brd`t

hg`jbd beojb ej oj Hgoj` tei`y. `ji tgd w`vd ef j`toej`nosm swddpojb

tgd heujtry os beojb te rdsunt oj dvdj brd`tdr hg`jbds*




Ot m`y t`ld semd tomd. ot os trud* Ygdrd `rd preandms tg`t wd

h`jjet dvdj `pprdho`td f`hojb tgd ndìdrs wge w`jt te ujofy tgd

Hgojdsd pdepnd* Rd `nn rd`nozd tgd

n`jbu`bdioffohunty. tgd n`hl ef

diuh`toej `mejb tgd m`ss ef Hgojdsd. tgd n`hl ef rdìy hemmujoh`toejs

wgohg lddp tgd Hgojdsd `p`rt jet ejny frem tgd werni aut frem tgdm-

sdnvds* Ygdsd `rd v`st east`hnds. aut ot os pessoand fer tgd ndìdrs ef

tgd Hgojdsd dvdjtu`nny te evdrhemd tgdm*

O tgojl ` brd`t stdp g`s addj t`ldj oj tgos heujtry oj tgd p`st

twe yd`rs tew`ri `w`ldjojb ` brd`t j`toej* Ot os wrejb te idjy tg`t

hg`jbd os ehhurrojb* Of wd ujidrst`ji tg`t `ji ìmot tgd Hgojdsd

te eur hnuas `ji trd`t tgdm seho`nny `s dqu`ns tgesd wge `rd diuh`tdi

Hgojdsd bdjtndmdj `ji bdjtndwemdj wd wonn g`vd nd`rjdi ` ndssej

jew tg`t wd must nd`rj seejdr er n`tdr*

Ygos sporot ef j`toej`n hejshoeusjdss os ay je md`js ` jdw

pgdjemdjej* Ot swdpt Durepd `ftdr tgd w`r `ji O gì ` pdrsej`n

dxpdrodjhd wotg ot oj Yurldy adferd hemojb gdrd* Ygd hg`jbds oj

Hgoj` `rd vdry. vdry somon`r te tgd hg`jbds tg`t teel pn`hd oj Yurldy*

Ygd àenotoej ef hejsun`rkurosiohtoej.

ef `nn spdho`n robgts ef ferdobjdrs.

tgd rosojb ojfnudjhd ef ` r`hd hejshoeusjdss `rd `nn somon`r te tgd dvdjts

`ji sdjtomdjt oj Hgoj` `ji `mejb tgd Hgojdsd* Rd heuni nd`rj muhg

ay stuiyojb tgd gostery ef Yurldy"s idvdnepmdjt sojhd tgd Brd`t R`r*

Ot os futond te idjy somon`r hg`jbds `rd ehhurrojb oj tgos heujtry

tei`y*

Yg`t. arodfny. w`s @imor`n Arosten"s hrdie ej Hgoj`* Ot w`s. O

mobgt ìi. tgd epojoej ef mest wdnn ojfermdi pdrsejs novojb oj tgd d`st

tgdj* Jdotgdr gd jer tgdy idjodi tg`t tgd hg`jbd te rd`n ujoty wonn

stonn rdquord tomd* Sdrg`ps tgos ujoty wonn dvdjtu`nny ad oj tgd ferm

ef ` fdidr`toej ef st`tds d`hg dvdj merd jd`rny ùtejemeus tg`j `t

forst pn`jjdi somon`r oj ` w`y te tgd Fdidr`toej ef Bdrm`j Xt`tds

wdnidi ojte ` j`toej ndss tg`j ` hdjtury `be ay Aosm`rhl*

Ygd Hgojdsd tg`t novd oj tgd gojtdrn`jis ef @so` `ji monnoejs ef

tgd onnotdr`td novojb `nejb tgd S`hofoh he`st ljew `nn tee nottnd ef tgd

md`jojb ef tgd prebr`ms ef tgdor ndìdrs* Ygdy `rd hejtdjt te hej-

soidr tgdor f`mony `s tgd ujot. tgdor vonn`bd `s tgdor gemd. tgdor prev-

ojhd `s tgdor ujovdrsd* Ygdy wonn ad ney`n te tgdor f`mony `ji p`troetoh

oj ` v`ryojb idbrdd te tgdor j`tovd pn`hd `ji tgdor prevojhd* Aut tgd

oid` ef ` j`toej wonn t`ld tomd te sojl oj* Ot w`s tgos hejhdptoej tg`t

@imor`n Arosten gì bòjdi ej gos n`st sekeurj oj tgd d`st* Gos kuib-




mdjt. ot os jew bdjdr`nny `brddi. w`s herrdht* Gd ujidrsteei tgd

preandms aut formny adnodvdi tgd trìotoej`n @mdroh`j penohy ef `ntruosm

`ji frodjisgop weuni hejtojud te prevd adst `ji tg`t tgd Hgojdsd

weuni dvdjtu`nny prevd tgdmsdnvds jet ujwertgy ef tg`t penohy*

Ygd seho`n `ffòrs ej ae`ri tgd fn`bsgop T* X* X* Sottsaurbg bovdj

ay tgd @imor`n `ji Mrs* Arosten. wge os `j djtordny hg`rmojb gestdss.

st`ji eut `s p`rtohun`rny mdmerànd fd`turds ef `jetgdr soid ef tgd

Hemm`jidr-oj-Hgodfs rdsoidjhd tgdrd* Hgojdsd `s wdnn `s @mdroh`js

`ji m`jy pdrsejs ef etgdr j`toej`notods oj tg`t hesmepenot`j pert

`ttdjidi tgd td` i`jhds ujidr tgd v`ro-henerdi `wjojb `ft ej tgd

hruosdr `ji tgd ehh`soej`n ferm`n dvdjojb a`nns ej tgd sp`hoeus fn`b-

sgop"s `ftdr idhl* Gos herio`n bdjo`noty `ji Mrs* Arosten"s br`hoeusjdss

woidjdi tgdor horhnd ef frodjis d`hg vosot*

@imor`n Arosten"s hnesd teuhg wotg tgd Hgojdsd w`s dxtdjidi te tgd

hemm`jidrs ef etgdr idfdjsd ferhds oj Xg`jbgò* Gd w`s p`rtohun`rny

frodjiny wotg M`ker-Bdjdr`n Xor Kegj Iujh`j. fermdrny gdì ef tgd

Arotosg Xg`jbgò Idfdjsd Ferhd* Ygd Bdjdr`n w`s ` frdqudjt vosoter

`t tgd Arosten rdsoidjhd oj Xg`jbgò `ji tgos hnesd seho`n hejt`ht

areubgt àeut ` mutu`n ujidrst`jiojb tg`t mìd tgd senutoej ef

idfdjsd preandms d`sodr tg`j `jy ferm`n ioshussoej ef somon`r qudstoejs

heuni g`vd iejd* + + +

Kund`j @rjeni. tgd @mdroh`j hemmdrho`n `tt`hgd oj Sdopojb. wge

rdturjdi oj M`y 0?1? frem `j dxtdjsovd teur tgreubg Lw`jbso Srev-

ojhd `ji seutg ojte _ujj`j. sòi upej gos `rrov`n oj Xg`jbgò tg`t

idspotd ` w`r wotg Lw`jbtujb Srevojhd `reuji H`jtej. tgd pdepnd

ef Lw`jbso wdrd jet suffdrojb `pprdhoàny `ji tg`t beei reìs wdrd

adojb auont oj m`jy sdhtoejs ef tgd prevojhd*

O tr`vdnndi merd tg`j ` tgeus`ji monds ay meter h`r tgreubg

Lw`jbso. Mr* @rjeni sòi. evdr dxhdnndjt reìs* Ygdy `rd auoniojb

jdw gobgw`ys `nn tgd tomd. `ji wgond ot m`y ad semd yd`rs adferd

rònreìs g`vd epdjdi up tgos prevojhd. tgd gobgw`ys `ji rovdrs wonn

h`rry `j ojhrd`sojb `meujt ef tgd f`rmdrs" beeis te tgd d`st he`st

m`rldts*

Mr* @rjeni sòi gd tr`vdnndi vortu`nny `nejd. wotgeut ` bu`ri ef

`jy loji. `ji gì je treuand `jywgdrd `nejb tgd reutd* Gd h`rrodi je

ferdobj feei `nejb jer `jy w`tdr a`bs er aettnds ef iostonndi w`tdr

te irojl* Gd `td Hgojdsd feei tgd wgend tomd. `ji wgond gd ìmottdi

gd bet ` aot fdi up wotg ot.+" gd sòi gd gì jet werrodi àeut gos




gd`ntg ej tgos `hheujt* Fdw of `jy ferdobjdrs oj tgd S`hofoh he`st

hotods `ji dnsdwgdrd oj Hgoj` d`t Hgojdsd feei ujndss tgdy ljew wgdrd

ot os prdp`rdi `ji gew* Yypgeoi fdvdr `ji iysdjtdry `rd `nn tee

prdv`ndjt te t`ld m`jy hg`jhds ej tgd s`jot`toej ef ` Hgojdsd rds-

tùr`jt dvdj oj tgd ferdobj hejhdssoej `rd`s* Ot os p`rtohun`rny i`j-

bdreus `t hdrtòj sd`sejs ef tgd yd`r te d`t brddj vdbdtànds brewj

oj Hgoj` adhùsd tgd Hgojdsd fdrtonozd tgdor truhl b`ridjs wotg gum`j

jobgt seon%" ` hustem tgreubgeut tgd F`r D`st* O `td `jytgojb `ji

dvdrytgojb `s wd wdjt `nejb. Mr* @rjeni ìmottdi* Bdt teubg. O

budss. `ftdr tgorty yd`rs eut oj tgos heujtry* O"vd gì je onn dffdhts

kdt

Mr* @rjeni sòi gd jetohdi nottnd treuand tgreubgeut tgd prevojhd*

Ot w`s `s pd`hdfun fer mond `ftdr mond ef fdrtond f`rm n`ji `s tgd

moiind wdst `t gemd%" gd sòi* Ejd bdts tgd fddnojb ef adojb tdrroany

eut ef teuhg a`hl oj tgd gojtdrn`jis ef Hgoj`* Je jdws ef tgd

idvdnepmdjts oj J`jlojb er àreì rd`hgdi us fer i`ys `t ` tomd*

Q`tgdr ` beei tgojb. `t tg`t. te bdt `w`y frem tgd jdws ef turmeon

fer `wgond. O tgojl* Ygd pdepnd iewj tgdrd ioij"t sddm te moji wg`t

g`ppdjdi oj J`jlojb er Xg`jbgò er `jywgdrd dnsd `s nejb `s tgdy

gì beei hreps `ji wdrd jet mendstdi*

A`jiots oj Lw`jbso wdrd fdw. Mr* @rjeni sòi* Gd sòi tgdy

wdrd jet ujljewj. aut ìidi tg`t ejny ehh`soej`nny wdrd tgdor ròis

gd`ri ef* Gd pòjtdi `nn oj `nn ` mest eptomostoh pohturd ef `ffòrs oj

tg`t sdhtoej ef Hgoj`. frem wgohg gì `rosdj oj rdhdjt mejtgs ` breup

ef penotoho`js ljewj `s tgd Lw`jbso hnoqud wge wdrd mdj`hojb

H`jtej `ji wdrd sòi te ad pn`jjojb te evdrtgrew tgd J`jlojb

Bevdrjmdjt. fermojb ` hemaojd wotg tgd Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n*

Ygd reìs systdm os jetgojb sgert ef dxhdnndjt. Mr* @rjeni ìidi*

Ygdy g`vd gobgw`ys hressojb tgd prevojhd tg`t ojtdrsdht wotg gobg-

w`ys rujjojb jertg `ji seutg. `ji ejd h`j irovd te `nmest `jy om-

pert`jt spet oj tgd prevojhd ay meter*

@jetgdr fd`turd ef tgd jdw tr`jspert`toej systdm os tgd erb`jo-

z`toej ef jumdreus aus nojds tg`t ruj dvdry iordhtoej* Ygdy `rd

auyojb merd ausds `nn tgd tomd. mest ef tgdm frem tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds*

Ygos os trud oj etgdr prevojhds. te ad surd. aut tgd idvdnepmdjt oj

Lw`jbso osp`rtohun`rny sobjofoh`jt `t tgos tomd* Ejd m`y roid frem

ejd dji te tgd etgdr ef tgd prevojhd ej tgdsd nojds oj s`fdty*

Ydndpgejd nojds g`vd addj nòi eut `ji put ojte epdr`toej. Mr*




@rjeni sòi* Ygd nejb iost`jhd tdndpgejd sdrvohd oj Lw`jbso os

truny rdm`rlànd%" gd hemmdjtdi* _eu h`j step `jywgdrd `nejb tgd

mòj gobgw`y `ji tdndpgejd `gdì te ` tewj twe er tgrdd gujirdi

monds `w`y `ji rdsdrvd ` reem fer tgd jobgt `t `j ojj* Ygd sdrvohd

os pdrfdht* O w`s mest pnd`s`jtny surprosdi te foji tgos prebrdss oj

wg`t g`s addj hejsoidrdi ` w`rnold. a`hlw`ri iostroht ef Hgoj`%"

+ + +

X`fdny a`hl frem str`jbd dxpdrodjhds `mejb tgd jemìoh troads

ef Hdjtr`n @so`. Ldrmot Qeesdvdnt p`ssdi tgreubg Xg`jbgò n`td oj

M`y. 0?1?* Xuhhdss hrewjdi wg`t fer ` tomd sddmdi te ad ` futond

gujtojb trop fer tgd bo`jt p`ji`. ujidr tgd ùspohds ef tgd Fodni

Musdum oj Hgoh`be. ujidrt`ldj ay Ldrmot `ji gos aretgdr Ygdeierd

oj `jetgdr hg`ptdr ef tgdor dxpner`toejs ef nottnd-vosotdi herjdrs ef tgd

d`rtg*

Keurjdyojb evdrn`ji frem Q`jbeej tgreubg Aurm` `ji tgdjhd

`hress tgd seutgwdstdrj tep ef Hgoj` ojte Yoadt. sheurojb meujtòjs.

v`nndys `ji sjew-hnì gobgn`jis oj qudst ef tgd ad`st wgohg nurdi tgdm

ej tgdor i`jbdreus spertojb mossoej. tgd Qeesdvdnt p`rty `ftdr wddls

ef fruotndss tr`hlojb idspòrdi ef sobgtojb. muhg ndss sgeetojb. ` bo`jt

p`ji`* Ygdy turjdi tew`ri Hgoj` ejhd merd frem Yoadt `ji oj wg`t

os ljewj `s tgd Ojidpdjidjt Nen` heujtry. ` tojy st`td aeridrojb ej

Yoadt `ji Hgoj` ìk`hdjt te Xzdhgu`j Srevojhd. tgdy feuji tgdor

qu`rry*

Jd`rny sox mejtgs frem tgd tomd tgdy idp`rtdi wotg L`sgmor

buoids `ji h`rrodrs frem tgd f`mono`r gonn heujtry. Ldrmot. wotg tgd

speons ef tgd hg`sd. w`s dj reutd te @mdroh`. wgond Henejdn Qeesdvdnt

rdmòjdi `t Xòbej fer sdvdr`n wddls te hejtojud tgd gujtojb dx-

pdiotoej oj ndss sdqudstdrdi tr`hts*

O weuni ad wotg gom ydt of my p`rtjdr gì jet bet geni ef md

`ji ir`bbdi md a`hl te werl%" Ldrmot teni md `t toffoj* My aretgdr

os rdmòjojb `t Xòbej wotg Xuyi`m Huttojb* Ygd etgdr ferdobj mdm-

adr ef tgd p`rty. Gdradrt Xtdvdjs. ` aori spdho`nost. os hemojb eut vo`

Xzdhgu`j `ji tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr* Gd os jew àeut `t Hgdjbtu `ji

sgeuni rd`hg gdrd oj ` fdw wddls*

Ioshussojb gos trop. Mr* Qeesdvdnt sòi; Rd ndft Xg`me Vonn`bd.

Aurm`. ej tgd aeridr ef Hgoj` ej Idhdmadr 13* My aretgdr. Huttojb

`ji mysdnf. tebdtgdr wotg tgd L`sgmor h`rrodrs. wdjt ay mund tròj

evdrn`ji te _ujj`j. tgdjhd ojte Yoadt. wgdrd fer wddls wd w`jidrdi




oj sd`rhg ef tgd bo`jt p`ji`* Aut wd wdrd ujsuhhdssfun. i`ys ef

tr`hlojb bdttojb us jewgdrd* Foj`nny wd turjdi wdst `ji seutgw`ri

`bòj. rd`hgojb tgd aeridr ef Hgoj` oj Xzdhgu`j Srevojhd. `ji tgdjhd

wdjt seutg tgreubg tgd Ojidpdjidjt Nen` heujtry* Gdrd. ejd merjojb

fennewojb ` r`tgdr gd`vy sjewf`nn. wd feuji p`ji` tr`hls*

Rd wdrd dxtrdmdny nuhly. `s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht. fer `ftdr ejny feur

geurs ef tr`hlojb wd ioshevdrdi tgd ad`st t`lojb ots jeeji`y sodst`*

My aretgdr `ji O `ppre`hgdi h`rdfunny. fordi somunt`jdeusny `ji bet

gom* Ygd Nen` rujjdrs wotg us rdfusdi te arojb tgd `jom`n ojte tgdor

vonn`bd* Ot sddms tgd bo`jt p`ji` os ` sert ef mojer idoty `mejb

tgdm* Ot w`s `musojb n`tdr te foji tgdy gì h`nndi oj ` prodst wge

hejiuhtdi rotds te purofy tgd troad `ji irovd eff `vdjbojb sporots* Ygd

Nen` pdepnd jdvdr g`rm tgd p`ji`* Mest ef tgesd wd mdt gì jdvdr

sddj ejd*

Ygd ad`st w`s ` adùtofun spdhomdj. wdobgojb merd tg`j 133

peujis `ji md`surojb jd`rny sdvdj fddt oj ndjbtg* Ot gì ` tgohl he`t

ef fur wotg an`hl `ji wgotd spnethgds `ji ` wgotd gdì wotg an`hl

dydbn`ssds. ` an`hl frojbd ef gòr `reuji tgd dyds* Ygd `jom`n os

adnodvdi te adnejb te tgd ad`r f`mony. aut. ujnold ad`rs. jdvdr goadr-

j`td `ji. furtgdrmerd. g`s ferty-twe tddtg ojstdì ef ferty* Etgdrwosd.

ot os somon`r te tgd ad`r spdhods*

"Ygd p`ji` novds dxhnusovdnyej a`maee sgeets. wgohg `rd `mpny

prevoidi oj ots j`tovd gùjts. wgohg `rd tgd gobg `ntotuids. r`jbojb

frem 7.333 te 09.333 fddt* Ot `nw`ys st`ys `mejb tgohl a`maee ferdsts

`ji os vdry feji ef gejdy* Ots gàots `rd ad`rnold. aut shodjtosts h`j

idtdrmojd frem tgos spdhomdj tg`t ot g`s ` idfojotd hn`ssofoh`toej*

Gd idshroadi tgd Nen`s `s `moànd pdepnd. somon`r te tgd @mdroh`j

Ojio`js oj m`jy w`ys* @ntgeubg tgd heujtry tgreubg wgohg tgd p`rty

w`nldi fer gujirdis ef monds os ejd ef tgd wonidst p`rts ef @so` `ji

os ojfdstdi wotg a`jiots. Mr* Qeesdvdnt sòi gd gì jet mdt treuand ef

`jy loji `ji tg`t tgd pdepnd dvdrywgdrd wdrd mest frodjiny `ji

herio`n*

Rgdj wd djtdrdi tgd Nen` heujtry. gd sòi. tgd hgodf ef tgd

forst vonn`bd djtdrtòjdi us. `ji wgdj wd ndft gd sdjt gos sej `nejb te

`ssurd us s`fd hejiuht `s f`r `s tgd jdxt vonn`bd* Oj tgos m`jjdr wd

wdrd h`rrodi tgreubg tgos tojy frodjiny st`td. muhg te tgd `m`zdmdjt

et tgd Hgojdsd wgdj wd teni tgd t`nd ef eur dxpdrodjhds ej rdturjojb

te tgos heujtry*



0? YGD IQ@BEJ ND@QJX YE FN_

r + YGD ir`bej ef Hgoj`. snewny `w`ldjojb frem ` nejb snumadr

0Zse nejb tg`t ot m`lds Qop v`j Rojlnd"s snddp sddm nold ` j`p-sgeel gomsdnf `ji trodi gos wojbs* Oj tgd p`st fdw yd`rs tgd

ir`bej g`s nd`rjdi te fny* Gd gì d`rnodr mìd iovdrs vòj `ttdmpts

aut jew tgd ad`st teel te tgd òr wotg ` brd`t wgorrojb `ji re`r*

Ygd Hgojdsd pdepnd. oj etgdr weris. bovdj ` ard`tgojb spdnn fer pd`hd-

tomd pursuots oj 0?17-1? nd`rjdi tgd Ehhoidjt"s usd ef tgd òr `s `

mdioum fer tr`vdn* Ygos w`s ejd ef tgd mest rdvenutoej`ry pd`hdtomdrdferms ydt te strold @so`. `ji tgd Hgojdsd teel te tgd òr wotg

`m`zojb `voioty* Ygdrd gì addj fnobgts ay Hgojdsd ponets oj tgd p`st.

te ad surd< aut ot w`s jet ujton tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej swdpt

jertg ej Sdopojb tg`t ot adh`md `jytgojb nold tgd vot`n f`hter oj Hgojdsd

iòny nofd tg`t ot g`s sojhd adhemd*

@mdroh`j `vo`toej ojtdrdsts wdrd oj tgd v`j ef tgd ferdobj idvons

wge tùbgt tgd Hgojdsd tgd usd ef tgd òrpn`jd oj rdhdjt yd`rs* Ygdy

wdrd tgd poejddrs oj ` pr`htoh`n w`y. `ji tgd @mdroh`j-ewjdi Hnoppdr

fnyojb ae`ts ndi tgd w`y oj an`zojb tgos brd`t tròn fer Hgoj`* Ygdor

brd`t òrsgops forst fndw oj 0?84-86 `t rdbun`r ojtdrv`ns ej tgd reutd

`hress tgd areì S`hofoh te M`jon`. `ji tgdy bet pdrmossoej frem tgd

Sertubudsd Bevdrjmdjt `t Nosaej te `nobgt oj w`tdrs eff tgd Ser-

tubudsd hejhdssoej ef M`hè. oj seutg Hgoj`* Ygd Arotosg oj tgd

adbojjojb rdfusdi pdrmossoej te `nobgt eff tgdor Hrewj Henejy ef Gejb-

lejb. aut tg`t `nse w`s br`jtdi* Hejjdhtoejs `rd mìd frem M`hè

`ji Gejblejb wotg òr nojds jew hross-hressojb Hgoj`* Yr`js-S`hofoh

p`ssdjbdrs n`ji tgdrd `ji h`j t`ld ` Hgojdsd-hejtrenndi hemmdrho`n

p`ssdjbdr pn`jd jertg*

Ygos òr sdrvohd adtwddj H`noferjo` `ji Hgoj` os ejd ef tgd mest

ojsporojb `dro`n stdps te `jjogon`td sp`hd `ji tomd oj tgd gostery ef

m`jloji* Ygd forst fnobgt. h`rryojb ejny òr mòn `ji hrdw. w`s mìd

frem @n`mdi`. H`noferjo`. te M`jon` ej Jevdmadr 11. 0?84. tgd Hnoppdr

11?




rdturjojb Idhdmadr 1 ef tg`t yd`r te gdr gemd a`sd `t tgd dji ef `j

`wd ojsporojb reuji trop `hress tgd v`st strdthgds ef epdj w`tdr* Ygdrd

wdrd steps `t G`wòo. Moiw`y. R`ld Osn`ji `ji Bu`m. wgdrd meidrj

getdns g`vd addj hempndtdi fer tgd teurost"s evdrjobgt step* Ot os ejny

233 monds f`rtgdr te Hgoj` frem M`jon` ` sgert fnobgt. hemp`rdi te

tgd iost`jhd `nrdìy hevdrdi*

Oj Hgoj` otsdnf ot os jew pessoand te fny `nmest `jywgdrd* Dvdj

tgd heenods `rd je nejbdr surprosdi `t tgd sobgt er tgd seuji ef `

pn`jd evdrgdì `ji tg`t. oj otsdnf. os `j ojioh`toej ef tgd brd`t rdve-

nutoej`ry stroids wgohg tgd pdepnds ef tgd Ir`bej g`vd mìd oj rdhdjt

yd`rs* Tjton vdry rdhdjtny ` Hgojdsd kujl+" er sònae`t w`s tgd

erioj`ry meid ef tr`vdn oj @so`* Yei`y tgdrd `rd rdbun`r òr nojds

hejjdhtojb `nn tgd m`ker hotods ef Hgoj`* Ejd h`j fny frem Xg`jbgò

te Sdopojb oj sox geurs ! Fermdrny ot teel twe i`ys oj beei tomds ej

`j dxprdss tgd f`mdi Anud Dxprdss. tgdj tgd hr`hl rònw`y tròj*

Er ejd h`jfny te G`jlew oj feur geurs wgdrd`s ot teel md fovd

i`ys ay std`mdr up-rovdr `ji tgrdd i`ys iewj oj 0?12*

Hgdjb-tu w`s fermdrny `j eutpest oj Xzdhgu`j Srevojhd `nmest uj-

rd`hgànd evdr tgd berbds ef tgd _`jbtzd. r`poi `ji i`jbdreus `t `jy

tomd àevd G`jlew* Jew tgd fnobgt frem Xg`jbgò os mìd oj dobgt

geurs* Ot os mìd sdvdr`n tomds ` wddl jew `s eftdj `s tgd oj-

hrd`sojb tr`ffoh wonn `nnew* Ygd heenod stonn g`s te usd tgd eni stynd

kujl ej tgd rovdrs ef gos `jhdsters er `t r`rd ojtdrv`ns. gd t`lds `

tròj* Ygd prohds fer fnyojb `rd àevd gos rd`hg. nold tgd òrpn`jds

tgdmsdnvds* Aut tgdrd os brd`t prebrdss oj tgos fodni*

@t tgos peojt. O w`jt te sldthg tgd d`rny i`ys ef `vo`toej. wgdj tgd

Hgojdsd forst st`rtdi tefny

oj `jytgojb nold ` pr`htoh`n. sdroeus w`y*

Ygd @mdroh`js gì muhg te ie wotg `vo`toej oj Hgoj` frem tgd st`rt*

Sepun`r ojtdrdst w`s poqudi d`rny ay ` fnobgt jd`rny `reuji tgd werni

ay twe dxtrèrioj`rony i`rojb `ji h`pànd fnodrs frem Mohgob`j oj tgdor

pn`jd. tgd Sroid ek Idtreot* Ygdy wdrd Mdssrs* Arehl `ji Xhgndd.

`ji O sg`nn jdvdr ferbdt tgd Xdptdmadr dvdjojb oj 0?17 wgdj tgdy

`ppd`rdi eut ef tgd seutg frem Gejblejb. `ji n`jidi eutsoid Xg`jb-

gò* @nn w`s prdp`rdi fer ` rdhdptoej `t tgd Q`hd Heursd oj tgd hdjtdr

ef Xg`jbgò ej Auaanojb Rdnn Qeì aut tgdy tgeubgt tgd ev`n tee

sm`nn fer ` t`ld-eff `ji n`jidi `t Gujkè @orpert `t tgd hoty nomots

ojstdì. lddpojb us rujjojb a`hl `ji fertg nold w`tdr-aubs fer `j geur*

Xg`jbgò. ` hoty ef tgronns ojurdi te w`r"s gystdro`. tojbndi wotg



YGD IQ@BEJ ND@QJX YE FN_ 180

dxhotdmdjt `t tgd arodf vosot ef @mdroh`"s i`rojb `vo`ters wgesd werni

fnobgt teel tgdm tgdrd fer ` sojbnd jobgt"s w`y-st`toej pùsd d`rny oj

Xdptdmadr 0?17* Reri ef tgd s`fd `rrov`n ef Xhgndd `ji Arehl `t

Emur` Vonn`bd. jd`r J`b`s`lo. rd`hgdi Xg`jbgò n`td tgd jobgt ef

Xdptdmadr 00. `ji w`s rdhdovdi wotg ` rd`n sdjsd ef rdnodf* Ydndpgejds

ef `nn jdwsp`pdrs `ji jdws `bdjhods r`jb hejst`jtny n`td tg`t `ftdrjeej

`ji dvdjojb. wotg tgeus`jis ojquorojb `ftdr tgd s`fdty ef tgd `vo`ters

wgesd dffohodjhy `ji i`rojb h`pturdi pepun`r om`boj`toej* Ygdor s`fd

`rrov`n oj K`p`j idspotd tgdor fònurd te rd`hg Yelye. tgdor be`n. w`s

woidny `ppnùidi*

@j `ftdrm`tg ef djtguso`sm fennewdi Xhgndd `ji Arehl `s tgd puanoh

`w`ldjdi te tgd sobjofoh`jhd ef tgd ujusu`n fnobgt* Rgond pepun`r

`hhnòm w`s ojtdrdstdi hgodfnyoj tgdor gdreohs. ` sobjofoh`jt pg`sd ef

tgd ujovdrs`n pnùiots w`s tgd gd`rty pròsd frem `vo`toej effohdrs oj

tgd Xg`jbgò idfdjsd ferhd ef m`jy j`toejs* Ygd Arotosg Qey`n @or

Ferhd effohdrs wdrd iddpny omprdssdi `ji ioi jet gdsot`td te idhn`rd

tgdor proid oj tgd `hgodvdmdjt* Ygdy ujstojtojbny pròsdi tgd fnodrs"

i`rojb `ji slonn frem ` prefdssoej`n vodwpeojt `s ojioh`tojb tgd prebrdss

ef `vo`toej* Ygd Arotosg òrpn`jd h`rrodr effohdrs sdjt hejbr`tun`toejs.

`slojb tgd T* X* X* Sottsaurbg; Snd`sd hejvdy te tgd ponets ef tgd

Sroid ef Idtreot tgd hejbr`tun`toejs ef tgd @rbus ej tgdor vdry fojd

pdrferm`jhd*

Sepun`r sdjtomdjt w`s summdi up oj prdss hemmdjt wgohg nùidi

tgd @mdroh`js gobgny* Ygd Xg`jbgò Yomds. ` Arotosg-ewjdi iòny.

projtdi `j diotero`n `hhnòmojb tgd fnobgt `s ` m`bjofohdjt `hgodvd-

mdjt%" `ji hg`r`htdrozojb ot `s tgd mest suhhdssfun ydt ujidrt`ldj.

ojioh`tojb tfod prebrdss ef `vo`toej* Ygd Jertg Hgoj` Iòny Jdws.

Arotosg. peojtdi te tgd ompert`jhd ef tgdor jej-step fnobgt frem Gejb-

lejb te Xg`jbgò. st`tojb; Ygd Sroid ef Idtreot g`s sgewj tg`t ot

os pessoand te `hhempnosg tgos oj tgd sp`hd ef ejd i`y* Rg`t `nn rd`nozd

oj tgos pdrferm`jhd os tgd brd`t prebrdss wgohg òrpn`jds `ji djbojds

g`vd mìd oj rdhdjt yd`rs* Ejd `pprdho`tds merd `ji merd tgd

spndjioi h`noard ef tgd mdj wge h`rry eut tgdsd fnobgts* Rd m`y wdnn

effdr eur hejbr`tun`toejs te tgd Sroid ef Idtreot `ji gdr j`vob`ters

ej tgdor pdrferm`jhd oj rd`hgojb Xg`jbgò. fer ot jet ejny hrd`tds `

rdheri frem Jdw _erl te Hgoj`. aut of wd `rd jet most`ldj ot dstà-

nosgds ` jdw neh`n nejb iost`jhd `hgodvdmdjt* Ygd n`st rdfdrrdi te

tgd jej-step fnobgtfrem Gejblejb*




Ygd Hgoj` Srdss. 'tgdj @mdroh`j/ peojtdi eut tg`t Xhgndd `ji

Arehl fndw vortu`nny wotgeut `ssost`jhd. rdm`rlojb; Meujtòjs. ferdsts

`ji ehd`js wdrd feuji te ad je a`r te tgos fnobgt `reuji tgd werni.

hejtojuojb tg`t tgus f`r. tgdy g`vd gì je bevdrjmdjt`n òi dotgdr

frem eur @rmy er J`vy* Aut tgd mest ioffohunt strdthg os te hemd

tgdy must hress tgd S`hofoh Ehd`j* Sr`ydrs ef monnoejs `nn evdr tgd

werni be wotg tgdm `s tgdy t`ld eff frem K`p`j ej tgos n`st `ji mest

`wdsemd pertoej ef tgdor fnobgt* Rd wosg tgdm Beispddi*

Ygos p`pdr peojtdi eut tg`t ot gì je idsord te iosheur`bd Xhgndd

`ji Arehl. aut ìidi tg`t oj tgd dvdjt tg`t tgdy rdturjdi s`fdny te

Idtreot. kuibojb frem tgd m`jy ios`stdrs. ehd`j fnyojb mobgt wdnn ad

hurtòndi fer ` wgond dxhdpt wgdj semd brd`t shodjtofoh eakdht m`y ad

`ttòjdi* Dvdry heujtry g`s `maotoejs jer ieds `jy n`hl ar`vd

`vo`ters te h`rry tgdm eut. aut ujndss tgd st`ld os gobgdr tg`j mdrdny

tgd bnery ef adojb tgd forst te ie tgos er tg`t stujt. wg`t os bòjdi5

Ygd `rtohnd ìidi ` subbdstoej fer shodjtofoh rdsd`rhg ojte `vo`toej

preandms ef tgd uppdr òr. djiojb; "Ygdj try fer werni rdheris. aut

jetkust ydt* Ygd reìs `rd tee fdw `ji tgd mondstejds tee m`jy.

mest ef tgdm ydt ujm`rldi br`vds*

Ay Jevdmadr 0?17. pepun`r ojtdrdst oj `vo`toej oj Hgoj` gì oj-

hrd`sdi ay nd`ps `ji aeujis* Ejd ef tgd mest pewdrfun ojfnudjhds w`s

tgd ujprdhdidjtdi fnobgt ef tgd H`jtej. ` Qy`j-M`gejdy mejepn`jd

somon`r te tg`t oj wgohg Nojiadrbg fndw tgd @tn`jtoh* Sonetdi ay

H`ptòj Hg`jb Guo-hg`jb ef tgd Hgojdsd @or Ferhd. tgd H`jtej ndft

H`jtej d`rny tg`t f`nn `ji mìd ` jej-step fnobgt te G`jlew. jd`rny

` tgeus`ji monds* H`ptòj Hg`jb ndft tgdrd `ji geppdi eff te J`j-

lojb. v`ryojb gos eroboj`n ojtdjtoej te prehddi iordhtny te Sdlojb* @t

tgd h`pot`n gd w`s bovdj ` trdmdjieus ev`toej* Ygd ferdobj `s wdnn `s

tgd Hgojdsd prdss b`vd gos fnobgt woid puanohoty*

H`ptòj Hg`jb jdxt fndw te Sdlojb @bòj gd w`s bovdj ` brd`t

ev`toej. `ji iojjdrs `ji rdhdptoejs somon`r te tgesd ef òr gdreds oj

tgd Ehhoidjt wdrd tdjidrdi gom `ji gos twe hemp`joejs ay tgd Hgojdsd

iobjot`rods* Bdjdr`n _dj Gso-s`j. bevdrjer ef Xg`jso tgdj oj hg`rbd

ef tgd Sdlojb-Yodjtsoj `rd`. b`vd gom ` iojjdr p`rty* Ygd `vo`ters

wdrd fdtdi ay tgd pepun`hd. `ji Bdjdr`n Sdo Hgujb-gso `nse b`vd Hg`jb` iojjdr* Gd w`s tgd gdre ef tgd geur oj Sdlojb* H`ptòj Hg`jbfndw te Mulidj. tgdj h`pot`n ef M`jhguro`. proer te rdturjojb iewj




tgd he`st te Xg`jbgò `ji tgdjhd te H`jtej* @nn `nejb tgd w`y gd

w`s gdr`nidi wotg djtguso`sm `ji gobg `hhnòm*

Ygd fnobgt otsdnf weuni jet g`vd addj se dxtrèrioj`ry `jywgdrd

aut oj tgd Erodjt* Aut ot w`s `j `hgodvdmdjt oj Hgoj`. wgdrd `vo`toej

gì ujton tgdj pn`ydi se sm`nn ` p`rt oj w`r er pd`hd* Ot os trud tgdrd

w`s dvdj tgdj ` Fnyojb Herps ujidr tgd R`r Effohd* Aut tgdrd wdrd

stonn fdw pn`jds oj usd `ji `soid frem r`rd ehh`soejs wgdj tgdy wdrd

usdi te easdrvd djdmy pesotoejs. jdotgdr ferhd oj tgd Luemojt`jb

Qdvenutoej rdsertdi te `jy sert ef `dro`n w`rf`rd* Mulidj pessoany

gì tgd adst `vo`toej idp`rtmdjt tgdj oj Hgoj`* Ygdrd wdrd merd

tg`j 033 òrsgops `t tgd Mulidj òriremd `ji O s`w tgdor `rsdj`n

ar`jhg tgdrd. hejst`jtny turjojb eut jdw m`hgojds fer wgohg djbojds

wdrd purhg`sdi àreì* @orpn`jds heuni ad sddj fnyojb evdr Mulidj

`nmest `jy i`y oj summdr< aut dvdj tgdrd tgdy gì addj usdi aut

sdniem oj w`r. `ji je hemmdrho`n nojds gì ydt addj `ttdmptdi* Yei`y

ot os v`stny hg`jbdi `ji meidrjozdi*

Ejd ef tgd `dro`n idvdnepmdjts `t J`jlojb w`s tgd `jjeujhdmdjt

tg`t tgd Bevdrjmdjt w`s hejsoidrojb erb`joz`toej ef ` Xoje-Bdrm`j

`vo`toej herper`toej* Effoho`ns oj tgd Mojostrods ef R`r. Ojtdroer. Oj-

iustry. Hemmdrhd `ji Nàer. `ji Foj`jhd hejfdrrdi ej tgd suakdht*

@or nojds te Durepd wdrd ioshussdi `s wdnn `s hemmdrho`n reutds oj

Hgoj`* Ygd Bevdrjmdjt w`s `nse idsoreus ef ojùbur`tojb ` nojd hej-

jdhtojb tgd h`pot`n `ji L`nb`j* Ygdrd w`s semd qudstoej wgdtgdr.

ujidr tgd `brddmdjt pregoaotojb tgd s`nd ef `rms `ji `mmujotoej ay

@mdroh`js te Hgoj`. òrpn`jds heuni ad seni oj tg`t heujtry* @s `

rdsunt. mest ef tgd pn`jds forst oj usd wdrd purhg`sdi oj Durepd* Gew-

dvdr. tgd H`jtej w`s ` Qy`j-M`gejdy areubg`m mejepn`jd wotg `

Rrobgt wgornwoji meter*

Ot os my epojoej tg`t @mdroh`j òrpn`jd meters `rd f`r supdroer

te `nn etgdrs%0

H`ptòj Hg`jb sòi. kust proer test`rtojb ej gos gos-

teroh hress-heujtry fnobgt* Ygdy `rd "feen-preef fer ejd tgojb* @ji

tgdy st`ji up adttdr oj ` nejb ruj* O weuni nold te sdd `j `ssdmany

pn`jt st`rtdi oj H`jtej. a`hldi ay @mdroh`j h`pot`n* Ygdrd wonn ad

`j ojhrd`sojb idm`ji fer òrpn`jds oj tgd jd`r futurd `s wd dstànosg

òr mòn `ji p`ssdjbdr sdrvohds adtwddj eur n`rbdr hotods. `ji ot hests

tee muhg te sgop ` pn`jd `nn sdt up* @j `ssdmany pn`jt wonn ad jddidi.

`ji O weuni nold te sdd `j @mdroh`j `vo`toej hemp`jy a`hl ef ot*

@mdroh`j `vo`toej ojtdrdsts geppdi `hress tgd S`hofoh. `ji ` jdw




dr` w`s ojùbur`tdi oj Hgoj`"s hemmujoh`toejs ej @pron 0?. 0?1?.

wgdj Mojostdr Xuj Fe. `htojb oj gos h`p`hoty `s prdsoidjt ef tgd Hgoj`

J`toej`n @vo`toej Herper`toej. sobjdi ` hejtr`ht wotg @vo`toej Dx-

pner`toej. Ojh*. ` suasoio`ry ef tgd Hurtoss breup* Ygd n`ttdr ujidr tgd

`brddmdjt `brddi te h`rry mòn fer tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt ej tgrdd

trujl nojds*

Dxpdrts sòi tg`t tgd sobjojb ef tgos ompert`jt `brddmdjt epdjdi

ejd ef tgd brd`tdst fodnis ef hemmdrho`n fnyojb oj tgd werni* Ygd

sobjojb teel pn`hd oj J`jlojb. fennewojb ` Xt`td Heujhon mddtojb

iurojb tgd `ftdrjeej te hejsoidr tgd prepes`ns suamottdi semd wddls

d`rnodr* Xemd eakdhtoejs wdrd djheujtdrdi `t tgd eutsdt ef tgd jdbe-

to`toejs `bòjst pdrmottojb ferdobj ojtdrdsts te g`jind ` Bevdrjmdjt

mòn hejtr`ht* Ygdsd wdrd evdrhemd. gewdvdr. ay J`jlojb"s semd-

wg`t jòvd erb`joz`toej ef tgd herper`toej wgohg estdjsoany g`jindi

tgd mòn otsdnf aut wgohg suandt tgd hejtr`ht te tgd @vo`toej Dx-

pner`toej pdepnd. se tg`t tgd dffdht w`s prdhosdny tgd s`md*

Ygrdd trujl nojds wdrd prepesdi ommdio`tdny. ejd hejjdhtojb J`j-

lojb `ji Sdopojb. tgd sdheji nojlojb H`jtej te G`jlew. `ji tgd tgori

nojlojb Xg`jbgò `ji G`jlew vo` J`jlojb tgus `nn ojtdrnehlojb* Ot

w`s `jjeujhdi tg`t shgeens weuni ad dstànosgdi ommdio`tdny ay tgd

@mdroh`js te tròj Hgojdsd ponets `ji etgdr pdrsejjdn. tgd oid` adojb

te dmpney Hgojdsd wgdrdvdr pessoand `s seej `s tgdy wdrd h`pànd ef

fnyojb* Ygd @mdroh`j ponets wdrd te ad ldpt ejny `s nejb `s tgdy

wdrd dssdjto`n*

M`ker Ronno`m A* Qeadrtsej rdprdsdjtojb tgd @mdroh`j form. mìd

tgos ferm`n `jjeujhdmdjt;

Ygos wonn ad ` Hgojdsd sdrvohd ujidr hejtren ef tgd J`toej`n

Bevdrjmdjt aut wotg @mdroh`j m`j`bdmdjt `ji epdr`toej fer

tgd tomd adojb* Ygd òrpn`jds wonn iospn`y Hgojdsd hg`r`htdrs fer

tgd j`md ef tgd Hgojdsd Herper`toej `ji tgd ojsobjo` ef tgd

J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt

@vo`toej Dxpner`toej furtgdr rdhdovds tgd provondbd ef djb`bojb

oj tgd òr tr`jspert`toej ef p`ssdjbdrs `ji frdobgt ej ots ewj

`hheujt. `ji te m`juf`hturd pn`jds `ji dquopmdjt oj Hgoj`* Ot

os pn`jjdi te ferm ` jdw @mdroh`j hemp`jy wotg ` h`pot`noz`toej

ef sdvdr`n monnoej ienn`rs 'beni/. oj wgohg tgd Hgojdsd wonn ad

ojvotdi te p`rtohop`td* Q`poi hemmujoh`toejs `rd tgd urbdjt jddi




ef tgd memdjt gdrd* Ot wonn t`ld yd`rs te mddt tgos idm`ji ay

ròn er meter reìs<aut ay `vo`toej ot os gepdi tg`t Hgoj` wotgoj

` fdw mejtgs wonn ad ej ` p`roty wotg tgd etgdr j`toejs oj òr

hemmujoh`toejs*

Durepd`j hempdtotoej w`s mdt iurojb tgd wddls ef strdjueus

jdbeto`toejs. `s wdnn `s tg`t frem etgdr @mdroh`j ojtdrdsts oj Hgoj`*

Xg`jbgò w`s `novd wotg `vo`ters frem àreì sddlojb te dstànosg

nojds oj `nn iordhtoejs* M`ker Qeadrtsej areubgt feur pn`jds te Hgoj`

wgond tryojb te sdnn J`jlojb gos mòn hejtr`ht oid`* Ygdor idmej-

str`toejs omprdssdi tgd Hgojdsd effoho`ns. p`rtohun`rny Mr* Xuj Fe*

Ygd Mojostdr ef Qònw`ys w`s djtguso`stoh `ftdr fnyojb oj ejd ef tgdsd

pn`jds te J`jlojb frem Xg`jbgò* Gd sòi m`jy effoho`ns mobgt seej

hemmutd te J`jlojb ay òr frem Xg`jbgò*

Oj foj`jhojb trod jdw nojds. ot w`s dxpnòjdi tg`t tgd @mdroh`j

hemp`jy gì ` bu`r`jtdd frem tgd Hgojdsd bevdrjmdjt ujidr tgd hej-

tr`ht stopun`tojb ` snoiojb sh`nd ef p`y te tgdm ef )0*43 'beni/ `

peuji te )9*43 'beni/ ` peuji. idpdjiojb ej tgd sozd ef tgd neì

h`rrodi* Ygd Hgojdsd `nse `brddi te auy `nn `dro`n dquopmdjt frem tgd

@vo`toej Dxpner`toej breup* Ywe @mdroh`jponets. D* N* Xnejobdr

`ji @n H`pdrtej. wdrd wotg M`ker Qeadrtsej `ji òidi oj tròjojb

Hgojdsd ponets* Roidsprdì eppesotoej idvdnepdi `mejb Hgojdsd `vo`-

toej erb`joz`toejs `bòjst tgd @mdroh`j hejtr`ht* Gewdvdr. effoho`ns

ef tgd @mdroh`j breup oj Xg`jbgò wdrd eptomostoh àeut tgd dvdjtu`n

h`rryojb eut ef tgd tdrms ef tgdor `brddmdjt*

Ot prevoidi tg`t tgd sdrvohd w`s te adboj oj sox mejtgs. tg`t tgd

@mdroh`js wdrd te prevoid tgd òrpn`jds. ponets. `ji `nn etgdr dquop-

mdjt `ji pdrsejjdn. `ji tg`t tgd Hgojdsd wdrd te prevoid g`jb`rs

`ji suotànd n`jiojb fodnis `nejb tgd reutds prepesdi* Ot w`s furtgdr

prevoidi tg`t oj tgd dvdjt tgd rdvdjuds frem òr mòn ej tgd nojds w`s

ojsuffohodjt te mddt tgd r`tds `brddi ej. tgd @mdroh`j hemp`jy weuni

epdr`td `t ` ness `ji t`ld tgd Hgojdsd hemp`jy"s premossery jetds upte )1.333.333* Ot w`s `brddi tgdrd w`s te ad ` mojomum ef 8.333

fnyojb monds ` i`y wgdj tgd nojds hemmdjhdi*

Ygd Qeadrtsej breup `nse effdrdi te ndji tgd Hgojdsd Hemp`jy

`jetgdr )0.333.333 beni oj h`sg fer usd oj tgd sdhurojb ef òr fodnis.

hejstruhtoej ef g`jb`rs `ji etgdr dxpdjsds ojhoidjt`n te bdttojb st`rtdi*

M`ker Qeadrtsej rdturjdi te Jdw _erl te `rr`jbd furtgdr idtòns*




Ygd Hgojdsd `rd r`poiny adhemojb òr mojidi* Ygdy `rd f`t`nosts

`t aettem `ji b`mandrs oj `jy h`sd* Xe tgdy fny wotg ujaroindi

djtguso`sm*

Ygd òrsgop tee g`s jet ejny areubgt Hgoj` ojte ` merd hemp`ht

m`ss oj @so`. aut g`s areubgt @so` `ji tgd Erodjt hnesdr te @mdroh`

`ji Durepd+ Hnoppdr sgops arojb Hgoj` hnesdr te gemd wd oj tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds wonn hemd te ljew `ji ujidrst`ji tgd ojshrutànd

Erodjt`n adferd nejb* Eur br`jihgonirdj. of jet wd eursdnvds. wonn

tgojl jetgojb ef fnyojb evdr te Xg`jbgò frem Jdw _erl fer tgd

wddl dji*



13 ATQO@N EF XTJ _@Y-XDJ

Q@QDN_of dvdr oj gdr gdhtoh

gosteryg`s Hgoj`

pòi

merd

idveut gem`bd te `jy m`j tg`j sgd ioi te Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj

tgd i`wj ef Kujd 0. 0?1?*

Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj w`s tgd vosoej`ry m`j wge feujidi tgd Lue-

mojt`jb Ygd Sdepnd"s S`rty oj Hgoj`* Gd brdw up oj G`wòo.

wgdrd gos arusgojb `bòjst tgd Ehhoidjt`n hejhdptoejs ef idmehr`hy

`ji dqu`noty b`vd aortg te gos rdvenutoej`ry oid`ns fer tgd pdepnds ef

Hgoj`. nejb epprdssdi jet ejny ay ferdobjdrs aut ay tgdor ewj r`p`hoeus

bevdrjojbhn`ss `ji

aytgd w`r neris* Ygdsd oid`s oj `

mej`rhgysuhg

`s Hgoj` `t tgd st`rt ef tgos hdjtury. ujidr ` idhìdjt `ji tgereubgny

herrupt oM`jhgu iyj`sty tgdj runojb frem tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd `t

Sdlojb wdrd rdvenutoej`ry ojiddi* Je ejd gì gd`ri ef suhg ` tgojb

oj tgd gojtdrn`ji ef Hgoj` je ejd w`jtdi te gd`r ef suhg ` hejhdpt

`t tgd M`jhgu Heurt oj tgd i`ys adferd tgd forst rdvenutoej. Aut Ir*

Xuj _`t-sdj gd`ri*

Gd rdturjdi te H`jtej `ji snewny adb`j te td`hg tgos ojsoioeus

iehtrojd oj gos j`tovdn`ji ef Xeutg Hgoj`* Ygd oid` sprdì vdry

brìu`nny. aut ot w`s ejd ef tgd ujidrnyojb hùsds ef tgd evdrtgrew

ef tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty oj tgd eroboj`n rdvenutoej `bòjst tgd Sdlojb

tgrejd oj 0?00* Ygdsd mdj fobgtojb fer frddiem `ji idmehr`toh rund

suhhddidi. `ji tgd rdvent w`s effoho`nny prehnòmdi te g`vd evdrtgrewj

tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd ej Fdaru`ry 2. 0?01*

Ygd idsposdi M`jhgu Aey Dmpdrer. wgesd j`md w`s tgdj

Gsu`j-Y"ojb. àioh`tdi gos robgt te pewdr `s tgd Xej ef Gd`vdj

ej tg`t i`td. er r`tgdr. tgd eni Iew`bdr Dmprdss ioi ot fer gom. fertgd rundr w`s aut sdvdj yd`rs eni `ji dvdj merd ompetdjt `s

dmpdrer tgdj tg`j jew* Fer gd runds"+ `bòj ej tgd tgrejd ef gos

`jhdsters oj Gsojlojb 'fermdrny Hg`jb-hgujb/ . er Jdw H`pot`n. oj

K`p`j"s ojidpdjidjt Xt`td ef M`jhgulue* Ygos yeutg os tgd n`st ef

tgd eni M`jhgu nojd. sdt up wgdj tgd M`jhgu gerids sw`rmdi evdr

tgd Brd`t R`nn oj 0699 `ji hejqudrdi tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds*

18?



ATQO@N EF XTJ _@Y-XDJ 190

eni frodji Mol`n Aereioj. fneurosgdi fer ` tomd* Ygd jertgdrj dx-

pdiotoej rdsuntdi wotg rdvenutoej`ry r`poioty* Ygd Luemojt`jb

Qdvenutoej ndft tgd Sd`rn Qovdr `t H`jtej oj tgd n`td sprojb ef 0?16.

`ji `ftdr mevojb te tgd _`jbtzd V`nndy oj 0?12. h`pturdi Sdlojb oj

Kujd. 0?17. twe yd`rs `ftdr ots ojhdptoej* Yg`t os ` rdheri. oj `

rdvenutoej ef suhg m`bjotuid*

Aut Ir* Xuj gì iodi* Ygd feujidr ef tgd Qdvenutoej w`s ejny

soxty yd`rs eni. aut ` vdry tordi m`j wgdj gd wdjt te Sdlojb oj `

n`st dffert te prdvdjt tgd jdhdssoty ef ` w`r te `hgodvd gos djis* Ygdrd.

oj tgd hotìdn ef tgd jertg wgohg w`s tgd hrìnd ef tgd herrupt pewdr

wgohg gd idsposdi. gd iodi. ej M`rhg 01. 0?14*

Gos dma`nmdi aeiy n`y djtemadi fer ` tomd oj ` sgrojd `tep `j

eni tdmpnd eutsoid Sdopojb* @ spdho`n prehdss w`s usdi te dma`nm tgd

Iehter"s fròn aeiy. `ji O s`w ot oj tgd Xt`td fujdr`n rotds feur yd`rs

`ftdr gos id`tg. oj tgd h`sldt oj wgohg ot jew nods djtemadi. eutsoid

J`jlojb* Ygd Xt`td fujdr`n rotds adb`j oj tgd i`rljdss adferd i`wj

ef tgd forst i`y ef Kujd 0?1?* Ygd hoty ef J`jlojb. onn-dquoppdi te

sgdntdr se m`jy vosoters. w`s hr`mmdi wotg gum`joty* M`jy fer-

dobjdrs wdrd tgdrd. `ji prdss "herrdspejidjts fnehldi te tgd h`pot`n ej

tg`t gosteroh i`y*

Fdw bet `jy snddp tgd jobgt ef tg`t M`y 80 oj J`jlojb* Ygd

rotu`n adb`j `t tgrdd e"hnehl oj tgd merjojb* Nìy G`y Irummeji

G`y. `j Djbnosg wem`j wrotojb gdr omprdssoejs ef tgd dvdjt. L`rn vej

Rodb`ji. vdtdr`j @mdroh`j herrdspejidjt. `ji O steei `reuji oj `

a`rr`hls-nold auoniojb mest ef tgd jobgt `ftdr twdnvd e"hnehl wòtojb fer

semdtgojb te g`ppdj* Ygdj wd wdjt evdr te tgd pn`hd wgdrd tgd

sdrvohds wdrd adbojjojb* Ejny S`rty mdmadrs wdrd `nnewdi ojsoid*

Ygd rdst ef us steei eutsoid wòtojb fer tgd nejb prehdssoej te st`rt te

tgd jdwny hempndtdi mùsendum ej Surpnd Meujtòj. p`st tgd `jhodjt

Mojb temas. tdj monds eutsoid tgd hoty w`nns*

Ygd fujdr`n prehdssoej st`rtdi kust `s nobgt adb`j te sgew oj tgd

d`st* Ot w`s idìny snew `ji teel geurs te rd`hg tgd sgrojd. wgdrd

djtemamdjt teel pn`hd `t gobg jeej* Ir* Xuj"s aeiy w`s pn`hdi oj `

gd`rsd `t tgd dji ef tgd nejb nojd ef idveut fennewdrs* @nejb ` jdw

gobgw`y dspdho`nny hejstruhtdi fer tgd purpesd. tgd hertdbd mevdi

tgreubg tgd v`nndy ef tgd _`jbtzd.

Ygd fujdr`n prehddidi `t se snew ` p`hd tg`t O idhoidi te be a`hl

te tgd getdn `ji wrotd ` hànd te tgd Yomds àeut ots st`rt. tgdj pohl




ot up `bòj ay meter h`r `t tgd a`sd ef tgd mùsendum* Ygos O ioi.

`ji O `m beojb te bovd yeu tgesd p`r`br`pgs `s wrottdj tgdrd oj tgd

d`rny merjojbgusg ef

Kujd0. 0?1?*

Gobg ej tgd soid ef Surpnd Meujtòj. f`r frem tgd ausy rusg

ef ` jdw j`toej er tgd seuji ef bujs oj rdhurrdjt rdvenutoej. tgd

aeiy ef Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj nods djsgrojdi tejobgt oj ots foj`n rdst-

ojb pn`hd `t tgd spet wgdrd tgd idì Ndìdr eftdj. oj nofd. dx-

prdssdi gos hgdrosgdi idsord te ad aurodi*

Ygd foj`n rotds adb`j oj sendmj hdrdmejy adferd i`wj oj tgd

Hdjtr`n S`rty Gdìqu`rtdrs ùioteroum wgdrd tgd aeiy g`s nòj

oj st`td fer tgd p`st tgrdd i`ys* Ygd fujdr`n hnesdi sgertny `ftdr

jeej wotg tgd ferm`n newdrojb ef tgd brd`t arejzd h`sldt ojte ots

sujldj hrypt* Eutsoid. tgd suj mìd arobgt tgd anud `ji wgotd

br`jotd `ji m`rand mùsendum wgohg steei spndjioi àevd tgd

_`jbtzd fdrtond newn`jis*

Ojsoid. adyeji tgd gobg-reefdi Mdmero`n G`nn `ji p`st tgd

gubd arejzd ieers tgd Ysotjb-no"s aeiy nods pd`hdfunny adnew

iemdi w`nns oj ` seft twonobgt wgohg oj i`ytomd fontdrs bdjtny oj

tgreubg tojy stòjdi bn`ss wojiews* Gdrd ejny ` hgesdj fdw

b`tgdrdi wotg aewdi gdìs `t tgd djtemamdjt ef tgd Ndìdr"s

fròn fr`md `s ot p`ssdi ferdvdr frem gum`j sobgt* Ygdsd wdrd

tgd mdmadrs ef Ir* Xuj"s ommdio`td f`mony `ji gos hnesdst fen-

newdrs. wge gì addj `nnewdi te ad jd`r gom iurojb tgd mdme-

ro`n meurjojb hdrdmejy `t i`wj wotgoj tgd iom-not ùioteroum

adferd i`y areld evdr tgd h`pot`n* Ygdy ojhnuidi tgd woiew.

Mmd* Xuj _`t-sdj<tgd ejny sej ef tgd feujidr ef tgd Luemoj-

t`jb. Mr* Xuj Fe< Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. gos drstwgond

òid<`ji ` hemp`r`tovdny fdw etgdrs hnesd tgreubg aneei rdn`toej-

sgops er penotoh`n `sseho`toej*

@ fdw memdjts n`tdr tgos nottnd breup snewny rdtr`hdi tgdor

stdps iewj tgd nejb. swddpojb br`jotd stòrh`sd `ji idp`rtdi

`nejb tgd areì gobgw`y wgohg nold ` roaaej. wgdj vodwdi frem

tgd gdobgts ef tgd meujtòjsoid tema. hejjdhts tgd sgrojd tgreubg

tgd eni J`jlojb hoty w`nns wotg tgd iost`jt jdw h`pot`n ef Hgoj`*

@nn tgreubg tgd jobgt prdp`r`toejs gì hejtojudi fer tgd

truny strolojb prebr`m* Ot w`s tgd hnom`x ef yd`rs ef pn`jjojb*

Ygd wgend ef J`toej`nost Hgoj` gì spdjt ` wddl oj effoho`n




meurjojb* Ygd w`rs fer tgd memdjt wdrd ferbettdj `ji tgd

hejtojdjt g`s addj `t pd`hd sojhd tgd fujdr`n tròj idp`rtdi frem

Sdlojb n`st Meji`y h`rryojb tgd

aeiy

ef Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj frem

ots tdmper`ry tema eutsoid tgd `jhodjt h`pot`n seutgw`ri g`nf

w`y `hress Hgoj` te J`jlojb* Fer i`ys. `nn J`jlojb ojhemojb

tròjs `ji rovdr std`mdrs g`vd addj hrewidi wotg pdrsejs frem

`nn herjdrs ef tgd n`ji* Iopnem`toh mossoejs ef vortu`nny dvdry

j`toej ej frodjiny rdn`toejs wotg tgd jdw Hgoj` `rrovdi te `ttdji

tgd Xt`td djtemamdjt*

Nejb adferd i`wj. seniodrs. sòners. Aey Xheuts. Born Buoids.

bdji`rmds `ji rdbun`r penohd keojdi oj sddlojb te g`jind quodtny

tgd brd`t tgrejbs wgohg fonndi tgd h`pot`n fer tgos dvdjt* Ygd

pdepnd oj ` brd`t. nejb prehdssoej m`rhgdi `feet tgd monds ad-

twddj tgd ùioteroum oj tgd gd`rt ef J`jlojb `ji tgd mùse-

ndum `nejb tgd jdw Hgujbsg`j gobgw`y evdr wgohg tgd hertdbd

mevdi `t ` sjòn-nold p`hd* Ygos prehdssoej adb`j kust `t i`wj

`s tgd gd`rsd mevdi ojte pn`hd tew`ri tgd dji ef tgd nojd ef tgd

novojb strdthgojb jd`rny twe monds `gdì.

Mì`md Xuj _`t-sdj 'tgd sdheji/. kust a`hl frem Durepd

te `ttdji tgd fujdr`n sdrvohds fer gdr idì gusa`ji. steei `nejd

`ji ujsuppertdi* Irdssdi oj ùstdrd an`hl. sgd w`nldi ay tgd

soid ef gdr gusa`ji"s sej. Mr* Xuj Fe gomsdnf àeut gdr ewj

`bd `ji w`s sddj te ad wddpojb sondjtny `t tgos rdjdw`n ef fòtg

oj gdr gusa`ji* Rotg gdr `nse wdrd gdr twe sostdrs. Mmd*

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl `ji Mmd* G* G* Qujb* Ygdsd `ji etgdr

mdmadrs ef tgd ommdio`td f`mony wdrd goiidj adgoji ` an`hl-

sgddtdi sgodni wgond tgdy w`nldi frem tgd ùioteroum oj ` pn`hd

sdt `soid fer tgdm kust a`hl ef tgd gd`rsd oj wgohg tgd h`sldt

rdstdi* Ot w`s ir`pdi oj ` fn`b ef tgd jdw rdpuanoh ujidr tgd

Luemojt`jb*

Ygreubg tgd w`rm sprojb sujsgojd ef tgd d`rny Kujd merjojb.

mdmadrs ef tgd Hàojdt. gobg Hgojdsd effoho`ns. ferdobj djveys.

seniodrs `ji etgdrs m`rhgdi oj tgd nejb trdl tew`ri tgd mùse-

ndum Hgojdsd a`jis pn`ydi tgd iorbd* Bujs oj ferts `tep Noej

Gonn eutsoid tgd w`nns aeemdi ejd gujirdi `ji ejd tomds oj `

j`toej`n s`nutd ef f`rdwdnn* Nold ` bo`jt ir`bej `t n`st `w`ld.

tgd fujdr`n prehdssoej weuji tgreubg tgd hoty"s sondjt m`ssdi

tgrejbs ojte tgd epdj heujtrysoid*




Ygd prehdssoej rd`hgdi tgd a`sd ef tgd mùsendum `t tdj

e"hnehl oj tgd merjojb. `t tgd dji ef ` sox geur m`rhg* Gdrd tgd

h`sldt w`s ujneìdi `ji pn`hdi ej ` arobgt anud h`t`f`nqud wgohg

m`jy sondjt heenods h`rrodi upw`ri te tgd sgrojd wotgoj tgd

djermeus auoniojb àevd* @t tgd tema. fennewojb dnàer`td `ji

idveut rotds. tgesd pdrsejs dspdho`nny ojvotdi te `ttdji tgd fujdr`n

hdrdmejy fondi p`st tgd hrypt*

Ygd hoty ef J`jlojb easdrvdi tgrdd mojutds ef sondjhd dx`htny

`t gobg jeej. `ji tgd rotds wdrd djidi*

Ommdio`tdny `ftdr Ir* Xuj"s fujdr`n. tgd mdj `t J`jlojb turjdi

tew`ri adùtofyojb tgdor jdw h`pot`n* Ot jddidi ot* Sn`js wdrd ir`wj

up ay Gdjry L* Murpgy `ji Drjdst S* Beeirohg ef Jdw _erl. fer

m`lojb J`jlojb ejd ef tgd mest adùtofun h`pot`ns oj tgd werni* Ygd

eni w`nn rujjojb ots zobz`b w`y `hress tgd gonns `nejb tgd _`jbtzd w`s

te ad turjdi ojte ` meidrj aeundv`ri djhorhnojb tgd hoty*

@t forst ot w`s suppesdi tg`t tgd w`nn weuni g`vd te be* Ot w`s

fdnt dvdj ay tgd Hgojdsd tg`t ots prdsdjhd weuni rdt`ri tgd hoty"s

idvdnepmdjt* Gdjhd ot w`s prepesdi tgdj tg`t tgd w`nn ad r`zdi `ji

tgd arohls usdi te p`vd jdw strddts* Rgdj Mr* Murpgy. tgd `rhgotdht

oj tgd hoty pn`jjojb prebr`m. `rrovdi oj Hgoj` d`rny tg`t Fdaru`ry.

gd wdjt `t ejhd te J`jlojb* Ejd ef tgd forst tgojbs gd ioi w`s te

`jjeujhd tg`t gd tgeubgt purdny Hgojdsd `rhgotdhturd sgeuni ad usdi

tgreubgeut oj idsobjojb tgd H`pot`n"s jdw puanoh auoniojbs `ji tg`t

tgd a`ttdrdi eni br`y w`nn sgeuni ad mòjtòjdi `t `nn hests*

Ot os typoh`n ef Hgoj`%" Mr* Murpgy sòi* Ot weuni ad ` brd`t

most`ld te td`r ot iewj* Nd`vd ot `ji wd wonn m`ld ` areì aeundv`ri

ej ots tep. ` mest v`nuànd `ssdt oj dvdry w`y te tgd jdw hoty* Ygd

w`nn wonn tgus ad usdfun `ji `t tgd s`md tomd mest `ttr`htovd* Ay je

md`js iostura ot* Of jdhdss`ry. put b`tds tgreubg ot `t dvdry strddt.

aut lddp tgd w`nn*

Xe tgdy ldpt tgd eni w`nn `t J`jlojb*

Ygd h`pot`n. sotu`tdi ej tgd seutg a`jl ef tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr. w`s

` typoh`n eni Hgojdsd hoty ef ndss tg`j ` monnoej pepun`toej* Ot r`mandi

`nn `nejb tgd heujtrysoid fer monds. wotg v`st epdj sp`hds wotgoj tgd

w`nn* Dnsdwgdrd. ots j`rrew strddts tr`vdrsd tgohlny pepun`tdi sdhtoejs

wgdrd tgd hotozdjs novd p`hldi `ji k`mmdi tebdtgdr oj typoh`n Hgojdsd

f`sgoej* Ot os stonn jet ` prdtty hoty tei`y. aut tgd neh`toej fer `




adùtofun meidrj mdtrepenos os oid`n* Ygd new gonns adgoji tgd hoty

rosd reujiny `bòjst tgd sly. `ji frem tgd v`jt`bd ef tgd _`jbtzd `s

ejd bnoids p`st ej ` std`mdr tgd hoty os jet wotgeut hg`rm*

Mr* Beeirohg. tgd djbojddr. eroboj`nny wdjt te Hgoj` te werl ej

tgrdd t`sls oj hejjdhtoej wotg tgd J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt"s rdhej-

struhtoej prebr`m Ygdsd wdrd tgd J`jlojb hoty pn`jjojb prekdht.

tgd hejstruhtoej ef J`jlojb"s pert `ji tgd idvdnepmdjt ef ` pert `t

H`jtej fer ehd`j-beojb nojdrs*

O h`md eut te Hgoj` te `ssost oj tgd pn`jjojb ef tgd jdw J`j-

lojb%" Mr* Beeirohg sòi oj t`nlojb ef gos werl tgdrd. `ji te bovd

tgdm ` pr`htoh`n pn`j fer tgd hejstruhtoej ef perts fer ehd`j nojdrs `t

H`jtej `ji pessoany `t J`jlojb* Mr* Murpgy `ji mysdnf `rd beojb

`gdì forst ej tgd J`jlojb hoty pn`jjojb prebr`m* Rd `rd m`lojb

gdìw`y. `s gd wonn tdnn yeu* Gd ljews merd àeut tg`t dji ef ot

tg`j O ie*

@s te tgd perts `t H`jtej `ji J`jlojb. O h`jjet s`y ydt gew

muhg tgdy wonn hest. aut pessoany ot wonn ruj ojte monnoejs ef ienn`rs*

Gew tgdy ojtdji te foj`jhd tgos werl os jejd ef eur hejhdrj* Rd `rd

ojtdrdstdi. te ad surd. oj tgd suhhdss ef tgd djtdrprosd. aut O ujidrst`ji

`t Yodjtsoj tgdy `rd stonn werlojb ej g`raer omprevdmdjts subbdstdi oj

` pn`j nòi iewj tdj er twdjty yd`rs `be*

Eur oid` os te survdy tgd sotu`toej `s pr`htoh`n djbojddrs. `ji

ejhd wd g`vd tgd survdy hempndtdi te n`y iewj ` nojd ef werl wgohg

wonn. wgdj h`rrodi eut. bovd H`jtej `ji J`jlojb tgd mest up-te-i`td

perts pessoand* Rd wonn. O prdsumd. prehddi wotg tgos werl ef prd-

sdjtojb tgd Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt wotg ` pr`htoh`n djbojddrojb prebr`m

fer tgdsd perts `s seej `s tgdhoty pn`jjojb prebr`m `t J`jlojb os

s`tosf`hterony ir`wj up* Ygd `htu`n hejstruhtoej werl ef tgd perts

wonn ad iejd. O adnodvd. ay hejstruhtoej djbojddrojb forms wge `rd

`sldi te aoi ej tgd prekdhts `s spdhofodi oj tgd pert pn`js O suamot

te tgd Bevdrjmdjt*

Ot w`s dstom`tdi tgd hejstruhtoej ef tgd pert `t H`jtej weuni hest

`t nd`st )03.333.333* Ygd pert `t J`jlojb weuni hest tg`t muhg `ji

pessoany merd* Mojostdr Xuj Fe. wge w`s forst oj hg`rbd ef tgos werl

`ji wge rdtòjdi Mr* Murpgy `ji Mr* Beeirohg oj @mdroh`. sòi tgd

foj`jhojb shgdmds hevdrojb tgdsd prekdhts weuni ad a`hldi ay tgd

J`toej`n Bevdrjmdjt rdvdjuds* Mr* Murpgy. `j eni vosoter te Hgoj`.

w`s strejbny oj f`ver ef ìgdrojb `s hnesdny `s pessoand te tgd eni




Hgojdsd stynd ef `rhgotdhturd* Gd hrotohozdi dfferts te hemaojd tgd eni

wotg tgd jdw wdstdrj oid`s. jet adhùsd tg`t sert ef hemaoj`toej w`s

jet `

beei

oid` aut adhùsd. gd sòi te md ej tgos suakdht. tgd `rhgo-

tdhts gì bejd àeut tgd hemaoj`toej oj tgd wrejb w`y*

O adh`md hejvojhdi. Mr* Murpgy sòi. tg`t tgd hgodf ioffohunty

wotg tgd ì`pt`toejs `nrdìy mìd n`y oj tgd f`ht tg`t tgdor idsobjdrs

gì st`rtdi eut wotg ferdobj dxtdroers ojte wgohg tgdy gì ojtreiuhdi

te ` brd`tdr er ndss dxtdjt Hgojdsd fd`turds. wotg tgd ojdvotànd rdsunt

tg`t tgd hempndtdi auoniojbs rdmòjdi dssdjto`nny ferdobj*

O idhoidi wd must st`rt eut wotg Hgojdsd dxtdroers ojte wgohg wd

weuni ojtreiuhd ejny suhg ferdobj fd`turds `s wdrd jddidi te mddt

semd idfojotd rdquordmdjts* Ef tgd auoniojbs jew hempndtdi oj tgd

Bojnojb Henndbd breup `t J`jlojb `ji ef tgd twdjty er merd jew

ehhupodi ay _djhgojb Tjovdrsoty '`t Sdopojb/ my Hgojdsd frodjis s`y

tgdy `rd rd`nny Hgojdsd*

Oj ots j`tur`n fd`turds `ji surreujiojbs J`jlojb g`s ìv`jt`bds

djkeydi ay fdw h`pot`ns oj tgd werni%" gd ìidi* Oj wg`t etgdr

h`pot`n h`j wd foji p`r`nndns fer tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr ej ejd soid ad`rojb

tgd hemmdrhd ef twe gujirdi monnoej pdepnd. fer tgd Netus N`ld ej

tgd etgdr wotg ots pohturdsqudny weeidi osn`jis `ji ots pessoaonotods

`s tgd p`rl hdjtdr ef ` suaura`j rdsoidjto`n idvdnepmdjt. fer tgd

rennojbtdrròj wgohg ìis se muhg te tgd `rhgotdhtur`n pessoaonotods

ef tgd futurd tgohlny auont pertoejs ef tgd hoty prepdr. fer tgd new gonns

aeridrojb J`jlojb ej tgd jertg `ji seutg. `ji fer tgd hunmoj`toej

ef tgdsd gonns `t tgd wdst oj Surpnd Meujtòj. rosojb 0933 fddt oj `

songeudttd ef ojiovoiu`noty `ji hg`r`htdr5 @ji wgdj yeu hejsoidr

tg`t evdr g`nf ef tgd sdvdjtddj te dobgtddj squ`rd monds wotgoj tgd

w`nns ef J`jlojb hejsosts ef fodnis jd`rny dmpty ef auoniojbs ef `jy

loji yeu wonn rd`nozd gew ujusu`n `j eppertujoty os gdrd `fferidi te

`hgodvd ` hoty pn`j nòi eut `nmest ej oid`n nojds*

Mr* Murpgy h`md eut te Hgoj` `hress Durepd `ji Xoadro`. vosotojb

semd twdjty hotods dj reutd te J`jlojb* Gd stuiodi tgdor hoty pn`js

wotg `j dyd te gew te ì`pt tgd adst fd`turds ef d`hg te tgd hoty gd

w`s pn`jjojb* @ji gd feuji oj tgd hoty w`nn ` brd`t tr`ffoh `rtdry

`nrdìy te g`ji*

Ef tgd m`j-mìd fd`turds ef J`jlojb. gd sòi. tgd mest

strolojb os tgd wejidrfundjhorhnojb hoty w`nn r`manojb fer twdjty-twe

monds. ujiun`tojb bdjtny `hress tgd feetgonns ef Surpnd Meujtòj.




ehh`soej`nny ireppojb te twdjty fddt oj gdobgt. `vdr`bojb ferty er

merd. `ji fer nejb strdthgds rosojb te ` m`kdstoh gdobgt ef evdr soxty

fddt* M`jy gujirdis ef yd`rs eni. sturiony auont ef gobg arohls àevd

` senoi br`jotd a`sd. tgd shdjd ef heujtndss a`ttnds fer tgd hoty. tgd

w`nns ef J`jlojb `rd ` prohdndss gdrot`bd ef m`kdsty `ji adùty <`ji

my forst strejb fddnojb wgdj O `rrovdi w`s tgd hejvohtoej tg`t tgdsd

w`nns must jet ad nest `s tgd prohd te ad pòi ay J`jlojb fer ots

meidrjoz`toej*

Rgdj O feuji tgd w`nn w`s jewgdrd ndss tg`j tdj fddt woid `t

tgd tep `ji md`surdi evdr twdjty-fovd fddt woid fer `nn aut ` sgert

strdthg. wotg sdvdr`n monds ef w`nn evdr ferty fddt woid `ji `nrdìy

p`vdi wotg stejd. O hnojhgdi m`ttdrs ay prepesojb tgd usd ef tgd djtord

w`nn fer `j dndv`tdi meter aeundv`ri twdjty-twe monds nejb wotg

r`mps ndìojb up `t frdqudjt ojtdrv`ns `ji wotg p`rlojb sp`hds `ji

rdfrdsgmdjt st`toejs wgdrd tgd w`nn woidjs eut `t d`hg b`td ojte `

sp`hoeus pn`tdù* Ygd `hhempnosgmdjt ef tgos prekdht wonn bovd J`j-

lojb ejd ef tgd fojdst p`jer`moh irovds oj tgd werni*

Fennewojb tgd eroboj`n f`ht-fojiojb survdy. Mr* Murpgy adb`jwerl ej tgd hoty pn`j otsdnf. `ji J`jlojb snewny os adhemojb meidrj*



10 SDQXEJ@N STANOHOY_

@Ytgd dji ef tg`t summdr O ndft tgd F`r D`st `ji h`md gemd*

Ot w`s àeut tomd. fer pdrg`ps O `nrdìy gì mossdi tee m`jy

ae`ts. `s tgd eni s`yojb os `mejb ferdobjdrs `nejb tgd Hgoj`

He`st* @ftdr merd tg`j fovd yd`rs spdjt oj K`p`j. Hgoj`. tgd Sgonop-

pojds `ji M`jhguro` O ndft tgd Erodjt ej Xdptdmadr 0. 0?1? er

r`tgdr. ot w`s ej tg`t Xàa`tg i`y tg`t O st`rtdi te nd`vd*

Aut adferd nd`vojb Hgoj` ndt us neel ejhd merd `t tgd shdjd tgdrd*

Ot w`s ` geibd-peibd ef penotohe-monot`ry purpesds `ji hress-purpesds*

Ygd pdroei ef tr`jsotoej oj se n`rbd ` n`ji pdepndi ay se m`jy woidny

sh`ttdrdi r`hds must n`st ` bdjdr`toej er merd* Yg`t os wgy O g`vd

j`mdi tgos venumd Ygd Ir`bej Xtors* Ygd ir`bej ef Hgoj` os jet

funny `w`ld dvdj jew aut gd os storrojb oj gos snddp* Gd os p`rtny

`w`ld `ji wgdj gos djtord sojueus aeiy hemds te nofd. i`wj wonn ad

evdr*

Yg`t Kujd. oj 0?1?. tgd mdj `t J`jlojb wdrd djb`bdi oj sup-

prdssojb

tgd

orrdprdssoand

Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n. M`rsg`n

Fdjb_u-

Gso`jb. `bòj* Gd `ji tgd yeujbdr Bdjdr`ns oj tgd treuandsemd

Lw`jbso Srevojhd hnoqud wdrd ròsojb ` rumpus up-heujtry `t G`j-

lew* Ygd jdwdst ard`hg wotgoj tgd Luemojt`jb gì st`rtdi oj M`y.

adferd Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj"s djtemamdjt `t J`jlojb* Oj neelojb tgreubg

my fonds ef iosp`thgds te Ygd Jdw _erl Yomds. O foji tgos gdìnojd

ej M`y 14; J@JLOJB NOJLX FDJB YE QDI SNEY* Etgdrs iurojb

tgesd etgdrwosd pnd`s`jt sprojb i`ys rdn`tdi gew Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb

Lò-sgdl `t

J`jlojb pndìdiwotg M`rsg`n

Fdjbte àoid

ay pd`hd <

gew tgd f`td ef Hgoj` gujb ej Fdjb"s jdxt stdp. `ji se ej* Ygos

rdadnnoej w`s smetgdrdi. `ji ay Kuny. `nn sddmdi quodt ej tgd Hgojdsd

frejt* Aut treuand wotg Xevodt Qusso` w`s te ehhur `bòj sgertny.

m`rrojb my keurjdy a`hl te tgd Xt`tds* Ygos w`s jet `pp`rdjt `t

tg`t tomd. se O wdjt iewj te tgd Sgonoppojds*

Ygdrd wdrd sdvdr`n rd`sejs fer tgos* Ejd w`s tg`t O gì addj

197



SDQXEJ@N STANOHOY_

fonojb my hàndi iosp`thgds te Jdw _erl vo` M`jon`. bovojb ` irep-

hepy tgdrd te ` Fonopoje syjioh`td ef j`tovd n`jbu`bd jdwsp`pdrs

'hgodfny oj Y`b`neb/* Ygdy wdrd te p`y tgd hànd hests `s f`r `s

M`jon`. Ygd Jdw _erl Yomds te p`y tgdm frem tgdrd ej te Jdw

_erl* Aut tgd Fonopoje p`pdrs ioi jet p`y tgdor sg`rd. jdvdr gì

sojhd wd adb`j tgos `rr`jbdmdjt mejtgs adferd* Ot w`s up te md te

henndht. se O wdjt te M`jon` `ji ioi*

@jetgdr rd`sej fer beojb kust `t tg`t tomd w`s my mddtojb wotg

Iwobgt F* I`vos. ef Xt* Neuos. wge gì rdhdjtny addj `ppeojtdi te

suhhddi Henejdn Gdjry N* Xtomsej `s Bevdrjer-Bdjdr`n ef tgd Sgonop-

pojd Osn`jis* Mr* I`vos w`s p`ssojb tgreubg Xg`jbgò ej gos w`y

te M`jon`. se O bet ej tgd s`md sgop `ji wdjt `nejb* Ygd bdjo`n

iejer ef tgd I`vos Hup fer ojtdrj`toej`n tdjjos hempdtotoej ` spndjioi

symaen ef beei wonn ojiuhdi tgreubg sperts w`s ` kevo`n sgop"s hem-

p`joej `ji wd adh`md r`tgdr wdnn `hquòjtdi fer suhg ` sgert mddtojb

`s tg`t feur-i`y ae`t roid*

O henndhtdi tgd )1.333 er se iud my p`pdr oj M`jon`. aìd Bevdrjer

I`vos `ji Xdj`ter M`judn Pudzej 'jew Srdsoidjt Pudzej/ f`rdwdnn

`t M`n`h`j`j S`n`hd `ji wdjt a`hl te Xg`jbgò. `rrovojb oj moi-Kuny"s

gd`t* O idtdrmojdi tgdj te rdturj te @mdroh`*

Oj tgd fdw i`ys wgohg O spdjt oj p`hlojb my tgojbs prdp`r`tery te

tgd aob pusg%" treuand w`s ardwojb adtwddj Meshew `ji J`jlojb*

Ygd Hgojdsd ròidi tgd Hgojdsd D`stdrj Qònw`y `t G`raoj. oj Jertg

M`jhguro`. àeut tg`t tomd* Ygd Qusso`js hejtrenndi tg`t nojd. wgohg

w`s hejjdhtdi wotg tgdor tr`js-Xoadro`j rònreì frem Vnìovestel te

Meshew. `ji tgdy ioij"t nold tgos ròi ` aot* Ygdy tgrd`tdjdi te

ojvìd M`jhguro` '`s tgd K`p`jdsd ioi n`tdr/ `ji tgdrd brdw up `

w`rnold tdjsoej adtwddj tgd twe j`toejs*

My treuands gìkust adbuj* O gì jet addj a`hl oj Xg`jbgò `

wddl wgdj O bet iysdjtdry. wgohg idn`ydi my idp`rturd* Ay tgd

tomd O bet eut ef tgd gespot`n `ji ej my fddt `bòj. ot w`s jd`rny tgd

dji ef @ubust. 0?1?* O h`jhdnndi ` tdjt`tovd p`ss`bd ej tgd E* X* L*Nojd vo` Xeutg @froh`. `ji seubgt ojstdì te bdt te Durepd `hress

Xoadro`* Aut ` st`td `ppre`hgojb w`r dxostdi oj M`jhguro` ay tgdj*

Ot w`s jdhdss`ry te be vo` Vnìovestel `ji tgdrd wdrd je Qusso`j

hejsun`r effoho`ns oj `nn Hgoj`. jet dvdj oj M`jhguro`. te prevoid md

wotg tgd vdry muhg jddidi p`sspert vos`* O idtdrmojdi. jdvdrtgdndss.

te be ej up te Vnìovestel. tgdjhd tgreubg tgd @mur V`nndy evdr tgd




nep ef M`jhguro` `ji iewj `bòj. keojojb tgd tr`js-Xoadro`j nojd

prepdr `t tgd tewj ef Hgot`* Ot w`s tgos reutd O teel. wotgeut `

Qusso`j vos`* Jejd heuni ad eatòjdi oj Hgoj`. aut O rdnodi ej tgd

ìvohd ef ` Xevodt prdss hennd`bud* Yg`t turjdi eut te ad ` most`ld.

aut gd heuni jet gdnp ot*

Ot w`s ` beei tgojb te ad bdttojb `w`y rd`nny `w`y `t n`st. `ftdr

se m`jy yd`rs fonndi wotg se m`jy r`poiny ehhurrojb dxpdrodjhds*

Ygdsd kust g`ppdjdi. `ji tgdy ehhurrdi te `jyejd wge w`s oj tgd F`r

D`st tgdj< aut O must s`y dvdjts sddmdi te hrewi ej d`hg etgdr"s

gddns oj tgesd yd`rs*

Ejd etgdr rd`sej tg`t O gì te be w`s tg`t adferd O wdjt te tgd

gespot`n ejd neh`n Xg`jbgò p`pdr r`j `j otdm tg`t O w`s nd`vojb ej

` ae`t vo` Xeutg @froh` tgd jdxt i`y* O wdjt te tgd gespot`n ojstdì !

Rgdj O bet eut `nmest ` mejtg n`tdr. `t tgd @mdroh`j Hnua `ji tgd

Henumao` Heujtry Hnua wgdrd O wdjt wotg frodjis `bòj te s`y f`rd-

wdnn semdejd ojv`roàny sòi; _eu stonn gdrd5 Ejd p`pdr r`j `

pohturd ef ` adspdht`hndi mossoej`ry àeut tg`t tomd wotg my j`md

ujidr ot. `ji tgd h`ptoej tg`t O w`s nd`vojb tgd Erodjt* _eu m`y

om`bojd tgd hemmdjt. wgohg ojhnuidi; My. my. suhg ` hg`jbd `ji

onn ndss tg`j ` mejtg. tee!"+ Ef heursd tgdrd wdrd m`jy etgdr soids

te my idp`rturd. aut tgojbs nold tg`t aeridrojb ej tgd roiohuneus `ji

tgd nobgtdr soid ndft md wotg rdnosg fer tgd jdw ìvdjturd*

My io`ry ef tgd w`y oj wgohg O ndft Hgoj` os tgd adst w`y te bovd

yeu tgd hempndtd pohturd ef tgd rdturj ef tgd j`tovd te Jdw _erl*

XTJI@_. Xdptdmadr 0. 0?1?;

@AE@QI YGD X* X* MEIDXY@. @t Xd`; O ndft Hgoj`

tei`y * * * `ftdr twe yd`rs. sdvdj mejtgs* * * * @rrovdi oj Xg`jb-

gò frem Yelye ej Xuji`y. Fda* 6. 0?12. fer tgd T* S* Yei`y.

oj ` R`nn`-w`nn` nùjhg wotg H`renyj Hejvdrsd `ji Vohter

Lddj ef tgd Jdw _erl Gdr`ni-Yroaujd. O h`md àe`ri tgd X* X*

Meidst`. `j @jbne-I`josg std`mdr aeuji fer Vnìovestel- `ji

`hress Xoadro` `ji Durepd. `ji tgd @tn`jtoh * * * gemd ! Fovd

yd`rs gdrd `ji oj K`p`j os djeubg* O"m bnì te ad ej my w`y*

Gì ` f`rdwdnn iojjdr `t tgd M`kdstoh Getdn n`st jobgt. Voh adojb

gest * * * kust ` quodt nottnd `ffòr Voh `ji Moss Hg`pnoj. "Boj`

`ji Aruje Xhgw`rtz `ji H`renyj `ji mysdnf* Gemd `t i`wj



SDQXEJ@N STANOHOY_ 140

* * * gurrodi foj`n p`hlojb `ji se te tgd sgop * * * Merros G`rros

'@*S*/ h`md te tgd Hustems Kdtty wotg us*

Ygdrd `rd sox etgdr

p`ssdjbdrs.

`nn Qusso`js* Ejd ojtreiuhdi

gomsdnf `s ` m`j wge. Qevdr ef Y`ss `bdjhy sòi. weuni gdnp

md bdt ` vos` `t Vnìovestel* Yeel ` hg`jhd `ji h`md ej tgos

trop wotgeut ` vos`. worojb R`ntdr Iur`jty `t Meshew* Eur

H`ptòj os ` Jerwdbo`j kust eut frem Durepd wotg `j `rms

sgopmdjt * * * nejb oj Xeutg @mdroh`. `ji sojbs tgd pròsds ef

Qoe id K`jdore* *** Ye adi d`rny `ji vdry tordi. `ftdr t`nlojb

wotg tgd H`ptòj àeut tgd ujfòr jdw T* X* @%s sgoppojb sua-

soiy. tgd adùtods ef Qoe. dth* *** O `rrovdi `ji ndft Hgoj` ej `

Xuji`y* * * *

MEJI@_. Xdptdmadr 1;

Tp `t jeej `ji `ftdr td` `ji te`st oj my hàoj. ej idhl te

w`nl ` aot `ji rdì* * * * Xgop"s vortu`nny idsdrtdi* Ygd Meidste.

os ` f`r hry frem tgd Srds* Sodrhd wgohg O h`md eut ej oj 0?19*

Yd` `t feur `ji fddnojb ` aotonn

*** rennojb quotd ` aot. aut sef`r jet se aì* My Qusso`j sgopm`tds `ssurd md O"nn g`vd je

treuand n`jiojb `t Vnìovestel* Ygdy pn`ydi M` Kejbb `ftdr

iojjdr tejobgt `ji n`tdr wd s`t `ji gì ` b`y tomd oj tgd

smelojb reem* Ye adi r`tgdr n`td `ftdr muhg R`nn`-w`nn`.

ojhnuiojb `j `rbumdjt wotg eur H`ptòj `s te tgd mdrots ef tgd

Djbnosg n`jbu`bd Gd ojsostdi ot w`s tgd adst. mest dxprdssovd

spddhgoj tgd

werni.wgond O sòi ot w`s ejd ef tgd

werst. n`hlojbtgd dx`htjdss ef tgd Frdjhg er dvdj semd Hgojdsd n`jbu`bds* * * *

YTDXI@_. Xdptdmadr 8;

Rd `rd g`nfw`y te V*. std`mojb pd`hdfunny `hress tgd K`p`j

Xd` wotg Lerd` pnòjny vosoand eff eur pert aew. new. br`y.

mosty* * * * Nottnd fosgojb ae`ts iet tgd fn`t surf`hd ef eur ehd`j.

tgdor tojy sòns adnnodi te tgd snobgt arddzd `ppd`rojb nold tgd

projts ay K`p`jdsd `rtosts* Ygd w`tdr os ` br`y-brddj `bòj `ftdr

ydstdri`y"s pdhuno`rny iddp anud hg`r`htdrostoh ef tgd trepohs* * * *

@ji str`jbdny djeubg. wd r`j ojte heujtndss shgeens ef tojy fnyojb

fosg ! Jdvdr s`w tgesd aut oj tgd trepohs adferd* Ej idhl tei`y

`ftdr toffoj oj my hàoj. te rdì Meidrj Hgojdsd Hovonos`toej. ay

Ir* @* F* Ndbdjird. tr`jsn`tdi ay Dnsod M`rtoj Kejds oj Yelye*

Ot os ` vdry bdjdr`n pnd` fer ojtdrvdjtoej oj Hgoj` ay tgd Sewdrs <




aut gd. nold etgdrs wge"rd suppesdi te ljew `ji g`vd subbdstdi

tgos. effdrs je prebr`m* * * *

Musoh ej tgd Vohtren` oj tgd H`ptòj"s hàoj `ftdr iojjdr*

Gd prevoidi `nse G* B* Rdnns0

Mr* Arotnojb Xdds Ot Ygreubg.

` aeel ej Arotòj"s beojb ojte tgd Brd`t R`r wgohg O rdì ujton

tgd Hgoj`-aey dvohtdi md frem tgd iojojb reem `t tdj e"hnehl*

Ej idhl fer ` ard`tg ef òr* M`jy st`rs. aut ` vdry heen. an`hl

jobgt* * * * Ygd Aob Ioppdr eff eur pert aew. vdry new oj tgd

sd`* Ye my aujl vdry nejdny. semdgew*

RDIJDXI@_. Xdpt* 9;

Mr* Arotnojb `ji O gì ` heen. pnd`s`jt i`y ef ot* O nold

Rdnns mest ef tgd tomd* Gd`vodr hnetgojb w`s hemfertànd ej

idhl* Bdttojb r`tgdr rdstndss `ji d`bdr te bdt `sgerd. @ mejet-

ejeus trop. tgos* Rdnn. Vnìovestel d`rny temerrew os ejd hej-

sen`toej* Xtonn wejidrojb àeut my vos`* My Qusso`j sgopm`tds

`rd hejfoidjt* * * surd je treuand. tgdy s`y*

YGTQXI@_. Xdpt* 4;

Rd `rd jew oj Vnìovestel fer tgd forst tomd* Kust `s seej

ot"s my n`st. tee* Rg`t ` r`msg`hlnd tewj! Aut ` adùtofun. `

truny adùtofun j`tur`n g`raer. n`jinehldi. ots gonns rosojb nobgt

brddj àevd tgd pn`hoi w`tdr* Ot g`s m`rvdneus pessoaonotods. aut

jetgojb"s addj iejd te adùtofy ot er tgd tewj* Ygd g`raer

frddzds senoi oj Jevdmadr `ji osj"t ohd-frdd. tgdy s`y. ujton n`td

sprojb* G`ri te rd`nozd Vnì* os àeut tgd s`md n`totuid `s

Qemd! @ji wd g`vd je vos` tei`y! @ji tg`t"s je keldoj

tgos h`sd* Adhùsd tgd ùtgerotods hovonny aut kust `s idfojotdny

sòi ; _eu must jet hemd `sgerd wotgeut ` vos`* Hànd Meshew

`bòj of yeu nold* Rd"vd gd`ri jetgojb* Aut oj tgd md`jtomd.

ot"s tgd Meidste. fer yeu* Xe gdrd O sot `nejd wotg my tgeubgts.

` vortu`n prosejdr ej wg`t os jew my prov`td y`hgt* O sgeuni

g`vd `j `jswdr ejd w`y er tgd etgdr ay X`turi`y te ` hànd O

sdjt Meshew `bòj tei`y tgreubg tgd h`pànd Mr* Venhgdl ef

tgd Qusso`j I`na`jl. wge `hhemp`jodi md te tgd Ferdobj @bdjt"s

effohd `ji tgd Senohd Idp`rtmdjt ef S`ssperts* Er r`tgdr. O

`hhemp`jodi gom* Gd teni my t`nd ef wed `ji jdbeto`tdi `ji

foj`nny teni md tgd rdsunt Gd hdrtòjny w`s eanobojb. aut O h`j"t

gdnp fddnojb tg`t O"i g`vd iejd f`r adttdr ej my ewj. wotg `




purd aut sompnd ojtdrprdtdr r`tgdr tg`j ` bu`rio`j* Xtonn. ot w`s

vdry loji ef gom* * * * Rd irevd te tgd F* @*"s effohd oj `j

`jhodjt

iresgly

evdr `reubg.

heaandstejdi `vdjudaìny

oj jddi

ef rdpòr `ji up ` suaura`j-nold n`jd iewj wgohg sm`nn frdsgdts

r`j iobbojb trd`hgdreus gends oj tgd iort reì wgohg hùsdi us

te pothg àeut nold ` sgop oj ` b`nd. `ji mest pdroneusny tee*

Mìd ot `ji a`hl wotgeut ` mosg`p * * * i`mjdi hndvdr. tgdsd

Quslods. irovojb* @ji se a`hl te tgd sgop fer ` n`td toffoj `nejd*

@ji ` j`p. fer O bet up d`rny te be `sgerd. `ji tgd kenny eni

Hustems kegjjods `ppd`rdi `t 03 `*m*. ojstdì ef tgd ìvdrtosdi

fovd e"hnehl ej tgd aunndtoj ae`ri! Ygdy `nw`ys ie* ***

Ygdy el`ydi my nubb`bd wotgeut ioffohunty. aut ojsostdi ej

nehlojb up my fonds oj ejd ef my sm`nn tr`vdnnojb a`bs * * * Bei

ljews wgdrd tgdy"vd bet ot jew< semdwgdrd oj Vnì* *** O

gepd ot hemds a`hl* Ygdy m`y ad rdìojb `nn my hànds. mòn

sterods. dt `n. fer yd`rs te tgd Yomds* * * * My H`ptòj `ji O

gì iojjdr oj st`td tejobgt< tgdj gd `ji tgd forst effohdr. Mr*

Orwoj G`jsdj. quotd ` rdm`rlànd fdnnew. wdjt `sgerd fer wg`t

turjdi eut te ad ` aot ef ` jobgt eut. rennojb oj wotg tgd i`wj*

@ji se te adi* * * *

FQOI@_. Xdpt* 6;

Rgy O dvdr. `s O ioi ej Rdijdsi`y. tgeubgt Vnìovestel

weuni ad ` hejsen`toej Bei ejny ljews* Ot"s ad`stny. `ji of O

iej"tbdt

eff tgos

sgop

adferd

nejbO"nn

bemì*

Neìojb`ji ujneìojb ojtdrmojànd brd`t aexds ef td` `nn i`y `ji jobgt!

Je snddp *** je JEYGOJB* Fer ndss tg`j tg`t O"i hguhl tgos

Durepd`j teur `ji be robgt gemd. vdry `jbry* * * * Fujjy te

neel a`hl ej. el`y * * * aut tgdsd ujdjiojb i`ys `ji jobgts `rd

tgd werst O"vd ljewj*

X@YTQI@_. Xdpt* 2;

@sgerd tei`y* Neels `s tgeubg semdtgojb g`s g`ppdjdi* @fnujly h`md àe`ri àeut feur p*m* `ji `ftdr semd treuand bdttojb

`j ojtdrprdtdr sòi tg`t gd gì ` p`ss pdrmottojb md te n`ji `t

ejhd `ji be `jywgdrd O noldi* Fojd* @nse. gd gì ` mdss`bd

rdquorojb tg`t O h`nn `t tgd se-h`nndi Hdjtr`n Hejtren Seojt%"

S`sspert Iovosoej. `t jojd `*m* ej Meji`y* My budss os tg`t

tgdy bet weri tgd vos` os el`y `ji tg`t O bdt ot Meji`y* Fojd




heni md`ts. tojjdi `ji etgdrwosd. `ji veil`. wotg std`mojb get

Qusso`j td` oj t`nn bn`ssds `ftdr wgohg O"m bdttojb te nold om-

mdjsdny* Ot w`shgonny

wgdj wd ndft te h`thg tgd 2;86 p*m*

tròj a`hl te Vnìovestel* Rd wdjt te ` Qusso`j mevod tejobgt

`nn Xevodt prep`b`ji` `ji gì merd td` `ji md`t a`nns `ji

` swddt fer iojjdr n`tdr* Xe a`hl te tgd getdn. `ji te adi wgohg

O gì te m`ld* Ot gì jet addj teuhgdi sojhd O ndft tg`t merjojb*

MEJI@_. Xdpt* ?;

Kuibd @nnm`j g`s hemd `ji bejd* Bet oj tewj tei`y ej `

K`p`jdsd std`mdr frem Ysurub` `jiO mossdi gom `t forst * * *

t`lojb my a`tg* * * * Gd h`md `bòj te tgd getdn àeut sox p*m*.

g`vojb bet gos tohldt fer tejobgt"s tròj* * * tee n`td jew te

h`jhdn ot `ji gd wdjt ej te Meshew* @ji O stonn g`vd je vos`*

* * * X`w tgd S`sspert Iovosoej hg`p* Je weri. aut w`jtdi md

te fonn eut `j `ppnoh`toej an`jl* O ioi. `ji gd"nn pgejd md of `ji

wgdj `jytgojb g`ppdjs* Ygos ujhdrtòjty os bdttojb mobgty eni*

YTDXI@_. Xdpt* 03;

My ojtdrprdtdr. ` yeujb @mdroh`j hg`p. str`jbd te s`y. ef

Qusso`j p`rdjts. str`jidi `nejd gdrd. h`md `nejb àeut tgrdd

`ji wd wdjt oj sd`rhko ef B`tdsm`j. tgd Ferdobj @bdjt * * * tgdj

te tgd K`p`jdsd Hejsun`td te sdd àeut beojb te K`p`j temerrew

te bdt ` vos` `t Ysurub`. `ji rdturj gdrd wotg tgd Arostens `ji

t`ld tgd s`md tròj* * * * Je h`j ie* *** Bet B`tdsm`j ej tgd

pgejd `ji foj`nny mìd `j `ppeojtmdjt fer tdj `*m* temerrew*Xdjt Iur`jty `jetgdr urbdjt hànd* Gepd semdtgojb g`ppdjs

seej! R`r rumers tgohl `s fnods `t tgd heffdd sgeps `ji dnsd-

wgdrd oj tewj tei`y* * * * Hgojdsd m`y fobgt* * * * A`ttnd beojb

ej `nejb tgd M`jhguro`j aeridr sojhd tgd dobgtg. tgdy s`y * * *

`nse `reuji Gà`revsl* * * * Fddn eut ef teuhg wotg dvdrytgojb

oj tgos pn`hd. fer tgd forst tomd oj yd`rs* * * * Eii fddnojb. tgos

oindjdss ef mojdrobgt

jew* * * *

Qdhruotojb gurrodiny beojbej

gdrd jew* Xeniodrs dvdrywgdrd sojbojb. m`rhgojb tgreubg tgd

strddts* Neels emojeus* Gepd ot iedsj"t geni up tgd tròj

sdrvohd * * * jet adferd O bdt `hress of O dvdr ie bdt tg`t vos`*

RDIJDXI@_. Xdpt* 00;

Bet `htoej tei`y! Mdt B`tdsm`j `t tgd effohd `t tdj `*m*

wotg Hgrostdjsdj ef tgd Brd`t Jertgdrj. `ji B`tdsm`j gì bet




` tdndbr`m frem Meshew tdnnojb gom te fox md up* Gd ioi `

net ef tdndpgejojb `ji wd wdjt te tgd S`sspert Effohd `ji `nn w`s

`pp`rdjtnyel`y*

Fondi `jetgdr `ppnoh`toej.wgohg Mr* H* wretd

eut oj Qusso`j. `ji pòi twdjty ruands `ji b`vd tgdm ` pgete*

Bdt my p`sspert a`hl wotg tgd vos` ej Froi`y* * * * Yejbud oj

hgddl ujton tgdj. aut adnodvd ot"s foj`nny foxdi* Rotg Ojtdrprdtdr

Sùn te Ygd Qdi A`jjdr. ` Hemmujost sgddt * * * tgdj evdr te

tgd Meidst`* Jdvdr w`nldi se muhg er se f`r oj ejd i`y oj

`nn my nofd *** `nn evdr tewj ej muntof`roeus drr`jis* *** Je

weri frem Iur`jty* Ye ` hojdm` wotg Mrs* M* tejobgt * * *

ndft `t g`nf-tomd* Xgd teni md tejobgt sgd w`s ` seniodr oj tgd

Hz`r"s `rmy oj 0?04 weujidi jojdtddj tomds iurojb tgd Rerni

R`r* * * * Qdm`rlànd wem`j* Ye adi d`rny. vdry tordi*

YGTQXI@_. Xdpt* 01;

Merd aì jdws* @ iendfun hànd frem Iur`jty oj Meshew

ojtom`tojb F* E* tgdrd rdfusds p`sspert vos` ej wg`t breujis

Beiejny

ljews* * * * @ftdr B`tdsm`j"s `ttotuid ydstdri`y `ji

gos urbdjt ojsostdjhd `t tgd S`sspert Effohd gdrd tg`t tgdy bovd

md ejd `t ejhd. dnsd gd bdts ojte treuand oj Meshew. djtordny oj-

dxpnohànd* * * * Hgrostdjsdj"s fer iojjdr tejobgt. `ji gd `ji

Gerriej wdrd stonn eptomostoh* @m suppesdi te bdt my vos` `t

jeej temerrew* Ej tgd strdjbtg ef `nn tgdsd tgojbs. mevdi

trujls oj frem tgd Meidst` tei`y* M`y g`vd te mevd tgdm robgt

a`hl temerrew! Xpndjioi hgew `t H"s. `ji n`tdr aroibd fer `

heupnd ef geurs* Dvdryejd os hdrtòjny `moànd `ji `hhem-

mei`tojb*

FQOI@_ tgd 08tg!<

Bet tgd vos` tei`y! Rotg Mr* H* te tgd S`sspert Effohd `t

jeej `ji dvdrytgojb w`s el`y* Bet my T* X* hurrdjhy hg`jbdi

ojte ruands `t tgd Hgesdj A`jl* Ye tgd Bdrm`j Hejsun`td wgdrd

O bet ` vos` fer

Bdrm`jy beeifer ejd

yd`r*O"m tr`js-Xoadro`

aeuji ej Meji`y wg`t ` neì eff my moji*

YTDXI@_. Xdpt* 02;

Rd"rd ej tgd w`y te Meshew. `ji `t tgd memdjt `rd st`nndi

`t ` nottnd pn`hd h`nndi Qdi Qovdr Xt`toej. kust ` fdw monds frem

Gà`revsl. `ftdr moijobgt ej ` heni. meejnot pnòj* Gì toffoj

Xuji`y wotg @imor`n `ji Mrs* Arosten. kust oj frem K`p`j * * *




`nse iojjdr `ji te tgd tròj `t dndvdj p*m* Mdt H`ptòj K* ej

tgd w`y tgdrd* Feuji twe trujls hest md 066*43 ruands a`bb`bd

f`rd! YeMeshew.

`nejd * * * `nmest `s muhg `s

myewj ròn-

reì tohldt `ji snddpojb h`r. hemaojdi. te Adrnoj! Yg`t w`s `

anew* * * * Foj`nny `nn àe`ri `t twdnvd moijobgt `ji rdìy te

be *** Hgrostdjsdj `ji Gerriej `nse iewj te sdd us eff. `ji

twe er tgrdd merd* O"m `nejd oj my hemp`rtmdjt se f`r* Bdt

` p`rtjdr `t Gà`revsl* Gepd gd"s jet bet muhg a`bb`bd <tgdsd

hemp`rtmdjts `rd sm`nn* * * * Ejd nolànd hg`p ej ae`ri os `

Xwdiosg djbojddr. nejb ` rdsoidjt ef Hgoj`. beojb gemd*

FQOI@_. Xdpt* 13;

Eubgt te lddp tgos up dvdry i`y * * * aut jet muhg ef oj-

tdrdst* Geur `ftdr geur ef rennojb pròrod * * * reutojd ef d`tojb.

rdstojb. w`nlojb. dth*. bdttojb ` aot ef dxdrhosd `t tgd v`roeus

st`toej steps. `ji hg`ts wotg tgd etgdr rdstndss p`ssdjbdrs*

S`ssdi Hgot` tei`y *** r`j ojte Johl. hg`p wge a`radrdi `t

tgd @mdroh`j Hnua oj Xg`jbgò* Xtr`jidi up gdrd `ji h`j"t bdta`hl jew. iud te tgd w`r* Heujtry os ioffdrdjt jew* Rd"rd oj

Xoadro` prepdr* Merd vonn`bds tg`j tgreubg tgd @mur V`nndy.

tgd rohg ydnnew n`ji huntov`tdi. `ji fdjhds `nn `nejb* Adferd tgdrd

w`s jetgojb. gujirdis ef monds ef gonns. ferdsts. je huntov`toej*

Ird`ry `ji heni* Gì eur forst sjew ydstdri`y* Yrdds turjojb

ydnnew `ji rdi oj ` prefusoej ef f`nn heners `nejb tgd Xoadro`j

heujtrysoid<muhg nold tgd moiindwdst `t gemd* Ygd meejnot

jobgts up gdrd `rd wejidrfun. hnd`r* @ funn ydnnew g`rvdst meej

hemds up `t i`rl. `s wd hg`sd tgd rdiidjojb. sdttojb suj ojte

tgd Rdst tew`ri Durepd. `ji fonns eur ydnnew werni wotg ` seft

nobgt* Ygd ferdst trdds jd`ray `nejb tgd tr`hls. er tr`hl ot os

sojbnd. se f`r. `hress mest ef Xoadro` m`rhg ay nold an`hl

sgìews* Xox merd i`ys te Meshew. `ji O"nn ad bnì wgdj

wd"rd tgdrd* Rd sdt tgd hnehl a`hl `j geur ` i`y jew. Meshew

adojb sox geurs adgoji Hgot`*

MEJI@_. Xdpt* 18;

Tjdvdjtfun wddldji. wotg eur trop merd tg`j g`nf evdr*

Omprevojb my Qusso`j tgd wgond. of `jy. wotg `j dx-Henejdn ef

tgd Hz`r"s `rmy. ` semdwg`t `ttr`htovd `ji vdry anejid a`nndt

i`jhdr frem Ndjojbrì. `ji ` Qusso`j-Kdw wge spd`ls Bdrm`j




`ji `hts `s ojtdrprdtdr fer md* Nd`rjdi QEM M`rod oj Qusso`j.

wgohg os je sm`nn fd`t. dvdrytgojb hejsoidrdi* Rd p`ss ` jumadr

ef

vonn`bds

`ji semd sozdànd hotods jew `ji tgdj* Y`ld dxdrhosd

`t dvdry step. `ji auy hgddsd. seur hrd`m `ji auttdr< semd re`st

hgohldjs. tee* Ygd @imor`n os `j ojidf`tobuànd ojvdstob`ter ef

tgd st`toej rdstùr`jts `ji ojv`roàny hemds a`hl nìdj wotg neet

tgd preiuhd ef tgd g`mndt* Rd bdt te Meshew ej Ygursi`y*

G`ppy tgeubgt; ` a`tg!

RDIJDXI@_. Xdpt* 14;

Ygreubg tgd Tr`ns n`st jobgt `ji ojte Durepd tei`y* Meshewtemerrew merjojb* Xdjt Iur`jty ` word `slojb gom te bdt

rdsdrv`toejs fer md `ji tgd Arostens `t tgd Br`ji Getdn tgdrd oj

Meshew * * * tgdrd"s `nw`ys ` Br`ji Getdn oj dvdry tewj. ot

sddms! Aeubgt ` heupnd ef trojldts * * * sdmo-prdhoeus stejds

`ji tgd nold. `t ` tewj h`nndi Xvdrinevsl n`st jobgt* Yei`y bet

` weeidj hob`rdttd h`sd `t `jetgdr st`toej oj ` iostroht f`meus

ferots

weeiwerl* H`j"t rd`nozd tejobgt"sn`st

jobgt ej tròj*

Ygd heujtrysoid jew os rd`nny adùtofun * * * wdnn ldpt up `ji

huntov`tdi * * * jet nold tgd woni stdppds ef Xoadro`"s pnòjs * * *

monnoejs ef for trdds* Ygd werni os stonn s`fd fer X`jt` Hnùs!

Ygd trop `hress g`s addj idnobgtfun `nn tgd tdj i`ys *** bet ojte

` reutojd. wotg toffoj iòny `t tgrdd p*m* Ygd jobgts h`md ej

`m`zojbny f`st * * * tgd i`ys fndi ay oj je tomd* * * * Meshew

oj tgd

merjojb.

wotgpnd`surd

aut ot"s addj `quohl

`jidjkey

0

ànd trop te Durepd frem tgd F`r D`st* Oj ` w`y. O"m serry ot"s

djiojb*

YGTQXI@_. Xdpt* 16;

Rd bet te Meshew àeut tdj tgorty tgos merjojb `ji of ot

gìj"t addj fer Dubdjd Nyejs ef tgd T* S* wd"i ad `t tgd st`toej

ydt! Gd w`s tgdrd `ji foxdi dvdrytgojb àeut nubb`bd. dth*

Ndft my trujls `t tgd st`toej. `ji wotg Mrs* A* `ji nets ef a`bs

'tgdy wdrd wosd `ji teel je trujls/ teel ` t`xo te tgd getdn*

O"vd jet tee aì ` reem. tgeubg wotg je a`tg `tt`hgdi. fer tdj

ruands ` i`y* Mrs* Audrboj. wofd ef tgd Bdjdr`n Meters hgodf

`t S`ros. dj reutd tgdrd. heunij"t bdt ` reem. jet g`vojb wordi

`gdì `s wd ioi. `ji `s sgd w`jtdi te t`ld ` a`tg O ndt gdr usd

my reem wgond O a`tgdi oj tgd reems ef H`rrenn Aojidr. ef tgd



SDQXEJ@N STANOHOY_ 14?

Hgoh`be Iòny Jdws. wge hemaojds gos effohd `ji reems `t tgd

getdn oj ejd suotd* @ji wgond tgd trop w`s jet aì. `ftdr tg`t

a`tg O fdnt nold ` jdw m`j `bòj! Ygd i`y w`s hnd`r. aut heni

`s gdnn. `t nd`st `ftdr Xg`jbgò"s moni hnom`td jd`r tgd trepohs*

Gì toffoj wotg Aojidr. Iduss ef O* J* X*. `ji etgdrs* Sn`jjdi

te teur àeut tewj wotg tgd A"s `ftdr toffoj. aut mossdi tgdm

wgond tryojb te gdnp Mrs* Audrboj auy ` tohldt frem tgd aeridr

te S`ros* Yejobgt te tgd Meshew epdr` wotg tgd Arostens `ji

Aojidr* Adb`j `t sdvdj tgorty `ji n`stdi ujton twdnvd tgorty `*m* !

Bet eur mejdy"s wertg tgdrd* Epdr` Geusd os ` m`ssovd auoni-

ojb * * * epdr` sojbojb dxhdnndjt. dspdho`nny hgerusds* * * * X`w

Aeros Beiujev. Meusserbsly"s epdr` ef eni Qusso`j heurt oj-

trobud* Ygd A"s `ji O gì suppdr `t ejd `*m*. `ji `ftdr ` i`jhd

wotg M` Arosten. te adi n`td `ji vdry tordi* * * * Iur`jty w`s

oj Adrnoj. rdturjojb frem S`ros* A`hl ej Xuji`y* Ygd A"s be

te Ndjojbrì X`turi`y p*m* O"vd idhoidi te be ej te Bdrm`jy

ej Xuji`y dvdjojb*

X@YTQI@_. Xdpt* 17;

Ygos os ` f`shoj`tojb aut fd`rfunny idprdssojb spet* Ygos wddl

dji wd g`vd addj sddojb tgd sobgts oj merd er ndss teurost f`sgoej.

dxhdpt wd g`vd jet gì tomd te be ojte tgd musdums. hgurhgds.

f`hterods. `ji tgd rdst ej tgd ad`tdj teurost tr`hl* Rd"vd irovdj

àeut tewj. gewdvdr. `ji sddj tgdsd pn`hds `t. se te spd`l. `rm"s

ndjbtg* Ygd Lrdmnoj eff tgd Qdi Xqu`rd wd ioi oj àeut twe

geurs. er ` nottnd ujidr Ygos os f`r frem tgd rdheri. wgohg tgd

teurosts `rd huttojb iewj `nn tgd tomd* Xeej tgdy"nn ad rujjojb

sobgt-sddojb ausds tgreubg ot oj tdj mojutds f Ejd must g`vd `

p`ss te bdt oj gdrd fer tgd Lrdmnoj os tgd sd`t ef bevdrjmdjt*

Oj gdrd ejd m`y vodw tgd wojiews ef Ndjoj"s stuiy oj tgd

Bevdrjmdjt auoniojb ej tgd ndft. wgond ej yeur robgt. nìods

`ji bdjtndmdj. os `j eni h`jjej. tgd hgonn veohd ef tgd pre-

fdssoej`n buoid irejds ej wgond `j `nn-@mdroh`j p`rty ef `t nd`st

tgorty r`tgdr aerdi hotozdjs b`zds àeut tgd h`mpus-nold squ`rd

fermdi ay `jhodjt auoniojbs. hgurhgds. Sdtdr tgd Brd`t"s pn`y-

geusd. dth*. `ji y`wjs* Ygd Lrdmnoj. wgond jet se get. must

g`vd addj rd`nny m`bjofohdjt oj ots i`y; ot stonn os ` m`ssovdny

omprdssovd pn`hd. wotg ots beni-hevdrdi. mesqud-nold hgurhg




tewdrs. tgd squ`rd wgdrd tgd dmpdrers ef eni wdrd hgrostdjdi

wgdj Meshew w`s tgd h`pot`n. tgd pn`hd wgdrd tgd Hz`rs wdrd

hrewjdi. rundi `ji n`y aurodi jew bu`ridi ay Qdi Xevodt

treeps `ji m`hgojd bujs* * * *

MEJI@_. Xdpt* 83;

Eut ef Xevodt Qusso` `t n`st* Rd hressdi tgd aeridr ojte

Sen`ji `t Xtenphd `t tdj `*m*

Mdt Iur`jty ` memdjt ej gos rdturj frem eutsoid. `s tgd

herrdspejidjts er `jyejd dnsd st`toejdi oj Meshew tdrms ` vosot

te `jy heujtry oj tgd rdst ef Durepd* Ygdj O gì te i`sg fer

my tròj te Adrnoj. beojb vo` R`rs`w fer ` arodf g`nt adtwddj

tròjs tgdrd. wgdrd O gì ` bnompsd ef tgdor Tjljewj Xeniodr"s

tema wotg ots pdrdjjo`n ujqudjhgdi fn`md `ji tgd ojdvotànd

wrd`tg ef gejer* My tròj hemp`joejs. ejd `j Djbnosgm`j `ji

tgd etgdr ` yeujb @mdroh`j djbojddr. `brddi tg`t ot w`s brd`t

jet te g`vd te t`nl oj wgospdrs `jy merd. jew tg`t wd wdrd eut

ef Qusso`* Ot os* @ji te sdd mdj `ji wemdj wotg smonojb f`hds

`ji sonl stehlojbs `ftdr tgd hettej-hnetgdi. hgddrndss `ppd`rojb

Qusso`j borns se ird`r oj tgdor j`tovd sdttojb*

Gdrd O sg`nn slop my io`ry"s ndjbtgy `hheujt ef my ieojbs oj

Adrnoj `ji my ujdxpdhtdi trop iewj te S`ros wgdj O gì pn`jjdi te

st`y nejbdr oj Bdrm`jy `ji pdrg`ps wrotd semdtgojb tgdj àeut tgd

Erodjt `ji ots `ffòrs* O

pn`jjdite sòn frem

Ardmdrg`vdjej

tgdJertg Bdrm`j Nneyi nojdr Xtuttb`rt fer ` ndosurdny hressojb te Jdw

_erl. aut dvdjts wgohg O ioi jet hejtrenjer h`rdi te p`rtohun`rny

`ftdr ` fovd-yd`r sekeurj eut D`st `w`y frem nofd `s wd ljew ot oj tgd

Ehhoidjt hùsdi md te spdji tgrdd wddls oj S`ros* Ygdy wdrd

idnobgtfun wddls. aut O sòndi `t n`st frem Aeunebjd fer gemd. `ji

wretd;

FQOI@_. Jevdmadr7;

@AE@QI YGD X*X* XYTYYB@QY. @t Xd`; Rd"rd twe

i`ys frem Jdw _erl. adojb iud ej Xuji`y. tgd 03tg. X`w `nn

O h`rd te ef Durepd fer jew oj tgd p`st tgrdd wddls oj S`ros.

`ji `ftdr ` wddl ej ae`ri tgos snew p`hldt O sg`nn ad rdìy te

bdt a`hl gemd* Mdt `jojtdrdstojb Bdrm`j-@mdroh`j hg`p ej

ae`ri j`mdi G* S* 'Gdojod/ Negm`jj. fermdrny wotg tgd




Xt`ji`ri Eon oj Xg`jbgò. ` stehl areldr oj X`j Fr`jhoshe*

Ljdw m`jy ef my frodjis oj Hgoj`. `ji wd t`nldi ef eni tomds

eut D`st* Rd`tgdr se f`r dxhdnndjt ej tgd Jertg @tn`jtoh fer

tgos tomd ef yd`r* * * * Jet ` i`y ef sd`-sohljdss fer md ***

aut wd"vd renndi quotd ` aot sdvdr`n tomds * * * must ad ` adttdr

er wosdr sòner*

Ej ae`ri tgd X* X* Xtuttb`rt `rd ` Mr* Nulds `ji gos twe

yeujb iùbgtdrs. X`r`g `ji Xus`j. ef Puojhy. 000* * * * Ygdsd

borns wdrd `t Hgrosto`j Henndbd oj Mosseuro wgdj O wdjt te tgd

Xt`td Tjovdrsoty `t Henumao` tgdrd yd`rs `be * * * tgdy ljdw

Yobd Arewj. Tjh Adjsej. dth*. vdry wdnn* *** Rd `nse

gì hejsoidrànd te hg`t àeut frem tgesd i`ys vdry iost`jt te

us `nn *** fujjy heojhoidjhd* * * *

My io`ry djis àruptny wotg tg`t rdm`rl. fujjy heojhoidjhd*

Rd iehldi oj Jdw _erl ` i`y er se n`tdr ej Jevdmadr 03. 0?1?*



11 YGD AE_ DMSDQEQ QTNDX @B@OJ

f|+GD K`p`jdsd sdozdi M`jhguro`"s pd`hdfun Ygrdd D`stdrj Srev-

O ojhds ef Hgoj` oj tgd f`nn `ji wojtdr ef 0?80-81 `ji rdsterdi tgd

Aey Dmpdrer te tgd tgrejd ef gos M`jhgu `jhdsters ej M`rhg

0 `j gosteroh`n i`td oj m`rlojb tgd M`jhgu ojv`soej ef Hgoj` adnew

tgd Brd`t R`nn* Ot w`s ej tgos i`td oj 0699 tg`t tgdy adb`j tgdor

Hgojb Iyj`sty er Surd rund oj Sdlojb*

Ygd Aey Dmpdrer gì addj novojb oj pd`hdfun sdhnusoej `s `

budst ef tgd K`p`jdsd oj tgdor Hejhdssoej `t Yodjtsoj fer sdvdr`n

yd`rs. sojhd gos prdhopoteus fnobgt frem Sdlojb"s ujhdrtòjtods* Gd w`s

oj aeiony i`jbdr tgdrd dvdj adferd tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej. `ji

wotg tgd òi ef tgd K`p`jdsd gd bet `w`y* Xtonn. ot w`s semdtgojb ef

` h`sd ef eut ef tgd fryojb-p`j `ji ojte tgd ford fer gd g`s jdvdr

addj frdd sojhd*

Gd w`s ` vortu`n prosejdr `t Yodjtsoj* Ygdj wgdj K`p`j p`hofodi

M`jhguro` `ji rd`nny adh`md idìny sdroeus oj gdr pn`j tgdrd. gd w`s

djtgrejdi `t Hg`jb-hgujb. jew h`nndi Gsojlojb. tgd jdw h`pot`n oj

jertgd`stdrj @so`*

Ygd Aey Dmpdrer gì je merd te s`y àeut gos adojb wgosldi

`w`y frem tgd h`nm ef Yodjtsoj te tgd m`dnstrem ef M`jhguro` oj

0?81 tg`j yeu ioi* Ot w`s fer tgd st`td. `j Erodjt`n hejhdptoej ef

purd p`troetosm. tg`t tgd yeutg. wge gì addj ljewj fer ` tomd adferd

gos evdrtgrew oj tgd eroboj`n rdvent `bòjst gos Ir`bej Ygrejd `s

Dmpdrer Gsu`j Y"ojb. adh`md Dmpdrer L`jb-Ydg* Gomsdnf. gd

prdfdrrdi te ad ljewj `s pnòj Mr Gdjry Su-yo. `ji iurojb gos

rdtordmdjt oj Sdlojb `ji n`tdr oj Yodjtsoj tg`t w`s tgd hebjemdj

gd usdi* Aut ejd aerj `s tgd Xej ef Gd`vdj. h`jjet ad pnòj Mr*

`jytgojb fer vdry nejb* Ygd Erodjt`ns `rd fujjy tg`t w`y* Of yeu

`rd tgd Xej ef Gd`vdj. yeu"vd bet te ad tgd Xej ef Gd`vdj se tg`t

tgd hemmej pdepnd m`y g`vd semdtgojb te lew-tew te iewj gdrd ej

d`rtg*

161



YGD AE_ DMSDQEQ QTNDX @B@OJ 168

Yg`t os tgd hgodf rd`sej tgdrd w`s je m`ker hempnòjt veohdi ay

tgd M`jhgus er tgd Hgojdsd pdepnds wgdj Gdjry adh`md tgdor jdw

rundr*

Ygdynoldi ot* Ygd

Dmpdreroj tgd Erodjt os

wersgoppdi`s wdnn `s rdvdrdi* Ygd K`p`jdsd g`vd tgd s`md hejhdptoej oj tgdor

idveut aewojb te tgd Dmpdrer Goregote. wgem tgdy adnodvd ` iordht

idshdji`jt ef tgd Xuj Beiidss* Ygd Ehhoidjt`n r`hds g`vd `j `f-

fono`tdi rdnoboeus adnodf eftdj dxprdssdi oj tgd iovojd robgt ef lojbs*

Oj tgd rdster`toej oj M`jhguro` M`rhg 0. 0?81. K`p`j bràadi

M`jhguro` `s sgd gì se nejb h`rdfunny pn`jjdi te ie* @aeut tg`t

tomd. O w`s kust bdttojb sdttndi oj R`sgojbtej* Ygd treuand gì

st`rtdi adferd O bet tgdrd* K`p`j rdpertdi tgd jew gosteroh Mulidj

Ojhoidjt. wgdj gdr Xeutg M`jhguro` Qònw`y tr`hl ej tgd aeridr

ef tg`t hoty w`s sòi te g`vd addj terj up ay Hgojdsd* Yreeps wdrd

rusgdi te tgd spet frem `nn qu`rtdrs. rd`hgojb tgdrd oj ` surprosojbny

sgert tomd frem tgd hgodf M`jhguro`j a`sd `t Iòrdj*

Ygd ojhoidjt ehhurrdi ej Xdptdmadr 07. 0?80* Oj ` fdw geurs

tgd K`p`jdsd sdozdi hejtren ef Mulidj wotg gdr rònw`y bu`ris st`-

toejdi tgdrd `ji rdojferhdmdjts* Ygdrd w`s gd`vy fobgtojb`nn tg`t

f`nn `ji f`r ojte tgd wojtdr. aut ay sprojb tgd K`p`jdsd gì dvdrytgojb

ujidr hejtren* Ygdor @ma`ssìer te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. Mr* Ldj-

lohgo Idauhgo. iòny `ssurdi eur Xdhrdt`ry ef Xt`td tgdy gì je

ojtdjtoej ef `jjdxojb M`jhguro`* Henejdn Gdjry N Xtomsej pre-

fdssdi te adnodvd gos an`ji. dvdr-smonojb `ssur`jhds

Oj ` w`y. tgd Gejerànd Mr* Idauhgo sgert. retuji. smonojb. `ji

` beei sheut w`s robgt* Ygd mdj `t Yelye ioi jet `jjdx

M`jhguro` oj se m`jy weris* Ygdy sompny s`w te ot tg`t tgd

pdepnd oj M`jhguro` w`jtdi ojidpdjidjhd frem Hgoj` ` pgr`sd

dvdj tgd `vdr`bd @mdroh`j heuni ujidrst`ji* Rd w`jtdi eur ojid-

pdjidjhd ejhd jet se nejb `be. tee. `ji bet ot* Ygus wd foji tg`t

9

"tgd pdepnd hg`jbdi tgd j`md te M`jhgulue `ji tgdmsdnvds pre-

hnòmdi tgdor jdw ojidpdjidjt Xt`td tgd i`y tg`t tgd Aey Dmpdrer

`shdjidi gos jdw tgrejd oj Gsojlojb* Yelye gì jetgojb te ie

wotg ot effoho`nny*Aut ujeffoho`nny wdnn. wg`t ie yeu tgojl5

Yg`t i`y tgdy 'tgd pdepnd/ .wotg K`p`jdsd ìvosdrs. b`vd yeujb

Mr* Gdjry Su-yo `j Ompdro`n `jjeujhdmdjt. er Qdshropt. te rdì

wgond gd prdp`rdi te sot iewj ej gos jdw tgrejd* Ot rdì tg`t gd

'wd/ w`s `shdjiojb tgd tgrejd oj hejfermoty wotg tgd wosgds ef

tgd pdepnd. `ji hempnyojb wotg tgd wonn ef Gd`vdj* @ji tgd jdw




Xt`td w`s aerj. K`p`j dxtdjidi id kurd rdhebjotoej effoho`nny sdvdr`n

mejtgs n`tdr. oj tgd Sretehen ef Xdptdmadr 04. 0?81. kust ` yd`r `ftdr

tgd Mulidj ojhoidjt wgohg w`s r`tgdr f`st mevojb oj suhg `

b`md ef penotohs*

D`rny oj K`ju`ry ef 0?81. tgd K`p`jdsd bet ojte treuand iewj oj

Xg`jbgò* Ygos forst Xg`jbgò R`r hùsdi wddls ef st`rtnojb

jdws `bòj `ji ot teel K`p`j"s treeps r`tgdr nejbdr tg`j tgdy gì

`jtohop`tdi te qudnn tgd stuaaerj Hgojdsd rdsost`jhd ndi ay tgd jew

f`meus Jojdtddjtg Qeutd @rmy `t tgd meutg ef tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr

jd`rXg`jbgò*

Yg`t eutard`l

adb`j

wgdj ` Hgojdsd mea ej

K`ju`ry 07. 0?81. `tt`hldi fovd K`p`jdsd oj Xg`jbgò. ojhnuiojb twe

Auiigost prodsts* Ygd K`p`jdsd sdjt ` M`rojd p`tren `sgerd te

p`hofy tgd sotu`toej. `ji tgd w`r w`s ej* Herrdspejidjts frem

`nn evdr tgd werni fnehldi tgdrd `bòj. ojhnuiojb Ronn Qebdrs. Fneyi

Boaaejs `ji sherds ef etgdrs* @ji O w`s rdh`nndi frem R`sgojbtej

te g`jind tgd trdmdjieus venumd ef hàndi iosp`thgds peurojb oj frem

tgd herrdspejidjts eut tgdrd fer Ygd Tjotdi Srdss @sseho`toejs*

Ygdy ldpt md sw`mpdi i`y oj. i`y eut iurojb tg`t sgew oj

K`ju`ry `ji Fdaru`ry ef 0?81* Ygd jdws peurdi oj `t `nn geurs ef

tgd i`y `ji jobgt* Ej K`ju`ry 13. tgd Xg`jbgò Mujohop`n Heujhon

oj tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt prehnòmdi ` st`td ef dmdrbdjhy oj

tgd ferdobj `rd`* Mest ef tgd fobgtojb ehhurrdi oj Hg`pdo. tgd j`tovd

Hgojdsd hoty tew`ri Reesujb `ji tgd S`hofoh* Ygd Nd`bud ef J`-

toejs w`s ojfermdi ef tgd vortu`n st`td ef w`r tgdj dxostojb* Ygdrd

w`s jetgojb vortu`n àeut ot te tgd mdj oj tgdforojb nojds! Ygd

Reesujb-Hg`pdo a`ttnd eutsoid tgd Xdttndmdjt n`stdi frem Fdaru`ry

13 te M`rhg 0. aut tgd `rmostohd djiojb tg`t aneeiy `ffòr w`s jet

sobjdi ujton M`y 4. 0?81*

Ygd fobgtojb gì nejb addj evdr ay tg`t tomd. gewdvdr. `ji O

wdjt a`hl te tgd Rgotd Geusd oj R`sgojbtej. I* b. tgd M`rhg

prdvoeuste tgd

Xg`jbgò`rmostohd*

'O

gìkeojdi

tgd Tjotdi Srdss

ej my rdturj te @mdroh`. `ji oj 0?80 w`s `ssobjdi te tgd Rgotd

Geusd te hevdr tgd Geevdr @imojostr`toej*/ Ygd rdster`toej

ir`m` ef tgd Aey Dmpdrer oj M`jhguro` ojtrobudi md. `ji wg`t

ot md`jt te Hgoj` `ji tgd futurd ef tgd Erodjt* Ot stonn os ` str`jbd

podhd oj tgd t`jbndi p`ttdrj ef eur tomds. `ji O w`jt te be ojte tgd

nofd stery gdrd ef tgos g`pndss p`wj oj tgd sgoftojb p`jer`m` ef tgd




F`r D`st *** tgd ujadnodvànd gostery ef tgd m`j wge"i jet ad lojb.

of gd heuni gdnp ot*

Ygos sndjidr. fròn yeutg. gos ydnnew f`hd tgoj `ji p`nd adgoji

spdht`hnds. steei oj tgd Ygrejd Qeem ef gos M`jhgu `jhdsters `t

gosteroh Hg`jb-hgujb. `jhodjt h`pot`n ef M`jhguro`. tg`t sprojb i`y oj

0?81. `ji teel tgd e`tg ef effohd `s jemoj`n rundr ef `jetgdr sgìewy

rd`nm* Ygos w`s tgd jdw `ji syjtgdtoh M`jhguro`j-Mejbeno`j st`td

ef wg`t w`s forst h`nndi fer ` arodf tomd @jlue. N`ji ef Sd`hd

spejserdi ay K`p`j. vobereusny rdkdhtdi ay Hgoj`. `ji jet rdhebjozdi

iopnem`toh`nny ay tgd rdst ef tgd werni*

Bejbs seujidi tgreubg tgd p`n`hd `t ejd tomd b`y wotg p`bd`jtry

ef `jetgdr `ji merd henerfun i`y* Ygdor sejereus. iddp aeemojb

wdnndi tgreubg tgd wojtry strddts ef Hg`jb-hgujb oj tgd gd`rt ef

M`jhguro`. h`nnojb ej `nn te wotjdss tg`t ` jdw rundr gì addj pre-

hnòmdi* Ygd i`td w`s M`rhg ?. 0?81* Ygos yeutg. tgd n`st te sot

ej tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd ef Hgoj` oj Sdlojb. w`s rdhdjtny rdturjdi

ujidr K`p`jdsd bu`ri te tgd fdrtond prevojhds ef M`jhguro` `ji oj-

ùbur`tdi ay tgd K`p`jdsd `s rundr ef tg`t n`ji ef gos f`tgdrs*

Srosejdr te `nn ojtdjts `ji purpesds tgdsd p`st twe idhìds oj tgd

g`jis ef tgd K`p`jdsd. Gdjry os jew tgdor ujwonnojb puppdt oj M`j-

hguro`. ferhdi te ` pesotoej ef jemoj`n pewdr. te wgohg gd jdvdr

`spordi*

Ygd K`p`jdsd ay ` aeni monot`ry ìvdjturd gì dkdhtdi ejd yeujb

m`j `s ` rundr ef M`jhguro` `ji pn`hdi `jetgdr oj gos stdì* Ay `

p`rìex ef fertujd. tgd yeutg wge w`s dnomoj`tdi os tgd sej ef tgd

m`j wge. `t tgd adbojjojb ef tgos hdjtury. pn`ydi ` m`ker rend oj tgd

evdrtgrew ef tgd M`jhgus wge jew rdobj `bòj* Ot w`s pedtoh kustohd

tg`t tgd K`p`jdsd rdturjdi Gdjry Su-yo te ` sdman`jhd ef pewdr*

Ygus. f`jt`stoh`nny. `t tgd turj ef tgd wgddn wgohg put tgdm tgdrd.

Gdjry `roi gos wofd. Dnozàdtg 'aoz`rrd j`mds wgohg tgd Xej ef

Gd`vdj hgesd fer gomsdnf `ji gos aroid/ jew pn`y `t runojb oj tgd

M`jhguro`j prevojhds. muhg. ad ot rdpd`tdi. `bòjst tgdor wonn* Ygdor

rd`n j`mds `rd Gsu`j Y"ojb. tgd Aey Dmpdrer. `ji gos Jumadr

Ejd wofd. tgd fermdr Srojhdss Lue Hgo` Xo. iùbgtdr ef ` m`ker-

bdjdr`n ujidr tgd eni rdbomd oj Sdopojb* Gd sdndhtdi gdr. eiiny

djeubg `ji nottnd oj gos nofd os jet eii tgreubg ` adùty hejtdst*

Aut merd ef tg`t n`tdr*

Aetg Gdjry `ji gos prdtty wofd weuni f`r r`tgdr be àreì.




prdfdràny te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. te novd quodtny `s stuidjts tg`j rund

tgd M`jhgus ujidr tgd tguma ef tgd K`p`jdsd* Gdjry os tgorty-sdvdj <

gos tojy. adùtofunny `rostehr`toh hejsert os g`riny merd tg`j tgorty*

Ygdy `rd meidrjozdi rundrs ef tgd Erodjt. spd`l Djbnosg. be te

tgd mevods. `ji g`vd `s tgdor forst wosg oj nofd ` idsord te ad ndft

`nejd* Ygdy g`vd feuji ejhd merd. gewdvdr. tg`t nofd fer ` m`j

ujfertuj`td djeubg te g`vd addj rundr ef tgd `jhodjt Hdndsto`n Dmpord

ef Hgoj` os jet tg`t sompnd* @ji tgd p`n`hd `t Hg`jb-hgujb os jew

tgd prdsoidjto`n àeid ef Gdjry `ji Dnozàdtg tgd Rgotd Geusd ef

` jdw st`td. gewdvdr ujstànd* Ots heurty`ris `rd ujldmpt hemp`rdi

wotg tgdor pemp `ji hdrdmejy ef ydstdri`y* Ygdrd os nottnd te rdh`nn

tgd spndjier ef arobgtdr i`ys adferd tgd M`jhgus m`rhgdi seutgw`ri.

sw`rmdi evdr tgd Brd`t R`nn `ji hejqudrdi Hgoj` ejny te ad

àseradi tgdmsdnvds*

Ygd tgrejd reem ef tgdor jdw rdsoidjhd w`s tgd shdjd ef tgd

ojùbur`toej* Ywe brd`t benidj sd`ns wdrd prdsdjtdi te Gdjry tgd

sd`n ef Xt`td `ji tgd Qdbdjt"s sd`n* @ sm`nn breup ef Hgojdsd `ji

` fdw Mejbeno`j projhds b`tgdrdi fer tgd ujrd`n hdrdmejods* Ygdsd

mdj. wotg tgd òi ef K`p`jdsd ìvosdrs. `nse prdsdjt. wdrd rdspej-

soand fer tgd wgend sgew* Ygd hdrdmejy w`s arodf* Ygd yeutg

brddtdi tgd ùiodjhd `ji speld ` fdw weris prdp`rdi fer gom* Gd

swerd te upgeni tgd jdw Xt`td* Ygd Xej ef Gd`vdj gì adhemd

'`bòj eiiny djeubg te stor gos gejerànd `jhdsters oj tgdor `jhodjt

temas/ gdì ef ` idmehr`hy ef serts ` ioht`tersgop. `htu`nny. gdni

tebdtgdr ay a`yejdts aut a`sdi ej tgd tgdery ef dvdjtu`nny m`lojb

@jlue ` idmehr`hy*

@nn gos nofd. Gdjry Su-yo g`s addjfnottojb

frem tgrejd te senotuid

`ji a`hl `bòj* Dvdjts ef brd`t memdjt ehhurrdi te gom wgdj gd

w`s tee yeujb te ujidrst`ji wg`t ot w`s `nn àeut* Gd w`s ejny

tgrdd yd`rs eni wgdj gd `shdjidi tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd oj Sdlojb* Gd

w`s aerj mdrdny tgd gdor te ejd ef Hgoj`"s projhop`notods aut w`s

hgesdj ay tgd eni Iew`bdr Dmprdss te suhhddi gdr jdpgdw. tgd Dm-pdrer Lu`jb Gsu* Ygd tgrdd-yd`r eni ojf`jt ljdw jetgojb ef tgd

brd`t p`bd`jts `ji tgd `hhnòm tg`t w`s `hheridi gom `ji nottnd ef

tgd rdst ef tgd hdrdmejy wgohg w`s ` pohturdsqud p`rt ef gos here-

j`toej `s `j Erodjt`n petdjt`td*

Gd w`s stonn ` vdry sm`nn aey wgdj gd w`s forst rdmevdi frem tgd

tettdrojb Ir`bej Ygrejd* Ygd rdvent `bòjst tgd M`jhgus suhhddidi




oj 0?00. `ji ejny feur yd`rs `ftdr gos djtgrejdmdjt tgd Aey Dm-

pdrer rdsobjdi* Gos àioh`toej md`jt jetgojb te gom `t tgd tomd.

`ji gd heuni g`vd ljewj jetgojb `t tgd `bd ef sdvdj ef tgd sobjofoh`jhd

tg`t gos sobjojb `w`y `j dmpord gì oj tgd m`rhg ef werni `ffòrs*

Tpej àioh`toej. Gsu`j Y"mb adh`md pnòj Gdjry Su-yo `ji rdtordi

ojte tgd me`tdi Feraoiidj Hoty. Ygdrd oj tgd gd`rt ef tgd Y`rt`r

Hoty ef eni Sdlojb. surreujidi ay bnd`mojb ydnnew reefs. m`rand

tdrr`hds `ji st`tdny p`n`hds wotg tgdor sendmj Mojb iyj`sty m`sejry.

gd stuiodi `ji h`rrodi ej*

Md`jwgond tgd wofd ef Lu`jb Gsu. tgd ujhnd wgem Gdjry suh-

hddidi `s dmpdrer. gì hemd ojte tgd totnd ef Iew`bdr Dmprdss* Xgd

gdni tgos pest `t tgd tomd ef tgd àioh`toej. aut sgertny tgdrd`ftdr

iodi* @t gdr id`tg. hr`fty Hgoj Fdo. Lu`jb Gsu"s benidj hejhuaojd%"

w`s ndft `s gdì ef tgd wemdj oj tgd Ompdro`n geusdgeni* Xgd w`s

vortu`nny suprdmd oj idhoiojb tgd nofd ef tgd yeutg iurojb tgd yd`rs

gd novdi oj tgd Feraoiidj Hoty. wgdrd dvdj gos ewj f`tgdr `ji metgdr.

tgd Srojhd `ji Srojhdss Hguj. wdrd jet pdrmottdi* Ygd ojfnudjhd ef

tgos hejhuaojd henerdi gos d`rny i`ys `ji fermdi `jetgdr p`rt ef tgd

wdori p`ttdrj ef gos nofd*

Ygd tdrms ef Gdjry"s àioh`toej wdrd jet djtordny ujpnd`s`jt*

Gd rdtòjdi gos totnd ef Dmpdrer `ji w`s bu`r`jtddi ay tgd Qdpuanoh

tgd s`md rdspdht `s w`s iud ` ferdobj sevdrdobj* Gd w`s te rdhdovd

)9.333.333 'sonvdr/` yd`r. wgohg `t tgd tomd w`s `pprexom`tdny

)1.333.333 oj Tjotdi Xt`tds hurrdjhy. `s hempdjs`toej frem tgd Qd-

puanoh fer hejfosh`tojb gos robgts `ji hrewj* Aut gd r`rdny of dvdr

bet `jytgojb frem tgd sgoftojb hàojdts `t Sdlojb. `ji gì ` ioffohunt

tomd foj`jho`nny*

Gdjry `nse rdtòjdi gos prov`td prepdrty ujidr tgd àioh`toej

tdrms* Ygos ldpt gos heurt oj tgd Feraoiidj Hoty beojb* Gd gì te

sdnn ` brd`t id`n ef tgd tomadr `ji etgdr v`nuànd tgojbs te hejtojud*

Ygd tgrejd `nse rdhdovdi boftsfrem ney`nosts. `ji gd m`j`bdi te sua-

sost* Ygdrd w`s dvdj ` semdwg`t p`tgdtoh `ttdmpt `t rdh`pturojb tgd

spndjier ef tgd eni heurt nofd aut tgd n`mp ef gos fertujds fnohldrdi

`ji wdjt eut*

Ygd aey novdi quodtny oj tgd Feraoiidj Hoty fer semd yd`rs.

ljewojb jetgojb wg`tdvdr ef tgd sojostdr ojtrobud beojb ej `nn àeut

gom `ftdr tgd rdvenutoej* Ot `ppre`hgdi tgd surf`hd ojjumdrànd

tomds. `ji tgd eutard`l oj 0?02 wgohg rdsterdi gom te tgd tgrejd ej




tgd arodf hrdst ef ots toid w`s ojdvotànd aut. te gom. ` hempndtd

surprosd*

Ygdmej`rhgy

w`s rddstànosgdi fer ` fnddtojb memdjt. `ji Srdso-

idjt Fdjb Lue-hg`jb gì te ruj fer gos nofd* Gd hgesd tgd Iuthg

Ndb`toej `s ` rdfubd* Gos ojsdhuroty w`s sgert* Ygd treeps ef tgd

jdw Qdpuanoh reutdi tgd Ompdro`n ferhds tgrdd i`ys n`tdr `ji tgd Aey

Dmpdrer w`s `bòj rdndb`tdi fertgwotg te tgd ojjdr hejfojds ef tgd

Feraoiidj Hoty* Nottnd ioi gd tgojl. pdrg`ps. gew feraoiidj tg`t hoty

w`s semd i`y te ad te gom* Gd w`s ejny tgortddj yd`rs eni tgdj. `ji

ieuatndss ujfdttdrdi ay f`jhods ef br`jidur*

Frem 0?02 ujton tgd f`nn ef 0?19. Gdjry novdi oj `j `tmespgdrd

ef gobg ojtrobud. ydt `nn àeut gom w`s `pp`rdjtny h`nm* Iurojb tgdsd

sdvdj yd`rs gd jdvdr ndft tgd Feraoiidj Hoty se f`r `s os ljewj. aut

spdjt gos i`ys oj stuiy `ji oj dxdrhosd ef tgd sert pessoand ojsoid tgd

p`n`hd breujis* Ygd prdtdjsd ef gos heurt w`s mòjtòjdi `ji gd

w`s f`wjdi upej ay tgd heurtodrs* Jew `ji `bòj gd reid gersd-

a`hl. rdperts frem wotgoj sòi* Etgdr rdperts sòi tgd dxtdjt ef tgos

dxdrhosd hejsostdi ef tgd aey"s adojb sdt ej ` sm`nn Mejbeno`j pejy

wgohg w`s tgdj ndi snewny tgreubg tgd stejd-fn`bbdi breujis ay twe

h`rdfun `ttdji`jts*

Rotg gos meidrj tdjidjhods. Gdjry must g`vd adhemd merd tg`j

fdi up wotg gos sdqudstdrdi nofd* Aut ot w`s dssdjto`n `ji p`rt ef

gos f`td. fer ot must ad rdmdmadrdi tg`t wotgoj tgd erj`td w`nns ef

tgd Feraoiidj Hoty gd w`s stonn te `nn ojtdjts `ji purpesds tgd ehhu-

p`jt ef tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd `ji rundr ef tgd Hdndsto`n Dmpord* Ygd

ney`n `ttdji`jts. tgd nìods `ji bdjtndmdj ef tgd pg`jtem heurt. tgd

dujuhgs `ji tgd mòidjs heuni jet arojb tgdmsdnvds te tgojl ef gom

etgdrwosd*

Ojtrobud. semd pdtty `ji semd sojhdrd. w`s tgdor nofd aneei* Ygdrd

w`s. fer dx`mpnd. ` trdmdjieus `rbumdjt evdr wgdtgdr tgd yeutg

sgeuni wd`r spdht`hnds* Ejd f`htoej oj gos heurt gdni tg`t spdht`hnds

gì jdvdr addj werj ay `jy etgdr dmpdrer ef tgd iyj`sty `ji tg`t

tgd idvohd hdrtòjny heuni jet ad jdhdss`ry `t tgos n`td i`td* Ygd

fermdr Iew`bdr Dmprdss w`s mest strdjueus oj gdr eppesotoej te

tgd ojjev`toej* Aut Gdjry. jdvdr strejb. gì adhemd ` hejst`jt

stuidjt* Gd usdi gos dyds i`y `ji jobgt. rdìojb* @ heurt pgysoho`j

rundi tg`t of tgd aey"s sobgt wdrd te ad s`vdi Gdjry gì te usd

spdht`hnds wgdjdvdr rdìojb* Ygd pgysoho`j sdttndi tgd hejtrevdrsy.



YGD AE_ DMSDQEQ QTNDX @B@OJ 16?

aut gos idhosoej hùsdi je nottnd g`ri fddnojb oj tgd Ompdro`n geusdgeni*

Ot w`s tgdor aobbdst preandm oj mejtgs*

Ygus. ir`m`. tr`bdiy `ji tr`boh-hemdiy fonndi tgd nofd ef Gdjry

Su-yo. `nn wotgeut tgd snobgtdst venotoej ej gos p`rt* Gd g`s jdvdr

wonndi gomsdnf ojte ` ir`m`toh. tr`boh er hemoh sotu`toej* Gd weuni

ruj f`r frem ejd er `nn tgrdd* _dt `nw`ys tgos yeutg g`s pòi tgd

pdj`nty ef adojb tgd n`st Xej ef Gd`vdj*

Ejd teuhg ef tr`bdiy wgohg gd rdmdmadrs ehhurrdi oj Ehteadr

0?10* @j effoho`n heurt st`tdmdjt rdpertdi tgd suiidj id`tg ef

Srojhdss Hguj. gos yeujb `ji stonn prdtty metgdr* Xgd iodi ef epoum

peosejojb* Ygd Srojhdss. tgd arodf rdpert sdt fertg. gì hemmottdi

suohoid* Gewdvdr tg`t m`y ad. gdr id`tg h`md `s ` rdsunt ef ` qu`rrdn

wotg Hgoj Fdo. tgd benidj hejhuaojd `ji. `s O g`vd sòi. vortu`n

Dmprdss Iew`bdr* Ygd rdperts ef tgd qu`rrdn wdrd jet hnd`r `s tgdy

sddpdi frem tgd kd`neusny m`sldi novds ef tgd heurt oj tgd gd`rt ef

tgd Feraoiidj Hoty*

Ygd treuand. ot `ppd`rdi. w`s evdr tgd sdndhtoej ef ` aroid* Hgoj

Fdo neeldi wotg f`ver upej ` m`tromejo`n `nno`jhd adtwddj Gdjry `ji

` iùbgtdr ef tgd jdw Srdsoidjt ef Hgoj`. hdrtòjny ` str`jbd hem-

aoj`toej te mest w`ys ef tgojlojb* Ygd yeutg"s metgdr. gewdvdr.

prdfdrrdi gdr sej te wdi tgd iùbgtdr ef _uj No`jb. gdr jdpgdw*

Ygd aey gomsdnf. ot `ppd`rs. `nse gì oid`s àeut gos m`rro`bd* Gd

w`jtdi te wdi gos ewj metgdr"s yeujbdr sostdr. oj etgdr weris. gos

ùjt* Xtonn. adojb ` p`todjt yeutg. gd sòi gd weuni àoid ay gos

metgdr"s hgeohd*

Hgoj Fdo w`s jet ` nottnd ojhdjsdi `t tgd turj ef dvdjts wgohg oj

tgd dji upsdt gdr shgdmds* Aottdr weris fennewdi* Srojhd `ji Sroj-

hdss Hguj steei ay tgdor sej* Ygd qu`rrdn hejtojudi fer tgrdd novoi

i`ys* Ygdj Srojhdss Hguj iodi suiidjny* Ygdy sòi sgd gì hem-

mottdi suohoid* Ygd Aey Dmpdrer ndft gos sdhnusoej fer tgd forst

tomd te `ttdji gos metgdr"s fujdr`n ej Ehteadr 80. 0?10* Gd w`s

vdry p`nd tg`t i`y `ji sddmdi fròn `ji sh`rhdny tdj yd`rs eni ojstdì

ef soxtddj* @s tgd h`t`f`nqud ef gos metgdr w`s noftdi. gd ljdnt ej `

rub ef n`masloj `ji aewdi tgrohd tew`ri tgd heffoj* Gd w`s frobgt-

djdi. aut mòjtòjdi `j òr ef utmest iobjoty*

Yomd p`ssdi `ji adferd nejb Gdjry Su-yo w`s `bòj sd`rhgojb fer

` wofd* Gd gì gos w`y tgos tomd* Ygdrd w`s je mddtojb wotg tgd

born. je heurtsgop suhg `s os ljewj oj tgd Rdstdrj Rerni* Aut `




idp`rturd tg`t w`s dvdj merd st`rtnojb w`s mìd oj gos sdndhtoej ef

` aroid*

Gdjry

gdni ` adùty hejtdst! Gd eridrdi tgd twdnvd mest adù-

tofun M`jhgu projhdssds oj Hgoj` te g`vd tgdor pgetebr`pgs t`ldj `ji

sdjt te gom* Ygd yeutg. Ompdro`n kuibd ef tgos rdm`rlànd `rr`y ef

Erodjt`n punhgrotuid. `t n`st djidi tgd suspdjsd ay hgeesojb Srojhdss

Lue Hgo`-so* Gdr f`mony w`s eashurd aut ef projhdny M`jhgu aneei*

Ygd m`thg w`s rdb`ridi `s ` nevd `ffòr* Idshroptoejs ef tgd Srojhdss

sòi sgd w`s tgd mest adùtofun M`jhgu born oj tgd werni* Xgd os

sm`nn `ji sndjidr* Adojb ` M`jhgu sgd ieds jet aoji gdr fddt wgohg.

gewdvdr. `rd j`tur`nny sm`nn* Ygd Born Dmprdss. os quotd meidrj

oj ejd rdspdht fer '`ji tgos os `nse adhùsd sgd os ` M`jhgu/ sgd

usds hesmdtohs. ojhnuiojb reubd. frddny*

Ygd n`w ef tgd Hgojb iyj`sty runds tg`t ejny ` M`jhgu m`y

adhemd tgd wofd ef `j Dmpdrer*

Ygd Dmprdss g`s gòr ef tgdkdt-an`hl sert se prozdi oj tgd Erodjt*

Ot os nejb `ji nuxuro`jt. rd`hgojb te gdr ljdds* Ot os ieuatfun tg`t

sgd weuni aea ot dvdj wdrd sgd te hemd te @mdroh` semd i`y. `s sgd

w`jts te ie* Gdr fd`turds `rd wdnn fermdi. tgd jesd adojb `nmest

`quonojd* Gdr dyds `rd n`rbd `ji arewj. b`zojb eut frem adjd`tg

sgdntdrojb gd`vy n`sgds* Ygdy `rd jet sn`jtojb. `t nd`st jet ej tgd

dx`bbdr`tdi `jbnd hemmej te Erodjt`ns* Gdr f`hd os ev`n. wotg seftny

reujidi hgoj* Xgd weuni ad hg`rmojb `jywgdrd. `ji kuibdi ay

Erodjt`n st`ji`ris os merd tg`j adùtofun*

Oj tgd d`rny geurs adferd i`wj ef Idhdmadr 0. 0?11. tgdy wdrd

m`rrodi* Xuhg pemp `ji spndjier `rd sdniem sddj `jywgdrd* Ygd

projhdss h`md te gdr nevdr h`rrodi evdr tgd ydnnew-s`jidi. j`rrew

strddts ef Sdlojb tgreubg tgd Brd`t D`st B`td ojte tgd Feraoiidj

Hoty* _dnnew n`jtdrjs fnohldrdi oj tgd i`rljdss `ji ` ydnnew meej

ej tgd w`jd pddrdi iewj wotg g`nf `j dyd `t tgd dxetoh prehddiojbs*

Frem `tep tgd ir`bej hgòr ef ydnnew sonl oj wgohg sgd reid ` Benidj

Sgedjox. symaen ef tgd Dmprdss ef Hgoj`. sprdì ots brd`t wojbs*

Xgd s`t adgoji ir`wj hurtòjs tg`t gdr f`hd mobgt ad vdondi idmurdny

frem tgd puanoh b`zd*

Ygorty-twe sturiy mdj h`rrodi gdr frem gdr f`tgdr"s geusd te tgd

Ompdro`n p`n`hd* Benidj s`ji `nejb tgd w`y. ydnnew sonl dvdrywgdrd

ydnnew os tgd rey`n purpnd ef Hgoj` `j dvdjt ef suhg m`bjofohdjhd

heuni t`ld pn`hd ejny oj `jhodjt Sdlojb* @ fdw anehls `w`y. tgd




ferdobj henejy stonn rdvdndi te tgd stròjs ef ` meidrj i`jhd erhgdstr`

oj easdrv`jhd ef tgd Xt* @jirdw"s a`nn*

Ygd m`rro`bd rotds tgdmsdnvds wdrd sompnd* Ygd Srojhdss `ji gdr

Aey Dmpdrer s`t soid ay soid ej tgd Ir`bej Adi. gd ej tgd ndft

`ji sgd ej tgd robgt* Ygdy dxhg`jbdi benidj hups hejtòjojb wojd

`ji podhds ef seft wgd`t ardì* Ygd rotu`n os symaenoh ef nejb nofd `ji

` andssojb ej pestdroty* Ygdor gejdymeej w`s spdjt oj tgd hejfojds

ef tgd Feraoiidj Hoty. tgd dxtdjt tgdj ef gos nest dmpord*

Gdjry Su-yo os tgd j`md gd teel `s ` rdsunt ef gos stuiy ef

Djbnosg gostery* Gd gì ` Arotosg tuter. `ji ejd i`y ej ompunsd

Gdjry idhrddi tg`t gos j`md sgeuni je nejbdr ad Gsu`j Y"ojb* Gd

teel tgd j`md ef Gdjry `ftdr ejd ef gos f`verotd Djbnosg lojbs* Gd

b`vd gos wofd tgd j`md ef Dnozàdtg `ji Gdjry `ji Dnozàdtg.

str`jbdny djeubg. rundi oj tgd Feraoiidj Hoty `s nejb `s tgd ndìdrs

ef tgd Qdpuanoh pdrmottdi*

Gdjry sddms te suot tgos ioffoidjt yeutg muhg adttdr tg`j gos

Ompdro`n j`md `ji totnd. Gd os ` sdroeus yeujb m`j. r`tgdr johd

neelojb. `nw`ys sgy wotg str`jbdrs< gd g`s gos gòr hut wdstdrj stynd.

arusgdi a`hl oj ` stoff pempìeur. `ji g`s `j òr ef `nw`ys strovojb

te ad dxtrdmdny frodjiny wotg dvdryejd Gdjry `ji gos aroid novdi

g`ppony fer jd`rny twe yd`rs adferd tgd t`jbndi sldoj ef tgdor quddr

novds hùbgt tgdm up `bòj `ji wgosldi tgdm eff ej jdw ìvdjourds*

Ot w`s oj tgd ùtumj e 0?19 tg`t M`rsg`n Fdjb _u-gso`jb. tgd

se-h`nndi Hgrosto`j Bdjdr`n. turjdi ej gos ewj hgodftòj `ji wotg

hg`r`htdrostoh bdsturd h`pturdi Sdlojb* Oj gos robereus pgonesepgy

tgdrd w`s je pn`hd fer dmpdrers ef `jy sert* Gomsdnf ` pd`s`jt punndi

up ay gos ewj aeetstr`ps. M`rsg`n Fdjb sdt eut te dnomoj`td tgd Aey

Dmpdrer `ji gos aroid ejhd `ji fer `nn Gdjry `ji Dnozàdtg fndi

ojte tgd K`p`jdsd Ndb`toej* Dvdj tgos `synum w`s jejd tee sdhurd*

Ygd K`p`jdsd. gewdvdr. ay tg`t tomd s`w oj Gdjry ` v`nuànd

p`wj fer tgdor ewj m`jduvdrojbs oj tgd penotoh`n ojtrobud oj tgd D`st*

Ygdy idhoidi te bdt gom eut ef Sdlojb.

Ygd sgoftojb ef tgd p`wj adb`j wgdj tgd K`p`jdsd sporotdi Gdjry

eut ef tgd Ndb`toej Pu`rtdr oj Sdlojb ej Fdaru`ry 19. 0?14. `ji

gurrodi gom adferd i`wj ej tgd reì te Yodjtsoj. Ot w`s i`rl wgdj

tgdy st`rtdi* Sdlojb sndpt* @ nobgt fnohldrdi `ji w`s bejd `s ` m`j

oj ujoferm sjuffdi gos tojy n`jtdrj `ji snoppdi hùtoeusny `hress tgd

tdrr`hd te ` wòtojb meter h`r* @nn rdìy. gd wgospdrdi oj K`p`-




jdsd* Ygd m`j `t tgd wgddn jeiidi* Ygd etgdr rdtr`hdi gos stdps

`ji. epdjojb tgd ieer wgdjhd gd gì hemd. speld oj new tejds te

semdejd ojsoid*

@ memdjt n`tdr ` breup ef tgrdd er feur fondi sondjtny eut `ji

fennewdi tgdor buoid te tgd m`hgojd* Ygreubg tgd b`tdw`y `ji iewj

tgd strddt. tgd h`r prehddidi snewny tgreubg tgd Ndb`toej Pu`rtdr. ej

tgreubg tgd an`hl jobgt wgohg sddms an`hldr kust adferd i`wj* Ygdy

b`tgdrdi spddi `s tgdy fndi oj tg`t d`rny merjojb senotuid. gurtnojb ej

tgreubg tgd Y`rt`r Hoty `ji. merd snewny jew. ej ujton tgd b`tds ef

Sdlojb wdrd rd`hgdi*

Ygdy gì je treuand tgdrd* Ygd b`tds epdjdi fer tgd i`y tgdy

`rd nehldi dvdry jobgt. dvdj jew `ji tgd m`hgojd fndi p`st `ji ej

te tgd epdj gobgw`y* @j ujdvdjtfun trop evdr semd dobgty monds ef

wrdthgdi reìs. `ji tgd Aey Dmpdrer gì `rrovdi `t Yodjtsoj `ji

s`fdty*

Ygd Aey Dmpdrer w`s bu`ridi hnesdny `ji gos nofd ldpt ` iddp

sdhrdt `t Yodjtsoj* Ot w`s dvdj semdwg`t prdsumptueus te ojsost tg`t

gd `htu`nny w`s tgdrd* Xemd ieuatdi ot. `ji gd w`s ` pg`jtem foburd

`ftdr gos mystdroeus fnobgt frem tgd eni h`pot`n Dvdj pdrsejs wge

wdrd novojb oj Yodjtsoj tgdj sddmdi jet te g`vd `jy hnd`r jetoej `s

te kust wgdrd gd w`s* @j @mdroh`j `rmy h`ptòj. jew a`hl oj tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds. wge gì addj ej iuty oj Yodjtsoj wotg tgd 04tg Oj-

f`jtry. rdprdsdjtdi tgd typoh`n ferdobjdrs" `ttotuid tew`ri Gdjry Su-yo*

@j @mdroh`j tr`jspert oj tgd Erodjt`n sdrvohd gì kust rd`hgdi

J`b`s`lo. oj seutgdrj K`p`j. `ji tgd effohdr w`s ejd ef twe oj hg`rbd

ef tgd sgerd-nd`vd w`thg* Xemd ef tgd mdj mobgt bdt nest oj J`b`-

s`lo* Ot os ` adbuonojb hoty. `ntgeubg jd`rny idsdrtdi jew `s f`r `s

ferdobjdrs `rd hejhdrjdi* O w`s tgdrd ej ` genoi`y `t tgd tomd*

@t tgd J`b`s`lo Hnua. dssdjto`nny Arotosg. wd wdrd budsts ef tgd

Tjotdi Xt`tds `rmy qu`rtdrm`stdr st`toejdi tgdrd* Ygd effohdrs wdrd

usojb tgi Hnua `s tgdor gdìqu`rtdrs*

Gew os tgd Aey Dmpdrer5 O `sldi*

Ygd h`ptòj gì gd`ri ef Gdjry* Gd w`s quotd surd tgd yeutg

w`s oj beei gd`ntg* Aut tgdj. jeaeiy dvdr s`w gom muhg* Gd irevd

àeut tgd hoty. tg`t os oj tgd ferdobj hejhdssoejs. aut tgd effohdr rd`nny

ioi jet ljew kust wg`t p`rt ef tewj tgd idpesdi rundr novdi oj*

Arotosg Hejhdssoej. gd tgeubgt* Aut `ftdr `nn. jeaeiy pòi muhg

`ttdjtoej te Gdjry*




Gd iedsj"t `meujt te muhg. tgd H`ptòj hemmdjtdi. `ji gd

`ppd`rdi aerdi wotg tgdsuakdht*

Rdnn. tgdrd w`s nottnd te s`y furtgdr àeut tg`t*

Gdjry

`t tgd

tomd. `t nd`st ej tgd emojeusny h`nm surf`hd ef tgojbs. ioi jet `ppd`r

te `meujt te muhg

Ygd lojb w`s idì. ot sddmdi* _dt vdry muhg

`novd. `s idvdnepmdjts sgewdi* Ygd K`p`jdsd w`jtdi gom fer gobg

shgdmds `ji gd w`s swdpt `nejb tew`ri gos str`jbd idstojy*

Ot w`s àeut tgos tomd tg`t ndìdrs oj tgd jdw rdbomd `t Sdlojb

idm`jidi Gdjry"s dxdhutoej `s ` mdj`hd te tgd jdw Xt`td* Ot sddmdi

str`jbd tg`t tgdy sgeuni fd`r tgos stuioeus yeutg `ji sdd oj gom `

pewdrfun djdmy< ydt tgdy m`y g`vd gì ojlnojbs ef tgd ird`ms ef tgd

mej`rhgosts wgohg hdjtdrdi `reuji gos fròn foburd* Ygd Qdpuanoh"s

er`ters idjeujhdi Gdjry `s ` shgdmdr `ji ` tròter `ji idm`jidi

gos surrdjidr* Gdjry. fer gos sm`nn p`rt. rdotdr`tdi tg`t gd jdvdr

w`jtdi te ad dmpdrer `bòj* Aut tgd rìoh`ns idhn`rdi tg`t gd w`s `j

ojbr`td `ji tg`t gd gì `ttdmptdi te `ssumd tgd tgrejd* Ot g`riny

sddmdi pnùsoand. tgos `vewdi fd`r ef gos petdjto`n pewdr* _dt gdrd os

tgd tdndbr`m horhun`tdi ay tgd Sdlojb bevdrjmdjt `t tgd tomd. oj tgd

sprojb ef 0?16;

RGDQD@X ST-_O. IOXX@YOXFODI ROYG YGD DXSDHO@NN_ NDJODJY

YQD@YMDJY MDYDI ETY YE GOM A_ YGD HGOJDXD BEVDQJMDJY. IOI

EJHD @YYDMSY YE QDXYEQD YGD OMSDQO@N QDBOMD @JI OX JER YQ_OJB

YE @YY@OJ GOX @OM @X OX XGERJ A_ GOX XDHQDY IDS@QYTQD FQEM

SDLOJB @JI A_ jos @XXTMSYOEJ EF YGD YOYND EF

"DMSDQEQ%@JI

OJ VODR EF @NN YGD DVOIDJHD YG@Y GD OX HEJXSOQOJB @B@OJXY

YGD DWOXYOJB QDBOMD.

YGDQDFEQD. YGD BEVDQJMDJY XGETNI Y@LD XYDSX FEQ YGD

OMMDIO@YD H@JHDNN@YOEJ EF GOX DXSDHO@NN_ F@VEQ@AND YQD@YMDJY

@JI. OJ EQIDQ YE JOS OMSDQO@NOXYOH OJYQOBTD OJ YGD ATI. IDM@JI

YGD XTQQDJIDQ EF YGD "DMSDQEQ" ROYG @ VODR YE GOX DWDHTYOEJ.

YEBDYGDQ ROYG YG@Y EF GOX FENNEROJB. EJ YGD HG@QBD EF GOBG

YQD@XEJ*

Ygdrd w`s semd trutg oj tgd hg`rbds oj tgd tdndbr`m* Ygd Aey

Dmpdrer. `s O g`vd sòi. w`s `htu`nny rdturjdi te tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd

oj 0?02. aut ejny fer tgrdd i`ys* @ji gd gì jetgojb te ie wotg tg`t

Furtgdrmerd. gd `htu`nny os h`nndi Dmpdrer. `s oj tgos `rtohnd* Ot

os ieuatfun. gewdvdr. tg`t gd tgojls ef gomsdnf oj tg`t w`y* Ot mdrdny




os ` tdrm. r`tgdr tg`j ` totnd. wgohg prdsdjts otsdnf mest rdìony wgdj

idshroaojb gom. aut etgdrwosd os md`jojbndss*

Md`jwgond. tgd K`p`jdsd gdni gom pr`htoh`nny ojhemmujohìe*O

trodi te sdd gom oj Yodjtsoj oj tgd summdr ef 0?17* @ sdhrdt`ry `t tgd

eni rdi arohl. wdstdrj-stynd geusd oj wgohg gd w`s novojb ojsostdi

penotdny aut formny tg`t ot w`s jet pessoand* Gdjry novdi ` sdhnuidi

nofd. pretdhtdi kd`neusny frem `nn eutsoidrs ay gos jdw m`stdrs*

Ygd yd`rs ir`bbdi ej wgond Gdjry `ji Dnozàdtg auont òr-h`stnds

ay tgd sd` `ji gepdi fer ` hg`jhd te be àreì* Ygdor mejdy

iwojindi* Bofts frem ney`n M`jhgus `ji etgdrs ejhd`ffnudjt `t tgd

pempeus heurt ef `jhodjt H`tg`y wdrd f`r sm`nndr `ji ndss frdqudjt*

Ygd heurtodrs tgdmsdnvds feuji tgd jdw eridr g`ri `ji f`hdi pdrsej`n

prov`toej* Oj tgd dji. tgdsd bofts pr`htoh`nny hd`sdi `ji Gdjry w`s

`nn aut idpdjidjt ej `j `nodj gest wgdj mevdi te M`jhguro`* Ygd

bont werd eff gos h`bd wotg tgd p`ssojb yd`rs*

Ygd K`p`jdsd aoidi tgdor tomd* Xemd fdnt tg`t Gdjry w`s ad-

hemojb tee muhg ef ` auridj* Ygdy hejtojudi. jdvdrtgdndss. te genigom prosejdr* Ygdy trd`tdi gom wdnn. aut tgdor rdspdht fer gom daadi

r`poiny* Ygd Erodjt`n spots ej ` f`nndj oien* Ygdy rdmòjdi herio`n

aut jet tee penotd te tgdor f`nndj Ompdro`n gest`bd*

@ fdw yd`rs `be. fer dx`mpnd. Gdjry ndt ot ad ljewj tg`t gd oj-

tdjidi te vosot K`p`j* Jetohd w`s premptny bovdj tg`t gd weuni ad

rdhdovdi ejny `s `j erioj`ry hotozdj. `ji tg`t gd weuni g`vd te step `t

getdns wgdrdvdr gd wdjt* Gdjry gì dxpdhtdi adttdr trd`tmdjt wotg`t nd`st semd prdtdjsd oj K`p`j tg`t gd w`s ` pdrsej ef rey`n nojd`bd*

Er of gd pdrsej`nny ioi jet fddn se strejbny ej tgd peojt. pdrsejs hnesd

te gom ioi* Yelye. gewdvdr. w`s `t pd`hd wotg tgd jdw Sdopojb

rdbomd `ji Gdjry h`jhdnndi tgd trop*

Hovon w`r sworndi `reuji àeut gom oj tgd n`st fdw yd`rs wgond gd

neeldi ej. gdnpndss. `s usu`n* Hgojdsd w`r neris. mdj ef tgd r`hd gd

`ji gos M`jhgu `jhdsters gì rundi. terd `t d`hg etgdr"s tgre`ts*

Ygdor `rmods a`ttndi up `ji iewj Hgoj`* Ygdsd mdj. semd ef tgdm

p`troetoh oj ` sdjsd aut tgd m`keroty ef tgdm eut fer neet `ji bnery.

`rd tgd s`jbuojd `ftdrm`tg ef tgd bdjdr`toej tg`t evdrtgrdw tgd Ir`bej

Ygrejd* Ygdy iosruptdi ` ferm ef bevdrjmdjt `ji sdjt tgd Aey

Dmpdrer0 "

shuttnojb fer hevdr* Ygdy h`md ojte pewdr adferd tgdy gì

` m`j er ` systdm suffohodjtny strejb te rdpn`hd tgd Xej ef Gd`vdj




`j ojf`jt. ydt ` symaen. dvdj ` rdnoboej tg`t gdni tgd v`st. neesdny

ljot Hdndsto`n Dmpord tebdtgdr wotg semd sdman`jhd ef ujoty*

Gdjryfndi fer gos nofd* Ygd

K`p`jdsds`vdi

gom.gdni gom ujton

tgdy wdrd rdìy. `ji jew g`vd pn`hdi gom `t tgd gdì ef tgd jdw

st`td oj M`jhguro` wgohg Yelye hejtrens* @ji jet ejhd oj tgdsd

`m`zojb yd`rs g`s Gdjry gì ` weri te s`y àeut ot*

Rg`t ef tgd futurd5 Ygd `jhodjt bnery ef Sdopojb f`nns r`poiny

ojte idh`y* Ygd austnojb hemmdrho`n pert ef Xg`jbgò nods w`stdi ay

w`r* Hgoj` os ` a`jlrupt j`toej oj merd w`ys tg`j ejd* Ygd f`htoejs

g`ntdi oj tgdor

mì hnuthgojbfer

pewdr nejb djeubgte

prdsdjt` sdmo-

ujotdi frejt tew`ri tgd K`p`jdsd `t Xg`jbgò aut tgdor aottdr djmotods

stonn smeunidr. rdìy `s tgos os wrottdj te aurst `bòj ojte fn`md `ji

sdt Hgojdsd `rmods ejhd merd ej tgd m`rhg*

Ygd Hgojdsd pdepnds `rd torojb ef tgd ojdffdhtu`n `ttdmpts yd`r `ftdr

yd`r te ad rundi ay Rdstdrj hovonoz`toej"s hejhdptoej ef dqu`noty `ji `

rdpuanoh`j ferm ef bevdrjmdjt* Ygdy `rd adbojjojb te fddn tg`t ot os

nold

m`jy etgdr jevdntods ojvdjtdi aytgd

ferdobj a`ra`ro`js eutsoid

tgd Brd`t R`nn* Jejd h`j ferdtdnn wg`t tgdy wonn ie. tgdsd Hgojdsd*

Jdvdrtgdndss. ot os `s hdrtòj `s Losmdt tg`t tgdy `rd beojb te sdttnd

tgos ausojdss ejd w`y er `jetgdr ejd i`y*

Ygd Hgojdsd wòt ` nejb tomd* Ygdy suffdr ujteni mosdrods* Aut

oj tgd dji tgdy usu`nny sdp`r`td tgd wgd`t frem tgd hg`ff r`tgdr wdnn*

Ygd Hgojdsd. p`hofoh pdepnds rd`nny. w`jt pd`hd* Ygdy gì hdjturods

ef pd`hd ujton tgd rdvenutoej ef 0?00 evdrtgrdw tgd M`jhgus* @jitg`t os ` tgeubgt wgohg hemds te tgd heujtndss monnoejs jew hrusgdi

ujidr tgd pòjfun `ji hestny gddn ef monot`rosm*

Ygd K`p`jdsd sdozdi ìv`jt`bd ef tgosrosojb toid ef g`trdi fer

tgd w`r neri typd ef rundr ef Hgoj`* Ygd mevd oj M`jhguro` w`s aut

tgd ferdrujjdr ef ` brd`tdr pn`j* K`p`j g`s puppdts oj drstwgond pep-

un`r f`htoejs `mejb tgd Hgojdsd te auoni ` stànd bevdrjmdjt ejhd merd

adnew tgd Brd`t R`nn ef Hgoj`* Ygd mej`rhgosts `nse `rd `htovd `bòj*

Ygdy `ji tgd K`p`jdsd. v`bud rumers ef ojtrobud rdn`td. m`y keoj

ferhds te pn`hd Gdjry Su-yo ejhd merd ej tgd Ir`bej Ygrejd oj

Sdopojb* Yum-t`-t`-tum-tum. tum-t`-t`-tum ad`t tgd irums ef gos

huroeus idstojy* _dt jejd jew h`j `jswdr tgd qudry ;

Ronn tgd twostdi ompunsds ef tgd D`st rdsterd tgd Aey Dmpdrer

te gos Sdlojb tgrejd `s ` m`j5



18 YGD QE@I @GD@I

YGDsturiy nottnd mdj ef K`p`j. sojhd tgdor hemp`r`tovdny d`sy

sdozurd ef M`jhguro` oj 0?80-81. prehddidi wotg dvdr ojhrd`sojb

spddi `ji `m`zojb suhhdss tew`ri `hgodvojb tgdor `bd-eni `m-

aotoej te hejqudr `ji mòjtòj hempndtd hejtren evdr `nn Hgoj`* Ygd

h`mpòbj w`s pn`jjdi oj Yelye fer yd`rs*

Ygdrd w`s jetgojb jdw. tgdj. wgdj tgd sdheji ujidhn`rdi w`r

oj tgd Xg`jbgò `rd` areld eut oj tgd summdr ef 0?82. `ji K`p`j

mevdi oj*

Ygd ejny tgojb rd`nny ujdxpdhtdiw`s tgd `htu`n i`td

fer tgd Hgojdsd ndìdrs `t J`jlojb `ji dnsdwgdrd gì nejb dxpdhtdi

tgd K`p`jdsd te `tt`hl oj tgdor jdxt mevd ef `bbrdssoej ej tgd hej-

tojdjt ef @so`* Jejd. ef heursd. ljdw kust wgdj er wgdrd tgd `tt`hl

weuni ehhur* Jer ioi tgd K`p`jdsd tgdmsdnvds ljew tgdsd spdhofoh

idtòns wgond tgdy wdrd pn`yojb tgdor wony wòtojb b`md* O must. gew-

dvdr. br`jt oj `nn fòrjdss. tg`t tgd `maotoej ef tgd K`p`jdsd os ejny

gum`j tee gum`j* @imottdi. tgd idtòns ef tgdor `rmdi `htoej `rd

tee eftdj

merd ojgum`j `ji gerroand tg`j etgdrwosd aut `rmdi mdjhemmot dxhdssds ej `jy p`rt ef tgos bnead"s surf`hd. `ji tgd K`p`jdsd

`rd je dxhdptoej* @ m`j oj a`ttnd os notdr`nny mì rdb`rindss ef r`hd*

J`tur`nny. O ie jet hejtdji tg`t tgd ujidhn`rdi w`r os fòr te

Hgoj`* Oj f`ht. dvdr sojhd O forst sdt feet ej Hgojdsd seon merd tg`j

` idhìd `be O g`vd addj hejsoidrdi pre-Hgojdsd* O `m g`riny tg`t.

dotgdr* O `m pre- jetgojb* O pndì buonty ejny te adojb ` rd`nost*

Frem tgos purdny eakdhtovd peojt ef vodw. O must ìmot tg`t tgd

Hgojdsd tgdmsdnvds `rd n`rbdnyte

an`md fer tgdor ewj pnobgt* Ygdysompny h`jjet sddm te adhemd ujotdi `ji st`y tg`t w`y* @t tgd

memdjt. yds. tgdy `rd ujotdi* Aut ejny `bòjst ` hemmej fed. K`p`j.

tgd idsposdi nottnd osn`ji jdobgaer eff tgdor nejb `ji rohg he`stnojd

tgdrd oj tgd S`hofoh* Ygdy fobgt sgeunidr-te-sgeunidr `bòjst tgos oj-

vìdr. wge mews iewj tgd stuaaerj seniodrs ef Frdd Hgoj` `ji

g`s sdt up ` puppdt rdbomd hejtrenndi frem Yelye* Ygos rdbomd weuni.

126



YGD QE@I @GD@I 122

tgd K`p`jdsd ojsost. djferhd pd`hd oj tgd Erodjt. wotg K`p`j `s hgodf-

ef-penohd*

Aut ndt K`p`j ad idfd`tdi. ndt K`p`j fer `jy rd`sej ej d`rtg wotg-

ir`w gdr pdrsostdjt `ji f`j`toh seniodry frem Hgoj`. `ji tgd Hgojdsd

oj ndss tomd tg`j ot t`lds te bdt tgos ojte projt.wonn ad `t d`hg etgdr"s

tgre`ts `bòj wotg `j dvdj merd aottdr vdjbd`jhd tg`j tgdy g`vd

feubgt tgd treeps frem Iò Joppej. My Hgojdsd frodjis `ji tgdy

`rd ndboej gdrd `ji àreì wonn s`y tg`t oj tgos vodw O `m ujfòr.

ao`sdi. pessoany dvdj pre-K`p`jdsd* Rgdj ejd os jet djtordny ej ejd

soid er tgd etgdr. gd os noldny te foji gomsdnf suiidjny rdb`ridi `s

pre- tgd etgdr soid oj `jy hùsd. penotohs er w`r. nevd er g`td yeu

j`md ot ! O sompny st`td `bòj tg`t O `m ` frodji ef Hgoj`. sddojb gdr

fùnts `s wdnn `s gdr vortuds*

O mysdnf w`jt Hgoj` te ad ujotdi* O w`jt. fer tg`t m`ttdr. tgd

wgend ef eur ujsdttndi werni te ad ujotdi aut `s nejb `s gum`j

j`turd os hejstotutdi `s ot os. gd`vdj gdnp us of wd iej"t g`vd penohd oj

eur hotods te hgdhl hromd. `ji seniodrs ej `nn frejtodrs te `vdrt oj-

v`soej*

Ygd sdheji ujidhn`rdi w`r ej tgd Xg`jbgò frejt adb`j @ubust

?. 0?82* Ygd K`p`jdsd wdrd jet neelojb fer ot `t tg`t memdjt. aut

tgdy wdrd rdìy* Rg`t K`p`j w`jtdi mest `t tg`t tomd w`s pd`hd

adnew tgd _dnnew Qovdr. oj Jertg-Hdjtr`n Hgoj`. te pdrmot gdr te bdt

ej wotg gdr prebr`m ef sdttojb up ydt `jetgdr ojidpdjidjt `ji

ùtejemeus st`td oj tgd fovd prevojhds dxtdjiojb adnew tgd Brd`t

R`nn Xg`jtujb. Gepdo. Xg`jso. Xuoyu`j `ji Hg`g`r* Aut `jetgdr

ojhoidjt ehhurrdi oj tgd Xg`jbgò `rd` `ji tgd sdheji a`ttnd ef

Xg`jbgò. tgd sgewiewj. w`s ujidr w`y* Ygd forst Xg`jbgò w`r w`s

wej ay K`p`j `ji sdttndi ay ` truhd oj 0?81. wgdj tgd Jojdtddjtg

Qeutd @rmy w`s foj`nny reutdi ay tgd K`p`jdsd `ji fndi seutg* Oj-

hoidjt`nny. tgdsd ar`vd Hgojdsd fobgtdrs wge wdrd gòndi fer ` tomd `s

tgd s`voers ef Xg`jbgò. ` yd`r n`tdr wdrd tgdmsdnvds tgrd`tdjojb

te st`rt ` hovon w`r `bòjst tgd Hdjtr`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb* Ejny

gurrodi hejfdrdjhds `ji preaàny tgd usd ef sonvdr aunndts 'mejdy/.

`s os hustem`ry tgdrd. prdvdjtdi tg`t nottnd aretgdrny qu`rrdn frem ad-

hemojb hrotoh`n wotgoj Hgoj`"s v`st iemòj*

K`p`j sddms jew te g`vd bejd f`r tew`ri pdrm`jdjtny `hgodvojb

gdr be`n tgd hejtren ef `nn Hgoj`. wotg tgd idstruhtoej ef Bdjdr`nossome

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. feujidr ef tgd Hdjtr`n Bevdrjmdjt `t J`jlojb oj




0?12* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb w`s `nn `nejb fer hejhono`toej. je m`ttdr gew

f`r Yelye wdjt oj gdr idm`jis. `ji tgdrdferd w`s idjeujhdi `s `

spojdndss puppdt ef Yelye. ` tròter te gos trust `s ndìdr ef tgd Jdw

Hgoj`*

Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb mdrdny ljdw tg`t Hgoj` heuni jet fobgt ` wojjojb

fobgt `bòjst tgd adttdr dquoppdi `ji adttdr tròjdi K`p`jdsd treeps ej

n`ji `ji sd` `ji oj tgd òr* Ygd Bdjdr`n f`verdi ndttojb tgdm t`ld

tgd fovd jertgdrj prevojhds. nd`vojb J`jlojb `ji Xg`jbgò ujteuhgdi*

O adnodvd gd fdnt tg`t oj ` hemp`r`tovdny fdw yd`rs tgdrd mobgt ad `

hg`jhd te st`rt ` rdvenutoej oj tgd jertg `bòjst tgd K`p`jdsd `ji woj

a`hl Hgoj`"s nest tdrroterods* Aut gos getgdìdi ujidrnojbs w`jtdi te

fobgt*

Ygd K`p`jdsd `hhemmei`tdi tgdm `ji tgd rdsunt w`s `s tgd

Bdjdr`n prdiohtdi. gd`vy nessds fer Hgoj`* K`p`j hressdi m`jy

ferdobj ojtdrdsts oj Xg`jbgò `ji dnsdwgdrd* @s ` rdsunt. tgd K`p`jdsd

`rd jet pepun`r jew* Ygdy `rd tgd adtd jeor ef tgd prdsdjt*

Ndt md m`ld ejd prdiohtoej; O ie jet tgojl tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds.

er `jy etgdr pewdr ej d`rtg os beojb te be te w`r te step K`p`j

oj gdr m`rhg ej tgd Hgojdsd. `t gemd er `jywgdrd dnsd* Ygdrd wonn

ad aeyhetts `ji merd aeyhetts. yds* Ygdrd wonn ad gobg ojiobj`toej.

onn-fddnojb.sdjtomdjt`n uprosojbs ef `j eutr`bdi Rdstdrj werni gdrd

`ji tgdrd* Aut Tjhnd X`m os jet beojb te sdji yeujb mdj ojte tgd

F`r D`st te iod fer tgd tdmper`ry pretdhtoej ef eur hemmdrho`n

ojtdrdsts eut tgdrd*

Ef heursd. Qemd `ji Adrnoj wdrd oj symp`tgy wotg Yelye frem

tgd adbojjojb oj tgd Xdheji R`r* Ygdy rdb`ridi K`p`j `s tgd

strejbgeni oj tgd F`r D`st ef tgd tdjdts ef F`shosm ` aunw`rl

`bòjst Hemmujosm oj tgd Erodjt. `s tgdy tgdmsdnvds `rd oj Durepd*

Ygd Hgojdsd. tgdj. gì ` nest hùsd `s f`r `s werni `htoej w`s hej-

hdrjdi* Ygd Nd`bud ef J`toejs w`s ompetdjt* Ot nestprdstobd oj

tgd Ot`no`j hejqudst ef Dtgoepo`. adferd tg`t. wgdj K`p`j `jjdxdi

M`jhguro`* Oj f`ht. ot w`s tgd Nd`bud"s fònurd te a`hl up Hgoj`

tgdj tg`t b`vd Srdmodr Mussenojo muhg ef gosfddnojb ef

sdhuroty wgdj

gd idhoidi te `hquord Dtgoepo`*

Rerni sdjtomdjt os `jetgdr stery* Oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds. fer dx-

`mpnd. sdjtomdjt w`s `nn fer tgd Hgojdsd* Xdjtomdjt oj @mdroh` os

erioj`rony fer tgd ujidr-ieb. `ji ot w`s dvdj merd se tg`j usu`n oj

tgd K`p`j-Hgoj` w`r* Aut werni `htoej jon*



YGD QE@I @GD@I 12?

K`p`j w`s vdry serry fer stdppojb ej ferdobj teds. ojhnuiojb

Tjhnd X`m"s. `reuji Xg`jbgò* Aut jetgojb w`s iejd. `soid frem

K`p`j"sp`yojb

` sm`nn ojidmjoty fer ferdobjdrs lonndi oj tgd w`r zejd*

K`p`j adb`j gdr nejb-hejhdovdi prebr`m ef `bbrdssoej `t tgd

dxpdjsd ef Hgoj` tew`ri tgd dji ef tgd n`st hdjtury* Ygd forst w`r

adtwddj K`p`j `ji Hgoj` ehhurrdi oj 07?9-?4* K`p`j teel evdr tgd

osn`ji ef Fermes` 'h`nndi Yòw`j. oj K`p`jdsd. jew/* Ot os ` sdmo-

trepoh`n osnd adnew K`p`j. tew`ri tgd Sgonoppojds `ji w`s ojgàotdi

n`rbdny ay s`v`bd gdìgujtdrs oj tgd ojtdroer* Ygdj Yelye ferhdi

tgd Hgojdsd te m`ld Lerd` ` tdmper`rony ùtejemeus j`toej wgohg

K`p`j teel evdr tdj yd`rs er se n`tdr. j`mojb ` K`p`jdsd bevdrjer-

bdjdr`n `t tgd Lerd`j h`pot`n ef Xdeun* Ygd jdxt stdp w`s tgd Qusse-

K`p`jdsd R`r ef 0?39-34. wgohg K`p`j `nse wej `bòj preaàny ay

tgd n`vosg usd ef sonvdr aunndts `mejb tgd Qusso`j treeps ef tgd eni

Hz`rost rdbomd. fobgtojb ej tgd M`jhguro`j pnòjs f`r frem Enb` `ji

gemd* K`p`j sdozdi hejtren ef Xeutg M`jhguro` `ji teel ots Qònw`y

[ejd jertg `s f`r `s tgd g`nfw`y m`rl `t Hg`jb-hgujb. jew ljewj

`s Gsojlojb. `ji mìd h`pot`n ef M`jhgulue oj 0?81*

Ydj yd`rs `ftdr tg`t Qusse-K`p`jdsd R`r djidi. wgond tgd werni

w`s ausy wotg tgd Brd`t R`r oj Durepd. Yelye mìd gdr jew

jeteroeus Ywdjty-ejd Idm`jis ej ` supojd Hgoj`. pewdrndss te rdsost*

Ygd idm`jis"" wdrd ioshevdrdi ay `j `ndrt Tjotdi Xt`tds prdss sdrvohd

herrdspejidjt oj Sdlojb. Frdidrohl Meerd* Gd b`vd tgdor tdxt te tgd

`steujidi werni* Ygd upre`r w`s se tdrrofoh dvdj iurojb tgd Durepd`j

w`r tg`t K`p`j a`hldi iewj `ji aoidi gdr tomd*

Xgd dvdj sobjdi tgd Jojd-Sewdr Yrd`ty oj 0?10-11 `t tgd R`sg-

ojbtej Hejfdrdjhd h`nndi ay Hg`rnds Dv`js Gubgds. tgdj Xdhrdt`ry ef

Xt`td* Ygd p`ht bu`r`jtddi tgd tdrrotero`n ojtdbroty ef Hgoj` `ji

tgd f`meus Epdj Ieer penohy ef dqu`n dhejemoh eppertujoty tgdrd*

K`p`j wotgirdw gdr ferhds frem Xg`jtujb Srevojhd. ehhupodi `s gdr

speons ef w`r wgdj sgd stdppdi ojte tgd Bdrm`j-hejtrenndi pert ef

Ysojbtè* Aut jet fer nejb* K`p`j wdjt a`hl ojte Xg`jtujb `bòj

wgdj tgd Luemojt`jb Qdvenutoej ndi ay Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-

sgdl `ji ojspordi ay tgd n`td Ir* Xuj _`t-sdj. swdpt jertg `hress

Hgoj` frem H`jtej oj 0?12-17* Bdjdr`n Hgo`jb ejhd teni md tg`t

K`p`j"s ehhup`toej oj 0?12 ef Ysoj`j-fu. h`pot`n ef Xg`jtujb Srevojhd.

gì gdni a`hl tgd Hgojdsd rdvenutoej`ry `rmods `ji idn`ydi tgdor

h`pturd ef Sdlojb fer ` yd`r* Ygd K`p`jdsd suasdqudjtny wotgirdw




`bòj aut oj tgd prdsdjt w`r te ` fojosg sgd rdjdwdi gdr h`mpòbj oj

Xg`jtujb. dspdho`nny `t Ysojbtè `ji Ysoj`j-fu*

Aut Hgoj` gdrsdnf. `ftdr tgd Luemojt`jb 'Sdepnd"s S`rty/ Qdvenu-

toej gì h`pturdi Sdlojb frem tgd jertgdrj w`r neris. w`s seej

iovoidi `mejb gdr ewj f`htoejs `bòj. `s `nw`ys* Ygdrd wdrd rd-

hurrdjt ojsurrdhtoejs wotgoj tgd S`rty. adbojjojb wotg tgd Rug`j

Qdadnnoej up tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr sgertny `ftdr tgd f`nn ef Sdlojb oj 0?17*

Ygd rdvent w`s qudnndi. ejny fer J`jlojb te foji etgdr f`htoejs

sprojbojb up `ji t`lojb `rms `bòjst tgd jdwny fermdi Hdjtr`n

Bevdrjmdjt tgdrd* Ygd Hgojdsd Hemmujosts hejtojudi ` tgerj oj

tgd soid ef Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl. `s wdnn. dvdj te tgd prdsdjt* Tjoty w`s

f`r frem `hgodvdi*

Ygd K`p`jdsd teel hebjoz`jhd ef tgos `ji ef tgd werni dhejemoh

idprdssoej sprdìojb `mejb tgd wdstdrj j`toejs `ji oj tgd f`nn ef

0?80 adb`j tgd sdozurd ef M`jhguro`* Xgd rdsterdi tgd Aey Dm-

pdrer te tgd tgrejd ef gos `jhdsters `t Gsojlojb oj tgd Xprojb ef

0?81. `ji hrewjdi gom Dmpdrer L`jb-Ydg tgdrd ej M`rhg 0. 0?89*

Ygdj. ej ejd prdtdxt er `jetgdr. sgd mevdi ojte Kdgen Srevojhd. jertg

ef tgd Brd`t R`nn* Ygd hejqudst tgdrd w`s dqu`nny sompnd. wotg nottnd

er je eppesotoej ay tgd Hgojdsd* Kdgen w`s ìidi te M`jhgulue `s

`jetgdr prevojhd oj tg`t jdw auffdr Xt`td*

K`p`j"s jdxt mevd w`s te sdt up tgd Gepdo-Hg`g`r ùtejemeus

rdbomd oj tgdsd twe prevojhds evdrn`ppojb tgd Brd`t R`nn ojte Ojjdr

Mejbeno`. oj 0?84* Ygos `rd` w`s idmonot`rozdi. Hgoj` lddpojb ` se-

h`nndi Sd`hd Srdsdrv`toej Herps ef seniodr-penohd oj tgd vohojoty< `ji

K`p`j gì tgd m`lojbs ef ydt `jetgdr ojidpdjidjt Xt`td oj Jertg

Hgoj` ìk`hdjt te gdr puppdt st`td ef M`jhgulue. ` auffdr `bòjst

pessoand `tt`hl frem Xevodt Qusso`* K`p`j fd`rdi Meshew merd tg`j

tgd Hgojdsd. `ji ieds jew*

Ygd Yelye h`mpòbj oj 0?84 `ji ujton tgd st`rt effobgtojb

jd`r

Sdopojb- te usd tgd rdvosdi spdnnojb ef tgd `jhodjt h`pot`n w`s mìd

te bdt hejtren ef `j ùtejemeus Xt`td hempesdi ef tgd fovd prevojhds

iewj te tgd _dnnew Qovdr* @j ojhoidjt w`s tgd ommdio`td hùsd

ef tgd eutard`l effobgtojb* Hùsojb ojhoidjts g`s addj ejd ef

K`p`j"s mest frdqudjt mdtgeis ef prevoiojb ` prdtdxt fer w`rf`rd oj

@so`* Ygd ojhoidjt ehhurrdi ej Kuny 2. 0?82. iurojb `ji `ftdr jobgt

m`jduvdrs ay K`p`jdsd treeps oj tgd idmonot`rozdi zejd oj Gepdo*

Ygdy hn`sgdi wotg Hgojdsd oj tgd Sd`hd Srdsdrv`toej Herps oj tgd



YGD QE@I @GD@I 170

vohojoty ef tgd M`rhe Sene Aroibd àeut jojd monds eutsoid tgd w`nns

ef Sdopojb `ji tgd w`r w`s ej. tgeubg jet idhn`rdi*

K`p`j w`jtdi te lddp tgd fobgtojb neh`nozdi oj Jertg Hgoj` `ji

`hgodvd gdr jdw ojidpdjidjt Xt`td tgdrd aut `jetgdr tgos tomd O

adnodvd ujdxpdhtdi ojhoidjt ehhurrdi oj tgd Xg`jbgò zejd àeut

` mejtg n`tdr. `ji tgd sdheji A`ttnd ef Xg`jbgò adb`j @ubust ?.

0?82* @ K`p`jdsd j`v`n effohdr oj tgdor _`jbtzd S`tren ndi ` n`jiojb

p`rty jd`r tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt. estdjsoany sd`rhgojb fer `

mossojb K`p`jdsd* Ygd n`jiojb p`rty trodi te ferhd `j djtr`jhd ojte

Gujbkè Monot`ry @oriremd eutsoid Xg`jbgò* @ hn`sg ehhurrdi wotg

Hgojdsd idfdjsd treeps tgdrd. tgd effohdr ef K`p`j w`s lonndi. `ji etgdr

treeps weujidi* @ji tgd sdheji Xg`jbgò w`r adb`j*

Ygd fobgtojb oj Jertg Hgoj` oj tgd Sdopojb-Yodjtsoj `rd` w`s seej

evdrsgìewdi ay tgd Xg`jbgò w`rf`rd* Ferdobjdrs. ojhnuiojb guj-

irdis ef @mdroh`j wemdj `ji hgonirdj. wdrd dv`hu`tdi frem Xg`jbgò*

Xemd wdrd lonndi. m`jy suffdrdi weujis oj tgd òr ròis `ji aema`ri-

mdjts ay aetg soids `t tgd st`rt ef tgd hn`sg* Ygd @mdroh`j std`msgop

Srdsoidjt Geevdr w`s aema`ridi. aut jet aìny i`m`bdi. oj tgd

fobgtojb* 'Xgd n`tdr wdjt ej tgd rehls eff Fermes`. wgdj @mdroh`j

mdrh`jtond sgoppojb adb`j ` venujt`ry aeyhett ef Xg`jbgò `s ` pert

ef h`nn iurojb tgd gdobgt ef tgd fobgtojb. `ji w`s peujidi te podhds*

Gdr p`ssdjbdrs `ji hrdw wdrd s`vdi*/ Ygd K`p`jdsd rusgdi rdoj-

ferhdmdjts te tgdor j`v`n `ji `rmy ferhds `nrdìy `t Xg`jbgò* @ftdr

wddls ef sdvdrd `rtonndry aema`rimdjt `ji òr `tt`hls ej tgd hoty.

ojhnuiojb tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt `ji tgd Frdjhg Hejhdssoej. tgd

Hgojdsd treeps wotgirdw* Xg`jbgò w`s ` prozd ef w`r fer tgd K`p`-

jdsd gdr brd`tdst vohtery oj tgd bdjdr`toej-eni h`mpòbj oj Hgoj`*

Ygd K`p`jdsd ommdio`tdny m`rhgdi wdstw`ri up tgd _`jbtzd Qovdr

tew`ri J`jlojb `ji. `ftdr nottnd er je eppesotoej `t Xeehgew ej tgd

w`y. h`pturdi tgd H`pot`n* Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl fndi oj `j

òrpn`jd wotg gos wofd. tgd fermdr Mdo-nojb Xeejb adùtofun `ji mest

ojfnudjto`n wem`j oj Hgoj`* Ygd Bevdrjmdjt wgohg Hgo`jb gì

fermdi oj @pron ef 0?12 gì `nrdìy dv`hu`tdi J`jlojb. sh`ttdrojb te

tgd wdst* @ fodni-gdìqu`rtdrs typd ef w`rtomd Bevdrjmdjt w`s sdt

up tdmper`rony `t G`jlew. 633 monds up tgd _`jbtzd oj tgd ojtdroer ef

Hgoj` wotg tgd merd pdrm`jdjt h`pot`n dstànosgdi `t Hgujblojb.

oj Xzdhgu`j Srevojhd. ej tgd aeridr ef Yoadt*

K`p`j hejtojudi gdr rutgndss h`mpòbj te suakub`td `nn Hgoj`*




Yreeps sdozdi H`jtej f`r te tgd seutg* Oj Xg`jtujb. tgdy h`pturdi

Ysojbtè. hgodf pert ef tgdor eni strejbgeni tgdrd. `ji Ysoj`j-fu. tgd

h`pot`n* @ meppojb-up irovd fennewdi. wotg G`jlew ejd m`ker

eakdhtovd* Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds Dma`ssy `t J`jlojb. gdìdi ay @ma`s-

sìer Jdnsej Y* Kegjsej. mevdi te G`jlew `ji tgdj te Hgujblojb

wotg tgd Hdjtr`n Bevdrjmdjt.

Oj Xg`jbgò. fobgtojb hd`sdi `ji tgd hoty adb`j te neel te rdpòrojb

tgd ojhrdioand i`m`bd iejd ay wddls ef `rtonndry `ji `dro`n aema`ri-

mdjts* Ygd ness ef novds `ji prepdrty w`s trdmdjieus*

Ygd ieem ef tgd wgotd m`j `s ` nottnd toj bei oj tgd F`r D`st

w`s seujidi ay tgd K`p`jdsd `htoej oj Hgoj`* Ygd prdstobd ef tgd

mdj frem tgd Ehhoidjt`n werni gì nejb addj fìojb* Ygd vohtery ef

K`p`j oj `ji `reuji Xg`jbgò w`s tgd fojosgojb teuhg ` jdw mond-

stejd oj tgdor ìv`jhd upej tgd nejb-seubgt eakdhtovd; @so` fer tgd

@so`tohs! @t tgd gdobgt ef tgd Xg`jbgò hejfnoht ejd Bevdrjmdjt

mdmadr oj Yelye veohdi tgd bdjdr`n fddnojb `mejb ndìdrs ef Iò

Joppej* Gd w`s tgd Gemd Mojostdr. @imor`n Jeaum`s` Xuydtsubu*

Gd fr`jlny `ssdrtdi oj ` puanoh st`tdmdjt oj tgd prdss ef K`p`j tg`t

tgd wgotd r`hds sgeuni jet h`rry ej trìd oj tgd Erodjt a`sdi sendny

ej tgdor ewj sdnf-ojtdrdst* Gd ojsostdi tg`t werni pd`hd idpdjidi

upej wg`t gd h`nndi tgd noadr`toej ef tgd henerdi r`hds ef tgd d`rtg

frem wgotd suprdm`hy*

Oj Xg`jbgò. ejd ef tgd forst pr`htoh`n `ppnoh`toejs ef tgos `ttdmpt

te drìoh`td tgd wgotd m`j"s ojfnudjhd oj tgd Erodjt w`s tgd ommdio`td

idm`ji tg`t K`p`j ad br`jtdi hejtren ef tgd Mujohop`n Heujhon runojb

tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt tgdrd* Ygd Heujhon gì addj hejtrenndi

sojhd ots ojhdptoej oj tgd p`st hdjtury. ay tgd Arotosg wotg @mdroh`j

`ji K`p`jdsd mdmadrs< `ji. oj tgd n`st idhìd. wotg Hgojdsd `t n`st

ìmottdi te sot `s rdbun`r vetojb mdmadrs ef tgos aeiy* Ygd K`p`jdsd

mòjtòjdi. oj prdssojb tgdsd idm`jis. tg`t`pp`rdjtny tgd Heujhon

dotgdr w`s jet sdroeus oj ots idsord te pretdht K`p`jdsd novds `ji

prepdrty wotgoj tgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt frem `hts ef eutr`bd

ay tgd Hgojdsd. w`s ujànd te bovd ìdqu`td pretdhtoej te tgd K`p`jdsd

rdsoidjts. jumadrojb tgeus`jis tgdrd*

Herjdnn X* Fr`jlnoj. `j @mdroh`j. w`s Hgòrm`j ef tgd Heujhon

iurojb tgd treuandi yd`rs ef 0?82-87* Gd seubgt te mdio`td. t`lojb

tgd K`p`jdsd idm`jis fer hejtren ujidr hejsoidr`toej*

Ygd pd`hd tdrms wgohg Yelye wonn n`y iewj `ftdr tgd ujidhn`rdi



YGDQE@I@GD@I 178

w`r oj Hgoj` `rd stonn jdauneus* Ygdy wonn ieuatndss ad ljewj seej

djeubg* Ejd woidny horhun`tdi rdpert sòi tgd tdrms weuni ad suhg

`s weuni m`ld Hgoj` hempndtdny suasdrvodjt te K`p`j wotgeut tdhg-

joh`nny voen`tojb tgd K`p`jdsd effoho`n `ssdrtoej tg`t K`p`j g`s JEtdrrotero`n `maotoejs oj Hgoj`* @jetgdr hurrdjt rdpert `t tgd gdobgt

ef tgd fobgtojb sòi tgd K`p`jdsd dxtrdmosts idm`jidi;

0 Qdhebjotoej ef M`jhgulue `ji ferm`toej ef `j dhejemoh

aneh `mejb Hgoj`. K`p`j `ji M`jhgulue*

1 Ferm`toej ef ùtejemeus. `jto-Hemmujost ìmojostr`toejs

oj Jertg Hgoj` `ji Ojjdr Mejbeno`. aetg ujidr K`p`jdsd pre-

tdhtoej aut hejtrennojb `nn tgdor ewj t`xds `ji hustems rdvdjuds*

8 @ppeojtmdjt ef ` K`p`jdsd Ojspdhter-Bdjdr`n ef Hustems

oj Hgoj`. `ji ef K`p`jdsd ìvosdrs oj `nn j`toej`n `ji prevojho`n

idp`rtmdjts< `ji rdvosoej ef Hgojdsd t`roffs te premetd `j dx-

hg`jbd ef K`p`jdsd m`jf`hturds `bòjst Hgojdsd r`w m`tdro`ns.

9 Bdjdr`nossome Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl te stdp `soid fer ` pre-

K`p`jdsdSrdsoidjt ef

Hgoj`.`ji Hgoj` te

keojtgd `jto-

Hemmujost aneh hemprosojb K`p`j. Bdrm`jy `ji Ot`ny*

4 Hgoj` te rdfròj frem pessdssojb `j `rmy er òr ferhd ef

w`rpn`jds< ` spdho`n Sd`hd Srdsdrv`toej Herps te ad fermdi fer

ojtdrj`n penohd fujhtoejs< `ji `nn hemmdrho`n òr sdrvohds te ad

m`j`bdi ay K`p`j. tgd Hgojdsd òrnojds te bdt tgdor pn`jds frem

K`p`jdsd pn`jts*

Xemd ef tgdsd fovd peojts seuji str`jbdny nold tgesd ojhnuidi oj tgd

eroboj`n Ywdjty-ejd Idm`jis mdjtoejdi àevd* @quodshdjhd ay Hgoj`

hdrtòjny weuni bovd Yelye hempndtd hejtren ef tg`t heujtry. `s tgd

K`p`jdsd g`vd nejb idsordi* @ji tgd Epdj Ieer ef dqu`n dhejemoh

eppertujoty. nejb ` m`ker pn`jl oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds penohy tew`ri tgd

Erodjt. weuni swojb sgut wotg ` a`jb*

Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds adh`md ojvenvdi oj tgd Xg`jbgò w`rf`rd wgdj

tgd K`p`jdsd sujl tgd T* X* X* S`j`y. ` bujae`t ej eur _`jbtzd Qovdr

p`tren* Xgd w`s dv`hu`tojb mdj. wemdj `ji hgonirdj frem J`jlojb

ej Xuji`y. Idhdmadr 01. 0?82* K`p`jdsd w`rpn`jds rdpd`tdiny

ireppdi `dro`n aemas ej tgd ieemdi w`rsgop. `ji sgd wdjt te tgd

aettem* @t nd`st tgrdd pdepnd wdrd lonndi oj tg`t ojhoidjt twe

@mdroh`js `ji ejd Ot`no`j* Ygrdd Xt`ji`ri Eon t`jldrs jd`ray nold-

wosd wdrd aemadi oj tgd òr ròi `ji sujl oj tgd iddp _`jbtzd*



YGD QE@I @GD@I 174

fremfontdrojb ojte Hgoj`. `ji tgdjhd `hress tgd a`y te tgdor osn`ji

dmpord feujidi. tgdy s`y. ay tgd Xuj Beiidss gdrsdnf* Fer tgdrd

g`snejb

addj ujrdst wotgoj tgd aeuji`rods ef

Joppej*Ygd nàer

mevdmdjt. `s ydt `nmest oj`rtohun`td. os jejdtgdndss tgdrd. Ygd oj-

iustro`n rdvenutoej oj K`p`j g`s addj tee rdhdjt fer nàer te bdt wdnn

erb`jozdi* Aut tgd monot`ry hgodftòjs. fd`rojb kust suhg `j `w`l-

djojb `ji pessoand dvdjtu`n sprdì ef Hemmujost iehtrojds `t gemd

`ji ojtdrj`n rdvenutoej. fobgt tgd Xevodt Tjoej `ji ots projhopnds

wotg tgdor a`hls te tgd Brd`t R`nn ef Hgoj`*

Hryst`n-b`zojb iewj tgd twostojb `vdjud ef tgd yd`rs te hemd oj

`j ìindi werni os i`jbdreus ausojdss `t adst. p`rtohun`rny of wd

sddl te pdjdtr`td `nejb tg`t n`jd wgohg os idvetdi te tgojbs ef tgd

Erodjt* Rgdtgdr tgd Aey Dmpdrer wonn ad rdsterdi te gos Ir`bej

Ygrejd j`tur`nny os hejkdhtur`n `t tgos wrotojb* Ot os ieuatfun

wgdtgdr tgd K`p`jdsd wge `rd stonn punnojb tgd puppdt-strojbs oj

tg`t sgew m tgdor sdhtoej ef tgd werni"s surf`hd tgdmsdnvds ljew*

Ot os my hejvohtoej tg`t suhg ` mevd os jet f`r iewj tgd penotoh`n

gerozej oj Jertg Hgoj`* Ygd mevd `ppd`rs neboh`n wgdj tgd p`ttdrj

te i`td os tr`hdi `hhur`tdny `ji tgd metovds adgoji K`p`j"s idsord

fer suprdm`hy ej tgd mòjn`ji ef @so` ojdvotàny `t Hgoj`"s dxpdjsd

forst. `ji `t Xevodt Qusso`"s sdheji `rd hemprdgdjidi* Oj tgos

venumd. O g`vd trodi te prdsdjt tgdm oj hnd`r fehus wotg `j ujao`sdi

pdrspdhtovd* @ji oj hempndtojb tgos ojtom`tdny teni t`nd ef gew ot

g`ppdjdi eut tgdrd. O adnodvd O sg`nn s`y gdrd jew tg`t tgd Aey

Dmpdrer os beojb te tewj ej tgd a`hls ef tgd sturiy. ompn`hànd

nottnd mdj frem Iò Joppej `ji tgd tewj te wgohg gd os beojb os

0 "dlojb* Ygd i`td5 Xemd M`rhg 0 adferd tee nejb `j gosteroh i`y

oj tgd novds ef tgd M`jhgu dmpdrers. `s wd jew ljew*

Ygdrd `rd Hgojdsd `nse wge fddn tg`t tgdor n`ji heuni ie wersd

tg`j rdturj te tgd w`ys ef tgdor `jhdsters `ji try `bòj te rund `nn

Hgoj` frem ` strejb hdjtr`n bevdrjmdjt `t Sdlojb* Ygd idmehr`toh

w`y ef nofd se f`r g`s fòndi oj tgd Erodjt* Ot wonn jddi merd tomd

adferd ots untom`td vohtery tgdrd. `ji dvdrywgdrd dnsd oj eur werni*

"Kgos vohtery os ojdvotànd* Ot os `j ommutànd f`ht oj tgd pòjfun

prebrdss ef m`jloji*



OJIDW

ADJI.G`nndtt 0?1

i`ms. Kegj Puojhy 44

bndj. Xor Fr`jhos 102

Vbr`ro`j Qdvenutoej 014

Godi @rmy ef Idfdjsd 10.18

mdroh`. @mdroh`j 13. 11. 18. 14.

17-83. 89. 84. 82-92. 9?-41. 49-4?.

60-69. 66. 67-23. 21-24. 2?. 73. 79.

77-?0.?9-?6. ?7-030. 039-032. 03?. 003.

008. 007. 010. 012-083. 084. 087. 090.

094. 063. 062. 067. 023. 027-073. 071.

079. 072. 07?. 0?0. 0?1. 0?2. 139. 134.

137. 108. 104. 107-118. 114. 112. 117-187. 193. 190. 194. 19?. 144. 14?. 163.

168. 169. 123. 121. 127. 170-179

mdroh`j Hgurhg Mossoej 026. 022

mdroh`j Hnua 07. 0?. 11. 60. 010. 111.

143. 142

mdroh`j Jertgdrj Srdsgyndro`j Mos-

soej 86

mdroh`j Tjovdrsoty Hnua 023

mey 46

jgwdo 092

jj`penos 106

ràs 06rozej` 71

meni. Kund`j -039-036. 114. 116

so` 01. 09. 04. 88. 41. 49. 62. ?6.

099. 04?. 063. 066. 029. 024. 022. 079.

076. 0?1. 13?. 101. 110. 111. 119.

112-183. 182. 187. 161. 126. 173. 171.

174

sseho`tdi Srdss 140

tn`jtoh Ehd`j 143. 160

usnr`g`. @ustr`no`j 12. 17

@NYOMEQD 44`ptost Hgurhg 084. 086. 026. 078. 079

drb 'sdd `nse Aereioj. Mol`n/ ?2

drnm 086. 142. 14?. 163. 127

ojidr. H`rrenn 147. 14?

ojbg`m. Xdj`ter Gor`m 039. 036.

012. 017

ojbg`m. Reeiaroibd 039. 036

ojbg`mptej. J _* 21

n`ldny. Qd`r-@im K* Q _*-Z68. 07?

Aensgdvol11. 2?.

?1

Aejjdyonnd.Qohg`ri R* 10?

Aereioj. Mì`md M* 24

Aereioj. Mol`n 0?. 66. ?3. ?6-033.

004. 00?. 011-01?. 080. 099. 043. 040.

04?. 190

Aestej 49. 22

Aestej Tjovdrsoty -13?

Aewdj. Ir* @* K* 94. 96

Aexdr Qdadnnoej 47. 106

Aey Dmpdrer 13. 18?. 193. 161-164.

162. 167. 120-124. 173. 174

Ardotdjstdoj. Qohg`ri 0?3. 0?1. 134Arosten. @hnm M`rl N* 61. 113-114.

149-146. 147. 14?

Arosten. Mrs M`rl N 114. 146. 147.

14?

Arotòj. Arotosg 10. 11. 16. 17. 1?. 80.

88. 87. 93. 90. 98. 94. 92. 9?. 46. 47.

4?. 60-68. 66. 67. 6?. 21. 28. 24-70.

79. 77. ?9. ?6. ??-030. 017. 094. 062.

023. 02?. 078. 072-07?. 0?0. 137. 106.

107. 114. 11?. 180. 141. 120. 121.

171. 179

Arotosg `ji @mdroh`j Yea`hhe Hem-p`jy 26. 086

Areelnyj D`bnd :089

Ary`j. Ronno`m Kdjjojbs 02?

Auiig`. Auiigosm 001. 089. 029. 027.

070. 169

Auff`ne Tjovdrsoty 10?

Aurm` 79. 01?. 100. 112

Autndr. Arob*-Bhj* Xmdindy I* 68. 69.

077

H@NOFEQJO@ 093. 11?

H`mm. K* 2?H`jì` 079

H`jtej. H`jtejdsd 08. 02-16. 81. 92.

9?. 41. 49. 42-4?. 62. 6?. 23. 22. 27.

73. 71. 79. ?6. ?7. 006. 014. 084.

066-028. 076. 0?3. 101< 114. 116. 181-

189. 18?-190. 194. 12?. 171

H`jtej Hgrosto`j Henndbd 026

H`stndm`j. H`pt* Ldjjdtg 118

H`tgenoh 026. 074

172




Hdjtr`n @mdroh` ??

Hg`jb Hgdjb-yo. Qdv 078

Hg`jb-hgujb 18?. 161. 164. 166. 12?

Hg`jb Hgujb-hg`jb. M`rsg`n 20. 78.

092. 049. 0?0. 0?6. 0??

Hg`jb F`-lwdo. Bdj* 067. 06?

Hg`jb Gsudg-g`jb. Bdj 0?4-0??. 100

Hg`jb Guo-hg`jb. H`pt 181. 188

Hg`jbsg` 07?

Hg`jb Xgdj-tsd. Bdj 74

Hg`jb Yse-nm 4?. 78. 79. ?8. ?7. 000.

081. 098. 076. 072. 0?0. 0?1. 0?4-0?2.

0??. 132. 102

Hg`pdo169

tgdlo`jb Srevmh>Z-78. 080. 081. 092

Hgdj. Dubdjd-83. 80. 84. 91. 9?. 74.

?3. ?1-?6. 03?. 012-01?. 094

Hgdjb Hgodj. Bdj -90-98. 97. 74

Hgdjbhgew-12. 17. 018-014. 01?-080.

077

Hgdjbtu 112. 183

Hgo`jb Hgmb-p`jb 090

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl 09. 18. 17. 83. 88.

97. 4?. 64. 27. 2?. 70-74. ?8. ?9. ?6.

?7. 038. 036-037. 003-00?. 018. 014-

017. 080-090. 099-096. 041. 049. 042-

063. 062-06?. 020. 026. 079. 0?9. 132.

103. 111. 191. 197. 122-170. 178

Hgoh`be ?2. 083

Hgoh`be Iòny Jdws 14?

Hgoh`be Yroaujh-~18. 039. 010

Hgoh`be. Tjovdrsoty ef 083

Hgodfdjhgew 0?9

Hgodj Ysu-moj 74

Hgogno 0?3

Hgogno-Xg`jtujb @rmy 86. 91

Hgo-le 081-089. 087

Hgoj`. Hgojdsd-00-06. 07-11. 19-84.

82. 8?. 90. 91. 96. 92. 9?. 41-21. 29.

22-77. ?0-030. 038-032. 03?-009. 006-

00?. 011-012. 01?-08?. .091. 099-048.

044-07?. 0?1-0?7. 133. 131-108. 104.

106. 107-193. 191-196. 197-141. 149.

144. 142. 160-166. 123. 128-174

Hgoj` Srdss 181

Hgojdsd Hdjtr`n Bevdrjmdjt 09. 4?.

173. 171

Hgojdsd D`stdrj Qònw`y 072. 19?

Hgojdsd J`toej`n @vo`tej Herper`toej

189-182

Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh 47. 092. 046. 162.

167. 120. 128

Hgojdsd Yurldst`j 066

Hgoj Fdo 162. 167

Hgmlo`jb 21-24

Hgrosto`j. Hgrosto`joty 0 09. 006. 042.

029-073. 071-074

Hgrost ef tgd Ojio`j Qeì 029

Hgujblojb 09. 88. 100. 101. 170. 171

Hgu. Sùn 03?

Hndvdn`ji. Ir* Frdidrohl @ 10?

Hemmujost. Hemmujosm 88. 89. 22.

70-74. ?0. ?4. ?7. 033. 000. 006. 00?.

018. 014. 01?. 080. 099. 096. 097-046.

047. 04?. 064. 062. 067. 023. 020. 027.

07?. 146. 127. 173. 178-174

Hejfuhous. Hejfuho`josm 009. 029. 027

Hejbrdb`toej`n Hgurhg 071. 079

Hejst`jtojo. @rhgaosgep079

Hejvdrsd. H`renyj 143

Heenoibh. H`nvoj 07?

Herjdnn Tjovdrsoty 10?

Hujjojbg`m. Diwoj X 077

Huttojb. Xuyi`m 112

I@OQDJ 072. 0?1. 0?8. 0?4. 0?6. 138-

134. 132. 168

I`vos. Iwobgt F 19?

I`vos. Hen G* H 63. 60

I`vos. KegjL 89. 84. 40

Idauhgo. Ldjlohgo 168

Idtreot ?3. 183-181

Iosr`dno 06

Iujh`j. M`k*-Bdj* Xor Kegj 60. 61.

072. 114

Iur`jty. R`ntdr 66. 140. 144. 146.

147-863

DII_. Ronno`m 011

Diw`rids. @ G* L 106. 102

Dtgoepo` 127

Durepd. Durepd`j 49. 44. 4?-60. 74.

039. 008. 086. 090. 066. 101. 108. 119.

188. 184. 187. 193. 198. 196. 19?-140.

148. 142. 147. 163. 127. 12?

Dxtr`-Yhrrotero`noty. Iehtrojd ef 46.

47. ?6. 094

F@XHOXM 127

Fddny. Diw`ri F* 10?

Fdjbgw` 088. 089Fdjbgw` Qovdr 086

Fdjbkuj 0?9

Fdjb Lue-hg`jb 167

Fdjbtodj Srevojhd 080. 0?4. 0?6. 0??.

133. 138

Fdjb _u-gso`jb 17. 4?. 78. ?8. 038.

032. 000. 009-002. 00?. 018. 014. 016.

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132. 197. 120



OJIDW 17?

Fdttdr. Ir Fr`jl R 10?

Fodni Musdum 112

Feraoiidj Hoty 00. 193. 162-120

Fejb Xdh. Ir* 084

Fermes` 12?. 170

Feehgew 46

Fr`jhd. Frdjhg 13. 11. 18. 83. 93. 47.

68. 66. 77. ?3. ?9. 033. 030. 004. 084.

042. 077. 0?0. 104. 106. 107. 140. 170

Fr`jlnoj. Herjdnn X 171

Fuì Ady 00?

Fulodj 71. 092. 048

Fu No Hgo 001

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B@TXX. Hn`rdjhd 077

Bdjbgos Lg`j 13?

Bdrm`jy. Bdrm`j 11. 17. 47. 6?. 27.

77. ?3. ?2. 033. 004. 084. 0?0. 0?1.

119. 188. 146. 14?. 163. 12?. 178

Boaaejs. Fneyi 169

Bojnojb Henndbd fer Remdj -86. 98.

99. 034. 196

Bnìstejd 06

Beeirohg.Drjdst S 199. 194

Bert. Vosheujt 072

Brd`t R`nn ef Hgm`-00. 12. 41. 076.

0?0. 0?8. 0?9. 131. 13?. 18?. 161. 166.

124. 122. 173. 174

Bu`m 69. 183

G@A@QEVXL 144-142

Gò-ge Qovdr 0?3

Gònujlo`jb 0??

G`jbhgew 048

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038. 039. 006. 00?-080. 087. 090. 099.

094. 043. 066. 06?. 026. 027. 077. 07?.

0?6. 132. 137. 100. 118. 183. 181.

189. 197. 170. 171

G`jlew Hnua ?3. 033

G`jlew Tdrii-R. 033

G`jlew Q`hd Hnua ?3. 033

G`j Qovdr 72

G`jsdj. Orwm 148

G`jy`jb 77

G`raoj 11. 0??. 133. 134. 19?

G`riojb. R`rrdj B* 193

G`rros. Merros 140

G`rv`ri Tjovdrsoty 10?

G`wòo 183. 18?

G`y. Nìy G`y Irummeji 190

Gdjry Su-yo 'sdd `nse Gsu`j-Yojb`ji tgd Aey Dmpdrer/ 13. 161.

168. 164-124

Gonn. Hen Hg`rnds X`jidrsej 104. 106

Goregote-06. 168. 179

Gea`rt. D* Y -89. 82. 99. 9?

Genn`jidr. Y K* 022

Gej`j Srevojhd-Z. 78. ?8. 018. 019.

017. 01?. 060. 068-064. 067

Gejblejb 06?. 108. 11?-180

Gejenunu ?2. 011. 0?1

Geevdr. GdradrtZ169

Gepdo 0?3. 122. 173

Geubg. Qd`r-@im* Q G -97< 7?

Gso`lw`j 87. 97. 29

Gsmlojb 18?. 161. 168. 12?. 173

Gsu`jY"mb 18?. 161. 164. 162.

120

Gsu-hgodj. Bderbd 74

G&uhgew-fu 17. 038. 032. 03?-008.

004. 002. 007. 018-014. 093

Gubgds. Hg`rnds Dv`js 12?

Gunn. Heridnn 179

Guj`j 74. ?4. ?6. 009. 092. 097. 048.

027

Gupdg 092. 097. 048

Gu _è-tù 90

0JKIO@-96. 10. 029Ojio`j` ?2

Ojtdrj`toej`n Jdws Xdrvohd 14?

Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt 13. 11. 18. 14.

16. 83. 168. 170. 171. 179

Ot`ny. Ot`no`j-93. 68. 127. 178

K@S@J. K`p`jdsd 00. 08. 06-18. 93.

99. 97. 63. 61. 24. 73. 79. 77. 033.

039. 000. 008. 007. 081. 088. 086. 093.

042. 061. 062. 029. 073. 076-0?3. 0?1-

0?7. 133-134. 132. 13?. 100. 107. 180.

181. 18?. 193. 197-140. 144. 146. 161-

166. 120-174

Kdgen 0?9. 173

Kdrus`ndm 02?

Kegjsej. @ma`ssìer Jdnsej Y. 171

Kejds. Dnsod M`rtoj 140

Kejds. Nodut* Xt`jndy @* 48. 63

L@NYDJAEQJ. G* V*-089. 082-08?

L`jb-Ydg 161. 173

L`js`s 001

L`jsu-068. 066. 0?2. 101

L`sgmor 112

Lddj. Vohter 143

Ldmmdrdr. Sref* Diwoj R`ntdr 107.

10?

Lo`jblew 082. 090

Lo`jbso-9?. 092

Lo`jbsu 038. 032. 068

Lonberd. Nodut-Hen* F* I* 104




Lm-g`j Qònw`y 88. 081. 042

Lojlo`jb 73. 70

Lojjdy. G* R* 0?1

Lopnojb. Quiy`ri 02

Loroj-0??. 138

Lee. Ir* Rdnnojbtej 4?

Lerd` 073. 140. 12?

Lesnevsly. A* 06?

Lrdmnoj 14?

Lu`jb Gsu 166. 162

Lujb. Ir* G* G* 061. 06?. 10?

Lujb. Mmd G G 042. 198

Lujb-gsodj 077

Lue Hgo` Xo 164. 123

Luemojhguj 094

Luermjt`jb02. 07. 13. 83-88. 41. 48.

66. 2?-71. ?3. ?1. ?4. ?6. ??. 030. 038.

003. 009-006. 00?. 019. 083. 081. 088.

093. 099-04?. 060. 061. 062. 06?. 023.

076-0?1. 0?9. 138. 132. 137. 103. 100.

11?. 188. 18?-198. 197. 161. 12?. 173

Lue Xujb-noj 000

Lw`jbso-081. 0?9. 132. 114. 116. 197

Lw`jbtujb-Z0. 71. 114

Lw`jtujb 048. 067Lwdohgew 71. 74. 092

N@VE_. Mdrnd 001. 008

Nd`bud ef J`toejs 01?. 0?8. 133. 169.

127

Ndbdjird. Ir* @* F* 140

Ndjoj 14?

Ndjojbrì 14?

No Hgujb-kdj. Bdj 001. 132

Nodu. _ [ -73-78. 74

Nojhenj. @ar`g`m 193Nojiadrbg. Hg`rnds 181

Noj Xdj~-88

Nojy`jb 0?3

Nosaej 11?

Nottdnn. Kegj 022

Nehlg`rt. Hen Q S* 76. 7?. 01?. 026

Nehlg`rt. Ir* 3* H 10?

Neg. M`k*-Bdj I`voi 006. 002

Negm`jj. G* S* 163

Nen` 112. 117

Nejiej 23. 023

Nejiej. K`hl 0?1

Nejiej Yomds 17. 010

Ne S` Gejb 074

Ney`jb 07?

Nulds. X`r`g 160

Nulds. Xus`j 160

Nujbgò Qònw`y 000. 066

Nutgdr`j Hgurhg 011. 026

Nyjhg. F* A* 10?

Nyejs. Dubdjd 147

M@H@E 11?

M`hMurr`y. Kegj V`j @* 137. 10?.

113

M` Ge-hgew. M`k*-Bdj 001

M`jhgu 00. 13. 47. 094. 076. 077. 138.

110. 18?. 161. 168. 164. 166. 123.

129. 124. 174

M`jhgulue 13. 076. 138. 18?. 193.

168. 12?. 173. 178. 179

M`jhguro` 13. 11. 4?. ?8. 000. 080. 061.

076. 072. 0?0-138. 134-132. 13?. 100.

181. 197-143. 144. 161-164. 129-126.

127-173. 179

M`ji`roj 01. 9?. 62. 099. 101. 108

M`jon`-69. 021. 11?. 183. 182. 19?

M`rhe Sene 081

M`tsuel`. _esuld 0?1-0?4. 133

M`zd. Xor Frdidrohl 106. 102

Mdhlndjaurbg. G* N 2?

Mdtgeiost Dposhep`n Hgurhg 042. 026.

073. 078. 079

Mdxohe. Mdxoh`j ?3-?1. ??. 0?1. 149

Mo`mo.Fn`* 074

Mohgob`j->71. 011. 183

Moiind Lojbiem-! 0. 12

Moiw`y Osn`ji 183

Mossossoppo Qovdr 66. 23. 72. 77

Mosseuro 160

Mosseuro. Tjovdrsoty ef 160

Meidrj Hgojdsd Hovonoz`toej 140

Mejbeno` ?6. 018. 13?-100. 164. 166.

167. 173. 178. 179

Meerd. Frdidrohl F*-66. 12?

Meshew 13. 17. 88. 66. ?0. ?1. ?6. ?2.

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062. 06?-020. 137. 193. 19?-141. 149-

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Meusserbsly 14?

Ar* ArotTjb Xdds Ot Ygreubg 1)1

Mulidj 78. 000. 076. 072. 0?1-0?6.

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168. 169

Mussenojo 127

J@JHD. Ir* R`ntdr Auhljdr 073-

071

J`jhd. Mrs* R`ntdr Auhljdr *070. 071

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10?. 113. 111. 116. 181-182. 190-

19?. 126-127. 173-179

J`jlojb Ojhoidjt 1?. 80-84. 91. 40.

61. 68. ?1. ?4. 034. 012. 01?. 077

J`jlojb Ygdeneboh`n Xdmoj`ry 87

J`jlojb. Yrd`ty ef 46

J`jlojb Tjovdrsoty 81. 84. 86. 94. 92.

9?. 034. 036

J`toej`n Hoty A`jl 10?

J`toej`n Hgrosto`j Heujhon 02?

J`toej`nost 13. 18. 19. 12. 83. 89-43.

68. 20-28. 24. 22. 2?-70. 78. 72. ?3.

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J`toej`nost Jdws @bdjhy ?2

Jdw _erl-0?. 10. 1?. 49. 66. 67. ?3.

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163. 160

Jdw _erl Gdr`ni Yroaujd--143

Jdw _erl 2w~66. 29. 034. 084.

0?1. 0?7. 190. 197. 19?. 148

Joh`r`bu` -??. 106

Jodnsdj. Ir* @`bd L``rup 039. 032Jojd-Sewdr Yrd`ty 12?

Jojbpe-46. 081. 089-08?. 091

Jertgdrj @rmy 0?. 10. 19-16. 98. 99.

66. 20. 21. 24-22. ?8. ?6. ?7. 008. 009.

002. 014. 092. 077-0?3. 0?6. 132

ENEJB@SE-69Epdj Ieer Senohy 12?. 178

Eutdr Mejbeno` 018. 13?. 100. 179

S@HOFOH Ehd`j-o49. 039. 108. 106.119. 114. 11?. 181. 188. 169. 126

S`jb Ysodj-tsò. Bdj 001-009

S`ros 086. 147-163

Sd`rn Qovdr 023. 076. 190

Sdohgogno A`y 072. 0?1. 138

Sdo Hgujb-gso. Bdj* 001. 008. 0?9.

181

Sdopojb 'sdd `nse Sdlojb/ 00. 13. 099.

063. 026. 114. 11?. 183. 189. 190.

196. 164. 129. 124. 173. 170. 174

Sdlojb 'sdd `nse Sdopojb/ 00. 81. 88.

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043. 042. 063. 069. 066. 076-0?6. 0??.

138. 134. 132-103. 106. 102. 113-111.

181. 18?-190. 198. 161. 164-162. 123-

128. 124. 12?. 173. 174

Sdlojb-Mulidj Qònw`y 000. 0?9. 0?6

Fdnnojb. G* H*-23-21. 22

Sdjbpu 67. 21

Sdjjsynv`jo`. Tjovdrsoty ef 00?

Sdepnd"s Yroaujd. Y%t>5 ?2. 033. 018

Sdtdr tgd Brd`t 14?

Sgonìdnpgo` 106Sgonoppojd Osn`jis-8. 021. 106. 113.

197. 19?. 12?

Sohldjs. Qeadrt X* 039. 034. 032. 003.

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Sojb-lo`jb 0?3

Sen`ji 163

Sen`ji. R* A-10?

Sepd Sous WO 079. 074

Sert @rtgur 072

Sertub`n 11?

Sewdnn. K* A*-18

Srdsaytdro`j Hgurhg 026. 071-079

Srojhdtej Tjovdrsoty 107. 10?

Sregmd. Q`yj` ?2. 018. 083

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Suhgdj-98

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Puojhy. OOO 160

Pue Yò-hgo 023

Q@IOE Herper`toej ef @mdroh` 182

Q`jbeej 12

Qdi A`jjdr. Ygd -146

Qdi Xw`stol` Xehodty-90. 97

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Qondy. Fr`jl-17. 010. 011. 01?. 083

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Qeadrtsej. M`k* Ronno`m A* 189. 184

Qehly Meujtòjs 71

Qebdrs. Ronn 169

Qemd 141. 127

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149-163. 12?. 173. 179. 174

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X@OBEJ 112

Xt* Neuos 72. 19?




X`j Iodbe 68. 69. 106

X`j Fr`jhoshe 084. 160

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Xg`jbgò Yomds 02?. 180

Xg`jgòlw`j 0?8. 0?9. 0?6

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122

Xg`jtujb 12. 17. 20. 78. 038. 032. 000-

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Xgdjso 78. 018. 092. 068. 066

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Xo`m 06

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Xojlo`jb 101

Xmotg. Nodut-Hemm* Qey H 1?. 83.

61

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Xeehgew 073-071. 170

Xeehgew Tjovdrsoty 073. 071

Xeejb Iyj`sty 042

Xeejb. Mdo-nmb 086. 042. 198. 170

Xeejb. Y* V*-087. 08?. 090. 042. 06?.

102. 107

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24. 076. 07?. 0?8. 0?9. 110

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Xeutg M`jhguro` Qònw`y 0?1. 0?2.

168. 12?

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Xt`ji`ri Eon Hemp`jy 1?. 89. 87. 99.

96. 9?. 21. 28. 2?. ?3. 034. 0?3. 160

178

Xtùid. Nodut Adj 1?. 83

Xtdvdjs. Gdradrt 112

Xtomsej. Hen* Gdjry N* 021. 10?. 113.

19?. 168

Xtomsej. Mrs Gdjry N 10?

Xtretgdr. Qdv* D* D 02?

Xuoyu`j 122

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194

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12?

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Xuydtsubu. Jeaum`s` 171

Xwdidj. Xwdiosg 011. 142

Xyr`husd Tjovdrsoty 10?

Xzdhgu`j 092. 079. 100. 112. 117. 183.

170

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Y`j`l`. A`rej 0?8. 131

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Vùtroj. Mojjod 86. 98. 99

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036

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Rug`j-72. 011. 014. 016. 040. 0?9. 173

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Ygd Ojstotutd. us suhg. ts prdhnuidi ay +%

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Ygeubgt sg`nn ad tgd g`ridr.

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YGD N@_ EF YGD A@YYND EF M@NIEJ

VENTMD OO

EWFEQI TJOVDQXOY_ SQDXX

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HEJYDJYX

VENTMD OO

OO* I* YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD * o

O* W`^drri ri Le@` **** o

Ygd Qdturj ef J`turd **** o

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Ygd Ie`syeunolds * * * * * * *14OO* ROD XYOMTNTX EF G@QI HETJYQODX * * * 80

@ Sn`j ef Epdr`toejs * * * * * 80

Ygd _dnnew Qovdr `ji tgd _`jbtsd * * * * 80

Hgomu `ji V`np`ròse * * * * * -88Newn`jis `ji Gobgn`jis oj Bu`tdm`n` * * * 89

Ygd @dbd`j He`sts `ji tgdor Hejtojdjt`n Gojtdrn`jis * -86@ttoh` `ji Aedeto` * * + * * -82Hg`nhoiohX `ji Aedeto` * * * * * *91Ayz`jtoum `ji H`nhgdiej * * -98@dboj` `ji @rbes * * * * * *97Osr`dnotds. Sgedjoho`js. `ji Sgonostojds * * * - 9?

Nda`jej `ji Kà`n @js`roy`g * * -44Ar`jidjaurb `ji tgd Qgojdn`ji

* * *

-42@ustro` `ji Nema`riy * 47

+Ygd An`hl Heujtry" `ji "Ygd Gemd Heujtods" * * 63

Ygd Xtrubbnd fer Jertg @mdroh` * * * * -64

OG* YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI * * - - -28Ygd Ydstomejy ef Sgonesepgy. Mytgeneby. `ji Qdnoboej * 28

Ygd Ydstomejy ef tgd "Qdn`tdi+ Hovonoz`toejs * * -29Ygd Xpdho`n Xtomunus ef Mobr`toej Evdrsd`s * * *79

OV* YGD XYOMTNTX EF ANERX * . * - - * OEE

V* YGD XYOMTNTX EF SQDXXTQDX * - - *001

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Oj tgd Xojoh Rerni * * * * X

Oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni * * - *00?Oj tgd Gojiu Rerni * * * * * x2Oj tgd Xumdroh `ji Aàynejoh Rernis * * * +88

Oj tgd Xyro`h Rerni * * * * * - +82



vo HEJYDJYXOj tgd Or`joh Rerni evdr `bòjst Dur`so` * 099

Oj tgd Or`joh Rerni evdr `bòjst Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem 0 43

Oj Qusso`j Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem * * * * 049

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Oj tgd Moje`j `ji Gdnndjoh Rernis * * 04?

Oj tgd Rdstdrj Rerni evdr `bòjst tgd Hejtojdjt`n Durepd`jA`ra`ro`js * * * 066

Oj tgd Rdstdrj Rerni evdr `bòjst Mushevy * * * 029

Oj tgd Rdstdrj Rerni evdr `bòjst tgd Ettem`j Dmpord . 022

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VO* YGD XYOMTNTX EF SDJ@NO[@YOEJX

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Ygd J`turd ef tgd Xtomunus * * * * *137

Mobr`toej * . * * * * * *101

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Qdnoboeus Ioshromoj`toej ****** 113

Ygd Sg`j`roets . * * * * v 111

YgdP`zfojnos * * * * * * *117Ygd Ndv`jtojds

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Ygd Kdws. S`rsdds. Jdstej`js. Mejepgysotds. `ji Mejeogdnhtds * 189

Ygd @sgldj`zom. Xhpg`riom. Itfjmd. `ji Mjrr`jes * 193

Jàeas `ji X`goas ****** 197

Dm`jhop`tdi Jejhejfermosts ***** 143

Dm`jhop`tdi Q`"nydg * * * . * *140@ssomon`toejosts `ji [oejosts * * * * *141Osm`"onos `ji Om`mns * * * * * *149Fessons oj F`stjdssds * * * * . -144

VOO* YOOD BENIDJ MD@J * * * * + 14?

Ygd N`w ef Hempdjs`toejs * * * * 14?

Gew os ` Hg`nndjbd prevdi Dxhdssovd 5 * * 129

Hemp`rosejs oj Ygrdd Ydrms * * * * *133Jerw`y Ohdn`ji Brddjn`ji * * * . 1?0

Ioxod M`ss`hgusdtts Mòjd * * * * * 1?8

Ar`zon N` Sn`t` S`t`bejo` ***** 1?6

Ygd S`hofoh Xdàe`ri ef Xeutg @mdroh` * . . * 1?2

Vety`ls M`by`rs N`pps * + * * * 833

Qd`htoejs te Hg`jbds ef Hnom`td * . * . . 83+

Xhetn`ji Tnstdr @pp`n`hgo` * * * * . 83?Qd`htoejs te tgd Q`v`bds ef R`r * * * * . 808

Hgojdsd Qd`htoejs te tgd Hg`nndjbd ef Dmobr`toej * . * 8x4

Xn`vs @hg`d`js Ydutejs Hdnts * * * * 804

Ygd @aertovd F`r Rdstdrj Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej * * + 811

Ygd @aertovd Xh`jioj`vo`j Hovonoz`toej * * . *893Ygd Omp`ht ef Osn`m upej tgd Hgrostdjiems . * * 863

Ygd @aertovd F`r D`stdrj Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej * * + 86?

Mosh`rro`bds `ji Aortgs ef Hovonoz`toejs oj Xyro` * * -8Z4



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Ojtrojsoh`nny er ay @hhoidjt5 * * * 8?4

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ef tgd M`y`j `ji _uh`tdh Hovonoz`toejs oj Hdjtr`n

@mdroh`. `ji te tgd Gostery ef tgd Xyj`h Hovonoz`-

toej oj tgd E`sds ef tgd Jertg @r`ao`j Xtdppd * 908

@jjdx OO; Ygd Ygrdd-Herjdrdi Qdn`toej adtwddj tgd Qem`j

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@jjdx OOO; Ygd Dxtojhtoej ef tgd F`r Rdstdrj Hgrosto`j Hunturd

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Hovonoz`toej `ji tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej * * 989

@jjdx VO; Ygd Ferfdotdi Aortgrobgt ef tgd @aertovd Xh`jioj`vo`j

Hovonoz`toej * * * * *987

@jjdx VOO; Ygd Nest Eppertujotods ef tgd Xh`jioj`vo`js `ji tgd

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@jjdx VOOO; Ygd Ferfdotdi Aortgrobgt ef tgd @aertovd F`r D`stdrj

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I* YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

O* W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@

Ygd Qdturj ef J`turd

RDg`vd jew stuiodi tgd `htoej ef Hg`nndjbd-`ji-Qdspejsd

`ji g`vd `ttdmptdi te survdy tgd rend wgohg hg`nndjbds `ji

rdspejsds g`vd pn`ydi oj tgd bdjdsds ef hovonoz`toejs* Oj dma`rlojb

upej tgos survdy. wd g`vd ompnohotny rdkdhtdi tgd vodw tg`t hovonoz`-

toejs `rd `pt te ad bdjdr`tdi oj djvorejmdjts pgysoh`n er gum`j

wgohg effdr ujusu`nny d`sy hejiotoejs ef nofd te M`j* Ygos vodw

os pepun`rny gdni. er `t `jy r`td woidny òrdi. oj tgd meidrj

Rdstdrj Rerni. tgeubg ot os hejtrìohtdi ay tgd tgdery ef eur

meidrj Rdstdrj Sgysoh`n Xhodjhd `s wdnn `s ay tgd iddpdr ojtuotoej

ef M`jloji wgohg g`s feuji dxprdssoej oj tgd Mytgeneby efv`roeus

sehodtods oj v`roeus `bds*0 Oj tgd heursd ef tgd survdy wgohg wd

g`vd kust hejhnuidi. wd g`vd objerdi tgos f`nsd vodw< aut wd m`yfoji tg`t. adsoids ompnohotny rdkdhtojb ot. wd g`vd `nse ojiordhtny

rdfutdi ot ay dxpesojb tgd f`nn`hy ej wgohg ot os feujidi*

Ygos f`nn`hy sprojbs frem ` fònurd te hejhdovd tgd bdjdsos ef `

hovonoz`toej `s "`j `ht ef hrd`toej

ojvenvojb

`prehdss

ef

hg`jbd

oj

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ir`m` ef bdjdsos g`s addj pn`ydi te tgd fojosg. os tgeubgtndssny

dqu`tdi wotg tgd promotovd `ppd`r`jhd ef tgd s`md shdjd oj tgd

prdgosteroh `bd adferd tgd sotd w`s t`ldj oj g`ji ay M`j te sdrvd

`s tgd st`bd fer ` brd`t gum`j `htoej* Fer dx`mpnd.

"wd `rd `hhustemdi te rdb`ri Dbypt `s ` p`rìosd. `s tgd mest fdrtond

heujtry oj tgd Rerni. wgdrd. of wd aut shr`thg tgd seon `ji sh`ttdr sddi.

wd g`vd ejny te `wòt `ji b`tgdr tgd g`rvdst* Ygd Brddls speld ef

Dbypt `s tgd mest fot pn`hd fer tgd forst bdjdr`toejs ef mdj. fer tgdrd.

tgdy sòi. feei w`s `nw`ys rdìy `t g`ji. `ji ot teel je nàeur te sdhurd

`j àuji`jt suppny* +^

Ygd f`nn`hy ef tgos vodw os peojtdi eut ay tgd iostojbuosgdi `rhg`de-

nebost wge g`s fermun`tdi ot oj tgdsd sdjtdjhds oj eridr te rdfutd ot*

Gos rdfut`toej os prdsdjtdi oj tgd n`ttdr p`rt ef ` p`ss`bd wgohg g`s

`nrdìyaddj

quetdi.oj tgd

prdhdiojb hg`ptdr

ef tgos

Xtuiy.

`t

brd`tdr ndjbtg*

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os ` vdry ioffdrdjt pn`hd frem tgd Dbypt ef prd-`brohuntur`ntomds* * * *

+ Fer tgos hejtr`ry shodjtofoh `ji mytgeneboh`n Rdnt`jshgùujbZ sdd àevd. ON H 'u/ 'a/

o. ven* o. p`ssom.+Jdwadrry. ep. hot* oj OO* H 'oo/ 'a/ 1. àevd. ven*

o. p* 836*

OO A



1 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

Ygd `brohuntur`n Dbypt ef meidrj tomds os `s muhg ` boft ef M`j `s ot os

ef tgd Jond*"0

Oj f`ht. tgd f`nn`hoeus pepun`rvodw djtordny evdrneelstgd stupdjieus

gum`j dffert ojvenvdi. jet ejny oj ejhd tr`jsfermojb tgd prdgosteroh

kujbnd-sw`mp ef tgd Newdr Jond V`nndy ojte tgd gosteroh`n N`ji ef

Dbypt. aut `nse oj pdrpdtu`nny prdvdjtojb tgos m`bjofohdjt aut

prdh`roeus werl ef mdj"s g`jis frem rdvdrtojb te ots promdv`n

st`td ef J`turd.

Rg`t tgos st`td ef J`turd w`s. wd g`vd ojioh`tdi. oj tgd twe

ojst`jhds ef tgd N`ji ef Dbypt `ji tgd N`ji ef Xgoj`r. ay hotojb1

forst-g`ji idshroptoejs ef tgd prdsdjt st`td ef hdrtòj etgdr sdhtoejs

ef tgd Jond V`nndy `ji tgd Yobros-Dupgr`tds V`nndy wgohg g`vdrdmòjdi. iewj te tgos i`y. oj tgd promotovd hejiotoej eut ef wgohg

Dbypt w`s hejkurdi up oj tgd Newdr Jond V`nndy ay tgd f`tgdrs ef

tgd Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej `ji Xgoj`r ay tgd f`tgdrs ef tgd Xumdroh

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adferd tgd prdsdjt prevojhds ef A`sr`g `jif

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eut ojte tgd Sdrso`j Bunf ay tgd prebrdssovd idpesot ef `nnuvoum

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sox tgeus`ji yd`rs `be. suhhddidi oj tr`jsfermojb somon`r tr`hts ef

ojgespotànd kujbnd-sw`mp. eut ef `nn rdhebjotoej. ojte `j eridrdi

jdtwerl ef iylds `ji fodnis. wgdrd seon `ji w`tdr `rh suakdht te

gum`j hejtren fer tgd sdrvohd ef gum`j purpesds* Ygd vodw tg`t

hovonoz`toejs `rd adbettdj oj djvorejmdjts wgdrd tgd hejiotoejs `rd

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te-i`y. tgd promdv`n st`td ef Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r. wotg tgd `htu`n

st`td ef Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r `s wd sdd ot te-i`y soid ay soid wotg

tgd A`gr-`n-Kà`n `ji wotg tgd sw`mps oj wgohg tgd Yobros `ji

Dupgr`tds nesd tgdmsdnvds adnew "@m`r`g `ji J`soroy`g* @t tgd

s`md tomd. kust adhùsd tgd werls ef M`j wgohg g`vd dff`hdi tgd

promdv`n st`td ef J`turd oj tgd Newdr Jond V`nndy `ji oj tgd Newdr

Yobros-Dupgr`tds V`nndy `rd stonn "beojb hejhdrjs". wd h`jjet

easdrvd tgd promdv`n st`td ef J`turd gdrd iordhtny* Rd g`vd te adhejtdjt wotg tgd rdfndhtoejs ef ot wgohg wd h`j ioshdrj oj tgd

w`tdry morrers ef tgd A`gr-`n-Kà`n `ji tgdh

@m`r`g~J`soroy`g~A`sr`g tro`jbnd <

`ji tgeubg tgd shodjtofoh stuidjt m`y fddn mer`nny

+Jdwadrry. ep* hot*. quetdi oj ven* o. pp* 836 `ji 837. àevd* Fer tgd hdndar`tdi

`pgerosm ef Gdreietus. te wgohg Srefdsser Jdwadrry t`lds dxhdptoej oj tgd sdhejisdjtdjhd gdrd

quetdi. sdd feetjetd 1 ej p* 141 oj OO* H'oo/ '`/ 1. oj ven* o. àevd.

z Oj OO* H 'u/ '6/ 1. ven* o. pp* 83?-01 `ji 806-07. àevd*8 Xdd ven* k. pp* 83?-01. àevd* 9 Xdd ven*

o. pp* 806-07. àevd*



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 8

hdrtòj. oj gos ewj moji. tg`t tgdsd survovojb rdfndhtoejs bovd ` fòr

pohturd ef tgd nejb-eanotdr`tdi eroboj`ns. gd must ad prdp`rdi te

foji tgd n`ym`j idhn`rojb. nold ieuatojb Ygem`s. tg`t ejny iordht

easdrv`toej wonn hejvojhd gom*

@rd tgdrd tgd`trds ef hovonoz`toej. etgdr tg`j Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r.wgohg h`j prevoid tgd n`ym`j wotg tgd iordht dvoidjhd wgohg gdidm`jis `ji wgohg Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r h`jjet bovd gom 5 _ds. tgdrd

`rd. fer tgd gum`j fd`t ef mòjtòjojb Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r `s "beojbhejhdrjs" ` fd`t ejny ndss rdm`rlànd tg`j tgd eroboj`n fd`t ef

hrd`tojb tgdm os semdtgojb dxhdptoej`n* Oj bdjdr`n ot os trud tg`t

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semd rd`sej te lddp up tgd hejst`jt dxdrtoejs rdquordi ef tgdm oj

eridr te mòjtòj tgd m`stdry wgohg gì addj wej fer tgdm `ji

tr`jsmottdi te tgdm ay tgd poejddrs* Oj suhg h`sds ef rdvdrsoej.

tgd promdv`n st`td ef J`turd. `s ot w`s adferd M`j dvdr teel ot oj

g`ji. h`j ad sddj te-i`y jet mdrdny oj tgd morrer ef semd somon`r

podhd ef J`turd wgohg g`s g`ppdjdi te rdmòj oj ots vorboj st`td

aut ay iordht easdrv`toej ej tgd vdry spet wgohg g`s tdmper`rony

addj tgd shdjd ef ` sobj`n gum`j `hgodvdmdjt* Xuhg spdht`hnds. oj

wgohg tgd promdv`n st`td ef J`turd `ji tgd suasdqudjt werls ef

M`j `ji tgd dvdjtu`n rdvdrsoej ef J`turd te gdr promdv`n st`td

`rd `nn iospn`ydi tebdtgdr ej ejd spet nold bdeneboh`n str`t`. `rd

hdrtòjny merd strolojb. `s vosu`n idmejstr`toejs. tg`j tgd spdht`hnd

strolojb tgeubg tgos os ef tgd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd prdsdjt st`td

ef Dbypt `ji tgd prdsdjt st`td ef tgd A`gr-`n-Kà`n. oj wgohg tgd

twe eakdhts tg`t g`vd te ad areubgt ojte somunt`jdeus fehus nod

` tgeus`ji monds `p`rt* Rgdrd J`turd g`s `htu`nny rd`ssdrtdi gdr`shdji`jhy evdr semd spet tg`t g`s ejhd addj tgd aortg-pn`hd ef `

hovonoz`toej er tgd shdjd ef semd etgdr sobj`n gum`j `hgodvdmdjt.

ot os ompessoand te adgeni J`turd fnùjtojb gdr untom`td troumpgevdr tgdsd werls ef M`j `ji stonn te ieuat tg`t gdrd. `t `jy r`td.

tgd hejiotoejs oj wgohg tgesd gum`j werls wdrd pdrfermdi wdrd

jet ujusu`nny d`sy aut ujusu`nny ioffohunt* Rd wonn tgdrdferd try-

te hnojhg eur `rbumdjt ay p`ssojb ` fdw ojst`jhds efsuhg rdvdrsoejs

ujidr rdvodw*

Oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh`

Ejd rdm`rlànd ojst`jhd os tgd prdsdjt st`td ef tgd aortg-pn`hd ef

tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej* F`r ioffdrdjt frem tgd iylds `ji fodnis ef

Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r. wgohg `rd stonn adojb ldpt oj eridr ay M`j `ji

+Ger`hd. Dpostnds. Aeel O. Dp* x. 0* 19*




stonn iuny sdrvojb gos purpesd oj yodniojb gom ` novdnogeei. tgd

werls ef tgd M`y`s `rd je nejbdr "beojb hejhdrjs" te-i`y* Ygdor

send survovojb mejumdjts `rd tgd ruojs ef tgd ommdjsd `ji

m`bjofohdjtny idher`tdi puanoh auoniojbs wgohg jew st`ji. f`r`w`yfrem `jy prdsdjt gum`j gàot`toejs. oj tgd idptgs ef tgd trepoh`n

ferdst* Ygd ferdst. nold semd synv`j ae`-hejstrohter. g`s notdr`nny

sw`nnewdi tgdm up. `ji jew ot os iosmdmadrojb tgdm `t ots

ndosurd; prosojb tgdor fojd-gdwj. hnesd-nòi stejds `p`rt wotg ots

wrotgojb reets `ji tdjirons* Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd prdsdjt

`spdht ef tgd heujtry `ji tgd `spdht wgohg ot must g`vd werj wgdj

tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej w`s oj adojb os se brd`t tg`t ot os `nmest

adyeji om`boj`toej*

0 Ygdrd must g`vd addj ` tomd wgdj tgdsd

ommdjsd puanoh auoniojbs steei oj tgd gd`rt ef n`rbd `ji pepuneus

hotods. `ji wgdj tgesd hotods n`y oj tgd moist ef v`st strdthgds ef

huntov`tdi n`ji wgohg furjosgdi tgdm wotg tgdor feei-suppnods*

Ygd m`stdrpodhds ef M`y`j `rhgotdhturd wgohg `rd jew adojb

str`jbndi ay tgd ferdst must g`vd addj auont `s werls ef supdr-

dreb`toej wotg tgd surpnus ef `j djdrby wgohg. fer nd`buds `reuji.

gì `nrdìy tr`jsfermdi tgd ferdst ojte fruotfun fodnis* Ygdy wdrd

trepgods ef M`j"s vohtery evdr J`turd< `ji. `t tgd memdjt wgdj

tgdy wdrd ròsdi. tgd rdtrd`tojb frojbd ef tgd v`jquosgdi `ji reutdi

synv`j djdmy w`s pdrg`ps a`rdny vosoand ej tgd gerozej. dvdj frem

tgd gobgdst pn`tferms ef tgd p`n`hds er frem tgd summots ef tgd

tdmpnd-pyr`mois* Ye tgd gum`j adojbs wge neeldi eut evdr tgd

Rerni frem tgesd v`jt`bd-peojts tgdj. tgd vohtery ef M`j evdr

J`turd must g`vd sddmdi uttdrny sdhurd<`ji tgd tr`jsoterojhss ef

gum`j `hgodvdmdjts `ji tgd v`joty efgum`jwosgds `rd peobj`jtny

dxpesdi ay tgd untom`td rdturj ef tgd ferdst. djbunfojb forst tgd

fodnis `ji tgdj tgd geusds. `ji foj`nny tgd p`n`hds `ji tgd tdmpndstgdmsdnvds* _dt tg`t os jet tgd mest sobjofoh`jt er dvdj tgd mest

eavoeus ndssej te ad nd`rjt frem tgd prdsdjt st`td ef Hep`j er

Yol`n er S`ndjqud* Ygd ruojs spd`l stonn merd dnequdjtny ef tgd

ojtdjsoty ef tgd strubbnd wotg tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt wgohg tgd

hrd`ters ef tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej must g`vd w`bdi vohteroeusny oj

tgdor i`y* Oj gdr vdry rdvdjbd. wgohg rdvd`ns gdr oj `nn gdr brud-semd pewdr. Yrepoh`n J`turd tdstofods ujwonnojbny te tgd heur`bd

`ji tgd vobeur eftgd mdj wge ejhd. of ejny fer ` sd`sej. suhhddidioj puttojb gdr te

fnobgt `ji lddpojb gdr `t a`y*+

Mr. Quiy`ri Lopnojb oj gos idshroptoej ef "tgd Heni Nòrs" ; ` fohtotoeus Gojiu hoty wgohgtgd Ojio`j Kujbnd g`s sw`nnewdi up* 'Qdì tgd stery h`nndi "L``"s Gujtojb+ oj YgdKujbnd Aeel*/

+

.Sr- Dnnswertg Gujtojbtej subbdsts tg`t tgd J`turd wgem tgd f`tgdrs ef tgd M`y`j

Hovonoz`toej ejhd put te fnobgt w`s ` ioffdrdjt '`ji ndss fermoiànd/ `jt`bejost frem tgdJ`turd wge g`s sojhd bet tgd adttdr ef tgdsd mdj"s idshdji`jts oj tgd sdnfs`md rdboej.Fer Ir* Gujtojbtej"s gypetgdsos ef ` pdroeioh sgoftojb ef hnom`toh zejds. sdd OO* I 'voo/.@jjdx o. adnew+



W@@DOO@ Y@ L@@@4

Oj Hdynej

Rotg tgd s`md iuma dnequdjhd. tgd hrddpdr-hevdrdi ruojs ef

@jbler R`t tdstofy te tgd prewdss ef tgd mdj wge ejhd prep`b`tdi

tgd Gojiu Hovonoz`toej ej seon hejqudrdi frem tgd trepoh`n ferdst ef

H`maeio`< `ji tgd dqu`nny `riueus fd`t ef hejqudrojb tgd p`rhgdi

pnòjs ef Hdynej fer `brohunturd os hemmdmer`tdi oj tgd ard`hgdi

aujis `ji evdrbrewj fneers ef tgd t`jls wgohg wdrd ejhd hej-

struhtdi ej tgd wdt soid ef tgd gonn-heujtry. ej ` heness`n sh`nd. aytgd Xojg`ndsd hejvdrts te tgd Ojiod rdnoboej ef tgd Goj`y`j`*

+Ye rd`nosd gew suhg t`jls h`md ojte adojb ejd must ljew semdtgojbef tgd gostery ef N`jl`* Ygd oid` ujidrnyojb tgd systdm w`s sompnd aut

vdry brd`t* Ot w`s ojtdjidi ay tgd t`jl-auoniojb lojbs tg`t jejd ef tgdròj wgohg fdnn oj suhg àuji`jhd oj tgd meujtòjs sgeuni rd`hg tgd

sd` wotgeut p`yojb troautd te M`j ej tgd w`y*"Oj tgd moiind ef tgd seutgdrj g`nf ef Hdynej os ` woid meujtòj

ssejd. aut te tgd d`st `ji jertg iry pnòjs hevdr tgeus`jis ef squ`rd

monds. `ji `t prdsdjt `rd vdry sp`rsdny pepun`tdi* Oj tgd gdobgt ef tgd

mejseej. wgdj `rmods ef sterm-swdpt hneuis rusg ej i`y `ftdr i`y te

m`thg tgdor strdjbtg `bòjst tgd gonns. tgdrd os ` nojd ir`wj ay J`turd

tg`t tgd ròjs `rd ujànd te p`ss* * . * Ygdrd `rd peojts wgdrd tgd nojd ef

idm`rh`toej ef tgd twe zejds. tgd wdt `ji tgd iry. os se j`rrew tg`twotgoj ` mond ejd sddms te p`ss ojte ` jdw heujtry< fer tgd wgend

hg`r`htdr ef tgd ferdst `ntdrs. `ji oj sozd `ji loji `ji iostroautoej tgd

trdds ioffdr hempndtdny frem tgesd ejd h`j stonn sdd adgoji ejd* Ygd woni

fnewdrs t`ld jdw ferms `ji heneurs< ioffdrdjt aoris sojb oj tgd ausgds<

huntov`toej hg`jbds àruptny< `ji wd`ntg djis* Ygd nojd hurvds frem

sd` te sd` `ji `ppd`rs te ad stànd `ji uj`ffdhtdi ay tgd epdr`toejs ef

M`j. suhg `s fdnnojb ferdsts%0

_dt tgd mossoej`rods ef tgd Ojiod Hovonoz`toej oj Hdynej ejhd

`hgodvdi tgd teur idferhd ef hempdnnojb tgd mejseej-smottdj gobg-

n`jis wgdrd "ròj peurs iewj `t ` gobgdr r`td fer tgd mejtg tg`j

tgd ròjf`nn ef Nejiej fer tgd wgend ef ` vdry wdt yd`r"1

te bovd

w`tdr `ji nofd `ji wd`ntg te tgd pnòjs wgohg J`turd gì hej-

idmjdi te nod p`rhgdi `ji idsen`td*

"Gonn strd`ms wdrd t`ppdi `ji tgdor w`tdr buoidi ojte tgd bo`jt

ster`bd-t`jls adnew. semd ef tgdm feur tgeus`ji `hrds oj dxtdjt< `ji.

frem tgesd. hg`jjdns r`j ej te etgdr n`rbd t`jls f`rtgdr frem tgd gonns.

`ji frem tgdm te etgdrs stonn merd rdmetd* @ji adnew d`hg brd`t t`jl`ji d`hg brd`t hg`jjdn wdrd gujirdis ef nottnd t`jls. d`hg tgd juhndus

ef ` vonn`bd< `nn. oj tgd nejb-ruj. fdi frem tgd wdt meujtòj-zejd* Xe

brìu`nny tgd `jhodjt Xojg`ndsd hejqudrdi `nn. er jd`rny `nn. ef tgd

pnòjs tg`t `rd jew se dmpty ef mdj*"8

Ygd `riueusjdss ef tgd nàeur ef forst hejqudrojb `ji tgdj

+Xtonn. Kegj; Ygd Kujbnd Yoid 'Diojaurbg 0?83. An`hlweei/. pp* 29-)*

+Xtonn. ep* hot*. p* 29-

8 Xtonn: S- hnt - SS"




geniojb fer ` m`j-mìd hovonoz`toej tgdsd j`tur`nny a`rrdj `ji idse-

n`td pnòjs os idmejstr`tdi ay tgd twe eutst`jiojb fd`turds oj tgd

n`jish`pd ef Hdynej `t tgd prdsdjt i`y* Ygd forst fd`turd os tgd

rdn`psd ef tg`t ejhd orrob`tdi `ji huntov`tdi `ji pepun`tdi heujtry-soid ojte ots promdv`n a`rrdjjdss `ji idsen`toej upej tgd stepp`bd

ef tgd hejtojueus gum`j dxdrtoejs wgohg gì addj rdquordi oj

eridr te preiuhd `ji mòjtòj tgos mor`huneus tr`jsferm`toej ef

tgd f`hd ef J`turd*0 Ygd sdheji fd`turd os tgd `veoi`jhd ef tgdsd

idrdnoht pnòjs. wgohg wdrd ejhd tgd sd`t ef ` hovonoz`toej. ay eur

meidrj Rdstdrj heffdd `ji td` `ji ruaadr pn`jtdrs wge g`vd

hemd te Hdynej te m`ld tgdor fertujds tgdrd oj tgdsd n`ttdr i`ys*

Ej tgd forst ef tgdsd twepeojts.

tgdfennewojb tdstomejy

os

aerjd ay tgd meidrj Rdstdrj dydwotjdss wgem wd g`vd quetdi

`nrdìy;

+Ygd t`jl `bd djiurdi fer merd tg`j foftddj hdjturods. `ji tgdj tgd

kujbnd toid resd evdr ot `ji `nn sobjs er mdmery ef ot adh`md nest* *** Oj

tgd ferdst wgohg hevdrs tgd `jhodjt lojbiem. f`r frem tgd seujis efmdj.

ejd hemds upej tgd aujis ef t`jls. jew uttdrny ferbettdj. wgdrd tgd

a`jls g`vd bovdj w`y `ji tgd adis adhemd nold j`tur`n bnìds fer iddr

te br`zd oj. ***

"O ljew \`] hoty * * * \wgohg] nods adnew tgd auji ef `j djermeus t`jlwgesd `rd` m`y wdnn g`vd addj tgeus`jis ef `hrds. fer tgd auji os monds

nejb* Aut jew tgd vdry j`md ef tgd t`jl os nest. fer tgd auji aurst

gujirdis ef yd`rs `be `ji ots adi os aut ` new-nyojb rdboej oj tgd

ujareldj ferdst. ` iddpdr `rd` `moi tgd sd` ef trdds* Ygd ejny j`md ot

jew ad`rs os ` Y`mon ejd md`jojb Y`jl ef tgd Brd`t Ard`hg* @t `

w`tdrgend oj ` rehl oj tgd adi ef tg`t t`jl O s`w ` ad`r steep `ji irojl.`ji ot w`s huroeus te tgojl gew gd seubgt fer tg`t sm`nn gend ef st`bj`jt

w`tdr. `s fer ` r`rd trd`surd. oj ` pn`hd tg`t fer m`jy hdjturods w`s `t

tgd aettem ef `j ojn`ji sd` wgdrd w`vds areld `ji pdnoh`js sòndi ojfnddts* Merd tg`j `jytgojb dnsd. ot areubgt gemd te md mest vovoinygew arodf gì addj tgd `bd ef t`jls oj tgd nejb gostery ef tgd kujbnd*Fer ` monnoej yd`rs `jom`ns ir`jl frem tg`t j`rrew gend< tgdj. fer `tgeus`ji yd`rs. tgd rehl. gend `ji `nn. w`s ujidrjd`tg tgd w`vds< `jijew tgd kujbnd irojls `bòj wgdrd `jom`ns ir`jl wgdj M`j usdi stejd

`rrewgdìs. `ji adferd gd ojvdjtdi tgdm. `ji adferd J`turd ojvdjtdigom*"1

Ygd sdheji fd`turd oj tgd prdsdjt n`jish`pd ef Hdynej wgohg

idmejstr`tds tgd `riueusjdss ef tgd fd`t wgohg tgd `jhodjt+ Ygd hùsd eftgd ard`liewj ef tgd `jhodjt Xojg`ndsd orrob`toej systdm w`s `j ojhdftQ-

ZKYo -yZYZVY07 w` i+5

in4j mdrhdj`rods frem Xeutgdrj Ojio`* Ygdsd

mdrhdj`rods idnoadr`tdny hut tgd h`j`ns `ji ard`hgdi tgd aujis `s ` sgert hut te monot`ryidhosoejs< `ji dvdjtu`nny tgos wonn te idstrey evdrh`md tgd wonn te rdpòr* Ygdrdwotg tgdpnòjs jet ejnywdjt;eut;ef huntov`toejtgreubgtgdstepp`bdef tgd w`tdr-suppny. aut gdyZse

adh`md get-adis ef m`n`ro` wgdj tgd rujjojb w`tdrs iwojindi ojte st`bj`jt peenjwgohg wdrd tee sg`nnew te g`raeur tgd fosg tg`t novd ay

ES- hot*. pp* 22 `ji 2? `ji 0 00-08*



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 2

Xojg`ndsd auji-auonidrs tdmper`rony `hhempnosgdi os tgd `veoi`jhd

ef tgd idrdnoht pnòjs ay eur meidrj Rdstdrj pn`jtdrs wge g`vd

ojtdrdstdi tgdmsdnvds oj Hdynej jet oj eridr te prep`b`td ` hovonoz`-

toej tgdrd aut oj eridr tebdt

rohgquohl*

"Ot os ` huroeus f`ht tg`t *** tgd aunl ef tgd pepun`toej `ji mest ef tgd

wd`ntg g`vd addj feuji ej tgd wdt soid ef tgd nojd iurojb tgd feur

hdjturods ef Durepd`j rund+ *** Ye m`ld mejdy. ejd st`ys `s ` rund ejtgd wdt soid. aut te sdd tgd ruojs ef tdmpnds er mej`stdrods. ef p`n`hds er

djbojddrojb werls. ejd must be te tgd iry soid ef tgd nojd*0

* * * Fer tgd

gonns wgdrd wd brew td` `ji ruaadr \tgd `jhodjt Xojg`ndsd] ioi jet h`rd*

Fdw `jhodjt rdmòjs `rd te ad feuji `mejb tgdm. `ji tgd ferdsts wdfeuji tgdrd. `ji idstreydi. wdrd ef ommdjsd `bd `ji preaàny ef trud

vorboj brewtg* * * *

Must ejd ad r`jldi `s eppesdi te hovonoz`toej of ejdprdfdrs tgd iry `ji tgojny pepun`tdi soid ef tgd mejseej"s frejtodr te

tgd prespdreus `ji wdt ejd5 Yg`t os ` qudstoej O foji ot ompessoand te

`jswdr wotgeut forst sdttnojb wg`t tgd weri hovonoz`toej md`js*"1

Ygd orrdfutànd tdstomejy ef tgd rdturj ef J`turd os rdpd`tdidvdj wgdrd tgdrd `rd je stupdjieus ruojs te werl upej eur

om`boj`toej* Rd m`y pdrhdovd ot oj tgd n`st `bejods ef tgd peer

vonn`bd oj tgd kujbnd `s wotjdss tgd fennewojb p`ss`bd frem `

meidrj Rdstdrj werl ef fohtoej oj wgohg tgd shdjd ef `htoej os

noldwosd Hdynej;

+Ygh yd`rs gì areubgt merd dvon. id`tg `ji idh`y upej tgd vonn`bd*

* * * Iosd`sd `ji gujbdr vosotdi ot yd`r `ftdr yd`r* Ot sddmdi. `s tgd

gdìm`j sòi. te g`vd addj ferbettdj ay beis `ji mdj* _d`r `ftdr yd`r.

tgd ròjs frem tgd jertg-d`st p`ssdi ot ay< ejny tgd suj ad`t iewj merd

potondssny. `ji tgd woji re`rdi evdr ot `hress tgdkujbnd <tgd nottnd p`thgds

ef hgdj` hrep wgohg tgd vonn`bdrs trodi te huntov`td wotgdrdi `s seej `s

tgd yeujb sgeets sgewdi àevd tgd breuji* Je m`j. tr`vdnndr er

gdìm`j er trìdr. dvdr h`md te tgd vonn`bd jew* Je ejd treuandi `jy

nejbdr te hnd`r tgd tr`hl wgohg ndi te ot<tgdkujbnd hevdrdi ot `ji hut tgd

vonn`bd eff* * * *

"Ygdy strubbndi g`ri `bòjst tgd f`td tg`t gujb evdr tgdm. hnojbojb

te tgd pn`hd wgdrd tgdy gì addj aerj `ji novdi. tgd hempeuji tgdy

ljdw. `ji tgd stdrond hgdj`s wgohg tgdy gì sewj* Je hgonirdj wdrd

aerj te tgdm jew oj tgdor gut. tgdor wemdj wdrd `s stdrond `s tgd d`rtg <

tgd hgonirdj tg`t gì addj aerj te tgdm iodi ef w`jt `ji fdvdr* @t n`st

+ Ygos bdebr`pgoh`n sdbrdb`toej ef tgd fodnis ef tgd `jhodjt ojiobdjeus `ji tgd meidrj

Durepd`j djtdrprosd oj Hdynej g`s ots `j`nebud oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh`. wgdrd tgd meidrjXp`josg henejosts g`vd somon`rny ldpt hnd`r ef tgd pnòjs wgohg wdrd ejhd tgd sd`t ef

tgd M`y`j hunturd. `ji g`vd dstànosgdi tgdmsdnvds oj tgd gobgn`jis wgohg wdrd ndft

ujehhupodi ay aetg tgd f`tgdrs `ji tgd hgonirdj ef tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej* 'Xdd

ON H 'oo/ '`/ 1. ven* o. p* 862. àevd. `ji OO* I'u/. pp* 89-Z6. adnew*/ Oj tgos hejjdxoej.

ot os omm`tdro`n tg`t. oj hejtr`st te tgd hnom`toh hejiotoejs oj Hdynej. tgd Hdjtr`n

@mdroh`j pnòjs `rd rdn`tovdny wdt `ji tgd Hdjtr`n @mdroh`j gobgn`jis rdn`tovdny iry<

fer wgdrd`s. oj Hdynej. `j àuji`jhd ef ròj `fferis dhejemoh d`sd wgond ` sh`rhoty

idm`jis dhejemoh dffert. oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh` tgd rdn`toejs ef dhejemoh dffdht te hnom`toh

hùsd `rd kust tgd ojvdrsd. ewojb te tgd ojvdrsd herrdn`toej adtwddj hnom`td `ji

n`jish`pd*@*O*Y*

+Xtonn. ep* `t*. pp* 24-6 `ji 22 `ji ?1.




tgdy yodnidi te tgd kujbnd* Ygdy p`hldi up tgdor fdw pessdssoejs `ji

ndft tgd vonn`bd fer dvdr* * * *

"Ygdy trodi te ojiuhd Sujhgo Mdjol` te be wotg tgdm. aut sgd rdfusdi*

* * * Ygd ejny tgojb ndft te gdr w`s tgd hempeuji `ji tgd kujbnd wgohg

sgd ljdw* Xgd hnujb te ot p`ssoej`tdny. anojiny* * * *

"Ygd kujbnd surbdi ferw`ri evdr `ji anettdi eut tgdvonn`bd up te tgd

vdry w`nns ef gdr gut* Xgd je nejbdr hnd`rdi tgd hempeuji er mdjiditgd fdjhd. tgd kujbnd hnesdi evdr tgdm `s ot gì hnesdi evdr tgd etgdr

guts `ji hempeujis. evdr tgd p`tgs `ji tr`hls* Ots ard`tg w`s get `ji

gd`vy oj tgd gut otsdnf. wgohg ot omprosejdi oj ots w`nn. strdthgojb `w`yujareldj fer monds* Dvdrytgojb dxhdpt tgd nottnd gut wotg rettojb w`nns

`ji areldj t`ttdrdi reef gì bejd iewj adferd ot* Ot hnesdi wotg ots

sgruas `ji ausgds `ji trdds. wotg tgd ompdjdtrànd ioseridr ef ots tgerjs

`ji hrddpdrs. evdr tgd rohd-fodnis `ji tgd t`jls* Ejny ` nottnd gennewojbef tgd breuji wgdrd tgd trdds steei oj w`tdr wgdj ròj fdnn. `ji ` nejbnottnd meuji wgohg tgd ròjs w`sgdi eut `ji tgd dndpg`jts tr`mpndiiewj. m`rldi tgd pn`hd wgdrd adferd gì nòj tgd t`jl `ji ots n`ji*

Ygd vonn`bd w`s ferbettdj. ot ios`ppd`rdi ojte tgd kujbnd frem wgohg ot

gì sprujb. `ji wotg ot sgd w`s hut eff. ferbettdj* Ot w`s `s of sgd w`stgd n`st pdrsej ndft oj tgd Rerni. ` werni ef ujdjiojb trdds àevd wgohgtgd woji re`rdi `nw`ys `ji tgd Xuj an`zdi* * * *

"Aut nofd os vdry sgert oj tgd kujbnd* Sujhgo Mdjol` w`s `

vdryeni

wem`j adferd sgd w`s ferty* Xgd je nejbdr sewdi bròj. sgd novdi ejnyej tgd reets `ji nd`vds tg`t sgd b`tgdrdi* Ygd pdrpdtu`n gujbdr w`stdigdr snewny. `ji wgdj tgd ròjs h`md sgd n`y sgovdrojb wotg fdvdr oj tgdgut* @t n`st tgd tomd h`md wgdj gdr strdjbtg fòndi gdr< sgd n`y oj tgdgut ujànd te ir`b gdrsdnf eut te sd`rhg fer feei* Ygd ford oj tgd herjdrtg`t gì smeunidrdi se nejb adtwddj tgd tgrdd brd`t stejds w`s eut*Oj tgd i`y tgd get òr diiodi tgreubg tgd gut. get wotg tgd ard`tg ef tgdwoji anewojb evdr tgd v`st p`rhgdi kujbnd <

`t jobgt sgd sgovdrdi oj tgdhgonn idw* Xgd w`s iyojb. `ji tgd kujbnd ljdw ot< ot os

`nw`ys wòtojb<h`j sh`rhdny wòt fer id`tg* Rgdj tgd dji w`s hnesd upej gdr ` brd`tan`hl

sgìew< bnoidi ojte tgd ieerw`y* Ywe nottnd dyds twojlndi `t gdr

stdìony. twe ommdjsd wgotd tusls hurndi up bnd`mojb `bòjst tgd i`rl-jdss* Xgd s`t up. fd`r h`md upej gdr. tgd fd`r ef tgdkujbnd. anoji `bejos-

ojb fd`r*ft

@ppehghgo. @ppehghgo! sgd shrd`mdi* Gd g`s hemd. tgd idvonfrem tgd ausg* Gd g`s hemd fer md `s yeu sòi* @oye! s`vd md. s`vd md!@ppehghgo!

"@s sgd fdT a`hl. tgd brd`t ae`r brujtdi seftny. `jibnoidi

nold `sgìew tew`ris gdr ojte tgd gut* 5O

@s tgd rdìdr hnesds tgd aeel. gd spdhun`tds ej tgd md`jojb eftgd t`nd wgohg g`s tgos

djiojb* Ygreubgeut tgdstery. tgd wrotdr

g`s ir`wj oj fer us. streld ay streld. gos pohturd ef tgd kujbnd `s` sojostdr ad`st ef prdy wgohg ejny novds ots ewj nofd oj eridr te

" X " ; Ygd Vonn`7d oj ++ ZjbT 'Nejiej "8* Aiw`ri



W@@DT@ Y@ L@@@ ?

arojb gum`j nofd te idstruhtoej ` synv`j heujtdrp`rt te tgd

`jom`tdi sldndtej wgohg os eur om`bd ef Id`tg*

Gùi obotur ndto pr`dhnus` dst o`mo` h`dne

jdd seno tdrr`dqud jdqud `ntos `dqueros ujios.sdi p`tdt omm`jd dt v`ste rdspdht`t go`tu* 0

Tjidr tgd sgìew ef tgos ojgum`j mejstdr. dvdr w`thgojb `ji

wòtojb wotg ` nddr ej ots eashdjd heujtdj`jhd tonn ot fojis ots

eppertujoty te hnesd oj upej ots vohtom. tgd gum`j nofd ef tgd peer

vonn`bdrs sddms ujad`ràny wrdthgdi* * Ygd eiis `bòjst tgdm `rd

se gd`vy <tgd prdssurd upej tgdm os se brojiojb <

weuni ot jet g`vd

addj adttdr fer tgdm jdvdr te g`vd addj aerj 5 @ji ydt tgd stery ef

tgdor novds. `s ot os teni ay tgd ùtger oj tgos pòjfun sdttojb. os

ujieuatdiny wertg tgdtdnnojb* Rd rdì tgd t`nd te tgd dji `ji

fddn tg`t tgdsd novds g`vd jet addj novdi fer jetgojb. dvdj tgeubg`t n`st tgd kujbnd evdrwgdnms tgdm* Rg`t os tgd sobjofoh`jhd `ji

tgd ojtdrdst ef tgdm5 Sdrg`ps ot os tg`t tgd hrudn `ji ujhd`sojb

strubbnd wotg tgd kujbnd. wgohg `t forst sobgt sddms `nmest te iovdst

tgdm ef tgdor gum`joty te idbrìd tgdm te tgd ndvdn ef tgd ad`sts

tg`t pdrosg1er ef tgd hrddpojb tgojbs tg`t hrddp upej tgd d`rtg8

suatny

rdvd`ns tgdm oj `jetgdrnobgt

te tgd ojw`ridyd*

Of tgdkujbnd

os ` m`ndvendjt ad`st ef prdy. tgdj tgd vonn`bdrs wge g`vd feubgt ot

wotg tgdor a`rd g`jis `rd gdreds wgesd stery os `j dpoh* Rotgeut

tgd kujbnd tgd vonn`bd heuni g`riny g`vd rosdj te ad ` tgdmd fer

notdr`turd* @ji wgdj tgd kujbnd sw`nnews tgd vonn`bd up. wd rd`nozd

oj rdtrespdht tg`t wd g`vd addj rdìojb ` t`nd ef gum`j prewdsswgohg surp`ssds tgd t`nd teni ay tgd ruojs ef @jbler R`t*

Oj tgd Jertg @rào`j Idsdrt

@ hdndar`tdi `ji ojiddi `nmest g`hljdydi onnustr`toej ef eur

tgdmd os tgd prdsdjt st`td ef Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` ` spdht`hnd wgohg

g`s ojspordi ` wgend sdrods ef meidrj Rdstdrj dss`ys oj tgd

pgonesepgy ef gostery. frem Nds Quojds+ ejw`ris* Ye-i`y. tgdsd

fermdr gemds ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej `rd oj tgd s`md st`td `s tgd

fermdr gemds ef tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej `t Hep`j `ji Yol`n. `ji

tgdor mejumdjts `stejosg `ji hejfeuji tgd spdht`ter fer tgd s`md

rd`sej* Ygd p`r`nndn os ojiddi dx`ht. dxhdpt tg`t gestond J`turd os

+Nuhrdtous. Id Qdrum J`tur`. Aeel V. 00* 828-4*

+ Ss`nm xnox. w* 01 `ji 13*

8 Ndvotohus xo* 1?*9 Venjdy. H* F*. Hemtd id; Nds Qoijds. eu Mdiot`toej sur nds Qdvenutoejs ids Dmpords

'xst diotoej. S`ros 02?0/* Fer `j `ttr`htovd bdjdr`n `heujt ef tgd h`r`v`j hotods wgohg

os a`sdi upej forst-g`ji `ji rdhdjt `rhg`deneboh`n rdsd`rhg. dspdho`nny `t Iur`. sdd

Qestevtzdtt. M*; H`r`v`jZHottdsZ 'Exferi 0?81. Hn`rdjiej Srdss/* FerZSdtr` sdd `nse

`nmyrd

'S`ros 0?80. Vroj/ `ji S`rtshg. K*; S>

Xotzujbsadjhgtd @l* Ndopzob. aeiv '0?11/*




rdprdsdjtdi gdrd ay tgd @fr`so`j Xtdppd ojstdì ef tgd trepoh`n

ferdst*0

Gdrd. tee. wd sdd tgd ruojs ef gubd `ji spndjioi puanoh

auoniojbs wgohg `rd noldwosd idsen`td `ji noldwosd osen`tdi frem tgdjd`rdst prdsdjt gum`j gàot`toejs ay m`jy nd`buds ef surreujiojb

wonidrjdss tgd @fr`so`j wonidrjdss ef iry rehl `ji br`vdn `ji

s`ji wgohg os jet ndss feraoiiojb tg`j tgd trepoh`n wonidrjdss ef

seiidj `ji m`ttdi vdbdt`toej* Ygd idsdrt g`s sw`nnewdi up Sdtr`

`ji S`nmyr`. `s tgd ferdst g`s sw`nnewdi up Yol`n `ji Hep`j <`ji

gdrd. `bòj. tgd ruojs survovd te peojt ` hejtr`st adtwddj prdsdjt`ji p`st wgohg os se brd`t `s te ad `nmest ujom`bojànd*Ygd ruojs tdnn us tg`t tgdsd dnàer`td tdmpnds `ji pertoheds `ji

temas. `t tgd tomd wgdj tgdy steei ojt`ht. must g`vd addj erj`-

mdjts ef hotods wgohg rov`nndi tgd M`y`j hotods oj wd`ntg `ji

pepun`toej <`ji gdrd tgd idiuhtoejs frem tgd dvoidjhd ef @rhg`de-

neby. wgohg `rd eur send md`js ef hempesojb ` pohturd ef tgd

M`y`j Hovonoz`toej. `rd rdojferhdi ay tgd wrottdj tdstomejy ef

gosteroh`n rdheris* Ygd dhejemoh feuji`toejs ej wgohg tgd wd`ntg

`ji pepun`toej ef Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` wdrd suppertdi `rh jet

m`ttdrs ef hejkdhturd* Rd ljew tg`t tgd gosteroh`n poejddrs ef tgd

Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej wge hejkurdi tgdsd hotods up eut ef tgd idsdrtwdrd m`stdrs ef tgd m`boh wgohg tgd Xyro`h Mytgeneby `ttroautds

te Mesds*

Ygdsd m`boho`js ljdw gew te arojb w`tdr eut eftgd iry rehl `jigew te foji tgdor w`y `hress tgd ujtreiidj wonidrjdss* Oj tgdor

promd. Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` steei oj tgd moist ef orrob`tdi b`ridjsnold tgesd wgohg stonn surreuji I`m`shus te-i`y er tgesd wgohg tgd

Srepgdt Mug`mmì idpohts oj tgd Pur"`j wgdjdvdr gd wosgds te

dveld oj tgd mojis ef tgd fòtgfun `j om`bd ef S`rìosd< aut Sdtr`

`ji S`nmyr` ioi jet novd tgdj. `jy merd tg`j I`m`shus novds

te-i`y. dxhnusovdny er dvdj projhop`nny ej tgd fruots ef tgdor j`rrew-

vdrbdi e`sds*1 Ygdor rohg mdj wdrd jet tgdor m`rldt-b`ridjdrs aut

tgdor mdrhg`jts. wge ldpt e`sos oj hemmujoej wotg e`sos. `jihejtojdjt wotg hejtojdjt. ay ` ausy h`r`v`j-tr`ffoh frem peojt te

peojt `hress tgd ojtdrvdjojb tr`hts ef stdppd `ji idsdrt ; br`vdnnyg`mì `ji s`jiy j`fui* Ygd Jà`t`d`js ef Sdtr`. epdr`tojb tgdtr`js-idsdrt reutd frem tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j perts ef Xyro` te tgd

Ehd`j perts ef tgd _`m`j. hempdtdi wotg tgd Brddl sd`mdj ef@ndx`jiro` fer tgd trìd adtwddj tgd Qem`j Dmpord `ji Ojio`<

4

Gno 1+ 4455+ZoX7+300 sddls te dxpnòj tgd rosd `ji f`nn ef Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr`*

onZkv o Z -f +

Zr2Z" ay

.gos Ztgdsos ef ` pdroeioh sgoftojb eo"hgm`toh zejds* Fer gos `ppnoh`toej ef tgd gypetgdsos te tgd h`sd ef S`nmyr`. sdh S`n`tojd

Ir w 0ZZZ`fte0

tejiej%?oo. Hejstànd/. hg* xv* Fer ` bdjdr`n ioshowuoej ef

Af"IZXZXX O5XeZj gySetg ++ +: tgd gosterods ef

hovonoz`toejs. `hd

1 Ygd s`md peojt os mìd `prepes ef Kdr`sg 'Bdr`s`/ ay QestevtzhfF oj ep* dot ejpp: 62~7 " 8 Xdd Qestevtzdff. ep* it. pp* )6-2*



W@@DY0@ Y@ L@@@ jtgd S`nmyrhjds. epdr`tojb tgd tr`js-idsdrt reutd frem Xyro` te

"Or`q. vortu`nny mejepenozdi tgd trìd adtwddj tgd Qem`j Dmpord`ji tgesd rdboejs nyojb d`st ef ot wgohg wdrd rundi suhhdssovdny

aytgd @rs`hois `ji tgd

X`s`jois*

0

Ygd dhejemoh hejtren ef trìd-reutds areubgt penotoh`n pewdr oj ots tròj< `ji tgd Jà`t`d`j

Lojbiem. dxtdjiojb frem Xojò te I`m`shus `ji frem Y`ym` te

Addrsgda`. r`jldi `s ejd ef tgd projhop`n hnodjt-st`tds ef Qemdadferd ots `jjdx`toej ay Yr`k`j*

1 @s fer S`nmyr`.8

iurojb tgesd

idhìds ef tgd tgori hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr` wgdj tgd Qem`j

Dmpord w`s prestr`tdi ay ` p`r`nytoh streld prdmejotery ef ots

hemojb iossenutoej. Puddj [djeao` suhhddidi memdjt`rony. adferd

@urdno`j h`rrodi gdr h`ptovd. oj

runojb

frem tgd

S`nmyrdjde`sos

` prdm`turd `ji àertovd "suhhdsser-st`td" wgohg `jtohop`tdi. ayfeur hdjturods. tgd projhop`noty ef tgd H`nopg Mu"`wny`g*

9

Xuhg wdrd tgd `hgodvdmdjts ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej ujidr tgd

stomunus ef tgd idsdrt* @ji tgd ruojs ef Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr`. oj

tdstofyojb. `s tgdy st`ji. te tgd foj`n vohtery ef tgd idsdrt evdr M`j.`nse tdstofy. ay tgd sdnfs`md pesturd. te tgd prdvoeus vohtery ef

M`j evdr tgd idsdrt* Xojhd tgd i`y wgdj tgd Xyro`h Xehodtyevdrhemd ay tgd prdssurd ef tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt oj tgd sg`pdef tgd Qem`j Dmpord

4 rdn`xdi ots brop upej tgd pgysoh`n djvorej-

mdjt `t tgdsd twe peojts `ji `nnewdi tgd idsdrt te g`vd ots w`ywotg Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` `bòj. je etgdr sehodty g`s dvdr `ttdmptdite rdpd`t tgd `hgodvdmdjt ef tgd Xyro`h poejddrs ay rdh`nnojb dotgdr

ef tgdsd idì hotods te nofd* Ygd `ttdmpt g`s jet dvdj addj mìd upte tgd prdsdjt ay Rdstdrj djtdrprosd. tgeubg oj eur i`y wd iospesd

+ Xdh QestevtshfF. ep* hot.. pp* 031-9*" ` Ygd Jà`t`d`j rdbomd oj tgos rdboej n`stdi `ntebdtgdr fer jd`rny tgrdd hdjturods.

adbojjojb horh` 069 A*H* 'Qesteytzdff. ep* hot*. p* 43/*8 S`nmyr` os rust gd`ri ef oj 90 A*H* 'QestevtzdfY. ep* hot*. p* 010/* Ygd d`rnodst

dxt`jt S`nmyrhjh ojshroptoej w`s hut oj 7 A h* 'FdVrodr. ep* hot*. p* 6/*, Xdh ven* o. p* 29. àevd. feetjetd 9* Ot m`y ad jetdi tg`t wgond tgd Jà`t`d`j

hnodjt-sn`td ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord w`s a`sdi ej tgd sojbnd e`sos ef Sdtr` `ji [djeao`"s

àeotovh "suhhdsser-st`td" ej tgd sojbnd e`sos ef S`nmyr`. tgd suhhdssoun "suhhdsser-st`td"

wgohg w`s dstànosgdi er usurpdi ay Mu"`woy`g w`s a`sdi ej ` pòr ef e`sds; tgesd

ef Mdioj` `ji Mdhh`* Ygd penotoh`n ujoej ef tgdsd twe e`sds w`s tgd suprdmd penotoh`n

`hgodvdmdjt ef Mug`mmì* Oj `hgodvojb ot. gd nòi tgd feuji`toejs ef ` st`td wgohg

brdw. forst ojte ` "suhhdsser-st`td" ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord oj ots Xyro`h prevojhds. `ji tgdj

mte ` rdojthbr`toej er rdsumptoej ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td wgohg gì addj auont

ay tgd @hg`dmdjois `ji evdrtgrewj ay @ndx`jidr tgd Brd`t* 'Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o.

pp* 28-2. àevd*/

4 Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` d`hg resd oj turj te brd`tjdss ay fojiojb pn`hds fer tgdmsdnvdsoj tgd ojtdrstohds adtwddj tgd iemojoejs ef mutu`nny gestond Brd`t Sewdrs wgesd

gestonoty w`s tee brd`t te ìmot ef tgdor hemojb te ` iordht ujidrst`jiojb wotg d`hg

etgdr. wgond ot w`s jet brd`t djeubg te irovd tgdm ojte ferbeojb tgd ìv`jt`bd ef ieojbausojdss wotg ejd `jetgdr ojiordhtny tgreubg tgd `bdjhy ef hemmdrho`n be-adtwddjswge weuni `nse sdrvd `s penotoh`n auffdrs* Sdtr` resd oj tgos w`y oj `j ojtdrstohd adtwddj

tgd Xdnhuhoi `ji tgd Stendmòh "suhhdsser-st`td+ ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord< S`nmyr`

resd oj `j ojtdrstohd adtwddj tgd Qem`j Dmpord `ji tgd @rs`hoi Sewdr* Sdtr` w`s

ieemdi wgdj tgd Qem`j Dmpord suppn`jtdi aetg tgd Xdnduhoi `ji tgd Stendmòh Sewdr

`nold< S`nmyr` w`s ieemdi wgdj tgd idh`y ef tgd @rs`hoi`d ndft Qemd memdjt`rony

wotgeut ` rov`n oj tgos qu`rtdr noldwosd pdjiojb tgd rosd ef tgd X`s`joi`d* 'Xdd furtgdr

Qestevtzdff. ep* hot*. pp* 16-84*/




ef tdhgjoh`n f`honotods wgohg tgd Jà`t`d`js `ji tgd @r`m`d`js

jdvdr ird`mdi ef; `rtdso`j wdnns tg`t h`j t`p suatdrr`jd`j w`tdr-

suppnods quotd adyeji tgd rd`hg efpohls er tgd ldj efiovojojb-reis <

`ji pdtren-irovdj sox-wgddndi meter-h`rs wgohg h`j tr`vdrsdoj `

i`y ` tr`ht ef idsdrt wgohg os ` wddl"s keurjdy fer ` h`mdn* 0 Ygus

tgd ruojdi mejumdjts `ji tgd irodi-up e`sds `ji tgd à`jiejdi

h`r`v`j-reutds ef Sdtr` `ji S`nmyr` idhn`rd ujmost`làny. te tgd

easdrvdr wge hejsoidrs tgdm te-i`y. ` f`ht wgohg os jet rdvd`ndi oj

tgesd nevdny b`ridjs tg`t `rd stonn w`tdrdi ay tgd rovdrs ef I`m`s-

hus ; tgd f`ht tg`t tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt oj wgohg tgd Xyro`h

Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg w`s jet ujusu`nny d`sy aut. ej tgd

hejtr`ry.

w`sujusu`nny

ioffohunt fer M`j te m`stdr*

Ej D`stdr Osn`ji

Oj ` ioffdrdjt djvorejmdjt `bòj. wd m`y ir`w ` herrdspejiojb

hejhnusoej hejhdrjojb tgd erobojs ef tgd Senyjdso`j Hovonoz`toej1

frem tgd prdsdjt st`td ef D`stdr Osn`ji* 8 @t tgd tomd ef ots ioshevdry

ay meidrj Rdstdrj dxpnerdrs. D`stdr Osn`ji w`s ojgàotdi ay twe

r`hds ; ` r`hd ef fndsg-`ji-aneei `ji ` r`hd ef stejd<`j `pp`rdjtny

promotovd gum`j pepun`toej ef Senyjdso`j pgysoqud. `ji ` gobgny

`hhempnosgdi pepun`toej ef st`tuds* Ygd novojb ojgàot`jts oj tg`t

bdjdr`toej pessdssdi jdotgdr tgd `rt ef h`rvojb st`tuds suhg `s tgdsd

jer tgd shodjhd ef j`vob`tojb tgd tgeus`ji monds ef epdj sd` tg`t

sdp`r`td D`stdr Osn`ji frem tgd jd`rdst sostdr-osn`ji ef tgd Seny-jdso`j @rhgopdn`be* Adferd ots ioshevdry ay tgd sd`mdj eftgd Rdst.D`stdr Osn`ji gì addj osen`tdi frem tgd rdst ef tgd Rerni fer `j

ujljewj ndjbtg ef tomd* _dt ots iu`n pepun`toej ef fndsg `ji stejd

tdstofods. kust `s hnd`rny `s tgd ruojs ef S`nmyr` er Hep`j. te `

v`josgdi p`st wgohg must g`vd addj uttdrny ioffdrdjt frem tgdvosoand prdsdjt*

Ygesd gum`j adojbs must g`vd addj adbettdj. `ji tgesd foburdsmust g`vd addj h`rvdi. ay Senyjdso`j j`vob`ters wge ejhd feujitgdor w`y `hress tgd S`hofoh te D`stdr Osn`ji oj fnomsy epdj h`jeds.

0 Oj tgd yd`r 0?83 ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. tgd meter-h`r `ji tgd `rth`wm wdnn wdrd adojbusdi ay ejd brd`t m`j wge w`s jet ` Rdstdrjdr aut `j @rà LojL "@ai-`n-"@zfh @Oa` ui ef tgd J`ki-Gok`zoj eridr te rd`ssdrt M`j"s `shdji`jhy evdr J`turd oj ejd ef

@ Zrrferaniin

5Xted++ ef tgd @fr`so`j Xtdppd. j`mdny Hdjtr`n @rào`* Rotg tgd

òi enRdstdrj tdhgjoqud. Oaj X` ui w`s dvelojb. oj ` rdboej wgohg gì prdvoeusny addjutonozdi fer jetgojb adttdr tg`j tgd r`jbds ef p`ster`n Jemìs. ` jdw werni ef orrob`tdi

e`sds. nojldi tebdtgdr ay tr`js-idsdrt reutds wgohg sdrvdi tgd iu`n purpe`h ef hemmdrhd`ji bevdrjmdjt* Ygd dmpord rundi ay tgd R`ggào Lojb frem Qoyì premosdi. of ot

djiurdi. te rdpreiuhd `t n`st. oj tgd twdjtodtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgmto`j Dr`. `j om`bd eftgd dmpurds wgohg gì ejhd addj rundi ay Lojb ft`rotg frem Sdtr` `ji ay Puddj[djeao` frem S`nmyr`* 'Xdd Qog`jo @mddj; Oaj X`"eui ef @rào`; Got Sdepf+ `ji gotN`ji 'Nejiej 0?17

Hejstànd/<Sgnnay. G* Xt* K* A*; @rào` ef tgd R`ggào+ 'Nejiej

0?17. Hejstànd/. `ji @rào` 'Nejiej 0?83. Adjj/*/

8 fr)dZ7tdi SenZN

dso`j Hovonoz`toej. sdd furtgdr S`rt OOO* @. adnew*

+jG YZ 50 76"

X.V

YgZM&Z +f D+t+r Osn`ji 'Nejiej O ?+?. Xoftej Sr`hi/<`ji Arewj. K* M`hmonn`j; Ygd Qoiind ef tgd S`hofoh 'Nejiej 0?19. Fo`gdr Tjwoj/.



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@08

wotgeut hg`rt er hemp`ss `ji wotg je etgdr meter-pewdr tg`j tgd

woji adgoji tgdor tojy sòns `ji tgd gum`j mushun`r ferhd tg`t

pnodi tgdor pìinds* @ji tgos vey`bd h`j g`riny g`vd addj `j

osen`tdi ìvdjturdwgohg areubgt ejd ae`t-neì ef Senyjdso`j

poejddrs te D`stdr Osn`ji ay ` streld ef nuhl tg`t w`s jet rdpd`tdi<fer ej tg`t suppesotoej ot weuni rd`nny ad ompessoand te `hheujt

aetg fer tgd prdsdjhd ef tgd pepun`toej ef st`tuds `ji fer tgd

ojàonoty ef tgd n`ttdr-i`y pepun`toej ef gum`j adojbs te h`rvd

tgdm* Ygd `rt ef shunpturd must g`vd addj areubgt te D`stdr

Ksn`ji ay tgd poejddrs. `ji nest ej D`stdr Osn`ji ay tgdor idshdj-

i`jts. tebdtgdr wotg tgd `rt ef j`vob`toej* Ygd rdn`psd ef tgdsd

iost`jt henejosts frem tgd huntur`n ndvdn ef tgd

Senyjdso`j Xehodtydnsdwgdrd must g`vd addj iud te tgd ard`lojb ef tgdor hejt`ht wotg

tgd rdst ef Senyjdso`* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgd pepun`toej ef st`tuds

os se jumdreus tg`t ot must g`vd t`ldj m`jy bdjdr`toejs te pre-

iuhd< `ji iurojb tgesd bdjdr`toejs tgd `rt ef shunpturd. wgohg g`s

addj nest oj tgos n`ttdr-i`y `bd ef osen`toej. must g`vd addj ldpt`novd ej D`stdr Osn`ji ay hejtoju`n tr`jsm`rojd ojtdrheursd* Y`ldj

tebdtgdr. tgdsd hejsoidr`toejs peojt te ` prdvoeus st`td ef `ffòrs oj

wgohg tgd j`vob`toej `hress tgesd tgeus`ji monds ef epdj sd` w`s

h`rrodi ej rdbun`rny evdr ` nejb pdroei ef tomd* Dvdjtu`nny. fer

semd rd`sej wgohg stonn rdmòjs ` mystdry te us. tgd sd`. ejhd

tr`vdrsdi vohteroeusny ay M`j. hnesdi oj reuji D`stdr Osn`ji. `s tgd

idsdrt hnesdi oj reuji S`nmyr` `ji tgd ferdst reuji Hep`j* _dt.

gdrd `bòj. J`turd"s rd`ssdrtoej ef gdr pewdr ad`rs tdstomejy te tgd

prewdss ef M`j oj ejhd evdrhemojb gdr `ji tgus ojioh`tds tg`t

tgdrd wdrd hdrtòj fd`turds ef ujusu`n ioffohunty oj tgd pgysoh`n

djvorejmdjt oj wgohg tgd Senyjdso`j Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg*

Ygd trutg tgus prehnòmdi oj ujosej ay S`st `ji Srdsdjt ejD`stdr Osn`ji os. ef heursd. oj fn`t hejtrìohtoej te tgd pepun`r

Rdstdrj vodw tg`t tgd Xeutg Xd` Osn`jis `rd `j d`rtgny p`rìosd

`ji tgdor ojgàot`jts hgonirdj ef J`turd oj tgd ndbdji`ry st`td ef

@i`m `ji Dvd adferd tgd F`nn* Sdrg`ps tgos vodw `rosds frem `

most`ldj `ssumptoej tg`t ejd pertoej ef tgd Senyjdso`j djvorej-

mdjt hejstotutds tgd wgend ef ot* Ygd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt ef tgd

Senyjdso`j Xehodty hejsosts. oj rd`noty. ef w`tdr `s wdnn `s n`ji;

w`tdr wgohg prdsdjts ` fermoiànd hg`nndjbd te `jy gum`j adojbswge prepesd te hress ot wotgeut pessdssojb `jy adttdr md`js ef

j`vob`toej tg`j tgesd. idshroadi àevd. wgohg wdrd `htu`nny tgd

ejny md`js `t tgd Senyjdso`j j`vob`ters" hemm`ji* Ot w`s ay

rdspejiojb aeniny `ji suhhdssfunny te tgos hg`nndjbd ef tgd dstr`jb-

ojb sd` ay `hgodvojb. wotg tgdor ruiomdjt`ry md`js ef j`vob`toej.

tgd teur id ferhd ef dstànosgojb ` rdbun`r m`rotomd tr`ffoh `hress

tgd epdj w`tdrs adtwddj osn`ji `ji osn`ji tg`t tgd Senyjdso`j



o9 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

poejddrs wej tgdor feetojb ej tgd spdhls ef iry n`ji wgohg `rd

sh`ttdrdi tgreubg tgd v`st w`tdry wonidrjdss ef tgd S`hofoh Ehd`j

`nmest `s r`rdny `s tgd st`rs `rd sh`ttdrdi tgreubg tgd idptgs ef

Xp`hd* Dvdj br`jtojb tg`t tgdsd ad`hgojb-pn`hds wgohg hejstotutdsuhg `j ojfojotdsom`nny sm`nn fr`htoej ef tgd Senyjdso`j djvorej-

mdjt ie effdr `j d`rtgny p`rìosd te `jy gum`j adojbs wge m`ysuhhddi oj rd`hgojb tgdm. ot must ad aerjd oj moji tg`t tgd

Senyjdso`js rd`hgdi tgdm ay tgdor ewj dxdrtoejs. `ftdr g`z`riojb

tgdor novds upej tgd w`tdrs. wgdrd`s tgd @i`m `ji Dvd ef tgd

Xyro`h Mytgeneby wdrd pn`hdi oj tgd B`ridj ef Didj ay tgd `ht

ef tgdor hrd`ter. `ji ioi jet adboj dotgdr te dxdrt tgdor mojis `ji

aeiods er te g`z`ri tgdor novds ujton

tgdygì addj irovdj eut ef tgd

B`ridj. `ji ldpt eut ef ot. ay tgd `jbdn wotg tgd fn`mojb sweri* 0

Ot os pessoand tg`t. oj tgd djvorejmdjt wgdrd tgd Senyjdso`j

Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg. tgdrd w`s `j ujtew`ri idbrdd ef sg`rp-

jdss oj tgd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd ioffohunty ef tgd forst erid`n wgohg

gì te ad p`ssdi `ji tgd d`sd ef tgd hejiotoejs ef nofd wotg wgohg tgd

suhhdssfun rdspejsd te tgos forst hg`nndjbd w`s rdw`ridi* Ygd teons

`ji i`jbdrs ef Senyjdso`j j`vob`toej ej tgd S`hofoh wdrd se fer-

moiànd `ji tgd swddts ef rdpesd ej tgd osn`jis wdrd se `nnurojb

tg`t tgd hgonirdj m`y wdnn g`vd addj tdmptdi te à`jiej tg`t

brd`t Ehd`joh werni ef n`ji `ji w`tdr wgohg tgdor f`tgdrs gì

epdjdi up fer tgdm. oj eridr te sojl a`hl d`hg ej tgd osn`ji

wgohg gd gì ojgdrotdi oj vortud ef gos f`tgdr"s dfferts ojte ` nofd

ef promotovd d`sd `ji osen`toej* Yg`t sddms te g`vd addj tgd

gostery ef tgd idhnojd `ji f`nn ef tgd Senyjdso`j Hovonoz`toej ej

D`stdr Osn`ji ; tgd osn`ji wgohg gì te ad wej `ji gdni `t tgd prohd

ef tgd nejbdst sd`-p`ss`bd ef `nn* Ygd henejosts ef D`stdr Osn`ji

must g`vd addj tgd fnewdr ef tgd Senyjdso`j poejddrs < `ji tgd

vortud tg`t w`s oj tgdm jet ejny h`rrodi tgdm `hress ` tgeus`ji

monds ef epdj sd`1 aut `vòndi tgdm adferd ot wdjt eut ef tgdm

te hemmdmer`td tgdor `hgodvdmdjt fer dvdr ay hrd`tojb. `t tgdor

iost`jt keurjdy"s dji. semd ef tgd fojdst m`stdrpodhds dvdr pre-iuhdi ay Senyjdso`j `rt* Ygd gostery ef tgd Senyjdso`j Hovonoz`toej

ej D`stdr Osn`ji m`y suppny tgd hnud te tgd gostery ef tgd Seny-jdso`j Hovonoz`toej `s ` wgend* Yg`t os ` preandm wgohg wonn

idm`ji eur jetohd `bòj gdrd`ftdr*8

Oj tgos pn`hd wd `rd sompnyhejhdrjdi te peojt eut tg`t tgd pepun`r Rdstdrj vodw ef tgd Seny-

+ Fer tgd sobjofoh`jhd ef tgos mytg ef tgd B`ridj `ji tgd F`M. sdh àevd. OO. H 'oo/ '/o. ven*o.pp 1?3-8*

U

1 Ygd jd`rdst n`ji te D`stdr jew ojgàotdi. wotg tgd dxhdptoej ef Sothòrj Ojn`ji.os oj tgd B`mao` Osn`jis. àeut 0.133 monds te tgd wdstw`ri< tgd nottnd her`n p`thg efIuhod Osn`ji. wgohg nods adtwddj tgd twe. os jd`rny ?33 monds frem D`stdr. `ji gj jeiwdnndrs*" 'Qeutndibd. X*; Ygd Mystdry ef D`stdr Osn`ji 'Nejiej 0?0?. Xoftej Sr`di/.p* 1?1*/

s Ot os teuhgdi upej `bòj oj S`rt OOO* @. ven* ou. adnew*



W@@DOO@ Y@ L@@@ 04

jdso`j djvorejmdjt os most`ldj `ji te dxpnòj gew ot g`s `rosdj<

`ji tgd dxpn`j`toej turjs eut te ad vdry sompnd* Ygd Rdstdrj

easdrvdrs wge g`vd bovdj ot hurrdjhy g`vd ejny gì dyds fer tgd

n`ji `ji g`vd objerditgd sd`

wgohg hevdrs`nn

aut ` fr`htoej ef tgd`rd` evdr wgohg tgd Senyjdso`j Hovonoz`toej ejhd r`jbdi* Srd-

sumàny tgdy weuni jet g`vd objerdi ot of tgdy gì gì te tr`vdrsd

ot tgdmsdnvds oj tgd hr`ft ef tgd Senyjdso`j j`vob`ters. ojstdì ef

tr`vdnnojb. `s tgdy g`vd iejd. `s p`ssdjbdrs oj meidrj Rdstdrj

ehd`j-beojb nojdrs. nd`vojb tgd rdspejsoaonoty ef j`vob`toej te ad

aerjd ay prefdssoej`n Rdstdrj j`vob`ters wotg tgd `ssost`jhd ef

hemp`ss `ji hg`rt*

Oj Jdw Djbn`ji

Adferd hnesojb tgos rdvodw ef rdvdrsoejs te ` st`td ef J`turd. tgd

wrotdr m`y pdrmot gomsdnf te hotd twe ojst`jhds ejd semdwg`t

eut ef tgd w`y `ji tgd etgdr dxhddiojbny eavoeus wgohg g`ppdjte g`vd hemd wotgoj gos ewj pdrsej`n easdrv`toej*

O w`s ejhd tr`vdnnojb oj ` rur`n p`rt ef tgd Xt`td ef Hejjdhtohut

oj Jdw Djbn`ji. wgdj O h`md `hress ` idsdrtdi vonn`bd ` jet

ujhemmej spdht`hnd. se O w`s teni. oj tgos sdhtoej ef tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds. ydt ` spdht`hnd. jdvdrtgdndss. wgohg os ojdvotàny surprosojb

`ji dvdj ioshejhdrtojb te ` Durepd`j oj @mdroh`* Ygos p`rtohun`r

vonn`bd ot w`s h`nndi Yewj Gonn gì dvoidjtny addj nòi eutmuhg

nold etgdr Jdw Djbn`ji vonn`bds. stonn ojgàotdi. oj semd eftgd merd

fdrtond iostrohts ef tgd s`md st`td tgreubg wgohg O gì `nrdìy p`ssdi

ej my keurjdy tg`t vdry i`y* Fer semd twe hdjturods. pdrg`ps.

Yewj Gonn gì steei wotg ots pn`jl-auont Bderbo`j Hgurhg oj tgd

moiind ef tgd vonn`bd brddj. `ji wotg tgd geusds reuji tgd hgurhg.

`ji wotg tgd erhg`ris adyeji tgd geusds. `ji wotg tgd herj-fodnis .

strdthgojb `w`y adyeji tgd fruot-trdds* Oj 0?14 tgd hgurhg stonn

steei'ot

w`s adojb ldpt oj rdpòr ay tgd Xt`td @rhg`deneboh`n

Xehodty `s `j `jhodjt mejumdjt/ <tgd geusds gì v`josgdi 'tgeubg

tgdor fermdr pesotoejs heuni stonn ad tr`hdi ay tgd rdmj`jts ef tgdor

feuji`toejs/ <tgd fruot-trdds gì bejd woni `ji gì addj sw`nnewdi

up oj tgd rdsurbdjt ujidrbrewtg* @s fer tgd fodnis. tgdy gì fìdi

`w`y `ntebdtgdr ojte tgd rehls `ji shrua ef tgd a`rrdj gonn-soid*

Nojbdrojb ej tgd spet `ji `nnewojb my tgeubgts te pn`y àeuttgd str`jbd sobgts gdrd prdsdjtdi te md. O m`rvdnndi forst `t `j

`pp`rdjt p`rìex* Rotgoj tgd gujirdi yd`rs djiojb oj tgos yd`r

0?14. tgesd v`josgdi Jdw Djbn`jidrs gì wrdstdi frem J`turd tgd

wgend ardìtg ef ` hejtojdjt* Oj tgdsd fdw bdjdr`toejs tgdy gì

sprdì frem tgd spet wgdrd O w`s st`jiojb. ej tgd @tn`jtoh snepd.

te tgd sgerds ef tgd S`hofoh* _dt `t tgd s`md tomd tgdy gì suffdrdi

J`turd te rdh`pturd frem tgdm tgos vonn`bd oj tgd gd`rt ef tgdor




gemdn`ji ` vonn`bd wgohg tgdor ferdf`tgdrs gì feujidi `nmest `s

seej `s tgdy gì sdt feet ej @mdroh`j seon<` vonn`bd wgdrd. fer

pdrg`ps twe gujirdi yd`rs adferd "tgd Rojjojb ef tgd Rdst". tgd

`shdji`jhy ef M`j evdr J`turd gì sddmdi te ad dstànosgdi `s

sdhurdny `s oj `jy vonn`bd oj Durepd* Ygdsd wdrd my forst tgeubgts <

aut ej sdheji tgeubgts O adb`j te ujidrst`ji tgd sobjofoh`jhdef

wg`t O w`s neelojb `t* Ygd r`poioty. tgd tgereubgjdss. tgd à`jiej

wotg wgohg J`turd gì rd`ssdrtdi gdr iemojoej evdr tgd sotd ef

Yewj Gonn `s seej `s M`j gì rdn`xdi gos brop. surdny b`vd tgd

md`surd ef tgd dxdrtoejs wgohg M`j gì fermdrny mìd. forst te

h`pturd tgos pesotoej frem J`turd `ji tgdj te geni ot* Ygesd

dxdrtoejs mustg`vd addj dxtrdmd

< `ji.wgdj ejd h`md te tgojl ef

ot. ejny `j djdrby `s ojtdjsd `s tgd djdrby wgohg tgd ard`lojb-oj ef

Jdw Djbn`ji gì h`nndi ojte pn`y heuni g`vd addj suffohodjt fer

tgd Gdrhund`j nàeur ef ard`lojb-oj ` wgend hejtojdjt* Ygus. se

f`r frem "tgd Rojjojb ef tgd Rdst" m`lojb tgd ness ef Yewj Gonn

ojdxpnohànd. tgd trutg w`s tg`t. oj tgd ness ef Yewj Gonn. tgd sdhrdt

ef "tgd Rojjojb ef tgd Rdst+ w`s nòi a`rd* Ygd pertdjt ef tgos

vonn`bd oj Hejjdhtohut. idsdrtdi te-i`y. dxpnòjdi tgd mor`hnd ef

tgesd brd`t hotods oj Egoe `ji Onnojeos `ji Henerìe `ji H`noferjo`

wgohg gì sprujb ojte dxostdjhd evdrjobgt* Oj tgos g`ri djvorej-

mdjt ef Jdw Djbn`ji. `j `pprdjtohdsgop gì addj sdrvdi fer tgd

g`ri t`sl ef auoniojb tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds* Rgdj tgd `pprdjtohd

gì fdnt gomsdnf funny tròjdi oj jdrvd `ji mushnd `ji slonn. gd gì

sompny ndft tgd pn`hd wgohg gì addj gos tròjojb-breuji `ji gì

bejd te tgd pn`hd wgdrd gd w`s te ie gos werl oj nofd* Ygd idsdrtoej

ef Yewj Gonn w`s jet ` p`rìex `ftdr `nn<ot w`s ef ejd podhd wotg

tgd brd`t gum`j djtdrprosd wgohg gì feujidi `ji pdepndi Hoj-

hojj`to `ji Hgoh`be `ji Idjvdr `ji X`j Fr`jhoshe*

Ej tgd Qem`j H`mp`bj`

Xomon`r hejsoidr`toejs rdsenvd tgd `pp`rdjt p`rìex oj tgd

prdsdjt st`td ef tgd Qem`j H`mp`bj`* Ot os adsoid tgd peojt te

m`rvdn. wotg Novy. tg`t `j ojjumdrànd muntotuid ef ydem`j-w`rroers sgeuni fermdrny g`vd suasostdi oj ` rdboej wgohg oj gos

i`y. `s oj eurs.0 w`s ` wonidrjdss ef a`rrdj br`y fdnn `ji fdvdrosg

f

+

Oj 0?80. wgdj tgd wrotdr ef tgos Xtuiy rdvosotdi tgd Qem`j H`mp`bj` `ftdr `jojtdrv`n ef twdjty yd`rs. gd feuji tg`t tgos st`tdmdjt rdquordi qu`nofoh`toej* Oj xe*j tgdstuidjtwge mìd tgd ponbrom`bd ef tgd Vo` @ppo` @jtoh` feuji gomsdnf w`nlojb tgreubg` wonidrjdss `nmest frem tgd memdjt wgdj gd p`ssdi adyeji tgd Hoty w`nns tgreubgtgd Sert` X`j Xda`sto`je tonn tgd memdjt wgdj gd `ppre`hgdi tgd eutfnlort` ef @naoje*Rgdj gd rdpd`tdi tgd ponbrom`bd oj 0?80. gd feuji tg`t. oj tgd ojtdrv`n. M`j gì amoausony rd`ssdrtojb gos m`stdry evdr tgd wgend strdthg ef heujtry tg`t nods adtwddj Qemd`ji tgd H`stdTo Qem`jo* Ygd Vo` @ppo` @jtoh` otsdnf w`s ujhg`jbdi 'adojb h`rdfunnyprdsdrvdi. nold tgd hgurhg `t Yewj Gonn. ay `rhg`deneboh`npodty/ < aut tgdrd w`d jew jepeojt `nejb ots heursd wgdrd tgd w`yf`rdr w`s eut ef sobgt ef meidrj meter-reìG.`dreiremds. wordndss-m`sts `ji merd omprdssovd tg`j `nn tgdsdjdwny huntov`tdijdnis* Ygd tdjsoej ef gum`j djdrby ej tgd Qem`j H`mp`bj` os jew adbojjojb te j+d



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 02

brddj sw`mp wgdrd tgd ejny survovojb vdstobds ef gum`j gàot`-

toej wdrd tgd fròn str`w guts ef ` fdw mosdrànd sgdpgdris*0

Ot os

merd `ppesotd te rdfndht tg`t tgos n`ttdr-i`y wonidrjdss g`s rdpre-iuhdi tgd

prostojdst`td ef tgd

feraoiiojb n`jish`pd wgohg w`s ejhdtr`jsfermdi ay N`toj er Vensho`j poejddrs ojte ` huntov`tdi `ji

pepuneus heujtrysoid <`ji tg`t tgd djdrby bdjdr`tdi oj tgd prehdss

ef ard`lojb-oj tgos j`rrew pnet ef ieur Ot`no`j seon w`s tgd djdrbywgohg `ftdrw`ris hejqudrdi tgd Rerni oj ` rìous dxtdjiojb frem

tgd H`mp`bj` te Arotòj `ji Dbypt. `ji frem tgd @na`j Gonns te

tgd @tn`s `ji tgd Hùh`sus*1 Of `j djdrby wgohg suffohdi. oj ots

ioffusoej. te auoni tgd Qem`j Dmpord w`s forst bdjdr`tdi `ji hej-

hdjtr`tdi wotgoj tgd nomots ef tgd H`mp`bj`. tgos ojioh`tds tgd

idbrdd ef gum`j dffert ojvenvdi oj forst hejqudrojb tgd H`mp`bj`frem tgd wonidrjdss `ji tgdj mòjtòjojb ot `bòjst rdvdrsoej* Os

ot `jy wejidr tg`t tgd hrìnd ef tgd Qem`j Hemmejwd`ntg ioi

rdvdrt te ots prostojd st`td wgdj tgd aeiy penotoh wgohg tgos hrìnd

gì jurturdi dvdjtu`nny turjdi ots djdrbods eutw`ris evdr `nn tgd

lojbiems ef tgd D`rtg 5 Xurdny ot weuni g`vd addj merd surprosojbof tgd H`mp`bj` gì stonn hejtojudi te yodni ojhrd`sd te tgd Qem`jgusa`jim`j `ji rdhruots te tgd Qem`j ironn-sdrbd`jt oj tgesd

n`ttdr i`ys wgdj tgd Qem`j @rmy w`s bu`riojb tgd frejtodrs ef tgd

Dmpord. `ji tonnojb tgdpr`n` ndboejum. f`r `w`y ej tgd frojbd ef tgd

@fr`so`j Xtdppd `ji ej tgd a`jls ef tgd Qgojd `ji tgd I`juad 5

Rd g`vd jew p`ssdi ujidr rdvodw ` jumadr ef sotds oj tgd

@mdroh`j `ji @so`toh Yrepohs. oj tgd @fr`so`j Xtdppd. oj tgd

S`hofoh @rhgopdn`be. oj Jertg @mdroh`. oj tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j

wgohg g`vd rdvdrtdi te tgdor prostojd st`td ef J`turd `ftdr g`vojbaddj tgd shdjd ef sobj`n gum`j `hgodvdmdjts tg`t `rd jew hem-

mdmer`tdiay

idsdrtdi ruojs* Oj tgos

`rr`y.

tgdrd os tgd utmest

iovdrsoty aetg oj tgd hg`r`htdr ef tgd neh`n pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt

`ji oj tgd sg`pd ef tgd yeld wgohg M`j g`s ejhd nòi upej ot< ydt

`nn tgdsd sotds `brdd oj ad`rojb uj`jomeus wotjdss te ejd dssdjto`n

hejiotoej ef suhhdssfun gum`j `htovoty ;

Jur idr vdriodjt sohg Frdogdot wod i`s Ndadj

Idr t`bnohg sod dreadrj muss*8

Dvdj wgdj tgd dfferts ef tgd poejddrs g`vd suhhddidi oj hejqudr-

ojb

semdpesotoej

frem J`turd. tgd

hejqudrdi breuji

g`s te ad

`bòj fer tgd forst tomd sojhd tgd dji ef tgd tgori hdjtury A*H*. wgdj. iurojb tgd R`r ef

G`jjoa`n. ot adb`j ots brd`t idhnojd tew`ris tgd zdre peojt `t wgohg ot g`s steei tgreubg-eut tgd forst jojdtddj hdjturods ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`*

+ "Ojjumdràondm muntotuiojdm noadrerum h`potum oj dos fuossd nehos qu`d mojd. vox

sdmoj`roe monotum dxobue rdghte. sdrvoto` Qem`j` à senotuiojd vojioh`jt+ 'Novy.

Aeel VO. hg* 01/* Hemp`rd tgd `nnusoejs ojGer`hd. Dpostnds. Aeel O. Dp* xo. 00* 2-7 `ji 83*` Ygos os tgd tgdmd ef Srefdsser Ydjjdy Fr`jl oj Ygd Dhejemoh KDQstery ef tgd Qem`j

Qdpuanoh '`ji diotoej. A`ntomerd 0?12. Kegjs Geplojs Tjovdrsoty Srdss/*8Fùst. 00* 00424-6. quetdi àevd oj ven* o ej p* 122*

OO H



0 7 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

gdni. ay ujrdmottojb dfferts ej tgd p`rt ef tgd poejddrs" suhhdssers.

`bòjst J`turd"s ujrdmottojb heujtdr-`tt`hls* Ygd fodnis ef Dbypt

er tgd b`ridjs ef I`m`shus. wgohg sddm `t forst sobgt te yodni tgdor

fruots ùtem`toh`nny te `jy ejd wge shr`thgds tgd seon.

0

`rd rd`nny

ejny mòjtòjdi `s "beojb hejhdrjs" ay hejst`jt `ji strdjueus

nàeur* Gew muhg brd`tdr. tgdj. must g`vd addj tgd nàeur wgohg

ot hest tgd f`tgdrs ef tgd Dbypto`h `ji tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej

te arojb tgd N`ji ef Dbypt `ji tgd Bgut`g ef I`m`shus ojte

dxostdjhd eut ef tgd promdv`n kujbnd-sw`mp `ji tgd promdv`n

idsdrt5 Sdrg`ps wd m`y jew hejsoidr tg`t wd g`vd prevdi tgd

prepesotoej wgohg wd forst teel fer br`jtdi* Ot sddms dvoidjt tg`t

tgd hejiotoejs effdrdi te M`jay

tgd djvorejmdjts tg`t g`vd addj

tgd aortg-pn`hds ef hovonoz`toejs g`vd addj jet ujusu`nny d`sy aut

ujusu`nny ioffohunt*

Sdrfoi` H`pu`

G`vojb stuiodi tgd hg`r`htdr ef hdrtòj djvorejmdjts wgohg g`vd

`htu`nny addj tgd shdjd ef tgd bdjdsds ef hovonoz`toejs er ef etgdr

sobj`n gum`j `hgodvdmdjts. `ji g`vojb feuji dmporoh`nny tg`t tgd

hejiotoejs wgohg tgdy g`vd effdrdi te M`j g`vd addj jet d`sy aut

r`tgdr tgd hejtr`ry. ndt us p`ss ej te ` hempndmdjt`ry stuiy* Ndt

us dx`mojd hdrtòj etgdr djvorejmdjts oj wgohg tgd hejiotoejs

effdrdi te M`j g`vd oj f`ht addj d`sy. `ji stuiy tgd dffdht ej

gum`j nofd wgohg suhg djvorejmdjts g`vd preiuhdi* Kj `ttdmpt-

ojb tgos stuiy. wd must iostojbuosg adtwddj twe ioffdrdjt sotu`toejs*

Ygd forst os ejd oj wgohg pdepnd `rd ojtreiuhdi ojte `jd`fhy

djvorejmdjt `ftdr g`vojb novdi oj semd ioffohunt djvorejmdjt ef ejdef tgd lojis tg`t wd g`vd dx`mojdi àevd* Ygd sdheji sotu`toej os

tg`t ef pdepnd oj `j d`sy djvorejmdjt wge g`vd jdvdr. se f`r `s

os ljewj. addj dxpesdi te `jy etgdr djvorejmdjt sojhd tgdor

prd-gum`j `jhdsters adh`md mdj* Oj etgdr weris. wd g`vd te

iostojbuosg adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd dffdhts ef dxpesurd te `j d`sydjvorejmdjt upej M`jloji oj prehdss ef hovonoz`toej `ji upejSromotovd M`j* Ndt us id`n wotg tgd twe sotu`toejs sdp`r`tdny. oj

tgos eridr. `ji ndt us ejhd merd fennew tgd dmporoh`n mdtgei ef

ojquory wgohg wd g`vd dmpneydi se f`r*

Ndt us adboj wotg ` hn`ssoh dx`mpnd ef `j d`sy djvorejmdjtwgohg os subbdstdi ay tgd n`st dx`mpnd ef ` ioffohunt djvorejmdjttg`t g`s ehhupodi eur `ttdjtoej* Oj Hn`ssoh`n

Ot`ny. Qemd feuji gdr`jtotgdsos oj H`pu` `jetgdr brd`t `ji f`meus hoty wgesd idstojods

wdrd `s ioffdrdjt frem tgesd ef Qemd `s gdr surreujiojbs* Ygdo Ygos sddms te ad tgd pgonesepgy ef Ar`zon. te kuibd ay tgd fennewojb `moànd s`yojbwgohg os rdpertdi te ad hurrdjt `mejb tgd Ar`zono`js ; "Fer twdnvd geurs oj tgd i`y wd ie

eur werst wotg tgd heujtry< aut fer tgd etgdr twdnvd geurs wd snddp. `ji tgdj Bei `jitgd heujtry put tgojbs robgt `bòj!"



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 0?

H`pu`j H`mp`bj` w`s `s lojiny te M`j `s tgd Qem`j H`mp`bj`w`s ieur

<

x `ji wgond tgd Qem`js wdjt fertg frem tgdorferaoiiojb

heujtry te hejqudr ejd jdobgaeur `ftdr `jetgdr. tgd H`mp`jo`jss`t oj tgdor

smonojb heujtry `ji `nnewdi ejd jdobgaeur `ftdr`jetgdr te hejqudr tgdm* Frem gdr n`st hejqudrers. tgd X`mjotds

ef tgd @aruzzo. H`pu` w`s idnovdrdi. `t gdr ewj ojvot`toej. ay tgd

ojtdrvdjtoej ef Qemd gdrsdnf< `ji tgdj. `t tgd mest hrotoh`n memdjtef tgd mest hrotoh`n w`r oj Qem`j gostery. ej tgd merrew ef tgd

A`ttnd ef H`jj`d. H`pu` rdpòi Qemd ay epdjojb gdr b`tds te

G`jjoa`n. oj tgd gepd ef rdhevdrojb gdr frddiem ay dxhg`jbojb ejd

p`trej fer `jetgdr. z @s f`r `s H`pu` w`s hejhdrjdi. tgdfutonoty ef

tgos

gepd

w`s wrottdjn`rbd

oj gdr

prdvoeus gostery<aut fer G`jjo-

a`n. oj gos w`r `bòjst tgd forst hoty ef Ot`ny. tgd idfdhtoej ef tgd

sdheji hoty ef Ot`ny frem Qemd"s soid te gos neeldi nold ` bòj wgohg

w`s quotd adyeji qudstoej* Oj f`ht. G`jjoa`n `ji gos Qem`j

eppejdjts wdrd ef ejd moji oj rdb`riojb H`pu`"s hg`jbd ef soids

`s adojb tgd projhop`n ommdio`td hejsdqudjhd ef tgd A`ttnd ef

H`jj`d `ji pdrg`ps tgd idhosovd dvdjt oj tgd w`r* G`jjoa`n

rdspejidi te tgd H`mp`jo`js" evdrturds ay rdpòrojb te H`pu` `ji

t`lojb up gos wojtdr-qu`rtdrs tgdrd wgdrdupej semdtgojb g`p-

pdjdi wgohg f`nsofodi dvdryaeiy"s dxpdht`toejs* @ wojtdr spdjt oj

H`pu` idmer`nozdi tgd treeps wge gì kust `jjogon`tdi tgd brd`tdst

Qem`j `rmy tg`t gì dvdr t`ldj tgd fodni*

"Ygd H`rtg`bojo`j `rmy. wgohg \G`jjoa`n] ldpt ujidr hevdr tgdrd \oj

H`pu`] fer tgd brd`tdr p`rt ef tgd wojtdr. gì addj nejb `ji tgereubgnyg`ridjdi `bòjst `nn tgd onns tg`t h`j `ffnoht M`jloji

<aut wgdj ot h`md

te tgd beei tgojbs ef tgos nofd. tgd treeps n`hldi aetg f`mono`roty `ji

dxpdrodjhd* @hheriojbny tgdsd gdreds wge gì rdsostdi tgd utmest

`ssùnts ef ìvdrsoty wdrd ujiejd ay `j dxhdss ef prespdroty `ji djkey-mdjt< `ji tgdy fdnn gdìnejb. adhùsd tgdor nejb àstojdjhd mìd tgdm

pnujbd oj gdì-evdr-d`rs* Ygd reuji ef snddpojb. irojlojb. d`tojb.

wgerojb. a`tgojb `ji t`lojb tgdor d`sd adh`md swddtdr te tgdm `s d`hg

p`ssojb i`y hejformdi tgd gàot. ujton tgdy adh`md se djdrv`tdi ay ot.

aeiy `ji seun. tg`t tgdor s`fdty h`md te rdst oj tgd prdstobd ef tgdor p`st

vohterods r`tgdr tg`j oj tgd prdsdjt strdjbtg ef tgdor robgt `rms* Ot w`s

0 Ygd j`md H`mp`bj`. wgohg hnojbs te-i`y te tgd hrìnd ef tgd Qem`j Hemmej-wd`ntg oj tgd newn`jis adtwddj tgd ndft a`jl ef tgd Yoadr `ji tgd @na`j Gonns. eroboj`nny

adnejbdi 'oj ots N`toj spdnnojb "H`mp`jo`"/ te tgd newn`jis surreujiojb H`pu`. tgreubgwgohg tgd Venturjus fnews ej ots w`y frem tgd @aruzzo te tgd sd`. kust jertg ef J`pnds*Ygd j`md w`s dxtdjidi frem tgd b`tds ef J`pnds te tgd b`tds ef Qemd ay @ubustus. te

idsobj`tdejd ef tgd "rdboejs+ ojte wgohg gd rd-m`ppdi Qem`j Ot`ny< `ji tgd j`md g`s

pdrsostdi oj ` tdrrotery te wgohg ot w`s tgus `rtofoho`nny `ppnodi. `ftdr g`vojb iodi eut oj

tgd tdrrotery wgdrd ot w`s ojiobdjeus*1 Ot os jetdwertgy tg`t wgond H`pu`. `ftdr H`jj`d. adtr`ydi Qemd wge gì feubgt

tgd X`mjotds ej gdr `hheujt. tgd X`mjotds. wge gì addj feubgt `ji hejqudrdi ayQemd ej `hheujt ef H`pu`. rdmòjdi ney`n te Qemd. wotg tgd sojbnd dxhdptoej

ef tgd

seutg-d`stdrjmest h`jtej ef tgd fermdr X`mjotd Hejfdidr`toej. tgd Gorpojo* Ygd

ney`nty ef tgd X`mjotds te tgd Qem`js iurojb tgd G`jjoa`noh R`r w`s `s rdm`rlànd `s

tg`t ef tgd Xolgs te tgd Arotosg iurojb tgd Ojio`j Mutojy*




tgd epojoej ef monot`ry dxpdrts tg`t. oj `nnewojb tgdm te hemd te tgos

p`ss. tgdor hemm`jidr hemmottdi ` stonn brd`tdr fùnt tg`j oj fònojb te

m`rhg ej Qemd ommdio`tdny `ftdr tgd A`ttnd ef H`jj`d* Ot mobgt ad

`rbuditg`t gos ion`terojdss `ftdr H`jj`d gì mdrdny pestpejdi tgd geur

ef foj`n vohtery. wgdrd`s gos drrer `t H`pu` gì idprovdi gom ef tgd

strdjbtg te woj tgd w`r `t `nn*"0

G`jjoa`n"s f`t`n drrer w`s jdvdr hemmottdi ay tgd Qem`j

Bevdrjmdjt te tgd dji ef ots i`ys* Rgdj Qemd b`vd up tgd hej-

shropt `rmy dxdrhosdi ay tgd nàeroeus gusa`jiry ef gdr H`m-

p`bj` wotg wgohg sgd gì hejqudrdi tgd Rerni. oj eridr te

pn`hd gdr hejqudsts ujidr tgd bu`ri ef `j `rmy ef prefdssoej`ns.

sgd ioi jet m`ld tgd most`ld ef st`toejojb tgos jdw meidn `rmy oj

H`pu` er dvdj oj `jy ef tgesd idndhtànd pn`hds `nejb tgd Qovodr`1

wgdrd tgd speonthgonirdj ef eur meidrj Rdstdrj Xehodty t`ld up

tgdor wojtdr-qu`rtdrs jewì`ys* Xgd teel h`rd tg`t tgd seniodrs ef

tgd Dmpord sgeuni ad tdmpdrdi ay `j djvorejmdjt wgohg w`s jet

ndss sdvdrd tg`j tg`t wgohg gì preiuhdi tgd rdieuatànd seniodrs

eftgd Qdpuanoh* Ygd ndboej`rods wge wdrd je nejbdr te ad dxdrhosdi

`s ydemdj oj tgd H`mp`bjày lddpojb ots m`rsgds oj iròj`bd `ji

ots fdnns ujidr tgd pneubg wdrd jew st`toejdi `nejb tgd Qgojd `ji

tgd I`juad `mejb tgd Yr`js`npojd ferdsts `ji ròjs `ji frests.

te ad dxdrhosdi ay tgos jdw hg`nndjbd frem Sgysoh`n J`turd fer

tgdor aeridr w`rf`rd wotg tgd Jertg-Durepd`j a`ra`ro`js* Ygd

`veoi`jhd ef G`jjoa`n"s drrer ay @ubustus prenejbdi tgd nofd ef tgd

Qem`j Dmpord ay semd feur gujirdi yd`rs*8

@ubustus hnd`rny iovojdi tgd ojhemp`toaonoty adtwddj monot`ry

dffohodjhy `ji `j d`sy djvorejmdjt. `ji gd sdt gomsdnf te rdferm

tgd speont `ji ojsuaerioj`td seniodry wgohg gd ojgdrotdi frem tgd

hovon w`rs ay a`josgojb ot te bu`ri tgd frejtodrs ej tgd and`ldr soid

ef tgd @nps* Rgond tgd brd`t Qem`j st`tdsm`j w`s h`rryojb tgos

ioffohunt penohy tgreubg..w`s gd dvdr hejformdi oj gos rdsenutoej ay

`jy rdmojoshdjhds ef tgd Brddl notdr`turd oj wgohg gd gì addj

diuh`tdi5

Ygd projhopnd wgohg bevdrjdi tgd monot`ry penohy ef @ubustusgì addj mìd tgd suakdht ef ` fànd ay tgd Brddl gostero`j Gdre-

ietus feur hdjturods d`rnodr* Ygd fànd w`s hdndar`tdi. sojhd tgd

brd`t Brddl wrotdr gì bovdj ot premojdjhd ay tdnnojb ot `s tgd tòn-

podhd ef gos werl<9 `ji tgd fànd w`s `nse

`pt. sojhd ot w`s teni ayoNovy. Aeel WWOOO. hg* 07*

` Ygd Qovodr`hejstotutojb. `s ot ioi `t tgd tomd. tgd projhop`n evdrn`ji reutdadtwddj Ot`ny `ji Yr`js`npojd Durepd weuni g`vd effdrdi + hejvdjodjt st`toej fertgd Ompdro`n ferhds frem ` purdny bdebr`pgohe-str`thboh`n peojt ef vodw*

8 Ef heursd dvdj ted st`tdsm`jsgop ef `j @ubustus w`s ejny ànd te idn`y tgd ieemefQemd wotgeut adojb ànd pdrm`jdjtny te `vdrt ot* Fer tgd dvdjtu`n tr`jsfdrdjhd ef tgdmonot`ry `ji penotoh`n pewdr oj tgd Qem`j Dmpord frem tgd g`jis ef tgd Qem`js tgdm-sdnvds te tgd g`jis ef tgd Yr`js`npojd a`ra`ro`js. sdd ON I 'v/. pp* 069-4. adnew*

9Gdreietus. Aeel OW. hg* 011*




Ygd Ydmpt`toejs ef Eiyssdus

Ygos fànd ef tgd Sdrso`js" Hgeohd. nold tgd trud stery ef G`jjo-

a`n"s @rmy `t H`pu`. sobjofods tg`t wgdj gum`j adojbs wge g`vd

addj novojb ujidr prdssurd `rd sdt `t d`sd. tgdor djdrbods `rd jet

rdnd`sdi aut `rd r`tgdr rdn`xdi ay tgos pnd`surànd hg`jbd oj tgdor

hejiotoejs ef nofd* Ygd s`md hejhdptoej `ppd`rs oj ` werl ef

hn`ssoh`n notdr`turd tg`t os enidr `ji merd f`meus tg`j tgd gosterods

ef Gdreietus `ji Novy* Ot os tgd tgdmd ef tgesd feur aeels ef tgd

Eiyssdy0 oj wgohg tgd gdre tdnns @nhojeus tgd stery ef gos w`jidrojbs

frem tgd i`y wgdj gd sòndi wotg gos hemp`joejs frem Yrey te

tgd i`y wgdj gd w`s w`sgdi up. tgd send survover. ej tgd sgerds ef

H`nypse"s osn`ji*

Oj tg`t nejb sdrods ef ìvdjturds. ot os jet wgdj gd os djheujtdr-

ojb gos ioffohuntods `ji i`jbdrs rujjojb tgd bùjtndt ef tgd

N`dstrybejs er hejfrejtojb tgd Hyhneps er m`lojb tgd p`ss`bd

adtwddj Xhynn` `ji Hg`ryaios tg`t Eiyssdus hemds jd`rdst te

fònurd oj gos strubbnd te m`ld gos w`y gemd te Otg`h`* Q`tgdr.

tgdsd erid`ns spddi gom ej gos heursd tew`ris tgd be`n ef gos

djid`veurs ay h`nnojb gos f`huntods ef ùi`hoty `ji jomanhjhss ef

wot `ji djiur`jhd `ji ojbdjuoty ojte `htoej*1

Gd hemds jd`rdst tefònurd wgdj tgd rdsenutoej te pdrsdvdrd ej tgd ioffohunt `ji i`jbdr-

eus heursd tew`ris tgd keurjdy"s dji g`s te hempdtd wotg tgd

`ttr`htoejs ef `j `ssurdi `ji ommdio`td d`sd*

Ygus. wgdj tgd tgrdd hemp`joejs wgem gd sdjt eut ej ` rdhej-

jòss`jhd ojte tgd n`ji eftgd netus-d`tdrs fdnn oj wotg tgd ojgàot`jts.

"tgd netus-d`tdrs ioi jet adtgojl tgdm te ie eur hemp`joejs te id`tg.

aut b`vd tgdm ef tgd netus te t`std* @ji wgohg sedvdr ef tgdm ioi d`t

tg`t gejdy-swddt fruot. gd je nejbdr gì tgd wonn te arojb a`hl toiojbsjer oj `jy wosd te rdturj< aut tgdor wonn w`s te rdmòj tgdrd wotg tgd

netus-d`tdrs. fddiojb ej netus. `ji te tgojl je merd ef tgd gemdw`ri

vey`bd* Xe O teel tgdm te tgd sgops wddpojb. ujidr iurdss. `ji oj tgd

gennew sgops O ir`bbdi tgdm ujidr tgd adjhgds `ji aeuji tgdm tgdrd*

@ji tgdj O aìd tgd rdst efmy hemp`joejs hemd àe`ri tgd swoft sgops

bnery ay aurjojb tgd Brd`t Lojb"s p`n`hd `t Sdrsdpenos* Ygd `tejy fodnis `ji and`l

p`sturds `moi wgohg tgd ruojdi p`n`hd steei'`ji st`jis te-i`y/ ioi jet dd`jd te arddi

w`rroers* @ndx`jidr gomsdnf w`s se iddpny omprdssdi ay tgd monot`ry vortud+ ef tgd

Ompdro`n Sdepndwgem gd gì

kust evdrtgrewj tg`t gd djnostdi tgd idfd`tdi O"hm`joo ojgos ewj `rmy ej dqu`n tdrms wotg gos vohteroeus M`hdiejo`js. O nì O nereietoM novdi` hdjtury n`tdr tg`j gd ioi. `ji h`rrodi gos j`rr`tovd ef tgd sdhun`r hejfnoht adtwddj tgdXyj`h `ji Gdnndjoh wernis iewj te tgd hnesd ef @ndx`jidr"s ir`m`toh hejtroautoej tetgd stery. gd mobgt g`vd h`ppdi gos fànd wotg ` prepgdhy 'oj go` orejoh vdoj/ tg`t tgdreubg heujtry wgohg gì ardi seniodrs fer Hyrus `ji seniodrs fer @ndx`jidr weunihejtojud te ad`r tgdsd fermoiànd hreps se nejb `s tgd Sdrso`j pd`s`jt rdmòjdi ej go+gemdstdì te sew tgd ir`bej"s-teetg sddi.

+Eiyssdy

lAeels OW-WOO*

8+DvP`: Xt Yrer`/ o

.

3`wrete. >%:&evs eMv`vrds r`tpev)*

'Eiyssdy. OW. 00. 61-8 `ji 464-6*/



W@@DOK@ Y@ L@@@ 18

wotg `nn spddi. ndst `jy m`j sgeuni nesd tgeubgt ef tgd vey`bd gemd ayd`tojb ef tgd netus*"

0

@bòj. wgdj g`nf gos sgop"s hemp`jy `hhdptdi Horhd"s ojvot`toej

te hemd ojte gdr p`rneur.

"sgd ndi tgdm oj `ji b`vd tgdm adjhgds `ji hgòrs te sot ej `ji moxdi

fer tgdm hgddsd `ji a`rndy `ji ydnnew gejdy oj Sr`mjd`j wojd< `ji

`mejb tgd feei sgd sprojlndi a`jdfun irubs. te m`ld tgdm uttdrny

ferbdt tgdor j`tovd n`ji* @ji tgdj wgdj sgd gì bovdj ot te tgdm `ji

tgdy gì irujl ot up. stròbgtw`y sgd smetd tgdm wotg gdr st`ff `ji

pdjjdi tgdm oj pob-styds* @ji. ne. tgdy gì tgd gdìs ef swojd `ji tgd

veohd `ji tgd arostnds. yd` `ji tgd aeiy tgdrdef.1`nadot tgdor ujidr-

st`jiojb w`s stdìf`st `s `ferdtomd*" 8

Ot jddidi jet ejny Eiyssdus"s gum`j sweri aut Gdrmds" iovojd

gdra te rdshud tgd peer feens frem Horhd"s an`hl m`boh*

Ygdrd`ftdr. Eiyssdus gomsdnf weuni g`vd bejd idnoadr`tdny te

gos id`tg. oj tgd Xordjs" hnuthgds. wgdj tgd djhg`jtmdjt ef tgdor

sojbojb fdnn upej gos d`rs. gì gd jet adferdg`ji steppdi gos hem-

p`joejs" d`rs wotg w`x `ji mìd tgdm aoji gom g`ji `ji feet te

tgd m`st `ji djkeojdi upej tgdm ejny te muntopny gos aejis of gd

adseubgt tgdm te rdnd`sd gom*9

Sdrg`ps tgd gdre os nd`st gdreoh wgdj. sgopwrdhldi `ji `nejd.

gd os w`sgdi up ej H`nypse"s osn`ji `ji os lojiny djtrd`tdi ay tgd

Beiidss4 ` fòrdr tg`j Sdjdnepd6 wge t`lds gom te iwdnn wotg

gdr oj gdr d`rtgny p`rìosd2`ji premosds gom `j ommert`notyef pdr-

pdtu`n yeutg*7 Gd fojis s`nv`toej wgdj tgd jympg hd`sds te pnd`sd

gom wgdj gd adbojs te p`ss gos jobgts `s `j ujwonnojb nevdr oj gdr

wonnojb `rms `ji gos i`ys sottojb ej tgd sd`-sgerd '`s gd os sgewj

`t gos forst `ppd`r`jhd oj tgd pedm/ wotg gos dyds jdvdr iry ef td`rs

`ji gos nofd daaojb `w`y oj gos nejbojb fer gemd*? Ygos rdvent. oj

tgd dobgtg yd`r ef ` p`ssovd h`ptovoty.03`bòjst ` st`td ef mdn`jhgeny

d`sd oj wgohg gd mobgt g`vd hejtojudi fer dvdrmerd. os tgd ojw`ri

rdnd`sd wgohg g`s ots dxtdrj`n heujtdrp`rt oj tgd ojtdrhdssoej ef

@tgdjd adferd tgd tgrejd ef [dus `ji oj tgd noadr`tojb mossoej

ef Gdrmds* 00 Rgdj H`nypse pndìs wotg gom. `t tgd n`st memdjt.

te rdmòj. Eiyssdus `jswdrs ;

0

Nìy Beiidss. ad jet wretg wotg md fer tgos* O. dvdj O. ljew ot `nn ;

O ljew tg`t tgd pruidjt Sdjdnepd os jet te ad hemp`rdi wotg tgdd. oj

r Ei* OW. 00* ?1-031* @j gosteroh`n `j`nebud te tgos ndbdji`ry ojhoidjt os tgd seperofoh

dffdht upej tgd Senyjdso`j j`vob`ters ef tgd swddts ef rdpesd ej tgd Xeutg Xd` Osn`jis*

'Xdd pp* 08-04. àevd/+ Hemp`rd Sn`te"s idshroptoej ef "tgd Hoty ef Xwojd+ m Ygd Qdpuanoh. 86?8-8213.

wgohg os hotdi àevd m S`rt OO* A. ven* o. p* 0?8. feetjetd o*

8 Ei* W* T* 188-93*> Ei* WOO. 00* 8?-49 `ji 048-133*

+ Ei* Vg. 00* 144-2*+ Ei* V. 00* 100-07*

2 Xdd tgd adùtofun idshroptoej ef ot. `s Gdrmds s`w ot. oj Ei* V. 00* 68-29.7 Ei* V. 0* 13?. `ji VOO. 0* 142* Ei* V. 00* 040-7*03 Ei* VOO. 00* 14?-60* Ei* V. T* 0-097*




foburd jer oj st`turd. f`hd te f`hd* Xgd os ` mert`n wem`j. wgond tgeu `rt

id`tgndss `ji `bdndss*_dt jejd tgd ndss O nejb `ji pr`y iòny te rd`hg

my gemd `ji te adgeni tgd i`y efmy rdturjojb* _d`. `ji of semd Bei

sg`nn wrdhl md oj tgd wojd-f`hdi sd`. O wonn djiurd ot* Fer O g`vd oj

my ard`st ` sporotwdnn shgeendi oj djiurojb serrews* @nrdìy g`vd O

suffdrdi funn m`jy. `ji g`vd aerjd tgd auffdrojbs ef w`vd `ji w`r*

O h`rd jet of tgos etgdr anew ad ìidi ujte tgesd* :x

Rgdj Eiyssdus spd`ls tgdsd weris. gd os gos hnd`r-sobgtdi `ji

ojiemotànd sdnf `bòj< `ji jetgojb jet dvdj Sesdoiej"s foj`n

streld ef m`nohd. wgohg tgd gdre ferdsdds h`j prdvdjt gom frem

rd`hgojb Otg`h` jew* Merdevdr. `s gd ljews `nrdìy frem tgd

meutg ef Ydordso`s" bgest. gd wonn jet rdst ej gos e`rs. dvdj wgdj

gd g`s rdbòjdi gos gemd `ji snòj Sdjdnepd"s suoters* @jetgdr

keurjdy `wòts gom. oj wgohg gd must ad`r gos e`r ej gos sgeunidr

`ji dxhg`jbd tgd teons `ji pdronsef tgd sd` fer tgesd ef tgd n`ji* 1

Ygd Fndsg Sets ef Dbypt

Ygos metofoj tgd Gdnndjoh stery ef Eiyssdus" rdturj frem Yrey te

Otg`h` `ppd`rs. oj ` v`ro`jt ferm. oj tgd Xyro`h stery ef tgd Hgesdj

Sdepnd"s dxeius frem Dbypt te tgd Sremosdi N`ji* Ygd `ttr`htoej

wgohg ujidrmojds tgd rdsenutoej ef tgd Osr`dnotds iurojb tgdor

w`jidrojbs oj tgd wonidrjdss os jet tgd prdsdjt idnobgt ef ` Netus

N`ji er ` H`nypse"s Osnd. aut ` g`jldrojb `ftdr tgd fndsg pets ef

Dbypt.8 wgohg m`y pdrg`ps ad tgdors `bòj te-merrew of ejny tgdy

turj a`hl jew* Ygdy g`vd je seejdr hressdi tgd sd` iry-sgei. `ji

sddj Sg`règ `ji gos gest pdrosg oj tgd rdturjojb w`tdrs. tg`j tgdy

adboj te murmur oj tgd wonidrjdss `bòjst Mesds `ji @`rej ;

"Reuni te Bei wd gì iodi ay tgd g`ji ef tgd Neri oj tgd N`ji ef

Dbypt. wgdj wd s`t ay tgd fndsg pets `ji wgdj wd ioi h`t ardì te tgdfunn< fer yd g`vd areubgt us fertg ojte tgos wonidrjdss te lonn tgos wgend

`ssdmany wotg gujbdr*9

* * *

"Rgdrdferd os tgos tg`t tgeu g`st areubgt us up eut ef Dbypt. te lonn

us `ji eur hgonirdj `ji eur h`ttnd wotg tgorst5 4* * .

"Rge sg`nn bovd us fndsg te d`t5 Rd rdmdmadr tgd fosg wgohg wd ioi

d`t oj Dbypt frddny tgd huhumadrs `ji tgd mdnejs `ji tgd nddls `ji tgd

ejoejs `ji tgd b`rnoh aut jew eur seun os irodi `w`y; tgdrd os jetgojb`t `nn adsoid tgos m`jj` adferd eur dyds*"

6

Dvdj wgdj tgdy g`vd hressdi tgd wonidrjdss `s sX`fdny `s tgdy gìhressdi tgd sd`. `ji st`ji `t n`st ej tgd tgrdsgeni ef H`j``j. tgdor



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 14

tgeubgts fny a`hl te Dbypt `s tgdy nostdj te tgd dvon rdpert ef tgdor

spods tgdor sobgt ef tgd Xejs ef @j`l. tgd hgonirdj ef tgd bo`jts.

oj wgesd prdsdjhd tgd spods gì sddmdi `ji fdnt nold br`ssgeppdrs*

"@ji `nn tgd hejbrdb`toej noftdi up tgdor veohd `ji hrodi< `ji tgd

pdepnd wdpt tg`t jobgt* @ji `nn tgd hgonirdj ef Osr`dn murmurdi

`bòjst Mesds `ji `bòjst @`rej. `ji tgd wgend hejbrdb`toej sòi ujte

tgdm; Reuni Bei tg`t wd gì iodi oj tgd n`ji ef Dbypt! Er weuni

Bei wd gì iodi oj tgos wonidrjdss! @ji wgdrdferd g`tg tgd Neri

areubgt us ujte tgos n`ji. te f`nn ay tgd sweri. tg`t eur wovds `ji eur

hgonirdj sgeuni ad ` prdy5 Rdrd ot jet adttdr fer us te rdturj ojte

Dbypt5 @ji tgdy sòi ejd te `jetgdr; Ndt us m`ld ` h`ptòj `ji

ndt us rdturj ojte Dbypt*K0

Ygd Hgesdj Sdepnd `rd ujànd te djtdr ojte tgdor ojgdrot`jhd ujton

tgos gùjtojb `ji djdrv`tojb rdhenndhtoej ef tgd fndsg pets g`s addj

dff`hdi< `ji ot os jet dff`hdi ujton ferty yd`rs ef purb`tery spdjtoj w`jidrojb evdr tgd f`hd ef tgd wonidrjdss wgohg tgdy g`vd kust

put adgoji tgdm oj ejd stròbgt `ji r`poi trdl g`vd areubgttgd enidr bdjdr`toej te tgd br`vd `ji tgd yeujbdr bdjdr`toej te

m`jgeei* 1

YgdIe`syeunolds

Ygdsd p`ss`bds frem mytg `ji gostery surdny idmejstr`td.

adtwddj tgdm. tg`t wgdj pdepnd `rd tr`jsn`tdi wgdtgdr oj "rd`n

nofd+ er oj om`boj`toej frem hejiotoejs ef prdssurd ojte hejiotoejs

ef d`sd. tgd dffdht upej tgdor adg`voeur os idmer`nozojb* Ot m`y

pdrg`ps ad rdtertdi tg`t tgos os ` truosm. `ji tg`t wd mobgt g`vd

sp`rdi eursdnvds tgd treuand ef idmejstr`tojb tgd f`ht `ji jet

g`vd evdrneeldi tgd eavoeus dxpn`j`toej* Ygd onn dffdht. ot m`y

ad `rbudi.os

` hejsdqudjhd ef tgd prehdss ef tr`jsotoej `ji jet `

hejsdqudjhd ef tgd hejiotoej oj wgohg tgd tr`jsotoej rdsunts. "_eu

ojfdr. frem tgd onnustr`toejs wgohg yeu g`vd put adferd us. tg`t

hejiotoejs ef d`sd `rd ojomoh`n te hovonoz`toej oj tgdmsdnvds* _eu

mobgt `s wdnn `rbud tg`t ` funn stem`hg os ojomoh`n te gd`ntg ej tgd

breuji tg`t ` gd`vy md`n g`s addj ljewj te prevd f`t`n te `

st`rvojb m`j* _eu ljew vdry wdnn tg`t tgd prepdr trd`tmdjt fer

st`rv`toej os jdotgdr te fonn tgd p`todjt"s dmpty stem`hg `t ejd

sottojb

jer te

lddp

gom `t st`rv`toej

peojt

oj

pdrpdtuoty.

aut te

rd-`hhustem gom te t`lojb ` jerm`n `meujt ef jeurosgmdjt ay

ojhrd`sojb gos r`toej brìu`nny* Ygd ios`streus dffdht ef tgd gd`vy

md`n upej tgd gd`ntg eftgd st`rvojbm`jw`s iud jette `jyojgdrdjt

fùnt oj tgd qu`jtoty ef tgd funn r`toej. aut sendny te tgd r`sg àrupt-

jdss wotg wgohg ot w`s ìmojostdrdi*" Oj eridr te mddt tgos

+ Jumadrs xvo* 0-9*+ Jumadrs xov* `6-8X- Ej tgos peojt. sdd `nse OO* H 'oo/ 'a/ 1. ven* o. pp* 889-4o

àevd*




hrotohosm. wd must turj te tgd sdheji ef tgd twe sotu`toejs wgohg

wd g`vd iostojbuosgdi àevd tgd sotu`toej ef pdepnd oj `j d`sy

djvorejmdjt wge g`vd jdvdr. se f`r `s os ljewj. addj dxpesdi te

`jy etgdr djvorejmdjt sojhd tgdor prd-gum`j `jhdsters adh`md

mdj* Oj tgos h`sd. tgd f`hter ef tr`jsotoej os dnomoj`tdi `ji wd `rd

djàndi te stuiy tgd dffdht ef d`sy hejiotoejs oj tgd àsenutd*

Gdrd os `j ùtgdjtoh pohturd ef ot frem Jy`s`n`ji. `s sddj ay `

Rdstdrj easdrvdr. jd`rny g`nf ` hdjtury `be. oj tgd d`rny i`ys ef

"tgd epdjojb-up ef @froh`";

"Goiidj `w`y oj tgdsd djindss ferdsts. nold aoris" jdsts oj ` weei. oj

tdrrer ef ejd `jetgdr. `ji ef tgdor hemmej fed. tgd sn`vdr. `rd sm`nnj`tovd vonn`bds< `ji gdrd oj gos vorboj sompnohoty iwdnns Srom`dv`n M`j.wotgeut hnetgds. wotgeut hovonos`toej. wotgeut nd`rjojb. wotgeut rdnoboej

tgd bdjuojd hgoni ef J`turd. tgeubgtndss. h`rdndss. `ji hejtdjtdi*

Ygos m`j os `pp`rdjtny quotd g`ppy< gd g`s pr`htoh`nny je w`jts* Ejd

stohl. peojtdi. m`lds gom ` spd`r< twe stohls ruaadi tebdtgdr m`ld gom

` ford< fofty stohls todi tebdtgdr m`ld gom ` geusd* Ygd a`rl gd pddns

frem tgdm m`lds gos hnetgds< tgd fruots wgohg g`jb ej tgdm ferm gos

feei* Ot os pdrfdhtny `stejosgojb. wgdj ejd tgojls ef ot. wg`t J`turd h`j

ie fer tgd `jom`n-m`j. te sdd wotg wg`t sm`nn h`pot`n `ftdr `nn ` gum`j

adojb h`j bdt tgreubg tgd Rerni* O ejhd s`w `j @froh`j aurodi* @hheri-

ojb te tgd hustem ef gos troad. gos djtord d`rtgny pessdssoejs `ji gd w`s

`j `vdr`bd hemmejdr wdrd aurodi wotg gom* Ojte tgd br`vd. `ftdr tgd

aeiy. w`s newdrdi tgd idì m`j"s popd. tgdj ` reubg ljofd. tgdj `

mui aewn. `ji n`st gos aew `ji `rrews tgd aewstrojb hut tgreubg tgd

moiind. ` teuhgojb symaen tg`t ots werl w`s iejd* Yg`t w`s `nn* Feur

otdms. `s `j ùhtoejddr weuni s`y. wdrd tgd wgend adnejbojbs fer g`nf `

hdjtury ef tgos gum`j adojb* Je m`j ljews wg`t ` m`j os tonn gd g`s

sddj wg`t ` m`j h`j ad wotgeut. `ji ad wotg`n ` m`j* Yg`t os te s`y. je

m`j ljews gew brd`tM`j os tonn gd g`s sddj gew sm`nn gd g`s addj ejhd*"Ygd @froh`j os eftdj an`mdi fer adojb n`zy. aut ot os ` mosusd efweris*

Gd ieds jet jddi te werl< wotg se aeujtofun ` J`turd reuji gom ot

weuni ad br`tuoteus te werl* @ji gos ojiendjhd. tgdrdferd. `s ot os

h`nndi. os kust `s muhg ` p`rt ef gomsdnf `s gos fn`t jesd. `ji `s nottnd

an`mdwertgy `s snewjdss oj ` terteosd* Ygd f`ht os. @froh` os ` j`toej ef

tgd ujdmpneydi*"Ygos hempndtdjdss. gewdvdr. wonn ad ` sì ir`wa`hl te idvdnepmdjt*

@nrdìy ot os feuji ioffohunt te hrd`td jdw w`jts<`ji wgdj nàeur os

rdquordi. `ji yeu g`vd `nrdìy pòi yeur m`j ` y`ri ef h`nohe `ji `strojb ef adìs. yeu g`vd jetgojb oj yeur pessdssoej te aroad gom te

`jetgdr g`ji"s turj* Jetgojb `nmest tg`t yeu g`vd weuni ad tgd

snobgtdst usd te gom* * * *

+@ fojd-neelojb pdepnd. quodt `ji iemdstoh. tgdor nofd-gostery frem tgdhrìnd te tgd br`vd os ef tgd utmest

sompnohoty* Yee onn `rmdi te gujt.tgdy novd `nn aut dxhnusovdny ej ` vdbdtànd iodt* @ sm`nn p`rt ef tgd yd`rtgdy idpdji. nold tgd mejldys. upej woni fruots `ji gdras< aut tgd

st`pnd feei os ` sm`nn t`stdndss monndt-sddi wgohg tgdy brew oj b`ridjs.



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 12

hrusg oj ` mert`r. `ji stor wotg w`tdr ojte ` tgohl perroibd* Ywohd `

i`y. jd`rny `nn tgd yd`r reuji. d`hg m`j stuffs gomsdnf wotg tgos he`rsd

`ji t`stdndss ieubg. sgevdnnojb ot ojte gos meutg oj g`jifuns. `ji hej-

sumojb `t ` sottojb ` pond tgd sozd ef `j `jt-gd`p* Gos ejd ehhup`toej os te

brew tgos monndt. `ji gos b`ridjojb os ` huroesoty* Xdndhtojb ` spet oj tgd

ferdst. gd hnomas ` trdd. `ji wotg ` sm`nn gemd-mìd `xd neps eff tgd

ar`jhgds ejd ay ejd* Gd tgdj wìds tgreubg tgd nottdr te tgd jdxt trdd.

`ji g`hls ot te podhds `nse. nd`vojb tgd trujl st`jiojb drdht* Tpej `nn

tgd trdds wotgoj ` horhnd ef tgorty er ferty y`ris" io`mdtdr gos `xd werls

somon`r g`veh. tonn tgd breuji st`jis ard`st-gobg oj nd`vds `ji ar`jhgds*

Jdxt. tgd wgend os sdt ej ford `ji aurjt te `sgds* Ygdj. wgdj tgd forst

ròjs meostdj tgd g`ri breuji `ji w`sg tgd fdrtond hgdmoh`n hejstotudjts

ef tgd `sg ojte tgd seon. gd `tt`hls ot wotg gos ged. ireps oj ` fdw g`ji-

funs ef monndt. `ji tgd yd`r"s werl os evdr* Aut ` fdw wddls eff `ji ej`rd rdquordi fer tgdsd epdr`toejs. `ji gd m`y be te snddp tonn tgd ròjs `rd

evdr. `ssurdi ef ` hrep wgohg jdvdr fòns. wgohg os jdvdr peer. `ji wgohg

wonn n`st gom tonn tgd ròjs rdturj `bòj*

"Adtwddj tgd `hts gd ieds jetgojb aut neujbd `ji snddp <gos wofd. er

wovds. `rd tgd monndrs `ji a`ldrs< tgdy werl g`ri te prdp`rd gos feei.

`ji `rd rdw`ridi ay g`vojb te t`ld tgdor ewj md`ns `p`rt. fer je @froh`j

weuni dvdr idmd`j gomsdnf ay d`tojb wotg ` wem`j* O g`vd trodi te

tgojl ef semdtgojb dnsd tg`t tgdsd pdepnd gàotu`nny ie. aut tgdor

v`hueus nofd nd`vds jetgojb merd te tdnn*"0

Ygos podhd ef forst-g`ji tdstomejy te tgd Xtges `ji adg`voeur ef

M`rx oj `j d`sy djvorejmdjt g`s addj hgesdj fer quet`toej gdrd

adhùsd ef tgd rdm`rlànd sg`rpjdss ef vosoej `ji idptg ef ojsobgt

wgohg tgd wotjdss iospn`ys <aut ef heursd gos dvoidjhd ieds jet

st`ji `nejd* Ot heuni ad suppertdi. of tg`t wdrd jdhdss`ry. ay etgdr

meidrj Rdstdrj dvoidjhd. r`jbojb oj Yomd evdr tgd feur hdjturods

tg`t g`vd dn`psdi sojhd Rdstdrj M`j forst adb`j te t`ld tgd wgend

Rerni fer gos fodni. `ji r`jbojb oj Xp`hd evdr `nn p`rts ef tgd

Rerni wgdrd gd g`s feuji promotovd sehodtods stonn survovojb*1

Frem tgd eppesotd dxtrdmoty ef Yrepoh`n @froh`. wd heuni hotd

somon`r idshroptoejs ef tgd nofd ef tgd Iojl` `ji tgd Xgonnul ` nofd

wgohg dxgoaots te-i`y. nold semd spdhomdj oj "` novojb musdum". tgd

horhumst`jhds oj wgohg tgd f`tgdrs ef tgd Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej

wdrd novojb adferd tgdy rdspejidi te tgd hg`nndjbd ef idsohh`toej

`ji pnujbdi ojte tgd kujbnd-sw`mp ef tgd Newdr Jond V`nndy*8

+Irummejhn. G*; Yrepoh`n @froh` 'Nejiej 0777. Geiidr `ji Xteubgtej/. pp* 44-6

`ji 47-?*` kfer ` survdy `ji hn`ssofoh`toej ef promotovd sehodtods tg`t g`vd hemd ujidr tgd iordht

easdrv`toej ef eur meidrj Rdstdrj dxpnerdrs `ji `jtgrepenebosts. sdd Ygd M`tdro`n

Hunturd `ji Xeho`n Ojstotutoejs ef tgd Xompndr Sdepnds; `j dss`y oj herrdn`toej. ay Gea-

geusd. N* Y*. Rgddndr. B* H** `ji Bojsadrb. M* 'Nejiej 0?04. Hg`pm`j `ji G`nn.

rdprojtdi oj 0?83/. wgohg g`s addj hotdi àevd oj O* H 'm/ '`^ ven* o. p* 092. feetjetd `

8 Xdh tgd idshroptoej ef tgd seho`n ojstotutoejs ef tgd Iojl` `ji tgd Xgonnul wgohg g`s

addj quetdi àevd oj OO* H 'oo/ '6/ 1. ven*o.ej p* 808. frem Hgonid. V* B*; Ygd Mest

@jhodjt D`st 'Nejiej 0?17. Ldb`j Sùn/. pp* 03-0 0* Fer ` funndr `hheujt. sdd Xdnobm`j.

H* B* `ji A* [*; S`b`j Yroads ef tgd Jonetoh Xui`j 'Nejiej 0?81. Qeutndibd/*




@bòj. tgos Yrepoh`n @froh`j dvoidjhd heuni ad rdojferhdi ay

rdheris ef promotovd trepoh`n nofd oj iost`jt nejbotuids ; oj @m`zejo` 0

er oj Mdn`jdso`*1 @nn tgos meidrj Rdstdrj dvoidjhd os rdìony

`hhdssoand< `ji fer tgos rd`sej wd wonn geni ot oj rdsdrvd `jiwonn

hnesd eur rdvodw ef tgd dffdht ef d`sy hejiotoejs oj tgd àsenutd '`s

iostojht frem tgd dffdht ef d`sy hejiotoejs suhhddiojb te ioffohunt

hejiotoejs. wgohg wd g`vd dx`mojdi `nrdìy/ ay hotojb ` idshrop-

toej ef Gdnndjoh ùtgersgop. `nadot tgos idshroptoej os ejny bovdj `t

sdheji g`ji `ji g`s m`jofdstny addj djrohgdi ay hdrtòj ndbdji`ry

teuhgds* Gdrd os Gdreietus"s `hheujt ef ` pdepnd h`nndi tgd @rbop-

p`do wge wdrd te ad feuji `t tgd f`rtgdst dxtrdmoty. `s ot steei oj

gos

i`y.

ef tgd trìd-reutdndìojb

frem tgd Brddl sdttndmdjts ej

tgd jertg he`st ef tgd An`hl Xd` jertg-d`stw`ri ojte tgd ojtdroer ef

tgd brd`t Dur`so`j Xtdppd ;8

"Tp te tgos peojt. tgd wgend ef tgd heujtry tg`t O g`vd idshroadi os

pnòj-n`ji wotg ` iddp seon. aut frem tgos peojt ejw`ris ot os areldj

heujtry `ji tgd seon os stejy* Of yeu hress tgos areldj heujtry `ji

tgdrd os ` brd`t strdthg ef ot yeu hemd te tgd feetgonns ef nefty meuj-

tòjs<`ji tgdsd feetgonns `rd ojgàotdi ay pdepnd wge `rd `nn a`ni frem

aortg. mdj `ji wemdj `nold* Ygdy `nse g`vd sjua jesds `ji ausgy

ad`ris. `ji ` n`jbu`bd ef tgdor ewj. tgeubg tgdy wd`r Xhytgo`j hnetgds<`ji tgdy novd eff trdds* Ygd trdd effwgohg tgdy novd os h`nndi tgd Sejtohum*

Ot os kust àeut tgd sozd ef ` fob-trdd. `ji ot ad`rs ` fruot tgd sozd ef ` ad`j.

wotg ` stejd oj ot* Rgdj tgd fruot ropdjs. tgdy a`b ot oj hnetgs. `ji tgdj

ot dxuids ` tgohl an`hl suast`jhd wgohg os h`nndi `shgy* Ygos tgdy dotgdr

suhl er irojl moxdi wotg monl. wgond frem tgd tgohl irdbs tgdy m`ldh`lds `ji usd tgdsd fer senoi feei* Ygdy g`vd jet muhg novdstehl

adhùsd tgdrd os jet `jy beei p`sturdn`ji tgdrd<aut dvdry m`j novds

ujidr gos trdd* Oj tgd wojtdr gd hevdrs oj tgd trdd wotg ` tdjt ef hnesd

wgotd fdnt< oj tgd summdr gd novds ujidr tgd trdd oj tgd epdj* Ygdsdpdepnd `rd jet onn-trd`tdi ay `jyaeiy* Ygdy `rd ndft oj pd`hd adhùsd

tgdy `rd rdb`ridi `s geny. `ji tgdy pessdss je `rms* Ygdor jdobgaeurs

arojb tgdor iosputds te tgdm fer `raotr`toej. `ji `jyejd wge t`lds

`synum wotg tgdm os s`fd frem ojkury*"9

Ygos Gdnndjoh idshroptoej ef promotovd nofd oj Hdjtr`n @so` `ji

tgd ferdbeojb Rdstdrj idshroptoej ef promotovd nofd oj Hdjtr`n

@froh` bovd. adtwddj tgdm. ` hnd`r pohturd ef gew M`j ieds novd

wgdrd gd g`s jdvdr addjdxpesdi

te `hg`nndjbd

dotgdr frem tgd

0 Fer tgd àsdjhd ef rdspejsd te `jy stomunus frem tgd djvorejmdjt oj tgd @m`zejA`soj 'dxhdpt. ef heursd. ej ots @jid`j rom/. sdd tgd `nnusoejs oj Md`js. S* @ ; @jhodjtHovonos`toejs ef tgd @jids 'Jdw _erl 0?80. Xhroajdr/. p* 1). qu`nofodi ay Jeridjslotfni"èasdrv`toejs wgohg g`vd addj hotdi oj OO* H 'oo/ '`/ 1. ven* o. ej p* 14?. feetjetd o. àevd*

1 Xdd M`nojewslo. A*; @rbejùts ef tgd S`hofoh 'Nejiej 0?11. Qeutndibd/*8 Ygd pessoaonoty tg`t. ` hdjtury er se adferd Gdreietus"s i`y. tgos trìd-reutd m`y

g`vd dxtdjidi robgt `hress tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd. frem tgd jertg-d`stdrj dxtrdmoty ef tgdGdnndjoh Rerni te tgd jertg-wdstdrj dxtrdmoty ef tgd Xojoh Rerni. os dx`mojdi ayGuisej. B* F*. m Durepd `ji Hgoj`; @ Xurvdy ef tgdor Qdn`toejsfrem tgd D`rnodst Yomdste 0733 'Nejiej 0?80. Diw`ri @rjeni/. hg* o * "Adyeji tgd Jertg Roji"*

+Gdreietus. Aeel OV. hg* 18* Xdd `nse hgs* 19 `ji 14*



W@@DG@ Y@ L@@@ 1?

pgysoh`ner frem tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt* Gd vdbdt`tds. quotd

hemfertàny `ji g`ppony. oj ` st`td ef ndtg`rby< `ji. te `nn `ppd`r-

`jhd. gd mobgt hejtojud te vdbdt`td ojpdrpdtuoty. wdrd gd jet ej

tgdpeojt

efadojb dxpesdi

te `fermoiànd hg`nndjbd frem tgd

gum`j djvorejmdjt `t n`st*

Ygos ommojdjt hg`nndjbd os pertdjidi oj tgd vdry f`ht tg`t gos

m`jjdr ef nofd g`s hemd ujidr tgd easdrv`toej ef ejd ef tgesd

djdrbdtoh sehodtods tg`t `rd oj prehdss ef hovonoz`toej< fer gos

djheujtdr wotg tgdsd ompertuj`td str`jbdrs wonn jet dji oj `

mdrd pn`tejoh `hquòjt`jhd* Ygdy easdrvd oj eridr te t`ld `htoej<

`ji. wgdj ejhd tgd dxpnerdr g`s hressdi tgd promotovd"s tgrdsgeni.

tgd trìdr `ji tgd mossoej`ry `ji tgd seniodr `rd surd te fennew oj

quohl suhhdssoej `t tgd dxpnerdr"s gddns* Ygd promotovd"s osen`toej

os tdrmoj`tdi. gos pd`hd os areldj. gos hemfert `ji g`ppojdss `rd

rdpn`hdi ay ` hejshoeusjdss ef prdssurd `ji ` fddnojb ef `jxodty*

Oj f`ht. gd os hejfrejtdi ay ` hg`nndjbd ujidr wgohg ot os ompessoand

fer gos ndtg`rby te pdrsost* Ygd ndtg`rby m`y p`ss ojte id`tg er ot

m`y p`ss ojte `htoej. aut ej dotgdr `ntdrj`tovd ot wonn p`ss `w`y*Ygd pessoand `ntdrj`tovd euthemds ef hennosoejs adtwddj promotovd

sehodtods `ji sehodtods oj prehdss ef hovonoz`toej `rd dx`mojdi oj

n`tdr p`rts ef tgos Xtuiy*0 Oj tgos pn`hd wd `rd hejhdrjdi sendny wotg

tgd st`td oj wgohg tgd promotovd sehodtods `rd feuji dxostojb `t tgd

memdjt wgdj tgd forst hejt`ht t`lds pn`hd* Ygos st`td m`lds ` pre-

feuji omprdssoej upej tgd ojtruidrs adhùsd tgdrd os `j dxtrdmd

hejtr`st adtwddj tgd twe hennoiojb w`ys ef nofd adtwddj tgd Xtges

ef pdepnd wge g`vd addj sgdntdrdi frem hg`nndjbds gotgdrte ay `j

d`sy djvorejmdjt `ji tgd fdtges ef pdepnd wge g`vd addj hg`nndjbdi

`ji g`vd rdspejidi vohteroeusny* Ygos omprdssoej werls se pewdr-

funny upej tgd ojtruidrs" dmetoejs `ji om`boj`toej tg`t ot ossuds oj

mytgeneby*

Ygd hn`ssoh Gdnndjoh dxpesotoej ef tgd mytg os tgd fànd ef tgd

Netus D`tdrs. wgohg wd g`vd quetdi `nrdìy `prepes ef tgd dffdht

ef tgd netus fruot upej Eiyssdus" hemp`joejs*1 @ hn`ssoh Rdstdrj

dxpesotoej os "Ygd Gostery ef tgd Brd`t `ji F`meus J`toej ef tgd

Ie`syeunolds. wge h`md `w`y frem tgd Heujtry ef G`riwerl

adhùsd tgdy w`jtdi te pn`y ej tgd Kdws" G`rp `nn i`y nejb"* Oj

Hg`rnds Lojbsndy"s fànd. `j omprevoidjt pdepnd wge pdrsost oj

novojb ` nofd ef promotovd d`sd oj `j d`rtgny p`rìosd evdrsgìewdi

ay tgd druptovd hr`tdr ef Dtj`. p`y tgd pdj`nty ay idbdjdr`tojb

ojte Yrepoh`n @froh`j beronn`s*Ygos os tgd hempndmdjt te `jetgdr

Rdstdrj fànd wgohg wd g`vd id`nt wotg oj `j d`rnodr hg`ptdr;8

+ Oj ` bdjdr`n w`y tgdy `rd dx`mojdi oj S`rt VOOO< tgd spdho`n h`sd ef tgd hennosoejs

adtwddj promotovd sehodtods `ji eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej os furtgdr dx`mojdi ojoj

k*VYY

` Xdd pp* 11-8. àevd* 8 Xdd OO. H 'oo/ '`/ O. ven*o. pp* 106-10. àevd*




"Ygd Gostery ef tg`t Vortueus `ji Srevoidjt Hrd`turd Jerioh

M`j. wge fennewdi tgd rdtrd`tojb Ohd H`p adhùsd gd w`jtdi te

g`ridj gos Mer`n Foard*" Oj tgd Rdstdrj vdrsoej ef tgd mytg.

wgohg tgdsd twe fànds hejvdy adtwddj tgdm. tgd hnd`r vosoej ef tgd

promotovd dtges oj `j d`sy djvorejmdjt. wgohg wd foji oj tgd vdrsd

ef Gemdr `ji tgd presd ef Gdreietus. os eashurdi ay tgd mosts ef

sdnf-robgtdeusjdss `ji sdnf-ojtdrdst* _dt tgdsd andmosgds `rd orrdnd-

v`jt te eur prdsdjt purpesd < `ji. of wd hejsdjt fer tgd memdjt te

objerd tgdm. wd m`y pdrhdovd. ujidrnyojb tgdm. tgd pgonesepgoh

trutg wgohg wd g`vd stuiodi oj tgd Xyro`h fànd ef tgd B`ridj ef

Didj* 0 Ygd s`md pgonesepgoh trutg os morrerdi oj tgd fànd ef tgd

Netus D`tdrs* Oj f`ht. tgdeakdhtovd

vodw ef tgdpromotovd

dtges oj

d`sy horhumst`jhds os feuji. wgdj wd àstr`ht ot.1 te ad suast`j-

to`nny tgd s`md oj tgd mojis ef tgd Rdstdrj `ji tgd Gdnndjoh

easdrvdr* @nold. tgdy sdd tg`t tgd promotovd djvorejmdjt prdsdjts

tgd sg`rpdst hejtr`st te tgdor ewj< tgdy sdd tg`t tgdrd os ` herrd-

spejiojb hejtr`st adtwddj tgd Xtges wgohg g`s addj ojiuhdi oj tgd

0 Xdd OO* H 'no/ '/ o. ven* o. pp* 1?3-8. àevd. fer ` ioshussoej ef tgd fànd ef tgd

B`ridj ef Didj `ji fer tgd rdndv`jt quet`toejs frem Gdsoei. Sn`te. Vorbon. Erobdj.

Venjdy. Gujtojbtej. `ji Myrds* Ot wonn ad jetohdi tg`t tgd tgrdd p`ss`bds quetdi fremtgd werls ef Rdstdrj shgen`rs `rd sompny dxpurb`tdi vdrsoejs ef tgd mytg wgohg tgd

fànd ef Jerioh M`j rdjidrs se hruidny*z Oj `nn vdrsoejs ef tgd mytg. tgd eakdhtovd vodw tgd purdny ojtdnndhtu`n pdrhdptoej ef

tgd f`hts g`s te ad iosdjt`jbndi frem hdrtòj `dstgdtoh `ji dmetoej`n hejhemot`jts*

Ygd ioffdrdjhd adtwddj tgd turjs wgohg tgdsd hejhemot`jts t`ld oj tgd Rdstdrj `jiGdnndjoh vdrsoejs tgrews semd ojtdrdstojb soid-nobgts upej tgd ioffdrdjhd ef eutneel

wgohg iostojbuosgds tgd Gdnndjoh frem eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej* Oj tgd fànd eftgd Netus

D`tdrs. tgd ojjehdjhd `ji g`ppojdss ef tgd promotovd fotges oj d`sy horhumst`jhds `rd

`pprdho`tdi `t tgdor funn `dstgdtoh v`nud `pprdho`tdi se lddjny tg`t tgd Gdnndjoh easdrvdr

fddns ` novdny fd`r ef adojb h`ptov`tdi ay tgos hg`rmojb w`y ef nofd `ji suhhumaojb te ots

ndtg`rby `ji se adojb adbuondi ojte à`jiejojb tgesd pr`htoh`n djis ej tgd pursuot ef

wgohg gos ewj hovonoz`toej idpdjis* Ygd Gdnndjd ieds jet w`jt te rdm`ld tgd NetusD`tdr m gos ewj om`bd* Ojiddi. tgd oid` jdvdr ehhurs te gom* Gd os hejtdjt te `veoi

turjojb ojte ` Netus D`tdr gomsdnf. `ji dvdj ej tgos peojt gd os oj twe mojis* @s gd

sòns `w`y. gd neels a`hl ej Netus N`ji wotg ` hdrtòj wostfun rdbrdt* "Sdrg`ps". gdtgojls. +O mobgt g`vd addj g`ppodr `s ` Netus D`tdr `ftdr `nnn" Ygd Rdstdrj easdrvdr"s

`ttotuid os `musojbny ioffdrdjt* @s ` rund. gd os anoji te tgd adùty ef tgd nofd wgohg gdos easdrvojb* @ M`nojewslo"s `pprdho`toej ef tgd `rtostoh `ji rotu`n `ji seho`n rdfojd-

mdjts wotg wgohg "tgd @rbejùts ef tgd S`hofoh" ehhupy tgdor v`st ndosurd os tgd dxhdptoejwgohg prevds tgd rund* Ygd typoh`n Rdstdrj easdrvdr iosmossds suhg promotovd ehhup`-toejs `s hgoni"s-pn`y `ji trovo`noty `ji w`std ef tomd* Gd os quotd ommujd frem tgd

pessoaonoty ef adojb h`ptov`tdi ay tgdrj gomsdnf. `ji tgdrd os je sgìew ef tgos fd`r ejgos moji* Ygd dmetoej wgohg gd fddns os iosbust iosbust tg`t tgd Ie`syeunolds sgeunig`vd pn`ydi tru`jt frem tgd Heujtry ef G`riwerl< iosbust tg`t tgd Xgonnul `ji tgd

Iojl` sgeuni g`vd dvìdi tgd hg`nndjbd ef idsohh`toej te wgohg tgd vortueus Dbypto`jg`s rdspejidi ay adhemojb ` f`nn`g* Oj tgd Rdstdrjdr"s vodw. tgos wd`l-mojidi

m`nojbdrojb os se hejtdmptoand tg`t ot must arojb tgd wrdthgds wge ojiunbd oj ot te `

aì dji* @ Ie`syeunold. ndft te gomsdnf. os aeuji te idbdjdr`td ojte ` beronn`* Ot fennewstg`t ot os tgd iuty ef Jerioh M`j te ojtdrvdjd. m eridr te s`vd tgd Ie`syeunold. oj spotdef gomsdnf. frem gos j`tur`n `ji wdnn-idsdrvdi f`td* Fertuj`tdny. iuty<

`ji sdnf-ojtdrdst

heojhoid. fer tgd Ie`syeunold h`j ejny ad s`vdi ay adojb rdmìd oj Jerioh M`j"som`bd. `ji tgd forst stdp oj tgos tr`jsfobur`toej os te m`ld gom sdrvd `j `pprdjtohdsgop ``

Jerioh M`j"s gdwdr efweei `ji ir`wdr ef w`tdr* Jerioh M`j h`j ie wotg `jy `meujtef hgd`p nàeur* +@ji wd ljew tg`t `nn tgojbs werl tebdtgdr fer beei te tgdm tg`t nevd

Bei. te tgdm wge `rd tgd h`nndi `hheriojb te Gos purpesd+ 'Qem`js vooo* 17/* Fertofodioj gos rdsenutoej ay tgos er`hnd frem tgd Xertds Aoanoh`d. Jerioh M`j t`lds tgd peerIe`syeunold formny oj g`ji `ji oj tgd v`roeus rends ef t`slm`stdr. s`ndsm`j. `ji

dv`jbdnost `reusds gom frem gos ndtg`rby. wotg untom`td hejsdqudjhds wgohg `rd jet ydt`pp`rdjt aut wgohg m`y prevd te ad surprosojb*



W@@DOO@ Y@ L@@@ 80

promotovd ay gos d`sy horhumst`jhds `ji tgd dtges wgohg g`s addj

ojiuhdi ay ` strdjueus nofd oj tgdmsdnvds< tgdy sdd tg`t tgd promo-

tovd wonn jet `ji h`jjet dvdr keoj tgdm oj rujjojb tgd r`hd ef

hovonoz`toej0 se

nejb`s `j

d`sy djvorejmdjt hejtojuds te sgodnigom frem tgd jdhdssoty< `ji

foj`nny tgdy sdd tg`t tgdy tgdmsdnvds.

of tgdy suhhuma te tgos ojsoioeus djvorejmdjt. wonn hd`sd te ruj

wotg p`todjhd tgd r`hd tg`t os sdt adferd tgdm*

OO* YGD XYOMTNTX EF G@QI HETJYQODX

@ Sn`j ef Epdr`toejs

Rd g`vd jew pdrg`ps dstànosgdi idhosovdny tgd trutg tg`t d`sd

os ojomoh`n te hovonoz`toej* Ygd rdsunts ef eur ojvdstob`toej up tetgos peojt `ppd`r te w`rr`jt tgd prepesotoej tg`t. tgd brd`tdr tgd

d`sd ef tgd djvorejmdjt. tgd wd`ldr tgd stomunus tew`ris hovonoz`-

toej wgohg tg`t djvorejmdjt ìmojostdrs te M`j* H`j wd jew

prehddi ejd stdp f`rtgdr5 @rd wd w`rr`jtdi oj fermun`tojb. oj

dqu`nny sompnd `ji àstr`ht tdrms. tgd ojvdrsd prepesotoej tg`t tgd

stomunus tew`ris hovonoz`toej brews strejbdr oj prepertoej `s tgd

djvorejmdjt brews merd ioffohunt5 Ndt us put tgos sdheji pre-

pesotoejte tgd tdst

ayeur

jewwdnn-trodi

dmporoh`nmdtgei* Ndt us

rdvodw forst tgd dvoidjhd oj f`veur ef tgd prepesotoej `ji tgdj tgd

dvoidjhd `bòjst ot. `ji sdd wg`t ojfdrdjhd dmdrbds* Dvoidjhd

ojioh`tojb tg`t tgd ioffohunty `ji tgd stomunus ef`j djvorejmdjt `rd

`pt te ojhrd`sdZ`rop`ssu os jet g`ri te n`y g`jis upej* Q`tgdr. wd

`rd noldny te ad dma`rr`ssdi ay tgd wd`ntg ef onnustr`toejs tg`t nd`p

te tgd moji* Mest ef tgdsd onnustr`toejs prdsdjt tgdmsdnvds oj tgd

ferm ef hemp`rosejs* Ndt us adboj ay sertojb eut eur onnustr`toejs

ojte twe breups oj wgohg tgd peojts ef hemp`rosej rdn`td te tgd

pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt `ji te tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt rdspdhtovdny<

`ji ndt us forst hejsoidr tgd pgysoh`n breup* Ot suaiovoids otsdnf ojte

twe h`tdberods; hemp`rosejs adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd stomun`tojb

dffdhts ef pgysoh`n djvorejmdjts wgohg prdsdjt ioffdrdjt idbrdds ef

ioffohunty< `ji hemp`rosejs adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd stomun`tojb

dffdhts ef eni breuji `ji jdw breuji. `p`rt frem tgd ojtrojsoh

j`turd ef tgd tdrròj*

Ygd _dnnew Qovdr `ji tgd _`jbtsdNdt us hemp`rd. fer dx`mpnd. tgd ioffdrdjt idbrdds ef ioffohunty

wgohg `rd prdsdjtdi rdspdhtovdny ay tgd newdr v`nndys ef tgd _dnnew

Qovdr `ji tgd _`jbtsd st`rtojb oj dotgdr h`sd frem tgd peojt

wgdrd tgd rovdr ossuds frem ots n`st berbd oj eridr te fnew tgd rdst ef

ots w`y tgreubg epdj heujtry te tgd he`st*

Ygd promdv`n st`td ef tgd newdr sdhtoej ef tgd _dnnew Qovdr

+ Fer tgos mdt`pger. sdd OO* H 'oo/ '`/ r. ven* o. pp* 888~9: àevd*




V`nndy os vovoiny idshroadi oj ` p`ss`bd frem tgd werl ef ` ios-

tojbuosgdi Xojenebost wgohg g`s addj quetdi oj `j d`rnodr hg`ptdr*0

Rgdj M`j forst teel tgos w`tdry hgès oj g`ji. tgd rovdr w`s jet

j`vobànd `t `jy sd`sej< oj tgd wojtdr ot w`s dotgdr frezdj erhgeldi wotg fne`tojb ohd

<tgd mdntojb ef tgos ohd oj tgd sprojb pre-

iuhdi idv`st`tojb `jju`n fneeis wgohg rdpd`tdiny hg`jbdi tgd

rovdr"s heursd ay h`rvojb eut jdw hg`jjdns. wgond tgd eni hg`jjdns

turjdi ojte kujbnd-hevdrdi sw`mps* Ygos w`s tgd st`td ef tgd

rovdr `s M`j forst feuji ot<`ji te-i`y. wgdj semd tgrdd er feur

tgeus`ji yd`rs ef gum`j dffert g`vd iròjdi tgd sw`mps `ji g`vd

hejfojdi tgd mòj hg`jjdn ef tgd rovdr adtwddj dma`jlmdjts. tgd

idv`st`tojb`htoej ef tgd fneeis g`s jet addj dnomoj`tdi* Ygd

vosot`toejs g`vd mdrdny addj rdiuhdi oj frdqudjhy ejny te r`v`bd

tgd werls ef M`j wotg brd`tdr voendjhd `ji evdr ` woidr r`jbd

wgdj tgdy ie ehhur*

Ygd fneei-w`tdrs ef tgd _dnnew Qovdr wgohg. oj tgd st`td ef

J`turd. usdi te sprdì tgdmsdnvds `jju`nny evdr tgd pnòjs.jew oj

jerm`n yd`rs tr`vdn g`rmndssny adtwddj dma`jlmdjts frem tgd

dxot ef tgd berbds te tgd sd`< aut. nold Beis rdstròjdi ay gum`j

ompodty frem s`tosfyojb tgdor nust te idstrey. tgdsd fneeis. oj

p`ssojb. prdp`rd fer ` futurd rdvdjbd* Ygdy pond up treuand fer

M`j oj tgd notdr`n sdjsd ay idpesotojb tgd sont wgohg tgdy g`vd

areubgt iewj frem tgd meujtòjs `s tgdy sn`hldj spddi `ji mevd

ej snubbosgny evdr tgd fn`t rovdr-adi te wgohg. oj tgdor newdr heursd.

tgd dma`jlmdjts jew hejfojd tgdm* _d`r ay yd`r. `s tgd idpesots

`hhumun`td. tgd ndvdn ef tgos rovdr-adi rosds àevd tgd ndvdn ef tgd

fodnis ej dotgdr soid< yd`r ay yd`r. tgd pdepnd ròsd tgd gdobgt ef

tgd dma`jlmdjts. te prdvdjt tgd fneei-w`tdrs frem sponnojb evdr*

_dt `t n`st tgdrd hemds ` peojt `t wgohg tgd ndvdn ef tgd rovdr-adi os

se gobg àevd tgd ndvdn ef tgd surreujiojb heujtry tg`t je gdobgtdj-

ojb er tgohldjojb ef tgd dma`jlmdjts `vòns `jy nejbdr te ndji

tgdm tgd rdquosotd rdsostojb pewdr< `ji tgdj. oj semd yd`r ef gobg

fneei. tgd omprosejdi rovdr s`v`bdny aursts ots a`jls `ji djbunfs` wgend heujtrysoid. eanotdr`tojb tgd fodnis `ji swddpojb `w`y tgd

auoniojbs `ji irewjojb tgd novd stehl `ji tgd pepun`toej* Xojhd

tgd gostery ef tgd rdboej adb`j te ad rdheridi. tgdsd pdroeioh

ojuji`toejs g`vd ehhurrdi ojjumdrànd tomds< `ji ej sdvdr`nehh`soejs tgd rovdr g`s hg`jbdi ots heursd hempndtdny* @t tgd

prdsdjt memdjt ot idaeuhgds ojte tgd Bunf ef Hgogno jd`r tgd moi-

peojt ef ots seutg-wdstdrj he`st. `nmest eppesotd tgd top ef tgd

Noètujb Sdjojsun`< oj tgd prdgosteroh `bd ot idaeuhgdi `t tgd

jertg-wdst herjdr ef tgd Bunf tgreubg tgd adi oj wgohg tgd Sòge

Qovdr fnews te-i`y <+ aut iurojb tgd ojtdrvdjojb tgrdd er feur

+ Xdd OO* H '`/ 'a/ 1. ven* o. pp* 807-13. àevd* 1Ep* hot. neh* hot*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF G@QI HETJYQODX 88

monndjjo` ot g`s pn`ydi brd`tdr v`b`rods tg`j tgos* Ndss tg`j `

hdjtury `be ot w`s jet idaeuhgojb ojte tgd Bunf ef Hgogno `t `nn*

Ot w`s ejny tgd ojuji`toej ef 0741 tg`t iovdrtdi tgd rovdr a`hl ojte

tgd Bunf frem `hg`jjdn idaeuhgojb. seutg ef tgd Xg`jtujb

Sdjojsun`. iordht ojte tgd _dnnew Xd`< `ji tgos w`s jet tgd forst

tomd ej rdheri tg`t tgd _dnnew Qovdr gì swothgdi ots heursd fremejd soid ef tgd Xg`jtujb Sdjojsun` te tgd etgdr*

@ rdm`rlànd hejtr`st te tgos os prdsdjtdi ay tgd newdr v`nndy ef

tgd _`jbtsd* Ygd Newdr _`jbtsd iròjs ` a`soj wgdrd tgd n`ji os

petdjto`nny je ndss fdrtond tg`j tgd jertgdrj pnòjs `ji wgdrd

`brohunturd g`s jet te nàeur. `s ot nàeurs tgdrd. ujidr tgd twefeni

sheurbd ef fneei `ji ireubgt* Ygd _`jbtsd semdtomds dmun`tds gos

jertgdrj aretgdr oj ojuji`tojb gos gum`j jdobgaeurs" fodnis.0 aut

gd jdvdr rdfusds te ad`r tgdor hr`ft upej gos w`tdrs*1

Xuhg `rd tgd rdspdhtovd hg`r`htdrs eftgd twe brd`t rovdrs. `s tgdywdrd oj tgd adbojjojb `ji `s tgdy `rd te-i`y* @ji wgdrd ioi tgd

Xojoh Hovonoz`toej hemd te aortg 5 Ej tgd a`jls ef tgd br`hoeus

_`jbtsd Lo`jb er ej tgesd ef tgd idmejoh Gw`jb Ge 5 Rd ljewtg`t ot h`md te aortg ej tgd a`jls ef tgd Gw`jb Ge. `ji tg`t tgd

Newdr _`jbtsd V`nndy w`s jet areubgt wotgoj tgd `maot ef tgd

Xojoh Xehodty ujton `ftdr tgd Xojoh Hovonoz`toej gì areldj iewj`ji gì djtdrdi upej ` Yomd ef Yreuands wgohg w`s tgd forst

pg`sd ef ots idhnojd*

Hgomu `ji V`np`ròse

@bòj. ej wg`t sdhtoej ef tgd S`hofoh He`st ef Xeutg @mdroh`

ioi tgd @jid`j Hovonoz`toej hemd te aortg 5 Jet ej tg`t Hdjtr`n

O @ wddl `ftdr tgdsd sdjtdjhds gì addj wrottdj oj tgd summdr ef tgd yd`r 0?80. tgd

_`jbtsd preiuhdi. oj tgd rdboej ef G`jlew. ` fneei wgohg<oj sh`nd `ji oj idstruhtovd-

jdss. os pdrg`ps ujsurp`ssdi oj tgd `jj`ns ef tgd _dnnew Qovdr otsdnf* Jdvdrtgdndss. tgdwrotdr adnodvds tg`t ej ` nejb vodw. dxtdjiojb a`hl te tgd neh`n adbojjojbs ef rdheridi

gostery oj tgd moiind ef tgd n`st monndjjoum A h*. tgd hejtr`st gdrd ir`wj adtwddj tgd

hg`r`htdrs iospn`ydi ay tgd _`jbtsd `ji tgd _dnnew Qovdr oj tgdor rdspdhtovd rdn`toejs te

M`j os aerjd eut ej tgd wgend ay tgd f`hts*

+ Oj tgd yd`r 0?16 ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. "tgd _`jbtsd w`s j`vobànd+ oj +tgd summdr

mejtgs. wgdj tgd ioshg`rbd ef tgd rovdr w`s ùbmdjtdi ay tgd summdr ròjf`nn `ji aytgd mdntojb ef tgd sjews oj Yoadt *** `s f`r up `s G`jlew 'àeut 423 monds frem ots

meutg/ * * * fer n`rbd ehd`j-beojb std`mdrs" <`ji tgos peojt gì addj ljewj te ad rd`hgdi

ay "` ferdobj a`ttndsgop ef `s muhg `s 01.333 tejs iospn`hdmdjt* * * * Tjidr tgd s`md

hejiotoejs. std`mdrs ef erioj`ry hejstruhtoej. tgeubg jet ef gd`vy tejj`bd. heuni

j`vob`td noldwosd tgd jdxt sdhtoej ef 862 jùtoh`n monds frem G`jlew te Ohg`jb* Ygdsdhtoej ef 933 jùtoh`n monds àevd tgos. adtwddj Ohg`jb `ji Hgujblojb. gì addj

epdjdi sojhd 0?0? te std`m-j`vob`toej ay spdho`nny hejstruhtdi rovdr-std`mdrs ef nobgtir`ft `ji wotg djbojds suffohodjtny pewdrfun te meujt tgd r`pois* Ygos `hgodvdmdjt gì

areubgt std`m-j`vob`toej ojte Xzdhgu`j tgd mest pepuneus Hgojdsd prevojhd 'wotg `j

dstom`tdi pepun`toej ef 43.333.333/* Fer j`tovd kujls. tgd p`ss`bd ef tgd r`pois oj tgd

Ohg`jb-Hgujblojb sdhtoej w`s ` snew. nàeroeus. `ji i`jbdreus epdr`toej* Ej tgd

etgdr g`ji. tgdy wdrd ànd te `shdji tgd rovdr `s f`r `s Xuofu. wgohg w`s àeut 0.497

jùtoh`n monds frem tgd meutg. er dvdj `s f`r `s Sojbsg`j. àeut 88 monds furtgdr.

wgdrd`s Hgujblojb. tgd nomot ef rovdr-std`mdr j`vob`toej. w`s àeut 0.882 monds frem

tgd meutg. `ji Ohg`jb. tgd nomot ef j`vob`toej fer sm`nn std`mdrs ef erioj`ry auoni.

àeut 382*" 'Yeyjadd. @* K*; Xurvdy ef Ojtdrj`toej`n @ffòrs. 0?16 'Nejiej 0?17.

Monferi/. pp* 831-8*/

OO I




Hgond`j sdhtoej wgohg djkeys suhg ` bdjdreus ròjf`nn tg`t tgd

Xp`josg dxpnerdrs s`nutdi `j d`rtgny p`rìosd V`np`ròse oj tgd

forst ef tgdsd brddj v`nndys wgohg rdkeohdi tgdor dyds `ftdr tgdor nejb

keurjdy iewj tgd p`rhgdi arewj he`st wgohg tgdy gì te tr`vdrsdf`rtgdr jertg* Ygd @jid`j Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg ej tgd Jertg

Sdruvo`j sdhtoej ef tgd he`st idshroadi oj ` p`ss`bd wgohg g`s

addj quetdi àevd0 wgdrd M`j g`s te fobgt ` pdrpdtu`n a`ttnd

wotg tgd idsdrt `ji must w`tdr gos fodnis. wgohg tgd sly wonn jet

w`tdr fer gom. ay gos ewj g`ri nàeur ; tgd spìd-werl ef iobbojb

`ji mòjtòjojb ojjumdrànd orrob`toej-hg`jjdns* Hgond w`s jet

areubgt wotgoj tgd `maot ef tgd @jid`j Xehodty ujton tgd @jid`j

Hovonoz`toej gì rd`hgdi `j ìv`jhdist`bd

oj ots idhnojd* Hgond

w`s ejd ef tgd n`st hejqudsts ef tgd Dmpord ef tgd Ojh`s tgd

@jid`j ujovdrs`n st`td `ji dvdj tgdj tgd Ojh`s wdrd hejtdjt te

nd`vd tgd brd`tdr p`rt ef fdrtond Hgond adyeji tgdor seutgdrj frej-

todr. wgohg tgdy irdw `nejb tgd nojd ef tgd Qovdr Mùnd* Ygd Ojh`s

wdrd `t gemd ej tgd @jid`j Sn`tdù. te wgohg tgd he`st`n hovonoz`-

toej gì sprdì `t `j d`rny i`td oj ots brewtg* @ji ej wg`t sdhtoej

ef tgd pn`tdù ioi tgos hovonoz`toej sdhurd ots forst feetgeni 5 Jdotgdr

ej tgd sdhtoej wgohg w`s jd`rdst te ots prom`ry gemd oj tgd he`st`n

v`nndys ef Hgomu. jer ydt ej tgd jertgdrny sdhtoej 'oj tgd tdrrotery

ef tgd meidrj N`toj Qdpuanoh ef Henemao`/ wgdrd tgd `ntotuids `rh

hemp`r`tovdny new `ji tgd v`nndys epdj `ji tgd hnom`td bdjo`n*

Ygd ruojs ef Yo`gu`j`he tdstofy tg`t tgd forst feetgeni ef hovonoz`-

toej ej tgd pn`tdù w`s oj tgd upn`ji a`soj ef N`ld Yotoh`h` `

rdboej wgohg w`s g`riny jd`rdr te tgd prom`ry gemd ef tgd @jid`j

Hovonoz`toej oj ejd iordhtoej tg`j tgd uppdr a`soj ef tgd M`bi`ndj`Qovdr w`s oj tgd etgdr. wgond oj seon `ji hnom`td ot w`s m`jofdstny

ndss ojvotojb*1

Newn`jis `ji Gobgn`jis oj Bu`tdm`n`

@bòj. wgohg f`hd ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh` w`s ot tg`t s`w tgd aortg

ef tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej5 Jet tgd S`hofoh f`hd. wgdrd ` rdn`tovdny

gobg `ntotuid he-epdr`tds wotg ` rdn`tovdny new ròjf`nn te noadr`td

`strop ef heujtry frem tgd p`nn ef trepoh`n ferdst wgohg smetgdrs

tgd @tn`jtoh newn`jis* 8

0 Xdd OO* H 'oo/ 'a/ 1. ven*o. pp* 811-8. àevd*

1 Xdd tgd idshroptoej ef tgd Yotoh`h` A`soj wgohg g`s addj quetdi oj ven* o. p* 811.àevd* Fer tgd aortg-pn`hds ef tgd @jid`j Hovonoz`toej. `ji tgd heursd ef ots dxp`jsoejiurojb ots brewtg. sdd OO* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 013-8. àevd*

8 Fer tgd hejtr`st oj hnom`td `ji vdbdt`toej adtwddj tgd S`hofoh Gobgn`jis `ji tgd@tn`jtoh Newn`jis ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh`. sdd Gujtojbtej. D*; Ygd Hnom`toh F`hter `t

onnustr`tdi oj @ji @mdroh`'R`sgojbtej 0?09. H`rjdbod Ojstotutoej ef R`sgojbtej.

Suanoh`toej Je* 0?1/. hgs* xvoo `ji xvooo* Fer tgd `nmest dx`ht ojvdrsoej ef tgd rdn`tovd

idbrdds ef hovonoz`toej tg`t g`vd addj prdv`ndjt rdspdhtovdny oj tgd sdvdr`n ioffdrdjt

bdebr`pgoh`n zejds ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh` oj pest-Henumao`j tomds. `s hejtr`stdi wotg tgdsotu`toejm tgd `bd oj wgohg tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg `ji brdw te m`turoty.sdd ep* hot*. pp* 107-0?* Fer Ir* Gujtojbtej"s gypetgdsos tg`t tgos sgoft ef seho`n zejdsos te ad `hheujtdi fer ay ` sgoft ef hnom`toh zejds. sdd OO* I 'voo/. @jjdx O. adnew*




Rgdj tgd Xp`jo`ris `rrovdi. tgdy teel te tgdsd epdj gd`ntgyHdjtr`n @mdroh`j upn`jis evdrneelojb tgd S`hofoh `j

d`rtgny

p`rìosd oj tgd Yrepohs `s idhoidiny `s tgdy teel te Hgond`j

V`np`ròse `t tgd f`r dxtrdmoty ef tgdor hejqudsts oj tgdJdw Rerni*Ot w`s gdrd tg`t tgdy pn`jtdi tgdor Hdjtr`n @mdroh`j sdttndmdjts.

werlojb tgdor w`y up tgd S`hofoh he`st frem tgd peojt wgdrd tgdyadstreid tgd Ostgmus ef S`j`m` `s f`r `s tgd prdsdjt frejtodr

adtwddj Bu`tdm`n` `ji Mdxohe* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgdy mìd jesdroeus `ttdmpt te ehhupy tgd @tn`jtoh he`st ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh`

adtwddj tgdor sdttndmdjts ej tgd Ostgmus `ji tgdor sdttndmdjts oj

_uh`t`j* Ygd trepoh`n ferdst oj tgd gojtdrn`ji idtdrrdi tgdm.

tgeubgtgos he`st

n`y

`nmest wotgojsobgt

ef tgdor osn`jipessdssoejsoj tgd @jtonnds `ji tgeubg tgd epdjojb up ef he`st `ji gojtdrn`ji

weuni g`vd sgertdjdi `pprdhoàny tgd ndjbtg eftgdkeurjdyadtwddj

tgd Xp`josg sdttndmdjts ej tgd S`hofoh f`hd ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh` `ji

tgd metgdr heujtry* Oj spotd ef tg`t. tgd Xp`jo`ris à`jiejdi

tgos @tn`jtoh he`st te ojiobdjeus Ojio`js `ji te Djbnosg ojtdrnepdrs.K

`ji wdrd hejtdjt te nd`vd tgd hemmujoh`toejs adtwddj Xpòj `ji

tgd Xp`josg sdttndmdjts ej tgd S`hofoh he`st te fennew tgd reuji-

àeut reutd `hress tgd Ostgmus* Ygd sotu`toej g`s jet hg`jbdi

suast`jto`nny sojhd tgd Xp`josg Dmpord oj tgd Jdw Rerni g`s ios-

`ppd`rdi* Ygeubg fovd eut ef tgd sox rdpuanohs wgohg `rd ots "suh-

hdsser-st`tds" oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh` pessdss @tn`jtoh sdàe`ris. tgd

adst-idvdnepdi iostrohts `ji tgd projhop`n hdjtrds ef pepun`toej `rd

stonn te ad feuji ej tgd upn`jis evdrneelojb tgd S`hofoh wgdrd tgd

Xp`jo`ris forst mìd tgdmsdnvds `t gemd* Oj 0?88. tgdrd wdrd stonn

je merd tg`j twe nojds ef rònw`y sp`jjojb Hdjtr`n @mdroh` frem

he`st te he`st adtwddj tgd Ostgmus ef S`j`m` `ji tgd Ostgmus ef

Ydgu`jtdpdh< `ji oj 0?12 tgd h`pot`n hoty ef `t nd`st ejd rdpuanoh

w`s stonn hut eff frem ots @tn`jtoh notter`n ay ` a`rrodr ef vorboj `ji

vortu`nny omp`ssànd kujbnd*1

Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd d`bdrjdss `ji premptjdss wotg wgohg

tgd Xp`jo`ris teel te tgd epdj gobgn`jis evdrneelojb tgd S`hofoh

he`st ef Hdjtr`n @mdroh` `ji tgd `nmest hempndtd fònurd ef tgd

henejosts `ji tgdor suhhdssers. evdr ` pdroei ef merd tg`j feur

0 @j ujsuhhdssfun `ttdmpt te feuji ` Surot`j henejy ej tgd osndt ef X`jt` H`t`noj` er

Srevoidjhd. eff "tgd Mesquote He`st". w`s mìd oj @*I* 0683 'sdd Jdwtej. @* S*; YgdHenejosojb @htovotods ef tgd Djbnosg Surot`js 'Jdw G`vdj 0?09. _`nd Tjovdrsoty Srdss//.

`ji tgd Arotosg Bevdrjmdjt hejtojudi te hnòm ` pretdhter`td evdr tgd Mesquote Ojio`js

tonn 0744* @ftdr tgd `hquosotoej ef K`mòh`. tgd Djbnosg sdhurdi ` feetojb ej `jetgdr

sdhtoej ef tgos he`st wgohg g`s jew adhemd tgd Hrewj Henejy ef Arotosg Gejiur`s*z Ygd Jertg @mdroh`j st`tdsm`j. Mr* Gdjry N* Xtomsej. wgdj gd w`s `t M`j`bu`.

tgd h`pot`n ef Joh`r`bu`. oj 0?12. feuji tg`th

tgd @tn`jtoh he`st ef Joh`r`bu` w`s

iost`jt frem us muhg ndss tg`j 133 monds `s tgd hrew fnods. aut ot t`lds nejbdr te bdt tgdrd

tg`j te be frem Jdw _erl te X`j Fr`jhoshe. `ji tgd ejny w`y ef beojb w`s ay sd`- +

vonnojb te tr`vdn ej feet tgreubg tgd kujbndgreubg tgd S`j`m` H`j`n. ujndss ejd w`s Z* U

er te fennew iewj ` trepoh`n rovdr m ` h`jed+* 'Xtomsej. G* N*; @mdroh`j Senohy oj

Joh`r`bu` 'Jdw _erl 0?12. Xhroajdr/. p* 92*/




hdjturods. te epdj up tgd @tn`jtoh he`st wotg ots gojtdrn`ji ef

trepoh`n ferdst. bovds semd md`surd ef tgd ioffdrdjhd oj tgd idbrdd

ef tgd ioffohunty wgohg tgdsd twe jdobgaeurojb aut vdry iovdrsd

rdboejs eppesd rdspdhtovdny te M`j wgdj gd `ttdmpts te ard`ltgdm oj* Rgdrd w`s ot. tgdj. tg`t tgd enidst ojiobdjeus hovonoz`toej

ef tgd Jdw Rerni h`md te aortg5 Ej tgd Hdjtr`n @mdroh`j

upn`jis er oj tgd Hdjtr`n @mdroh`j ferdsts 5 Rd ljew tg`t tgd

M`y`j Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg oj tgd ferdsts `ji tg`t. dvdj wgdj

ot sprdì. ots nojd ef dxp`jsoej w`s jet seutgw`ris ojte tgd ìkeoj-

ojb upn`jis aut jertgw`ris ojte tgd _uh`t`j Sdjojsun` `ji ej te

tgd Mdxoh`j Sn`tdù* Ot w`s oj tgesd qu`rtdrs. `ji jet ej tgd

seutgdrjupn`jis.

tg`t tgd twe n`tdr hovonoz`toejs wgohg wdrd

rdn`tdi te tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej `resd oj tgdor turj* @pp`rdjtny

tgd d`sony `hhdssoand Hdjtr`n @mdroh`j upn`jis wdrd jdvdr ehhupodi

ay `jy hovonoz`toej ujton tgd Xp`jo`ris h`md te t`ld pessdssoej ef

tgdm frem tgd etgdr soid ef tgd @tn`jtoh* Ygd ojiobdjeus hovonoz`-

toejs wdrd `s pdrsostdjt oj sgujjojb tgd upn`jis `s tgd ojtrusovd

hovonoz`toej g`s addj oj sgujjojb tgd ferdsts* Ygdj wdrd tgd M`y`sanoji `ji tgd Xp`jo`ris sg`rp-sobgtdi 5 Rd g`vd ejny te hemp`rdtgd rdspdhtovd `hgodvdmdjts oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh` ef tgd M`y`jHovonoz`toej ej tgd ejd g`ji `ji ef tgd Xp`josg vdrsoej ef eur

Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej ej tgd etgdr oj eridr te rd`nozd tg`t tgd ferdsts

oj wgohg tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej h`md te aortg surp`ss oj twe

rdspdhts tgd upn`jis ej wgohg eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej g`s addj

prep`b`tdi* Ygdy jet ejny surp`ss tgdm oj tgd idbrdd ef tgd

ioffohunty wgohg tgdy eppesd te gum`j dfferts< tgdy surp`ss tgdm

je ndss oj tgd idbrdd ef tgd rdspejsd wgohg tgdy g`vd dveldi frem

gum`j adojbs wge g`vd mìd tgd dffert te br`ppnd wotg tgdm* 0

Ygd @dbd`j He`sts `ji tgdor Hejtojdjt`n Gojtdrn`jis

@bòj. tgd ujusu`n ioffohunty prdsdjtdi ay tgd @dbd`j `rd`. oj

wgohg tgd Moje`j `ji tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej suhhdssovdny h`md

te aortg. adhemds funny `pp`rdjt ejny wgdj tgd `rd` os vodwdi oj

ots bdebr`pgoh`n sdttojb. `bòjst tgd feon prevoidi ay tgd rdboejsreuji àeut* O h`j tdstofy te tgos frem pdrsej`n dxpdrodjhd* Ej

my forst vosot te tgd @dbd`j. O h`md `ji wdjt ay sd`< `ji. `s

`nw`ys. tgd sd`-

vey`bd

gì tgd

psyhgeneboh`ndffdht ef

foxojb`brd`tmdjt`n bunf adtwddj ots tdrmojo* Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd pgysoh`n

fd`turds ef Brddhd `ji tgesd ef Djbn`ji w`s ef heursd eavoeus<

aut ej aetg tgd keurjdy eut `ji tgdkeurjdy a`hl tgd àrupt tr`jso-

toej frem tgd ejd heujtry te tgd etgdr mìd ot ompessoand te0 Ygos `veoi`jhd ef tgd fermdr tgd`trd ef tgd M`y`j Hovonoz`toej ay tgd Xp`josg

henejosts oj Hdjtr`n @mdroh` m`y ad hemp`rdi wotg tgd `veoi`jhd ef tgd fermdr tgd`trdef tgd Ojiod Hovonoz`toej oj Hdynej ay tgd Xhettosg `ji Djbnosg pn`jtdrs* 'Xdd OO* I 'o/.

o pp* 6-2. àevd*/ Oj aetg ojst`jhds. tgd n`ttdr-i`y Rdstdrj ojtruidrs hgesd tgd seftdr

^`ji ndss stomun`tojb eptoej*




`pprdho`td tgos eavoeus m`ttdr ef f`ht om`boj`tovdny* Ej my sdheji

vosot te tgd @dbd`j. O `bòj `rrovdi ay sd`< aut tgos tomd O areld

my st`y oj @tgdjs ay m`lojb tgrdd rdhejjòss`jhds ojte rdboejs

kust eutsoid tgd @dbd`j `rd`* Forst O wdjt te Xmyrj` `ji mìddxpdiotoejs frem tgdrd ay ròn up heujtry ojte tgd ojtdroer ef

@j`teno`< jdxt O wdjt te Hejst`jtojepnd `ji mìd etgdr dxpdio-

toejs ojte @j`teno` frem tg`t qu`rtdr< `ji tgdj. adferd hemojbgemd. O wdjt te X`nejoh` `ji mìd `j dxpdiotoej frem tgdrd ojte

tgd ojtdroer ef M`hdiejo`* Foj`nny. O rdturjdi te Djbn`ji ay tgd

evdrn`ji reutd. tr`vdnnojb oj tgd s`md rònw`y-h`rro`bd. wotgeut `

hg`jbd. frem Hejst`jtojepnd te H`nòs* Ygus. oj tgd heursd ef tgos

vosot. O tr`vdnndi

evdrn`ji.eut ef tgd

@dbd`j`rd` ojte tgd

rdboejsreuji àeut. oj feur ioffdrdjt iordhtoejs<`ji d`hg tomd. oj dvdry

iordhtoej. O feuji mysdnf tr`vdnnojb eut ef heujtry tg`t w`s a`rd.

a`rrdj. rehly. meujtòjeus. `ji areldj ojte fr`bmdjts ay tgd

dstr`jbojb sd`. ojte heujtry tg`t w`s brddjdr `ji rohgdr `ji

seftdr heujtry oj wgohg meujtòj-r`jbds wdrd rdpn`hdi ay

rennojb gonns. `ji sd`-fonndi bunfs `ji stròts ay areì huntovànd

rovdr-v`nndys* Ygd humun`tovd dffdht ef tgdsd hejtr`sts upej tgd

easdrvdr"s om`boj`toej w`s vdry pewdrfun* Ej tgos hemp`r`tovd

vodw. tgd @dbd`j `rd` sgewdi otsdnf oj ots trud heneurs `s ` rdboej

ef ujusu`n ioffohunty. jet ejny ay hejtr`st wotg Djbn`ji er wotg tgd

etgdr Yr`js`npojd heujtrods ef Durepd. aut ay hejtr`st wotg dvdry

rdboej ìkeojojb ot* Oj tgos nobgt. O rd`nozdi tgd iddp md`jojb ef tgd

weris wgohg Gdreietus puts ojte tgd meutg ef tgd Xp`rt`j dxond

I`m`rXtus oj ` hennequy wotg tgd Brd`t Lojb Wdrxds ; "Gdnn`s g`s `

festdr-sostdr Sevdrty wge jdvdr nd`vds gdr< aut sgd g`s areubgt oj

` budst oj tgd sg`pd ef Vortud. tgd hgoni efRosiem `ji N`w< `ji

ay Vortud"s òi Gdnn`s lddps Sevdrty `t a`y`ji Xdrvotuid noldwosd*" 0

@ttoh` `ji Aedeto`

Xomon`r hejtr`sts oj tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt. h`ppdi ay herrd-

spejiojb hejtr`sts oj tgd neh`n v`rodty ef hovonoz`toej. m`y ad

easdrvdi oj tgd ojtdroer ef tgd @dbd`j `rd` otsdnf* Fer ojst`jhd. of

ejd tr`vdns ay tròj frem @tgdjs `nejb tgd rònw`y wgohg dvdjtu`nny

ndìs. tgreubg X`nejoh`. eut ef tgd @dbd`j `rd` ojte tgd gd`rt ef

Durepd.ejd

p`ssds.

ej tgd forst

st`bd

ef tgd keurjdy. tgreubg `

strdthg ef heujtry wgohg bovds te Hdjtr`n er Rdstdrj Durepd`j

dyds `j `jtohop`tery bnompsd ef f`mono`r shdjdry* @ftdr tgd tròj g`s

addj hnomaojb snewny fer geurs reuji tgd d`stdrj fn`jls ef Meujt

S`rjds tgreubg ` typoh`n @dbd`j n`jish`pd ef stujtdi pojds `ji

k`bbdi nomdstejd hr`bs. tgd tr`vdnndr os `stejosgdi te foji gomsdnf

o Gdreietus. Aeel VOO. hg* 031* Ygd Brddl tdxt os; Yfn "KD@@`Xt Yrm"ok %odv òdo kherd

>rtovrpe>t:6) &m. ipdj/ Ad HYr`%ere"s tero. `ve rd ee>%:fys L`rdpy`hrpdvrk %h`t v6pev ohrxypev+ YYK

< 0} "DW^`) rtfv rd Yrdvgkv hwr`%jRrò




adojb r`ttndi iewj ojte ` newn`ji heujtry ef bdjtny ujiun`tojb

iddp-seondi pneubgn`jis* Gd mobgt om`bojd tg`t gd gì kust

hressdi tgd @ustre-Bdrm`j frejtodr ej tgd rònw`y adtwddj Ojjs-

aruhl `ji Mujohg< tgd jertgdrj `spdht ef S`rjds `ji Hotg`drej.wgohg gd jew vodws `t ` iost`jhd `hress tgos newn`ji ferdbreuji.

mobgt ad tgd jertgdrjmest r`jbd ef tgd Yyrendsd @nps* Ef heursd

tgos n`jish`pd os `"spert"* Gd wonn jet sdd tgd nold `bòj ujton gd

g`s put Josg adgoji gom semd tgorty-sox geurs n`tdr `ji os

idshdjiojb tgd Newdr V`nndy ef tgd Mer`v` tew`ris tgd Moiind

I`juad< `ji tg`t m`lds tgos `jtohop`tery p`thg ef A`v`ro`-oj-

Brddhd se muhg tgd merd strolojb*

Rg`t w`s tgos eiipodhd

efheujtry

h`nndi

iurojbtgd nofdtomd ef

tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej5 Ot w`s h`nndi Aedeto`< `ji oj Gdnndjoh

mojis tgd weri "Aedeto`j" gì ` quotd iostojhtovd hejjet`toej* Ot

steei fer `j fdtges wgohg w`s rustoh. stenoi. ujom`boj`tovd. arut`n

`j dtges eut ef g`rmejy wotg tgd prdvònojb bdjous ef tgd Gdnndjoh

hunturd* Ygos iosheri adtwddj tgd Aedeto`j tges `ji Gdnndjosm

w`s `hhdjtu`tdi ay tgd f`ht tg`tkust adgoji tgd r`jbd ef Hotg`drej.

`ji kust reuji tgd herjdr ef S`rjds wgdrd tgd rònw`y wojis ots w`y

jewì`ys. n`y @ttoh` "tgd Gdnn`s ef Gdnn`s"; tgd heujtry wgesd

dtges w`s tgd quojtdssdjhd ef Gdnndjosm nyojb hgddl ay kewn wotg

tgd heujtry wgesd Xtges `ffdhtdi jerm`n Gdnndjoh sdjsoaonotods nold

` k`rrojb jetd* Ygd hejtr`st w`s summdi up oj poqu`jt pgr`sds ;

"Aedeto`j Xwojd" `ji "@ttoh X`nt"*

Ygd peojt ef ojtdrdst. fer tgd purpesd ef eur prdsdjt stuiy. os

tg`t tgos huntur`n hejtr`st. wgohg omprdssdi otsdnf se vovoiny ej tgd

`jhodjt Gdnndjoh hejshoeusjdss. w`s bdebr`pgoh`nny heojhoidjt wotg

`j dqu`nny strolojb hejtr`st oj tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt wgohg

`nrdìy dxostdi tgdj `ji wgohg stonn survovds te-i`y te omprdsstgd p`ssojb Rdstdrj rònw`y-tr`vdnndr* Fer @ttoh` os "tgd Gdnn`s ef

Gdnn`s" jet ejny oj gdr seun aut oj gdr pgysoqud* Xgd st`jis te

tgd etgdr heujtrods ef tgd @dbd`j `s tgesd @dbd`j heujtrods st`ji

te tgd rdboejs `reuji* Of yeu `ppre`hg Brddhd ay sd` frem tgd

wdst `ji djtdr tgreubg tgd `vdjud ef tgd Herojtgo`j Bunf. yeu m`yfn`ttdr yeursdnf tg`t yeur dyd g`s brewj `hhustemdi te tgd Brddl

n`jish`pd adùtofun `ji feraoiiojb `t ejhd adferd tgd vodw os

sgut eut ay tgd a`jls ef tgd Herojtg H`j`n* _dt wgdj yeurstd`mdr dmdrbds frem tgd huttojb tgreubg tgd Ostgmus te pneubg

@dbd`j w`tdrs `t n`st. yeu wonn stonn ad sgehldi. oj tgd X`rejoh Bunf.

ay `j ùstdroty ef n`jish`pd fer wgohg tgd shdjdry ej tgd etgdr

soid ef tgd Ostgmus g`s jet funny prdp`rdi yeu< `ji tgos ùstdroty`ttòjs ots hnom`x wgdj yeu reuji tgd herjdr ef X`n`mos `ji sdd tgd

n`ji ef @ttoh` sprdì eut adferd yeur dyds up te tgd summots ef

Sdjtdnohus `ji Gymdttus*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF G@QI HETJYQODX 8?

Oj @ttoh`. wotg gdr àjerm`nny nobgt `ji stejy seon. tgd prehdssh`nndi idjui`toej. wgohg Aedeto` g`s dsh`pdi iewj te tgos i`y.

w`s `nrdìy hempndtd oj Sn`te"s tomd. `s wotjdss tgd @ttoh pgone-

sepgdr"s ewj br`pgoh `hheujt ef ot*

"Hejtdmper`ry @ttoh` m`y `hhur`tdny ad idshroadi `s ` mdrd rdnoh ef

tgd eroboj`n heujtry. `s O sg`nn prehddi te dxpnòj* Oj hejfobur`toej.@ttoh` hejsosts djtordny ef ` nejb pdjojsun` pretruiojb frem tgd m`ss ef

tgd hejtojdjt ojte tgd sd`. `ji tgd surreujiojb m`rojd a`soj os ljewjte sgdnvd stddpny reuji tgd wgend he`stnojd* Oj hejsdqudjhd ef tgd

suhhdssovd voendjt idnubds wgohg g`vd ehhurrdi wotgoj tgd p`st ?.333

yd`rs 'tgd ojtdrv`n wgohg sdp`r`tds eur ewj tomds frem tgd pdroei wotg

wgohg wd `rd id`nojb/. tgdrd g`s addj ` hejst`jt mevdmdjt ef seon `w`yfrem tgd gobg `ntotuids< `ji. ewojb te tgd sgdnvojb rdnodf ef tgd he`st.

tgos seon. ojstdì ef n`yojb iewj `nnuvoum. `s ot ieds dnsdwgdrd. te `jy

`pprdhoànd dxtdjt. g`s addj pdrpdtu`nny idpesotdi oj tgd iddp sd`

reuji tgd pdropgdry ef tgd heujtry er. oj etgdr weris. nest< se tg`t

@ttoh` g`s ujidrbejd tgd prehdss easdrvànd oj sm`nn osn`jis. `ji wg`t

rdmòjs ef gdr suast`jhd os nold tgd sldndtej ef ` aeiy dm`ho`tdi ay

iosd`sd. `s hemp`rdi wotg gdr eroboj`n rdnodf* @nn tgd rohg. seft seon g`s

meuntdi `w`y. nd`vojb ` heujtry ef sloj `ji aejds* @t tgd pdroei.

gewdvdr. wotg wgohg wd `rd id`nojb. wgdj @ttoh` w`s stonn ojt`ht. wg`t

`rd jew gdr meujtòjs wdrd nefty. seon-hnì gonns<gdr se-h`nndi sgojbnd-

pnòjs ef tgd prdsdjt i`y wdrd funn ef rohg seon< `ji gdr meujtòjs wdrd

gd`vony `fferdstdi ` f`ht ef wgohg tgdrd `rd stonn vosoand tr`hds* Ygdrd

`rd meujtòjs oj @ttoh` wgohg h`j jew lddp jetgojb aut adds. aut wgohg

wdrd hnetgdi. jet se vdry nejb `be. wotg fojd trdds preiuhojb tomadr

suotànd fer reefojb tgd n`rbdst auoniojbs< tgd reefs gdwj frem tgos

tomadr `rd stonn oj dxostdjhd* Ygdrd wdrd `nse m`jy nefty huntov`tdi

trdds. wgond tgd heujtry preiuhdi aeujindss p`sturd fer h`ttnd* Ygd

`jju`n suppny ef ròjf`nn w`s jet nest. `s ot os `t prdsdjt. tgreubg adojb

`nnewdi te fnew evdr tgd idjuidi surf`hd ojte tgd sd`. aut w`s rdhdovdi

ay tgd heujtry. oj `nn ots àuji`jhd. ojte gdr aesem. wgdrd sgd sterdi ot

oj gdr ompdrvoeus pettdr"s d`rtg `ji se w`s ànd te ioshg`rbd tgd iròj`bd

ef tgd gdobgts ojte tgd gennews oj tgd ferm ef sprojbs `ji rovdrs wotg `j

àuji`jt venumd `ji ` woid tdrrotero`n iostroautoej* Ygd sgrojds tg`t

survovd te tgd prdsdjt i`y ej tgd sotds ef dxtojht w`tdr-suppnods `rd

dvoidjhd fer tgd herrdhtjdss ef my prdsdjt gypetgdsos*"0

Rg`t ioi tgd @tgdjo`js ie wotg tgdor peer heujtry wgdj sgd

nest tgd auxemjdss ef gdr Aedeto`j yeutg 5 Rd ljew tg`t tgdy ioi

tgd tgojbs wgohg mìd @tgdjs "tgd diuh`toej ef Gdnn`s"*1 Rgdj

tgd p`sturds ef @ttoh` irodi up `ji gdr pneubgn`jis w`stdi `w`y.

gdr pdepnd turjdi frem tgd hemmej pursuots ef stehl-arddiojb `ji

bròj-brewojb te idvohds tg`t wdrd `nn tgdor ewj ; enovd-huntov`toej

+Sn`te. Hroto`s. oj @-I*

` Ygd @tgdjo`j rdspejsd te tgd hg`nndjbd ef tgd @ttoh djvorejmdjt g`s addj teuhgdi

upej. ay `jtohop`toej. oj O* A 'u/. ven* o. pp* 19-4. àevd*




`ji tgd dxpneot`toej ef tgd suaseon* Ygd br`hoeus trdd ef @tgdj`

jet ejny lddps `novd aut fneurosgds ej tgd a`rd rehl* _dt M`j

h`jjet novd ay enovd-eon `nejd* Ye m`ld ` novojb frem gos enovd-

brevds. tgd @tgdjo`j must dxhg`jbd @ttoh eon fer Xhytgo`j bròj*

Ye pn`hd gos eon ej tgd Xhytgo`j m`rldt. gd must p`hl ot oj k`rs

`ji sgop ot evdrsd`s jdhdssotods wgohg h`nndi ojte dxostdjhd tgd

@ttoh pettdrods`ji tgd @ttoh mdrhg`jt-m`rojd.

0 `ji `nse tgd @ttoh

sonvdr-mojds. sojhd ojtdrj`toej`n trìd idm`jis ` mejdy dhejemy`ji tgus stomun`tds `j dxpner`toej ef tgd suaseon fer prdhoeus

mdt`ns `s wdnn `s fer pettdr"s d`rtg* Foj`nny. `nn tgdsd tgojbs te-

bdtgdr dxperts.ojiustrods. mdrhg`jt sgops. `ji mejdy rdquordi

tgd pretdhtoej `ji idfr`ydi tgd uplddp ef ` j`vy* Ygus tgd

idjui`toej ef tgdor seon oj @ttoh` stomun`tdi tgd @tgdjo`js te

`hquord tgd hemm`ji ef tgd sd` frem ejd dji ef tgd @dbd`j te tgd

etgdr. `ji adyeji <`ji tgdrdwotg tgd rohgds wgohg tgdy gì nest

wdrd rdhevdrdi ` gujirdifeni* Ygos dffdht ef @tgdjo`j sd`-pewdr

0 Oj tgd yd`r 0?10. tgd wrotdr ef tgos Xtuiy vosotdi ` meidrj Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j

hemmujoty oj tgd @dbd`j `rd` oj wgesd nofd tgd enovd w`s tgdjZpn`yojb tgd s`md p`rt`s ot gì ejhd pn`ydi oj Gdnndjoh @ttoh`* Ygos meidrj Brddl hoty-st`td ef @yv`nyq '`

Yurlosg weri md`jojb "Puojhd Erhg`ri"/ er Lyigejod"s 'tgd dquov`ndjt oj meidrjBrddl/ w`s sotu`tdi ej ` nottnd pdjojsun` prekdhtojb ojte tgd @dbd`j frem tgd wdst he`st

ef @j`teno` eppesotd tgd Brddl osn`ji ef Motyndjd 'tgd `jhodjt Ndsaes/* Ygd seon ef tgos

pdjojsun` wgohg w`s `s tgoj `ji stejy `ji rehl-roaadi `s tgd seon ef @ttoh` otsdnf

mìd ` strolojb omprdssoej ef a`rrdjjdss upej tgd tr`vdnndr wge h`md te @yv`nyq evdr-

n`ji frem tgd fdrtond v`nndy ef tgd Hòhus `ji tr`vdnndi ej te Motyndjd wotg ots smonojb

b`ridjs `ji vojdy`ris kust `hress tgd w`tdr* Frem tgd hotìdn ef Sdob`mum. wgohghemm`jis tgd Hòhus V`nndy. M`hdiejo`j @tt`nois `ji Yurlosg P`r` "Esm`jebgnusgì semdtomds dxtdjidi tgdor iemojoejs evdr g`nf @so` Mojer* _dt a`jdj @yv`nyq gì

`hquordi `j dmpord tee ; `j evdrsd`s dmpord dxtr`htdi frem tgd enovd* Ygd Brddl sdttndrs

frem `nn p`rts ef tgd @dbd`j wge gì feujidi @yv`nyq iurojb tgd n`st qu`rtdr ef tgd

dobgtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr` gì turjdi tgd a`rrdj seon. ej wgohg tgdor net w`s

h`st. ojte ` beeiny gdrot`bd ay pn`jtojb ot wotg twe monnoej pgvh tohds< `ji. & hdjtury `ji` g`nf

n`tdr.tgdsd

pn`jt`toejs wdrd suppertojb`hemmujoty

eftgorty

erferty tgeus`ji

pdepnd oj ` gobg idbrdd ef hovonoz`toej* @t @yv`nyq. tgd enovd w`s `t tgd aettem ef dvdry-

tgojb* Ygd hemmujoty purhg`sdi ots feei suppnods `ji etgdr jdhdssotods ef nofd aydxpertojb tgd preiuhd ef tgd enovd oj v`roeus feoms ; `s fruot. `s eon. `ji `s se`p 'wgohgtgdy m`juf`hturdi eut ef tgd eon oj tgdor ewj f`hterods/* Ygd w`std preiuht ef tgd eon-

prdssds slojs `ji stejds `ji irdbs w`s usdi `s fudn fer irovojb tgd eon-prdssds `jitgd se`p-f`hterods oj @yv`nyq tewj. `ji `nse fer irovojb tgd std`mdrs 'ewjdi ay neh`n

h`pot`nosts `ji m`jjdi ay neh`n hrdws/ wgohg h`rrodi tgd preiuhd ef tgd enovd-brevdsfrem @yv`nyhk pert `s f`r `fodni `s Qusso` `ji @mdroh`. oj eridr te fdthg tgd hemmujoty"sferdobj rdquordmdjts `s rdturj h`rbeds* Ygos enovd-dhejemy djàndi @yv`nyq jet ejnyte novd aut te novd wdnn* Ygos hemmujoty ef fruot-brewdrs `ji m`juf`hturdrs `ji mdr-hg`jts `ji sgoppdrs ioi jet jdbndht tgd tgojbs ef tgd sporot* Ots hgodf

bnery w`s `j`hìdmy wgohg w`s ejd ef tgd forst pn`hds oj wgohg tgd notdr`turd ef `jhodjt Gdnn`s `jitgd shodjhd ef tgd meidrj Rdst gì addj stuiodi `ji tùbgt tebdtgdr oj tgd meidrjBrddl tejbud*Ygos rdm`rlànd hemmujoty `t @yv`nyq w`s aetg areubgt ojte dxostdjhd `ji wopdi

eut ef dxostdjhd ay tgd prehdss ef Rdstdrjoz`toej. `s tgosrdmersdndssny werldi otsdnf

eut oj tgd Jd`r D`st* @ftdr adojb twohd idstreydi `ji twohd rdfeujidi oj tgd strubbndfer tgd gdrot`bd eftgd eni Ettem`j Dmpord ` strubbnd wgohg tgd fdrmdjt efRdstdrjoz`-toej sdt ej feet adtwddj tgd Brddls `ji tgd Yurls `ji tgd etgdr Jd`r D`stdrj pdepndsBrddl @yv`nyq w`s foj`nny dv`hu`tdi. tgos tomd prdsumàny fer beei. oj tgd brd`t Brddldxeius frem @j`teno` `ftdr tgd i&ihnd ef tgd Brddl @rmy oj obzz* Ye-i`y. meidrjBrddl @yv`nyq adnejbs te tgd p`st je ndss tg`j `jhodjt Brddl @tgdjs* Ygd prdsdjtwrotdr"s bnompsd ef tgd

pn`hdoj 0?10. ej tgd dvd ef ots dxtojhtoej. g`s djàndi gom te

ujidrst`ji ay `j`neby tgd p`rt pn`ydi oj `jhodjt @ttoh nofd ay tgd mor`huneus trdd wgohgw`s vdjdr`tdi `ji nevdi `s tgd boft ef @ttoh`"s tutdn`ry Beiidss*




g`s addj vovoiny pòjtdi ay `j `jejymeus @tgdjo`j wrotdr ef tgd

bdjdr`toej adferd Sn`te"s ;

"Aì g`rvdsts iud te `tmespgdroh hejiotoejs f`nn wotg hrusgojb wdobgt

upej dvdj tgd strejbdst n`ji-pewdrs. wgond sd`-pewdrs surmeujt tgdmd`sony* Aì g`rvdsts `rd jdvdr ef werni-woid ojhoidjhd. `ji tgdrdferd

tgd m`stdrs ef tgd sd` `rd `nw`ys ànd te ir`w upej rdboejs oj wgohg tgd

g`rvdst g`s addj àuji`jt* Of O m`yvdjturd te idshdji te mojer idtòns.

O m`y ìi tg`t tgd hemm`ji ef tgd sd` g`s djàndi tgd @tgdjo`js * * *

te ioshevdr rdfojdmdjts ef nuxury tgreubg tgdor dxtdjsovd ferdobjrdn`toejs* Dvdry idnoh`hy ef Xohony. Ot`ny. Hyprus. Dbypt. Nyio`. tgd

An`hl Xd`. tgd Sdnepejjdsd er `jy etgdr heujtry g`s addj `hhumun`tdi

ej ` sojbnd spet oj vortud ef tgd hemm`ji ef tgd sd`* * * * Merdevdr. tgd

@tgdjo`js `rdtgd

ejny j`toej. Gdnndjoh er jej-Gdnndjoh. tg`t os oj `pesotoej te `hhumun`td wd`ntg* Of ` heujtry g`ppdjs te ad rohg oj sgop-

tomadr. wg`t m`rldt os tgdrd fer ot. of ot fòns te hejhono`td tgd m`stdrs ef

tgd sd`5 Xomon`rny. of ` heujtry g`ppdjs te ad rohg oj orej. heppdr er

fn`x. wg`t m`rldt os tgdrd fer ot. of ot fòns te foji f`veur oj tgd s`md

qu`rtdr5 Aut tgdsd `rd prdhosdny tgd r`w m`tdro`ns eut ef wgohg O hej-

struht my sgops tomadr hemojb frem ejd seurhd. orej frem ` sdheji.

heppdr frem ` tgori. gdmp frem ` feurtg. fn`x frem ` foftg* Oj ìiotoej.

tgdy wonn rdfusd te nohdjhd tgd dxpert ef tgdsd hemmeiotods te etgdr

m`rldts er tgesd

wgehgeesd te

eppesd eur wosgdssg`nn

ad dxhnuidifrem tgd sd`! Ygus O. wge preiuhd jet ejd ef tgdsd hemmeiotods ojmygemd tdrrotery. pessdss tgdm `nn ay w`y ef tgd sd`. wgond je etgdr

heujtry pessdssds `jy twe ef tgdm somunt`jdeusny*"0

Aut tgdsd rohgds ef tgd sd` rohgds adyeji tgd ird`m ef tgd

Aedeto`j pneubgm`j wgesd iddp-seondi fodnis gì jdvdr fòndi gom

wdrd mdrdny tgd dhejemoh feuji`toej fer ` penotoh`n `ji `rtostoh

`ji ojtdnndhtu`n hunturd wgohg mìd @tgdjs "tgd diuh`toej ef

Gdnn`s" `ji "@ttoh X`nt" tgd `jtotgdsos ef Aedeto`j `jom`noty* Ejtgd penotoh`n pn`jd. tgd @tgdjo`j ojiustro`n `ji sd`-f`rojb pepun`-

toej hejstotutdi tgd dndhter`td ef tgd @tgdjo`j idmehr`hy. wgond

@ttoh trìd `ji sd`-pewdr prevoidi tgd fr`mdwerl fer tg`t ojtdr-

j`toej`n `sseho`toej ef @dbd`j hoty-st`tds wgohg teel sg`pd oj tgd

Idno`j Nd`bud ujidr @tgdjo`j ùspohds* Ej tgd `rtostoh pn`jd.

tgd prespdroty ef tgd @ttoh pettdrods b`vd tgd @ttoh v`sd-pòjtdr tgd

eppertujoty wgohg gd usdi fer hrd`tojb ` jdw ferm ef adùty< `ji

tgd dxtojhtoej ef tgd @ttoh ferdsts hempdnndi @tgdjo`j `rhgotdhts te

tr`jsn`td tgdor werl frem tgd mdioum ef tomadr ojte tgd mdioumef stejd `ji se ndi tgdm ej te hrd`td tgd S`rtgdjej ojstdì ef

rdstojb hejtdjt wotg tgd hemmejpn`hd neb-geusd wgohg M`j

g`s `nw`ys auont oj dvdry pn`hd wgdrd t`nn trdds brew*1 Ej tgd

0Ssduie-Wdjepgej; @tfodjòXj Segtdo` '"@tgdjo`j Ojstotutoejs"/. diotdi ay L`nojl`.

D* 'Ndopzob 0?08. Yduajdr/. hg* 1*

1 Ygd tr`jsn`toej ef ` hemmejpn`hd `rhgotdhturd oj tomadr ojte ` ujprdhdidjtdiny`ji ujsurp`ssdiny jeand `rhgotdhturd oj stejd -w`s ef heursd jet `j dxhnusovdny @ttoh

`hgodvdmdjt* Ot w`s tgd bdjdr`n hejsdqudjhd ef ` bdjdr`n dxgùstoej ef tomadr-suppnods



91 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@OWDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

ojtdnndhtu`n pn`jd.te quetd eur `jejymeus @tgdjo`j easdrvdr

ejhd `bòj.

"tgdor f`mono`roty * * * wotg dvdry n`jbu`bd speldj ujidr tgd Xuj g`s

djàndi tgd @tgdjo`js te sdndht tgos dxprdssoej frem tg`t n`jbu`bd `jitgos frem tgd etgdr. wotg tgd rdsunt tg`t oj hejtr`st te etgdr Gdnndjds.

wge. `s ` bdjdr`n rund. prdsdrvd tgdor neh`n io`ndht. nofd `ji hestumd

tgd @tgdjo`js rdkeohd oj ` hesmepenot`j hovonoz`toej fer wgohg tgd djtord

Gdnndjoh `ji jej-Gdnndjoh wernis g`vd addj nòi ujidr hejtroautoej*0

Ygos @ttoh hunturd ioi. ojiddi. b`tgdr tgd wgend eftgd hejtdmper`ry

Gdnndjoh hunturd ojte otsdnf. oj eridr te tr`jsmot ot te pestdroty

sd`sejdi wotg tgd "@ttoh X`nt" `ji djjeandi ay tgd @ttoh omprdss*

Hg`nhoiohX `ji Aedeto`

Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj Aedeto` `ji @ttoh` os jet tgd ejny onnustr`-

toej ef eur tgdmd wgohg tgd @dbd`j `rd` g`s adqud`tgdi frem tgd

`bdwgdj otw`s tgd tgd`trd ef Gdnndjoh gostery* Aedeto` gì `jetgdr

jdobgaeur. Hg`nhos ; ` hnesdr jdobgaeurtg`j @tgdjs. tgeubg iovoidi

frem Aedeto` ay tgd sd`* Ygd hoty ef Hg`nhos steei ej tgd Duaed`j

sgerd eftgd Xtròts se j`rrew tg`t `ttomds tgdy g`vd addj sp`jjdi

ay ` aroibd wgohg ruj adtwddj tgd Osn`ji ef Duaed` `ji tgd

Aedeto`j mòjn`ji* Oj tgd Duaed`j gojtdrn`ji ef Hg`nhos Hoty.

`ji wotgoj tgd frejtodrs ef tgd Hg`nhoio`j Xt`td. n`y tgd Ndn`jtojd

Snòj* @ji tgos Hg`nhoio`j h`mp`bj` w`s jet nold tgd "aì n`jis"

ef N`toum er @ttoh`* Ot w`s `s beei ` pneubgn`ji `s Aedeto` otsdnf<

aut. ujfertuj`tdny er fertuj`tdny fer tgd Hg`nhoio`js. tgd Ndn`j-

tojd Snòj w`s j`rrew<`ji gdjhd. wgond tgd Aedeto`j f`rmdrs wdrd

stonn fojiojb n`ji fer tgd pneubg. djeubg `ji te sp`rd. wotgeut

neelojb adyeji tgdor aeridrs. tgd Hg`nhoio`j f`rmdrs areubgt up

sgert. ejtgdor

osn`ji. aytgd

prdhopoteusfn`jls ef tgd

tewdrojbpd`l ef Iorpgys wdrd stomun`tdi te sd`rhg fer frdsg pneubgn`jis

àreì* Ygd s`nt w`tdrs ef tgd Duropus Xtròts. wgohg w`sgdi tgd

feet ef tgdor hoty w`nns. effdrdi tgd Hg`nhoio`js ` sd`-p`ss`bd fer

tgdor vey`bds ef dxpner`toej* Xònojb eut ojte tgd @dbd`j `ji

adyeji ot. tgdy teel te tgd n`ji `bòj wgdrdvdr tgdy feuji `jetgdr

Ndn`jtojd Snòj `wòtojb tgd Hg`nhoio`j pneubg wotg ` j`tovd pepu-n`toej ojhempdtdjt te geni ots ewj `bòjst tgd Hg`nhoio`j henejost*

Xònojb jertg `ji d`st. tgdy feujidi ` jdw Hg`nhoiohh ej tgd

he`sts ef Ygr`hd< sònojb seutg `ji wdst. tgdy feujidi `jetgdr oj

Xohony*

tgreubgeut tgd @dbd`j `rd`* Ot w`s. gewdvdr. ej @tgdjo`j sotds `ji oj @tgdjo`j g`jistg`t tgd Gdnndjoh `rhgotdhturd preiuhdi ots m`stdrpodhds* Rd m`y jetd oj p`ssojb tg`t

tgd àsdjhd ef auoniojb tomadr gì ` prefeujiny stomun`tojb dffdht jet ejny upej tgd

Gdnndjoh `rhgotdhturd aut upej tgd Xumdjh* Gdrd. gewdvdr. tgd dffdht w`s ef ` ioffdrdjt

loji* Rgond tgd Gdnndjoh `rhgotdht. oj tr`jsn`tojb frem tomadr ojte stejd. w`s stomun`tdi

te hrd`td ` jdw adùty. tgd Xumdroh `rhgotdht. oj tr`jsn`tojb frem tomadr ojte arohl. w`sstomun`tdi te ojvdjt ` jdw tdhgjoqud* Gd ioshevdrdi tgd projhopnds ef tgd `rhg `ji tgd

vùnt* x 3p* hot. neh* hot*




Ef heursd. tgos fd`t wgohg tgd Hg`nhoio`js pdrfermdi ujidr tgd

stomunus ef n`ji-sgert`bd oj Duaed` os jet te ad hemp`rdi wotg tgd

fd`ts te wgohg tgd idjui`toej ef @ttoh` stomun`tdi tgd @tgdjo`js*

Rgond tgd @tgdjo`js rdspejidi te tgd @ttoh hg`nndjbd ay ` qu`not`-tovd hg`jbd oj tgdor dhejemy. tgd Hg`nhoio`js" rdspejsd te tgd

Duaed`j hg`nndjbd w`s qu`jtot`tovd* Ygdy mdrdny ìidi fodni te

fodni. ojstdì ef tr`jsfermojb fodnis ojte mojds `ji enovd-brevds*

Ygd `brohuntur`n nofd ef tgd Hg`nhoio`j henejods. d`hg sdt oj ots

`rànd pnòj ` Ygr`ho`j Yerejd er ` Xohono`j Ndejtojo w`s `

rdpnoh` ef tgd nofd wgohg gì addj novdi oj tgd Ndn`jtojd Snòj aytgd henejosts" ferdf`tgdrs `ji wgohg w`s stonn adojb novdi tgdrd aytgdor heusojs wgesd ferdf`tgdrs gì suhhddidi oj

st`yojb`t gemd*

Oj etgdr weris. tgd dxp`jsoej ef Hg`nhos ioffdrdi fremtgd dxp`jsoejef @tgdjs oj adojb dxtdjsovd `ji jet ojtdjsovd*

0Jdvdrtgdndss.

Hg`nhos tee. oj rdspejsd te ` ndss fermoiànd hg`nndjbd. mìd `

m`rl `nadot ` fòjtdr m`rl tg`j tgd @tgdjo`j upej Gdnndjoh

gostery* Ot w`s tgreubg tgesd Hg`nhoio`j f`rmdr-sdttndrs evdrsd`s

tg`t tgd a`ra`ro`js ef M`hdiejo` `ji ef N`toum wdrd ir`wj ojte

tgd eraot ef tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej `ji wdrd bovdj tgdor forst

tojhturd ef tgd Gdnndjoh hunturd*1 Ygd Hg`nhoio`js rd`htdi. oj tgdor

idbrdd. te tgd prohl ef Jdhdssoty"s spur. wgond hemfertànd Aedeto`

h`rdi fer jejd ef tgdsd tgojbs*

Ayz`jtoum `ji H`nhgdiej

Ygd djn`rbdmdjt ef tgd `rd` ef tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni irh` 214-

414 A*H*. oj wgohg tgd Hg`nhoio`js pn`ydi tgos premojdjt p`rt.

effdrs us semd furtgdr Gdnndjoh onnustr`toejs ef eur tgdmd* @mejbtgd a`ra`ro`js wge h`md wotgoj r`jbd ef tgd mevdmdjt `ji wge

rd`htdi te ot ay adhemojb hejvdrts te Gdnndjosm ojstdì ef adojb

suppn`jtdi ay Brddl sdttndrs. tgd ioffdrdjhd. oj stomun`tojb dffdht.

adtwddj ` g`ri `ji `j d`sy djvorejmdjt os onnustr`tdi ay tgd hej-

tr`st adtwddj tgd h`rddrs ef tgd twe Ot`no`j hoty-st`tds wgohg `resd

rdspdhtovdny oj tgd Qem`j `ji oj tgd H`pu`j h`mp`bj`* Ygos

hejtr`st jddis je merd tg`j ` a`rd mdjtoej gdrd. sojhd wd g`vd

dx`mojdi ot oj `jetgdr hejjdxoej `nrdìy <

8 `ji wd m`y p`ss ej te

tgd hdndar`tdi onnustr`toej wgohg os `fferidi ay tgd hejtr`st adtwddj

tgd twe Brddl henejods ef H`nhgdiej `ji Ayz`jtoum wgohg wdrd

pn`jtdi rdspdhtovdny ej tgd @so`toh `ji ej tgd Durepd`j soid ef tgd

djtr`jhd te tgd Aespgerus frem tgd Xd` ef M`rm`r`*

@ hdjtury er se `ftdr tgd feuji`toej ef tgd twe hotods. tgd Sdrso`j

0 Ygos peojt g`s addj jetdi. ay `jtohop`toej. oj O* A 'oo/. ven* o. pp* 19-4. àevd. `ji os

t`ldj up `bòj oj S`rt OOO* A. ven* ooo. pp* 013-1. adnew*1 Xdd furtgdr OOO* H 'u/ '6/. @jjdx OV. ven* noo*

8 Xdd pp* 07-1 0. àevd*




st`tdsm`j Mdbà`zus. wge gì addj pn`hdi oj hg`rbd ef tgd

Durepd`j gojtdrn`ji ef tgd Xtròts ay I`rous.

"mìd ` met wgohgwej gom ommert`n hdndaroty `mejb tgd Gdnndspejtojd

Brddls* @t Ayz`jtoum gd gd`ri tg`t tgd H`nhgdiejo`js gì pn`jtditgdor hoty sdvdjtddj yd`rs d`rnodr tg`j tgd Ayz`jtojds gì pn`jtdi tgdors

<

`ji gd gì je seejdr gd`ri ot tg`j gd rdm`rldi; Ygdj tgd H`nhgd-

iejo`js must g`vd addj anoji mdj `nn tg`t tomd* Gd md`jt tg`t tgdy

must g`vd addj anoji te hgeesd tgd wersd sotd wgdj tgd adttdr w`s `t

tgdor iospes`n*"0

Mdbà`zus"s f`meus easdrv`toej w`s dpobr`mm`toh r`tgdr tg`j

`hutd< fer ot os jet se ioffohunt te ad wosd `ftdr tgd dvdjt. `ji oj

Mdbà`zus+s

i`ytgd

rdspdhtovd

idstojods ef H`nhgdiej `jiAyz`j-toum wdrd `nrdìy m`jofdst* H`nhgdiej w`s stonn wg`t sgd gì addj

te adboj wotg ; `j erioj`ry Brddl tr`jsm`rojd `brohuntur`n sdttnd-

mdjt ef tgd loji wgohg Hg`nhos `ji Mdb`r` `ji g`nf ` iezdj etgdr

`brohuntur`n hemmujotods oj Eni Brddhd gì pn`jtdi ay tgd sherd

reuji tgd he`sts ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j `ji ots a`hlw`tdrs* Md`j-

wgond. Ayz`jtoum w`s `nrdìy brewojb ojte ejd ef tgd ausodst perts

ef tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni `ji w`s fòrny nùjhgdi ej tgd h`rddr wgohg

w`s te hunmoj`td oj gdr adhemojb tgd untom`td h`pot`n ef ` Gdnndjoh

ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd n`st pg`sd ef Gdnndjoh gostery* Ygus. ay

Mdbà`zus"s tomd. `jy hemp`rosej adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd ìv`j-

t`bds ef tgd sotds ef Ayz`jtoum `ji H`nhgdiej weuni j`tur`nny

turj upej tgdor rdspdhtovd f`honotods `s perts <`ji ej tgos tdst tgd

dnoboaonoty ef Ayz`jtoum w`s je ieuat ojhemp`ràny brd`tdr tg`j

tg`t ef gdr jdobgaeur evdr tgd w`tdr* Ayz`jtoum jet ejny pessdssditgd j`tur`n g`raeur ef tgd Benidj Gerj wgohg gì je heujtdrp`rt

ej tgd dxpesdi `ji fd`turdndss sdhtoej ef tgd eppesotd @so`toh

he`stnojd wgdrd H`nhgdiej steei* Merd tg`j tg`t. tgd sdt ef tgd

hurrdjt wgohg hemds iewj tgd Aespgerus frem tgd An`hl Xd` ojte

tgd Xd` ef M`rm`r` os oj f`veur ef `jy vdssdn tryojb te m`ld tgd

Benidj Gerj frem dotgdr iordhtoej." wgond ot os ìvdrsd te `jyvdssdn gdìojb fer tgd epdj ad`hg ef H`nhgdiej* 1 Ygus dvdry sgoptg`t pnods adtwddj tgd An`hl Xd` `ji tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j g`s `

ieuand ojhdjtovd fer p`ssojb ay ej tgd etgdr soid frem H`nhgdiej

`ji m`lojb Ayz`jtoum ots pert ef h`nn* Ygd feujidrs ef H`nhgdiej

weuni g`vd addj anoji mdj ojiddi of. oj f`hd ef tgos eavoeus f`ht.

tgdy gì idnoadr`tdny hgesdj H`nhgdiej oj prdfdrdjhd te Ayz`jtoum`s tgd sotd fer ` pert*

Oj rd`noty. ef heursd. tgd feujidrs ef H`nhgdiej mìd tgdor

gosteroh hgeohd ej quotd ` ioffdrdjt hejsoidr`toej* @s tgdy `p-

pre`hgdi tgd seutgdrj djtr`jhd te tgd Aespgerus ej tgdor vey`bd

0Gdreietus. Aeel OV. hg* 099*

1 Xdd tgd idtòndi `hheujt ef tgos wgohg os bovdj ay Senyaous. Aeel OV. hgs* 98 `ji 99*




ef dxpner`toej. tgdy neeldi `t tgd n`jish`pd `ji hgesd tgdor sotd

wotg dyds tg`t wdrd jet anoji `t `nn. aut wdrd sompny f`jjdrs+ dyds`ji jet m`rojdrs"< `ji frem tgd f`rmdr"s st`jipeojt tgdor hgeohd

w`s ìmorànd* Ygdy pn`jtdi tgdor hoty ej tgd Aotgyjo`j Qovodr`;` sgdntdrdi strop ef fdrtond he`st wgohg sddms nold `j djhn`vd ef

Mdiotdrr`jd`j shdjdry oj ` merd jertgdrny hnomd* Ej tgos f`veurdi

spet. tgd Brddl f`rmdr-prespdhterswge feujidi H`nhgdiej sdttndi

iewj te ròsd tgd hreps `ji pn`jt tgd fruot-trdds wgohg tgdy gì

`nw`ys ròsdi `ji pn`jtdi `t gemd* Fer tgdor purpesd. tgdy heuni

jet g`vd hgesdj adttdr< `ji wd m`y ad surd tg`t tgos w`s tgd

kuibdmdjt ef tgd jdxt hemp`jy ef Brddl dxpnerdrs. oj sd`rhg ef

frdsg n`ji fer tgdor

pneubgs.wge h`md tgos

w`ysdvdjtddj

yd`rsn`tdr* Rd m`y pohturd tgd feujidrs ef Ayz`jtoum hursojb tgd

H`nhgdiejo`js fer tgdor pdrspoh`hoty `ji tgdmsdnvds fer tgdor

t`riojdss `s tgdy turjdi tgdor sgops" prews `w`y frem tgd smonojb

Aotgyjo`j Qovodr`. jew hrewjdi ay H`nhgdiej"s w`nns. tew`ris tgd

muhg ndss ojvotojb eppesotd he`st ef Ygr`hd* Xemd Gdsoeioh

dquov`ndjt ef tgd prevdra tg`t "Ot os tgd d`rny aori tg`t bdts tgd

forst werm" must g`vd eftdj addj oj tgd Ayz`jtojds" meutgs wgdj

tgdy tonndi tgd seon ef tgdor nottnd Ygr`ho`j pdjojsun` ejny te sdd

tgdor hreps h`rrodi eff systdm`toh`nny. yd`r `ftdr yd`r. ay tgd a`r-

a`ro`js ef tgd gojtdrn`ji*

"Ygd Ayz`jtojd tdrrotery os `j djhn`vd oj Ygr`hd. wgohg m`rhgds wotg

tgd djtord Ayz`jtojd n`ji-frejtodr `ji hemds iewj te tgd sd` ej dotgdr

soid* Oj hejsdqudjhd. tgd Ayz`jtojds `rd `ffnohtdi wotg `j ojtdrmojànd

`ji ojsenuand w`r `bòjst tgd Ygr`ho`js* Dvdj wgdj tgdy m`ld `

monot`ry dffert `ji bdt tgd adttdr ef tgd Ygr`ho`js fer tgd memdjt. tgdyh`j jdvdr bdt roi ef tgd Ygr`ho`j w`r ewojb te tgd muntotuid ef tgd

Ygr`ho`j gerids `ji Ygr`ho`j projhdnojbs* Of tgdy evdrtgrew ejdprojhdnojb. tgos sompny hnd`rs tgd w`y fer tgrdd etgdrs merd fermoiànd

tg`j tgd forst* Dvdj of tgd Ayz`jtojds bovd oj `ji hemd te tdrms fer

p`yojb ` stopun`tdi troautd. tgdy foji tgdmsdnvds je adttdr eff* Fer `jyhejhdssoej wgohg tgdy m`ld te ejd djdmy g`s tgd iordht dffdht ef

arojbojb fovd jdw djdmods iewj upej tgdm* Xe tgdy `rd oj tgd teons ef

tgos ojtdrmojànd `ji ojsenuand w`r. oj wgohg tgdy `rd dxpesdi te `nn

tgd i`jbdr ef adojb `t hnesd qu`rtdrs wotg ` aì jdobgaeur `ji `nn tgd

gerrer ef w`rf`rd `bòjst ` a`ra`ro`j ìvdrs`ry* Ygdsd. oj ` bdjdr`n

w`y.`rd tgd dvons

`bòjst wgohg tgdyg`vd te

strubbndej

n`ji< `ji.adsoids tgd erioj`ry dvons `ttdji`jt ej w`r. tgdy g`vd te djiurd tgd

ndbdji`ry pujosgmdjt ef Y`jt`nus* Ygdy pessdss ` forst-r`td seon< tgdy

huntov`td ot ojtdjsovdny< tgdy ròsd fojd aob hreps `ji tgdj tgd a`r-

a`ro`js `rrovd ej tgd shdjd te b`tgdr oj `ji h`rry eff tgd hreps `ji

idstrey wg`t tgdy ie jet t`ld `w`y! Ot os jet ejny tgd ness ef nàeur `ji

mejdy `ji tgd spdht`hnd ef idv`st`toej aut tgd fojdjdss ef tgd hreps tg`t

m`lds tgd ausojdss gd`rtard`lojb*"0

+Senyaous. Aeel OV. hg* 94*




Ygus Ayz`jtoum w`s suakdht. `s ` m`ttdr ef heursd. tgreubgeut

gdr gostery. te ` rdhurrdjt h`n`moty wgohg @tgdjs ejny dxpdrodjhdi

iurojb foftddj eut ef tgd twdjty-dobgt yd`rs ef tgd Sdnepejjdso`j

R`r0

`ji Mondtus ejny iurojb gdr dndvdj yd`rs" w`r wotg Nyioòj tgd rdobjs ef Lojbs Xìy`ttds `ji @ny`ttds*

1 Gdr `brohunturd

w`s `t tgd mdrhy ef `j ojvìdr wgem sgd w`s jet strejb djeubg te

mddt oj tgd fodni `ji wge tgdrdferd gì ` frdd g`ji te h`rry eff er

idstrey gdr hreps* @ftdr `nn. tgdj. tgd Brddl f`rmdr-henejosts wge

feujidi H`nhgdiej wdrd jet anoji mdj wgdj. wotg aetg sgerds ef

tgd Aespgerus te hgeesd adtwddj. tgdy sdttndi ej tgd Aotgyjo`j

Qovodr` `ji sgujjdi tgd ojgespotànd Ygr`ho`j sgerd< jer wdrd

tgd feujidrs ef

Ayz`jtoummdj ef vosoej*

Ygdy sompnyfennewdi oj

tgd d`rnodr prespdhters" w`ld `ji teel tgdor nd`vojbs* Gewdvdr. `

vojioh`toej ef tgd H`nhgdiejo`js" pdrspoh`hoty os jet tgd trud mer`n

ef tgos stery* Ygd trud mer`n os tg`t wgdj tgd Ayz`jtojds feuji

tgdmsdnvds pdrpdtu`nny suakdht. ej n`ji. te ` pregoaotovd g`jioh`p

wgohg tgd @tgdjo`js `ji tgd Mondso`js suffdrdi ejny fer ` fdw

hrotoh`n yd`rs oj tgd wgend heursd ef tgdor rdspdhtovd gosterods. tgd

Ayz`jtojds wdrd tgdrday stomun`tdi. dvdj merd pewdrfunny tg`j

tgd @tgdjo`js `ji tgd Mondso`js wdrd stomun`tdi oj tgdor ndss

idspdr`td horhumst`jhds. te turj tgdor `ttdjtoej frem tgd n`ji te

tgd sd` `ji te ojidmjofy tgdmsdnvds fer tgdor ruojeus nessds `s

f`rmdrs ay m`lojb g`jisemd prefots `s mdrhg`jts `ji m`rojdrs*

Tjidr tgos pewdrfun stomunus. te wgohg tgd pruidjt H`nhghiejo`j

f`rmdrs ej tgd eppesotd sgerd wdrd jdvdr dxpesdi. tgd Ayz`jtojds

mìd tgd mest ef tgdor stròts `ji ioshevdrdi je ieuat te tgdor

ewj surprosd `s wdnn `s te tgdor jdobgaeurs" tg`t +tgd Benidj

Gerj" w`s ` herjuhepo`* Ygd wd`ntg `ji ojfnudjhd wgohg Ayz`j-

toum w`s tùbgt ay Jdhdssoty te idrovd frem gdr hemm`ji ef tgd

Aespgerus `rd idshroadi oj tgd sdheji hdjtury A*H* ay Senyaous oj

tdrms wgohg rdh`nn tgd p`ss`bd `nrdìy hotdi8 frem `j `jejymeus@tgdjo`j wrotdr ef tgd foftg hdjtury wge os idshroaojb tgd dffdhts ef

gos ewj heujtry"s woidr aut ndss iurànd sd`-pewdr*

"Ygd Ayz`jtojds ehhupy ` sotd wgohg. frem tgd twoj st`jipeojts ef

sdhuroty `ji prespdroty. os tgd mest f`veurànd ef `nn sotds oj tgd Gdnndjoh

Rerni te sd`w`ri `ji tgd mest ujprdpessdssojb ef `nn te n`jiw`ri* Ye

0 Iurojb tgd forst p`rt ef tgd R`r. tgd Sdnepejjdso`js ojvìdi @ttoh` oj tgd yd`rs

980. 983. 917. 912. `ji 914 A*H* Iurojb tgd sdheji p`rt. tgdy wdrd oj pdrm`jdjtehhup`toej ef ` fertofodi pesotoej ej @ttoh seon. `t Idhdnd`. iurojb tgd yd`rs 908-939 A*H*

ojhnusovd*1 Xdd tgd `hheujt ef tgos w`r oj Gdreietus. Aeel O. hgs* 02-11* Ygd Nyio`j ojvìdrs

ef Mondso` pr`htosdi tgd s`md ferm ef dhejemoh w`rf`rd `s tgd Ygr`ho`j ojvìdrs ef tgd

Ayz`jtojd tdrrotery `ji tgd Sdnepejjdso`j ojvìdrs ef @ttoh`* Ygdy idstreydi erh`rrodi eff tgd `jju`n hreps* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgd Nyio`js sgewdi ndss a`ra`roty

+

er `t `jy r`td merd djnobgtdjdi sdnf-ojtdrdst tg`j dotgdr tgd Ygr`ho`js er tgd Sdne-

pejjdso`js oj nd`vojb tgd f`rm-auoniojbs. eut oj tgd heujtrysoid. ojt`ht.8 Ej pp* 90-1. àevd*




sd`w`ri. Ayz`jtoum hemm`jis tgd meutg ef tgd An`hl Xd` se àse-

nutdny tg`t ot os ompessoand fer `jy mdrhg`jtm`j te p`ss dotgdr oj er eut

`bòjst tgd Ayz`jtojds" wonn< `ji tgus tgd Ayz`jtojds hejtren `nn tgd

jumdreus hemmeiotods eroboj`tojb oj tgd An`hl Xd` wgohg `rd oj bdjdr`nidm`ji* Ygdsd hemmeiotods ojhnuid aetg jdhdssotods nold tgd h`ttnd

`ji sn`vds fer wgohg tgd gojtdrn`ji ef tgd An`hl Xd` os jeteroeusny `

promd seurhd ef suppny. aetg fer qu`jtoty `ji fer qu`noty `ji nuxurods

nold gejdy. w`x `ji h`vo`r. wgohg tgd s`md rdboej prevoids oj àuj-

i`jhd* Merdevdr. tgd An`hl Xd` gojtdrn`ji effdrs ` m`rldt fer tgd

surpnus ef eur Mdiotdrr`jd`j preiuhts. suhg `s enovd eon `ji wojds ef

dvdry vojt`bd bròj adojb tgd mdioum ef dxhg`jbd oj wgohg tgd

a`n`jhd eftrìd os ìkustdi pdroeioh`nny oj dotgdr iordhtoej* Ygd Gdnndjoh

Rerni weuni jdhdss`rony ad ida`rrdi frem `nn tgos trìd hempndtdny. er

`t `jy r`td weuni nesd `nn pessoaonoty ef m`lojb ` prefot ej ot. of tgd

Ayz`jtojds hgesd te bovd up pn`yojb tgd b`md `ji wdjt ojte p`rtjdr-

sgop wotg tgd Hdnts 'er. jerm`nny. wotg tgd Ygr`ho`js/. er `bòj of

Ayz`jtoum otsdnf wdrd sompny jet ej tgd m`p* Ygd Xtròts `rd se j`rrew

`ji tgd ìkeojojb gerids ef a`ra`ro`js se fermoiànd tg`t oj tgesd hor-

humst`jhds tgd An`hl Xd` weuni ujqudstoejàny ad hnesdi te Gdnndjoh

j`vob`toej* @s ` m`ttdr ef f`ht. tgd Ayz`jtojds tgdmsdnvds preaànyir`w tgd brd`tdst dhejemoh prefot ef `nn frem tgdor ujoqud pesotoej.

wgohg djànds tgdm te dxpert `nn tgdor surpnus preiuhts. `ji ompert`nn tg`t tgdy jddi. aetg d`sony `ji prefotàny. wotgeut `jy dxdrtoej er

i`jbdr* @t tgd s`md tomd. m`jy hemmeiotods wgohg `rd oj bdjdr`nidm`ji rd`hg tgdor idstoj`toej tgreubg tgd Ayz`jtojds" `bdjhy. `s g`s

addj easdrvdi `nrdìy* Ye tgos idbrdd. tgd Ayz`jtojds `rd adjdf`hters

ef Xehodty wge fòrny idsdrvd jet ejny br`totuid aut pesotovd monot`ry

`ssost`jhd. ej `j ojtdrj`toej`n a`sos. frem tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni `bòjst tgd

st`jiojb mdj`hd ef tgd a`ra`ro`js*"0

Ygd Ayz`jtojds wdrd hejtdjt te pdrferm tgdor sdrvohd te Gdnndjoh

Xehodty wotgeut rdhempdjsd se nejb `s. ej tgd n`jiw`ri soid. tgdy

ejny gì te id`n wotg tgdor rdbun`r termdjters. tgd Ygr`ho`js*1

Rgdj. gewdvdr. oj tgd heursd ef tgd tgori hdjtury A*H*. tgd neh`n

Ygr`ho`js wdrd tdmper`rony suakub`tdi ay ` mobr`tery gerid ef

Hdnts. tgd Ayz`jtojds suffdrdi gd`vony frem tgos hg`jbd ef m`stdrs

oj tgdor gojtdrn`ji* Rgdrd tgd Ygr`ho`js gì hg`stosdi tgdm wotg

wgops. tgd Hdnts jew hg`stosdi tgdm wotg sherpoejs* Ygdy ròsdi

tgd `jju`n r`jsem fer tgd Ayz`jtojd hreps te `j dxeraot`jt foburd <

`ji oj tgos dxtrdmoty tgd Ayz`jtojds mdt wotg g`riny `jy rdspejsd

wgdj tgdy `ppd`ndi fer foj`jho`n `ssost`jhd te tgd rdst ef tgd Gdn-

ndjoh Rerni* @hheriojbny. tgd Ayz`jtojds wdrd irovdj te ròsd

fujis fqk r`jsemojb tgdor fodnis frem tgd Hdnts ay ndvyojb ` tenn

ej `nn sgops p`ssojb tgreubg tgd Aespgerus< `ji tgdor `htoej se

upsdt tgd Gdnndjoh h`rryojb-trìd tg`t tgd hejsdqudjhd w`s ` w`r

oSenyaous. Aeel OV. hg* 87*

+Senyaous. Aeel OV. hg* 94-




adtwddj Ayz`jtoum `ji Qgeids. tgd ndìojb m`rotomd hemmujoty

oj tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni ef tgd i`y*0

Ygus tgd v`st iovdrbdjhd adtwddj tgd idstojods ef Ayz`jtoum

`ji H`nhgdiej os jet dxpnòjdi ay Mdbà`zus"s dpobr`m* Ot w`sjet tgd anojijdss ef tgd H`nhgdiejo`js aut tgd a`ra`roty ef tgd

Ygr`ho`js `ji tgd Hdnts tg`t mìd Ayz`jtoum"s fertujd* Of tgd

`htu`n feujidrs ef Ayz`jtoum gì `rrovdi forst ej tgd shdjd. tgdy

weuni hdrtòjny g`vd mìd tgd H`nhgdiejo`js" hgeohd<`ji of tgd

`htu`n feujidrs ef H`nhgdiej gì `rrovdi sdheji `ji gì addj ndft

je hgeohd aut te feuji Ayz`jtoum. tgdy. fer tgdor p`rt. weuni

ojdvotàny g`vd addj hejfrejtdi ay tgd hg`nndjbd ef `j ojtendrànd

sotu`toej ejn`ji.

wotg tgdAyz`jtojds"

gosteroh hgeohd adtwddj

st`rvojb `s n`jismdj er m`lojb ` fertujd eut ef tgd sd`*

@dboj` `ji @rbes

@jetgdr onnustr`toej ef eur tgdmd frem Gdnndjoh gostery os tgd

hejtr`st adtwddj tgd h`rddrs ef twe hoty-st`tds ef tgd @rbenoi;

@rbes gdrsdnf `ji @dboj`* Ygd @rbovds. adojb ewjdrs ef ejd ef tgd

fojdst `rànd pnòjs oj tgd Sdnepejjdsd. gì ejny ejd oid` wgdj tgdy

adb`jte foji tgdor

@rbovd pnòjtee sm`nn fer tgdm*

Ygdysdt

eut.nold tgd Hg`nhoio`js. te t`ld pessdssoej ef ìiotoej`n `rànd n`ji

adyeji tgdor aeridrs< aut. ujfertuj`tdny fer tgdmsdnvds. tgdy ioi

jet neel eut te sd` aut noftdi up tgdor dyds ujte tgd gonns `ji hevdtdi

wg`t n`y adyeji tgdm* Y`lojb up tgd spd`r adferd nàeurojb `t

tgd e`r. tgdy seubgt tgdor jdw fodnis oj tgd qu`rtdr wgdrd ot w`s

g`ridst te `hquord tgdm ; oj tgd tdrrotery ef tgdor Gdnndjoh jdobg-

aeurs. wge wdrd spd`rmdj tee* Ygd Hg`nhoio`js gì ljewj adttdr

tg`j te try hejhnusoejs wotg tgd sturiy Aedeto`js < tgdy gì rdsdrvdi

tgdor stddn fer d`sy vohterods evdr onn-`rmdi `ji onn-ioshopnojdi

Ygr`ho`js `ji Xohdns* Ygd @rbovds wdrd ndss pruidjt* Fobgtojbfer tgd m`stdry ef tgd Sdnepejjdsd. tgdy hennoidi wotg tgd Xp`rt`js.wge gì rdspejidi te tgd s`md hg`nndjbd oj tgd s`md w`y. aut gì

f`hdi tgd ompnoh`toejs ef tgdor rdspejsd ay monot`rozojb tgdor nofd

frem tep te aettem*1 Fer spd`rmdj suhg `s tgdsd. tgd @rbovds wdrd

je m`thg<`ji tgos w`s tgd dji ef tgdor hoty"s h`rddr* Xgd jdvdr

dxtroh`tdi gdrsdnf frem tgd rend ef adojb Xp`rt`"s ioshemfotdi rov`n

ujton Gdnndjoh gostery h`md te `j dji*

Md`jwgond. tgd nottnd @rbenoh osn`ji ef @dboj` gì addj pn`yojb`j uttdrny ioffdrdjt gosteroh`n rend. oj hejfermoty wotg tgd v`stny

peerdr pgysoh`n djiewmdjt wgohg sgd gì rdhdovdi frem J`turd*

@dboj`. ròsojb gdr gerj ` a`rd. senot`ry meujtòj-pd`l àevd

0Senyaous. Aeel OV. hgs* 96 `ji 92*

1 Fer Xp`rt`j monot`rosm. sdd O* A 'j/. ven. o. pp* 19-6. àevd. `ji OOO. @. ven* j"o.

SS* 43-2?+ adnew*




tgd w`tdrs ef tgd X`rejoh Bunf wotgoj funn vodw ef @tgdjs.0 w`s je

ieuat ejd ef tgesd "sm`nn osn`jis" wgohg wdrd oj tgd @tgdjo`j

pgonesepgdr"s moji1 `s sobj`n dx`mpnds ef idjui`toej `t ots werst*

@dboj` w`s.oj

f`ht.`j @ttoh` oj mojo`turd

< `ji. ujidr` stonn

merdsdvdrd prdssurd frem tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt tg`j tg`t te wgohg

tgd @tgdjo`js wdrd dxpesdi. tgd @dbojdt`js `jtohop`tdi. ej ` sm`nn

sh`nd. tgd @tgdjo`js" `hgodvdmdjts* @dbojdt`j mdrhg`jts wdrd

t`lojb tgd ndì oj tgd `htovotods ef tgd Gdnndjoh sdttndmdjt `t

Jùhr`tos oj Dbypt `t ` tomd wgdj @tgdjo`j mdrhg`jts wdrd stonn

r`rd vosoters tgdrd<

8 `ji @dbojdt`j shunpters wdrd h`rvojb st`tuds

te st`ji oj tgd pdiomdjts ef tgd tdmpnd wgohg @dbojdt`j `rhgo-

tdhts gì auont fer tgd neh`n beiidss @pgò`. g`nf ` hdjtury adferd

tgd @tgdjo`j Sgdoio`s h`rvdi gos m`stdrpodhds fer tgd S`rtgdjej*

Osr`dnotds. Sgedjoho`js. `ji Sgonostojds

Of wd turj jew frem Gdnndjoh gostery te Xyro`h. wd sg`nn foji

tg`t tgd v`roeus dndmdjts ef pepun`toej tg`t djtdrdi Xyro`. er gdni

tgdor ewj tgdrd. `t tgd tomd ef tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb.

iostojbuosgdi tgdmsdnvds rdn`tovdny tgdrd`ftdr oj hnesd prepertoej te

tgd rdn`tovd ioffohunty ef tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt oj tgd ioffdrdjt

iostrohts oj wgohg tgdy g`ppdjdi te g`vd mìd tgdmsdnvds `t gemd*Oj `j d`rnodr p`ss`bd.

9 wd g`vd t`ldj jetd ef tgd ioffohunty wgohg

`j ommobr`jt pepun`toej must g`vd feuji oj `hquorojb tgd `rt ef

orrob`tojb tgd b`ridjs ef I`m`shus* _dt tgd Bgut`g tgeubg `

g`ri heujtry hemp`rdi wotg tgd fàuneus B`ridj ef Didj w`s

tgd hgeohdst prozd tg`t effdrdi otsdnf oj Xyro` te tgd ojhemojb a`r-

a`ro`js<`ji ot os tgdrdferd rdm`rlànd tg`t. oj tgd suasdqudjt pre-

brdss ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej. ot w`s jet tgd @r`m`d`j ehhup`jts

ef I`m`shus tg`t teel tgd ndì* Jer w`s tgd ndì t`ldj

aytgesd

etgdr @r`m`d`js wge sdttndi iewj `t G`m`tg te orrob`td tgd fdrtond

a`jls ef tgd Erejtds wotg tgdor w`tdr-wgddns<jer `bòj ay tgesd

troads ef Osr`dn wge g`ntdi d`st ef Keri`j oj eridr te f`ttdj tgdor

h`ttnd ej tgd fojd p`sturd-n`jis ef Bondì*4 Mest rdm`rlànd ef `nn.

tgd prom`hy oj tgd Xyro`h Rerni w`s jet rdtòjdi ay tgesd rdfubdds

0 @dboj` w`s dxdhr`tdi te `j @tgdjo`j ùiodjhd `s @oK%xYk [fhtp`t&e< "tgd dyd-serd

ef tgd Sdor`dus+ ay tgd @tgdjo`j st`tdsm`j Sdrohnds wgdj gd w`s dxgertojb gos heujtry-

mdj te id`n tgd m`rotomd rov`n ef @ttoh` tgd ljehl-eut anew `t tgd hunmoj`toej ef ` nejb`ji aottdr strubbnd fer tgd hemm`ji ef ` sd` wgohg w`s tee j`rrew te ad sg`rdi adtwddj

tgd a`rrdj osn`ji `ji tgd a`rrdj pdjojsun`*1 Xdd tgd quet`toej frem Sn`te ej p* 8?. àevd*

8 Oj tgd tomd ef Lojb @m`sos ef Dbypt 'rdbjà`t horh` 46?-414 A*H*/ tgd @dbojdt`jswdrd ejd ef tgrdd Gdnndjoh hemmujotods tgd etgdr twe adojb tgd X`mo`js `ji tgd

Mondso`js tg`t pessdssdi sdp`r`td rdnoboeus prdhojhts `t Jùhr`tos idioh`tdi te tgdor

rdspdhtovd tutdn`ry Beis* Ygd etgdr jojd Gdnndjoh hemmujotods wgohg gì ` feetojb `t

Jùhr`tos wdrd hejtdjt te sg`rd ` hemmej prdhojht; tgd Gdnndjoej* @t tgos tomd. @tgdjs

jet ejny gì je sdttndmdjt ef gdr ewj `t Jùhr`tos. aut w`s jet dvdj ejd ef tgd jojd

hoty-st`tds tg`t sg`rdi oj tgd ìmojostr`toej eftgd Ojtdrj`toej`n Xdttndmdjt* 'Gdreietus.Aeel OO. hg* 027*/

> Oj OO* H 'oo/ '6/ 1. ej pp* 889-X+ àevd* s Jumadrs. hg* ;

OO D



Xe YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

frem tgd @dbd`j wge h`md te Xyro` jet `s a`ra`ro`js aut `s tgd

gdors ef tgd Moje`j Hovonoz`toej `ji wge teel pessdssoej ef tgd

perts `ji hotods `ji fodnis ef tgd Xgdpgdn`g ; tgd m`rotomd pnòj

tg`t dxtdjis frem tgd seutg-wdstdrj f`hd ef Meujt H`rmdnte

tgd jertg-d`stdrj frejtodr ef Dbypt*

Oj tgd hejjet`toej wgohg tgdor j`md g`s `hquordi. tgd Sgonos-

tojds g`vd f`rdi stonn wersd tg`j tgd Aedeto`js* Oj eur meidrj

Rdstdrj vehàun`ry. wotg ots dhgeds ef Xyro`h `ji Gdnndjoh

trìotoej. tgd weri "Aedeto`j" sobjofods jetgojb wersd tg`j ` hej-

bdjot`n eatusdjdss ef vosoej. wgond "Sgonostojd+ sobjofods` wonfun

anojijdss `ji ` monot`jt gestonoty tew`ris "tgd Hgesdj Sdepnd" wge

sdd tgdnobgt* Sessoany.

jdotgdr Sgonostojds jer Aedeto`js funny

idsdrvd tgdor aì j`md- Ot os preaànd. ej tgd wgend. tg`t tgdy

g`vd addj mosrdprdsdjtdi. hejsoidrojb tg`t tgdor rdput`toej g`s

addj `t tgd mdrhy ef gestond jdobgaeurs* _dt tgos hejsoidr`toej oj

otsdnf tdnns ` t`nd* Rgy os ot tg`t tgd pohturd ef tgdsd j`toejs wgohg

g`s hemd iewj te us os ` pohturd pòjtdi ay tgdor jdobgaeurs" g`jis

`ji jet ay tgdor ewj5 Ot os adhùsd tgdsd jdobgaeurs `ji hej-

tdmper`rods ef tgdors wdrd merd `htovd. merd veh`n. `ji merd

suhhdssfun tg`j tgdy wdrd. `ji gdjhd wdrd adttdr ànd tg`j tgdy

wdrd te omprdss tgdor ewj wonn `ji tgdor ewj vodw upej tgd futurd*

Ygd @tgdjo`js `ji Hg`nhoio`js. wge wdrd tgd Aedeto`js" jdobg-

aeurs. g`vd ehhupodi eur `ttdjtoej `nrdìy* Rd g`vd t`ldj jetd

ef tgd fd`ts `hhempnosgdi ay tgdm wgohg tgd Aedeto`js jdvdr

`ttdmptdi* Ndt us neel jew `t tgd jdobgaeurs ef tgd Sgonostojds.

`ji hemp`rd tgd Sgonostojds" rdheri wotg tgdors*

Ygd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej g`s tgrdd brd`t fd`ts te ots hrdiot*0

Ot

ojvdjtdi `j `npgàdtoh systdm ef wrotojb <ot ioshevdrdi tgd @tn`jtoh

Ehd`j< `ji ot `rrovdi `t ` p`rtohun`r hejhdptoej ef Bei wgohg os

hemmej te Kuiòsm. [ere`stro`josm. Hgrosto`joty. `ji Osn`m. aut

`nodj `nold frem tgd Dbypto`h. Xumdroh. Ojiod. `ji Gdnndjoh vdojs ef

rdnoboeus tgeubgt `ji fddnojb*1 Rgohg wdrd tgd Xyro`h hemmujotods

ay wgem tgdsd `hgodvdmdjts wdrd sdvdr`nny hejtroautdi5 Ygd

Sgonostojds m`y prevd te g`vd addj tgd tr`jsmottdrs. of jet tgd

ojvdjters. ef tgd dndmdjts ef tgd @npgàdt. of tgd hejkdhturdi

idrov`toej ef tgd @npgàdt frem semd Moje`j shropt8 os sua-

st`jto`tdi oj tgd futurd ojvdstob`toejs efeurRdstdrj `rhg`denebosts*

Sdjiojb furtgdr `rhg`deneboh`n rdsd`rhg. tgd hrdiot fer tgd ojvdj-

0 Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. ven* o. pp* 71 `ji 031. àevd*z @ji dqu`nny `nodj. ot weuni `ppd`r. frem tgd Moje`j `ji Gottnth vdojs. `s f`r `s

tgdsd `rd ljewj te us* Oj tgos h`t`nebud. tgd dxhdptoej wgohg prevds tgd rund os tgd

hejhdptoej ef Bei wgohg w`s `ttòjdi ay Olgj`tej 'sdh O* H 'oo/. ven* o. pp* 094-6.àevd. `ji S`rt VOO. adnew/* Ygd àertovd sen`r mejetgdosm ef Olgj`tej g`s ` ios-

tojhtny Xyro`h teuhg< aut tgos fn`sg ef onnumoj`toej oj tgd seun ef ` sojbnd ojiovoiu`n. wgew`s rdpuio`tdi ay tgd sehodty oj wgohg gd g`ppdjdi te ad aerj. h`j g`riny ad pn`hdite tgd hrdiot ef tgd Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej*

8 Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. ven* o. p* 031. feetjetd 8. àevd. `ji OO* I 'voo/. p* 876. feetjetd 1. adnew*




toej ef tgd @npgàdt must `t prdsdjt ad ndft uj`nneh`tdi* Rgdj wd

hemd. gewdvdr. te tgd etgdr twe Xyro`h `hgodvdmdjts. tgd gostery

ef wgohg os ` m`ttdr ef hemmej ljewndibd. wd foji tg`t tgd

Sgonostojds g`vd je p`rt er net oj tgdm*Rge wdrd tgesd Xyro`h sd`f`rdrs wge vdjturdi te sòn tgd wgend

ndjbtg ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j te tgd Sonn`rs ef Gdrhunds `ji eut

adyeji5 Jet tgd Sgonostojds. wgesd Moje`j `jhdsters gì addj

tgd poejddrs ef nejb-iost`jhd sd`m`jsgop oj tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j* 0

Oj tgd Sgonostojd hemmujotods ef tgd m`rotomd pnòj. tgd `jhdstr`n

sd`f`rojb trìotoej w`s aurodi. wotg tgd sewojb-herj. oj tgd furrews

ef tgd areì pneubgn`jis <`ji se. wgdj tgd Sgonostojds h`md te fddn

tgd jddi te

dxp`ji. tgdyteel tgd s`md

wrejb turjojb`s tgd

@rbovds teel oj tgd Sdnepejjdsd* Yurjojb tgdor a`hls ej tgd sd`.

tgd Sgonostojds teel up `rms te hejqudr tgd `roi newn`jis ef Addr-

sgda` `ji tgd wdnn-w`tdrdi v`nndys ef Dsir`dnej `ji Kdzrddn <`ji

tgdy mdt tgd @rbovds" f`td wgdj. oj fobgtojb fer tgd m`stdry ef

S`ndstojd. tgdy h`md ojte hejfnoht wotg stonn adttdr fobgtdrs; tgd

troadsmdj oj tgd gonn-heujtry ef Osr`dn `ji Kui`g* Ygd ioshevdry

ef tgd @tn`jtoh w`s `hgodvdi jet ay tgd Sgonostojd Neris ef tgd

Xgdpgdn`g. aut ay tgd Sgedjoho`j tdj`jts ef tgd rubbdi moiind

sdhtoej ef tgd Xyro`j he`st*

Ygdsd Sgedjoho`js wdrd ` rdmj`jt eftgd H`j``jotds tgd pepu-n`toej wgohg gì addj oj ehhup`toej ef Xyro` adferd tgd pest-

Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb idshdjidi nold ` gum`j fneei upej tgd

Heujtry* Rgdj tgd jdobgaeurs `ji lojsmdj ef tgd Sgedjoho`js

gì addj evdrwgdnmdi ay tgd ojhemojb Sgonostojds `ji Yduhro`js

frem tgd sd` `ji Osr`dnotds `ji @r`m`d`js frem tgd idsdrt. tgd

Sgedjoho`js gì survovdi adhùsd tgdor gemds `nejb tgd moiind

sdhtoej ef tgd Xyro`j he`st wdrd jet suffohodjtny ojvotojb te `ttr`ht

tgd ojvìdrs*

Sgedjoho`. wgohg tgd Sgonostojds ndft `nejd. prdsdjts ` rdm`rlànd

pgysoh`n hejtr`st te tgd Xgdpgdn`g. oj wgohg tgd Sgonostojds sdttndi*

Ej tgos sdhtoej ef tgd he`st. tgdrd os je areì pnòj `ji je brì`-

toej adtwddj pnòj `ji gonn-heujtry* Ojstdì. tgd meujtòj-r`jbdef Nda`jej rosds `nmest sgddr eut ef tgd sd` bruibojb tgd he`st-

iwdnndrs `jy pnòj ef tgdor ewj `ji huttojb tgdm eff frem tgd

pnòjs ef tgd ojtdroer* Nda`jej `ji Mdiotdrr`jd`j nod oj suhg `hnesd dmar`hd tg`t tgdy ie jet dvdj nd`vd reem adtwddj tgdm fer

reì er rònw`y*1 Ygd Sgedjoho`js hemmujoh`tdi wotg d`hg etgdr

+ Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. ven* o. p* 031. feetjetd 9. àevd*` Oj tgd yd`r 0?88 tgdrd w`s ` hejtojueus nojd ef st`ji`ri-bùbd rònw`y frem G`yi`r

S`sg`. tgd @so`toh rònw`y-tdrmojus `t Hejst`jtojepnd. `nn tgd w`y te Y`ràunus `t tgd

jertgdrj dji ef tgd Sgedjoho`j sdhtoej ef tgd Xyro`j he`st< tgdrd w`s `nse ` hejtojueus

nojd ef st`ji`ri-bùbd rònw`y frem Gòf`. `t tgd seutgdrj dji ef tgos sdhtoej ef he`st. te

Hòre< aut tgd b`p adtwddj Y`ràunus `ji Gòf` rdmòjdi ujaroibdi ewojb te tgd

dxpdjsd ojvenvdi oj tgd ioffohunt djbojddrojb fd`t ef auoniojb ` st`ji`ri-bùbd he`st`n




`ji wotg tgd eutdr werni ay w`tdr. he`stwosd <`ji ef tgd tgrdd

ndìojb Sgedjoho`j hotods Yyrd. @rìus. `ji Xoiej tgd twe

forst-mdjtoejdi wdrd jet dvdj sotu`tdi ej tgd mòjn`ji aut wdrd

pdrhgdi. nold bunns" jdsts. ej rehly eff-sgerd osn`jis* Rgdj tgd@r`m`d`js iroftdi ojte Xyro` eut ef tgd idsdrt. tgdy sontdi up

`bòjst tgd d`stdrj f`hd ef Nda`jej wotgeut pdjdtr`tojb adyeji ot<

`ji wgdj tgd Sgonostojd Venldrw`jidrujb p`ssdi tg`t w`y dj

reutd frem @j`teno` tew`ris Dbypt. wd m`y prdsumd tg`t tgd sgops

sòndi seutgw`ri stròbgt p`st tgd feraoiiojb Sgedjoho`j he`st te

tgd f`rtgdr soid ef "tgd Nìidr ef Yyrd". wgond tgd ex-h`rts teel

tgd ojn`ji reì. te tgd d`st ef Nda`jej. `nejb wgohg tgd meidrj

rònw`y-tr`vdnndrfrem

Yurldyte

Dbyptfojis gomsdnf

tr`jspertdite-i`y* Dvdj wgdj tgd Sgonostojds `ji Yduhro`js wdrd fnujb a`hl

frem tgd frejtodr ef Dbypt.0

tgdy ioi jet f`nn upej Sgedjoho` oj

tgdor rdheon* Ygdy f`stdjdi upej tgd Xgdpgdn`g `ji mìd je

pdrm`jdjt sdttndmdjts jertg ef Meujt H`rmdn* Ygus. tg`jls te

Nda`jej. tgd Sgedjoho`js survovdi tgd Sgonostojds" p`ss`bd< `ji.

`bòj tg`jls te Nda`jej. tgdy `htu`nny teel evdr frem tgdor jdw

jdobgaeurs tg`t Moje`j trìotoej efnejb-iost`jhdj`vob`toejwgohg

tgd Sgonostojds tgdmsdnvds jew iosh`ridi* Rgond tgd Sgonostojds

wdrd arewsojb ej tgd Xgdpgdn`g nold sgddp oj hnevdr `ji wdrd

mevojb ojn`ji. `t tgdor pdron. oj sd`rhg ef p`sturds jdw. tgd

Sgedjoho`js. wgesd m`rotomd gerozej gì gotgdrte addj rdstrohtdi

te tgd sgert r`jbd ef tgd he`stwosd tr`ffoh adtwddj Ayanes `ji tgd

Idnt` ef tgd Jond.1 jew nùjhgdi eut. Moje`j-f`sgoej. ojte tgd

epdj sd` `ji wej ` sdheji gemd fer tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej oj

tgd wdstdrj a`soj ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j `ji ej tgd he`sts ef tgd

Ehd`j adyeji*

Ygus tgd m`rotomd `hgodvdmdjt ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej w`shejtroautdi jet ay tgd Sgonostojds aut ay tgd Sgedjoho`js* Ygd

pgysoh`n ioshevdry ef tgd @tn`jtoh. gewdvdr. os surp`ssdi. `s ` fd`t

ef gum`j prewdss. ay tgd sporotu`n ioshevdry ef Mejetgdosm<`ji

tgos `hgodvdmdjt w`s hejtroautdi ay ` Xyro`h hemmujoty tg`t gì

addj str`jidi ay tgd Venldrw`jidrujb oj ` pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt

wgohg w`s stonn ndss ojvotojb tg`j tgd Sgedjoho`j he`st ; j`mdny. tgd

rònw`y te nojl Y`ràunus `ji Gòf` tebdtgdr* Ygus tgd rònw`y-tr`vdnndr wge. adtwddj

Nejiej `ji @ndppe. gì ejny addj rdquordi te hg`jbd h`rro`bds twohd `t tgd Xtròts efIevdr `ji `t tgd Aespgerus gì te hg`jbd feur tomds merd oj eridr te hempndtd gos

rònw`y-keurjdy te Hòre* @t Gerjs gd gì te nd`vd gos tgreubg-h`rro`bd. aeuji fer

ròngdì `t Y`ràunus. oj eridr te prehddi `nejb tgd ar`jhg nojd ndìojb te tgd ojn`ji

kujhtoej ef Q`y`q* @t Q`y`q gd gì te hg`jbd tròjs frem tgd st`ji`ri-bùbd rònw`yej te ` j`rrew-bùbd rònw`y wgohg d`rjdi gom 'ay r`hl-`ji-pojoej evdr @jto-Nda`jej/te I`m`shus* @t I`m`shus gd gì te hg`jbd `bòj ej te `jetgdr j`rrew-bùbd rònw`y*@ji foj`nny gd gì te hg`jbd ` feurtg tomd oj eridr te ae`ri ` tròj rujjojb ej tgd

st`ji`ri-bùbd rònw`y adtwddj Gòf` `ji Hòre* Ygdsd idtòns ef meidrj rònw`ybdebr`pgy arojb eut. oj ` strolojb w`y. tgd ioffohunty ef n`ji-tr`ffoh `nejb tgd Sgedjoho`jhe`st* o Xdd O* H 'o/ '&/. ven* o. pp* ?8 `ji 033-0. àevd*

1 Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. ven* o. p* 031. feetjetd 9. àevd*




gonn-heujtry ef Dpgròm `ji Kui`g* Ygos heujtry w`s ojiddi se

dxtrdmdny ujojvotojb tg`t oj spotd ef ots pesotoej oj tgd gd`rt ef

Xyro`. evdrneelojb tgd gobg reì adtwddj Dbypt `ji Xgoj`r ot

`ppd`rs te g`vd rdmòjdi 'nold tgd roft-v`nndy ef tgd Keri`j/0

`vorboj wonidrjdss tgreubgeut tgd tgeus`ji yd`rs `ji merd iurojbwgohg tgd rdst ef Xyro` gì addj ojherper`tdi suhhdssovdny forst

oj tgd Dmpord ef Xumdr `ji @llì. wgohg w`s tgd Xumdroh

ujovdrs`n st`td. `ji tgdj oj tgd Gylses "suhhdsser-st`td+ ef tg`t

dmpord. `ji tgdj oj "tgd Jdw Dmpord" ef Dbypt* @pp`rdjtny. tgos

p`thg ef tgoj-seondi.ferdst-hevdrdi gonn-heujtry rdmòjdi notdr`nny `

je-m`j"s-n`ji ujton "tgd Jdw Dmpord" adb`j te nesd ots brop upej

Xyro`

`ji tgd

pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujbsdt

oj<`ji tgdj. `t

n`st. ot w`s pepun`tdi ay tgd ìvdjtureus v`jbu`ri ef tgd Gdardw

Jemìs wge gì iroftdi ojte tgd frojbds ef Xyro` eut ef tgd Jertg

@rào`j Xtdppd*1 Ygdsd Gdardws wdrd hejtdjt. fer tgd mest p`rt.

te g`nt oj tgd p`sturd-n`jis d`st ef Keri`j `ji seutg ef Gdarej*

Ygd gonn-heujtry adyeji w`s tgd f`rtgdst aeurjd ef tgdor mobr`-toej

<`ji gdrd tgd Osr`dnotd poejddrs tr`jsfermdi tgdmsdnvds frem

Jemìoh stehl-arddidrs ojte sdidjt`ry tonndrs ef ` stejy breujiwgohg tgdy nàeroeusny hnd`rdi ef ots ferdsts8

ejny te sdd tgd seon

wgohg tgdy gì wej frem tgd trdds w`sgdi `w`y ay tgd ròjs te

iddpdj tgd Sgonostojd pneubgn`jis ej tgd Xgdpgdn`g* Ygd g`ri-

jdss ef tgd nofd wgohg g`s te ad novdi ay tgd gusa`jim`j wgesd

net os h`st oj tgos gonn-heujtry ef Dpgròm `ji Kui`g os hejvdydi oj

tgd fennewojb p`ss`bds frem tgd rdpert ef `j dxpdrodjhdi Arotosg

ojvdstob`ter wge. oj tgd yd`r 0?83. easdrvdi ej tgd spet tgd nofd ef

tgd Osr`dnotd gusa`jimdj"s meidrj @rà suhhdssers*9

"Ygd huntov`tdi n`ji oj tgd Gonns v`rods vdry n`rbdny aetg oj idptg `ji

qu`noty ef tgd seon* Oj tgd v`nndys tgdrd `rd strdthgds ef fdrtond n`ji. wgohgwonn brew sds`md `s ` summdr hrep* Ej tgd gonnsoids tgd seon os sg`nnew

`ji ojfdrtond. `ji tgd dxtdjt ef n`ji-gujbdr os dvoidjt frem tgd f`ht tg`t

dvdry `vònànd pnet ef seon os huntov`tdi. dvdj wgdj ot os se sm`nn tg`t tgd

pneubg h`jjet ad dmpneydi* Ygdrd huntov`toej os h`rrodi ej wotg tgd

m`ttehl `ji tgd ged* Ygd g`rvdst ef suhg pnets. dvdj oj ` f`veurànd

yd`r. os dxhddiojbny sm`nn oj bdjdr`n ot sddms ieuatfun wgdtgdr suhg

0 Xdd tgd quet`toej frem Diu`ri Mdydr oj OO* H 'oo/ '`/ 1. ven* o. p* 142. àevd*

1 Ygdsd st`tdmdjts noldwosd `rd mìd ej tgdùtgeroty

ef Diu`ri Mdydr; Bdshgohgtd

ids @ntdrtums. ven* oo 'o/. 1ji diotoej 'Xtuttb`rt `ji Adrnoj 0?17. Hptt`/. p* ?6*8 Xdd Kesgu` xvoo* 09-07. fer tgd m`rl mìd upej tgd Osr`dnotds" fenl-mdmery ay

tgd nàeur ef idferdstojb tgos gonn-heujtry oj eridr te foji reem fer `j dx-Jemìoh

pdepnd tg`t gì addj irovdj eff tgd Jertg @rào`j Xtdppd ydt w`s idtdrrdi ay ots fd`r

ef tgd orej hg`roets ef tgd H`j``jotds frem idshdjiojb ojte tgd fdrtond v`nndy ef Kdzrddn*

9 Ygd meidrj @rà pd`s`jtry ef S`ndstojd. nold tgdor Osr`dnotd prdidhdssers. `rd

idshdjidi p`rtny frem Jemìoh ojtruidrs eff tgd Jertg @rào`j Xtdppd. wge ojpgysoh`n

r`hd wdrd @fr`so`j "nejb-gdìs+. `ji p`rtny frem "areì-gdìdi" idjozdjs eftgd gobgn`ji

zejd ef fenidi meujtòjs 'sdd ven* o. p* 817. àevd/. wge werldi tgdor w`y iewj te tgd

S`ndstojo`j gobgn`jis frem tgd @j`teno`j Sn`tdù* @jtgrepemdtroh stuiods ef tgd meidrj

pepun`toej ef S`ndstojd ojioh`td tg`t. oj tgd rdpd`tdi moxturd eftwe r`hds wgohg g`s gdrd

t`ldj pn`hd. tgd "@npojd" stròj g`s prdvòndi evdr tgd "Mdiotdrr`jd`j"*




huntov`toej h`j p`y* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. dvdj tgd mest rehly gonnsoids

suppert trdds. dspdho`nny enovds< `ji. of h`pot`n wdrd `vònànd. m`jy ef

tgd huntov`ters ef tgdsd dxobueus `ji ojfdrtond pnets weuni ad ànd te bòj

` novdnogeei

ay

huntov`toej ef fruot trdds `ji ef enovds* Ygdsd huntov`ters

g`vd. gewdvdr. je h`pot`n.`ji h`jjet `fferi te ferbe dvdj tgd md`brd

hreps eatòjdi. fer tgd feur er fovd yd`rs wgohg `rd rdquordi adferd fruot-

trdds rdjidr ` rdturj* Oj tgd h`sd ef tgd enovd. tgd pdroei adferd ` rdturj

m`y ad dxpdhtdi os muhg nejbdr*

Ygdrd os nottnd orrob`toej oj tgd Gonn Heujtry* Gdrd `ji tgdrd `rd

sprojbs wgohg `fferi ` suppny fer tgd orrob`toej ef ` sm`nn `rd`< aut.

t`ldj `s ` wgend. tgd heujtry os `roi `ji tgd hreps idpdji ej ròj* * * *

"Oj tgd adst h`sd *** ot os ompessoand tg`t tgd bdjdr`n hg`r`htdr ef tgd

huntov`toej oj tgd Gonn Heujtry h`j ad rìoh`nny hg`jbdi. dxhdpt oj se

f`r `s fruot h`j ad mìd te rdpn`hd bròj* * * * Frem tgd peojt ef vodw

ef `brohunturd. tgd Gonn Heujtry wonn `nw`ys rdmòj `j ujs`tosf`htery

prepesotoej* * * *

"Ygd nofd ef tgd f`nn`g os ejd ef brd`t strubbnd `ji prov`toej* * * .

"Ot os ` hemmej omprdssoej tg`t tgd f`nn`g"s huntov`toej os djtordny

ojìdqu`td. `ji ` beei id`n ef roiohund g`s addj `ji os peurdi upej tgd

jòn-pneubg wgohg gd usds* Oj tgd stejy heujtry ef tgd Gonns. je etgdr

pneubg weuni ad ànd te ie tgd werl `t `nn* Rotg rdb`ri te tgd usd ef

tg`t pneubg. Ir* Ronl`jsly \`meidrj [oejost `brohuntur`n dxpdrt]

wrotds; Ygd @rà pneubg os nold tgd `jhodjt Gdardw pneubg* *** Ot

pdrferms vdry snewny. ot os trud. aut vdry tgereubgny `nn tgd fujhtoejs

fer wgohg ` hemaoj`toej ef meidrj m`hgojds os rdquordi* * * * Ygd

pneubgojb eftgd f`nn`g os àevd rdpre`hg* Gos fodni. prdp`rdi fer sewojb.

os jdvdr ojfdroer te tg`t prdp`rdi ay tgd mest pdrfdht ompndmdjts. `ji

semdtomds ot dvdj surp`ssds `nn etgdrs*j

Oj suhg ` heujtry. `ji ujidr suhg hejiotoejs. tgd Osr`dnotds hej-

tojudi te novd oj eashuroty ujton tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej gì p`ssdi

ots zdjotg* @s n`td `s tgd foftg hdjtury adferd Hgrost. `t ` i`td wgdj`nn tgd brd`t prepgdts ef Osr`dn gì `nrdìy sòi tgdor s`y. tgd j`mdef Osr`dn w`s stonn ujljewj te tgd brd`t Brddl gostero`j Gdreietus

`ji tgd N`ji ef Osr`dn w`s stonn m`sldi ay tgd N`ji ef tgd Sgonos-

tojds oj tgd Gdreietd`j p`jer`m` ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni* RgdjGdreietus wosgds te idsobj`td tgd pdepnds ef Xyro` `s ` wgend. gd

h`nns tgdm "tgd Sgedjoho`js `ji tgd Xyro`js oj tgd N`ji ef tgd

Sgonostojds"<

1 `ji "tgd N`ji ef tgd Sgonostojds" Fon`stoj er S`ndstojd

os tgd

j`md ay wgohg Drdz Osr`dn g`s hejtojudi te ad ljewj`mejb tgd Bdjtonds iewj te tgos i`y*

8 _dt oj tgdsd a`rrdj n`ji-

nehldi gobgn`jis. wgohg wdrd jet ef suffohodjt werniny ompert`jhdte `hquord dvdj ` rdhebjozdi j`md eftgdor ewj. tgdrdw`somm`jdjt

0Xompsej. Xor K* G*; S`ndstojd; Qdpert ej Ommobr`toej. N`ji Xdttndmdjt `ji Idvdnep-

mdjt 'Arotosg S`rno`mdjt`ry S`pdr Hmi* 8676 ef 0?83; Nejiej 0?83. G*M* Xt`toejdryEffohd/. p* 09. 64. `ji 66*

1d*b* oj Aeel OO. hg* 039. `ji oj Aeel VOO. hg* 7?*

8Yn`@òhmvYk ks tgd @jhodjt Brddl `ji KN5 tgd meidrj @ràoh fer Sgonosto`*




'te p`r`pgr`sd Sn`te"s n`jbu`bd/0 ` iovojd ojspor`toej wgohg mìd

tgos ujojvotojb heujtry ` md`js ef br`hd te tgesd wge h`md te

sdttnd tgdrd* @ Xyro`h fànd tdnns gew tgos iovojoty ejhd tdstdi `

lojb ef Osr`dn wotg tgd mest sd`rhgojb tdst tg`t ` Bei h`j `ppny te` mert`n*

"Ygd Neri `ppd`rdi te Xenemej oj ` ird`m ay jobgt< `ji Beisòi; @sl wg`t O sg`nn bovd tgdd* @ji Xenemej sòi; *** Bovd * * *

tgy sdrv`jt `j ujidrst`jiojb gd`rt* * * * @ji tgd spddhg pnd`sdi tgd

Neri. tg`t Xenemej gì `sldi tgos tgojb* @ji Bei sòi ujte gom;

Adhùsd tgeu g`st `sldi tgos tgojb. `ji g`st jet `sldi fer tgysdnf nejb

nofd< jdotgdr g`st `sldi rohgds fer tgysdnf. jer g`st `sldi tgd nofd ef

tgojd djdmods< aut g`st `sldi fer tgysdnf ujidrst`jiojb te ioshdrj

kuibmdjt < adgeni. O g`vd iejd `hheriojb te tgy weris ; ne. O g`vd bovdjtgdd ` wosd `ji `j ujidrst`jiojb gd`rt. se tg`t tgdrd w`s jejd nold tgdd

adferd tgdd. jdotgdr `ftdr tgdd sg`nn `jy `rosd nold ujte tgdd* @ji O g`vd

`nse bovdj tgdd tg`t wgohg tgeu g`st jet `sldi.aetg rohgds `ji gejeur. se

tg`t tgdrd sg`nn jet ad `jy `mejb tgd lojbs nold ujte tgdd `nn tgy i`ys*"1

Ygos fànd ef Xenemej"s Hgeohd os ` p`rànd ef tgd gostery ef tgd

Hgesdj Sdepnd* Oj tgd pewdr ef tgdor sporotu`n ujidrst`jiojb. tgd

Osr`dnotds surp`ssdi tgd monot`ry prewdss ef tgd Sgonostojds `ji

tgd m`rotomd prewdss ef tgd Sgedjoho`js* Ygdy gì jet seubgt`ftdr tgesd tgojbs wgohg tgd Bdjtonds sddl. aut gì seubgt forst tgd

lojbiem ef Bei<`ji tgdrdferd `nn tgesd tgojbs wdrd ìidi ujte

tgdm* 8 @s fer tgd nofd ef tgdor djdmods. tgd mobgty mdj ef tgd

Sgonostojds wdrd idnovdrdi ojte Osr`dn"s g`jis te ad smottdj wotg tgd

dibd ef tgd sweri* @s fer rohgds. Kdwry djtdrdi ojte tgd ojgdro-

t`jhd ef Yyrd `ji H`rtg`bd te hejiuht tr`js`htoejs ej ` sh`nd

adyeji Sgedjoho`j ird`ms oj hejtojdjts adyeji Sgedjoho`j

ljewndibd* @sfer

nejb nofd.tgd

Kdwsnovd ej tgd s`md

pdhuno`rpdepnd te-i`y. nejb `bds `ftdr tgd Sgedjoho`js `ji tgd Sgonostojds

g`vd nest tgdor oidjtoty nold `nn tgd j`toejs* Ygd `jhodjt Xyro`h

jdobgaeurs ef Osr`dn g`vd f`nndj ojte tgd mdntojb-pet `ji g`vd addj

rd-mojtdi. oj tgd funnjdss ef tomd. wotg jdw om`bds `ji supdrshrop-

toejs. wgond Osr`dn g`s prevdi ompdrvoeus te tgos `nhgdmy pdr-

fermdi ay Gostery oj tgd hruhoands ef ujovdrs`n st`tds `ji ujovdrs`n

hgurhgds `ji w`jidrojbs ef tgd j`toejs te wgohg wd Bdjtonds `nn

oj turj suhhuma*9

Nda`jej `ji kfà`n @js`rty`g

Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd rends ef tgd Sgedjoho`js `ji tgd

Sgonostojds oj tgd gostery ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej os rdpreiuhdi. oj

0 Xdd tgd p`ss`bd quetdi àevd oj OO* H 'oo/ '`/ 1. ven* o. ej p 141. oj feetjetd 1*

+ o Lojbs ooo* 4-08*8 M`tt* vo* 80-8< Nuld xoo* 1?-80*

9 Frem tgd Bdjtond st`jipeojt. meidrjKdwry os tgd "fesson" rdmj`jt ef ` sehodty tg`t os

dxtojht* Fer tgos pgdjemdjej ef "fessonoz`toej". sdd O* A 'uo/. ven* o. p. 84. `ji O* H 'o/

'6/. pp* ?3-1. àevd< `ji OO* I 'vo/ `ji S`rt OW. adnew*




tgd gostery ef tgd `ffono`tdi @ràoh Hovonoz`toej. oj ` herrdspejiojb

hejtr`st wgohg h`j ad stuiodi oj tgd nofd `t tgd prdsdjt i`yadtwddj tgd djtdrprosd ef tgd Nda`jdsd gobgn`jidrs. oj tgd gojtdr-

n`ji ef tgd fermdr Sgedjoho`j perts ef Xoiej `ji Yyrd `ji Ayanus.`ji tgd st`bj`toej ef tgd Jus`yro gobgn`jidrs wge novd ej tgd

jertgdrj soid ef tgd J`gr-`n-Làor oj tgd gojtdrn`ji ef @rìus*

Oj meidrj tomds tgd gobgn`jidrs ef tgd Nda`jej g`vd dmu-

n`tdi tgd gosteroh dxpneots ef tgd Sgedjoho`j osn`jidrs ef Yyrd `ji

@rìus ay sddlojb tgdor fertujds àreì `ji m`lojb ` novdnogeei

`s trìdrs `ji sgeplddpdrs f`r `ji woid oj Dbypt `ji oj Rdst

@froh` `ji oj tgd Jdw Rerni* 0 Ygd Jus`yro gobgn`jidrs. ej tgd

etgdr g`ji. g`vd addj `s

st`y-`t-gemd

`s tgd Sgonostojd hej-

tdmper`rods ef tgd Sgedjoho`js*

Ygd dxtrdmd idbrdd `ji nejb hejtoju`jhd ef tgd Jus`yros"

st`bj`toej oj tgdor gobgn`ji gemds os `ttdstdi ay tgd `jtoqud `spdht

ef tgdor rdnoboej* Ygd Nda`jej. oj ots ewj idbrdd. os ` musdum ef

rdnoboeus survov`ns* Ygd dx-Mejetgdndtd1 M`rejotds `ji tgdMeje-

pgysotd K`heaotds `ji tgd Om`mo Xgo"Os ef tgd Kà`n "@mon `ji tgd

Irusds `rd se m`jy "fesson" rdmj`jts ef ioffdrdjt pg`sds oj tgd nejbhejt`ht adtwddj tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej `ji tgd Gdnndjoh* 8 Ygd

Jus`yros. tee. g`vd `hquordi semd tojhturd ef Xyro`h rdnoboej oj

ots n`tdst pg`sd* Ygdy g`vd tr`vdstodi tgd Osm`"nno Xgo"osm wgohg

ferhdi `j djtry ojte tgdor meujtòj f`stjdss oj tgd `bd ef tgd

Hrusìds9 ay idofyojb tgd H`nopg "@nn àu Y`noa<aut tgos wersgop

ef "@nn os ejny `j `hhrdtoej<4 `ji tgd herd ef tgdor rdnoboej `ppd`rs

te ad semd neh`n wersgop wgohg os merd `jhodjt tg`j dotgdr Osn`m er

Hgrosto`joty `ji os pdrg`ps dvdj proer te tg`t omp`ht ef Gdnndjosm

ej tgd Xyro`h Rerni oj wgohg aetg Hgrosto`joty `ji Osn`m g`vd

eroboj`tdi* Ygd sg`rpjdss ef tgd hejtr`st. oj dvdry `spdht efseho`n nofd. adtwddj tgd Jus`yros `ji tgd Nda`jdsd os vdry strolojb <

`ji tgdrd os `nse ` strolojb hejtr`st adtwddj tgd twe pdepnds"

rdspdhtovd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjts*

Rgond tgd j`tovd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt ef tgd Nda`jdsd os pdr-

g`ps jet quotd se stomun`tojb `s tgd rehly osndt ef Yyrd. wgohg

h`jjet ad huntov`tdi `t `nn. ot prdsdjts ` sdvdrdr hg`nndjbd te tgd

gusa`jim`j tg`j tgd gonn-heujtry ef Dpgròm `ji Kui`g* Ej tgd

stejy fn`jls ef Nda`jej tgdrd os ` roboi nomot te tgd g`rvdsts tg`th`j ad wrujb eut ef ` sh`jty seon. `ji tgos seon otsdnf h`j ejny ad

0 Xdd OO* I 'vo/. p* 887. adnew*8*Dfh-Mejetgdndtd. adhùsd tgd M`rejotds g`vd addj oj funn hemmujoej wotg tgd

Qem`j H`tgenoh Hgurhg sojhd @*I* 0994. tgeubg tgdy g`vd rdtòjdi tgdor ewj Xyro`d

noturby `ji tgdor ewj dhhndso`stoh`n ioshopnojd*8 Xdd OO* I

'vo/. pp* 189-6. `ji OO* I 'voo/. pp* 174-7. adnew*9 Xdd OO* I

'vo/.p* 147. adnew*

Ej tgd so

K 'vo/. p* 147. adnew*

ktrdjbtg ef ot. tgd Frdjhg m`ji`tery ùtgerotods g`vd iuaadi tgd Jus`yros'@ràoh pnur`n "@js`roy`g"/ "@neuotds". wgohg os ` B`nnohosm fer tgd @ràoh "@n`woym*




hejsdrvdi `ji ldpt ujidr huntov`toej ay nàeroeus tdrr`hojb*0

Ayhejtr`st. tgd Kà`n @js`jy`g. tgeubg ot "g`s addj idshroadi `s `

a`rrdj rdboej". os oj rd`noty "`j dxtrdmdny `brddànd `ji fdrtond

tr`ht* Adojb newdr `ji ndss rehly. ot os j`tur`nny muhg merd fdrtondtg`j tgd Nda`jej"*1 Oj tgd nobgt ef tgd neh`n prdhdidjts. ot neels `s

tgeubg tgd Nda`jdsdgìaddj stomun`tdi te dmun`tdtgd Sgedjoho`js

ay tgd a`rrdjjdss ef tgdor j`tovd meujtòj. wgond tgd `brddànd-jdss ef tgd Kà`n @js`roy`g g`s ojvdobndi tgd Jus`yros ojte

vdbdt`tojb oj ` Sgonostojd snetg*

Ar`jidjaurb `ji tgd Qgojdn`ji

Rgdj wd turj frem tgd @dbd`j `ji frem Xyro`8

te tgd shdjds efeur ewj Rdstdrj gostery. somon`r hejtr`sts strold tgd dyd*

Xuppesd. fer dx`mpnd. tg`t ejd fojis ejdsdnf oj tgd h`pot`n hoty ef

dotgdr ef tgd twe brd`t Hdjtr`n Durepd`j Dmpords ef tgd meidrj

`bd ; tgd Gegdjzenndrj Dmpord ef Ar`jidjaurb-Srusso`-Bdrm`jy`ji tgd I`juao`j G`psaurb Mej`rhgy* Ejd g`s ejny te ae`ri `j

eutbeojb tròj `t `jy rònw`y tdrmojus oj dotgdr Adrnoj er Vodjj` oj

eridr te rdhdovd tgd s`md omprdssoej tg`t ` tr`vdnndr rdhdovds wgdj

gdbeds ay

tròj frem tgd

@dbd`j`rd` ojte tgd ojtdroer ef @j`teno`

er ojte tgd ojtdroer ef Durepd*9 Oj wgohgdvdr iordhtoej yeu m`y

g`ppdj te ad tr`vdnnojb eutw`ris frem tgd juhndus ef tgd Gegdj-

zenndrj er ef tgd G`psaurb Dmpord ojte ots frojbds `ji eutslorts.

yeu foji yeursdnf p`ssojb eut ef `j ujusu`nny ioffohunt pgysoh`n

. djvorejmdjt ojte djvorejmdjts wgdrd tgd ioffohuntods `rd ndss

fermoiànd*

0 Xdh OO* I'vo/. p* 147. adnew*

+ Arotosg @imor`nty; @ G`jiaeel ef Xyro` 'Nejiej 0?13. G*M* Xt`toejdry Effohd/.

S- 88?-8 Rd h`jjet t`ld nd`vd ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni wotgeut easdrvojb tg`t. oj tgd pdjuntom`td

pg`sd ef Xyro`h gostery. tgd hejtr`st wgohg wd g`vd areubgt eut adtwddj Sgedjoho` `jiSgonosto` w`s rdpreiuhdi. oj

t

tgd Gok`z '` rdboej wgohg os ` seutgw`ri dxtdjsoej ef

Xyro` ojte @rào`/. oj tgd somon`r hejtr`st adtwddj tgd twe e`sds ef Mdhh` `ji Mdioj`*

Ygd hemmujoty wgohg gì sdttndi oj tgd v`nndy ef Mdhh` * * * h`jjet. wgdj tgdy sdndhtdi

tgos spet. g`vd gepdi te novd ay ots preiuhd< fer tg`t tgd seon os ojh`pànd ef preiuhojb

`jytgojb os `ttdstdi ay `nn wge ljew ot. frem tgd ùtger ef tgd Pur"`j te tgd prdsdjt

i`y* * * * Tjnold Mdhh`. _`tgroa \Mdioj`] nods oj ` fruotfun pnòj* R`nndi gàot`toejs.

brddj fodnis. rujjojb w`tdr. dvdry andssojb tgd D`stdrj moji h`j idsord. `rd tgdrd*

@ji ojiddi tgd rohgjdss ef tgd seon fojis dxprdssoej oj tgd j`md Y`"oa`g. tgd pnd`sojb*"

'M`rbenoeutg. I* X*; Meg`mmdi. 8ri diotoej 'Nejiej 0?34. Sutj`m/. pp* 27 `ji

074*/ Oj hejsdqudjhd. wd foji tg`t tgd _`tgroaos. nold tgd Sgonostojds. wdrd hejtdjt te

huntov`td tgdor b`ridj wotgeut turjojb tgdor g`jis er mojis te etgdr tgojbs er adt`lojb

tgdmsdnvds adyeji tgdor ewj aeridrs. wgdrd`s tgd Mdhh`js wdrd stomun`tdi ay tgd

hg`nndjbd ef ` a`rrdj gemd te t`ld te tgd Xtdppd `s tgd Sgedjoho`js. oj somon`r horhum-

st`jhds. gì t`ldj te tgd sd`. `ji te d`rj tgdor novojbs `s h`mdn-h`r`v`jdrs* Ot os sobjofo-

h`jt tg`t Mdhh`. `ji jet Mdioj`. w`s tgd e`sos oj wgohg tgd Gok`zo Srepgdt Mug`mmìw`s aerj `ji areubgt up* Ot w`s tgd stomunus ef gos hejt`ht wotg tgd brd`t werni oj gos

h`r`v`j dxpdiotoejs te tgd Xyro`j idsdrt-perts ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord. horh` @*I* 4?9 sdqq*.

tg`t b`vd Mug`mmì tgd mdjt`n stomunus wgohg ompdnndi gom te dma`rl upej tgd

h`rddr ef ` rdnoboeus rdvenutoej`ry* 'Fer tgd h`rddr ef Mug`mmì. sdd OOO* H 'u/ '6/.

ven* ooo. pp* 126-7. wotg @jjdx OO. adnew*/9 Fer tgos omprdssoej. `s dxpdrodjhdi ay tgd wrotdr ef tgos Xtuiy. sdd pp* 86-2.

àevd*




Y`ld tgd juhndus ef tgd Gegdjzenndrj iemojoejs ; tgd tdrroterods

wgohg Frdidrohl tgd Brd`t ojgdrotdi frem gos f`tgdr wgdj gd h`md

te tgd Srusso`j tgrejd ; Ar`jidjaurb. Semdr`jo`. D`st Srusso`* @s

yeu tr`vdn tgreubg tgos ujprdpessdssojb heujtry adtwddj tgd G`vdn`ji tgd M`suro`j N`lds. wotg ots st`rvdnojb pojd-pn`jt`toejs `ji

ots s`jiy fodnis. yeu mobgt f`jhy tg`t yeu wdrd tr`vdrsojb semd

eutnyojb herjdr ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd. wgdrd tgd `bbrdssovd idsdrt

w`s tgrustojb ots iry aejds up `ji eut tgreubg tgd sloj ef tgd

Durepd`j n`jish`pd* Ygdj tr`vdn ej wdstw`ri frem Ar`jidjaurb

ojte tgd Qgojdn`ji er d`stw`ri frem Srusso` ojte Notgu`jo` er

jertgw`ri frem Semdr`jo` ojte Xh`jioj`vo`; wgohgdvdr w`y yeu

be. yeuwonn

dxpdrodjhd` jdw sdjs`toej* @s tgd

p`sturds

`ji addhg-

weeis ef Idjm`rl er tgd an`hl d`rtg ef Notgu`jo` er tgd vojdy`ris

ef tgd Qgojdn`ji brddt yeur dyds. yeu wonn ard`tgd ` sobg ef rdnodf

`t yeur p`ss`bd ojte ` jerm`n Durepd`j n`jish`pd eut ef ` n`ji-

sh`pd wgohg w`s `j effdjhd te yeur `dstgdtoh sdjsoaonotods* "Xe tgos

rdpunsovd Estdnaoshgds N`ji os. `ftdr `nn. semdtgojb dxhdptoej`n oj

tgd Durepd`j pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt!" Yrud djeubg< ydt ot os je

ndss trud tg`t tgd idshdji`jts ef tgd mdiodv`n Rdstdrj henejosts

wgesd net w`s h`st oj tgdsd "aì n`jis" g`vd pn`ydi `j dxhdptoej`n

rend oj tgd meidrj gostery ef tgd Rdstdrj Rerni* Ygd ndbdji`ry

"Srusso`j" m`y ad `s ujprdpessdssojb `s gos gemdn`ji* 'Ygdrd os

`nw`ys ` fnohldr ef fn`md adgoji ` shrddj ef smeld `ji `nw`ys `

bròj ef trutg adjd`tg tgd mest gestond h`roh`turd*/ Ad tg`t `s ot

m`y. gd g`s m`j`bdi te m`ld gos ujpremosojb lojbiem "tgd

diuh`toej ef Durepd" oj hdrtòj m`ttdrs wgohg je beei Durepd`jh`j `ffdht te idsposd* Ygd Srusso`j g`s tùbgt gos jdobgaeurs gew

te m`ld s`ji preiuhd hdrd`ns ay djrohgojb ot wotg `rtofoho`n

m`jurds< `ji gd g`s tùbgt us gew te ròsd ` wgend pepun`toej

te `j ujprdhdidjtdi st`ji`ri ef seho`n dffohodjhy ay ` systdm ef

ujovdrs`n hempunsery st`td diuh`toej `ji te `j ujprdhdidjtdist`ji`ri ef seho`n sdhuroty ay ` somon`r systdm ef gd`ntg `ji

ujdmpneymdjt ojsur`jhd* Ojtgdsdrdspejsds te gos pgysoh`n djvorej-

mdjt. tgd Srusso`j g`s pdrfermdi ` brd`tdr sdrvohd te M`jloji`ji g`s dstànosgdi ` merd n`stojb mdmero`n fer gomsdnf tg`j oj

gos merd jeteroeus `hgodvdmdjts; tgd tròjojb ef tgd Srusso`j

@rmy `ji tgd auoniojb ef tgd Bdrm`j Qdohg*

@ustro` `ji Nema`riy

Y`ld. `bòj. tgd juhndus ef tgd I`juao`j G`psaurb iemojoejs ;

tgesd I`juao`j tdrroterods wgohg tgd Dmpdrer Hg`rnds V ojgdrotdi

frem tgd Dmpdrer M`xomono`j adferd tgd I`juao`j Mej`rhgyteel sg`pd oj tgd soxtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. `ji wgohg

tgd @ustro`j Qdpuanoh ojgdrotdi `bòj frem tgd n`st @ustro`j




Dmpdrer Hg`rnds wgdj tgd Mej`rhgy areld up oj 0?07* Ej tgd

`dstgdtoh sh`nd ef v`nuds. tgd gd`rt ef @ustro` `ji tgd gd`rt ef

Srusso` `rd ef heursd `t eppesotd dxtrdmds* Ygd @nps oj tgd Yyren

`ji tgd X`nzl`mmdrbut. `ji tgd I`juad oj Tppdr `ji Newdr@ustro`. `rd `s adùtofun `s tgd s`jis `ji pojd weeis ef Ar`jidj-

aurb `ji Semdr`jo` `rd ubny* _dt. of tgd easdrv`jt tr`vdnndr os jet

`j `rtost aut `j dhejemost. gos presòh dyd wonn rdbostdr tgd s`md

omprdssoej wgdj gd tr`vdns eutw`ris frem Vodjj` `s wgdj gd

tr`vdns eutw`ris frem Adrnoj* Rgdtgdr gos keurjdy h`rrods gom eut

ef tgd Yyrendsd er Xtyro`j meujtòjs ojte tgd pnòjs ef A`v`ro` er

Nema`riy er Hre`to` er Gujb`ry. erfrem tgda`jls ef tgd @ustro`j

I`juad te tgd a`jls ef tgd Aegdmo`jDnad.

tgddhejemost.

`s gd

easdrvds tgd hg`jbds oj tgd n`jish`pd. wonn objerd tgd tr`jsotoej

frem v`rodty te mejetejy wgohg tgd `rtost pdrhdovds. `ji wonn t`ld

jetd tg`t gd g`s ndft ` nd`j n`ji. fnewojb wotg jetgojb adttdr tg`j

monl `ji gejdy. `ji g`s djtdrdi f`t n`jis wgdrd tgd pnòjs `rd

hevdrdi wotg gep-fodnis er vojdy`ris er wgd`t-fodnis er addt-fodnis.

`ji wgdrd tgd meujtòjs `rd neìdi wotg mojdr`n erds* _dt tg`t

nd`j n`ji ef @ustro` ardi tgd iyj`sty0 wgohg b`tgdrdi tebdtgdr tgd

f`t n`jis reuji àeut `ji gdni tgdm ujotdi fer feur hdjturods

`bòjst ` gest ef djdmods wotgeut `ji wotgoj*

Ygd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd rdn`tovd pevdrty ef tgd juhndus ef tgd

G`psaurb Mej`rhgy `ji tgd rdn`tovd rohgds eftgd `ppdjidi hrewj-

n`jis bovds tgd pgysoh`n dxpn`j`toej ef tgd bdjdsos eftgd I`juao`j

Mej`rhgy*1 @ iyj`sty ardi oj ` ioffohunt djvorejmdjt suppn`jtdi

tgd merd seftny jurturdi iyj`stods reuji àeut* Ygd s`md hej-

tr`st dxpnòjs tgd dhejemoh stròts te wgohg tgd Hoty ef Vodjj` g`s

addj rdiuhdi sojhd tgd I`juao`j Mej`rhgy"s iossenutoej* @str`jbdr. vosotojb Vodjj` `ftdr 0?07 wotgeut `jy ljewndibd ef

meidrj Rdstdrj gostery `ji wotjdssojb Vodjj`"s pnobgt te-i`y.

weuni ad `t ` ness te ujidrst`ji gew ` m`bjofohdjt hoty ef semd

twe monnoej seuns heuni dvdr g`vd hemd ojte dxostdjhd oj ` peerny

djiewdi heujtry ef semd sox monnoej seuns `nn teni* @htu`nny. ef

heursd. tgd prdsdjt sozd `ji m`bjofohdjhd ef Vodjj` `rd dxpnòjdi

ay tgd hoty"s ho-idv`jt st`tus `s tgd h`pot`n ef `j dmpord wotg fofty

monnoej ojgàot`jts `ji wotg àuji`jt j`tur`n rdseurhds. wgond tgd

neh`toej ef Vodjj` os dxpnòjdi ay tgd I`juao`j Dmpord"s eroboj*Ygd h`pot`n ef tgd G`psaurb Mej`rhgy w`s jdvdr mevdi frem tgd

0 @s ` m`ttdr ef stroht gosteroh`n `hhur`hy. tgd G`psaurb Iyj`sty w`s ardi oj tgd

h`stnd ef G`psaurb. oj tgd prdsdjt Xwoss H`jtej ef @`rbù. adferd ot h`md te rund evdr

@ustro`* Ygos. gewdvdr. ejny bovds ìiotoej`n peojt te eur prdsdjt `rbumdjt< fer. hem-

p`rdi wotg tgd @`rbù. dvdj @ustro` os ` n`ji ef pndjty*+ Fer tgd gum`j dxpn`j`toej. sdd OO* I 'v/. pp* 022-?3. adnew* Oj p`rtohun`r. sdd

p* 070. feetjetd O. wgdrd ` iostojhtoej os ir`wj adtwddj tgd 6tges ef tgd Yyrendsd

Gobgn`jidr. wgohg ejhd mìd @ustro` `j Ompdro`n Sewdr. `ji tgd dtges ef tgd Vodjjdsd

aeurbdeos. wgohg rdfndhts tgd idmer`nozojb ojfnudjhd ef `j dmpord upej tgd ojgàot`jts

ef ots h`pot`n hoty*




@ustro`j gemdn`ji ef tgd G`psaurb Iyj`sty ` n`ji wgohg w`s

tgd mest vdjdrànd aut nd`st v`nuàndkdwdn oj tgd G`psaurb Hrewj*

"Ygd An`hlHeujtry"

`ji "Ygd Gemd Heujtods"

Rgdj wd turj frem Hdjtr`n Durepd te Brd`t Arotòj. tgd `p-

p`rdjtn`wefherrdspejidjhdadtwddj tgd ioffohunty `ji tgd stomunus

ef ` pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt tgd n`w onnustr`tdi ay tgd bdebr`pgoh`n

sotu`toejs ef Vodjj` `ji Adrnoj sddms `t forst sobgt te ad put oj

qudstoej ay tgd bdebr`pgoh`n sotu`toej ef Nejiej* Rgond tgd

h`pot`nsef tgd ho-idv`jt G`psaurb `ji Gegdjzenndrj Dmpords nod

oj tgd nd`jdst iostrohts ef Hdjtr`n Durepd. tgd Yg`mds V`nndy. oj

wgohg Nejiej nods. os ejd ef tgd mest wdnn-f`veurdi iostrohts ef tgd

Tjotdi Lojbiem* Ygos supdrfoho`n `jem`ny ios`ppd`rs. gewdvdr.

`s seej `s wd neel iddpdr* Fer ejd tgojb. wd sg`nn foji tg`t.

`ntgeubg tgd se-h`nndi "gemd heujtods" hdrtòjny wdrd tgd hgeohdst

pertoej ef tgd Djbnosg pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt oj tgd `bd wgdj tgd

h`pot`n ef Djbn`ji h`md te ad dstànosgdi `t Nejiej. ot os `nse trud

tg`t Nejiej ioi jet woj gdr pesotoej wotgeut g`vojb te rdspeji

te `jy hg`nndjbd `t `nn* Oj tg`t vdry `bd. sgd rdspejidi vohteroeusny

te ` hg`nndjbd frem tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt wgohg wd sg`nn

dx`mojd furtgdr ej oj tgos S`rt* 0Ygos. gewdvdr. os ay tgd w`y*

Fer eur prdsdjt purpesd. ot os merd te tgd peojt te jetohd tg`t. oj

tgd meidrj seho`n bdebr`pgy ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiem. Nejiej g`s

jet rdmòjdi tgd h`pot`n ef tgd heujtry oj dvdry sdjsd*

Rgond Nejiej g`s rdtòjdi gdr st`tus oj tgd Lojbiem `s tgd

fehus ef penotohs `ji foj`jhd. tgd dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty

sgoftdi. iurojb tgd Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej. frem tgd seutg-d`st

tew`ris tgd jertg-wdst. ujton. ej tgd dvd ef tgd Bdjdr`n R`r ef

0?09-07. ot gì hemd te rdst ej tgd f`rtgdr soid ef ` nojd ir`wj

io`bej`nny `hress tgd osn`ji frem tgd dstu`ry ef tgd Xdvdrj tgreubg

Hevdjtry `ji Ndohdstdr te tgd dstu`ry ef tgd Gumadr* Of wd jewfox eur `ttdjtoej upej tgd rdboej jertg-wdst ef tgos nojd `ji pohl

eut tgd iostrohts wgohg sg`rdi adtwddj tgdm tgd ojiustro`n prom`hyoj "prd-w`r" Brd`t Arotòj. wd sg`nn sdd `t ejhd tg`t tgdy hejferm

te eur n`w hejspohueusny* Ygd moin`ji m`juf`hturojb hotods

Aormojbg`m `ji Hevdjtry. Ndohdstdr `ji Jertg`mptej wgohg

`nmest adstroid eur iovoiojb nojd `rd tgd ejny breup sotu`tdi oj

beei `rànd er br`zojb heujtry< `ji tgos os tgd dxhdptoej tg`t

prevds tgd rund* Oj d`hg ef tgd etgdr ojiustro`n iostrohts ef "prd-

w`r" Brd`t Arotòj. tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt os ejd wgohg. kuibdi

ay tgd `vdr`bd st`ji`ri ef tgd osn`ji. effdrs ujusu`nny ioffohunt

hejiotoejs te M`j* Ygos os trud `nold ef tgd v`nndys ef Xeutg R`nds<

ef Yyjdsoid `ji Yddssoid< `ji ef tgd jdhl ef Xhetn`ji wgdrd

0 Xdd OO* I 'v/. p* 0??. wotg tgd @jjdx. adnew*




Hnyidsoid jew g`raeurs. oj Bn`sbew. tgd sdheji n`rbdst hoty ef

Brd`t Arotòj `ftdr Nejiej gdrsdnf* Ygd mest strolojb onnustr`toej

ef `nn os tgd bob`jtoh ojiustro`nzejdwgohg dmar`hds tgd seutgdrjdji

ef tgd Sdjjojds oj tgd sg`pd ef ` m`bjdt wotg ots tops `t Srdstej `jiNddis `ji ots hurvd slortojb tgd uppdr heursd ef tgd Yrdjt ` zejd

wgohg ojhnuids tgd N`jh`sgord hettej-monns `ji tgd Xt`fferisgord

pettdrods `ji hennodrods `ji tgd muntopnd ojiustrods ef Jettojbg`m`ji tgd stddn-werls ef Xgdffodni `ji tgd ween-monns ef tgd Jertg

Qoiojb*

Ygd feraoiiojb hg`r`htdr ef tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt oj wgohg

tgos Sdjjojd ojiustro`n zejd os sdt w`s areubgt gemd te tgd wrotdr

ef tgos

Xtuiyejhd wgdj gd gì ehh`soej te tr`vdn

ayreì frem

tgd rur`n spet oj tgd d`st ef _erlsgord. oj wgohg gd os wrotojb tgdsd

nojds `t tgos memdjt. te ` pn`hd oj Xgrepsgord wotgoj sobgt ef tgd

Rrdloj* @ftdr tr`vdrsojb _erl ` hoty jet ndss rdmojoshdjt tg`j

H`jtdraury ef mdiodv`n Djbn`ji wd irevd ej seutg-wdstw`ris

`hress ` fdrtond pnòj stonn ojjehdjt ef etgdr preiuhts tg`j hreps `ji

h`ttnd. tonn wd rd`hgdi tgd frejtodr ef tgd ojiustro`n zejd `t ` vonn`bd

wgohg os hdndar`tdi fer ` ndbdji* Ygd ndbdji os tg`t. ` hdjtury `be.

` hdrtòj @jbnoh`j prdn`td wgesd ioehdsd dxtdjidi evdr tgd Rdst

Qoiojb usdi te `ppeojt tgd hgurhg ef tgos vonn`bd `s gos trystojb-

pn`hd wotg Rdst Qoiojb h`jioi`tds fer hejform`toej. adhùsd. gd

idhn`rdi. tgos w`s tgd f`rtgdst peojt wdst. tew`ris tgd jdw tdrr`

ojhebjot` ef ojiustro`n squ`ner. te wgohg `jy bdjtndm`j oj eridrs

er eut ef tgdm heuni ad dxpdhtdi te roid! @ji ojiddi. wgdj wd

p`ssdi tg`t prdn`td"s ndbdji`ry aeurjd jew tg`t tgd squ`ner adyeji

ot. ej wgohg gd gì rdfusdi dvdr te sdt dyds. gì gì ` gujirdi

yd`rs nejbdr te brew. tgd `dstgdtoh soid ef eur j`turd pretdstdi oj

symp`tgy wotg tgd prdn`td"s sh`ji`neus untom`tum te tgd nest seuns

oj gos ojiustro`n hurd* Adyeji tgos vonn`bd. tgd fdrtond newn`jis

h`md te `j dji `ji `t tgd s`md peojt tgd fdnns `ji tgd f`hterods

adb`j*

Oj tgdor eutw`ri `spdht.tgd "i`rl s`t`joh monns" sddmdi ` fottojb

m`thg fer tgd and`l brdy n`jish`pd <`ji `t tgd s`md tomd tgd teur

idferhd ef tgdsd mejstreus werls ef M`j. drdhtdi oj idfo`jhd ef

tgd wonidrjdss. gì `nn tgd mer`n ojhejbruoty ef `j àemoj`toej

ef idsen`toej st`jiojb oj tgd pn`hd wgdrd ot eubgt jet* Oj tgos

punnun`tojb. tgreaaojb. squ`noi nofd oj ` feraoiiojb n`jish`pd. tgdrd

w`s semdtgojb pertdjteusny ujj`tur`n <`ji tgd `hmd ef ujj`tur`n-

jdss w`s rd`hgdi wgdj wd pùsdi ej tgd summot ef tgd Sdjjojd

Q`jbd otsdnf ` g`ji"s-ardìtg ef fdnn-heujtry tg`t gì addj ndft

stonn ojvoen`td oj ots st`td ef J`turd `ji neeldi iewj. tgos w`y`ji tg`t. tew`ris Nddis kust adgoji us `ji M`jhgdstdr kust

`gdì* Rgdj. `t jobgtf`nn.wd feuji eursdnvds p`ssojb tgreubg




Xgrdwsaury suhg `jetgdr mdnnew hoty `s _erl oj suhg `jetgdr

pnd`s`jt heujtrysoid eur bnompsd ef tgd Rdst Qoiojb `ji Xeutg

N`jh`sgord `nrdìy adb`j te fìd ojte tgd ujrd`noty ef `j dvon ird`m*

_dt tgos ojiustro`n teur idferhd tg`t g`s addj `hhempnosgdi oj tgdSdjjojd [ejd os ef heursd jet kust ` goideus andmosg ej tgd n`ji-

sh`pd* Ygd pertdjt g`s `nse `j ompert wgohg tgd ndbdji`ry prdn`td

wge idpnerdi ots `ppd`r`jhd jdvdr iovojdi* Ygd Sdjjojd [ejd os

ojiddi ` m`bjdt. jet ejny oj ` f`jhofun bdebr`pgoh`n hejhdot. aut oj

seadr dhejemoh rd`noty* Ot os ` m`bjdt wgohg g`s ir`wj te otsdnf tgd

preiuhtovoty `ji tgd pepun`toej ef ` brd`t heujtry se petdjtny tg`t

ot g`s `htu`nny suhhddidi oj sgoftojb tg`t heujtry"s dhejemoh hdjtrd

efbr`voty sgoftojb

ot frem tgd fdrtond a`soj ef tgd Yg`mds te tgd

a`rrdj slorts ef tgd Sdjjojd fdnns* Ygd ujhempremosojb prdn`td

gomsdnf. of gd heuni rdturj te nofd te-i`y. weuni `nmest ad hej-

stròjdi ay huroesoty te roid ej ojte gos tdrr` ojhebjot` oj eridr te

dxpnerd tgd ubny wejidrn`ji ojte wgohg tgd ubny wonidrjdss g`s

addj tr`jsfermdi* @ji wg`t os tgd `bdjhy wgohg g`s preiuhdi

tgdsd `stejosgojb dffdhts 5 Rgdj wd neel ojte ot. wd foji eursdnvds.

gdrd `bòj. oj prdsdjhd ef ` jew f`mono`r seho`n pgdjemdjej ; tgd

strejbdr stomunus ef ` merd ioffohunt djvorejmdjt prdvònojb evdr

tgd wd`ldr stomunus ef `j djvorejmdjt oj wgohg tgd ioffohunty

os ndss*

Oj tgos psyhgeneboh`n `spdht. tgd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd rur`n

seutg-d`st `ji tgd ojiustro`n jertg-wdst ef meidrj Arotòj sojhd

tgd Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej rdpreiuhds tg`t hejtr`st adtwddj Aedeto`

`ji @ttoh`. oj `jhodjt Brddhd. wgohg struhl tgd om`boj`toej ef Gdn-

ndjoh easdrvdrs `ftdr tgd brd`t @tgdjo`j st`tdsmdj `ji dhejemosts

` Xenej `ji ` Sdosostr`tus `ji ` Hndostgdjds `ji ` Ygdmostehnds

gì iejd tgdor werl* Oj eur se-h`nndi Moiind @bds. tgd ojgào-

t`jts ef "tgd gemd heujtods" ef Djbn`ji. seutg-d`st ef eur nojd. gdni

dhejemoh `ssdts hemp`rànd te tgesd wgohg tgd Aedeto`js gdni oj

tgd forst `bd ef Gdnndjoh gostery* Ojiddi. tgdy jet ejny pessdssdi

tgd adst `rànd `ji p`sturd n`jis oj tgd Lojbiem. aut oj Xurrdy`ji Xussdx tgdy `nse gì hemm`ji ef d`sony werlànd orej erds.

wotg tgd weeis ef tgd Rd`ni te suppny fudn fer tgdor ferbds `ji wotg

wotg tgdsd rohg aut w`stojb `ssdts. tgd Xeutgdrjdrs. nold tgd Feenosg

Vorbojs oj tgd p`rànd. omprevoidjtny aurjt up tgdor fudn tonn ot w`s

`nn hejsumdi `w`y* Ygd orej rònojbs reuji Xt* Sùn"s `rd sòi te

ad tgd n`st suast`jto`n podhd ef werl tg`t w`s preiuhdi ay tgd

Xeutgdrj orej-m`stdrs* Ay tgd tomd wgdj tgdsd rònojbs wdrd

ferbdi. tgd Rd`ni w`s a`rd. `ji tgdrdupej tgd Xeutgdrj orej

ojiustry h`md te ` idì g`nt* Ygd st`bj`jt rddi-hgeldi g`mmdr-

pejis upej wgohg tgd n`ttdr-i`y "goldr" stumands oj tgd moiind ef




tgd Xurrdy gd`tgs `rd je merd te-i`y tg`j tgos idì ojiustry"sfujdr`n mejumdjt* 0

Md`jwgond. tgd mdiodv`n ojgàot`jts ef tgd

Rdnsg `ji Xhettosg `ji Jertgdrj Djbnosg "aì n`jis" gì addj

stomun`tdi ay tgd pevdrty ef tgdor djvorejmdjt te dxdrhosd tgdor

ojbdjuoty oj m`lojb tgd mest ef ot* Oj Xeutg R`nds `ji oj Iurg`m.tgdy preadi tgd sua-seon. oj tgd sporot ef tgd `jhodjt ojgàot`jts

ef @ttoh`. te sdd wgdtgdr J`turd mobgt prevd te ad ndss jobb`rinyadnew tg`j sgd w`s ej tgd surf`hd

<`ji tgdor ojquosotovdjdss w`s

rdw`ridi ay tgd ioshevdry ef ` jdw loji ef fudn* Oj tgd Sdjjojd

[ejd. tgdy teel te suppndmdjtojb tgd md`brd novdnogeei eatòjànd

frem fdnn-f`rms ay spojjojb `ji wd`vojb <`jitgdyturjdi tegum`j

prefot

fdnn-soids tg`t wdrd teestddp

`ji a`rrdj fer tgdpneubg ay

g`rjdssojb tgd w`tdr-pewdr ef tgd f`nnojb adhl* @ji se. ujidr tgd

hejst`jt prohl ef Jdhdssoty. tgdy dquoppdi tgdmsdnvds. ujwottojbny.fer dxhg`jbojb rends wotg tgdor Xeutgdrj jdobgaeurs `s seej `s

tgdor jdobgaeurs" omprevoidjhd b`vd tgdm tgdor eppertujoty* Rgdjtgd eon oj tgdsd Feenosg Vorbojs" n`mps b`vd eut. tgd Rosd Vorbojsef tgd Jertg wdrd rdìy te stdp ojte tgdor pn`hds `ji te `stejosg

tgd Rerni wotg tgd mobgty tgeubg sìny vunb`r onnumoj`toej

wgohg tgdy wdrd ànd te preiuhd* Oj tgd Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej. tgd

Jertgdrj he`n-fudn wotg ots ujgd`ri-ef petdjhy `ji tgd Jertgdrj

mdhg`joh`n prehdssds wotg tgdor ujgd`ri-ef preiuhtovoty rdpn`hdi`ji dhnopsdi tgd hemmejpn`hd weei-fudn `ji tgd trìotoej`n g`ji-

werl ef tgd Xeutg*1 Ygd meidrj ojiustro`n Arotòj wgohg `resd.

nold ` kojj ef tgd idsdrt. eut ef tgd "aì n`jis" adyeji tgd Xdvdrj-

Gumadr nojd. surp`ssdi tgd mdiodv`n `br`ro`j Arotòj ef "tgd gemd

heujtods" `s Xenemej tgd lojb ef tgd gonn-heujtry ef Dpgròm `ji

Kui`g surp`ssdi oj `nn gos bnery tgd e`sos-quddj ef Xgda`* 8

+ Fer tgd gostery ef tgd Xeutgdrj orej ojiustry. sdd Xtr`ldr. D* ; Rd`nidj Orej 'Nejiej0?80. Adnn/*

z Ot os `musojb te jetohd tg`t tgd id`rtg ef weei. wgohg stomun`tdi tgd `jhodjt

Brddls ojte hrd`tojb tgd adùtods ef Gdnndjoh `rhgotdhturd. `ji tgd `jhodjt Xumdro`jsojte ojvdjtojb tgd `rhg `ji tgd vùnt 'sdd feetjetd 1 ej p* 90. àevd/. g`s stomun`tdi tgd

meidrj Arotosg ojte aurjojb he`n*8 Ygd sgoftojb ef tgd dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty ef Brd`t Arotòj `t tgd tomd ef tgd

Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej os semdtomds `ttroautdi oj n`rbd md`surd te tgd hg`jbd oj tgd fnew

ef ojtdrj`toej`n trìd wgohg fennewdi tgd ioshevdry ef tgd Jdw Rerni* Xojhd tgd

Rdstdrj dxpnerdrs wge mìd tgos ioshevdry wdrd jet j`tovds ef tgd Arotosg Osnds. tgd

dffdht ef tgdor ioshevdry upej tgd dhejemoh nofd ef Brd`t Arotòj must ad rdb`ridi. fremtgd Arotosg st`jipeojt. `s tgd `hhoidjt`n dffdht ef `j dxtr`jdeus hùsd* Xe f`r. tgdrdferd.

`s tgos dxtr`jdeus hùsd hejtjautdi te tgd sgoft oj tgd dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty ef

Arotòj. ot tdnns `bòjst eur dxpn`j`toej ef tgd sgoft `s `j ojhoidjt oj tgd ojtdrj`n gostery

ef Arotòj `ji `s ` hejsdqudjhd ef tgd ioffdrdjt rdn`toejs adtwddj M`j `ji gos pgysoh`n

djvorejmdjt wgohgrdspdhtovdny eatòjdi. iurojb tgd Moiind @bds. oj tgd Xeutg `ji oj

tgd perts ej tgd wdst he`st `ji ef tgdor dhejemoh gojtdrn`jis. `ji te tgd prdkuiohd ef tgd

perts ej tgd d`st he`st* Ygos iovoiojb nojd adtwddj tgd d`stdrj `ji tgd wdstdrj f`hds ef

Brd`t Arotòj ay je md`js heojhoids. gewdvdr. wotg tgd nojd. rujjojb io`bej`nny `hress

tgd heujtry frem Xdvdrj te Gumadr. wgohg h`mddvdjtu`nny

semd twe er tgrdd

hdjtomds `ftdr tgd ioshevdry ef @mdroh` gì t`ldj pn`hd te iovoid tgd `br`ro`j sdhtoej




Oj tgd prdsdjt "pest-w`r" `bd. tgos bnery os pdrg`ps idp`rtojb*

Xojhd àeut tgd yd`r 0?13 tgdrd g`vd addj ojioh`toejs tg`t tgd

dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty ef Brd`t Arotòj os tdjiojb te sgoft a`hl

`bòj. seutg-d`stw`ri.tew`ris ots mdiodv`n nehus.

K

`ji somunt`jdeusojioh`toejs tg`t tgd dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty ef tgd Rerni os

sgoftojb `w`y frem tgd Arotosg Osnds. `ji ojiddi frem Durepd.

`ntebdtgdr. `ji os p`ssojb evdr te Jertg @mdroh`* Ot m`y ad tg`t.

of tgdsd symptems adhemd merd sg`rpny prejeujhdi. tgd ho-idv`jt

ojiustro`n fehus ef Arotòj. m`reejdi `mejb tgd a`rrdj Sdjjojd

fdnns. wonn hemd te prdsdjt `s mdn`jhgeny ` spdht`hnd `s tgd ho-

idv`jt penotoh`n h`pot`n ef tgd I`juao`j Mej`rhgy. omprosejdi

wotgoj tgd frejtodrs ef tgd nottnd

@npojd Qdpuanohef @ustro`* Ygd

ir`m` ef Ojiustro`n Arotòj. wgohg epdjdi oj ` ausy squ`ner `ji

hunmoj`tdi oj ` brom m`bjofohdjhd. m`y ad tr`jsfoburdi oj ots tgori

`ht ojte `j ùstdrd tr`bdiy wotg ` hrudn dji*1

Ygd dhejemoh hejtr`st adtwddj tgd twe sdhtoejs ojte wgohg

Brd`t Arotòj os iovoidi ay tgd Xdvdrj-Gumadr nojd os jet tgd ejny

onnustr`toej ef eur tgdmd wgohg tgd osn`ji prevoids* Xtonn merd

f`mono`r os tgd huntur`n hejtr`st adtwddj Djbn`ji `ji Xhetn`ji.

wgohg g`s survovdi tgd ujoej ef tgd twe lojbiems `ji wgohg stonn

ndjis rd`noty te ` Aeridr wgohg g`s nest ots penotoh`n `ji g`s jdvdr

pessdssdi `jy dhejemoh sobjofoh`jhd* Ygd jeteroeus ioffdrdjhd ef

tdmpdr`mdjt `ji gàotadtwddj tgd ndbdji`ry Xhethgm`j sendmj.

p`rsomejoeus. prdhosd. pdrsostdjt. hùtoeus. hejshodjtoeus. `ji

tgereubgny wdnn diuh`tdi `ji tgd ndbdji`ry Djbnosgm`j frove-

neus. dxtr`v`b`jt. v`bud. sp`smeioh. h`rdndss. frdd-`ji-d`sy. `ji

onn-breujidi oj aeel-nd`rjojb fennews tgd s`md nojds. `ji herrd-

ef Brd`t Arotòj frem tgd ojiustro`n* Fer ojst`jhd. tgd ioshevdry ef @mdroh`. `s w`s te ad

dxpdhtdi. areubgt prespdroty oj tgd soxtddjtg hdjtury te tgd sd`mdj ef Idvejsgord `jite tgd mdrhg`jts ef Arosten; tgd wdstdrj m`rotomd iostrohts wgohg wdrd nd`st iost`jt frem"tgd gemd heujtods" `ji frem Nejiej* _dt ot g`s stonn te ad dxpnòjdi wgy Arosten `ftdr-@-

w`ris nest tgd prom`hy oj tgd @mdroh`j trìd te Novdrpeen `ji Bn`sbew; wdst-he`st

perts wgohg wdrd bdebr`pgoh`nny g`jioh`ppdi. oj hempdtotoej wotg Arosten. ay adojb

sdp`r`tdi frem tgd epdj @tn`jtoh ay ` nejbdr strdthg ef j`rrew i`jbdreus w`tdrs* Ot g`s

`nse te ad dxpnòjdi wgy. oj tgd Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej. tgd jdw nofd sgewdi otsdnf jet ejnyoj tgd N`jh`sgord `ji N`j`rlsgord gojtdrn`jis ef Mdrsdysoid `ji Hnyidsoid aut dqu`nnyoj Yyjdsoid `ji Yddssoid `ji oj tgd Rdst Qoiojb ef _erlsgord. wgohg w`s sdrvdi ay tgd

pert ef Gunn* Jdwh`stnd `ji Moiindsareubg `jiGunn. nold tgd dxtojht gd`rtgs efmdiodv`n

Djbnosg trìd `ji ojiustry oj D`st @jbg`. `nn f`hd `w`y frem tgd @tn`jtoh `ji frem@mdroh`* Of tgd `hhdssoaonoty ef tgd @mdroh`j m`rldt `ji ef tgd @mdroh`j seurhd ef

suppny w`s rd`nny tgd idtdrmojojb f`hter oj tgd sgoft ef tgd dhejemoh hdjtrd ef br`voty ef

Brd`t Arotòj `t tgd tomd ef tgd Ojiustro`n Qdvenutoej. ot weuni ad ompessoand te dxpnòj

wgy `t tgos vdry tomd Arosten idh`ydi`ji Jdwh`stnd adb`j te fneurosg* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji.tgd pgdjemdj` `rd `nn dxpnohànd of ot os hejhdidi tg`t tgd bdebr`pgoh`n rdn`toej te @mdroh`w`s je merd tg`j ` sdheji`ry f`hter `ji tg`t tgd bevdrjojb f`hter oj tgd sgoft w`s tgd

ioffdrdjhd. dx`mojdi àevd. oj tgd idbrdd ef tgd rdspdhtovd stomuno wgohg wdrd ìmojos-tdrdi te gum`j `htovotods ay tgd twe sdhtoejs ef tgd osn`ji. `s idm`rh`tdi ay eur io`bej`niovoiojb nojd*

0 Ygdsd symptems `rd ioshussdi. oj `jetgdr hejjdxoej. oj OOO* H 'o/ 'i/. ven* ooo. p* 132.adnew*

` Ygdsd nojds wdrd wrottdj ` fdw wddls adferd tgd 1ost Xdptdmadr. 0?80. wgohg. `t

tgd tomd ef rdvosoej. sddmdi noldny te ad ` memdjteus i`td oj Djbnosg dhejemoh `jifoj`jho`n gostery*




spdjis te tgd s`md hejtr`st oj tgd neh`n pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt. `s

tgd somon`r ioffdrdjhd. wgohg g`s noldwosd addj dnàer`tdi `ji

h`roh`turdi ej aetg soids. adtwddj tgd ndbdji`ry Srusso`j `ji tgd

ndbdji`ryA`v`ro`j*

+

Ygd Xtrubbnd fer Jertg @mdroh`

Ygd hn`ssoh onnustr`toej ef eur prdsdjt tgdmd oj eur Rdstdrj

gostery os tgd euthemd ef tgd hempdtotoej adtwddj g`nf ` iezdj

ioffdrdjt breups ef Rdstdrj henejosts fer tgd m`stdry ef Jertg

@mdroh`* Ygd vohters oj tgos hejtdst wdrd tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs<`ji `t `j d`rnodr peojt oj tgos hg`ptdr. `prepes ef tgd rdvdrsoej ef

Yewj Gonn. Hejjdhtohut. te ots prostojd st`td ef J`turd. wd g`vd

t`ldj jetd ef tgd ujusu`n ioffohunty ef tgd neh`n @mdroh`j djvorej-

mdjt wgohg forst fdnn te tgd net ef tgd untom`td m`stdrs ef tgd wgend

hejtojdjt* Ndt us jew hemp`rd tgos Jdw Djbn`ji djvorejmdjt. ef

wgohg tgd sotd ef Yewj Gonn os ` spdhomdj. wotg tgd d`rnodst

@mdroh`j djvorejmdjts ef tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs" ujsuhhdssfun

hempdtoters ; tgd Iuthg. tgd Frdjhg. tgd Xp`jo`ris. `ji tgd Jdw

Djbn`jidrs" ewj lojsmdj `ji jdobgaeurs frem Djbn`ji wgedstànosgdi tgdmsdnvds `nejb tgd seutgdrj sdhtoej ef tgd @tn`jtoh

sdàe`ri*Oj tgd moiind ef tgd sdvdjtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`.

wgdj `nn tgdsd sdttndrs gì `nrdìy feuji tgdor forst feetojb ej tgd

frojbds ef tgd Jertg @mdroh`j mòjn`ji. ot weuni g`vd addj quotd

d`sy te prdioht tgd hemojb hejfnoht adtwddj tgdm fer tgd pessdssoej

ef tgd ojtdroer< aut tgd mest `hutd `ji f`r-sobgtdi easdrvdr tgdj

`novd weuni g`riny g`vd addj noldny te got tgd m`rl of gd gì addj

`sldi. `t tgd tomd. te idsobj`td tgd untom`td vohter* Gd mobgt hej-

hdovànyg`vd gì tgd `humdj te rund eut tgd

Xp`jo`risoj

spotd

ef

tgdor twe eavoeus `ssdts ; tgdor ewjdrsgop. oj Mdxohe. ef tgd ejny

rdboej oj er ìkeojojb Jertg @mdroh` wgohg gì addj areldj-oj

`ji idvdnepdi dhejemoh`nny. adferd tgd Durepd`j henejosts" `rrov`n.

ay `j ojiobdjeus hovonoz`toej< `ji tgd prom`hy ef Xpòj. oj eur

gypetgdtoh`n easdrvdr"s ewj i`y. `mejb tgd Brd`t Sewdrs ef tgd

Rdstdrj Rerni* Eur easdrvdr mobgt g`vd iosheujtdi tgd gobg

idvdnepmdjt ef Mdxohe oj vodw ef ots eutnyojb pesotoej hut eff.

`s ot w`s. frem tgd mòj aeiy ef Jertg @mdroh` ay ` areì adnt ef

ojgespotànd pn`tdù `ji idsdrt< `ji g`vd iosheujtdi tgd penotoh`n

strdjbtg ef Xpòj ay rdìojb tgd penotoh`n sobjs ef tgd tomds `s tgdy

wdrd wrottdj adtwddj tgd nojds ef tgd Yrd`ty ef Rdstpg`no`*

"Ygd Xp`josg Dmpord". gd mobgt g`vd prejeujhdi. "os `nrdìy `

h`rh`ss reuji wgohg tgd vunturds `rd b`tgdrojb* Fr`jhd wonn

suhhddi te tgd monot`ry gdbdmejy ef Xpòj oj Durepd. Genn`ji `ji

Djbn`ji wonn suhhddi te gdr j`v`n `ji hemmdrho`n suprdm`hy ej

j F




tgd sd`s* Ygd hempdtotoej fer Jertg @mdroh` nods jew adtwddj

tgdsd tgrdd heujtrods* Ndt us dstom`td tgdor rdspdhtovd hg`jhds oj

tgd ieuand nobgt ef tgdor bdjdr`n pesotoejs oj tgd Rerni `ji ef tgdor

neh`ngeniojbs oj @mdroh`* Ej ` sgert vodw. Genn`ji"s hg`jhds mobgt`ppd`r te ad tgd mest premosojb* Xgd os mostrdss ef tgd sd`s 'Djb-

n`ji adojb je m`thg fer gdr ej tgos dndmdjt. `ji Fr`jhd jet

sdroeusny hempdtojb/ <`ji oj @mdroh` sgd genis ` spndjioi w`tdr-

b`td epdjojb ojte tgd ojtdroer; tgd v`nndy ef tgd Guisej* Ej `

nejbdr vodw. gewdvdr. Fr`jhd sddms merd noldny te ad tgd wojjdr<

fer tgd Frdjhg Xt* N`wrdjhd effdrs stonn adttdr md`js ef `hhdss te

tgd ojtdroer ef Jertg @mdroh` tg`j tgd Iuthg Guisej. wgond ot os

oj tgd

pewdreftgd Frdjhg te ommeaonozd `ji dxgùst tgd Iuthg

ayarojbojb te ad`r `bòjst tgdmtgd evdrwgdnmojb monot`ry supdroeroty

ef Fr`jhd ej tgd Hejtojdjt ef Durepd* @nn tgd s`md. `s adtwddj

Frdjhg `ji Iuthg prespdhts. O gdsot`td" 'wd gd`r gom s`yojb/ "te

idhoid* Ygd ejd prepgdhy tg`t O m`ld wotg hejfoidjhd os tg`t tgd

Djbnosg `rd jet oj tgd rujjojb* Sessoany tgd merd seutgdrny ef tgd

Djbnosg henejods. wotg tgdor rdn`tovdny bdjo`n seon `ji hnom`td. wonn

m`j`bd te survovd tgeubg `t adst tgdy wonn foji tgdmsdnvds

gdmmdi oj adtwddj tgd Iuthg `nejb tgd Guisej oj tgd jertg `ji

tgd Xp`jo`ris oj Fneroi` ej tgd seutg `ji tgd Iuthg er tgd Frdjhg.

wgohgdvdr ot m`y ad tg`t huts eff tgdor gojtdrn`ji ej tgd wdst ay

sdhurojb tgd hejtren ef tgd Mossossoppo* Ejd tgojb. gewdvdr. os

hdrtòj* Ygd nottnd breup ef sdttndmdjts oj tgd and`l `ji a`rrdj

heujtry wgohg tgd henejosts g`vd hgrostdjdi Jdw Djbn`ji os

aeuji te ios`ppd`r* Ygdy `rd hut eff frem tgd etgdr Djbnosg

sdttndmdjts ay tgd Iuthg oj tgd Guisej V`nndy. wgond tgd Frdjhg

oj tgd Xt* N`wrdjhd V`nndy prdss tgdm hnesd ej tgd eppesotd fn`jl*

Ygd idstojods ef tgdsd Jdw Djbn`jidrs. `t `jy r`td. `rd jet oj

ieuat!"

Ndt us jew suppesd tg`t eur gypetgdtoh`n easdrvdr novds te sdd

tgd turj ef tgd hdjtury* Ay tgd yd`r 0230 gd wonn ad hejbr`tun`tojb

gomsdnf ej gos ioshdrjmdjt. fofty yd`rs d`rnodr. oj r`tojb Frdjhg

prespdhts gobgdr tg`j Iuthg< fer oj tgd heursd ef tgdsd n`st fofty

yd`rs tgd Xt* N`wrdjhd g`s v`jquosgdi tgd Guisej* Ygd Frdjhg

dxpnerdrs g`vd pusgdi up tgd Xt* N`wrdjhd ej te tgd Brd`t N`lds.

`ji evdr tgd pert`bd ojte tgd A`soj ef tgd Mossossoppo. `ji iewjtgdsd Rdstdrj R`tdrs te tgd idnt` ef tgd brd`t rovdr. wgdrd tgdy g`vd

dstànosgdi tgd jdw Frdjhg henejy ef Neuoso`j` te m`thg tgd enidr

Frdjhg henejy ef H`jì` `t tgd etgdr dji ef tgd tr`js-hejtojdjt`n

w`tdrw`y* @s fer tgd Iuthg. eur easdrvdr must ìmot tg`t gd gì

r`tdi tgdor prespdhts muhg tee gobg* Ygdy mobgt g`vd mìdtgdmsdnvds m`stdrs ef tgd Brd`t N`lds adferd tgd Frdjhg `rrovdi

tgdrd* Ojiddi. fer tgd ehd`j-beojb vdssdns ef tgd hdjtury. tgd gdì




ef j`vob`toej w`s r`tgdr ndss iost`jt up tgd Guisej tg`j ot w`s

up tgd Xt* N`wrdjhd frem tgd sgerds ef N`ld Ejt`roe* _dt. f`r

frem tg`t. tgd Iuthg g`vd t`mdny `nnewdi tgd Guisej V`nndy otsdnf

te ad t`ldj frem tgdm ay tgdor wd`ldr m`rotomd rov`ns tgd Djbnosg*Rdnn. tgd Iuthg `rd eut ef tgd rujjojb jew oj Jertg @mdroh`. `ji

tgd Frdjhg `ji tgd Djbnosg `rd ndft tgdrd tdtd ` tXtd<aut tgd Djbnosg

h`j g`riny ad rdb`ridi `s sdroeus hempdtoters* Ygd dvdjts ef tgd

n`st g`nf-hdjtury `ssurdiny ie jet h`nn fer `jy rdvosoej ef ferdh`sts

ej tgos gdì jetwotgst`jiojb tgd ujneeldi-fer suhhdss wgohg tgd

Djbnosg g`vd bòjdi oj tgd Guisej V`nndy* Hdrtòjny tgd Jdw

Djbn`jidrs `rd m`lojb tgd mest ef tgos wojif`nn* @nrdìy tgdy `rd

henejozojbtgd

a`hl-heujtryef tgd Iuthg

prevojhd`ji `rd

nojlojbJdw Djbn`ji up wotg tgd rdst ef tgd Djbnosg sdttndmdjts ej tgd

@tn`jtoh he`st* Sessoany tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs g`vd addj s`vdi

frem dxtojhtoej aut tgos ejny te sg`rd tgd meidst prespdhts ef

tgdor seutgdrj lojsfenl* Fer tgd Djbnosg fd`t ef hejqudrojb tgd

Guisej V`nndy frem tgd f`hond Iuthg g`s addj uttdrny surp`ssdi

ay tgd somunt`jdeus Frdjhg fd`t ef hejqudrojb frem tgd fermoiànd

vorboj wonidrjdss tgd wgend dxtdjt ef tgd m`bjofohdjt ojn`ji w`tdr-

w`y adtwddj Pudadh `ji Jdw Ernd`js* Rgond tgd Djbnosg henejods

g`vd addj hejsenoi`tdi. tgd Frdjhg henejods g`vd dffdhtovdny

gdmmdi tgdm oj* Ygd futurd ef tgd Hejtojdjt os idhoidi! Ygd

vohters `rd tgd Frdjhg!

Xg`nn wd djiew eur easdrvdr wotg supdrgum`j ndjbtg ef nofd. oj

eridr tg`t gd m`y rdvodw tgd sotu`toej ejhd merd oj tgd yd`r 0738 5

Of wd ie prdsdrvd gom `novd tonn tgdj. gd wonn ad ferhdi te hejfdss

tg`t gos wots g`vd jet addj wertgy ef gos nejbdvoty* Ay tgd dji ef

0738. tgd Frdjhg fn`b g`s `htu`nny ios`ppd`rdi eff tgd penotoh`n m`pef Jertg @mdroh` `ntebdtgdr* Fer ferty yd`rs p`st. H`jì` g`s

addj ` pessdssoej ef tgd Arotosg Hrewj. wgond Neuoso`j`. `ftdr

adojb hdidi ay Fr`jhd te Xpòj `ji rdtrehdidi `bòj. g`s kust addj

seni ej tgd setg Idhdmadr. 0738. ay J`pendej te tgd Tjotdi

Xt`tds tgd jdw Brd`t Sewdr wgohg g`s dmdrbdi eut ef tgd tgor-

tddj Djbnosg henejods ay ` mest dxtrèrioj`ry mdt`merpgesos*

"Ygd Tjotdi Xt`tds ef @mdroh`!" Rge weuni g`vd prepgdsodi

ot5 _dt tgd `maotoeus totnd os kustofodi ay tgd `hhempnosgdi f`hts*

Oj tgos yd`r 0738. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds g`vd tgd hejtojdjt oj tgdor

pehldts. `ji tgd shepd fer prepgdhy os rdiuhdi* Ot ejny rdmòjs te

ferdh`st wgohg sdhtoej ef tgdsd Tjotdi Xt`tds os beojb te pehldt tgd

n`rbdr sg`rd ef tgos v`st dst`td tgd ardìtg ef ` hejtojdjt tg`t

g`s hemd ojte tgdor keojt pessdssoej*@ji surdny tgos tomd tgdrd

h`j ad je most`ld 5 Ygd Xeutgdrj Xt`tds `rd tgd m`jofdst m`stdrs

ef tgd Tjoej `ji rdsoiu`ry ndb`tdds oj Jertg @mdroh` ef Brd`t

Arotòj `ji Fr`jhd* Neel gew tgd Xeutgdrjdrs `rd ndìojb oj tgos




foj`n reuji ef tgd hempdtotoej oj tgos ojtdr-@mdroh`j r`hd fer tgd

Rojjojb ef tgd Rdst* Ot os tgd a`hlweeismdj ef Vorbojo` wge

g`vd feujidi Ldjtuhly tgd forst jdw st`td te ad dstànosgdi wdst

ef tgesd meujtòjs wgohg g`vd se nejb hejspordi wotg tgd Frdjhgte lddp tgd Djbnosg-spd`lojb sdttndrs ej tgd @tn`jtoh he`st frem

pdjdtr`tojb ojte tgd ojtdroer* @ji t`ld jetd ef tgd ldy-pesotoej

wgohg Ldjtuhly ehhupods. dxtdjiojb robgt iewj tgd ndft a`jl ef

tgd Egoe te tgd hejfnudjhd ef tgd Mossossoppo"s projhop`n troaut`ry

wotg tgd Mossossoppo gomsdnf* Ygd Rdst os oj tgd Xeutgdrjdrs"

br`sp. `ji m`rl gew `nn tgojbs werl tebdtgdr fer tgdor beei* Ygd

st`tdsm`jsgop ef `j Djbnosg Hg`tg`m `ji ` Sdjjsynv`jo`j Fr`jlnoj

`ji ` Hersoh`jAuej`p`rtd

g`s djiewditgdm wotg `j ommd`surànd

suppny ef n`ji< `ji. `s f`st `s tgdy h`j put tgos jdw n`ji ujidr

tgd ged. tgd jdw-f`jbndi monns ef iost`jt N`jh`sgord `rd effdrojb

tgdm `j dvdr-dxp`jiojb m`rldt fer tgd hettej-hrep wgohg tgd seon

`ji hnom`td ef tgd Xeutg djànd tgdm te ròsd* Ygd Jdbre pre-

voids tgd nàeur `ji tgd Mossossoppo tgd md`js ef tr`jspertojb tgd

preiuhd te tgd qu`ys ef Jdw Ernd`js. wgdrd tgd sgops frem Novdr-

peen `rd wòtojb te ad`r ot `w`y* Dvdj tgd Jdw Djbn`jidr os `

usdfun ùxono`ry. `s tgd Xeutgdrjdr supdrhonoeusny peojts eut*

+Eur _`jldd heusoj". tgd Xeutgdrjdr easdrvds oj 0732. "g`s kust

ojvdjtdi ` std`m-ae`t wgohg wonn j`vob`td eur Mossossoppo up-strd`m

<`ji gd g`s mìd ` pr`htoh`n suhhdss ef ` m`hgojd fer h`riojb

`ji hnd`jojb eur hettej-aenns* Ygesd ujnevànd. ujfertuj`td

fdnnew-hotozdjs ef eurs oj tg`t eut-ef-tgd-w`y herjdr. iewj d`st!

Ygdor _`jldd jetoejs `rd merd prefotànd te us tg`j tgdy `rd te

tgd ojbdjoeus ojvdjters! Fer wg`t `rd Jdw Djbn`ji"s prespdhts5

Gdr prespdhts `rd je adttdr oj tgos yd`r 0732 tg`j tgdy wdrd `

hdjtury sojhd* Ye-i`y. wgdj tgd woid Rdst g`s addj tgrewj epdjte Xeutgdrj djtdrprosd `t n`st. ot stonn rdmòjs hnesdi te tgd Jdw

Djbn`jidr* Jdw Djbn`ji os stonn a`rrdi oj ej tgd n`jiw`ri soid aytgd a`rrodr ef H`jì`. wgohg g`s jet hd`sdi te ad ` ferdobj heujtryoj p`ssojb frem tgd Frdjhg te tgd Arotosg Hrewj* Xe tgdrd eur

peer rdn`toej stonn sots oj gos eut-ef-tgd-w`y herjdr. heepdi up ej

tgd aì n`jis ef Yewj Gonn< `ji tgdrd. prdsumàny. gd wonn beej sottojb tonn Ieemsi`y! Xdidt. `dtdrjumqud sdidaot!

"+

Of eur ujnuhly prepgdt t`lds Xeutgdrj prespdhts ej tgd merrewef tgd Neuoso`j` Surhg`sd `t tgd Xeutgdrjdr"s ewj v`nu`toej. gd

must ojiddi ad oj gos iet`bd <fer oj tgd n`st reuji ef tgd twe-

hdjturods-nejb hejtdst fer tgd m`stdry ef tgd Jertg @mdroh`j

Hejtojdjt. tgd Xeutgdrjdr os idstojdi te mddt ` swoftdr `ji merd

hrusgojb idfd`t tg`j tgesd tg`t g`vd addj mdt gdrdteferd ay tgd

Xp`jo`ri `ji tgd Iuthgm`j `ji tgd Frdjhgm`j* Ye wotjdss gos

+Vorbon; @djdti. Aeel VO. 0* 602*




ioshemfoturd. wd sg`nn jet g`vd te wòt `s nejb `s ` hdjtury* Rdsg`nn sdd tgd rdn`tovd pesotoejs ef Xeutg `ji Jertg rdvdrsdi oj ndss

tg`j ` nofdtomd*

Oj tgd yd`r 0764. tgd sotu`toej os `nrdìy tr`jsfermdi. eut ef `nn

rdhebjotoej. frem wg`t ot w`s oj 0732* Oj tgd Rojjojb eftgd Rdst.tgd Xeutgdrj poejddr gì addj eutstroppdi `ji eutfn`jldi ay gos

Jertgdrj rov`n* @ftdr `nmest wojjojb gos w`y te tgd Brd`t N`lds

tgreubg Ojio`j` `ji `ftdr bdttojb tgd adst ef tgd a`rbòj oj

Mosseuro. tgd Xeutgdrjdr g`s addj idhosovdny idfd`tdi oj L`js`s.`ji gd g`s jdvdr rd`hgdi tgd S`hofoh* Ygd idshdji`jts ef tgd mdjwge m`stdrdi tgd ioffohuntods ef Yewj Gonn. Hejjdhtohut. g`vd jewadhemd m`stdrs ef tgd S`hofoh he`st

`nejbtgd wgend frejt frem

Xd`ttnd te Nes @jbdnds* Jer g`s tgd Xeutgdrjdr"s hemm`ji ef tgd

Mossossoppo muhg `vòndi gom* Gd gì heujtdi ej tgd jdtwerl ef

tgd Rdstdrj R`tdrs te ir`w tgd wgend ef tgd Rdst ojte ` Xeutgdrj

systdm ef dhejemoh `jipenotoh`n rdn`toejs< `ji wgdj tgd _`jldd

prdsdjtdi gom wotg std`m-ae`ts te pny ej tgd Rdstdrj R`tdrs. gd

om`bojdi tg`t tgd _`jldd gì idnovdrdi tgd Rdst ojte gos g`jis*

Aut"

_`jldd jetoejs" g`vd jet hd`sdi* Ygd ojvdjter ef tgd std`mdr

g`s bejd ej te ojvdjt tgd nehemetovd< `ji tgd nehemetovd g`s

t`ldj `w`y merd frem tgd Xeutgdrjdr tg`j tgd std`mdr dvdr b`vd

gom<fer tgd petdjto`n fujhtoej ef tgd Guisej V`nndy oj tgd gum`j

bdebr`pgy ef Jertg @mdroh` `s tgd mòj b`tdw`y frem tgd @tn`jtoh

te tgd Rdst ` petdjto`noty wgohg tgd Iuthg gì fòndi te turj te

`hheujt oj hempdtotoej wotg tgd Frdjhg g`s addj `htu`nozdi `t

n`st oj tgd rònw`y `bd* Ygd rònw`y-tr`ffoh wgohg jew p`ssds uptgd v`nndy ef tgd Guisej `ji tgd v`nndy ef tgd Meg`wl `ji tgdj

`nejb tgd n`ld-soid te nojl Jdw _erl wotg Hgoh`be g`s supdrsdidi

tgd rovdr-tr`ffoh ej tgd Mossossoppo adtwddj Jdw Ernd`js `ji Xt*

Neuos* Ygdrdwotg. tgd ojtdrj`n nojds ef hemmujoh`toej ef tgd

Jertg @mdroh`j Hejtojdjt g`vd addj turjdi `t robgt `jbnds frem

seutg `ji jertg te d`st `ji wdst<`ji tgd Jertg-Rdst g`s addj

idt`hgdi frem tgd Xeutg. te ad wdnidi ej te tgd Jertg-D`st oj

ojtdrdst `ji oj sdjtomdjt* Ojiddi. tgd D`stdrjdr. wge ejhd mìd

tgd Xeutg-Rdst ` prdsdjt ef tgd rovdr-std`mdr. g`s jew wej tgd

gd`rt ef tgd Jertg-Rdst wotg ` ieuand boft; gd g`s hemd te tgd

Jertg-Rdstdrj f`rmdr wotg tgd nehemetovd oj ejd g`ji `ji wotgtgd rd`pdr-`ji-aojidr oj tgd etgdr. `ji se g`s prevoidi gom wotg

senutoejs fer aetg tgd preandms wotg wgohg tgd Rdst os hejfrejtdi*

Oj eridr te idvdnep ots petdjto`n dhejemoh h`p`hotods.tgd wgend

Rdst g`s jddi ef twe tgojbs ; tr`jspert `ji nàeur <aut tgd Xeutg-

wdstdrj pn`jtdr adnodvojbtg`t gos nàeur-preandmg`s addj senvdi

fer dvdr ay tgd ojstotutoej ef jdbre sn`vdry g`s seubgt ` senutoej

fer gos tr`jspert-preandm. `ji fer tgos ejny. frem tgd _`jldd"s




"mdhg`joh`n ojbdjuoty* Ygd Jertg-Rdstdrj f`rmdr os oj ` ioffdrdjt

h`sd* Gd iospesds ef je sdrvond m`j-pewdr. `ji gos frdd-nàeur

ferhd os rdhruotdi ay tgd h`su`n prehdss ef ommobr`toej frem Durepd

`nn tee snewny te tonn gos f`st-dxp`jiojb fodnis* Xe gdfojis

tgd

`brohuntur`n m`hgojdry wgohg os turjdi eut ay tgd D`stdrj f`hterods

`s brd`t ` beisdji `s tgd D`stdrj rònw`ys* Ay tgdsd twe "_`jldd

jetoejs". tebdtgdr. tgd `nndbo`jhd ef tgd Jertg-Rdst g`s addj

idhoidi<`ji tgus tgd Hovon R`r g`s addj nest ay tgd Xeutg adferd

ot g`s addj feubgt* Oj t`lojb up `rms oj tgd gepd ef rdirdssojb

gdr dhejemoh rdvdrsds ay ` monot`ry heujtdrstreld. tgd Xeutg g`s

mdrdny prdhopot`tdi `ji hejsumm`tdi ` iiaihnd tg`t w`s `nrdìy

ojdvotànd*

Ygos untom`td vohtery ef tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs. oj ` hempdtotoej

fer tgd m`stdry ef Jertg @mdroh` oj wgohg tgdor Xp`josg. Iuthg.

Frdjhg. `ji Xeutgdrj hempdtoters wdrd suhhdssovdny ioshemfotdi. os

onnumoj`tojb fer tgd stuiy ef tgd qudstoej wotg wgohg wd `rd hej-

hdrjdi `t tgd memdjt; tgd qudstoej ef tgd rdn`tovd stomun`tojb

dffdhts ef ioffdrdjt idbrdds ef ioffohunty oj tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt

efgum`j nofd* Fer. ujusu`nny ioffohunt tgeubg tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs"

djvorejmdjt w`s. ot os m`jofdst tg`t tgd rov`n henejosts" djvorej-

mdjts wdrd jejd ef tgdm d`sy* Ye adboj wotg. `nn `nold gì ujidr-

bejd tgd ojoto`n erid`n ef pnuhlojb up tgdor seho`n reets oj Durepd`ji hressojb tgd @tn`jtoh `ji strolojb frdsg reets oj tgd seon ef `

Jdw Rerni<0

`ji. wgdj tgdy gì suhhddidi oj rd-dstànosgojb

tgdmsdnvds. ot w`s jet ejny tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs wge feuji

pdrm`jdjt ioffohuntods te hejtdji wotg oj tgdor jdw @mdroh`j

gemd* Ygd Frdjhg sdttndrs oj H`jì` gì te hejtdji wotg `j

`nmest `rhtoh heni< `ji tgd Frdjhg sdttndrs oj Neuoso`j` gì te

ard`l oj ` brd`t rovdr* Ygd Mossossoppo w`s `s w`yw`ri oj hg`jbojbgos heursd. `ji `s idv`st`tojb oj gos ojuji`toejs. `s tgd _dnnew

Qovdr er tgd Jond er tgd Yobros< `ji tgd ndvods wotg wgohg tgd

Hrdends pretdhtdi tgdor g`ri-wej fodnis `ji vonn`bds hest je ndss

gum`j dffert te auoni `ji mòjtòj tg`j tgd d`rtgdj aunw`rls ef

tgd Dbypto`h `ji tgd Xumdroh `ji tgd Xojoh Hovonoz`toej* Oj f`ht.

tgd ioffohuntods prdsdjtdi ay tgd pgysoh`n djvorejmdjt oj H`jì`

`ji oj Neuoso`j` wdrd ejny ndss fermoiànd tg`j tgesd wgohg tgd

Jdw Djbn`jidrs djheujtdrdi ej Yewj Gonn otsdnf* Ygus tgosJertg @mdroh`j onnustr`toej. `s f`r `s ot beds. tdnns oj f`veur ef tgd

prepesotoej tg`t tgd ioffohunty `ji tgd stomunus ef `j djvorejmdjt

`rd `pt te ojhrd`sd p`rop`ssu* Ot wonn tdnn tgd s`md t`nd of wd pusgot dvdj f`rtgdr*

H`j wd pusg ot f`rtgdr5 H`j wd vdjturd. oj 0?88. te prepgdsy

0 Ygd stomunus ef tr`jsm`rojd henejoz`toej `ji mobr`toej os dx`mojdi furtgdr ej

pp* 79-033. adnew*




oj wgesd g`jis tgd m`stdry ef Jertg @mdroh` wonn nod ` hdjturygdjhd 5 H`j wd gepd te hemd `jy jd`rdr te tgd m`rl eursdnvds

tg`j eur om`boj`ry prepgdt oj 0643 `ji 0230 `ji 0738 5 H`j wd

ie merd tg`j rojb iewj tgd hurtòj ej tgd prdsdjt shdjd. oj wgohgtgd effsprojb ef tgd Jdw Djbn`jidrs iemoj`tds tgd st`bd 5 Ioffo-

hunt tgeubg iovoj`toej m`y ad. tgdrd `rd `nrdìy hdrtòj sobjs tg`t

tgd ir`m` os jet ydt pn`ydi eut `ji tgd foj`n vohtery oj tgd strubbndjet ydt idhoidi* Ejd sm`nn sobj ejhd h`md te tgd jetohd ef tgd

ùtger ef tgos Xtuiy*

@ fdw i`ys `ftdr tgd ehh`soej. mdjtoejdi àevd.0 wgdj O p`ssdi

ay tgd idsdrtdi sotd efYewj Gonn. Hejjdhtohut. O feuji mysdnf wotg

`j geur te spdji adtwddj tròjs oj ejd ef tgd sm`nn

a`hl-heujtrym`juf`hturojb tewjs ef Jdw Djbn`ji. ej tgd M`ss`hgusdtts soid

ef tgd Hejjdhtohut-M`ss`hgusdtts st`td-nojd* Xojhd tgd Bdjdr`n

R`r ef 0?09-07. tgd ojiustro`n iostrohts efJdw Djbn`ji g`vd f`rdi

`s aìny `s tgesd ef tgd metgdr heujtry* Ygdy g`vd f`nndj ej dvon

i`ys. `ji tgdy sgew ot oj tgdor `spdht* Oj tgos tewj. gewdvdr. ej

tgos i`y. tgd `tmespgdrd w`s jet `t `nn fernerj er nofdndss* Ygd tewjw`s oj fdtd. `ji tgd wgend pepun`toej w`s àreì oj tgd strddts*

Ygrdìojb my w`y tgreubg tgd hrewis O jetohdi tg`t ejd pdrsej

eut ef dvdry twe w`s wd`rojb ` spdho`n aìbd. `ji O ojquordi wg`ttgd heneurs sobjofodi* O w`s teni tg`t tgdywdrd tgd heneurs eftgd neh`n

Frdjhg H`jìo`j hnua<`ji O `shdrtòjdi tg`t my reubg omprdssoej

ef tgdor frdqudjhy oj tgd strddts w`s aerjd eut ay st`tostohs* Oj tg`t

yd`r 0?14. oj tg`t Jdw Djbn`ji m`juf`hturojb tewj. tgd Frdjhg

H`jìo`js wdrd ay f`r tgd strejbdst hejtojbdjt oj tgd neh`n nàemv

ferhd* Ygd ojiobdjeus Jdw Djbn`jidrs gì ndft tgdsd f`hterods. `s

tgdy gì ndft tgd fodnis ef Yewj Gonn. te foji tgdor fertujds oj tgd

Rdst< aut tgd tewj. ujnold tgd vonn`bd. gì jet addj idsdrtdi* @sf`st `s tgd ojiobdjeus pepun`toej gì daadi eut. ` toid ef Frdjhg

H`jìo`j ommobr`jts gì fneeidi oj* Hejiotoejs ef werl `ji nofd

wgohg gì hd`sdi te ad `ttr`htovd te tgd idshdji`jts ef tgd Sonbrom

F`tgdrs sddmdi nuxuroeus te tgdsd Jerm`j pd`s`jts" hgonirdj frem

tgd sua-`rhtoh gojtdrn`ji ef Pudadh* Merdevdr. O w`s teni. tgd

Frdjhg H`jìo`j ommobr`jts wdrd sprdìojb frem tgd tewjs ef

Jdw Djbn`ji ej te tgd n`ji. wgdrd. `s pd`s`jts. tgdy feuji tgdm-

sdnvdstruny

`t gemd* Ej tgdor

frub`n

st`ji`ri efnovojb.

@mdroh`j

r`tds ef ojiustro`n w`bds ndft tgdm wotg ` surpnus wgohg quohlny

meujtdi up te tgd purhg`sd-prohd ef ` idrdnoht Jdw Djbn`ji f`rm*

Ygd ommobr`jts wdrd `htu`nny rd-pepun`tojb tgd idsdrtdi heujtry-

soid* Sdrg`ps. ej my jdxt vosot. O sgeuni foji Yewj Gonn otsdnf je

nejbdr idsen`td* _dt of. ej tg`t feraoiiojb spet. tgd werls ef M`j

evdrh`md tgd wonidrjdss fer tgd sdheji tomd. ot heuni ad ferdsddj

0 Xdd pp* 04-06. àevd*




tg`t gostery weuni rdpd`t otsdnf wotg ` ioffdrdjhd* Ygd fodnis `ji

erhg`ris `ji dvdj tgd geusds mobgt wd`r `bòj oj 0?43 tgd `spdht

wgohg tgdy gì werj twe hdjturods adferd< aut tgos tomd tgd

aneei oj tgd vdojs ef tgd f`rmdrs weuni ad Frdjhg `ji jet Djbnosg .

`ji iovojd wersgop oj tgd `jtoqud weeidj hgurhg weuni ad hej-

iuhtdi je nejbdr ay ` Srdsaytdro`j mojostdr aut ay ` H`tgenoh

prodst!

Ygus ot sddms pessoand tg`t tgd hejtdst adtwddj tgd Frdjhg

H`jìo`j `ji tgd Jdw Djbn`jidr fer tgd m`stdry ef Jertg

@mdroh` m`y jet. `ftdr `nn. g`vd addj hejhnuidi `ji iospesdi ef

foj`nny ay tgd euthemd ef tgd Xdvdj _d`rs" R`r* Fer. wgdj tgd

Frdjhg fn`b w`s gùndi iewj. tgd Frdjhg pd`s`jt ioi jet ios`ppd`rwotg tgd dmandm ef tgd Frdjhg Bevdrjmdjt"s sevdrdobjty* Tjidr

tgd tutdn`bd ef tgd Qem`j H`tgenoh Hgurhg. tgos pd`s`jtry hej-

tojudi. ujiosturadi. te ad fruotfun `ji muntopny `ji rdpndjosg tgd

D`rtg< `ji jew oj tgd funnjdss ef tomd tgd Frdjhg H`jìo`j os

m`lojb ` heujtdr-effdjsovd ojte tgd gd`rt ef gos eni rov`n"s gemd-

n`ji* Gd os hejqudrojb Jdw Djbn`ji oj tgd pd`s`jt"s w`y aysnewdr aut surdr mdtgeis tg`j tgesd wgohg Bevdrjmdjts g`vd `t

tgdor

hemm`ji* Gdos

hejiuhtojbgos

epdr`toejswotg tgd

pneubg-sg`rd `ji jet wotg tgd sweri. `ji gd os `ssdrtojb gos ewjdrsgop aytgd pesotovd `ht ef henejozojb tgd heujtrysoid `ji jet ay tgd

h`rtebr`pgoh`n hejhdot ef pòjtojb heneurs `ji ir`wojb nojds ej `

shr`p ef p`pdr* Md`jwgond. n`w `ji rdnoboej `ji djvorejmdjt `rd

hemaojojb te `ssost gom* Ygd djvorejmdjt ef ` g`rsg heujtrysoid

lddps gom dxpesdi te ` stomunus wgohg je nejbdr ojvober`tds gos

rov`n oj tgd seftdr `tmespgdrd ef tgd iost`jt Rdstdrj hotods* Gos

rdnoboej feraois gom te rdstroht tgd sozd ef gos f`mony ay hejtr`-

hdptovd mdtgeis ef aortg-hejtren* @ji Tjotdi Xt`tds ndbosn`toej.

wgohg g`s rdstrohtdi ommobr`toej frem heujtrods evdrsd`s aut jet

frem heujtrods ej tgd @mdroh`j Hejtojdjt. g`s ndft tgd Frdjhg

H`jìo`j ommobr`jt oj ` provondbdi pesotoej wgohg os sg`rdi wotg

gom ay jejd aut tgd Mdxoh`j* 0

Sdrg`ps tgd prdsdjt `ht oj tgd

ir`m` ef Jertg @mdroh`j gostery m`y dji. `ftdr ` hdjtury ef

pd`hdfun pdjdtr`toej. oj ` troumpg`n mddtojb adtwddj tgd twe

rdsurbdjt N`toj pd`s`jtrods oj tgd jdobgaeurgeei ef tgd Fdidr`n

H`pot`n ef tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds! Os tgos tgd idjeudmdjt tg`t eur

brd`t-br`jihgonirdj `rd idstojdi te wotjdss oj @*I* 1388 5 Ygdrd

0 YgosQdstrohtoej

ef ommobr`toej ojte tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds g`s addj dffdhtdi ay tgd

Ommobr`toej 'Qdstrohtoej/ @hts ef 0?10 `ji 0?19* Ot sgeuni ad jetdi tg`t tgd woid ieerndft epdj fer ommobr`toej ojte tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds `hress tgd n`ji-frejtodrs os ejny epdjfer j`tovd-aerj ojgàot`jts ef tgd ìkeojojb @mdroh`j heujtrods* @ Durepd`j er @so`toh

wge `ttdmpts te djtdr tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds tgreubg H`jì` er Mdxohe. wotgeut g`vojbsdhurdi ` pn`hd oj tgd `jju`n quet` ef ommobr`jts `ssobjdi te gos ewj heujtry ef eroboj.fojis gomsdnf dxhnuidi* Oj tgos m`ttdr. tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds Aurdù ef Ommobr`toej g`s

ìeptdi tgd Arotosg @imor`nty"s iehtrojd ef "hejtojueus vey`bd+*




g`vd addj rdvdrs`ns ef fertujd dvdry aot `s str`jbd `s tgos oj Jertg@mdroh`j gostery adferd*

OOO* YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJIYgd Ydstomejy ef Sgonesepgy. Mytgeneby. `ji Qdnoboej

Xe muhg fer hemp`rosejs adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd stomun`tojbdffdhts ef pgysoh`n djvorejmdjts wgohg prdsdjt ioffdrdjt idbrdds ef

ioffohunty* Ndt us jew `ppre`hg tgd s`md qudstoej frem ` ioffdrdjt

`jbnd ay hemp`rojb tgd rdspdhtovd stomun`tojb dffdhts ef eni breuji`ji jdw breuji. `p`rt frem tgd ojtrojsoh j`turd ef tgd tdrròj*

Ieds tgd dffert efard`lojb

jdwbreuji

`ht `s ` stomunus oj otsdnf 5

Ygd qudstoej os `jswdrdi oj tgd `fform`tovd ay tgd hrotoh`n dmporo-hosm ef `j dobgtddjtg-hdjtury Rdstdrj pgonesepgdr `s wdnn `s aytgd

woidr spejt`jdeus gum`j dxpdrodjhd wgohg g`s feuji ` humun`-

tovd dxprdssoej oj Mytgeneby* I`voi Gumd hejhnuids gos dss`y

Ef tgd Qosd `ji Srebrdss ef tgd @rts `ji Xhodjhds wotg tgd easdrv`-

toej tg`t "tgd `rts `ji shodjhds. nold semd pn`jts. rdquord ` frdsg

seon< `ji. gewdvdr rohg tgd n`ji m`y ad. `ji gewdvdr yeu m`yrdhruot ot ay `rt er h`rd. ot wonn jdvdr. wgdj ejhd dxgùstdi. pre-iuhd `jytgojb tg`t os pdrfdht er fojosgdi oj tgd loji"* Ygd s`md

`fform`tovd `jswdr os hejvdydi oj tgd mytg ef tgd Dxpunsoej frem

Didj `ji oj tgd mytg ef tgd Dxeius frem Dbypt* Oj tgdor rdmev`n

eut ef tgd m`boh b`ridj ojte tgd werlì`y werni. @i`m `ji Dvd

tr`jshdji tgd feei-b`tgdrojb dhejemy ef Sromotovd M`jloji `ji

bovd aortg te tgd f`tgdrs ef `j `brohuntur`n `ji ` p`ster`n hovonoz`-

toej*0 Oj tgdor dxeius frem Dbypt. tgd Hgonirdj ef Osr`dn tgeubg

tgdy g`jldr oj tgd wonidrjdss `ftdr tgd fndsg pets ef tgd geusd ef

aeji`bd1 bovd aortg te ` bdjdr`toej wgohg gdnps te n`y tgd

feuji`toejs ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej oj t`lojb pessdssoej ef

tgd Sremosdi N`ji*8 Rgdj wd turj frem mytgs te rdheris. wd

foji tgdsd ojtuotoejs hejformdi ay tgd dvoidjhd ef dmporoh`n

easdrv`toej*

Oj tgd gosterods ef rdnoboejs. wd foji tg`t te tgd hejstdrj`toej ef

tgesd wge `sl tgd sherjfun qudstoej; "H`j `jy beei tgojb hemd

eut ef J`z`rdtg 5"9 tgd Mdsso`g ef Kdwry ieds hemd eut ef tg`t

eashurd vonn`bd oj "B`nondd ef tgd Bdjtonds";4

`j eutnyojb podhd efjdw breuji wgohg gì addj h`pturdi fer Kdwry ay tgd M`hh`-

adds r`tgdr ndss tg`j ` hdjtury adferd tgd i`td ef Kdsus"s aortg*6

@ji wgdj tgd ojiemotànd brewtg ef tgos B`non`d`j bròj ef

o Xdd OO* H 'oo/ 'a/ O. ven o. p* 1?3. àevd* 1 Xdd pp* 19-4. àevd*

8 Xdd tgd p`ss`bd quetdi oj OO* A. ven* o. p 0?7. àevd*

+ Kegj 0*96* Hemp`rdKegj vj* 90 `ji 41. `ji M`tt ov* 09-0 6. wgohg os ` rdmojoshdjhd

ef Osò`g ox* 0-1*

s M`tt* ov* 04*6Qdbj`jtd @ndx`jir` K`jj`de. 038-26 A*H*




must`ri-sddi turjs tgd hejstdrj`toej ef Ertgeiex Kdwry ojte

`htovd gestonoty. `ji tgos jet ejny oj Kui`d` otsdnf aut `mejb tgd

Kdwosg io`spero. tgdj tgd prep`b`ters ef tgd jdw fòtg idnoadr`tdnyh

turj te tgd Bdjtonds"

0

`ji prehddi te hejqudr jdw wernis fer

Hgrosto`joty ej breuji wgohg gì nòj wgenny adyeji tgd r`jbd ef

tgd strejb robgt `rm ef `j @ndx`jidr K`jj`dus* Oj tgd gostery ef

Auiigosm ot os tgd s`md stery. fer tgd idhosovd vohterods ef tgos

Ojiod fòtg `rd jet wej ej tgd eni breuji ef tgd Ojiod Rerni* Ygd

Goj`y`j` forst fojis `j epdj reì oj Hdynej. wgohg w`s ` henejo`n

`jjdx ef tgd Ojiod Hovonoz`toej* @ji tgd M`g`y`j` st`rts ots

nejb `ji reujiàeut keurjdy tew`ris ots futurd iemòj oj tgd

F`r D`st

ay h`pturojbtgd

Xyro`hozdi

`ji Gdnndjozdi Ojiod

prevojhdef tgd S`jkà* Ot os ej tgd jdw breuji ef tgdsd `nodj wernis tg`t tgd

gobgdst dxprdssoejs ef tgd Ojiod `ji tgd Xyro`h rdnoboeus bdjous

dvdjtu`nny ad`r tgdor fruot oj wotjdss te tgd trutg tg`t "` prepgdt

os jet wotgeut gejeur s`vd oj gos ewj heujtry `ji oj gos ewj

geusd"*1

Ygd Ydstomejy ef tgd "Qdn`tdi" Hovonoz`toejs

@ hejvdjodjt dmporoh`n tdst ef tgos seho`n "n`w" os effdrdi ay tgesd

hovonoz`toejs ef tgd "rdn`tdi" hn`ss tg`t g`vd `rosdj p`rtny ej breuji

`nrdìy ehhupodi ay tgd rdspdhtovd `jtdhdidjt hovonoz`toej `ji

p`rtny ej breuji wgohg tgd "rdn`tdi" hovonoz`toej g`s t`ldj evdr

dotgdr frem promotovd sehodtods er frem etgdr hovonoz`toejs ej ots

ewj `hheujt. wotgeut tgd `jtdhdidjt hovonoz`toej g`vojb gdrd prd-

hdidi ot `ji prdp`rdi tgd w`y* Rd h`j tdst tgd rdspdhtovd stomu-

n`tojb dffdhts ef eni breuji `ji jdw breuji ay survdyojb tgd

h`rddr ef `jy ejd ef tgdsd "rdn`tdi" hovonoz`toejs. m`rlojb tgd peojt

er peojts wotgoj ots iemòj `t wgohg ots `hgodvdmdjts oj `jy nojd

ef seho`n `htovoty g`vd addj mest sobj`n. `ji tgdj easdrvojb

wgdtgdr tgd breuji ej wgohg suhg peojts `rd neh`tdi os jdw

breuji er eni*

Ndt us adboj wotg tgd dxtrdmd h`sd ef tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej.

wgesd eroboj`n gemd g`s addj feuji te ad wgenny heojhoidjt wotg

tg`t ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" hovonoz`toej ; tgd Xumdroh* 8 Oj wgohg ef ots

tgrdd feho Aàynejo`. Dn`m. @ssyro`9 ioi tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`-

toej mest iostojbuosg otsdnf5 Tjieuatdiny oj @ssyro`* Rgdtgdrwd kuibd ay prewdss oj `rms er ay hejstruhtovd àonoty oj penotohs

er ay hrd`tovd bdjous oj `rt. wd must prejeujhd tg`t tgd AàynejohHovonoz`toej rd`hgdi ` gobgdr ndvdn oj @ssyro` tg`j oj dotgdr ef tgd

etgdr twe Aàynejoh heujtrods* @ji w`s @ssyro` eni breuji er

0@htp xoj* 96*

1 M`ttgdw xooo* 42* Hemp`rd M`rl vo* 9< Nuld ov* 19< Kegj ov* 99*8 Xdd tgd tànd `ji tgd feetjetd oj ven o. p* 081. àevd*9 Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 006-02. àevd*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI 24

jdw 5 Ot turjs eut. ej furtgdr dx`moj`toej. tg`t @ssyro` w`s tgd

ejd pertoej ef tgd eroboj`n gemd ef tgd `jtdhdidjt Xumdroh Hovono-

z`toej wgohg pessoany mobgt ad rdb`ridi `s jdw breuji `t `jy

r`td ay hemp`rosej wotg Xumdr `ji @llì `ji Dn`m< fer wgdj wd

pread tgd neh`n gostery ef @ssyro` `s iddp `s tgd prdsdjt st`td ef eur

`rhg`deneboh`n ljewndibd `nnews us te pdjdtr`td. wd foji semd

rd`sej fer suppesojb tg`t @ssyro` w`s jet ejd ef tgd eroboj`n hem-

mujotods ojte wgohg tgd Xumdroh Xehodty `rtohun`tdi otsdnf `ftdr ots

aortg. aut w`s oj semd sdjsd ` henejy `nadot ` henejy tg`t w`s

`nmest hedv`n wotg tgd metgdr heujtry* Sdrg`ps ot os jet `ntebdtgdr

f`jt`stoh te surmosd tg`t tgd stomunus idrovdi frem tgos ard`lojb ef

jdwbreuji

oj

@ssyro``t semd

d`rny st`bdoj tgd

brewtgef tgd

Xumdroh Hovonoz`toej m`y `hheujt oj p`rt fer tgd spdho`n vobeur

wgohg w`s `ftdrw`ris iospn`ydi ay tgd "`ffono`tdi" Aàynejoh Hovono-

z`toej ej tgos @ssyro`j breuji*0

Yurjojb jdxt te tgd Gojiu Hovonoz`toej. ndt us m`rl tgd neh`n

seurhds ef tgd jdw hrd`tovd dndmdjts oj Gojiu nofd p`rtohun`rny oj

rdnoboej. wgohg g`s `nw`ys addj tgd hdjtr`n `ji suprdmd `htovoty ef

tgd Gojiu Xehodty* Rd foji tgdsd seurhds oj tgd Xeutg* Ot w`s

gdrd tg`t `nn tgd iostojhtovd fd`turds ef Gojiuosm teel sg`pd ;1 tgd

hunt ef Beis rdprdsdjtdi ay m`tdro`n eakdhts er om`bds `ji geusdi

oj tdmpnds <tgd dmetoej`n pdrsej`n rdn`toej adtwddj tgd wersgoppdr

`ji tgd p`rtohun`r Bei te wgesd wersgop gd g`s idvetdi gomsdnf<

tgd mdt`pgysoh`n suanom`toej ef om`bd-wersgop `ji dmetoej`nosm

oj `j ojtdnndhtu`nny sepgostoh`tdi tgdeneby 'X`jl`r`. tgd f`tgdr ef

Gojiu Ygdeneby. w`s aerj. horh` @*I* 277. oj Xeutgdrj M`nà`r/*8

@nn tgdsd fd`turds ef Gojiuosm ad`r ` Xeutgdrj st`mp* @ji w`s

tgd Xeutg efOjio` eni breuji erjdw 5 Ot w`sjdw breuji. oj`smuhg

`s ot gì jet addj ojherper`tdi ojte tgd iemòj ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi"

Ojiod Hovonoz`toej ujton tgd tomd ef tgd Mùry` Dmpord 'horh`

818-074 A*H*/.9 wgdj tgd Ojiod Xehodty. `ftdr g`vojb forst areldj

iewj `ji tgdj p`ssdi tgreubg ` Yomd ef Yreuands. `t ndjbtg

djtdrdi upej tg`t ìv`jhdi st`bd oj tgd iosojtdbr`toej ef ` hovonoz`-

toej wgohg wd g`vd nd`rjt te rdhebjozd `s ` "ujovdrs`n st`td"*

Ndt us neel jew `t tgd twe hovonoz`toejs tg`t `rd "`ffono`tdi+ te tgd

Xyro`h. j`mdny tgd @ràoh `ji tgd Or`joh*4

Rgdrd. iurojb tgd sgert nofd ef tgd @ràoh Xehodty. ioi ots r`tgdrfddand punsd ad`t nd`st fddany5 @ssurdiny oj Dbypt. wgdrd ` bgest

ef tgdh

@aa`soi H`nopg`td '` bgest. tg`t os te s`y. eftgd "rdojtdbr`tdi"

Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td/ w`s dveldi oj tgd tgortddjtg hdjtury ef tgd

+ Fer `jetgdr dxpn`j`toej ef @ssyro`"s rosd `s ` rd`htoej te tgd stomunus ef prdssurd

frem tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt. sdd tgd prdsdjt venumd. pp* o88~2: adnew*

` Xdd Dnoet. Xor Hg`rnds; Gojiuosm `ji Auiigosm 'Nejiej 0?10. @rjeni. 8 vens*/.

ven* o. Ojtreiuhtoej. p* xno*

8 Xdd Dnoet. ep* hot.ven* oo. p* 132*

+ Xdd O* H 'o/ 'o/. ven* o. pp* 76-2. àevd*

s Xdd o* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 62-21. wotg @jjdx O. àevd*




Hgrosto`j Dr` ay tgd M`mnuls* 0 Ot w`s oj Dbypt tg`t tgd @ràoh

notdr`turd `ji tgd @ràoh `rhgotdhturd ldpt tgdmsdnvds `novd iurojb

tgd qu`rtdr ef ` monndjjoum tg`t dn`psdi adtwddj tgd ojùbur`toej

ef tgd Hòrdjd H`nopg`td `ji tgd Ettem`j hejqudst* @ji w`sDbypt eni breuji er jdw5 Ot w`s jdw breuji oj`smuhg `s ot gì

jet adbuj te ad ojherper`tdi ojte tgd iemòj ef tgd Xyro`h Hovono-

z`toej. te wgohg tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`toej w`s "`ffono`tdi". adferd tgd

djtry ef tgos Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej ojte ots ujovdrs`n st`td<`ji dvdj

tgdj tgd "idì trujl" ef tgd ojiobdjeus Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej.

wgohg stonn humadrdi tgd breuji oj Dbypt. w`s ejny àseradi ojte

tgd tossuds ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej snewny `ji `riueusny*

Ygdhejqudst

ef

Dbypt aytgd @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord.wgohg w`s

tgd eroboj`n Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td.1 w`s ` mdrd dxtdrj`n `jjdx`toej*

Ygd Dbypto`js wdrd sompny suaiudi penotoh`nny ay ferhd ef `rms

`ji dvdj tgos ejny ojtdrmottdjtny* Ygd @hg`dmdjo`j rdbomdmìd je prebrdss wg`tdvdr tew`ris hejvdrtojb tgdor seuns

< `ji.

wgdj tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td w`s ojtdrruptdi ay tgd ojtrusoej

ef Gdnndjosm. "Gdnndjoz`toej" sddmdi ` merd noldny idstojy fer tgd

rdsoiud ef tgd Dbypto`h Xehodty tg`j ` mdrbdr wotg tgd Xyro`h

Xehodty wgohg gì addj suamdrbdi. quotd `s iddpny `s tgd

Dbypto`h Xehodty otsdnf. ujidr tgd Gdnndjoh fneei* Ot w`s jet ujton

aetg tgd Gdnndjoh `ji tgd Dbypto`h Xehodty wdrd oj dxtrdmos tg`t.

oj tgd hempdtotoej fer sporotu`n iemojoej evdr Dbypt. tgd Gdnndjoh

Xehodty nest `ji tgd Xyro`h Xehodty bòjdi tgd uppdr g`ji* Ygduntom`td vohtery ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej oj Dbypt w`s forst ferd-

sgìewdi wgdj Dbypt w`s h`ptov`tdi ay Mejepgysotosm `

vdrsoej ef Hgrosto`joty oj wgohg tgd Xyro`h rd`htoej `bòjst Gdn-

ndjosm dxprdssdi otsdnf adferd tgd iossenutoej ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord

`ji tgd rd-ojtdbr`toej ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd "@aa`soi

H`nopg`td*8 Ygd vohtery ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej oj Dbyptw`s ejny

hejsumm`tdi wgdj tgd pepun`toej ef Dbypt `ftdr g`vojb suh-

hdssovdny à`jiejdi tgdor `jhodjt Dbypto`h rdnoboej fer Sromotovd

Hgrosto`joty `ji Sromotovd Hgrosto`joty fer Mejepgysotosm wdrd

hejvdrtdi dj m`ssd frem Mejepgysotosm te Osn`m< `ji tgos ioi jet

g`ppdj ujton tgd "@aa`soi H`nopg`td otsdnf gì iossenvdi ojte tgd

ojtdrrdbjum 'horh` @*I* ?24-0124/+ eut efwgohg tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`-

toej `ftdrw`ris dmdrbdi* Ygus. oj Dbypt. tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`toejw`s ehhupyojb breuji wgohg tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Xyro`h hovonoz`toej

gì jet hempndtdny mìd ots ewj ujton tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`toej w`sej tgd peojt ef hemojb te aortg* _dt ot w`s ej tgos jdw breuji oj

0 Xdd ven* o. p* 23. àevd* ` Xdd ven* o. pp* 24-?. àevd*8 Ygd rd`htoej ef tgd Xyro`j Hovonoz`toej `bòjst tgd ojtrusoej ef Gdnndjosm. ef wgohg

tgos Mejepgysotd vdrsoej ef Hgrosto`joty w`s ejd symptem oj ejd pg`sd. os ioshussdifurtgdr oj OO* 8I 'vo/. ej p* 186. `ji OO* I 'vj/. ej pp* 876-2. `s wdnn `s oj Sòn OW. adnew*

+ Xdd ven* o. pp. 62-7. àevd*




Dbypt tg`t tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`toej iospn`ydi suhg vobeur `s ot ioi

iospn`y adferd ots h`rddr w`s prdm`turdny hnesdi ay ojherper`toejojte tgd aeiy seho`n ef ots nustodr Or`joh sostdr* Ygos os jetdwertgy.

hejsoidrojb tg`t tgd eroboj`n gemd ef tgd @ràoh Hovonoz`toejojhnuidi jet ejny tgd jdw breuji ef Dbypt aut `nse tgd eni breujief Xyro` tgd vdry rdboej oj wgohg tgd "`pp`rdjtdi

8

Xyro`h Hovono-

z`toej gì t`ldj ots rosd* _dt. oj tgd gostery ef tgd "`ffono`tdi+

@ràoh Hovonoz`toej. Xyro` `nw`ys pn`ydi tgd suaerioj`td `ji Dbypttgd ndìojb p`rt*

@bòj. oj wg`t `rd`s ioi tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej tgd sostdr ef tgd

Xyro`h mest hejspohueusny fneurosg 5 @nmest `nn tgd brd`t `hgodvd-

mdjts ef tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej oj tgdprojhop`n spgdrds

ef seho`n

`htovoty jet ejny oj w`r `ji oj penotohs. aut dvdj oj `rhgotdhturd

`ji oj notdr`turd0 wdrd `hhempnosgdi `t ejd er etgdr ef tgd twe

dxtrdmotods ef tgd Or`joh Rerni ; dotgdr oj Gojiust`j. `t ejd dji. er

oj @j`teno`. `t tgd etgdr<1 `ji tgdy hunmoj`tdi rdspdhtovdny. oj

tgdsd twe `rd`s. oj tgd Mubg`n `ji oj tgd Ettem`j Dmpord* Rdrdtgdsd twe Or`joh dmpords drdhtdi ej eni breuji er ej jdw breuji 5

Ygd breuji w`s jdw oj aetg h`sds* Ygd Ettem`j Dmpord w`s

drdhtdi ej tgd iemòj ef tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej< `ji

ojiddi ot ehhupodi tgos iemòj se dffdhtovdny tg`t ot `htu`nny pdr-

fermdi. fer tgd mòj aeiy ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem. tgd fujhtoej

ef ` ujovdrs`n st`td*8Xomon`rny. tgd Mubg`n Dmpord w`s drdhtdi ej

tgd iemòj eftgd Gojiu Hovonoz`toej `ji pdrfermdi tgd fujhtoej ef

` ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd Gojiu Rerni*9 Ygus tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej

0 Sdrso`j notdr`turd wgohg oj tgd d`rny `bd ef Or`joh gostery hejtojudi te fneurosg. `jitgos oj tgd gd`rt ef tgd Or`joh Rerni. oj Or`j otsdnf os ` hejspohueus `pp`rdjt dxhdptoejte tgd bdjdr`n rund gdrd fermun`tdi* Ygos Sdrso`j notdr`turd. gewdvdr. os te ad rdb`ridi`s ` hrd`toej jet ef tgd Or`joh aut ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej '`s N`toj

notdr`turd os ` hrd`toej ef tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej `ji jet ef tgd "`ffono`tdi+ Rdstdrj erN`toj Hgrostdjiem/* Ygd bdjdsos ef Sdrso`j notdr`turd w`s `j dvdjt ef tgd "@aa`soi `bd.wgdj tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej w`s djkeyojb ` loji ef "Ojio`j Xummdr+ `ftdr tgd rdojtdbr`-noej ef ots ujovdrs`n st`td* Ot os te tgos `bd ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej tg`t Sdrso`j notdr`turd

bdjdtoh`nny adnejbs. `ntgeubg hgrejeneboh`nny tgd nofdtomd ef ejd ef ots brd`t m`stdrs.X`+io ef Xgor`z 'vovda`t `rd` @ I* 0 079-01?x4. f`nns wotgoj tgd pest-Xyj`h ojtdrrdbjum.`ji tgd nofdtomds ef twe etgdrs G`foz ef Xgor`z `ji K`m! ef Lgur`s`j f`nn rdspdhtovdnywotgoj tgd feurtddjtg `ji tgd foftddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`; tg`t os te s`y.

wotgoj ` tomd wgdj tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej gì `nrdìy dmdrbdi G`foz `ji tgd etgdr

Sdrso`j pedts ef gos bdjdr`toej fneurosgdi ujidr seho`n hejiotoejs huroeusny rdsdmanojbtgesd wgohg preiuhdi aetg tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j sl`nis `ji tgd Oejo`j Gemdji`d* +Ot

weuni sddm tg`t tgd dxostdjhd ef jumdreus sm`nn heurts. rov`ns te ejd `jetgdr. `ji d`hg

strovojb te eutsgojd tgd etgdrs. w`s sojbun`rny f`veurànd te tgd djheur`bdmdjt ef pedts

`ji etgdr mdj ef ndttdrs. wge. of ios`ppeojtdi er snobgtdi oj ejd hoty. heuni bdjdr`nnyfoji oj `jetgdr ` merd f`veurànd rdhdptoej*" 'Arewjd. D B*; @ Notdr`ry Gostery ef

Sdrso`. ven* m 'H`maroibd 0?17. Tjovdrsoty Srdss/. pp 063-0 / Ygdrd`ftdr. gewdvdr.frem tgd adbojjojb ef tgd soxtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. Sdrso`j notdr`turd

wontdi oj Oo`j ujidr tgd rdbomd ef tgd X`f`wos* 'Fer ` ioshussoej ef tgos n`st-mdjtoejdi

pgdjemdjej. sdd Arewjd. D. B ; @ Notdr`ry Gostery ef Sdrso`. ven ov 'H`maroibd 0?17.

Tjovdrsoty Srdss/. pp* 19-80< `ji tgd prdsdjt Xtuiy. O* H 'o/ '6/. @jjdx O. oj veno.

àevd*/` Fer tgd `rd` hevdrdi ay tgd eroboj`n iemòj ef tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej. sdd O* H 'o/

'6/. ven* o. pp* 67-?. àevd*8 Fer tgos rend ef tgd Ettem`j Dmpord. sdd furtgdr S`rt OOO* @. ven* ooo. pp* 16-2. `ji

S`rt VO. adnew* 9 Xdd S`rt VO. adnew*




iospn`ydi. `t twe peojts wgohg wdrd rdmetd frem ejd `jetgdr. tgd

oidjtoh`n oioesyjhr`sy ef fneurosgojb adst ej ferdobj seon* Merd-

evdr. ot os te ad jetdi tg`t. oj aetg h`sds. tgd `hquosotoej ef tgos

ferdobj seon gì jet st`rtdi ujton `ftdr tgd adbojjojb ef tgd ojtdr-

rdbjum 'horh` @*I* ?24-0124/ ojte wgohg tgd ujovdrs`n st`td ef tgd

"`pp`rdjtdi" Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej iossenvdi `ji eut ef wgohg tgd

"`ffono`tdi" Or`joh Hovonoz`toej otsdnf dmdrbdi* Ygd forst pdrm`jdjt

hejqudsts ef Gojiu tdrrotery oj tgd Làun V`nndy `ji oj tgd S`jkà

wdrd mìd 'horh` @*I* ?24-O314/0

ay Xdaultdboj `ji gos merd

hdndar`tdi suhhdsser M`gmui ef Bg`zj`g< tgd forst pdrm`jdjt

hejqudsts ef Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j tdrrotery wdrd mìd 'horh` @*I*

0323-4/ aytgd

X`nkuqs*@hheriojbny. ot w`s ej sotds `hquordi podhdmd`n frem `nodj

hovonoz`toejs `t rdhdjt i`tds tg`t tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej dvdjtu`nny

drdhtdi ots mest ompesojb mejumdjts* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgd

sdheji gemd wgohg tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej gì ejhd

feuji ej tgd Or`jo`j Sn`tdù `ji oj tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj1

jdvdr adh`md tgd mest `htovd fehus ef tgd "`ffono`tdi" Or`joh Hovono-

z`toej. oj spotd ef tgd f`ht tg`t tgdsd twe rdboejs n`y oj tgd gd`rt

ef tgd zejd oj wgohg tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej eroboj`nny dmdrbdi*

Iurojb tgd `bd wgdj. oj tgd jdw tdrroterods hejqudrdi frem

Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem `ji Gojiuosm. tgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej w`s

beojb frem strdjbtg te strdjbtg. ot suhhumadi oj Or`j `ji oj

Yr`jsex`jo` te ` sdrods ef neh`n mosidvdnepmdjts*8 Oj tgd forst

pn`hd. iurojb tgd pest-Xyro`h ojtdrrdbjum. tgdsd rdboejs aerd tgd

arujt ef tgd Mejben ojv`soej tgd n`st `ji mest idstruhtovd

`v`n`jhgd ef tgd pest-Xyro`h Venldrw`jidrujb* Ygdrd`ftdr. tgdy

n`y terpoi ujidr tgd idìwdobgt ef tgd twe neh`n Mejben "suhhdsser-

st`tds" ef tgd "@aa`soi H`nopg`td tgd `pp`j`bd ef tgd On-Lg`js `jitgd `pp`j`bd ef tgd Geusd ef Hg`bg`t`y <

`ji tgdsd ioseridrny `ji

snubbosg rdbomds ejny ios`ppd`rdi te m`ld w`y fer tgd idveurojbmonot`rosm ef Yomur* Ygd foj`n anews. ay wgohg tgd twe rdboejs

wdrd prestr`tdi somunt`jdeusny `t tgd adbojjojb ef tgd soxtddjtg

hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. wdrd tgd dstànosgmdjt ef tgd Xgo"o

Sewdr oj Or`j `ji tgd hejqudst ef tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj ay tgd

Tzadb a`ra`ro`js eff tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd ; twe voendjt penotoh`n

tr`jsferm`toejs wgohg gì tgd oidjtoh dffdht ef foxojb ` brd`t

rdnoboeus `ji huntur`n bunf adtwddj tgd bdebr`pgoh`n gd`rt ef tgd

0Xdaultdboj dstànosgdi gos suzdròjty evdr tgd Làun V`nndy oj @*I* 324< `ji

M`gmui hejqudrdi ot `ji ferhoany hejvdrtdi tgd pepun`toej te Osn`m oj @*I* 0310.

'Vòiy`. H* V*- @ Gostery ef Mdio`dv`n Ojio` 'Seej` 0?10-9. Erodjt`n Aeel-Xuppnyojb@bdjhy. 1 vens*/. ven* o. p* 0?8 / Xdaultdbm"s ròis ej tgd S`jkà adb`j oj @*I* ?76-2<M`gmui ròidi L`jùk oj @*I* 030? 'Xmotg. V*; Ygd D`rny Gostery ef Ojio`. 8ri diotoej

'Exferi 0?09. Hn`rdjiej Srdss/. p* 871/*1 Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 73-1. àevd*

` Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. @jjdx O. oj ven* o. OO* I 'v/. pp* 099-7 ef tgd prdsdjt venumd ; `jiS`rt OV*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI 2?

Or`joh Rerni `ji dotgdr ef ots dxtrdmotods* Ygus ot w`s oj tgd

dxtrdmotods `ji jet `t tgd gd`rt ef tgd Or`joh aeiy seho`n tg`t tgd

aneei puns`tdi mest vobereusny< er. oj tdrms ef eur eroboj`n mdt`-

pger.ot

w`s ej jdw breuji `ji jet ej eni breuji tg`t tgd sddi eftgd Or`joh hunturd preiuhdi ots fojdst g`rvdsts*

Oj wg`t rdboejs g`s tgd brd`tdst vobeur addj iospn`ydi ay tgd

Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej5 @ bn`jhd `t ots gostery sgews

tg`t ots seho`n hdjtrd ef br`voty g`s nòj oj ioffdrdjt rdboejs `t

ioffdrdjt tomds* Oj tgd forst `bd `ftdr ots dmdrbdjhd eut ef tgd pest-

Gdnndjoh ojtdrrdbjum. tgd nofd ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem w`s mest

vobereus ej tgd @so`toh soid ef tgd Aespgerus `ji I`ri`jdnnds

oj tgd hdjtr`n `ji jertg-d`stdrjp`rts

ef tgd @j`teno`j Sn`tdù

er. oj tgd ìmojostr`tovd tdrmojeneby ef tgd i`y. oj tgd @j`tenoh

`ji @rmdjo`h `rmy herps iostrohts 'tgdm`t`/ ef tgd D`st Qem`j

Dmpord* Ygdrd`ftdr. oj tgd heursd ef tgd twe hdjturods wgohg

dn`psdi adtwddj tgd hejvdrsoej ef Aunb`ro` te Ertgeiex Hgrosto-

`joty oj @*I* 764-23 `ji tgd ehhup`toej ef tgd ojtdroer ef @j`teno`

ay tgd X`nkuq Yurlosg hejvdrts te Osn`m oj @*I* 0323-4. tgd hdjtrd

ef br`voty ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem sgoftdi frem tgd @so`toh te tgd

Durepd`j soid ef tgd Xtròts< `ji. `s f`r `s tgd mòj aeiy ef

Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Xehodty os hejhdrjdi. ot g`s rdmòjdi oj tgd

A`nl`j Sdjojsun` dvdr sojhd* Oj meidrj tomds. gewdvdr. tg`t

pertoej ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem wgohg hejstotutds tgd mòj aeiyef tgd sehodty frem `j gosteroh`n st`jipeojt g`s addj f`r eutstroppdi

oj brewtg `ji evdrsgìewdi oj ompert`jhd ay tgd mobgty effsgeet

ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem oj Qusso`* 0

@rd tgdsd tgrdd `rd`s oj wgohg tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`-

toej g`s suhhdssovdny ròsdi ots gdì te ad rdb`ridi `s eni breuji

er `s jdw 5 Hdjtr`n `ji Jertg-D`stdrj @j`teno` w`s hdrtòjny jdw

breuji `s f`r `s tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej w`s hejhdrjdi*

Ot w`s tgd fermdr iemòj ef tgd Gottotd Hovonoz`toej< `ji `ntgeubg

tgd Gottotd Hovonoz`toej gì iodi ` prdm`turd id`tg ay voendjhd

iurojb tgd Venldrw`jidrujb oj wgohg tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej

w`s areubgt te aortg.1

ots @j`teno`j gemdn`ji w`s jet pdjdtr`tdi

ay Gdnndjosm ujton `ftdr tgd idstruhtoej ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord ay @ndx`jidr tgd Brd`t* Dvdj tgdj. tgos rdboej rdmòjdi

ujgdnndjozdi muhg nejbdr tg`j m`jy pn`hds tg`t wdrd f`r merdiost`jt frem tgd @dbd`j* Ygd prehdss ioi jet sdt oj vobereusny

gdrd ujton `ftdr tgd n`st ef tgd neh`n "suhhdsser-st`tds" ef tgd

@hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord gì addj hejvdrtdi ojte Qem`j prevojhds<

`ji tgd forst pesotovd neh`n hejtroautoejs te tgd Gdnndjoh hunturd

+ @j effsgeet wgohg g`s jdotgdr nest ots ompert`jhd jer hd`sdi te ad rdhebjozànd

tgreubg adojb ir`pdi twohd evdr forst ay Sdtdr tgd Brd`t `ji tgdj ay Ndjoj m `j

dxetoh f`jhy irdss ef tgd memdjt`rony f`sgoejànd Rdstdrj hut*

1 Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* ?8 `ji 033-0. àevd*



7e YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

wdrd mìd `s n`td `s tgd feurtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr` ay tgd

H`ppìeho`j F`tgdrs ef tgd Hgurhg* Ygus tgd d`rnodst hdjtrd ef

br`voty ef tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej oj tgd ojtdroer ef

@j`teno` n`y oj ` rdboej wgohg gì jet addj hempndtdny ojherper`tdiojte tgd iemòj ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej ujton

Gdnndjosm w`s oj `rtohune mertos*

Ygd sdheji hdjtrd ef br`voty oj tgd ojtdroer ef tgd A`nl`j

Sdjojsun` w`s dstànosgdi ej jdw breuji noldwosd* Fer tgd vdjddr

ef Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej oj ` N`toj mdioum. wotg wgohg tgos rdboej

gì addj tgojny evdrnòi. oj tgd nofdtomd ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord.

iurojb ` sp`j ef semd fovd hdjturods. gì addj idstreydi wotgeut

nd`vojb` tr`hd0

iurojbtgd

ojtdrrdbjumojte wgohg tgd

Dmpordgì

dvdjtu`nny iossenvdi* Ygd idstruhtoej w`s merd tgereubgbeojbgdrd tg`j ot w`s oj `jy ef tgd wdstdrj prevojhds wotg tgd sojbnd

dxhdptoej ef Arotòj* Oj tgd A`nl`j Sdjojsun`. `s oj Arotòj. tgd

supdrfoho`n hg`jbd ef rdbomd w`s `hhemp`jodi ay ` rìoh`n hg`jbdefpepun`toej `ji rdnoboej* Ygd Hgrosto`j Qem`j prevojho`ns wdrd

jet sompny hejqudrdi aut wdrd pr`htoh`nny dxtdrmoj`tdi ay tgd

p`b`j a`ra`ro`j ojvìdrs< `ji tgdsd a`ra`ro`js drìoh`tdi `nn

dndmdjts ef neh`n hunturd se dffdhtovdny tg`t wgdj tgdor idshdji`jts

rdpdjtdi ef tgd dvon wgohg tgdor f`tgdrs gì iejd tgdy gì te eatòj

frdsg sddi frem eutsoid oj eridr te st`rt huntov`toej `bòj* Ay tgd

tomd wgdj Ertgeiex Hgrosto`joty w`s rd-sewj oj tgd A`nl`j

Sdjojsun` oj tgd jojtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. tgd seon gì

addj nyojb f`nnew fer merd tg`j tgrdd hdjturods ; tg`t os te s`y. fer

àeut twohd `s nejb `s tgd seon ef Arotòj gì addj nyojb f`nnew `t

tgd tomd wgdj @ubustojd w`s sdjt ej gos mossoej ay Brdbery tgd

Brd`t* Ygus tgd rdboej oj wgohg tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`-

toej dstànosgdi ots sdheji hdjtrd ef br`voty w`s breuji wgohg gìrdhdjtny addj rdhnòmdi id jeve frem tgd wonidrjdss*

@s fer tgd tgori hdjtrd ef br`voty oj Qusso`. tgdrd os je jddi te

nàeur tgd peojt* Ygd effsgeet ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem wgohg

w`s tr`jspn`jtdi te Qusso` oj tgd tdjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j

Dr` w`s prep`b`tdi tgdrd oj vorboj seon ej wgohg je hovonoz`toej gì

dvdr brewj adferd< `ji tgos jdw Qusso`j effsgeet ef Ertgeiex

Hgrostdjiem w`s sdp`r`tdi frem tgd mòj aeiy ay ` ieuand

a`rrodr ef sd` `ji stdppd*1

Qusso` w`s jdw breuji wotg `

0 Ygd survov`n ef ` Qem`jhd n`jbu`bd `mejb tgd meujtòjs ef Xeutg-D`stdrj

Durepd. frem tgd H`rp`tgo`js te tgd Sojius. h`jjet prepdrny ad rdb`ridi `s ` tr`hd ef tgdN`toj vdrsoej ef tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej m tgd A`nl`j Sdjojsun`< fer tgd survov`n ef tgd

n`jbu`bd ioi jet h`rry wotg ot `jy survov`n ef tgd hunturd ef wgohg tgos n`jbu`bd gì ejhdaddj tgd vdgohnd* Ygd stonn N`toj-spd`lojb `ji stonn jemoj`nny Hgrosto`j Vn`hgs `jiQum`js gì te ad hejvdrtdi. oj "tgd Moiind @bds". te tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`-

toej id jeve. kust nold tgd hejtdmper`ry Aunb`rs `ji Kubesn`vs. wge wdrd p`b`j a`r-a`ro`js spd`lojb eutn`jiosg tejbuds*

1 @t tgd prdsdjt tomd. tgd iemòj ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem oj Qusso` `ji ots iemòjoj tgd A`nl`j Sdjojsun` `rd bdebr`pgoh`nny osen`tdi frem ejd `jetgdr je nejbdr* Ygd




vdjbd`jhd< `ji ot os jetdwertgy tg`t. oj Qusso`. tgd Ertgeiex

Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej g`s fneurosgdi wotg `j dxuadr`jhd wgohg

st`jis eut oj hejtr`st te ots stròjdi `ji stujtdi brewtg dnsd-

wgdrd*

Ot os stonn merd rdm`rlànd te easdrvd tg`t wgond tgd hdjtrd ef

br`voty ef tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej g`s sgoftdi twohd oj

tgd heursd ef Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j gostery. ot g`s jdvdr nòj oj tgd

gemdn`ji ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej oj tgd @dbd`j

`rd`. `ntgeubg tgos `rd` g`s addj ojhnuidi oj tgd iemòj ef Ertge-

iex Hgrostdjiem frem forst te n`st* Oj tgd d`rny `bd eftgd Ertgeiex

Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej. wgdj ots hdjtrd ef br`voty n`y ej tgd

@j`teno`j Sn`tdù. tgd @dbd`j frejt`bd ef @j`teno`. wgohg gì

pn`ydi ` ndìojb rend oj tgd d`rny `bd ef tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej.

w`s pdrg`ps tgd nd`st ompert`jt iostroht oj tgd @so`toh pdjojsun`*0

@bòj. sojhd tgd hdjtrd ef br`voty ef tgd mòj aeiy ef Ertgeiex

Hgrostdjiem g`s sgoftdi te tgd Durepd`j soid ef tgd Xtròts. ot g`s

jerm`nny nòj ej tgd n`jiw`ri `ji jet ej tgd sd`w`ri soid ef

X`nejoh`* Oj f`ht. pdjojsun`r Brddhd. wgohg w`s tgd gua ef tgd

Gdnndjoh ujovdrsd `ftdr tgd prom`hy gì ejhd p`ssdi frem Oejo`. g`s

jdvdr pn`ydi ` premojdjt p`rt oj Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j gostery dxhdpt

ej twe ehh`soejs ejd oj tgd "mdiodv`n" `ji tgd etgdr oj tgd"meidrj" `bd ef Rdstdrj gostery wgdj Brddhd g`s sdrvdi `s `

Qum`jo`j Ertgeiex Hgrosto`js ef tgd A`nl`j `rd` jew m`rhg wotg tgdor Tlròjo`j he-

rdnoboejosts ef tgd Qusso`j `rd` `nejb ` nojd dxtdjiojb frem tgd Hdjtr`n H`rp`tgo`js

tgreubg tgd Aulevoj` `ji Adss`rào` te tgd An`hl Xd` he`st* Ygos bdebr`pgoh`n hej-

tojuoty adtwddj tgd Qusso`j `ji tgd A`nl`j iemòjs ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem ieds jet.

gewdvdr. i`td a`hl f`rtgdr tg`j tgddobgtddjtg hdjtury*

Ygd twe iemòjs wdrd sdp`r`tdifrem ejd `jetgdr ay `j eutnyojb strop ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd ujton `ftdr tgd Qusse-

Yurlosg R`r ef @*I* 0267-29 Ot w`s ejny oj tgd sdqudn te tgos w`r. wgdj tgd jertg

he`st ef tgd An`hl Xd` `ji ots wgend gojtdrn`ji wdrd `jjdxdi te tgd Qusso`j Dmpord.tg`t tgos ojsun`tojb strop ef stdppd w`s hnd`rdi ef tgd n`st ef ots Jemìoh p`ster`n tdj`jts

`ji w`s henejozdi wotg `j `brohuntur`n pepun`toej ef Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j pd`s`jts*Ygos w`s tgd foj`n st`bd oj ` brìu`n hejvdrbojb djhre`hgmdjt ef tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j

pd`s`jt"s pneubgn`ji upej tgd Musnom er p`b`j gdrism`j"s h`ttnd-r`jbd wgohg gì

addj oj prebrdss sojhd tgd Qum`j poejddrs gì idshdjidi oj tgd feurtddjtg hdjturyfrem tgd Yr`jsynv`jo`j gobgn`jis ojte tgd pnòjs ef R`nn`hgo` `ji Meni`vo`. `ji sojhd

tgd [`perebo`j Hess`hls gì dstànosgdi tgdmsdnvds `s tgdy ioi `t àeut tgd s`md i`td

ej tgdor osn`ji-fertrdss oj tgd Qovdr Imdpr* 'Xdd OO* I 'v/. pp* 049-2. adnew*/ Oj

tgd tdjtg hdjtury. gewdvdr. tgos djhre`hgmdjt gì jet ydt adbuj* @t tg`t tomd. tgd

p`b`j Yurlosg Sdhgdjdbs wdrd p`sturojb tgdor fnehls ej vorboj stdppd-n`ji frem tgd

a`jls ef tgd Iej te tgd Orej B`tds ef tgd I`juad wotgeut ojtdrruptoej Ygd Ertgeiex

Hgrosto`j mossoej`rods wge h`rrodi tgd sddis ef tgdor hovonoz`toej te Qusso` heuni ejny

oh`hg tgos jdw fodni ay f`hojb tgd pdrons ef sd` `ji stdppd oj suhhdssoej* Ygdy gì forst te

tr`vdn ay sgop frem Hejst`jtojepnd te tgd Hromd`. `ji tgdjhd te pohl tgdor w`y `hress

tgd epdj pròrod. wgdrd tgdy wdrd `t tgd mdrhy ef tgd Sdhgdjdbs ujton tgdy feuji s`fdty`t n`st oj tgd seutgdrj eutslorts ef tgd Qusso`j ferdsts*

+ Rgdj tgd D`st Qem`j @rmy w`s hejhdjtr`tdi oj @j`teno` iurojb tgd monot`ry hrosos

preiuhdi ay tgd Sdoso`j `ji @rà ojv`soejs oj tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j

Dr`. tgos iostroht w`s `ssobjdi te tgd Ygr`hdjso`j @rmy Herps. wgohg w`s pdrm`jdjtnywotgir`wj frem tgd Durepd`j iostroht frem wgohg ot idrovdi ots j`md `ji w`s st`toejdi

gdrd oj Rdstdrj @j`teno` oj eridr te suppert tgd @j`tenoh @rmy Herps. wgohg gì addj

wotgir`wj frem Xyro` ej te tgd @j`teno`j Sn`tdù* Ygd @j`tenoho wdrd tgd frejt-nojd

treeps< tgd Ygr`hdjsds wdrd mdrd rdsdrvds* @hheriojbny. tgd Ygr`hdjso`j iostroht w`s

gttnd `hheujtdi ef. wgdrd`s tgd @j`tenoh iostroht. oj hejkujhtoej wotg tgd @rmdjo`h.

sw`ydi tgd idstojods ef tgd D`st Qem`j Dmpord*

OO B




R`tdrb`td tgreubg wgohg Rdstdrj ojfnudjhd g`s ferhdi `j djtry

ojte tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Rerni* 0

Yurjojb jew te Gdnndjoh gostery. ndt us `sl eur qudstoej `prepes

ef tgd twe rdboejs wgohg '`s wd g`vd kust easdrvdi oj p`ssojb/

suhhdssovdny gdni tgd prom`hy oj tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni* Rgdj tgd

Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej fnewdrdi ej tgd @j`teno`j he`st ef tgd @dbd`j`ji `ftdrw`ris ej tgd Durepd`j Brddl pdjojsun`. w`s ot ej jdw

breuji er ej eni breuji tg`t tgos fnewdrojb teel pn`hd 5 Ot w`s ej

jdw breuji. gdrd `bòj <fer jdotgdr ef tgdsd rdboejs gì nòj wotgoj

tgd eroboj`n gemd ef tgd `jtdhdidjt Moje`j Hovonoz`toej. te wgohg

tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej w`s rdn`tdi* Ej tgd Durepd`j Brddl

pdjojsun`.tgd Moje`j

Hovonoz`toej.dvdj `t ots woidst dxtdjsoej oj

ots n`tdst `bd. gì gdni je merd tg`j ` hgòj ef fertofodi pesotoejs

`nejb tgd seutgdrj `ji d`stdrj he`st-nojds*8 Ej tgd @j`teno`j he`st

ef tgd @dbd`j. tgd fònurd ef eur meidrj Rdstdrj `rhg`denebosts

te foji tr`hds ef tgd prdsdjhd. er dvdj ojfnudjhd. ef tgd Moje`j

Hovonoz`toej g`s addj se sobj`n tg`t ot h`j g`riny ad `ttroautdi te

hg`jhd. aut sddms r`tgdr te ojioh`td tg`t fer semd rd`sej tgos

he`st `htu`nny ioi jet hemd wotgoj tgd Moje`js" r`jbd*8 @s f`r `s

wd ljew. tgd forst sdttndrs frem tgd @dbd`j te ehhupy tgd wdst

he`st ef @j`teno` dffdhtovdny wdrd tgesd rdfubdds ef Moje`j hunturd

`ji Brddl spddhg wge wdrd irovdj tgotgdr. `s n`td `s tgd twdnftg

hdjtury A*H*. oj tgd s`md foj`n hejvunsoej ef tgd pest-Moje`j

Venldrw`jidrujb tg`t irevd tgd Sgonostojds ej te tgd he`st ef

Xyro`*9 Ygdsd wdrd tgd feujidrs ef @denos `ji Oejo`< `ji tgus

Gdnndjosm fnewdrdi forst ej seon wgohg tgd `jtdhdidjt hovonoz`toej

gì jdvdr sdroeusny huntov`tdi* Merdevdr. wgdj tgd sddis wdrd

sh`ttdrdi àreì frem Oejo` ojte etgdr p`rts ef tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni.

tgd Oejoh seon ej wgohg tgdy fnewdrdi jdxt w`s tgd stejy breuji ef

@ttoh` ej tgd eppesotd soid ef tgd @dbd`j* Ygdy ioi jet bdrmoj`tdoj tgd Hyhnìds ; tgd Oejoh osn`jis wgohg steei. nold stdppojb-stejds.adtwddj tgd Oejoh mòjn`jis oj @so` `ji oj Durepd* Ygreubg tgd

wgend heursd ef Gdnndjoh gostery tgd Hyhnìoh osn`jidrs pn`ydi `

suaerioj`td rend `s gumand sdrv`jts ef tgd suhhdssovd m`stdrs ef tgd

sd`* Ygos os rdm`rlànd. sojhd tgd Hyhnìds gì addj ejd ef tgd

twe feho ef tgd `jtdhdidjt Moje`j Hovonoz`toej* Ygd etgdr Moje`j

fehus. ef heursd. w`s Hrdtd< `ji tgd rend pn`ydi oj Gdnndjoh gostery

ay Hrdtd os dvdj merd surprosojb*

+ Ygd forst ef tgdsd twe ferhoand djtrods w`s tgd monot`ry hejqudst ef pdjojsun`r Brddhd

ay tgd N`tojs. iurojb `ji `ftdr tgd se-h`nndi "Feurtg Hrusìd"* Ygd sdheji w`s tgdojfontr`toej ef meidrj Rdstdrj oid`s wgohg adb`j tew`ris tgd dji ef tgd sdvdjtddjtg

hdjtury `ji h`md te ` gdì penotoh`nny. semd gujirdi `ji fofty yd`rs n`tdr. oj tgd BrddlR`r ef Ojidpdjidjhd wgohg areld eut oj @*I* 0710*

` Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. @jjdx OO. ven o. àevd*8 Ej tgos peojt. sdd O* H 'o/ 'a/. ven* o. p* ?4. àevd*+ Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 033-1. àevd*




Hrdtd mobgt g`vd addj dxpdhtdi te rdtòj ots seho`n ompert`jhdjet ejny fer gosteroh`n rd`sejs. `s tgd pn`hd oj wgohg tgd Moje`jHovonoz`toej gì `ttòjdi ots hunmoj`toej. aut fer bdebr`pgoh`n

rd`sejs `s wdnn* Hrdtd w`s ay f`r tgd n`rbdst osn`ji oj tgd @dbd`j@rhgopdn`be. `ji ot n`y `tgw`rt twe ef tgd mest ompert`jt sd`-

reutds oj tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni* Dvdry sgop tg`t sòndi frem tgd

Sdor`dus fer Xohony gì te p`ss adtwddj tgd wdstdrj dji ef Hrdtd

`ji N`hejo`< dvdry sgop tg`t sòndi frem tgd Sdor`dus fer Dbyptgì te p`ss adtwddj tgd d`stdrj dji ef Hrdtd `ji Qgeids* _dt.

wgdrd`s N`hejo` `ji Qgeids d`hg pn`ydi ` ndìojb p`rt oj Gdnndjoh

gostery. Hrdtd rdmòjdi `neef. eashurd `ji adjobgtdi frem forst

te n`st* Rgond Gdnn`s `nn `reuji w`sbovojb

aortg te st`tdsmdj

`ji pedts `ji `rtosts `ji pgonesepgdrs. tgd osn`ji wgohg gì ejhd

addj tgd gemd ef tgd Moje`j Hovonoz`toej jew ardi jetgojb merd

rdputànd tg`j mdiohojd-mdj `ji mdrhdj`rods `ji por`tds< `ji

tgeubg tgd brd`tjdss ef Moje`j Hrdtd gì ndft ots omprdss upej tgd

Gdnndjoh Mytgeneby oj tgd fànds ef Mojes tgd tg`n`ssehr`t `ji gos

aretgdr Qgì`m`jtgys. tgd kuibd ef tgd idì. tgos ioi jet s`vd tgd

n`ttdr-i`y Hrdt`j sh`pdbr`hd frem adhemojb ` Gdnndjoh ayweri*

Ojiddi. gd g`s p`ssdi kuibdmdjt ej gomsdnf oj tgd sejb ef Gyaro`s0

`ji oj ` gdx`mdtdr wgohg g`s addj dmadiidi. nold ` fny oj `madr.

oj tgd h`jej ef Hgrosto`j Xhropturd* "Ejd ef tgdmsdnvds. dvdj `

prepgdt ef tgdor ewj. sòi; Ygd Hrdto`js `rd `nw`ys no`rs. dvon

ad`sts. snew adnnods* :1 Ygus dvdj tgd @pestnd ef tgd Bdjtonds

dxhdptdi tgd Gdnndjds ef Hrdtd frem tgd hg`roty wgohg gd adstewdi

upej Gdnndjds oj bdjdr`n*8

Ndt us `sl eur qudstoej ejhd `bòj tgos tomd oj rdb`ri te tgd

F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej wgohg os "`ffono`tdi" te tgd Xojoh Hovonoz`toej*

@t wg`t peojts oj ots iemòj g`s tgos F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej

sgewj tgd brd`tdst vobeur 5 Ygd K`p`jdsd `ji tgd H`jtejdsd st`ji

eut ujmost`làny `s ots mest vobereus rdprdsdjt`tovds te-i`y< `ji

aetg tgdsd pdepnds g`vd sprujb frem seon wgohg os jdw breuji `ji

jet eni breuji frem tgd st`jipeojt ef F`r D`stdrj gostery* @s

rdb`ris tgd seutg-d`stdrj sdàe`ri ef Hgoj`. wd g`vd jetohdi oj `j

d`rnodr hg`ptdr+ tg`t ot w`s jet ojherper`tdi ojte tgd iemòj ef tgd

+ @j Djbnosg tr`jsn`toej ef tgd Xejb ef Gyaro`s. ay Bonadrt Murr`y. wonn ad feuji

adnew

mS`rt OOO*

@.ven*

oj. ej p 72.feetjetd o*

1 Ygd Dpostnd ef Sùn te Yotus. hg* o. v* 01* Ygd gdx`mdtdr gdrd quetdi rujs oj Brddl ;

Lp-fkrds `ht 3h5`r>u. LHNLE* Aypn`.. y``rdpds `pyet*

Fer tgd eroboj`n hejtdxt ef tgos vdrsd oj tgd pedm h`nndi "Mojes" wgohg w`s `ttroautdi

te tgd Hrdt`j "prepgdt" Dpomdjoids. sdd O H 'o/ '/. ven* o. p ??. feetjetd 1*

8 Ygd Hrdt`js g`vd jet ferbovdj Xt* Sùn fer ommert`nozojb tgdor onn rdputd. `ji tgdyg`vd r`hldi tgdor aròjs te turj tgd p`ss`bd ef Xhropturd oj wgohg tgdy `rd ponnerodi te tgd

@pestnd"s ewj ioshrdiot* Rgdj tgd prdsdjt wrotdr w`s tr`vdnnojb oj Hrdtd oj tgd yd`r

0?01. ` Hrdt`j pd`s`jt ìkurdi gom oj `nn sdroeusjdss te iosheujt Sùn"s tdstomejy ej tgd

breuji tg`t Sùn w`s ` ao`sdi wotjdss* Ej adojb `sldi wg`t gì bovdj Sùn gos `jto-

Hrdt`j ao`s. tgd pd`s`jt dxpnòjdi tg`t ` Hodt`j gì ejhd bet tgd adttdr ef Sùn oj `

ausojdss tr`js`htoej! , Oj O* H 'o/ '4/. ven* o. p* ?3. feetjetd 1*




"`pp`rdjtdhY Xojoh Xehodty ujton tgd n`st pg`sd ef Xojoh gostery. `ji

dvdj tgdj ejny ej tgd supdrfoho`n pn`jd ef penotohs. `s ` frejtodr

prevojhd ef tgd Dmpord ef tgd G`j. wgohg w`s tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n

st`td* Ots ojgàot`jts rdmòjdia`ra`ro`js<

`ji tgdor suhhdssers

oj tgd feur meidrj Hgojdsd prevojhds ef Lw`jbtujb. Lw`jbso.

Fulodj. `ji Hgdlo`jb tdstofy. oj tgd jemdjhn`turd wgohg tgdy

dmpney. tg`t tgdy hnòm je p`rt er net oj tgd hg`ptdr ef gostery

wgohg tgd G`j Iyj`sty areubgt te ` hnesd* Ygdy rdsobj tgd

bneroeus j`md ef "G`j pdepnd" te tgdor jdobgaeurs oj tgd a`sojs ef

tgd _`jbtsd `ji tgd _dnnew Qovdr. `ji usd tgd j`md ef "Y"`jb

pdepnd" te idsobj`td tgdmsdnvds* Oj tgos idsobj`toej tgdy sobjofy

tg`t tgdor ewj gostery ioi jet adboj ujton tgd F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`-

toej gì `nrdìy dmdrbdi frem tgd pest-Xojoh ojtdrrdbjum < fer tgd

nojd`mdjts ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej gì t`ldj sg`pd adferd

tgd hnesd ef tgd foftg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. wgdrd`s tgd Y"`jb

Iyj`sty w`s jet feujidi ujton @*I* 607* Ygus tgd feur prevojhds

ef Hgoj` Srepdr wgohg `rd jew tgd mest vobereus `ji prebrdssovd`rd tgd feur oj wgohg tgd F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej g`s areldj jdw

breuji* @s fer tgd K`p`jdsd @rhgopdn`be. tgd effsgeet ef tgd F`r

D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej wgohg w`s tr`jspn`jtdi tgotgdr. ay w`y ef

Lerd`. oj tgd soxtg `ji sdvdjtg hdjturods ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr` w`sprep`b`tdi tgdrd ej breuji wgdrd tgdrd w`s je tr`hd ef `jy prd-voeus hunturd* Ygd strejb brewtg ef tgos effsgeet ef tgd F`r D`stdrj

Hovonoz`toej ej tgd vorboj seon ef K`p`j os hemp`rànd te tgd brewtgef tgd effsgeet ef tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`toej wgohg w`s

tr`jspn`jtdi frem tgd @j`teno`j Sn`tdù te tgdvorboj seon ef Qusso`* 0

Ygd Xpdho`n Xtomunus ef Mobr`toej Evdrsd`s

Ygos survdy ef tgd rdn`tovd fdrtonoty ef eni breuji `ji jdw

breuji. `s dxdmpnofodi oj tgd gosterods ef sdvdj "rdn`tdi" hovonoz`-

toejs. g`s bovdj us ` hdrtòj dmporoh`n suppert1 fer tgd iehtrojd

wgohg os ompnohot oj tgd mytgs ef tgd Dxeius `ji tgd Dxpunsoej ;

tgd iehtrojd tg`t tgd erid`n ef ard`lojb jdw breuji g`s `j ojtrojsoh

stomun`tojb dffdht* Adferd p`ssojb ej frem tgd pgysoh`n te tgd

gum`j djvorejmdjt. ndt us pùsd te bn`jhd `t hdrtòj onnustr`toejs

ay wgohg tgd ferdbeojb dmporoh`n dvoidjhd m`y ad rdojferhdi*

Ygdsd ìiotoej`n onnustr`toejs hejform tgd vodw wgohg os sub-

bdstdi aytgd ujusu`n

vot`notyef tgd

Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j Hovonoz`-toej oj Qusso` `ji ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej oj K`p`j tg`t

tgd stomun`tojb dffdht ef ard`lojb jdw breuji os brd`tdst ef `nn wgdjtgd jdw breuji h`j ejny ad rd`hgdi ay hressojb tgd sd`*

Ygd spdho`n stomunus ojgdrdjt oj tr`jsm`rojd henejoz`toej `ppd`rs0 Xdd pp* 7e-r. àevd*z Fer ` idfdjhd ef tgos dmporoh`n dvoidjhd `bòjst ` pessoand hrotohosm. sdd OO* I 'm/.

@jjdx. adnew*




vdry hnd`rny oj tgd gostery ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j iurojb tgd forst g`nf

ef tgd n`st monndjjoum A*H*. wgdj tgd Rdstdrj A`soj ef tgd Mdiotdr-

r`jd`j w`s adojb henejozdihempdtotovdny ay m`rotomd poejddrs

rdprdsdjtojb tgrdd ioffdrdjt hovonoz`toejs oj tgd Ndv`jt* Ot `ppd`rs.fer ojst`jhd. oj tgd idbrdd te wgohg tgd twe brd`tdst ef tgdsd

henejo`n feuji`toejs Xyro`h H`rtg`bd `ji Gdnndjoh Xyr`husd-d`hg eutstroppdi ots

p`rdjt-hoty*0

H`rtg`bd iw`rfdi Yyrd oj tgd

venumd `ji v`nud ef gdr hemmdrhd. `ji ej tgos dhejemoh a`sos sgd

auont up ` penotoh`n dmpord te wgohg tgd p`rdjt-hoty ioi jet `ji

heuni jet `spord* Xyr`husd noldwosd iw`rfdi gdr p`rdjt Herojtg oj

penotoh`n pewdr. `ji pdrg`ps dvdj merd sobj`nny oj tgd hejtroautoej

wgohg sgd mìd te Gdnndjoh hunturd*@bòj.

tgd@hg`d`j

henejods

oj M`bj` Br`dho` adh`md ausy sd`ts ef Gdnndjoh hemmdrhd `ji

ojiustry. `ji aronno`jt hdjtrds ef Gdnndjoh tgeubgt. `s d`rny `s tgd

soxtg hdjtury A*H*. wgdrd`s tgd p`rdjt @hg`d`j hemmujotods `nejbtgd jertgdrj he`st ef tgd Sdnepejjdsd rdmòjdi oj ` a`hlw`tdr

eutsoid tgd mòj strd`m ef Gdnndjoh gostery fer tgrdd merd

hdjturods. `ji ejny dmdrbdi frem tgos nejb eashuroty `ftdr tgd

Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej gì p`ssdi ots zdjotg* @s fer tgd Nehro`js.

wge wdrd tgd @hg`d`js" jdobgaeurs ej aetg soids ef tgd Oejo`j

Xd`. ot w`s ejny tgd Dpozdpgyro`j Nehro`js. oj tgdor tr`jsm`rojd

sdttndmdjt oj Ot`ny. wge dvdr iostojbuosgdi tgdmsdnvds `t `nn* YgdNehro`js ef Hejtojdjt`n Brddhd rdmòjdi eashurd frem forst te n`st*

Ygd mest strolojb h`sd ef `nn os tg`t ef tgd Dtrush`js.1 wge wdrd

tgd tgori p`rty hempdtojb wotg tgd Brddls `ji tgd Sgedjoho`js

fer tgd henejoz`toej ef tgdRdstdrj Mdiotdrr`jd`j* Oj tgos hempdto-

toej. tgd Dtrush`js dffdhtovdny gdni tgdor ewj* Ygdor henejods ej

tgd wdst he`st ef Ot`ny wdrd hemp`rànd. oj sozd `ji jumadr. te tgd

Brddl henejods oj M`bj` Br`dho` `ji Xohony `ji te tgd Sgedjoho`j

henejods oj @froh` `ji Xpòj< `ji tgd Dtrush`j henejosts. ujnold

dotgdr tgd Sgedjoho`js er tgd Brddls. wdrd jet hejtdjt te rdmòj

wotgoj sobgt ef tgd sd` `hress wgohg tgdy gì hemd* Ygdy pusgdiferw`ri frem tgd wdst he`st ef Ot`ny ojte tgd ojtdroer wotg `j in`j

wgohg h`rrodi tgdm ej `hress tgd @ppdjjojds `ji `hress tgd Se.

ujton tgdor eutpests g`ntdi `t n`st `t tgd feet ef tgd @nps* @t tgd

s`md tomd. tgdsd henejo`n Dtrush`js rdmòjdi oj hnesd hejt`ht wotg

tgdor Brddl `ji Sgedjoho`j rov`ns < `ji tgeubg tgos hejt`ht brìu-

`nny irdw tgdm ojte tgd `maot eftgd Gdnndjoh Xehodty `ji dvdjtu`nny

rdsuntdi oj tgdor adojb ojherper`tdi ojte tgd Gdnndjoh aeiy seho`n.

tgos huntur`n "hejvdrsoej" ojhrd`sdi r`tgdr tg`j iomojosgdi tgd

ompert`jhd ef tgdor pesotoej oj tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j Rerni* Ygus

0@s. oj tgd meidrj Durepd`j henejoz`toej ef Jertg @mdroh`. Aestej oj M`ss`hgu-

sdtts g`s eutstroppdi ots p`rdjt-tewj oj Nojhenjsgord. `ji Jdw _erl `ji Jdw Ernd`js

g`vd eutstroppdi tgd twe hotods oj Djbn`ji `ji Fr`jhd `ftdr wgohg tgdy `rd rdspdhtovdny

j`mdi. ` Xdd O* H'o/ '6/. ven* o. p* 009. feetjetd 8. wotg @jjdx OO. àevd*




tgd Dtrush`j henejods oj Ot`ny `rd onnumoj`tdi ay tgd funn nobgt ef

gostery< `ji wd `rd `nse jet wotgeut dvoidjhd ef `j àertovd

Dtrush`j henejo`n djtdrprosd oj `jetgdr qu`rtdr ; ` i`rojb aut ujsuh-

hdssfun `ttdmpt te hempdtd wotg tgd Brddls. oj Brddl gemd w`tdrs.fer tgd m`stdry ef tgd I`ri`jdnnds `ji fer tgd hemm`ji ef tgd

An`hl Xd`* 0Ot os tgd merd rdm`rlànd tg`t tgd Dtrush`j gemdn`ji

oj tgd Ndv`jt. wgohg sdjt eut evdrsd`s tgd Dtrush`j henejosts ef

Ot`ny `ji tgd Dtrush`j henejosts ef Ndmjes. sgeuni ad `j gosteroh`n

tdrr` ojhebjot`* Je gosteroh`n rdheri ef ots dx`ht neh`toej survovds<

`ji jetgojb h`j ad auont ej tgd Gdnndjoh ndbdji tg`t tgd Dtrush`js

h`md frem Nyio`*1 Rd g`vd te ad hejtdjt wotg tgd ljewndibd.

suppnodi aytgd rdheris ef "tgd Jdw

Dmpord"ef

Dbypt.tg`t tgd

`jhdsters ef tgd Dtrush`js. nold tgd `jhdsters ef tgd @hg`d`js. teel

p`rt oj tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb <`ji oj tgd prdsumptoej

tg`t tgd perts frem wgohg tgd idshdji`jts ef tgesd enidr Dtrush`j

sd`-ròidrs `ftdrw`ris sdt sòn te m`ld tgdor fertujds oj tgd wdst n`y

semdwgdrd ej tgd @so`toh he`st ef tgd Ndv`jt oj tgd je-m`j"s-n`ji

adtwddj Brddl Xoid `ji Sgedjoho`j @rìus* Ygos surprosojb b`poj tgd gosteroh`n rdheri h`j ejny md`j ejd tgojb;

8j`mdny. tg`t tgd

Dtrush`js wge st`ydi `t gemd jdvdr ioi `jytgojb wertg rdheriojb*

Ygd `stejosgojb hejtr`st adtwddj tgd jejdjtoty ef tgd Dtrush`js `t

gemd `ji tgdor dmojdjhd evdrsd`s bovds tgd md`surd eftgd stomunus

wgohg tgdy must g`vd rdhdovdi oj tgd prehdss ef tr`jsm`rojd

henejoz`toej*

Ygd stomun`tojb dffdht ef hressojb tgd sd` os pdrg`ps brd`tdst ef

`nn oj ` tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej wgohg ehhurs oj tgd heursd ef `

Venldrw`jidrujb*Xuhg ehhurrdjhds sddm te ad ujhemmej* Ygd ejny ojst`jhds

wgohg tgd wrotdr ef tgos Xtuiy h`j h`nn te moji `rd tgd mobr`toej ef

tgd Yduhro`js. @deno`js. nejo`js. `ji Iero`js `hress tgd @dbd`j te

tgd wdst he`st ef @j`teno` `ji tgd mobr`toej ef tgd Yduhro`js `ji

Sgonostojds reuji tgd d`stdrj dji ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j te tgd he`st

ef Xyro` oj tgd heursd ef tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb< tgd

mobr`toej ef tgd @jbnds `ji Kutds `hress tgd Jertg Xd` te Arotòj oj

tgd heursd ef tgd pest-Gdnndjoh Venldrw`jidrujb <tgd hejsdqudjt

mobr`toej ef tgd Herj`voo `ji etgdr Arotejs `hress tgd Hg`jjdn te

tgd @rmeroh`j Sdjojsun` ef Bùn < tgd hejtdmper`ry mobr`toej eftgd Orosg Xhets `hress tgd Jertg Hg`jjdn te tgd herjdr ef Jertg

Arotòj tg`t os jew h`nndi @rbynn<9 `ji tgd mobr`toejs ef tgd

0 Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. @jjdx OO. oj ven o. àevd*+ Ygos ndbdji m`y g`vd je adttdr a`sos tg`j tgd jet vdry hnesd rdsdman`jhd adtwddj

twe prepdr j`mds ; Yyrrgdjeo `ji Yerrgdaeo*8 S`hd tgesd meidrj Rdstdrj shgen`rs wge t`ld tgos te md`j tg`t tgd Dtrush`js ef

Ot`ny wdrd dotgdr+

ùtehgtgejeus+

Ot`no`js er dnsd ommobr`jts. ay `j evdrn`ji reutd.frem tgd ojtdroer ef tgd Durepd`j Hejtojdjt*

9 Xdd OO* I 'v/. p 0?9. `ji OO* I 'voo/. pp* 818-9. adnew*




Xh`jioj`vo`js oj tgd heursd eftgd Venldrw`jidrujbwgohg fennewdi

tgd àertovd dveh`toej ef ` bgest ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord ay tgd

H`renojbo`js*0 Ygos Xh`jioj`vo`j Venldrw`jidrujb teel pn`hd

`nmest djtordny ay sd`. `ji tgos oj sdvdr`n iordhtoejs ;

frem Jerw`y`hress tgd Jertg @tn`jtoh te tgd Xgdtn`jis `ji Erljdys `ji tgdjhd

ay w`y ef tgd Gdaroids te Ordn`ji `ji ay w`y ef tgd F`reds te

Ohdn`ji< frem Idjm`rl `hress tgd Jertg Xd` te Djbn`ji< frem

dotgdr Jerw`y er Idjm`rl iewj tgd Djbnosg Hg`jjdn te Jer-

m`jiy< `ji frem Xwdidj `hress tgd A`ntoh te Qusso`*

Ygd Sgonostojd mobr`toej. `s wd g`vd easdrvdi `t `j d`rnodr peojtoj tgos hg`ptdr.

1 h`md te ` st`jistonn oj `j d`sy djvorejmdjt wgohg

preiuhdi`

seperofoh

dffdht

upejtgd

ommobr`jts`ftdr

tgdygì

sdttndi iewj<`ji tgos sdqudn weuni `ppd`r te g`vd jdutr`nozdi `jy

stomun`tojb dffdht tg`t m`y g`vd addj preiuhdi ay tgd prdvoeus

sd`-p`ss`bd*8 Ygd Arotosg mobr`toej. noldwosd. `ppd`rs te g`vd

preiuhdi je `pprdhoànd stomun`tojb dffdht te kuibd ay tgd r`tgdr

ujiostojbuosgdi suasdqudjt gostery ef tgd Ardtejs `ji tgos oj

spotd ef tgd f`hts tg`t tgd jdw Hejtojdjt`n Arott`jy w`s idhoidiny

` g`ri heujtry. `ji tg`t tgd jdw-hemdrs frem evdrsd`s ioi jet

dstànosg tgdor feetojb tgdrd wotgeut g`vojb te djheujtdr `ji evdr-

hemd ` hejsoidrànd rdsost`jhd. aetg frem tgd Qem`j Hgurhg `ji

frem tgd Sr`jlosg "suhhdsser-st`td+ ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord*9 Oj tgd

etgdr feur ojst`jhds. gewdvdr tg`t os te s`y. oj tgd tr`jsm`rojd

mobr`toejs ef tgd nejo`js. tgd @jbnds. tgd Xhets. `ji tgd Xh`jio-

j`vo`js wd h`j ioshdrj hdrtòj strolojb pgdjemdj` wgohg g`vd `j

ojjdr hejjdxoej wotg ejd `jetgdr `ji wgohg `ppd`r oj hejkujh-

toej. oj d`hg ojst`jhd. wotg sojbun`r ujofermoty. wgond tgdy `rd jet

te ad feuji oj tgd f`r merd jumdreus ojst`jhds ef mobr`toej evdr-

n`ji* Hejsoidrojb tg`t tgd feur mobr`toejs oj qudstoej g`vdehhurrdi quotd ojidpdjidjtny ef ejd `jetgdr `t woid ojtdrv`ns ef

tomd `ji pn`hd.4 wd m`y vdjturd. pdrg`ps. te bdjdr`nozd frem tgdm

+ Fer tgd àertovd Xh`jioj`vo`j Hovonoz`toej. sdd OO I 'voo/. pp* 893-63. adnew* Fer

tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j Gdreoh @bd. eut ef wgohg tgd àertovd Xh`jioj`vo`j Hovonoz`toej fòndi

te hemd te aortg. sdd S`rt VOOO. adnew* Fer tgd àertovd H`renmbo`j bgest ef tgd Qem`j

Dmpord. sdd S`rt W. adnew*+ Xdd pp* 9?-40. àevd*8 Merdevdr. tgd Sgonostojd mobr`toej w`s ejny m`rotomd oj p`rt Ygd fnetonn` wgohg

slortdi tgd @so`toh he`st w`s `hhemp`jodi ay ` tròj ef ex-h`rts oj wgohg tgd wemdj `ji

hgonirdj `ji beeis ef tgd mobr`jt gerid wdrd tr`jspertdi evdrn`ji*

9 Ygd fònurd ef tgd Ardtejs te iostojbuosg tgdmsdnvds os tgd merd rdm`rlànd wgdjwd hejsoidr tg`t tgdor mobr`toej `hress tgd Hg`jjdn oj tgd pest-Gdnndjoh Venldr-

w`jihrujb os tgd dx`ht `j`nebud ef tgd mobr`toej ef tgd @deg`js `ji nejo`js `hress tgd

@dbd`j oj tgd pest-Moje`j Venlhow`jidrujb* Ygd Hejtojdjt`n Ardtejs. nold tgd @so`toh

@heno`js `ji nejo`js. `rd tgd evdrsd`s idshdji`jts ef rdfubdd rdprdsdjt`tovds ef tgd

`jtdhdidjt hovonoz`toej wge g`vd addj iosneibdi ay tgd ojhemojb a`ra`ro`js* Ygdy `rd

jet tgd evdrsd`s idshdji`jts ef tgd a`ra`ro`js tgdmsdnvds. nold tgd @jbnds `ji tgd

Iero`js* Oj tgd gostery ef tgd @deg`js `ji nejo`js. tgd hemaoj`toej ef tgd stomunus ef

tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej wotg tgd `ssdt ef `j ojgdrotdi hunturd g`s. ef heursd. sgewj otsdnf

p`rtohun`rny petdjts Rotg tgd dxhdptoej ef tgd Djbnosg `ji tgd Xhettosg mobr`toejs. wgohg wdrd hej-

tdmper`ry oj i`td tgeubg bdebr`pgoh`nny osen`tdi frem ejd `jetgdr*




te tgd dxtdjt ef rdb`riojb tgesd pgdjemdj` wgohg `rd hemmej te

`nn feur `s adojb ojgdrdjt fd`turds ef ` Venldrw`jidrujb wgdj tgos

t`lds pn`hd jet oj tgd usu`n f`sgoej evdrn`ji aut oj tgos dxhdptoej`n

f`sgoej evdr tgd w`tdr*Ygd iostojhtovdjdss ef tgdsd pgdjemdj` `ji tgdor ojjdr hej-

jdxoej wotg ejd `jetgdr `rd aetg dxpnòjdi ay ejd `ji tgd s`md

sompnd f`ht ; Oj tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej. tgd seho`n `pp`r`tus ef tgd

mobr`jts g`s te ad p`hldi ej ae`ri sgop adferd tgdy h`j nd`vd

tgd sgerds ef tgd eni heujtry `ji tgdj ujp`hldi `bòj `t tgd dji ef

tgd vey`bd adferd tgdy h`jm`ld tgdmsdnvds `tgemd ej jdw breuji*@nn lojis ef `pp`r`tus pdrsejs `ji prepdrty. tdhgjoquds `ji

ojstotutoejs `ji oid`s `rd

dqu`nny suakdht

te tgos n`w*

@jytgojbtg`t h`jjet st`ji tgd sd` vey`bd `t `nn g`s sompny te ad ndft adgoji <

`ji m`jy tgojbs `ji tgdsd jet ejny m`tdro`n eakdhts wgohg tgd

mobr`jts ie m`j`bd te t`ld wotg tgdm h`j ejny ad sgoppdi `ftdr

tgdy g`vd addj t`ldj te podhds jdvdr. pdrg`ps. te ad rd`ssdmandi

oj tgdor eroboj`n ferm*

Ygos n`w bevdrjs `nn tr`jsm`rojd mevdmdjts wg`tsedvdr* Ot g`s

bevdrjdi. fer dx`mpnd. tgd `jhodjt Brddl `ji Sgedjoho`j `ji

Dtrush`j henejoz`toej ef tgd Rdstdrj A`soj ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j

`ji tgd meidrj Durepd`j henejoz`toej ef @mdroh`< `ji tgd hg`n-

ndjbd wgohg. oj vortud ef tgos n`w. os ojgdrdjt oj ` sd`-p`ss`bd`hheujts fer tgd ojtrojsoh stomunus ef hressojb tgd sd` wgohgwd g`vd

easdrvdi `nrdìy oj tgdsd twe h`sds* Oj tgdsd p`rtohun`r h`sds.

gewdvdr. tgd henejosts g`ppdj te g`vd adnejbdi te sehodtods wgohgwdrd `nrdìy oj prehdss ef hovonoz`toej `t tgd tomd wgdj tgd sd` w`s

hressdi* Rgdj ` tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej ehhurs oj tgd heursd ef

` Venldrw`jidrujb. tgd hg`nndjbd os muhg merd fermoiànd `ji

tgd stomunus prepertoej`tdny merd ojtdjsd adhùsd tgd omp`ht gdrdf`nns upej ` sehodty wgohg os jet seho`nny prebrdssovd `t tgd tomd autos evdrt`ldj ay tgd hg`nndjbd wgond ot os stonn oj tg`t st`toh hejiotoej

wgohg os tgd n`st st`td ef Sromotovd M`j* 0 Ygd tr`jsotoej. oj tgd

Venldrw`jidrujb. frem tgos p`ssovoty te ` suiidj p`rexysm ef

sterm `ji strdss preiuhds ` iyj`moh dffdht upej tgd nofd ef `jyhemmujoty wgohg ujidrbeds tgd dxpdrodjhd<

1 aut tgos dffdht os

j`tur`nny merd ojtdjsd wgdj tgd mobr`jts t`ld sgop tg`j wgdj tgdy+

lddp tgdor fddt ej senoi breuji tgreubgeut tgdor trdl* Ygd irovdref `j ex-h`rt g`s ` brd`tdr hemm`ji tg`j tgd m`stdr ef ` sgop evdrtgd horhumst`jhds ef gos keurjdy* Gd h`j mòjtòj `j ujareldj

0 Fer tgd _m-st`td oj wgohg wd foji Sromotovd M`j `s wd ljew gom. sdd Y H 'm/ 'd/.ven* o. pp 02?-73. `ji OO* A. ven* o. pp* 0?1-4* Oj dssdjto`ns. dvdry sehodty wgohg t`ldsp`rt m ` Vpnldrw`jidoujb os stonn m tg`t st`toh hejiotoej dvdj tgeubg. dx gypetgdsoot g`s addj orrìo`tdi ay hdrtòj dndmdjts ef tgd hovonoz`toej ojte wgesd `maot ot g`s addj`ttr`htdi `ji oj wgesd "dxtdrj`n prendt`ro`t" ot g`s addj djrenndi `ji wgesd fermdriemòj ot os jew ojvìojb* 'Xdd S`rt OO* @. ven* o. pp* 072-7. àevd. `ji S`rt VOOOadnew

-/ 1 Xdd furtgdr S`rt VOOO. adnew*"



YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI 7?

hejt`ht wotg gos a`sd ef epdr`toejs <gd h`j pothg h`mp `ji strold

h`mp wgdrd `ji wgdj gd hgeesds< gd h`j sdt gos ewj p`hd< `ji

oj tgdsd horhumst`jhds gd h`j h`rry wotg gom muhg ef tgd seho`n

`pp`r`tus wgohg g`s te ad iosh`ridi ay gos sd`f`rojb hemrìd*Ygus wd h`j md`surd tgd stomun`tojb dffdht ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`-toej oj tgd heursd ef ` Venldrw`jidrujb ay hemp`rojb tgd pgdje-mdj` wotg tgd dffdht ef mobr`toej evdrn`ji. `ji `fertoero wotg tgd

dffdht ef st`yojb `t gemd `ji ndttojb tgd p`rexysm p`ss wotgeut

adojb mevdi te fennew dotgdr tgd sw`j-p`tg er tgd h`rt-tr`hl*

+

Rgdj tgd Xh`jioj`vo`js wdjt adyeji tgd sd`. tgdor mobr`toej md`jt

merd tg`j ` hg`jbd ef pn`hd* @t gemd. tgd Rerni. n`rbd `s ot w`s. heuni

adsurvdydi

frem tgd gemdstdì wotg tgddyds

ef tgd moji<

aut.`s ejd

gerozej aurst ej tgd vodw `ji `jetgdr hnesdi oj *** tgd `jhodjt Moiind-

b`rtg nest ots idfojotdjdss `ji mìd w`y fer semdtgojb merd `loj te eur

Tjovdrsd* Ygos hg`jbd ef eutneel b`vd aortg te ` jdw hejhdptoej ef beis`ji mdj* Ygd neh`n idotods wgesd pewdr w`s hedxtdjsovd wotg tgd

tdrrotery ef tgdor wersgoppdrs wdrd rdpn`hdi ay ` herper`td aeiy ef beis

runojb tgd Rerni* Ygd geny pn`hd wotg ots anet-geusd wgohg gì fermdi

tgd hdjtrd ef Moiindb`rtg w`s ròsdi ej gobg `ji turjdi ojte ` iovojd

m`jsoej* Yomd-gejeurdi mytgs sdttojb fertg tgd ieojbs ef mutu`nny

ojidpdjidjtidotods wdrd werldi

upojte `

pedtoh`n mytgeneby.` iovojd

s`b`. ej tgd s`md nojds tg`t gì addj fennewdi ay `j d`rnodr r`hd ef

Volojbs. tgd Gemdroh Brddls* Ygos rdnoboej areubgt ` jdw bei te aortg ;

Eioj. tgd ndìdr ef mdj. tgd neri ef tgd a`ttndfodni*"0

Oj semdwg`t somon`r f`sgoej. tgd evdrsd`s mobr`toej ef tgd Xhets

frem Ordn`ji te Jertg Arotòj prdp`rdi tgd w`y fer tgd djtry ef

` jdw rdnoboej* Ot os je `hhoidjt tg`t tgd tr`jsm`rojd I`nroì`

adh`md tgd gdì-qu`rtdrs ef Xt* Henuma`"s mossoej`ry mevdmdjt

wgohg jet ejny `hgodvdi tgd hejvdrsoej ef tgd Sohts `ji tgd

Jertgumaro`js aut `nse dxdrhosdi ` prefeuji rdtre`htovd ojfnudjhd

upej Hgrosto`joty oj Ordn`ji otsdnf tgreubg tgd F`mono` Henuma`d ;

` hnustdr ef fdidr`tdi mej`stdrods. mestny sotu`tdi ej Orosg seon.

wgohg `nn rdhebjozdi tgd suprdm`hy ef nej`*1

Ejd iostojhtovd pgdjemdjej ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej os tgd

ojtdrmojbnojb `ji ojtdrarddiojb ef iovdrsd r`ho`n stròjs< fer tgd

forst podhd ef seho`n `pp`r`tus tg`t g`s te ad à`jiejdi os tgd promo-

tovd troad er gerid* Je sgop wonn geni merd tg`j ejd sgop"s

hemp`jy. `ji tgd promotovd sgop os sm`nn* @t tgd s`md tomd. tgd

promotovd sgop os rdn`tovdny meaond hemp`rdi wotg tgd ex-h`rt er

etgdr promotovd md`js ef tr`jspert ej n`ji* Merdevdr. oj tr`js-

m`rojd mobr`toej. je ndss tg`j oj evdrn`ji mobr`toej. tgdrd os

s`fdty oj jumadrs* Fer tgdsd rd`sejs. ` jdw hemmujoty feujidi

0 Brajadhg. V* ; Ygd Hunturd ef tgd Ydutejs 'Nejiej 0?80. Monferi. 8 p`rts oj 1 vens*/.

ort OO. pp* 836-2*` Fer tgd F`mono` Henuma`d. sdd furtgdr OO* I 'vj/. p* 814. adnew*



?3 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

ay mobr`jts `hress tgd sd` os `pt te ad dstànosgdi ay tgd hejhdrtdi

dfferts ef ` jumadr ef hrdws wgohg g`vd keojdi ferhds frem ioffdrdjt

qu`rtdrs oj hejtr`st te tgd erioj`ry prehdss ef mobr`toej evdrn`ji.

oj wgohg ` wgend troad os `pt te p`hl ots wemdj `ji hgonirdj `jisddi-herj `ji geusdgeni beis `ji geusdgeni utdjsons ojte ots ex-

h`rts `ji mevd eff dj m`ssd. `t ` feet"s p`hd. evdr tgd f`hd ef tgd

D`rtg* Rd h`thg ` bnompsd ef tgos pgdjemdjej ef m`rotomd r`hd-

moxturd oj tgd feuji`toej-ndbdjis ef Gdnndjoh @denos `ji Oejo`

wg`tdvdr tgdsd ndbdjis m`y ad wertg oj tgd ferm oj wgohg tgdy

g`vd addj tr`jsmottdi ay Gdreietus `ji Sùs`jo`s* Oj `nmest

dvdry Brddl hoty-st`td `nejb tgd wdst he`st ef @j`teno`. tgd n`ttdr-

i`yojgàot`jts tr`hdi tgdor

`jhdstrya`hl te merd

pn`hds

tg`j ejd

oj tgd Durepd`j Brddl pdjojsun` jet te spd`l ef tgd stròjs

ojtreiuhdi ay ojtdrm`rro`bd wotg tgd j`tovd wemdj wgem tgd

poejddrs teel h`ptovd* Rd `rd ej surdr breuji wgdj wd turj frem

tgd h`sd ef Oejo` te tg`t ef Ohdn`ji. wgdrd `j dx`ht `ji idtòndi er`n

rdheri survovdi te ad pdrpdtu`tdi oj tgd N`jij`màel*

"@mejb tgd pdhuno`rny f`veurànd hejiotoejs fer mdjt`n idvdnepmdjtoj Ohdn`ji. tgd mest ompert`jt w`s tgd sdndhtoej ef tgd gum`j stehl tg`t

sdttndi tgd osn`ji* Ot ojhnuidi `nn tgesd f`monods ef pdtty lojbs `ji

pd`s`jt hgodftòjs frem Rdstdrj Jerw`y wge rdfusdi te yodni te tgd

ùtehr`toh rund ef G`reni Fòrgòr. prdfdrrojb te sddl ` jdw gemd ej tgd

iost`jt osn`ji wgohg gì rdhdjtny addj ioshevdrdi* @t tgd s`md tomd ot

w`s ompessoand fer tgd sehodty ef Ohdn`ji te adhemd ` mdrd rdpdtotoej ef

tgd eni Jerwdbo`j hemmujoty< tgd r`ho`n moxturd w`s tee prejeujhdifer tg`t* Ygdrd h`md Jerwdbo`js frem v`roeus p`rts ef tgd heujtry.

str`bbndrs frem Xwdidj. volojbs frem tgd Rdst. ojhnuiojb dvdj semd

sdmo-Hdntoh dndmdjts*"0

Ygos iostojhtovd pgdjemdjej ef ujusu`nny f`r-beojb r`ho`n mox-turd os hnesdny hejjdhtdi wotg `jetgdr; tgd ujusu`nny r`poi ios-

ojtdbr`toej ef tgd loj-breup wgohg os tgd a`sos ef seho`n erb`joz`toej

oj ` promotovd sehodty* Ygd hemp`r`tovd dffoh`hy ef tr`jsm`rojd

mobr`toej `ji ef evdrn`ji mobr`toej `s senvdjts ef tgd loj-breup os

`ppròsdi `s fennews. `t tgd hejhnusoej ef `j dxgùstovd ojquory. ay` iostojbuosgdi meidrj stuidjt ef Xh`jioj`vo`j `jtoquotods ;

"Ygd `j`neby ef tgd Ohdn`jioh sdttndrs wonn ojhnojd us te `hhdpt tgd oid`

tg`t `mobr`toej ojvenvojb tr`jspert ay

sd`

w`s dspdho`nnynoànd te

ompòrtgd sdjsd ef loj-senoi`roty `mejb tgesd wge vdjturd ej ot. tgeubg tgd

erb`joz`toej ef tgesd wge rdmòjdi adgoji mobgt jet ad `pprdhoàny`ffdhtdi* Ot os dxtrdmdny ujnoldny tg`t d`hg breup ef lojirdi weuni auoni

` vdssdn `ji m`j ot dxhnusovdny. er dvdj mòjny. wotg tgdor ewj lojsmdj<

ej tgd hejtr`ry. `nn `j`nebods sgew us tg`t `jy ojiovoiu`ns wosgojb te

keoj`j dxpdiotoej weuni r`nny te tgd forst sgop tg`t w`s sònojb `ji

0Enrol. @*; Volojb Hovonos`toej 'Djbnosg tr`jsn`toej- Nejiej 0?83. @nndj `ji Tjwoj/.

pp. 024-6* Hp* p* 001*



YGD XYOMTNTX0EF JDR BQETJI ?0

preaàny rdmòj pdrm`jdjtny `sseho`tdi wotg ots hrdw oj tgd jdw

heujtry9@ hn`ssoh dx`mpnd os `fferidi ay tgd sejs ef D`rn Grennùb ef Jerw`y.

ejd ef wgem. Bejbu-Grenf. os idhn`rdi ay Xjerro te g`vd feujidi tgd

Iuhgy ef Jerm`jiy< ejd nest gos nofd oj tgd Rdstdrj Osnds ef Xhetn`ji

ej `j dxpdiotoej wotg G`r`ni Gòrfòr< `jetgdr adh`md D`rn ef tgd

Erljdys. wgond ydt `jetgdr sdttndi oj Ohdn`ji* Ot sddms merd tg`j

preaànd tg`t tgd pdepnds ef Xhgndswob-Genstdoj novdi ujidr somon`r

hejiotoejs oj tgd 4tg hdjtury. wotg volojb dxpdiotoejs. `ji foj`nny tgd

pdrm`jdjt hejqudst ef Djbn`ji. `s tgd rdsunt* Ygd sdttndrs oj Djbn`ji

mobgt tgdrdferd ad `nmest `s n`hlojb oj funn lojirdis `s tgd sdttndrs oj

Ohdn`ji ` fdw hdjturods n`tdr* Adferd wd m`ld hdrtòj tg`t tgd ojvìdrs

must g`vd hemd evdr dj m`ssd. oj funn lojirdis. oj eridr te `hgodvd suhg

` v`st rdsunt `s tgd hejqudst ef Djbn`ji. wd sg`nn ie wdnn te rdmoji

eursdnvds tg`t tgd fd`t w`s `nn aut p`r`nndndi. oj ` muhg sgertdr tomd `ji

oj tgd tddtg ef ` rdsost`jhd `t nd`st dqu`nny eastoj`td. ay tgd volojbs ef `

n`tdr pdroei< ydt tg`t je ejd tgojls ot jdhdss`ry te `ssumd ` wgends`nd

dmobr`toej ef lojirdis oj tgos h`sd. er te pestun`td tg`t tgd erb`joz`toej

ef tgd Volojbs. wgdj tgdy `rrovdi oj Djbn`ji. w`s ej ` a`sos ef lojirdis*

"Of wd `rd te ìept tgd I`josg tgdery tg`t tgd Jerm`js `rd mòjny ef

I`josg `ji jet Jerwdbo`j eroboj. wd h`j peojt te Jerm`jiy `nse `s

`fferiojb herreaer`tovd dvoidjhd fer tgd iosojtdbr`tojb ojfnudjhd ej tgd

lojirdi ef ` sdttndmdjt ay sd`* @hheriojb te tgos tgdery tgd ojvìdrs ef

Jerm`jiy h`md frem tgd gobgny hegdsovd lojirdis ef Idjm`rl* _dt

tgd tr`hds ef lojsgop-senoi`roty oj tgortddjtg-hdjtury Jerm`jiy `rd f`r

fòjtdr tg`j oj etgdr iostrohts ef Jertgdrj Fr`jhd. wgohg tgd Ydutejs

rd`hgdi ay n`ji*

"Xe f`r `s ot beds. tee. tgd dvoidjhd `vònànd fer tgd d`stdrjmest `ji

wdstdrjmest ef Ydutejoh sdttndmdjts ad`rs eut eur hejtdjtoej* Ygd

n`ws ef tgd Xwdiosg lojbiem oj Qusso`. wej ay j`v`n dxpdiotoejs. sgew

aut ` fddand hejhdptoej ef lojsgop; tgd sn`ydr `nejd p`ys fer gos iddi.

`ji tgd robgt ef vdjbd`jhd os nomotdi te aretgdr. f`tgdr. sej `ji jdpgdw*

Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. Rdst Betgoh hustum`ns oj Xpòj sgew iovosoej ef

wdrboni adtwddj lojsmdj. idfojotdny erb`jozdi aneei-fduis adtwddj

lojirdis. `ji e`tg-gdnpdrs ef tgd lojirdi Ygd Rdst Betgs tr`vdnndi

` nejb w`y. aut tgdy tr`vdnndi ay n`ji*

"Ygus wd `rd irovdj te tgd hejhnusoej tg`t tgd mòj iosojtdbr`tojb

f`hter oj tgd h`sd ef tgd Ydutejoh lojirdis w`s mobr`toej. `ji dspdho`nny

mobr`toej ay sd`* Idjm`rl `ji Xhgndswob `rd tgd strejbgenis ef tgd

lojirdis; tgesd ef Frodsn`ji. tgd Jdtgdrn`jis `ji Jertgdrj Fr`jhd

gì vot`noty djeubg te wotgst`ji hdjturods ef gobgny ìvdrsd ojfnudjhds.

wgdrd`s tgd Ohdn`jidr steei `nejd frem tgd memdjt gd sdt feet ej

Ohdn`jioh seon< `ji ot m`y ad qudstoejdi wgdtgdr tgd @jbne-X`xej

sdttndr w`s oj muhg adttdr h`sd oj tgos rdspdht* Gdrd. tee. wd sgeuni foji

`j dxpn`j`toej ef tgd wd`ljdss ef tgd lojirdis oj Jerw`y. fer muhg ef

tgd sdttndmdjt ef tg`t heujtry must g`vd addj `hhempnosgdi ay sd`. `ji

`t ` vdry n`td pdroei*+0

oSgonnpetts. A* X* ; Lojirdi `ji Hn`j 'H`maroibd 0?08. Tjovdrsoty Srdss/. pp. 142-64*




@jetgdr iostojhtovd pgdjemdjej ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej os tgd

`trepgy ef ` promotovd ojstotutoej wgohg os pdrg`ps tgd suprdmd

dxprdssoej ef ujioffdrdjto`tdi seho`n nofd adferd tgos os rdfr`htdi.

ay ` hn`rofyojb seho`n hejshoeusjdss. ej te tgd sdp`r`td pn`jdsef

dhejemohs `ji penotohs `ji rdnoboej `ji `rt ; tgd ojstotutoej ef tgd

w`vre) X`tkothev`ji gos hyhnd*

0 Ej tgos peojt wd m`y quetd `jetgdr

werl ay tgd s`md ùtgeroty ;

"Oj Ohdn`ji tgd M`y I`y b`md. tgd rotu`n wdiiojb. `ji tgd weeojb

shdjd sddm g`riny te g`vd survovdi tgd sdttndmdjt. p`rtny. je ieuat.

adhùsd tgd sdttndrs wdrd mòjny ef ` tr`vdnndi `ji djnobgtdjdi hn`ss. `ji

p`rtny adhùsd tgdsd rur`n easdrv`jhds `rd hejjdhtdi wotg `brohunturd.

wgohg heuni jet ad `j ompert`jt ar`jhg ef `htovoty oj Ohdn`ji*"1

Of wd wosg te sdd tgd rotu`n ef tgd dvoùres X`f`hw oj ots bnery oj

tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j Rerni. wd must stuiy ots idvdnepmdjt `mejbXh`jioj`vo`j pdepnds wge ioi jet nd`vd tgdor gemds ;

"Ot sddms tg`t `t Ndkrd `ji X`ngùb`r oj Xk`dnn`ji. `t Tps`n` oj

Xwdidj. `ji pessoany `t tgd eni Xlorojbss`n oj Xeutg Jerw`y. tgd

fdrtonoty-ir`m` w`s prdsdjtdi oj `jhodjt s`jhtu`rods hejsdhr`tdi ay tgd

temas ef lojbs er beis* Ygdrd os semd rd`sej fer adnodvojb tg`t ot w`s

tgd hdjtr`n rotd ef ` rdnoboeus hejfdidr`hy* Ygos ir`m` w`s `pp`rdjtny

pdrfermdi ejny ejhd dvdry jojd yd`rs. ay `hters ef rey`n aortg. `ji tgdrd

w`s ` trìotoej ef `j `htu`n sn`yojb* Xuhg st`tdny ir`m` `s tgos w`s

aeuji ay ommdmero`n trìotoej te ejd neh`noty* Ygd s`jhtu`ry. tgd

beiidss. tgd prodst-lojb8 heuni jet mobr`td wotg tgd mdmadrs ef tgd

hejfdidr`td troads* Ygdrd os tgdrdferd je tr`hd ef wg`t wd m`y h`nn

notdr`ry ir`m`. er ef suhg gobgny idvdnepdi tr`boh ir`m`. eutsoid

Xeutgdrj Xh`jioj`vo`. wgdrd Ydutejoh pdepnds gì addj sdttndi fer

sdvdr`n tgeus`ji yd`rs*"9

Ygd tgdsos ef tgd werl frem wgohg tgdsd twe n`st

p`ss`bds`rd

quetdi os tg`t tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j pedms wgohg g`vd addj prdsdrvdi

ay Ohdn`jioh trìotoej `ji hemmottdi te wrotojb oj tgd Ohdn`jioh

hempon`toej h`nndi tgd Dnidr Dii` `rd idrovdi frem tgd speldjweris ef tgd promotovd Xh`jioj`vo`j fdrtonoty-ir`m` tgd ejnydndmdjt oj tgd trìotoej`n rotu`n wgohg tgd mobr`jts wdrd ànd te

hut `w`y frem ots iddpny-dmadiidi neh`n reets `ji te t`ld ej

ae`ri sgop wotg tgdm* @hheriojb te tgos tgdery. tgd idvdnepmdjtef ` promotovd rotu`n ojte ` Xh`jioj`vo`j ir`m` w`s `rrdstdi `mejb

0 Xdd S`rt OO* A. ven* o. p* 07?* Ygd ujioffdrdjto`tdi ujoty ef @rt `ji Qdnoboej `jiNofd otsdnf oj ` promotovd gum`j sehodty os peojtdi eut. `prepes ef tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j h`sd.

ay Brejadhg. V*; Ygd Hunturd ef tgd Ydutejs 'Nejiej 0?80. Monferi. 8 p`rts oj 1 vens*/.S`rt OO. pp* 18?-90 `ji 16?*

1Sgonnpetts. A* X*; Ygd Dnidr Dii` `ji @jhodjt Xh`jioj`vo`j Ir`m` 'H`maroibd

0?13. Tjovdrsoty Srdss/. p* 139* Ej tgd s`md suakdht. sdd furtgdr Brajadhg. V* ; Ygd

tgd mobr`toejs ef tgd Fr`jls ioi jet n`st nejb `ji `ffdhtdi tgdor hustems vdry nottnd*"

9Sgonnpetts. ep* hot*. p* 132*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI ?8

tgesd Xh`jioj`vo`js wge mobr`tdi `hress tgd sd`<`ji tgd tgdery os

suppertdi ay `j `j`neby frem Gdnndjoh gostery* Fer ot os ` wdnn-

dstànosgdi f`ht tg`t. `ntgeubg tgd Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej h`md te

fnewdr oj tr`jsm`rojd Oejo` forst. tgd Gdnndjoh ir`m`. wgohg w`s

"

ejd ef tgd gobgdst hrd`toejs ef Gdnndjoh hunturd. spr`jb frem tgd

hejtojdjt`n seon ef tgd Durepd`j Brddl pdjojsun`* Ygd heujtdr-

p`rt. oj Gdnn`s. ef tgd s`jhtu`ry `t Tps`n` w`s tgd tgd`trd ef

Ioejysus `t @tgdjs* Jdotgdr Oejo` jer Ohdn`ji heuni sgew tgd nold*

Ygd iostojhtovd pgdjemdj` ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej wgohg wdg`vd jetohdi se f`r `rd `nn jdb`tovd <

aut tgd hg`nndjbd ompnohot oj

tgdsd jdb`tovd pgdjemdj` g`s dveldi ` rdm`rlànd pesotovd rd-

spejsdwgohg must jew

djb`bdeur `ttdjtoej*

@t `j d`rnodr peojt oj tgos Xtuiy wd g`vd feuji rd`sej te adnodvd

tg`t r`hd-moxturd. ay sdttojb up ` pgysoh`n iostura`jhd. ìmojostdrs

` stomunus te tgd psyhgd wgohg os hejiuhovd te tgd bdjdsos ef ` -

hovonoz`toej se muhg se. tg`t tgd bdjdsds ef hovonoz`toejs m`y`htu`nny prevd te rdquord hejtroautoejs frem merd r`hds tg`j ejd* 0 "

Ygos ojiordht pgysoh`n stomunus m`y ad `ssumdi te rdojferhd tgd

iordht psyhgoh stomunus wgohg os ìmojostdrdi ay "` sd` hg`jbd+ <

`ji tgd twe f`hters oj hemaoj`toej sg`ttdr tgd "h`ld ef hustem"

oj wgohg promotovd sehodtods. `s wd ljew tgdm. `rd f`st aeuji*1 +-

Ygdrdupej. oj nejb-omprosejdi `ji suiidjny noadr`tdi seuns tgdrd

dmdrbds ` ruiomdjt`ry seho`n hejshoeusjdss wgohg rdvd`ns otsdnf oj

twe hnesdny hejjdhtdi ferms; `j `w`rdjdss ef strejb ojiovoiu`n -

pdrsej`notods `ji `j `w`rdjdss ef memdjteus puanoh dvdjts* Ygd

horhumst`jhds `ji sporotef tgos mdjt`n `w`ldjojb `rd ferhoany hej-

vdydi oj tgd fennewojb idshroptoej ef ot. `s ot h`md te p`ss oj

Ohdn`ji. frem tgd pdj ef ejd ef tgd tgrdd meidrj Rdstdrj shgen`rs

wgem wd g`vd quetdi `nrdìy*

"Ygd n`rbdst p`rt ef tgd pepun`toej h`md frem tgd iostrohts ef Geri`-

n`ji `ji Qeb`n`ji oj Rdstdrj Jerw`y. \`ji] ot w`s tgdsd rdboejs tg`t

gì hejtroautdi mest te tgd brd`t Volojb @bd `ji tgd pdroei ef ios-

hevdrods* M`jy f`monods gì spdjt yd`rs oj tgd wdstdrj henejods* Ygdygì `hquordi ` woid gerozej `ji `j ojsobgt ojte penotoh`n hejiotoejs oj

jd`r `ji iost`jt pn`hds< fer `nn tgdsd sh`ttdrdi gàot`toejs wdrd hnesdny

hejjdhtdi wotg d`hg etgdr ay f`mony tods `ji hemmej djtdrprosds* Ygd

jumdreus mdrhg`jt-sgops hejst`jtny areubgt jdws. wgohg w`s rdhdovdi.

shrutojosdi `ji kuibdi* Ygd dxpdrodjhds ef hejtdmper`rods j`tur`nny

adh`md tr`jsfermdi ojte s`b`s*

"Ygdsd `rostehr`toh `ji t`ndjtdi pdrsejs sdttndi oj Ohdn`ji ujidr merd

sdvdrd hejiotoejs ef nofd tg`j tgdy gì fermdrny ljewj* Ojstdì ef adojb

` pdtty lojb. tgd pd`s`jt gì `t mest ` vdry nomotdi hgodftòj ùtgeroty

`s tgsbeio 's`hrofoho`n prodst `ji tgojb ndìdr/ ef gos iostroht< m`jy ` m`j

+ Xdd OO* H 'oo/ '`/ o. ven* o. pp* 18?-198. `ji OO* H 'oo/ '6/ o. ven* o. p* 127. àevd*+

1 Fer tgos "h`ld ef hustem" sdd S`rt OO* A. ven* o. p* 0?1. àevd*




ef jeand eroboj gì te sdttnd `s ` pd`s`jt oj tgd beieri 'beio iostroht/ ef

`jetgdr m`j* Ojstdì ef preui r`ftdrdi g`nns. tgdy auont geusds wotg

w`nns ef d`rtg sdvdr`n y`ris tgohl. ` hejtojueus rew er breup ef suhg

geusds hejstotutojb tgd f`rm auoniojbs* H`ttnd-arddiojb. aori-gujtojb.

fosgojb rdquordi `j dxtrdmd idbrdd ef `ttdjtoej of tgdy wdrd te yodni

feeistuffs fer `nn tgd geusdh`rns `ji sdrv`jts< ` m`j wge ejhd gì

trìdi oj tgd mest prdhoeus hemmeiotods ef ferdobj heujtrods gì jew

ejny tgd gemd-wevdj frodzd te dxpert* Ygd dxtdrj`n horhumst`jhds ef

nofd wdrd j`rrewojb iewj* Ygd ejny d`rm`rl ef jeaonoty tg`t w`s stonn

rdtòjdi frem tgd ferdf`tgdrs w`s tgd mdjt`n hunturd. tgd àonoty te p`ss oj

rdvodw ` suhhdssoej ef dvdjts. te ferm ` kuiohoeus dstom`td ef sotu`toejs*"0

Oj tgd strdjueus `ji stomun`tojb mdjt`n `tmespgdrd gdrd idshroadi.

tgd veoi rdsuntojb frem tgd àsdjhd eftgd promotovd seho`n `pp`r`tustg`t g`s addj ndft adgoji oj hressojb tgd sd` os fonndi ay jdw `hts ef

seho`n hrd`toej* Ygd djdrbods rdnd`sdi ay tgd ard`lojb ef tgd "h`ld

ef hustem" hryst`nnozd. oj tgd jdw tr`jsm`rojd djvorejmdjt. ojte

jdw `htovotods wgohg `rd idfojotd oj tgdor ferms `ji `rd nomotdi oj

tgdor shepd. oj d`hg h`sd. te semd sojbnd pn`jd ef seho`n nofd* Oj tgd

fodni ndft hnd`r ay tgd `trepgy ef tgd fdrtonoty-rotu`n tgdrd `rosds `

j`rr`tovd ferm ef notdr`ry `rt; tgd X`b` er tgd Dpoh* Oj tgd fodni

ndft hnd`r ay tgd iosojtdbr`toejef

tgd loj-breuptgdrd `rosds `

penoty oj tgd noldjdss ef ` sgop"s hemp`jy ej `j djn`rbdi sh`nd `ji

ej ` pdrm`jdjt a`sos; ` hemmejwd`ntg oj wgohg tgd aojiojb

dndmdjt os jet hemmujoty ef aneei aut tg`t hemmej eadiodjhd te

` frddny hgesdj ndìdr `ji hemmej rdspdht fer ` frddny `hhdptdi

n`w wgohg g`s addj h`nndi "tgd seho`n hejtr`ht" oj tgd fobur`tovd

n`jbu`bd ef eur meidrj Rdstdrj Senotoh`n Mytgeneby*

Ygd X`b` `ji tgd Dpoh aetg `nold `rosd oj rdspejsd te tgd s`md

jdw mdjt`n jddi* Oj aetg. tgd jdw `w`rdjdss ef strejb ojiovoiu`n

pdrsej`notods `ji ef memdjteus puanoh dvdjts. wgohg tgd sterm

`ji strdss ef tgd Venldrw`jidrujb g`s areubgt ojte hejshoeusjdss.

fojis `j dxprdssoej tgreubg `rt*1

+Ygd Ohdn`jioh X`b` * * * brdw eut ef rdperts ef hejtdmper`ry g`ppdj-

ojbs* @ m`j wge gì rdhdjtny rdturjdi gemd weuni sot `t tgd @ntgojb

0Enrol. ep* hot

. pp* 026-21 Ygd ioffdrdjhd adtwddj tgd X`b` `ji tgd Dpoh nods jet oj tgd j`turd eftgd stomunus

ay wgohg tgdy `rd dveldi jer oj tgd j`turd ef tgd ojtdrdsts `ji fddnojbs `ji oid`s wgohg`rd dxprdssdi oj tgdm. aut mdrdny oj tgd mdtgei `ji eroboj eftgdor rdspdhtovd tdhgjoquds*

Oj tgd Ohdn`jioh X`b`. tgd jdw ojtdrdst oj pdrsej`notods `ji dvdjts fojis dxprdssoej oj `tdhgjoqud wgohg os jdw noldwosd* Ygd ferm `ji m`ttdr ef tgd io`nebuds `ji senonequodstg`t brdw eut ef tgd hejtojdjt`n Xh`jioj`vo`j fdrtonoty-rotu`n `rd rdnoboeusny prdsdrvdi oj

tgd Dnidr Dii`< aut. g`vojb ejhd addj terj `w`y frem tgdor reets oj Enidr te gd tr`js-

pertdi `hress tgd sd`. tgdy `rd jet put te jdw usds oj tgd jdw heujtry jer idvdnepdi `jyfurtgdr* Ygdy `rd prdsdrvdi. `s ot wdrd. `s fessons< `ji wgdj tgd Ohdn`jidrs f`sgoej "tgd

X`b`. tgd trud Ohdn`jioh heujtdrp`rt ef tgd Dpoh. eut eftgd sterods hurrdjt oj tgd heujtry-soid". tgdy hrd`td. te hejvdy ot. "` jdw presd ferm+ oj wgohg tgdy `rd "g`mpdrdi ay jefessonosdi trìotoej+ 'Sgonnpetts- Ygd Dnidr Dii`. p 134/* Ygd s`b`s ejny ojiordhtnyrdvd`n tgd dxostdjhd ef `j enidr ir`m`toh tdhgjoqud oj ` hdrtòj ir`m`toh sdjsd `jiir`m`toh idt`hgmdjt wgohg `rd hg`r`htdrostoh ef tgdor stynd 'ep* hot.. neh* hot*/ Ej tgdetgdr g`ji. tgd m`ldrs ef tgd Dpoh oj Oejo` er oj Djbn`ji senvd tgd s`md preandm ef




`ji tdnn gos stery ` hejjdhtdi `hheujt ef `nn tg`t gì t`ldj pn`hd

iurojb tgd yd`r `t wdnn-ljewj shdjds ef `htoej Sreaàny m`jy ` s`b`

eroboj`tdi oj tgos w`y* Ygd stery w`s rdn`tdi te `j `ttdjtovdny nostdjojb

horhnd ef gd`rdrs ay ejd wge gì gomsdnf addj t`lojb p`rt oj tgd dvdjts<

`ji wgond tgd forst shdjd os adojb tgus rdpertdi. Nofd otsdnf hejtojuds tgd

idstojods ef tgd `htojb pdrsejs*"0

Ygus. ejd i`y `t tgd @ntgojb. Ygermei nostdjs te ` s`b` tg`t os

adojb teni ay Ygerbrom `ji sn`ys tgd tdnndr `ftdr tgd t`nd os iejd

adhùsd `j ojhoidjt oj tgd stery g`s addj tgd sn`yojb. ay Ygerbrom

gomsdnf. ef Ygermei"s ewj festdr-aretgdr*1 Ygus. noldwosd. iurojbtgd sodbd ef Yrey. wgdj @hgonnds os sunlojb oj gos tdjt. gd os tgdrd

feuji djtdrtòjojb gomsdnf ay sojbojb +tgd t`nds ef w`rroers"8 suhg

t`nds `s "tgd wr`tg ef @hgonnds" otsdnf os idstojdi te adhemd oj tgd

meutgs ef Gemdroh mojstrdns* @nrdìy. oj tgd tdjtg yd`r `ftdr tgd

f`nn ef Yrey. tgd t`nds ef tgd sodbd `ji ef tgd vohters" gemdw`ri

vey`bds `rd dvdr oj tgd meutgs ef tgd mojstrdn Sgdmous oj Otg`h`

`ji tgd mojstrdn Idmeiehus oj tgd n`ji ef tgd Sg`d`ho`js*9

"Yg`t n`y os pròsdi ef mdj tgd mest wgohg rojbdtg jdwdst oj

tgdor d`rs*"4 _dt tgdrd os ejd tgojb oj `j dpoh n`y tg`t os stonn merd

gobgny prozdi tg`j ots jevdnty ay tgd gd`rdrs. `ji tg`t os tgd

ojtrojsoh gum`j ojtdrdst ef tgd stery* Ygd ojtdrdst oj tgd prdsdjt

prdiemoj`tds kust se nejb `s tgd sterm `ji strdss ef tgd Gdreoh @bd

hejtojuds< aut tgos seho`n p`rexysm os dssdjto`nny tr`jsotery< `ji.

fojiojb `j `rtostoh dxprdssoej fer tgd jdw ojtdrdst oj pdrsej`notods `ji dvdjts ay "m`lojbevdr+ aetg tgd ferm `ji tgd m`ttdr ef tgd hejtojdjt`n fdrtonoty-rotu`n te fot tgd jdwidm`ji* Ygus. oj tgd Brddl `ji Djbnosg Dpoh wd foji tgd t`nd ef Yrey"s f`nn er @hgonnds"

wr`tg er Eiyssdus" w`jidrojbs er Adewunf"s dxpneots br`ftdi ej te mytgs oj wgohg tgd

stuff ef promotovd rotu`n g`s addj rdsg`pdi `ji prekdhtdi ojte gdreoh j`rr`tovd* Ygd

`m`nb`m`toej ef tgdsd twe dndmdjts oj tgd Dpoh os se tgereubg. `ji tgd `rtostoh pdrfdhtoej

ef tgd fojosgdi preiuht os se hempndtd. tg`t ot jddis `nn tgd p`r`pgdrj`no` ef "tgd GobgdrHrotohosm" te

`j`nysdtgd

prehdsswgohg g`s t`ldj pn`hd* Jdvdotgdndss. suhg `j`nysos

rdvd`ns jet ejny tgd prdsdjhd ef tgdsd twe ejhd sdp`r`td dndmdjts oj tgd Dpoh aut `nse

tgd dxtrdmd iovdrsoty ef tgdor j`turd `ji eroboj* Ygd Dpoh. ujnold tgd X`b`. g`s ` rotu`n

reet. `ji ot sg`rds tgos reet wotg tgd Ir`m`* Ygd hejtojdjt`n Oejoh Ir`m` ef @ttoh` `ji

tgd tr`jsm`rojd Oejoh Dpoh ef Oejo` `rd twe fnewdrs ef `rt wgohg g`vd sprujb frem `

sojbnd rdnoboeus stdm* Ay hejtr`st. tgd pedtry ef tgd Dnidr Dii` `ji tgd presd ef tgd

X`b`s `rd twe fnewdrs tg`t g`vd sprujb frem ioffdrdjt stdms eut ef reets adiidi oj

ioffdrdjt seons* Ygd Dnidr Dii` os ` fnewdr wgohg g`s wontdi. adferd ot g`s addj ànd

te ujfeni otsdnf m ots funn pdrfdhtoej. adhùsd ots reet g`s addj hut oj eridr te tr`jspert ot

`hress tgd sd`* Ygd X`b` os ` fnewdr wgohg g`s anessemdi adhùsd ot g`s brewj up frem

jdw reets oj tgd jdw breuji*0

Enrol. ep* hot. pp* 022-7*` Ygos onnusto`toej os hotdi `t brd`tdr ndjbtg oj ep hot*. neh hot*. oj tgd p`ss`bd gdrd

emottdi oj tgdfeodbemb quet`toej*8 YPV 7+ )pev >f:pv` Ydpore%xdvev Zep%xtyyt WtydHfk* * * *

rj e y+ ivèv [rdpYYtv. idoXd 7+ `p` jWd` `v)p:v*

'Ogì. OW. 00* 076-?*/+ Ef tgd feur n`ys sujb ay Sgdmous `ji Idmeiehus oj tgd Eiyssdy. je ndss tg`j tgrdd

`rd t`ldj frem tgd Yrek`j Hyhnd. wgond ejny ejd os ` t`nd ef tgd Beis* Sgdmous sojbs

ef tgd gemdw`ri vey`bd ef tgd @hg`d`js 'Ei* O. 00* 814-2/. Idmeiehus ef ` qu`rrdn

adtwddj Eiyssdus `ji @hgonnds 'Ei* VOOO. 00* 28-71/. `ji ef tgd Reeidj Gersd 'Ei*

VOOO. 00* 9??-413/*4

rZv y`p ètXZv %t`@@ev HYrt%ht`tevhr" hovPpworeo.

j Yt5 ifhet<6VY>r>ro vdhuY`rj iuZYd@o5Yò*

'Ei* 0. 00* 840-1*/




Ygd etgdr pesotovd hrd`toej tg`t dmdrbds frem tgd erid`n ef

tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej oj tgd heursd ef ` Venldrw`jidrujb os jet

`rtostoh. nold tgd Dpoh `ji tgd X`b`. aut penotoh`n* Ygos jdw loji ef

penotyos ` hemmejwd`ntg oj

wgohgtgd

aojiojb dndmdjtos

hejtr`ht`ji jet lojsgop* Rd g`vd jetdi ots j`turd `nrdìy ay `jtohop`toej.`ji dx`mpnds ef ot nd`p te tgd moji*

Ygd mest f`meus dx`mpnds. pdrg`ps. `rd tgesd hoty-st`tds wgohgwdrd feujidi ay sd`f`rojb Brddl mobr`jts oj tgd n`st hejvunsoej ef

tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb `nejb tgd wdst he`st ef@j`teno`.oj tgd iostrohts wgohg suasdqudjtny h`md te ad ljewj `s @denos `ji

Oejo` `ji Ieros* Ygd sh`jty survovojb rdheris ef Gdnndjoh hejsto-

tutoej`n gostery sddm te ojioh`td tg`t tgd projhopnd ef penotoh`n

erb`joz`toej ay n`w `ji neh`noty ojstdì ef ay hustem `ji lojsgop`ssdrtdi otsdnf forst oj tgdsd Brddl sdttndmdjts evdrsd`s `ji w`s

`ftdrw`ris ìeptdi oj tgd Durepd`j Brddl pdjojsun` ay momdsos.

Oj tgd `ht ef dstànosgojb tgdor feetgeni ej tgd @j`teno`j he`st oj

tgd f`hd ef eppesotoej frem tgd prdvoeus ehhup`jts ef tgd heujtry.tgd Brddl sd`f`rdrs weuni prehddi upej tgd jdw projhopnd spej-

t`jdeusny* @ jumadr ef sgop"s hemp`jods d`hg gònojb frem `

ioffdrdjt iostroht `ji rdhruotdi frem mdmadrs ef m`jy ioffdrdjt

loj-breups weuni keoj ferhds te hejqudr ` jdw gemd fer tgdm-sdnvds evdrsd`s `ji te sdhurd tgdor hemmej hejqudst ay auoniojb `

hemmej hotìdn* Oj tgd hoty-st`td tgus feujidi. tgd "hdnns" ef tgd

jdw penotoh`n erb`joz`toej weuni ad. jet lojirdis gdni tebdtgdr aytgd tod ef hemmej idshdjt. aut "troads"

0

rdprdsdjtojb sgop"s hem-

p`jods< `ji tgdsd sgop"s-hemp`jods. oj t`lojb te tgd n`ji. weuni

stonn ad gdni tebdtgdr ay tgd tods wgohg gì gdni tgdm ej sgop-

ae`ri* G`vojb he-epdr`tdi `t sd` `s mdj ie he-epdr`td wgdj tgdy`rd "`nn oj tgd s`md ae`t" oj tgd moist ef tgd

pdronsef tgd

iddp.tgdy weuni hejtojud te fddn `ji `ht oj tgd s`md w`y `sgerd wgdj

tgdy gì te geni ` strop ef g`riny-wej he`st `bòjst tgd mdj`hd ef `

gestond gojtdrn`ji* Ej sgerd. `s `t sd`. hemrìdsgop weuni heujt

fer merd tg`j loj. `ji tgd eridrs ef ` hgesdj `ji trustdi ndìdr

weuni evdrroid tgd premptojbs ef gàot `ji hustem* Oj f`ht. ` advyef sgop"s-hemp`jods keojojb ferhds te hejqudr ` jdw gemd fer

tgdmsdnvds evdrsd`s oj ` str`jbd n`ji weuni turj spejt`jdeusnyojte ` hoty-st`td `rtohun`tdi ojte neh`n "troads" `ji bevdrjdi ay `j

dndhtovd m`bostr`hy*

Ygdrd `rd je herrdspejiojb horhumst`jhds te `hheujt fer tgd

dvenutoej ef tgd Gdnndjoh hoty-st`td oj Durepd`j Brddhd<`ji ojiddi

eur sh`jty rdheris ojioh`td tg`t tgd Brddls wge gì st`ydi `t

gemd oj Durepd h`md ojte nojd penotoh`nny wotg tgd Brddls wgegì mobr`tdi `hress tgd sd` te @so` ay omot`tojb. `rtofoho`nny `ji

0 Ygd hejvdjtoej`n Djbnosg tr`jsn`toej ef tgd Brddl weri Zu@`t*

OO G




adn`tdiny. `j `ht wgohg. oj tgd sdttndmdjt ef @denos `ji Oejo` `ji

Ieros. gì addj semdtgojb ommdio`td `ji spejt`jdeus* Ej tgd

he`st ef @j`teno`. tgd hoty-st`td w`s ` jdw hrd`toej dveldi ay tgd

stomunus ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej* Oj Durepd`j Brddhdot

w`stgd sdheji-g`ji preiuht ef ` idnoadr`td "syjedhosm" ` rdvenutoej-

`ry `bbrdb`toej ef vonn`bd-hemmujotods ojte hoty-st`tds. wgohg w`s

`hhemp`jodi erfennewdi ay tgd suastotutoej ef neh`noty fer loj `s tgd

a`sos efpenotoh`n erb`joz`toej* Ygdrd os je rd`sejte suppesd tg`t `jy

suhg "syjedhosm" weuni dvdr g`vd addj h`rrodi eut er dvdj tgeubgt

ef oj "tgd eni heujtry" of tgd spejt`jdeus bdjdr`toej ef tgd hoty-st`td

oj "tgd jdw heujtry" evdrsd`s gì jet prevoidi tgd Gdnndjoh Xehodty

wotg ` meidnpenoty

` meidnwgohg w`s hemmdjidi jetejny ay

ots

ewj eavoeus ojtrojsoh mdrots aut `nse ay tgd prdstobd ef ots hrd`ters.

tgd Gdnndjds ef @denos `ji Oejo`. wge wdrd oj tgd ferdfrejt ef tgd

Gdnndjoh Hovonoz`toej oj tgos forst `bd ef Gdnndjoh gostery*0

Rgdj wd turj frem tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb te tgd

Xh`jioj`vo`j. wd h`j ioshdrj tgd ruiomdjts ef ` somon`r penotoh`n

idvdnepmdjt oj hdrtòj jdw Xh`jioj`vo`j hemmujotods wgohg `resd

eut ef tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toejs noldwosd*1 Of tgd àertovd Xh`jio-

j`vo`j Hovonoz`toej gì `htu`nny hemd te aortg. tgd p`rt ejhd pn`ydi

oj Gdnndjoh gostery ay tgd hoty-st`tds ef @denos `ji Oejo` mobgt g`vd

addj pn`ydi oj Xh`jioj`vo`j gostery ay tgd fovd hoty-st`tds ef tgd

Estmdj `nejb tgd Orosg he`st8 er ay tgd fovd aereubgs wgohg wdrd

erb`jozdi ay tgd I`jds te bu`ri tgd n`jiw`ri aeridr ef tgdor hej-

qudsts oj Mdrho`*9 Dvdj `s ot w`s. tgd stomunus ef tr`jsm`rojd

0 Ygd `rtofoho`n hg`r`htdr ef tgd prehdss ef "syjedhosm+ oj Hejtojdjt`n Brddhd. `s `*

idnoadr`td omot`toej ef `j evdrsd`s p`ttdrj. os ojioh`tdi ay tgd f`ht tg`t tgd feur "Oejoh"

>f/vWò. ojte wgohg tgd @tgdjo`j aeiy penotoh w`s `rtohun`tdi adferd tgd Hnhostgdjoh

rderb`joz`toej ef 437 A h*. wdrd ` sdndhtoej frem ` n`rbdr jumadr ef >k:v^ò ojte wgohg wdljew tg`t tgd aeiy penotoh w`s `rtohun`tdi `t Mondtus* 'Xdd Ron`mewotz-MednnhjierrY.T* vej; @rostetdnds uji @tgdj 'Adrnoj 07?8. Rdoim`jj. 1 vens*/. ven*

00. pp* 087-91*/ Ejtgos `j`neby. wd m`y hejkdhturd tg`t tgd tgrdd "Ieroh+ >%:vWò noldwosd eroboj`tdi spej-

t`jdeusny oj semd hoty-st`td ef tgd evdrsd`s Ieros `ji wdrd rdpreiuhdi `rtofoho`nny oj

semd ef tgd "Iero`j+ hoty-st`tds ef Hejtojdjt`n Brddhd 'tgdrd os je dvoidjhd fer tgdor

rdpreiuhtoej oj Xp`rt`/* Xe muhg fer tgd evdrsd`s eroboj ef tgd "Oejoh+ `ji "Ieroh">f:y^`t

oj tgd hoty-st`tds ef Hejtojdjt`n Brddhd* Rdm`y `ttroautd tgd s`md eroboj te tgd "Iero`j+.

"Oejo`j+. `ji "@deno`j+ r`hds ojte wgohg tgd Brddl-spd`lojb Rerni `s ` wgend w`s

hejvdjtoej`nny `rtohun`tdi* Ygd Brddl tr`jsm`rojd sdttndmdjts ej tgd @j`teno`j he`st

fdnn ojte tgrdd iostojht bdebr`pgoh`n breups spd`lojb tgrdd ioffdrdjt io`ndhts ef tgd Brddl

n`jbu`bd* Ygd neh`n j`mds ef tgdsd breups wdrd @denos. Oejo`. `ji Ieros< `ji wd m`yhejkdhturd tg`t tgd s`md j`mds wdrd suasdqudjtny `ppnodi te hemmujotods oj etgdr p`rts

ef tgd Brddl-spd`lojb Rerni ej breujis ef nojbuostoh `ffojoty er ef `hhoidjt`n somon`rotyef j`md* 'Xdd Adnehg. L* K* ; Bjdhgoshgd Bdshgohgtd. 1ji diotoej. ven* o 'o/ 'Xtr`ssaurb0?01. Yràjdr/. pp* 08?-91 /

1 Xdd Enrol. @*; Volojb Hovonos`toej 'Nejiej 0?83. @nndj `ji Tjwm/. pp* ?7-?*8 Ygdsd hoty-st`tds wdrd Iuanoj. Rdxferi. R`tdrferi. Herl. `ji Nomdrohl* 'Fer

tgdor gostery. sdd Ldjirohl. Y* I*; @ Gostery ef tgd Volojbs 'Nejiej 0?83. Mdtgudj/.pp* 122 `ji 1??*/

+ Ygdsd fovd aereubgs wdrd Nojhenj. Xt`mferi. Ndohdstdr. Idray. `ji Jettojbg`m'sdd Ldjirohl. ep* hot*. p* 186/* Hemp`rd tgd feur somon`r aereubgs wgohg wdrd

dstànosgdi. `ftdr tgd hejhnusoej ef tgd Yrd`ty ef Rdimeod. `t Jertg`mptej. Gujtojb-iej. H`maroibd. `ji Adiferi. oj eridr te bu`ri tgd n`jiw`ri aeridrs ef I`josg D`st

@jbno` 'Ldjirohl. ep* hot*. p* 193/*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF JDR BQETJI ??

mobr`toej preiuhdi sdvdr`n Xh`jioj`vo`j penotods tg`t ioi `ttòj `

gobg idbrdd ef idvdnepmdjt* Ej tgd seutg he`st ef tgd A`ntoh. oj

Rdjin`ji. tgd sgert-novdi fr`tdrjoty ef tgd Kemsvolojbs idvdnepdi

` st`ji`ri ef `shdtohosm. ioshopnojd. `ji prewdss wgohg wej fer

Kemsaerb. oj ots i`y. tgd s`md rdput`toej oj tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j

Rerni tg`t Xp`rt` gì ejhd djkeydi oj Gdnn`s* 0 Ygd enidr Xh`jio-

j`vo`j sdttndmdjt ef@nidobkuaerb dstànosgdi ay volojbs wge gì

hressdi tgd A`ntoh frem wdst te d`st `ji gì pusgdi ej up tgd Bunf

ef Fojn`ji `ji up tgd Qovdr Jdv` ojte N`ld Nìeb` mìd `j

omprdssoej ef penotoh`n dffohodjhy upej tgd mojis ef tgd Jertgdrj

Xn`vs wgohg os rdfndhtdi oj tgd feuji`toej-ndbdji ef tgd Xh`jio-

j`vo`j

dmpord

oj Qusso`* Ygdndbdji

rdn`tds tg`t tgd Xn`vs wge gì

f`nndj ujidr tgd yeld ef tgdsd ojtruidrs frem adyeji tgd sd`

suhhddidi oj irovojb tgdor jdw m`stdrs eut<aut tg`t. g`vojb ejhd

dxpdrodjhdi. ujidr iurdss. tgd adjdfots ef Xh`jioj`vo`j rund. tgdyfeuji tgd rdvdrsoej te tgdor j`tovd `j`rhgy se ojtendrànd tg`t

tgdy ojvotdi tgd Xh`jioj`vo`js te rdturj `ji rdhdovd tgdor wonnojb

eadiodjhd* Ygos ndbdji`ry "seho`n hejtr`ht" adtwddj ` promotovd

Xn`vejoh pepun`toej `ji ` Xh`jioj`vo`j runojb hn`ss wgohg gì

`hquordi ots penotoh`n diuh`toej oj hressojb tgd sd` os tgd trìotoej`n

dxpn`j`toej ef tgd eroboj ef tgd Qusso`j Xt`td* _dt tgd hrd`toej ef

Qusso` w`s jet tgd brd`tdst penotoh`n fd`t tg`t w`s `hgodvdi ayXh`jioj`vo`js wge mobr`tdi evdrsd`s* Ot w`s surp`ssdi ay tgd

hrd`toej ef tgd Qdpuanoh ef Ohdn`ji ` Xh`jioj`vo`j penoty wgesd

feuji`toej os jet vdondi oj ndbdji aut os onnumoj`tdi ay tgd funn nobgt

ef gostery* Ej tgd `pp`rdjtny ujpremosojb seon ef tgos a`rrdj

`rhtoh osn`ji. wgohg heuni ejny ad rd`hgdi frem tgd jd`rdst Xh`jio-

j`vo`j peojt i"`ppuo oj tgd F`reds ay hressojb semd fovd gujirdi

monds ef epdj @tn`jtoh. tgd penotoh`n `s wdnn `s tgd notdr`ry bdjous ef

tgd Xh`jioj`vo`j Hovonoz`toej preiuhdi ots fojdst fnewdr*

@s fer tgd penotoh`n hejsdqudjhds ef tgd tr`jsm`rojd mobr`toej ef

tgd @jbnds `ji Kutds te Arotòj oj tgd heursd ef tgd pest-Gdnndjoh

Venldrw`jidrujb. ot os pdrg`ps semdtgojb merd tg`j ` heojhoidjhd

tg`t `j osn`ji wgohg w`s ehhupodi `t tgd i`wj ef Rdstdrj gostery

ay ommobr`jts wge gì sg`ldj eff tgd sg`hlnds ef tgd promotovd

loj-breup oj hressojb tgd sd` sgeuni `ftdrw`ris g`vd addj tgd

0"Kejosaerb * * * w`s ojgàotdi ay ` *** volojb b`rrosej< `ji ndbdji tdnns tg`t tgos

sehodty wotgoj tgd fertrdss w`s bevdrjdi ay stroht runds* Ygdrd wdrd je wemdj `t `nn

`nnewdi ojsoid. `ji d`hg ejd ef tgd mdj w`s ` w`rroer ef tdstdi v`neur. jet enidr tg`j

fofty yd`rs ef `bd jer yeujbdr tg`j dobgtddj* Heur`bd. `ji heur`bd `nejd. wej ìmossoej

te tgdor hemp`jy.`ji m tg`t hemp`jy ` sdnf-s`hrofohojb ney`nty te d`hg `ji `nn ejd"s

fdnnews w`s idm`jidi ef tgd Kemsvolojbs. sn`jidr ef `jy loji w`s pregoaotdi. `ji tgd

prov`td rdtdjtoej ef aeety feraoiidj* Monot`ry dffohodjhy w`s tgd send eakdht ef tgdor

erb`joz`toej `ji rdbun`toejs. `ji tgeubg je sojbnd m`j mobgt ad `w`y frejZtgdfertrdss fer merd tg`j tgrdd i`ys wotgeut spdho`n nohdjhd. d`hg summdr tgd Kemsvolojbswdrd àreì tebdtgdr fobgtojb. `ji se woidsprdì ioi tgdor f`md adhemd tg`t seej tgdywdrd heujtdi `s tgd brd`tdst w`rooers ef tgd Jertg% 'Ldjirohl. ep* hot*. pp* 070-1*/



oee YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

heujtry oj wgohg eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej `hgodvdi semd ef tgd

mest ompert`jt stdps oj ots penotoh`n prebrdss* Ygd I`josg `ji

Jerm`j ojvìdrs wge fennewdi ej tgd gddns ef tgd @jbnds. `ji wge

sg`rd tgd hrdiot fer suasdqudjt Djbnosg penotoh`n `hgodvdmdjts.noldwosd h`md evdr tgd dndmdjt tg`t g`s te ad tr`vdrsdi ay `nn wge

sdt feet ej tgd sgerds ef `j osn`ji< `ji tgd sd`-p`ss`bd gì tgd

s`md noadr`tojb dffdht upej tgdor seho`n erb`joz`toej `s upej tg`t ef

tgdor sd`f`rojb prdidhdssers* @ pdepnd tgus fruotfunny iovdrsofodi

oj ots r`ho`n hempesotoej. `ji `t tgd s`md tomd ujofermny frddi frem

tgd djhumar`jhd ef ` g`mpdrojb promotovd ojstotutoej. effdrdi `j

ujusu`nny f`veurànd fodni fer penotoh`n huntov`toej* Ot os jet sur-

prosojbtg`t eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej sgeuni g`vd

suhhddidi.oj

Djbn`ji. oj hrd`tojb forst "tgd Lojb"s Sd`hd" `ji tgdrd`ftdr "S`rno`-

mdjt`ry Bevdrjmdjt". wgond. ej tgd Hejtojdjt. eur Rdstdrj

penotoh`n idvdnepmdjt w`s rdt`ridi ay tgd survov`n ef tgd loj-

breup `mejb tgd idshdji`jts ef Fr`jls `ji Nema`ris wge gì

jet addj rdnodvdi ef tg`t seho`n ojhuaus `t tgd eutsdt ay ` noadr`tojb

tr`jsot ef tgd sd`*

Foj`nny. wd m`y easdrvd. oj tgos penotoh`n hejjdxoej. tgd huroeus

f`ht tg`t ejd ef tgd twe djiurojb penotoh`n djtotods tg`t g`vd

dvdjtu`nny dmdrbdi eut ef tgd strubbnd fer dxostdjhd adtwddj tgd

dpgdmdr`n a`ra`ro`j "suhhdsser-st`tds" ef tgd Qem`j Dmpord oj

Arotòj g`s addj tgd Lojbiem ef Xhetn`ji<0 `ji tg`t tgd feujidrs

`ji dpejyms ef tgos Xhetn`ji oj Arotòj wdrd `j evdrsd`s effsgeet

ef tgesd eroboj`n Xhets ef Ordn`ji wge. oj tgdor j`tovd osn`ji. `rd `

ayweri fer tgdor prenejbdi fònurd te hrd`td `j dffdhtovd ujotdi

Orosg st`td dvdj ujidr tgd prdssurd ef tgd mest fermoiànd

ferdobj `bbrdssoej frem tgd Xh`jioj`vo`js `ji tgdrd`ftdr frem tgd

Djbnosg*1

OV* YGD XYOMTNTX EF ANERX

G`vojb jew dx`mojdi tgd rdn`tovd stomun`tojb dffdhts ef ` ndss

`ji ` merd ioffohunt djvorejmdjt oj h`sds oj wgohg tgd djvorej-

mdjts `rd pgysoh`n. wd m`y hempndtd tgos p`rt ef eur stuiy ay

survdyojb tgd fodni ef gum`j djvorejmdjts ej tgd s`md hemp`r`-tovd mdtgei*

Fer hejvdjodjhd. wd m`y iovoid tgos fodni ojte sdhtoejs* Rd m`yiostojbuosg. forst. adtwddj tgesd gum`j djvorejmdjts tg`t `rd

bdebr`pgoh`nny dxtdrj`n te tgd sehodtods upej wgohg tgdy `ht. `ji

0 Fer tgd hrd`toej ef tgd Lojbiem ef Xhetn`ji. sdd furtgdr OO* I 'v/. pp* 0?3-1 `ji

0?9-4. adnew*8 Ot os ejd eftgd huroesotods ef gostery tg`t dvdj oj tgdsd n`ttdr i`ys. wgdj tgd Orosgg`vd

te semd dxtdjt rdtrodvdi tgdor penotoh`n rdput`toej ay tgdor suhhdss oj dstànosgojb `jOrosg Frdd Xt`td. tgos penotoh`n `hgodvdmdjt oj Ordn`ji otsdnf g`s addj ferdst`nndi ay tgdsuhhdss ef tgd Orosg dmobr`jts `hress tgd @tn`jtoh m pn`yojb tgd b`md ef "m`hgojd

penotods" oj tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds!



YGD XYOMTNTX EF ANERX 030

tgesd tg`t `rd bdebr`pgoh`nny ojtdrmojbndi wotg tgdm* Ygd fermdr

h`tdbery wonn hevdr tgd `htoej ef sehodtods. pdepnds. st`tds. hotods. `ji

etgdr seho`n erb`joz`toejs tg`t `rd oj dxhnusovd ehhup`toej. `t `jy

bovdj tomd. ef p`rtohun`r pertoejs ef tgd gàotànd werni. upejjdobgaeurojb seho`n erb`joz`toejs ef tgd s`md loji* Frem tgd

st`jipeojt ef tgd erb`joz`toejs wgohg pn`y tgd p`ssovd rend oj suhg

seho`n ojtdrheursd. tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt wotg wgohg tgdy `rd

hejfrejtdi gdrd os "dxtdrj`n" er "ferdobj"* Ygd sdheji ef eur twe

h`tdberods wonn hevdr tgd `htoej ef ejd seho`n "hn`ss" upej `jetgdr.

wgdrd tgd twe "hn`ssds" `rd oj keojt ehhup`toej ef tgd s`md bde-

br`pgoh`n `rd`. `ji wgdrd tgd tdrm "hn`ss" os dmpneydi oj ots woidst

md`jojb*Frem tgd

st`jipeojt

ef ` "hn`ss" wgohgpn`ys

tgdp`ssovd

rend. tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt hejstotutdi ay tgd etgdr "hn`ssds" tg`t

`rd `htojb upej ot os "ojtdrj`n" er "iemdstoh"* Nd`vojb tgos "ojtdrj`n

gum`j djvorejmdjt" fer n`tdr dx`moj`toej. `ji st`rtojb wotg tgd

"dxtdrj`n gum`j djvorejmdjt". wd m`y adboj ay m`lojb ` furtgdr

suaiovosoej adtwddj tgd omp`ht ef tgd "dxtdrj`n gum`j djvorej-

mdjt8

wgdj ot t`lds tgd ferm ef ` suiidj anew `ji ots omp`ht oj tgd

ferm ef ` hejtojueus prdssurd*

Rg`t os tgd dffdht ef suiidj anews frem tgd dxtdrj`n gum`j

djvorejmdjt 5 Ieds eur prepesotoej "Ygd brd`tdr tgd hg`nndjbd tgd

brd`tdr tgd stomunus" geni beei gdrd 5 Ndt us sddl nobgt. ejhd merd.

frem eur wdnn-trodi dmporoh`n mdtgei ef ojquory*

Ygd forst tdst h`sds tg`t j`tur`nny ehhur te eur mojis `rd hdrtòj

sdjs`toej`n ojst`jhds oj wgohg ` monot`ry `ji monot`jt Sewdr g`s

forst addj stomun`tdi ay suhhdssovd hejtdsts wotg ots jdobgaeurs. `ji

g`s tgdj suiidjny addj prestr`tdi oj `j djheujtdr wotg semd

ìvdrs`ry `bòjst wgem ot g`s jdvdr md`surdi ots strdjbtg adferd*

Rg`t usu`nny g`ppdjs wgdj ojhopodjt dmpord-auonidrs `rd tgus

ir`m`toh`nny evdrtgrewj oj moi-h`rddr5 Ie tgdy usu`nny rdmòj

nyojb. nold Xosdr`. wgdrd tgdy g`vd f`nndj. wgond tgdor g`nf-auont

dmpord henn`psds nold ` geusd ef h`ris 5 Er. ej tgd hejtr`ry. ie

tgdy rosd `bòj frem tgdor Metgdr D`rtg. nold tgd bo`jt @jt`dus ef

tgd Gdnndjoh Mytgeneby.0 wotg tgdor strdjbtg `ji vobeur `ji mer`n

rdieuandi 5 Ie tgdy suhhuma 5 Er ie tgdy rd`ht te `j ujprdhd-

idjtdiny gd`vy anew ay `j ujprdhdidjtdi eutaurst ef purpesdfun

djdrby 5 Ygd gosteroh dx`mpnds ojioh`td tg`t tgd sdheji `ji jet tgdfermdr `ntdrj`tovd rd`htoej os tgd jerm`n euthemd*

Rg`t. fer dx`mpnd. w`s tgd dffdht ef tgd Bnìds @nnodjsos upej tgd

fertujds ef Qemd 5 Ygd h`t`strepgd evdrteel gdr ejny fovd yd`rs

`ftdr gdr vohtery oj gdr nejb `ji `riueus iudn wotg Vdoo gì pn`hdi

gdr. `t n`st. oj ` pesturd te `ssdrt gdr gdbdmejy evdr N`toum* Ygd

evdrtgrew ef tgd Qem`j @rmy `t tgd @nno` `ji tgd ehhup`toej ef

0 Fer tgd mytg ef @jt`dus. sdd furtgdr S`rt W. adnew*




Qemd gdrsdnf ay a`ra`ro`js frem tgd a`hl ef adyeji mobgt g`vd

addj dxpdhtdi te wopd eut. `t ejd streld. ejhd `ji fer `nn. tgd pewdr`ji prdstobd wgohg Qemd gì wej. kust adferd. ay tgd evdrtgrew

`ji `jjdx`toej ef gdr Dtrush`j jdobgaeur* Ojstdì. Qemd rd-hevdrdi frem tgd B`nnoh ios`stdr se r`poiny tg`t. wotgoj ndss tg`j

g`nf ` hdjtury `ftdr tgd Bùns gì addj objemojoeusny aeubgt eff.

tgd Qem`j Xt`td w`s ànd te djb`bd oj ` nejbdr `ji merd `riueus

iudn wotg ` mobgtodr jdobgaeur tg`j Vdoo fer gobgdr st`lds* Ygd

Qem`j Xt`td w`s ànd te fobgt tgd X`mjotd Hejfdidr`hy fer tgd

prozd ef ` gdbdmejy evdr `nn Ot`ny. `ji dvdjtu`nny te dmdrbd voh-

teroeus frem ` fofty-yd`rs" w`r wgohg f`r surp`ssdi. oj sh`nd `ji

sdvdroty. `jy prdvoeusw`r wgohg Qemd gì dvdr vdjturdi te

w`bd*

0

Rg`t. `bòj. w`s tgd dffdht ej tgd fertujds ef tgd "Esm`jnos

wgdj Yomur Ndjl teel A`ydzoi _onidrom h`ptovd ej tgd fodni ef

@jber` 5 Ygos h`t`strepgd evdrteel tgd"

Esm`jnos kust wgdj tgdy

wdrd ej tgd peojt ef hempndtojb tgdor hejqudst ef tgd mòj aeiyef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem oj tgd A`nl`j Sdjojsun`* Ygd

f

Esm`jnos

gì pn`jtdi tgdor monot`ry henejods oj Ygr`hd `ji M`hdiejo`< tgdy

gì evdrtgrewj tgd n`tdst m`stdrs ef tgd ojtdroer tgd Xdras ej

tgd fodni ef Leseve< `ji tgdy wdrd adnd`budrojb tgd n`st rdmj`jt

ef tgd D`st Qem`j Dmpord oj Hejst`jtojepnd* @t tgd memdjtwgdj tgdy wdrd tgus ej tgd vdrbd ef hejsenoi`tojb tgd rdsunts ef

fofty yd`rs" nàeurs oj Durepd. tgdy wdrd prestr`tdi. ej tgd @so`toh

soid ef tgd Xtròts. ay ` tgujidraent frem Yr`jsex`jo`* @ hen-

n`psd ef tgd Ettem`j Dmpord oj tgd A`nl`js mobgt g`vd addj

dxpdhtdi te fennew tgd ios`stdr `t @jber` tgd merd se. oj`smuhg

`s Yomur. adojb r`tgdrmerd prevoidjt ofjetmuhg merd pdrsdvdrojb

tg`j Ardjjus. gì t`ldj stdps te p`r`nysd tgd Ettem`j Sewdr oj

ots @j`teno`j gemdn`ji ay noadr`tojb `ji rd-dstànosgojb tgd rov`n

@j`teno`j Yurlosg projhop`notods* Xe f`r frem tg`t. gewdvdr.

Mdgmdi tgd Hejqudrdr. wge suhhddidi te tgd Ettem`j tgrejd

kust g`nf ` hdjtury `ftdr gos `jhdster A`ydzoi gì addj h`rrodi `w`y

h`ptovd te X`m`rq`ji. w`s ànd te pn`hd tgd hepojb-stejd ej

A`ydzoi"s auoniojb ay t`lojb pessdssoej ef Hejst`jtojepnd `ji

reujiojb eff tgd Ettem`j Dmpord ujton. frem Yrdaozeji te tgd

b`tds ef Adnbrìd `ji frem tgd Hromd` te tgd Merd`. ot hemprosdi

tgd wgend iemòj ef Ertgeiex Hgrostdjiem dxhdpt ots tr`jsm`rojd`jjdx oj Qusso`*1

Oj tgd tgori pn`hd. wd m`y t`ld jetohd ef tgd fertujds ef tgd Ojh`s

`ftdr tgdor p`ss`bd ef `rms wotg tgd Hg`jh`s tew`ris tgd moiind ef

tgd feurtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`* Rgdj tgd Hg`jh`s

0 Ygd trìotoej`n ojoto`n `ji tdrmoj`n i`tds ef tgd forst tgrdd Qem`je-X`mmtd R`rs`rd 898-1?3 A*H*

<tgd trìotoej`n i`td ef tgd A`ttnd ef tgd @nno` os 8?3 A h*

8 Mdgmdi F`tog ompdria`t @*I* 0940-70< tgd A`ttnd ef @jber` gì addj feubgt m@*I* 0931*




m`rhgdi ej Huzhe `ji tgd rdobjojb Ojh`_`gu`rGu`hh`h dv`hu`tdi

gos h`pot`n oj ` p`joh. ot neeldi `s tgeubg tgd Ojh`s gì nest tgd

dmpord wgohg gì addj feujidi ` gujirdi yd`rs adferd wgdj tgdor

`jhdsters gì hejqudrdi tgd Hennè `ji J`zh`*

0

Ygd a`ttnd ej tgdpnòj ef X`hs`gu`j`. oj wgohg Srojhd G`tuj Yup`h tgd futurd

Ojh` Vor`hehg` kust suhhddidi oj st`yojb tgd Hg`jh`s" ejsnùbgt`ji s`vojb Huzhe frem ford `ji sweri. w`s tgd g`ridst a`ttnd tg`t

tgd Ojh`s gì ydt gì te fobgt* Jdvdrtgdndss. tgd brd`t werl ef

dxp`jiojb `ji dndv`tojb tgd Dmpord ojte `j @jid`j ujovdrs`n

st`td w`s t`ldj up `ji hempndtdi ay Vor`hehg`+s sej `ji suhhdsser

tgd Ojh` S`hg`hutdh. wge h`md te tgd tgrejd `t Huzhe semd fofty

yd`rs

`ftdr tgd A`ttnd ef X`hs`gu`j` gì addjfeubgt*

1

Etgdr onnustr`toejs ef tgd s`md "n`w" tgd strejbdr stomunus ef

tgd gd`vodr anew wonn mddt eur dyds of wd rdepdj tgd aeel ef

Qem`j gostery `t ` n`tdr p`bd `ji stuiy tgd heursd ef tgesd w`rs

adtwddj Qemd `ji tgd rov`n Brd`t Sewdrs ef tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni

wgohg hnd`rdi tgd breuji fer tgd dvdjtu`n hejvdrsoej ef tgd Qem`j

Dmpord ojte ` Gdnndjoh ujovdrs`n st`td* Oj tgos pg`sd ef Qem`j `ji

Gdnndjoh gostery wgohg adb`j wotg tgd eutard`l ef tgd forst

Qem`je-Sujoh R`r oj 169 A*H* `ji djidi wotg tgd somunt`jdeus

idstruhtoej ef H`rtg`bd `ji `jjdx`toej ef M`hdiejo` oj tgd yd`r

096 Qemd gì te fobgt tgrdd reujis wotg H`rtg`bd `ji feur wotg

M`hdiejo` adferd sgd w`s ànd te idnovdr twe "ljehl-eut anews"

wgohg areubgt tgd tot`joh strubbnd te ` hnesd* Je ieuat. tgd pedt

Vorbon gì tgdsd twe sdrods ef w`rs oj moji wgdj gd aìd gos

heujtrymdj dvdr rdmdmadr "te a`ttnd iewj tgd stoff-jdhldi";

idadnn`rd supdraes*8 _dt tgd gosteroh`n f`hts surdny ojioh`td tg`t tgd

mdtgei ef `ttrotoej w`s jet ` m`stdrny hgeohd aut ` hestny `ji

i`jbdreus jdhdssoty< fer. tgeubg tgd Qem`js m`j`bdi te ad`t tgd

H`rtg`bojo`js `ji tgd M`hdiejo`js oj dvdry w`r tg`t tgdy feubgt

wotg dotgdr Sewdr. jdvdrtgdndss. `t d`hg suhhdssovd rdjdw`n ef tgd

hema`t. tgd prewdss iospn`ydi ay tgd v`jquosgdi `ji tgd dxdrtoejs

rdquordi ef tgd vohters wdrd aetg hejspohueusny brd`tdr tg`j tgdy

gì addj d`hg tomd adferd*

Ygd idfd`t ef H`rtg`bd oj tgd forst Qem`je-Sujoh R`r stomu-

n`tdi G`monh`r A`rh` te hejqudr fer gos heujtry `j dmpord oj Xpòj

wgohg f`r surp`ssdi gdr nest dmpord oj Xohony. `ji G`monh`r"s sejG`jjoa`n te strold `t tgd gd`rt ef tgd Qem`j Sewdr oj Ot`ny* Dvdj

`ftdr tgd G`jjoa`noh R`r gì djidi oj tgd idfd`t ef G`jjoa`n"s

0 Fer tgd feuji`toej eftgdZOjh` Dmpord. sdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven o. pp* 010-1. àevd*

1 Ygd dndv`toej ef tgd Dmpord ef tgd Ojh`s ojte `j @jid`j ujovdrs`n st`td m`y ad sòi

te g`vd addj `hhempnosgdi tgreubg tgd ojherper`toej ef tgd st`tds `nejb tgd sdàe`ri ef

tgd S`hofoh. frem nd` te Hgomu ojhnusovd. wgohg hevdrdi. adtwddj tgdm. tgd eroboj`n

gemd ef tgd @jid`j Xehodty* Ygd Ojh` S`hg`hutdh. wge `hgodvdi tgos. ompdrà`t horh`

@*I* 0933-97< tgd A`ttnd ef X`hs`gu`j` gì addj feubgt horh` @*I* 0892*8@djdoi: Aeel VO. 0* 748*




n`st `rmy `t [`m`. oj tgd gemd tdrrotery ef H`rtg`bd. tgd H`r-

tg`bojo`js twohd `stejosgdi tgd Rerni iurojb tgd g`nf hdjtury tg`t

w`s stonn te ruj adferd tgdor j`md w`s anettdi eut ef tgd Aeel ef

Nofd* Tjidr tgd stomunus ef tgos `pp`nnojb sotu`toej. wgdj tgdy n`y`t tgd mdrhy ef `j ompn`hànd djdmy. wotg tgdor ompdjiojb ieem

dvdr prdsdjt te tgdor mojis. tgdy iospn`ydi `j djdrby `ji ` ferto-

tuid wgohg gì jet iostojbuosgdi tgdm oj tgd i`ys ef tgdor pewdr`ji tgdor sdhuroty* Ygdy sgewdi tgdor mdttnd forst oj tgd r`poioty

wotg wgohg tgdy pòi eff tgdor w`r ojidmjoty te Qemd `ji rd-

hevdrdi tgdor hemmdrho`n prespdroty<0 `ji tgdy sgewdi ot `bòj oj

tgd gdreosm wotg wgohg tgd wgend pepun`toej ef tgd ieemdi hoty

mdj. wemdj.`ji hgonirdj

feubgt`ji iodi oj tgd n`st

strubbnd.wgdj tgd Qem`js wdrd `vewdiny adjt upej idstreyojb tgdm

uttdrny. `ji wgdj ot w`s hdrtòj tg`t jetgojb jew heuni s`vd tgdm

frem tgdor f`td*

@bòj. Lojb Sgonop V ef M`hdiej gì addj hejtdjt iurojb tgd

G`jjoa`noh R`r. wgdj gd mobgt g`vd s`vdi gos heujtry ay keojojb

ferhds wotg G`jjoa`n gomsdnf oj Ot`ny. te djb`bd oj idsuntery `ji

ojdffdhtovd "soid-sgews" ej gos ewj soid ef tgd @iro`toh* Ot w`s tgd

anew ef Hyjeshdpg`n`d. wgohg hest gom gos gdbdmejy oj Brddhd.

tg`t stomun`tdi gom te sgew tg`t "gos n`st suj gì jet ydt sdt"1 `ji

te tr`jsferm M`hdiejo` ojte se fermoiànd ` pewdr tg`t. ` qu`rtdr

ef ` hdjtury `ftdr Hyjeshdpg`n`d gì addj feubgt. Sgonop"s sej

Sdrsdus w`s ànd te hg`nndjbd Qemd sojbnd-g`jidi `ji `nmest te

idfd`t gdr utmest dfferts te evdrhemd gom* Dvdj wgdj Sdrsdus"

stuaaerj rdsost`jhd w`s foj`nny areldj `t Syij`. tgd M`hdiejo`j

pdepnd wdrd se f`r frem nesojb tgdor sporot tg`t. semd twdjty yd`rs

n`tdr. ot ejny jddidi tgd `ppd`r`jhd ef `j ìvdjturdr ompdrsej`tojb

Sdrsdus" sej Sgonop te m`ld tgd j`toej rosd oj `rms `bòj oj ` n`st

strubbnd fer noadrty wgohg w`s ` fernerj gepd frem tgd st`rt*

Oj eur ewj Rdstdrj gostery. somon`r rd`htoejs wdrd dveldi ay

J`pendej O"s prdm`turd `ji àertovd `ttdmpt. iurojb tgd Bdjdr`n

R`r ef 02?1-0704. te dstànosg ` Rdstdrj ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd

ferm ef ` Frdjhg Dmpord*8

Fer dx`mpnd. tgd @ustro`js. wge gì `nnewdi tgdmsdnvds oj

02?1 te ad turjdi a`hl ay ` h`jjejìd `t V`nmy frem `j ojv`soej

0 @s d`rny `s 0?0 A*H*. ejny tdj yd`rs `ftdr tgd rdster`toej ef pd`hd. tgd H`rtg`bojo`jseffdrdi te p`y eff tgd wgend eutst`jiojb `meujt ef tgd ojidmjoty fertgwotg oj ` sojbnd

nump sum. oj `jtohop`toej ef tgd stopun`tdi suhhdssoej ef ojst`nmdjts* Ygos effdr w`sjet `hhdptdi ay tgd Qem`js* 'Novy. Aeel WWWVO. hg* 9*/

1 Xdd tgd `hheujt bovdj ay Novy 'Aeel WWWOW. hg* 16/ ef `j ojtdrvodw oj tgd yd`r

074 A h* 'tgd dndvdjtg yd`r `ftdr Hyjeshdpg`n`d/ adtwddj Sgonop `ji ` Qem`j hem-mossoejdr* @ftdr st`tojb gos h`sd. Sgonop "dn`tus idmid or` ìodhot jejium emjoumiodrum sendm ehhoiossd"*

ZYgdM`hdiejo`j lojb"s eutaurst w`s ` rdmojoshdjhd ef ` nojd

ef Ygdehrotus; GXok y&p fei`fyo orivi+ e@tev `ppo XdXwhdtv< 'Ygdehrotus; Ygyrsts*0* 031/

8 Ygos `spdht ef tgd J`pendejoh Dmpord os dx`mojdi furtgdr oj S`rt VO. adnew*




ef Fr`jhd wgohg mobgt g`vd joppdi tgd Qdvenutoej oj tgd aui. `ji

gì `nnewdi tgdmsdnvds tgdrd`ftdr te ad dkdhtdi ay tgd Frdjhg

twohd evdr frem Ot`ny. wdrd `reusdi `t n`st ay tgd anew ef 0734.

wgdj oj ` sojbnd h`mpòbj J`pendej h`pturdi g`nf tgd @ustro`j@rmy `t Tnm `ji ehhupodi Vodjj` `ji idstreydi tgd rdst ef tgd

@ustro`j @rmy `t @ustdrnotz* @ustro` `ftdr @ustdrnotz prdp`rdi fer

` rdjdw`n ef tgd hejtdst wotg tgd s`md brom djdrby tg`t M`hdiejo`

gì iospn`ydi `ftdr Hyjeshdpg`n`d <`ji oj 073?. wgdj sgd trodi

hejhnusoejs wotg tgd hejqudrer `bòj. `ji tgos tomd sojbnd-g`jidi.wotgeut `j `nny. sgd mìd gom p`y `s muhg merd id`rny fer `

sdheji vohtery `s M`hdiejo` mìd tgd Qem`js p`y oj 020-067 A*H*

Of @ustdrnotz w`s @ustro`"s

Hyjeshdpg`n`d. R`br`mw`s gdr

Syij`*Merdevdr. tgd @ustro`js. nold tgd M`hdiejo`js. stonn gì tgd

sporot.

`ftdr suffdrojb twe sobj`n idfd`ts. te t`ld up `rms ejhd `bòj< `ji.

merd fertuj`td tg`j tgd M`hdiejo`js. tgdy m`rhgdi tgos tomd te

vohtery* Ygd ojtdrvdjtoej ef @ustro` ej tgd soid ef Qusso` `ji

Srusso` oj 0708 w`s tgd idhosovd `ht wgohg mìd tgd evdrtgrew ef

J`pendej ojdvotànd `ji areubgt gos dpgdmdr`n dmpord te tgd

breuji*

@bòj. tgd Srusso`js pn`ydi tgd s`md ojdffdhtovd p`rt oj 0734 `s

tgd M`hdiejo`js pn`ydi iurojb tgd G`jjoa`noh R`r. `ji tgdy pòitgd pdj`nty ay mddtojb tgdor Hyjeshdpg`n`d `t Kdj`< aut tgd dffdhts

ef Kdj` upej Srusso` wdrd iyj`moh* Ygd rdmj`jt ef tgd Srusso`j

@rmy wgohg gì m`rhgdi eut se ojbneroeusny oj tgd ùtumj te `j

objemojoeus idfd`t gì tgd g`riogeei te fobgt ` wojtdr h`mpòbj`ji te dx`ht ` Syrrgoh vohtery frem J`pendej `t Dynù `ji `ftdr tg`t

te be ej fobgtojb stonn. oj tgd f`rtgdst herjdr ef Srusso`j tdrrotery

adyeji tgd Mdmdn* Oj tgd yd`r `ftdr Kdj`. tgd Srusso`js ejny

`hhdptdi tgd Frdjhg hejqudrer"s tdrms adhùsd tgdy wdrd vortu`nny

hedrhdi ojte surrdjidr ay tgdor ewj Qusso`j `nnods<`ji tgd sdvdroty

ef tgd tdrms ejny ìidi te tgd stomunus wgohg tgd sgehl ef Kdj`

gì forst ìmojostdrdi* Ygd djdrby dveldi oj Srusso` ay tgos

stomunus w`s dxtrèrioj`ry* Ot jet ejny rdbdjdr`tdi tgd Srusso`j

@rmy '`ji tgos tgreubg tgd ojstrumdjt`noty ef tgd vdry rdstroh-

toejs wgohg J`pendej gì ompesdi upej tgd Srusso`j @rmy oj

eridr te rdiuhd ot te ompetdjhd/ <ot rdbdjdr`tdi. ojte tgd a`rbòj.

tgd Srusso`j @imojostr`tovd Xdrvohd `ji tgd Srusso`j Diuh`toej

Xystdm* Oj f`ht. tgos jdw-feuji djdrby tr`jsfermdi tgd Srusso`j

Xt`td ojte ` hgesdj vdssdn fer geniojb tgd jdw wojd ef Bdrm`j

J`toej`nosm<`ji somunt`jdeusny ot pdrfermdi tgd mor`hnd ef hej-

kurojb tgos strejb Bdrm`j wojd eut ef ` w`tdry hesmepenot`josm*

Ygd forst-fruots ef tgos tot`joh Srusso`j rdspejsd te tgd hg`nndjbd ef

Kdj` wdrd tgd `hts ef fòtg wgohg idhoidi tgd ossud ef tgd Adfrdo-

ujbslrodb< tgd foj`n g`rvdst w`s b`tgdrdi oj ay Aosm`rhl oj tg`t



oe6 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

h`nhun`tdi hemaoj`toej ef iopnem`hy `ji w`r wgohg preiuhdi ots

ojtdjidi rdsunt oj tgd dstànosgmdjt ef ` jdw penoty; Srusso`-

Bdrm`jy*

@s fer tgd rend ef tgd Qusso`js oj tgd Bdjdr`n R`r ef 02?1-0704.ot os jeteroeus tg`t tgdy feubgt ojioffdrdjtny se nejb `s tgdy wdrd

fobgtojb tgd Frdjhg ej ferdobj breuji* Oj 0701 tgd j`toej`n

djdrbods ef tgd Qusso`j pdepnd wdrd dveldi. oj suhhdssovdny gobgdr

idbrdds. `s tgd Frdjhg ojvìdrs hressdi tgd penotoh`nfrejtodr `ji

`s tgdy p`ssdi. `t Xmendjsl. eut ef tgd ojsdjsotovd frojbd ef `nodj

tdrroterods. rdhdjtny ojherper`tdi oj tgd Qusso`j Dmpord. ojte tgd

quohl ef Geny Qusso`* @t n`st. oj tgd aurjojb ef Meshew. Qusso`

feujigdrsdnf<

`ji tgdj sgd turjdi

upejgdr ojvìdr oj ` heujtdr-

`tt`hl tg`t ioi jet hemd te ` st`jistonn ujton tgd toid ef w`r gì

daadi a`hl robgt `hress tgd Hejtojdjt frem Meshew te S`ros*

Rgdj wd turj te tgd jdxt hg`ptdr ef Rdstdrj gostery. oj wgohg

tgd rends ef Fr`jhd `ji Bdrm`jy `rd rdvdrsdi. dx`htny tgd s`md

pgdjemdj` prdsdjt tgdmsdnvds mut`tos mut`jios* Oj 0 723.wgdj tgd

Frdjhg. oj tgdor turj. pn`ydi tgd vòjbneroeus `ji objemojoeusrend ef tgd Srusso`js oj 0736. tgd Srusso`j Bdjdr`n Xt`ff. wge tgos

tomd gì h`nhun`tdi `ji prevoidi fer dvdrytgojb iewj te tgd

n`st auttej. wdrd g`nf-surprosdi `t tgd d`sd wotg wgohg tgdy wdrd

ànd te ojvìd Fr`jhd `ji idstrey tgd Frdjhg `rmods oj tgd fodni

`ji n`y sodbd te S`ros*0 Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. oj 0?09 tgd Srusso`j

Bdjdr`n Xt`ff ef tgd i`y. wge wdrd easdssdi ay tgd mdmery ef

wg`t gì g`ppdjdi ferty-feur yd`rs adferd. wdrd `stejosgdi `t

wg`t g`ppdjdi tgos tomd wgdj tgdy rdpd`tdi tgd ojv`soej ef

Fr`jhd wotg `pp`rdjtny brd`tdr eiis oj tgdor f`veur tg`j tgdor

prdidhdssers gì addj ànd te heujt upej oj 0723* Oj 0?09 tgd

Bdrm`js djheujtdrdi ` Frdjhg rdsost`jhd fer wgohg tgd h`mpòbjef 0723 effdrdi je prdhdidjt< `ji tgdor ujidr-dstom`td ef Frdjhg

mer`n oj 0?09 w`s ejd ef sdvdr`n psyhgeneboh`n mosh`nhun`toejs

wgohg. humun`tovdny. wdrd rdspejsoand oj n`rbd md`surd fer Bdr-

m`jy"s foj`n idfd`t oj tgd R`r ef 0?09-07* Ygd Bdrm`js fdnn ojte

tgos p`rtohun`r drrer ef kuibdmdjt adhùsd tgdy jdbndhtdi te t`ld

ojte `hheujt tgd memdjteus dffdht ef tgd stomunus wgohg tgdor ewjf`tgdrs gì ìmojostdrdi te Fr`jhd oj id`nojb gdr tgd anew ef

0723* Ygos stomunus gì rdvd`ndi otsdnf `nrdìy. adferd tgd R`r ef0723 w`s evdr. oj tgd hejtr`st adtwddj tgd iiaihls `t Xdi`j `ji

0 Ot w`s tgd bn`meur ef J`pendej O"s vohterods tg`t anojidi tgd Frdjhg te rd`notods oj

0723. kust `s. oj 0736. tgd Srusso`js gì addj anojidi te rd`notods ay tgd bn`meur ef tgdvohterods ef Frdidrohl tgd Brd`t* @mejb jdutr`n spdht`ters. tgd dxpdht`toej ef ` Frdjhgvohtery oj 0723 w`s woidsprdì wgdj w`r areld eut* Ygd wjtdr ef tgos Xtuiy pessdssds` m`p. puanosgdi `t tg`t memdjt ay Ygd Onnustr`tdi Nejiej Jdws. oj wgohg tgd sdhtoejhevdrdi ay tgd Bdrm`j Qgojdn`ji os projtdi oj rdi oj eridr te pohl ot eut ej tgd `ssump-toej tg`t ot os idstojdi te ad tgd w`r-zejd Ygd Frdjhg @rmy otsdnf os sòi te g`vd addjsuppnodi wotg m`ps ef Bdrm`jy aut jet wotg m`ps ef Fr`jhd




Mdtz `ji tgd stuaaerj rdsost`jhd ef tgd pdepnd ef S`ros oj ` sodbdfrem wgohg tgdy gì je gepd ef adojb idnovdrdi* Ygd s`md stomu-

nus rdvd`ndi otsdnf `bòj `t ` n`tdr i`td `ji oj ` suanom`tdi ferm oj

tgd @ffòrd Irdyfus. wgdj ` mer`n ossud storrdi tgd wgend Frdjhgj`toej te tgd idptgs* Fer tgesd wge gì dyds te sdd. ot w`s dvoidjt

tg`t tgos w`s tgd turjojb-peojt `t wgohg tgd sgehl ef idfd`t. stonn

werlojb oj Frdjhg seuns. gì tr`jsn`tdi otsdnf ojte tgd storrojbs ef

rdbdjdr`toej <`ji se. te prepdrny ojstruhtdi easdrvdrs. tgd dxtrdmd

ioffdrdjhd adtwddj tgd suhhdssovd Frdjhg rd`htoejs te suhhdssovd

Bdrm`j ojv`soejs oj 0723 `ji oj 0?09 ioi jet hemd `ntebdtgdr `s

` surprosd*

Ygdtdj`hoty

ef tgd Frdjhg rdsost`jhd

iurojbtgd

R`ref

0?09-07 ` tdj`hoty wgohg w`s symaenozdi ay tgd idfdjhd ef Vdriujw`s ejd ef tgd projhop`n f`hters oj tgd vohtery ef tgd @nnodi `ji

@sseho`tdi Sewdrs* Sdrg`ps tgd mest omprdssovd fd`turd oj tgd

adg`voeur ef tgd Frdjhg iurojb tgesd w`r-yd`rs w`s tgd fertotuid

wotg wgohg tgdy djiurdi tgd idv`st`toej ef semd ef tgd wd`ntgodst

`ji mest v`nuànd p`rts ef tgdor j`toej`n tdrrotery <`ji tgd sdqudn os

stonn merd rdm`rlànd* @ symp`tgdtoh `ji ìmorojb wotjdss ef

Frdjhg j`toej`n gdreosm iurojb tgos w`r mobgt g`vd om`bojdi. `t

tgd tomd. tg`t gd w`s wotjdssojb tgd id`tg ef ` j`toej ej tgd fodni ef

gejeur* "Fr`jhd". gd mobgt g`vd prepgdsodi. "m`y pessoany dmdrbd

vohteroeus. aut gdr vohtery wonn hdrtòjny ad tgd id`tg ef gdr* Ygos

nejb-ir`wj-eut idv`st`toej ef tgd w`r-zejd must g`vd ojfnohtdi `

mert`n weuji upej tgd Frdjhg j`toej`n dhejemy* Ygdsd tdrroand

h`su`ntods must g`vd ieemdi tgd pepun`toej ef Fr`jhd te `j

orrdtrodvànd idhnojd* @ m`bjofohdjt dutg`j`so`! _dt id`tg os stonn

id`tg ef tgd aeiy. dvdj wgdj ot g`s addj reaadi ef ots sporotu`n

stojb*" Xuhg prepgdts jdvdr ird`mdi tg`t tgd bg`stny weujiwgohg w`s adojb ojfnohtdi ej Fr`jhd weuni `htu`nny rdkuvdj`td gdr*

_dt se ot g`s turjdi eut* Oj tgd rdhejstruhtoej ef tgd idv`st`tdi

`rd`s. tgd wgend m`tdro`n `pp`r`tus ef nofd g`s gì te ad rdjdwdi*

Ygd idaros ef tgd eni dquopmdjt g`s j`tur`nny addj rdpn`hdi ayjdw dquopmdjt ef tgd n`tdst p`ttdrj < `ji. `s tgd werl ef rdjev`toej

g`s prehddidi. tgd Frdjhg g`vd hemd te hejbr`tun`td tgdmsdnvds

ej tgd `hhoidjt wgohg tgdy n`mdjtdi se aottdrny wgond tgd idv`st`-

toej w`s t`lojb pn`hd tg`t tgd w`r-zejd g`ppdjdi te ojhnuid tgd

m`keroty ef tgdor ojiustro`n iostrohts* Rgdtgdr tgd hest ef rdhej-

struhtoej `htu`nny g`s addj. er dvdr wonn ad. idfr`ydi ay Bdrm`j

Qdp`r`toejs p`ymdjts os ` sdheji`ry qudstoej* Oj tgd foftddjtg

yd`r `ftdr tgd @rmostohd. ot os `nrdìy dvoidjt tg`t ot g`s prefotdi

Fr`jhd g`jisemdny te g`vd gì gdr g`ji ferhdi ay idv`st`toej.

dvdj of tgd hejsdqudjt rdhejstruhtoej g`s gì te ad h`rrodi eut

`nmest djtordny `t Frdjhg dxpdjsd* Oj tgos hempunsery rdjev`toej



oe7 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

ef gdr ojiustro`n pn`jt. Fr`jhd g`s addj hempdnndi te m`ld `j

ojdstomàny v`nuànd h`pot`n ojvdstmdjt* Merdevdr. gdr bòj os jet

te ad md`surdi oj hruid tdrms ef orej `ji stddn `ji arohls `ji

mert`r* @ jdw `pp`r`tus ojvenvds ` jdw tdhgjoqud< `ji ` jdwtdhgjoqud ojvenvds ` jdw sporot*

Ot os je p`rìex te s`y tg`t. oj

tgd rdhejstruhtoej ef tgd idv`st`tdi `rd`s. Fr`jhd gdrsdnf g`s

rdjdwdi gdr yeutg*0

@s fer Bdrm`jy. tgd mor`hnd wgohg ` monot`ry idv`st`toej g`s

`hhempnosgdi oj ejd f`sgoej fer vohteroeus Fr`jhd g`s addj

`hhempnosgdi oj `jetgdr f`sgoej fer tgd idfd`tdi rov`n ef Fr`jhd ay` foj`jho`n ojfn`toej* Ot os `nrdìy dvoidjt tg`t tgd anews wgohg g`vd

addj ròjdi

upej Bdrm`jysojhd tgd @rmostohd ef

0?07`rd

g`vojbtgd s`md stomun`tojb dffdht `s tgd anews ojfnohtdi ej Srusso` `

hdjtury `be oj 0736-2 *1 Oj f`ht. tgd ujfrodjiny sdrvohd wgohg tgd

Bdrm`js ioi te tgd Frdjhg adferd tgd @rmostohd g`s addj iejd aytgd Frdjhg te tgd Bdrm`js iurojb tgdsd pest-w`r yd`rs <

se tg`t `j

easdrvdr wge pdrhdovdi ejny tgd eutw`ri `htoejs `ji tgdor dffdhts.

wotgeut adojb `w`rd ef tgd metovds adgoji tgdm er tgd tdmpdr

ojfermojb tgdm. mobgt `nmest om`bojd tg`t Fr`jhd `ji Bdrm`jywdrd twe fn`bdnn`jts wge gì bejd ojte ` p`rtjdrsgop oj `shdtohosm

ujidr ` mutu`n vew te wodni tgd n`sg fer ejd `jetgdr oj turj*

"Ygdsd `rd tgdy wgohg h`md eut ef brd`t troaun`toej"<8 `ji hdr-

tòjny. oj tgd ùtumj ef 0?80. wgdj tgd forst ir`ft ef tgos hg`ptdr

w`s wrottdj. aetg Fr`jhd `ji Bdrm`jy sddmdi te ad ndss f`r frem

s`nv`toej tg`j Brd`t Arotòj; tgd ejd Brd`t Sewdr oj Durepdwgohg gì suhhddidi fer merd tg`j sdvdjtddj yd`rs `ftdr tgd eut-

ard`l ef tgd Brd`t R`r oj turjojb tgd anews ef Fertujd `soid `ji

`veoiojb aetg tgd twe h`n`motods ef ojv`soej `ji ojfn`toej* @j

Djbnosgm`j. hemmujojb wotg gos ewj seun oj tgd ùtumj ef tgd

yd`r 0?80 `ftdr tgd henn`psd ef tgd Seuji Xtdrnojb ej tgd 1ost

Xdptdmadr. mobgt wdnn `sl gomsdnf wgdtgdr tgos Arotosg teur id

ferhd gì jet rd`nny addj ` pdrvdrsd dv`soej ef "tgojbs tg`t `hhem-

p`jy s`nv`toej"9 ` pdrvdrsoty wgdrday Brd`t Arotòj gì sompnyhejidmjdi gdrsdnf te "werl eut" gdr "ewj s`nv`toej" adn`tdiny "wotg

0 Oj tgd ùtumj ef 0?80. semd tgortddj yd`rs `ftdr tgd @rmostohd. ej tgd merrew eftgd f`nn ef tgd Seuji Xtdrnojb frem tgd Beni Xt`ji`ri. Fr`jhd memdjt`rony feujigdrsdnf `j ` pesotoejm tgd Rerni wgohg. dvdj `t tgd tomd ef tgd Sd`hd Hejfdrdjhd. ot gì

sddmdi ojhejhdovànd tg`t sgd sgeuni dvdr ehhupy `bòj* @t tg`t memdjt. sgd pessdssdi`ji dxdrhosdi `j dffdhtovd monot`ry suprdm`hy `ji penotoh`n gdbdmejy ej tgd Durepd`jHejtojdjt. sgd w`s prdiemoj`jt evdr tgd wgend et Durepd oj tgd òr< sgd w`s sdheji

ejny te tgd Tjotdi Xt`tds oj gdr geniojb ef beni. `ji sgd w`s oj ` hejspohueusny adttdr

dhejemoh pesotoej tg`j `jy etgdr brd`t heujtry oj tgd Rerni oj vortud et gdr rdn`tovd

ommujoty. fer tgd tomd adojb. frem tgd ojhoidjhd eftgd werni-woid dhejemoh idprdssoej*Ot w`s `s of. wgdj [dus gurndi tgd tgujidr-aent wgohg w`s te `jjogon`td Xdmdnd. gos

idfdjhdndss vohtom gì addj tr`jsfoburdi. `t tgd streld. ojte @tgdjd rìo`jt oj gdr

sgojojb `rmeur*1 Ygos p`ss`bd w`s wrottdj oj tgd summdr ef 0?80. `ji ot stonn genis beei `t tgd

memdjt ef rdvosoej oj tgd sprojb ef 0?888 Qdvdn`toej voo* 09* 9 Gdardws vo* ?*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF ANERX 03?

fd`r `ji trdmanojb".0 ojstdì ef g`vojb s`nv`toej tgrust upej gdr

adtomds* "Fer wgesedvdr wonn s`vd gos nofd sg`nn nesd ot*"1

Ygd hn`ssoh dx`mpnd ef tgd stomun`tojb dffdht ef ` anew os tgd

rd`htoej ef Gdnn`s oj bdjdr`n. `ji @tgdjs oj p`rtohun`r. te tgdejsnùbgt ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Sewdr tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td

oj 973-92? A*H*

"Ygd v`stjdss ef tgd ferhds dmpneydi oj tgd dxpdiotoej ef Wdrxds Lojbef Sdrso` `bòjst Gdnn`s h`st tgd sgìew ef ` tdrroand i`jbdr evdr tgd

Gdnndjoh Xehodty* Ygd st`lds fer wgohg tgd Gdnndjds wdrd h`nndi upej te

fobgt wdrd sn`vdry er frddiem. wgond tgd f`ht tg`t tgd Gdnndjoh hem-

mujotods oj @so` gì `nrdìy addj djsn`vdi hrd`tdi ` prdsumptoej oj

dvdry moji tg`t tgd hemmujotods oj Gdnn`s otsdnf weuni dxpdrodjhd tgd

s`md f`td* Rgdj. gewdvdr. tgd w`r rdsuntdi. hejtr`ry te dxpdht`toej.

oj ots `m`zojb ossud. tgd ojgàot`jts ef Gdnn`s feuji tgdmsdnvds jet ejny

rdnodvdi frem tgd i`jbdrs wgohg gì tgrd`tdjdi tgdm aut pessdssdi. oj

ìiotoej. ef gejeur `ji bnery. wgond dvdry Gdnndjoh hemmujoty w`s

fonndi wotg suhg `ffnudjhd tg`t tgd wgend Rerni w`s `stejosgdi `t tgd

hempndtdjdss wotg wgohg tgd sotu`toej gì addj rdvdrsdi*"

Iurojb tgd g`nf hdjtury tg`t fennewdi tgos dpehg. Gdnn`s mìd v`st

stroids oj prespdroty* Iurojb tgos pdroei. tgd dffdhts ef tgd jdw `ffnudjhd

sgewdi tgdmsdnvds oj tgd prebrdss ef tgd `rts<`ji `rtosts `s brd`t `s `jy

rdheridi oj gostery. ojhnuiojb tgd shunpter Sgdoio`s. fneurosgdi `t tgd

tomd* Ygdrd w`s `j dqu`nny sobj`n ìv`jhd oj tgd ojtdnndhtu`n fodni. oj

wgohg pgonesepgy `ji puanoh-spd`lojb wdrd sojbndi eut fer spdho`n

gejeur tgreubgeut tgd Gdnndjoh Rerni `ji p`rtohun`rny `t @tgdjs* Oj

pgonesepgy tgdrd w`s tgd shgeen ef Xehr`tds. Sn`te. `ji @rostetnd< oj

puanoh-spd`lojb tgdrd wdrd suhg foburds `s Sdrohnds. Osehr`tds `ji Ose-

hr`tds+ pupons< `ji tgdsd wdrd a`n`jhdi ay mdj ef `htoej wotg brd`t

monot`ry rdput`toejs nold Montoìds. Ygdmostehnds. @rostoids. Homej.

Myrejoids `ji ` nejb `rr`y ef etgdr j`mds tee jumdreus te mdjtoej*

"Oj tgd ferdfrejt ef `nn. @tgdjs `hgodvdi suhg troumpgs ef bnery `ji

prewdss tg`t gdr j`md wej `nmest werni-woid rdjewj* Xgd ojhrd`sdi

gdr `shdji`jhy te suhg ` peojt tg`t. wotg gdr ewj rdseurhds. ujsup-

pertdi ay tgd N`hdi`dmejo`js `ji Sdnepejjdso`js. sgd areld tgd

rdsost`jhd ef pewdrfun Sdrso`j ferhds ej n`ji `ji sd` `ji se gumandi

tgd proid ef tgd f`meus Sdrso`j Dmpord tg`t sgd hempdnndi ot te noadr`td

ay trd`ty `nn tgd Gdnndjoh hemmujotods oj @so`*"8

Ygd prd-dmojdjhd ef @tgdjo`j vot`noty oj tgos eutaurst ef Gdn-

ndjoh nofd wgohg fennewdi tgd rdpunsd ef Wdrxds" ejsnùbgt os hem-p`rànd wotg tgd rdkuvdj`toej ef Fr`jhd `ftdr tgd R`r ef 0?09-07 <

fer @tgdjs ej tg`t ehh`soej. nold Fr`jhd ej tgos. aerd tgd arujt ef

tgd stomun`tojb anew* Rgond tgd fdrtond fodnis ef Aedeto` wdrd s`vdi

frem idv`st`toej ay tgd trd`hgdry ef tgdor ewjdrs te tgd Gdnndjoh

hùsd. `ji tgd fdrtond fodnis ef N`hdi`dmej ay tgd prdsdjhd `ji tgd

0Sgogppo`js 00* 01*

1 M`ttgdw xvo* 14*

8 Ioeierus ef @byjum; @ Noar`ry ef Tjovdrs`n Gostery. Aeel WOO. hgs* o-` 0*



je YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

prewdss ef tgd @tgdjo`j fnddt `t X`n`mos. tgd peer n`ji ef @ttoh`

w`s idv`st`tdi systdm`toh`nny ay tgd ojvìdrs oj twe suhhdssovd

sd`sejs* Ojiddi. @ttoh` suffdrdi merd oj 973-92? A*H* tg`j Fr`jhd

oj @K:* 0?09-07 < fer tgd Bdrm`js ejny suhhddidi oj ehhupyojb `fr`htoej. `nadot `j dspdho`nny v`nuànd fr`htoej. ef tgd Frdjhg

j`toej`n tdrrotery. wgdrd`s tgd Sdrso`js ehhupodi `ji idv`st`tdi

tgd wgend ef @ttoh`. ojhnuiojb @tgdjs otsdnf `ji tgd @hrepenos `ji

tgd tdmpnd ef @tgdjd. ej tgd summot ef tgd rehl. wgohg w`s tgd

@ttoh geny ef genods* Ygd wgend pepun`toej ef @ttoh` mdj.

wemdj. `ji hgonirdj gì te dv`hu`td tgd heujtry `ji hress tgd

sd` te tgd Sdnepejjdsd `s rdfubdds <`ji ot w`s oj tgos sotu`toej tg`t

tgd @tgdjo`j fnddt

feubgt`ji wej tgd A`ttnd ef X`n`mos. wotgoj

sobgt ef tgd vohters" à`jiejdi fodnis `ji ruojdi gemds `ji `nt`rs*

Ot os je wejidr tg`t ` anew wgohg `reusdi tgos ojiemotànd sporot

oj tgd @tgdjo`j pdepnd sgeuni g`vd addj tgd prdnuid te `hgodvd-

mdjts wgohg `rd pdrg`ps ujoqud oj tgd gostery ef M`jloji fer

tgdor aronno`jhd `ji muntotuid `ji v`rodty* Oj tgd m`tdro`n rdhej-

struhtoej ef @ttoh`. tgd jdw dquopmdjt ef tgd f`rmstdìs surp`ssdi

tgd eni `s hejspohueusny `s tgd jdw dquopmdjt ef tgd Frdjhg

f`hterods g`s surp`ssdi tgd pn`jt idstreydi ay Bdrm`j sgdnn-ford*

G`nf ` hdjtury n`tdr. tgos jdw `pp`r`tus ef `brohunturd oj @ttoh` w`s

stonn se f`r supdroer te `jytgojb tg`t w`s te ad feuji oj etgdr p`rts

ef Gdnn`s tg`t wgdj @tgdjs adtr`ydi ojte fenny ay dxhdss ef beeifertujd `t n`st hejkurdi up `bòjst gdrsdnf `j evdrwgdnmojbheujtdr-he`notoej ef etgdr Sewdrs. tgd Aedeto`j hejtojbdjt oj tgd

@nnodi `ji @sseho`tdi @rmods feuji ot wertg wgond te h`rry eff tgd

weeiwerl ef tgd @ttoh f`rm-auoniojbs aeiony `hress tgd meuj-

tòjs*0

_dt. oj tgd rdhejstruhtoej ef @ttoh`. tgos ompesojb rd-

dquopmdjt ef tgd f`rmstdìs w`s jetgojb `hheujtdi ef* Ygd werl"

wgohg w`s rdb`ridi `s truny symaenoh ef tgd heujtry"s bneroeus

rdsurrdhtoej w`s tgd rdauoniojb ef tgd tdmpnds <`ji oj tgos werl

Sdrohnd`j @tgdjs iospn`ydi ` vot`noty f`r supdroer te tg`t ef pest-w`rFr`jhd* Rgdj tgd Frdjhg rdhevdrdi tgd a`ttdrdi sgdnn ef Qghoms

H`tgdir`n. tgdy pdrfermdi ` poeus rdster`toej ef d`hg sg`ttdrdi

stejd `ji spnojtdrdi st`tud* Rgdj tgd @tgdjo`js feuji tgd Gdl`-

0 Ygos f`ht os rdheridi oj tgd fr`bmdjt ef ` gostery ef Gdnndjoh `ffòrs. ef ujljewj

ùtgersgop. wgohg g`s hemd te nobgt ej tgd Exyrgyjhgus S`pyrus* Ygd rdndv`jt p`ss`bdrujs `s fennews ;

"Ygdads gì djkeydi ` brd`t ojhrd`sd oj bdjdr`n prespdroty `s `j ommdio`td rdsunt eftgd eutard`l ef tgd @tgdje-Sdnepejjdso`j R`r * * sgd prespdrdi stonn merd `ftdr tgd

keojt Ygda`je-N`hdi`dmejo`j ehhup`toej ef Idhdnd`* Rgond tgd ehhup`toej n`stdi.tgd Ygda`js aeubgt up hgd`p tgd sn`vds `ji etgdr prozd ef w`r< `ji tgd t`ht tg`t tgdywdrd tgd @tgdjo`js" jdxt-ieer jdobgaeurs djàndi tgdm te tr`jspeot te tgd Ygdaòi`nn tgd

h`pot`n dquopmdjt ef @ttoh`. ojhnuiojb tgd vdry tomadr `ji tonojb ef tgd auoniojbs*@t tg`t tomd tgd @ttoh heujtrysoid w`s merd n`vosgny dquoppdi tg`j `jy etgdr oj Gdnn`s*Ot gì suffdrdi vdry nottnd oj tgd prdvoeus N`hdi`dmejo`j ojv`soejs. `ji `j ommdjsd`meujt ef slonn `ji nàeur gì addj ojvdstdi oj ot ay tgd @tgdjo`js* * *" 'Gdnnhjoh`

Exyrgyjhgo` 'Exferi 0?3?. Tjovdrsoty Srdss/. xoo* 8-9*/



YGD XYOMTNTX EF ANERX oj

tempdiej aurjt iewj te tgd feuji`toejs. tgdy ndt tgd feuji`toejs

nod `ji prehddidi. ej ` jdw sotd. te hrd`td tgd S`rtgdjej*

@s fer Xp`rt`. sgd gì te wòt fer tgd stomunus wgohg sgd gì

addj sp`rdi er idjodi ay Idstojy oj 973-92? A*H* ujton ot w`s`hheridi te gdr semd foftddj yd`rs n`tdr ay `j `ht ef Bei* Ot w`s

tgd brd`t d`rtgqu`ld ef 969 A*H* ` h`t`strepgd wgohg nòi tgd Hotyef Xp`rt` oj ruojs `ji ròsdi `nn tgd Gdnets ef N`hejo` oj rdvent

`bòjst tgdor strohldj m`stdrs tg`t put tgd Xp`rt`js ej tgdor mdttnd

`bòj `ji jdrvdi tgdm forst te hgdhl tgd dxp`jsoej ef tgd @tgdjo`j

Dmpord `ji n`tdr te put `j dji te ots dxostdjhd* @s fer Ygdads. sgd

ioi jet hempndtdny rdhevdr frem tgd idmer`noz`toej efgdr "Mdiosm"

oj

973A*H*. jer

wgenny

dff`hd ots

stobm`.

ujton `nmest `

hdjturyn`tdr

wgdj. oj tgd yd`r 871. tgd Beis `t n`st gì mdrhy ej gdr `ji

ojspordi tgd Xp`rt`js te sdozd ay frùi `ji geni ay ferhd tgd Ygda`j

hotìdn. tgd Hìmd`* Tjidr tgd stomunus ef tgos gd`vdj-sdjt anew.

Ygdads `hgodvdi. fer ` sd`sej. tgd mor`hnd ef ìiojb ` huaot te gdr

st`turd* Ygd noadr`toej ef tgd Hìmd` oj 827 A*H* w`s fennewdi aytgd vohtery ef Nduhtr` oj 820 `ji tgd ojv`soej ef N`hejo` oj 823*

Ygdads gì jet ejny funfonndi gdr `jhodjt `maotoej ef dstànosgojb

`j ujiosputdi ùtgeroty evdr tgd etgdr hoty-st`tds ef Aedeto`<sgd

gì `htu`nny idfd`tdi tgd ojvojhoand Xp`rt`js `ji ròidi tgdor

ojvoenànd tdrrotery `ji wrdstdi frem tgdm tgd gdbdmejy ef tgd

Gdnndjoh Rerni*

Oj tgos sdrods ef dx`mpnds frem tgd monot`ry `ji penotoh`n gosterods

ef sevdrdobj st`tds. tgd stomunus ef anews os m`jofdst* _dt of tgdsd

dx`mpnds w`rr`jt tgd ojfdrdjhd tg`t "tgd gd`vodr tgd anew tgd

strejbdr tgd stomunus" os ` bdjuojd seho`n n`w. wd must adw`rd ef

m`lojb tgd furtgdr ojfdrdjhd tg`t Monot`rosm oj otsdnf os ` seurhd ef

hrd`tovd djdrby < fer tgd gosteroh dx`mpnds ef eur prdsdjt n`w `rd

jet hejfojdi te tgd a`ttnd-fodni.0 `ji tgdrd `rd etgdr mdioums

adsoids tgesd ef w`r `ji penotohs oj wgohg tgdsd stomun`tojb anews

`rd id`nt `ji rdhdovdi*

Ygd hn`ssoh dx`mpnd. wgohg wd g`vd rdsdrvdi ujton tgd dji ef

tgos hg`ptdr. os prdsdjtdi ej tgd fodni ef rdnoboej oj tgd @hts ef tgd

@pestnds* Ygdsd iyj`moh `hts. wgohg wdrd te woj tgd wgend

Gdnndjoh Rerni fer Hgrosto`joty `s tgdy werldi tgdmsdnvds eut oj

tgd funnjdss ef tomd. wdrd hejhdovdi `t tgd memdjt wgdj tgd

@pestndswdrd neelojb stdìf`stny tew`ri Gd`vdj `s tgdor Neri wdjt

o Ejd ef tgd jeteroeus iddis ef Monot`rosm m rdhdjt Rdstdrj gostery tgd aurjojbef tgd hoty ef @tn`jt`. Bderbo`. ay Bdjdr`n Xgdrm`j oj @ I* 0769 g`s stomun`tdi tgd

strohldj hoty te ròsd gdrsdnf te `j dmojdjhd oj tgd `rts ef pd`hd wgohg sgd gì jdvdr

`ttòjdi oj gdr `jtd-adnnum ojf`jhy Xgdrm`j hg`nndjbdi @tn`jt` te sgew gdr idstreydr

tg`t sgd w`s jet ` Sdrsdpenos aut ` pgedjox < `ji gd tùbgt gdr tgd w`y ay epdjojbZgdr

dyds te tgd ojidstruhtoand ompert`jhd ef gdr bdebr`pgoh`n pesotoej `s ` rònw`y kujhtoej*

Ej tgd merrew efgdr ios`stdr. @tn`jt`teel fer gdr hovoh mette tgd N`toj weri Qdsurbdjs.

`ji turjdi gdr str`tdboh pesotoej te hemmdrho`n `hheujt ay m`lojb gdrsdnf ojte ` iostro-

autojb hdjtrd fer tgd wgend ef tgd seutg-d`stdrj Tjotdi Xt`tds.



us YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

up eut ef tgdor sobgt*0 @t tgd memdjt. ot w`s ` hrusgojb anew fer

tgdm te nesd `bòj tgd pdrsej`n prdsdjhd ef` M`stdrwge gì se n`tdny

rdturjdi te tgdm frem tgd idì* _dt tgd vdry gd`vojdss ef tgd anew

dveldi. oj tgdor seuns. ` prepertoej`tdny pewdrfun psyhgeneboh`nrd`htoej wgohg os hejvdydi mytgeneboh`nny oj tgd mdss`bd ef tgd

twe mdj oj wgotd `pp`rdn1 `ji oj tgd idshdjt ef tgd Sdjtdhest`n

tejbuds ef ford*8 Oj tgd pewdr ef tgd Geny Bgest. tgdy prd`hgdi

tgd iovojoty ef tgd hruhofodi `ji v`josgdi Kdsus jet ejny te tgd

Kdwosg pepun`hd aut te tgd X`jgdiroj<

9`ji. wotgoj tgrdd hdjturods.

tgd Qem`j Bevdrjmdjt otsdnf h`potun`tdi te tgd Hgurhg wgohg tgd

@pestnds gì feujidi `t ` memdjt ef dxtrdmd sporotu`n prestr`toej*

V* YGD XYOMTNTX EF SQDXXTQDX

"M`rhgds" `ji "Ojtdroers"

Xe muhg fer tgd stomunus ef tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt wgdj ots

omp`ht t`lds tgd ferm ef ` suiidj dxtdrj`n anew* Rd g`vd jdxt te

dx`mojd tgd h`sds oj wgohg tgd omp`ht t`lds tgd ioffdrdjt ferm ef `

hejtojueus dxtdrj`n prdssurd*

Oj tdrms ef penotoh`n bdebr`pgy. tgd pdepnds. st`tds. er hotods

wgohg `rd dxpesdi te suhg prdssurd f`nn. fer tgd mest p`rt. wotgojtgd bdjdr`n h`tdbery ef "m`rhgds"

<`ji tgd adst w`y te stuiy tgd

dffdhts ef tgos p`rtohun`r loji ef prdssurd dmporoh`nny os te m`ld

semd survdy ef tgd p`rts pn`ydi ay m`rhgds. oj tgd gosterods ef tgd

sehodtods er hemmujotods te wgohg tgdy adnejb. oj hemp`rosej wotg

tgd p`rts pn`ydi ay etgdr tdrroterods tg`t adnejb rdspdhtovdny te tgd

s`md sehodtods er hemmujotods aut `rd sotu`tdi bdebr`pgoh`nny oj

tgdor "ojtdroers"*4

Oj tgd Dbypto`h Rerni

Oj tgd gostery ef tgd Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej. fer dx`mpnd. wd g`vd

jetohdi `nrdìy. oj `jetgdr hejjdxoej.6tg`t. ej je ndss tg`j tgrdd

memdjteus ehh`soejs. tgd heursd ef Dbypto`h gostery w`s iordhtdi

ay Sewdrs eroboj`tojb oj tgd seutg ef Tppdr Dbypt* Ygd feuji`-

toej ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiem horh` 8133 A*H*. tgd feuji`toej ef

tgd ujovdrs`n st`td horh` 1323%1363 A*H*. `ji tgd rdster`toej ef tgd

ujovdrs`n st`td horh`

0473A*H*. wdrd `nn

`hhempnosgdi aySewdrs

tg`t eroboj`tdi wotgoj tgos j`rrewnyhorhumshroadi iostroht* Rd m`yeasdrvd jew. `prepes ef eur prdsdjt ojquory. tg`t tgos iostroht os

0 @hts o* ?-03*+ @hts o* ne-oo* 8 @hts oo* 0-9*

9 @hts oo-v*

4 Oj S`rt OV. adnew. wd sg`nn g`vd ehh`soej te rdhur te tgos survdy ef tgd p`rts pn`ydiay m`rhgds. `prepes ef tgd p`tgeneboh`n pgdjemdjej ef `j dxhdssovd hejhdjtr`toej ef

djdrby upej hdrtòj p`rtohun`r `htovotods wgohg òd tgd rdspejsds te p`rtohun`r hg`nndjbds*@j dx`mpnd ef tgos pgdjemdjej wgohg os hejspohueus oj tgd gosterods ef m`rhgds os tgdseho`n m`nìy h`nndi Monot`rosm

6 Xdd O* H 'j/. ven* o. p* 093. feetjetd 1. àevd. fennewojb Mdydr. D* * Bdshgugtd f`s

@ntdrtums. ven* 00 'o/. 1ji diotoej. pp* 63-0*



YGD XYOMTNTX EF SQDXXTQDX 008

heojhoidjt wotg tgd Xeutgdrj M`rhg ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni wgohgw`s dxpesdi te prdssurd frem tgd a`ra`ro`js ef Juao`* @ji of wdneel furtgdr ojte Dbypto`h gostery frem eur prdsdjt `jbnd ef vosoej.

wd sg`nn foji etgdr m`rhgdspn`yojb dquov`ndjt p`rts oj rd`htoej te

prdssurds frem a`ra`ro`js er frem `nodj hovonoz`toejs wgohg om-

pojbdi upej tgd Dbypto`h Rerni frem etgdr qu`rtdrs* Oj p`rtohu-

n`r. ` prdssurd frem Jertg-Rdstdrj @froh` er frem Xeutg-Rdstdrj

@so` w`s `pt te h`nn ojte dxostdjhd. oj tgd Dbypto`h Rerni. `

p`r`meujt Sewdr wotg ots sd`t oj tgd herrdspejiojb m`rhgds ej

tgos er tg`t frojbd ef tgd Idnt`* 0

Ygd pen`roz`toej ef penotoh`n pewdr `t tgd twe dxtrdmotods ef tgd

Dbypto`h iemòj w`s `j d`rny `s wdnn `s ` pdrsostdjt pgdjemdjejef Dbypto`h gostery* @ hejsenoi`toej ef tgd twdjty er tgorty ejhd

ojidpdjidjt neh`n st`tds ef tgd Newdr Jond V`nndy1 ojte twe dmpords

wotg tgd Jertgdrj `ji tgd Xeutgdrj M`rhg `s tgdor rdspdhtovdjuhndo w`s tgd prdnuid te tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiem<`ji `ftdr tgos iu`nosm gì addj hejvdrtdi ojte ujoty tgreubg tgd

troumpg ef tgd Xeutgdrj evdr tgd Jertgdrj Sewdr. tgd mdmery ef

ot w`s stonn ldpt `novd oj tgd symaenosm ef tgd Ieuand Hrewj. ujton

`t n`st. `ftdr tgd p`ss`bd ef semd twe tgeus`ji yd`rs. tgd Jertgdrj

M`rhg suhhddidi oj h`pturojb oj ots turj. `ji tgdjhdfertg rdtòjojb.tgd prom`hy* Oj tgd tgortddjtg hdjtury A*H*. jdw prdssurds frem

tgd Gottotd Sewdr ej tgd @so`toh mòjn`ji `ji frem tgd pest-Moje`j Venldrw`jidrujb oj tgd Ndv`jt hùsdi tgd shdptrd te p`ssfrem Ygdads. tgd gosteroh mdtrepenos ef tgd Xeutgdrj M`rhg. te

tgd Hoty ef Q`msds ; tgd jdw frejtodr-fertrdss ej tgd d`stdrj frojbd

ef tgd Idnt` wgohg jew bu`ridi tgos dxpesdi dxtrdmoty ef tgd

Dbypto`h Rerni `s Ygdads gì bu`ridi tgd frejtodr evdr `bòjst

Juao`*8

Ygdrd`ftdr. iurojbtgd soxtddj hdjturods ef

twonobgtwgohg

dn`psdi adtwddj tgd idhnojd ef "tgd Jdw Dmpord" `ji tgd untom`td

dxtojhtoej ef tgd Dbypto`h Xehodty oj tgd foftg hdjtury ef tgd

Hgrosto`j Dr`. penotoh`n pewdr rdvdrtdi te tgd Idnt` `s pdrsostdjtny

`s ot gì addj `pt te rdvdrt te tgd Xeutgdrj M`rhg iurojb tgd prd-

hdiojb twe tgeus`ji yd`rs* @ftdr adojb bevdrjdi oj tgd tgortddjtg

`ji twdnftg hdjturods A*H* frem Idntòh Q`msds. tgd Dbypto`h

0 d b* `t tgd Hoty ef Q`msds `ji `t Y`jos `ji `t Aua`stos ej tgd d`stdrj frojbd ef tgd

Idnt`< `t Xòs ej tgd wdstdrj frojbd 'sdd adnew/*

1 Ygd gosteroh`n "jemds". o*d* prevojhds. `s tgdy wdrd h`nndi `ftdr tgdor +mdio`toz`toej"*8 Fer tgos tr`jsfdr ef tgd h`pot`n frem Ygdads te tgd Hoty ef Q`msds. sdd Mdydr. D* ;

Bdshgohgtd ids @ntdrtums. ven* oo 'o/. 1ji diotoej. pp* 948-9. 972-7. `ji 9?9-4* Ygd Hotyef Q`msds w`s tgd forst Idntòh h`pot`n ef `j edhumdjoh`n Dbypto`h Xt`td wotg tgd dxhdptoejef @v`js

<`ji @v`js os tgd dxhdptoej wgohg prevds tgd rund

<fer @v`ros w`s tgd h`pot`n ef

tgd Gylses <`ji tgd Gylses wdrd `nodj ojtdrnepdrs oj tgd Dbypto`h Rerni wge jdvdr

fdnt tgdmsdnvds `t gemd tgdrd* Fer tgos rd`sej. tgd Gylses ioi jet `ttdmpt te dstànosg

tgdmsdnvds `j tgd ojtdroer. aut rdmòjdi djh`mpdi `t@v`js. ej tgd dibd ef tgdor Dbypto`jiemojoejs. oj eridr te lddp epdj tgdor nojd ef rdtrd`t te tgdor eroboj`n sdttndmdjts oj Xyro`*Ygus @v`ros. ujidr tgd Gylses rdbomd. w`s jet rd`nny tgd h`pot`n ef `j Dbypto`h Xt`td

aut r`tgdr tgd gdì-qu`rtdrs ef `j `nodj monot`ry ehhup`toej*

OO O



oo9 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

Rerni w`s bevdrjdi oj tgd dndvdjtg hdjtury frem Idntòh Y`jos

`ji oj tgd tdjtg `ji jojtg hdjturods frem Idntòh Aua`stos<`ji

tgd hn`ssoh ojst`jhd ef Idntòh p`r`meujthy os tgd rosd ef tgd

Ywdjty-Xoxtg Iyj`sty. wgohg eroboj`tdi oj tgd Idnt` oj rdspejsdte tgd hg`nndjbd ef tgd @ssyro`j ehhup`toej oj tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury

A*H* `ji h`md. `ftdr suppn`jtojb tgd ojtruidrs. te rund `nn Dbypt.

`s f`r seutg `s Dndpg`jtojd. frem Xòs* Ygd Xòtd Sewdr. tgus

feujidi. djiurdi ujton ot fòndi te rdspeji te `jetgdr hg`nndjbd

frem @so` oj fònojb te s`vd Dbypt frem penotoh`n ojherper`toej ojte

tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord* Ygd suasdqudjt suhhdssovd `ttdmpts

semd àertovd `ji etgdrs tdmper`rony suhhdssfun te tgrew eff tgd

@hg`dmdjo`j yeld`nn dm`j`tdi frem tgd Idnt` noldwosd*

Iurojbtgdsd hdjturods wgdj tgd Idnt` w`s penotoh`nny

oj tgd `shdji`jt. tgd

Ygdaòi w`s penotoh`nny oj dhnopsd* Ygd pesotoej ef pest-Ompdro`n

Ygdads oj tgd n`ttdr-i`y Dbypto`h Rerni rdsdmandi tg`t ef pest-

Ompdro`n Qemd iurojb tgd pest-Gdnndjoh ojtdrrdbjum `ji tgd

d`rny `bd ef Rdstdrj Hgrostdjiem* Ygd ho-idv`jt Ompdro`n Hoty

w`s pdrfujhterony hempdjs`tdi `ji hejsendi fer tgd ness ef ots

penotoh`n pewdr ay tgd djkeymdjt ef `j dhhndso`stoh`n prom`hywgohg w`s ` ndb`hy frem ots

prdvoeusbrd`tjdss `ji ` troautd te ots

djiurojb prdstobd*0

H`j wd ioshdrj wgy ot w`s tg`t. oj tgd hempdtotoej fer penotoh`n

p`r`meujthy adtwddj tgd Ygdaòi `ji tgd Idnt`. tgd Ygdaòi

gì tgd uppdr g`ji frem tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiemujton tgd idhnojd ef "tgd Jdw Dmpord". wgond tgd Idnt` gì tgd

uppdr g`ji tgdrd`ftdr 5 Ygos pdrm`jdjt hg`jbd oj tgd a`n`jhd ef

pewdr os te ad dxpnòjdi ay hdrtòj pdrm`jdjt hg`jbds oj tgd

ojhoidjhd ef dxtdrj`n prdssurd upej tgd Dbypto`h Rerni* Frem tgd

feurtddjtg `ji tgortddjtg hdjturods A*H* ejw`ris. tgd prdssurds

frem Jertg-Rdstdrj @froh` `jifrem Xeutg-Rdstdrj @so` idhoidiny

eutwdobgdi tgd prdssurds frem etgdr qu`rtdrs< `ji `hheriojbny.

iurojb tgdsd n`ttdr i`ys. tgd stomunus idrovdi frem dxtdrj`n prds-

surd w`s fdnt oj brd`tdst md`surd ay tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds oj tgd

Idnt`* Hejhurrdjtny. tgd prdssurd frem tgd Tppdr Jond V`nndy

rdn`xdi< `ji tgd hn`ssoh Xeutgdrj M`rhg. oj tgd sdhtoej ef tgd

v`nndy ommdio`tdny adnew tgd Forst H`t`r`ht. w`s rdndb`tdi te tgd

ojtdroer ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni ay `j dxtdjsoej ef tgd Dbypto`hiemòj up-rovdr*

Ygd hn`ssoh Xeutgdrj M`rhg w`s ejny ` m`rhg se nejb `s tgd

Forst H`t`r`ht m`rldi ` sg`rp nojd ef huntur`n iovosoej adtwddj tgd

Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej `ji ` Juao`j a`ra`rosm<`ji tgos hejiotoej

0 Xdd Mdydr. D* ; Bettdsst``t. Monot`rgdrrshg`ft uji Xtijidwdsdj oj @dbyptdj =

Adrohgtdj Adrn* @lì* 0?17. pp* 9?4 sdqq*< dujidm; BdshYjhgtdids@ntdrtums. ven* oo 'oo/.

`ji diotoej 'Xtuttb`rt `ji Adrnoj 0?80. Bett`/. pp* 6-63*




ioi jet prdvòn dotgdr oj tgd dvdjojb er `t tgd i`wj ef Dbypto`h

gostery* Oj tgd se-h`nndi prd-iyj`stoh `bd. tgdrd gì addj je

suast`jto`n ioffdrdjhd oj hunturd adtwddj tgd sdhtoejs ef tgd Jond

V`nndy adnew tgd Forst H`t`r`ht `ji àevd ot* Ygd ioffdrdjto`toej ef` iyj`moh hovonoz`toej oj Dbypt frem ` st`toh promotovd hunturd oj

Juao` idhn`rdi otsdnf ej tgd dvd ef tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi

Lojbiem< `ji tgd stomunus ef a`ra`ro`j prdssurd upej tgd

Dbypto`h frejtodrsmdj `t tgd jdw iovoiojb nojd pdrg`ps `hheujts

fer tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiem ay ` iyj`sty wgesd sd`t

w`s `t @n Là* Ygd jdw ioffdrdjhd oj huntur`n ndvdn adtwddj Dbypt`ji Juao` w`s `hhdjtu`tdi iurojb tgd rdbomd ef tgd Dbypto`hTjotdi

Lojbiem.`s tgd

Dbypto`hHovonoz`toej se`rdi te ots

zdjotg<`ji tgos huntur`n bunf rdmòjdi foxdi iurojb tgd suasdqudjt "Yomd

ef Yreuands" wgdj Juao` `ppd`rs te g`vd addj ehhupodi ay@fr`so`j Jemìs frem tgd Jertg-Rdst `ji `nse iurojb tgd

rdbomd ef tgd Dbypto`h ujovdrs`n st`td. wgohg w`s feujidi `ji

mòjtòjdi ay tgd Ygda`j dmpdrers ef tgd Dndvdjtg `ji Ywdnftg

Iyj`stods* Ygeubg Juao` w`s `jjdxdi te tgd Dbypto`h ujovdrs`n

st`td penotoh`nny. ots ojherper`toej ojte tgd Dbypto`h Rerni rdmòjdi

supdrfoho`n. nold tgd ojherper`toej ef tgd seutgdrj sdàe`ri ef

Hgoj` ojte tgd Xojoh Rerni ujidr tgd G`j* 0 Ygd Dbypto`h Hovonoz`-

toej w`s stonn dxetoh oj Juao`< `ji suhg neh`n ojtdr`htoej adtwddj

tgd twe hunturds `s teel pn`hd oj tg`t `bd rdsuntdi oj tgd a`ra`rozojbef tgd Dbypto`j b`rrosej `ji jet oj tgd hovonozojb ef tgd Juao`j

prendt`ro`t* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. Juao` w`s jet ejny penotoh`nny

`jjdxdi aut w`s `nsehuntur`nny `ssomon`tdi ay tgd rdsterdi Dbypto`h

ujovdrs`n st`td "tgd Jdw Dmpord" `ji `ftdr tgd erb`joz`toej ef

tgd jdw iemojoej ay Ygetgmds O 'ompdrà`t horh` 0442-0434 A*H*/

tgd seutgdrj aeuji`ry ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni steei jd`r tgd feet

ef tgd Feurtg H`t`r`ht. `t tgd jdw frejtodr-fertrdss ef J`p`t`.ojstdì ef st`jiojb `t tgd gdì ef tgd Forst H`t`r`ht `t tgd eni

frejtodr-fertrdss ef Dndpg`jtojd* Oj tgus idfojotovdny ojherper`tojb

Juao` ojte tgd Dbypto`h Rerni. tgd Ygda`j dmpdrers ef tgd

Dobgtddjtg Iyj`sty hut tgd reets ef tgdor ewj heujtry"s brd`tjdss*

Ygdy tr`jsfdrrdi frem tgd Ygdaòi te J`p`t` tgd monot`ry aur-

idj. `ji wotg ot tgd penotoh`n stomunus. ef sdrvojb `s tgd Xeutgdrj

M`rhg< `ji ej tgd ejd ehh`soej. iurojb tgd n`st soxtddj hdjturodsef Dbypto`h gostery. ej wgohg tgd jew prdv`ndjt penotoh`n p`r`-

meujthy ef tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds w`s hejtdstdi ay tgd Xeutg. tgd

Xeutgdrj Sewdr wgohg `spordi te edhumdjoh`n ùtgeroty gì ots

reets oj tgd jdw Xeutgdrj M`rhg ef J`p`t` `ji jet oj tgd ho-

idv`jt Xeutgdrj M`rhg ef tgd Ygdaòi*

Rgdj tgd ard`l-up ef "tgd Jdw Dmpord" ojte suhhdsser-st`tds.

0 Xdd pp* 78-9. àevd*



j6 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

ujidr tgd rund ef neh`n projhdnojbs idshdjidi frem Noay`j mdr-

hdj`rods. w`s fennewdi ay ` rd-pen`roz`toej ef penotoh`n pewdr `t tgd

twe dxtrdmotods ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni. tgd twe pends oj tgd jdw

tdjsoej wdrd jet aetg heojhoidjt wotg tgesd `t wgohg pewdr gìaddj hejhdjtr`tdi ej tgd dvd ef tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi

Lojbiem. semd twe tgeus`ji fovd gujirdi yd`rs d`rnodr* Oj tgd

pest-Ompdro`n `bd. tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Jertgdrj Sewdr w`s iuny

pn`jtdi oj tgd Idnt`. tgos tomd `t Aua`stos. ay tgd Noay`j projhds ef

Gdr`hndepenos <wgond tgdsd n`ttdr-i`yNoay`j Gdr`hndepenotds" J`p`-

t`j lojsmdj 0 `ji hejtdmper`rods. wge dstànosgdi tgd Xeutgdrj

Sewdr. rdtòjdi tgdor h`pot`n `t J`p`t`. wgohgw`s jewtgd Xeutgdrj

peojtef

prdssurd`ji

stomunus.`ji ioi jet tr`jsfdr ot dotgdr te tgd

Ygdaòi er te `jy etgdr peojt oj tgd ojtdroer* Oj tgd funnjdss ef

tomd. tgos J`p`t`j Sewdr `ttdmptdi te dmun`td tgd tgrohd-rdpd`tdi

fd`t ef tgd Ygdaòi; tgd penotoh`nujofoh`toej ef tgd wgend Dbypto`h

Rerni ujidr ` sojbnd sevdrdobjty* Ygd jdw Xeutgdrj M`rhg.

gewdvdr. jew fòndi te `hhempnosg wg`t tgd eni Xeutgdrj M`rhg

gì `hgodvdi tgrohd evdr* Ygd J`p`t`j `ttdmpt te bòj edhumdjo-

h`n pewdr. wgohg w`s ojoto`tdi ay L`sgt` wgdj gd `jjdxdi tgd

Ygdaòi horh` 243 A*H* `ji w`s `nmest h`rrodi te hempndtoej aySo`jlgowgdj gdmìd gos dxpdiotoej iewj-Jond ojte tgd Idnt` horh`

214. w`s frustr`tdi forst ay tgd `nodj @ssyro`j ojvìdrs `ji foj`nny

ay tgd ojiobdjeus Idntòh Sewdr ef tgd Xòtds. wge adb`j `s tgd

@ssyro`js"hrd`turds `ji djidi`stgdorneh`n rdsoiu`ry ndb`tdds* Horh`

660-644 A*H*. tgd frejtodr adtwddj tgd Xòtd `ji tgd J`p`t`j Sewdr

h`md te rdst `t Dndpg`jtojd< `ji tgdrd`ftdr tgos easendtd aeuji`ryadtwddj `j Dbypto`h Hovonoz`toej `ji ` Juao`j a`ra`rosm `hquordi` jdw fujhtoej `s tgd ojtdrj`n nojd ef idm`rh`toej adtwddj tgd twe

penotoh`n ujots ojte wgohg tgd djn`rbdi Dbypto`h Rerni w`s tgdjhd-

fertg pdrm`jdjtny iovoidi*

Ygus. oj tgd pest-Ompdro`n `bd. tgd eni Jertgdrj `ji tgd jdwXeutgdrj M`rhg aetg fòndi te `ttòj edhumdjoh`n pewdr oj tgd dji

<

`ji tgd rdsunt`jt penotoh`niu`nosm pdrsostdi iurojb tgd rdmòjidr

ef Dbypto`h gostery* _dt tgeubg J`p`t` fdnn sgert. oj `hgodvdmdjt.

ef @n Là `ji Ygdads. sgd w`s jet `ntebdtgdr ujrdspejsovd te tgd

stomunus ef dxtdrj`n prdssurd te wgohg. `s tgd n`ttdr-i`y Xeutgdrj

M`rhg ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni. sgd gì hemd te ad dxpesdi oj gdrturj* Ygd fermdr frejtodr-fertrdss ef "tgd Jdw Dmpord" ej tgd

Tppdr Jond adh`md tgd h`pot`n ef` "suhhdsser-st`td" wgohgdmar`hdi

g`nf. `nadot tgd merd a`hlw`ri g`nf. ef tgd n`ttdr-i`y dxp`jidi

Dbypto`h Rerni < `ji. ujnold tgd Xòtds `ji tgdor suhhdssers oj tgd

0 Qdosjdr"s vodw tg`t tgdsd projhds ef J`p`t` wdrd Noay`js os jet `hhdptdi ay Diu`ri

Mdydr. wge subbdsts tg`t tgdy wdrd idshdjidi frem Gjger. tgd Gobg Srodst ef @mejwge dstànosgdi tgd Ygda`j tgdehr`hy htrh` 0324 A*H* 'Bdshgohgtd ids @ntdrtums. ven* oo 'oo/.

`ji diotoej. p* 41/*




Idnt`. tgd J`p`t`js ioi jet suhhuma te `nodj hejqudrers* Iurojbtgd nejb hdjturods wgdj Dbypt jertg ef Dndpg`jtojd w`s suh-

hdssovdny suakdht te tgd @hg`dmdjois `ji tgd Stendmods `ji tgd

Qem`js. Dtgoepo` seutg ef Dndpg`jtojd rdmòjdi `j ojidpdjidjtDbypto`h Sewdr* Ojiddi. iurojb tgdsd hdjturods tgd iemòj ef tgd

Dbypto`h Hunturd w`s dxtdjidi stonn f`rtgdr up-rovdr ujidr tgos

Dtgoepo`j rdbomd. ujton J`p`t` gdrsdnf. wge gì st`rtdi gdr h`rddr

`s ` frejtodr-fertrdss. w`s rdndb`tdi te tgd ojtdroer `s Ygdads gì

addj adferd gdr* Ygdrd`ftdr. horh` 833 A*H*. J`p`t` w`s suppn`jtdi.`s tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Dtgoepo`j st`td. ay Mdred `t tgd feet ef tgd

Xoxtg H`t`r`ht. moiw`y adtwddj tgdkujhtoejs eftgd @ta`r``ji tgd

Anud Jond wotg tgd mòjrovdr<

`ji tgos Mdreotoh Sewdr novdiej.`s ` penotoh`nny ojidpdjidjt dmaeiomdjt ef tgd Dbypto`h Xehodty.

ujton tgd tgori hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. wgdj tgd Dbypto`hHunturd suffdrdi ` voendjt id`tg oj Dtgoepo` `t tgd g`jis ef a`r-

a`ro`j ojvìdrs. semd twe hdjturods adferd ot iodi pd`hdfunny oj

ots snddp oj Dbypt otsdnf*

Ygus tgd penotoh`n gostery ef tgd Dbypto`h Rerni. frem adbojjojbte dji. m`y ad rdì `s ` tdjsoej adtwddj twe pends ef penotoh`n

pewdr wgohg. oj dvdry `bd. wdrd neh`tdi rdspdhtovdny oj tgd

Xeutgdrj `ji oj tgd Jertgdrj M`rhg ef tgd i`y* Ejd er etgdr

ef tgdsd m`rhgds w`s tgd hrìnd ef dvdry suhhdssfun er àertovd

edhumdjoh`n iyj`sty* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgdrd `rd je dx`mpnds ef

edhumdjoh`n iyj`stods wgohg eroboj`tdi `t peojts oj tgd ojtdroer ef

tgd Dbypto`h Rerni* Ygd penotoh`n hrd`toejs ef tgd ojtdroer wdrd

sdniem merd tg`j p`rehgo`n <`ji dvdj wgdj edhumdjoh`n iyj`stods

wgesd reets n`y oj ejd ef tgd m`rhgds oj tgd Idnt` er oj tgd

Ygdaòi tr`jsfdrrdi tgdor h`pot`ns te pn`hds oj Moiind Dbypt fer

ìmojostr`tovd hejvdjodjhd. penotoh`n pewdr w`s `pt te daa a`hl te

tgd m`rhgds `s seej `s tomds ejhd merd adh`md hrotoh`n* Fer

ojst`jhd. `ftdr tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Tjotdi Lojbiem. tgd h`pot`n

w`s tr`jsfdrrdi frem @n Là. oj tgd Xeutgdrj M`rhg. wgohg gì

addj tgd eroboj`n sd`t ef tgd feujidrs. te Mdmpgos ej tgd aeridr-

nojd adtwddj tgd twe n`jis ef tgd Ieuand Hrewj< ydt tgd jdw t`sl

ef feujiojb tgd Dbypto`h ujovdrs`n st`td `ftdr ` tomd ef treuands

w`s `hhempnosgdi ay ` iyj`sty frem Ygdads* @bòj. `ftdr tgd

feuji`toej ef tgd ujovdrs`n st`td. tgd h`pot`n w`s tr`jsfdrrdi ejhd

merd. tgos tomd frem Ygdads te ` jdw hdjtr`n sotd kust àevd Mdm-

pgos <

K

ydt tgd jdw t`sl ef rdsterojb tgd ujovdrs`n st`td `ftdr tgd

ojtrusoej ef tgd Gylses w`s `hhempnosgdi ay ` iyj`sty frem

Ygdads. wge tgus `ssdrtdi gdr penotoh`n petdjhy fer tgd sdheji

0 Ygos jdw hdjtr`n sotd. te wgohg tgd h`pot`n w`s tr`jsfdrrdi ay @mdjdmg`t O frem

Ygdads. w`s h`nndi Oz-Yùo. wgohg md`jt "Hejqudrer ef aetg N`jis" 'Mdydr. D**

Bdshgohgtd ids @ntdrtumsZ ven* o'00/. 8ri diotoej. p* 162/*



j7 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

tomd* Foj`nny. `ftdr tgd rdster`toej ef tgd ujovdrs`n st`td. tgd

h`pot`n w`s tr`jsfdrrdi frem Ygdads ay Olgj`tej te gos jdw ompdro`n

hoty `t Ydnn-dn-@m`rj`. moi-w`y adtwddj Ygdads `ji Mdmpgos <

ydt tgos tr`jsfdr w`s `s dpgdmdr`n `s tgd rdnoboeus `ji `rtostoh

ojjev`toejs wotg wgohg ot w`s aeuji up*0

Tpej tgd id`tg ef tgd

ompdro`n rdvenutoej`ry. tgd h`pot`n rdvdrtdi te Ygdads `ji rdmòjdi

tgdrd ujton tgd Ygdaòi pòi tgd ojdvotànd pdj`nty fer g`vojb

hd`sdi te ad ` m`rhg ay ferfdotojb. ejhd fer `nn. ots `jhodjt `ji

nejb-djiurojb penotoh`n p`r`meujthy* Dvdj tgdj. tgd penotoh`n

gdrot`bd ef tgd Ygdaòi ioi jet f`nn te `jy iostroht oj tgd ojtdroer.

aut w`s iovoidi. `s wd g`vd sddj. adtwddj tgd eni Jertgdrj M`rhg

oj tgd Idnt` `ji tgd jdw Xeutgdrj M`rhg ef Juao`jJ`p`t`*

Oj tgd Xojoh Rerni

Ygd p`rt pn`ydi oj tgd hn`ssoh`n pdroei ef Dbypto`h gostery ay tgd

Ygdaòi tgd m`rhg wgohg rdnodvdi tgd ojtdroer ef tgd Dbypto`hRerni frem tgd prdssurd ef tgd a`ra`ro`js ef Juao` w`s pn`ydioj Xojoh gostery ay tgd v`nndys ef tgd Rdo-ge `ji tgd Fdj-ge. wgohg

wdrd tgd m`rhgds ef tgd Xojoh Rerni `bòjst tgd a`ra`ro`j gobg-

n`jidrs ef Xgdjso `ji Xg`jso* Ygd Hgeu Iyj`sty. wgohg feujidi

tgd Xojoh dquov`ndjt ef tgd Dbypto`h Tjotdi Lojbiem tew`ris tgd

hnesd ef tgd sdheji monndjjoum A*H*. `ji tgd Ys"oj Iyj`sty. wgohg

feujidi tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd yd`r 110 A*H*. aetg eroboj`tdi

oj tgd Rdo V`nndy. wgond tgd Fdj V`nndy w`s tgd sd`t ef tgd Ysoj

Iyj`sty. wgohg w`s tgd rov`n ef tgd Ys"oj iurojb tgd forst pg`sdef tgd Xojoh Yomd ef Yreuands* Oj Xojoh. `s oj Dbypto`h. gostery.

tgdrd w`s ` tdjidjhy fer Sewdrs wgohg eroboj`tdi oj tgd m`rhgds

`ji `ftdrw`ris `ttòjdi `j edhumdjoh`n iemojoej te tr`jsfdr tgdor

h`pot`ns frem tgd pdropgdry te tgd ojtdroer* Ygd sotd oj tgd Xojoh

Rerni wgohg herrdspejidi te tgd Dbypto`h Mdmpgos w`s Ney`jb

'tgd meidrj Gej`j-fu/* Ot n`y ej tgd aeridrnojd adtwddj tgd

wdstdrj v`nndys `ji tgd d`stdrj pnòj.1 tr`vdrsdi ay tgd _dnnew

Qovdr oj ots newdr heursd. wgohg w`s tgd bdebr`pgoh`n gd`rt ef tgd

Xojoh Rerni*8 Ygd h`pot`n ef tgd Hg6u w`s tr`jsfdrrdi te tgd

jdobgaeurgeei ef Ney`jb frem tgd Rdo V`nndy `ftdr tgd iyj`sty

0 Fer ` ioshussoej ef Olgj`tej"s rend oj Dbypto`h gostery. sdd O* H 'oo/. ven o. pp* 094-6.

àevd*1 Ygd dx`ht neh`toej ef Ney`jb w`s oj tgd v`nndy ef tgd Ne-ge. ` mojer robgt-a`jl

troaut`ry ef tgd _dnnew Qovdr wgohg idaeuhgds ojte tgd m`m strd`m kust adnew tgd_dnnew Qovdr"s dxot frem tgd berbds tg`t ojtdrvdjd adtwddj ots Newdr A`soj oj tgd d`stdrj

pnòj `ji ots Tppdr A`soj oj tgd gobgn`jis wgdrd ot rdhdovds tgd w`tdrs ef tgd Rdo `jitgd Fdj*

8 Ygd totnd ef "Moiind Lojbiem+ 'Hgujb Lwe/. wgohg w`s dvdjtu`nny t`ldj evdr ay tgdXojoh ujovdrs`n st`td `s `j `ntdrj`tovd te "@nn tg`t os ujidr Gd`vdj+ 'Y"odj-gt`/: `ppd`rste g`vd addj aerjd eroboj`nny ay tgd nottnd projhop`noty ef Hgu. oj tgd moiind ef tgd

d`stdrj pnòj. ej tgd aeridrnojd adtwddj tgd meidrj prevojhds ef Gej`j `ji Xg`jtujb*'Xdd Heriodr. G* ; Gostegd B6j6r`nd id n` Hgojd 'S`js 0?13-0. Bdutgjdr. 9 vens*/. ven* o.

p* 809/



YGD XYOMTNTX EF SQDXXTQDX 00?

gì f`nndj ojte idhìdjhd<`ji oj ` n`tdr `bd tgd h`pot`n ef tgd

Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td. wgohg gì addj neh`tdi eroboj`nny `t Hg"`jb

Jb`j oj tgd Rdo V`nndy ujidr tgd Sroer G`j. w`s tr`jsfdrrdi nold-

wosd te Ney`jb wgdj tgd Sestdroer G`j b`vd tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`nst`td ` sdheji nd`sd ef nofd* Ot os tgd merd sobjofoh`jt tg`t. jet-

wotgst`jiojb tgos rdpd`tdi `ttr`htoej ef tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Xojoh

Rerni frem tgd pdropgdry ojte tgd ojtdroer. tgd twe Sewdrs wgohg

mìd Xojoh gostery aetg eroboj`tdi oj tgd Rdstdrj M`rhg* Ygd

ejny Sewdr tg`t os hrdiotdi wotg `j eroboj`n sd`t oj tgd d`stdrj pnòjos tgd sdmo-ndbdji`ry _oj er Xg`jb Iyj`sty. wgohg w`s trìo-

toej`nny suppesdi te g`vd addj p`r`meujt adferd tgd Hgeu ujotdi

tgd d`stdrjpnòj

wotg tgd Rdstdrj M`rhg ujidr tgdor

ewj shdptrd*

Oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni

Rgdj wd turj te tgd gostery ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Hovonoz`toej

wgohg os "`ffono`tdi" te tgd Xojoh Hovonoz`toej. wd foji tg`t tgd

eshonn`toej adtwddj ` wdstdrj h`pot`n `ji `j d`stdrj h`pot`n. wgohg

gì addj hg`r`htdrostoh ef tgd penotoh`n gostery ef tgd"`pp`rdjtdi"

hovonoz`toej. os rdpreiuhdi. wotg ` ioffdrdjhd. oj ` jdw eshonn`toej

adtwddj ` seutgdrj h`pot`n `ji ` jertgdrj*

Oj tgd Xojoh Rerni. tgdrd gì addj ` tdjidjhy fer edhumdjoh`n

Sewdrs te eroboj`td oj tgd Rdstdrj M`rhg. ujidr stomunus frem

tgd prdssurd ef tgd surreujiojb a`ra`ro`j gobgn`jidrs. `ji te

tr`jsfdr tgdor h`pot`ns te sotds oj tgd ojtdroer ej tgd d`stdrj pnòj*

Oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni. tgd gd`vodst dxtdrj`n prdssurd h`md

frem ` ioffdrdjt seurhd `ji ` ioffdrdjt qu`rtdr* Ygd a`ra`ro`j

gobgn`jidrs ef Xgdjso `ji Xg`jso gì addj suaiudi `ji `ssomon`tdi

ay tgd brewojb Sewdrs ef Ys"oj `ji Ysoj adferd tgd hnesd ef tgd

Xojoh Yomd ef Yreuands< aut tgos dnomoj`toej ef tgd a`ra`ro`js ef

tgd wdstdrj gobgn`jis gì mdrdny rdmevdi ` auffdr wgohg gì

prdvoeusny ojtdrvdjdi adtwddj tgd Xojoh Rerni `ji tgd f`r merd

fermoiànd Jemìoh pdepnds ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd< `ji tgd

somunt`jdeus dxp`jsoej ef tgd twe Xojoh projhop`notods ef Hgè `ji

_dj. `t tgd jertgdrj dji ef tgd d`stdrj pnòj. ieuandi tgd ndjbtg ef

tgd jdw frejt adtwddj tgd Xojoh Rerni `ji Dur`so`* Ygos frejt

jew dxtdjidi frem tgd jertg-wdstdrj he`st ef tgd Bunf ef Noètujb

te tgd jertg-d`stdrj dsh`rpmdjt ef tgd Yoadt`j Sn`tdù* Ygd nojds

ef idfdjhd `bòjst Jemì ojreìs. wgohg gì addj tgrewj up

podhdmd`n ay tgd hejtdjiojb st`tds ef tgd Xojoh Rerni. wotg suhg

djdrbods `s tgdy heuni sp`rd frem tgd n`st reuji oj tgdor ewj ojtdr-

jdhojd strubbnd. wdrd hejsenoi`tdi. `ftdr tgd "ljehl-eut anew" gì

addj idnovdrdi `ji tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td feujidi ay Ys"oj Xgd

Gw`jb-to. ojte tgd Brd`t R`nn ef Hgoj`* 0 Ot w`s `hress tgd nojd ef

0 Xdd Heriodr. ep* hot*. ven* o. pp* 136-2*




tgd R`nn. frem jertg te seutg. tg`t. semd fovd hdjturods n`tdr.

iurojb tgd ojtdrrdbjum 'horh` @*I* 024-924/ wgohg fennewdi tgd

ard`l-up eftgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td. tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs h`md oj.

`s a`ra`ro`j ojvìdrs. oj tgd pest-Xojoh Venldrw`jidrujb< `ji tgdprdssurd frem tgd jertg ioi jet hd`sd wgdj tgd jdw F`r D`stdrj

Hovonoz`toej dmdrbdi* Gdjhd. oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni. tgdrd w`s

` tdjidjhy. frem tgd adbojjojb. fer edhumdjoh`n Sewdrs dotgdr te

eroboj`td oj tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds er te tr`jsfdr tgdor h`pot`ns te

tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds of tgdy gì eroboj`tdi oj tgd seutgdrj

ojtdroer*

Fer ojst`jhd. tgd Sewdr wgohg dveldi. oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni.`

bgestef tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td

0 oj tgd forst

`bdef F`r D`stdrj

gostery. eroboj`tdi. nold tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td otsdnf. oj tgd Rdo

V`nndy< `ji oj tgd jdw erodjt`toej ef penotoh`n bdebr`pgy tgd Rdo

V`nndy hejstotutdi tgd wdstdrj sdhtoej ef tgesd Jertgdrj M`rhgds

oj wgohg tgd prdssurd frem tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs w`s jew m`lojbotsdnf fdnt* Ot w`s gdrd tg`t tgd Xuo Iyj`sty. wgohg rd-dj`htdi tgd

p`rt ef Ys"oj Xgd Gw`jb-to ay ujotojb tgd wgend ef Xehodty ujidr

` sojbnd rund. dstànosgdi ` jdw edhumdjoh`n h`pot`n `t Xo Jb`j 'tgd

meidrj Xo`j-fu/ oj tgd jdobgaeurgeei ef tgd `jhodjt

Hg"`jbJb`j*1 Xo Jb`j. ujidr tgd Xuo. irdw te otsdnf tgd pewdr tg`t gì

prdvoeusny rdsoidi oj J`jlojb. tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Xeutg.8 wgohg tgd

Xuo gì `jjdxdi te tgdor iemojoejs<`ji wgdj tgd Y"`jb Iyj`sty

rd`pdi tgd fruots ef tgd Xuo Iyj`sty"s nàeurs. `s tgdor pretetypdstgd G`j gì ejhd djtdrdi ojte tgd gdrot`bd ef Ys"oj Xgd Gw`jb-to.tgd Y"`jb ldpt tgd sd`t ef edhumdjoh`n pewdr `t Xo Jb`j. wgdrd

tgdy gì feuji ot*

Xo Jb`j. gewdvdr. ioi jet rdtòj ots prom`hy oj pdrpdtuoty <fer

tgd ojhoidjhd ef tgd prdssurd frem tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs tdjidi. oj

tgd heursd ef F`r D`stdrj gostery. te sgoft frem tgd wdstdrj sdhter

ef tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds te tgd d`st. `ji tgd sd`t ef penotoh`n pewdroj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni sgoftdi d`stw`ris herrdspejiojbny* Ygos

sgoft w`s `pprexom`tdny hejtdmper`jdeus wotg tgd memdjt`ryard`liewj ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Edhumdjoh`n Sewdr iurojb tgd

ojtdrv`n adtwddj tgd dxtojhtoej ef tgd Y"`jb Iyj`sty oj @*I* ?32`ji tgd feuji`toej ef tgd Xujb Iyj`sty oj @*I* ?63*

Iurojb tgd Xujb @bd. F`r D`stdrj gostery hejsostdi. fer tgd mòjaeiy ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Xehodty ej tgd Hejtojdjt.

9 oj ` snew `ji0 Xdd furtgdr tgd hemp`r`tovd stuiy. oj S`rt W. adnew. eftgd noldjdssds `ji ioffdrdjhds

adtwddj tgd dveh`toej ef tgd bgest ef tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni`ji tgd dveh`toej ef bgests ef tgd Gdnndjoh ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd Ertgeiex Hgrosto`j `jiRdstdrj wernis*

+ Fer Hg"`jb Jb`j. tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td ujidr tgd Sroer G`j. sdd

p* u ?. àevd* 8 Xdd p* 011. feetjetd o. adnew*+ Ygd ioffdrdjt heursd t`ldj ay tgd gostery ef tgd effsgeet ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Xehodty

evdrsd`s. oj K`p`j. os dx`mojdi adnew oj tgd prdsdjt sdhtoej. ej pp* 047-?. `s wdnn `s ojS`rts VO `ji VOOO*




stuaaerj rdtrd`t ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Edhumdjoh`n Sewdr frem jertg

te Xeutg ujidr `j dvdr ojhrd`sojb prdssurd frem ` suhhdssoej ef

Jemì Sewdrs epdr`tojb frem M`jhguro`* Ygd Lgot`j gì

dxtertdi tgd hdssoej ef soxtddj iostrohts `nejb tgd jertgdrj aeridrhorh` @*I* ?12-82. adferd tgd edhumdjoh`n ùtgeroty ef tgd Xujb gì

addj dstànosgdi< tgd Lgot`js+ suhhdssers. tgd Loj. hejqudrdifrem tgd Xujb. horh` @*I* 0014-91. tgd wgend ef Jertgdrj Hgoj`

iewj te tgd w`tdrsgdi adtwddj tgd _dnnew Qovdr `ji tgd _`jbtsd<

`ji. wgdj tgd Loj gì addj suppn`jtdi oj tgdor turj ay tgd Mej-

bens. tgd Mejben Brd`t Lg`j Puaon`y 'ompdrà`t @*I* 014?-?9/

hempndtdi tgd werl ef gos Loj `ji Lgot`j prdidhdssers ay dxtoj-

buosgojb

tgd

Xujb `ntebdtgdr

`jirdujotojb

tgd wgend ef tgd mòj

aeiy ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni ujidr ` a`ra`ro`j iemojoej* Ygdtoid ef a`ra`ro`j hejqudst. gewdvdr. gì je seejdr djbunfdi tgd n`st

rdmj`jt ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Xehodty ej tgd mòjn`ji tg`j ot adb`jte rdhdid <

`ji tgd peojt ef ojtdrdst. fer eur prdsdjt purpesd. nods oj

tgd sdqudn wgohg fennewdi tgd dvohtoej ef tgd Mejbens frem Hgoj`

oj @*I* 08670

ay ` jdw tgereubgardi Hgojdsd Sewdr; tgd Mojb*Ygos jdw tgereubgardi Hgojdsd iyj`sty `resd oj tgd s`md

qu`rtdr oj wgohg tgdor n`st tgereubgardi prdidhdssers. tgd Xujb.gì gdni eut nejbdst. tg`t os te s`y oj tgd Xeutg< `ji tgd feujidr

ef tgd Mojb. Gujb Ru. sobj`nozdi tgd dxpunsoej ef tgd a`ra`ro`js

frem Hgoj` `ji tgd rdster`toej ef ` bdjuojd Hgojdsd rdbomd ay `

sendmj tr`jsfdr ef tgd h`pot`n*

Rgdj tgd Loj gì hejqudrdi Jertgdrj Hgoj`. tgdy gì dstà-

nosgdi tgdor h`pot`n ej tgd sotd ef tgd meidrj Sdlojb '+tgd Jertgdrj

H`pot`n"/. ej tgd aeridrnojd adtwddj tgd a`ra`ro`j pertoej ef tgdor

iemojoejs te tgd jertg ef tgd Brd`t R`nn `ji tgd Hgojdsd pertoej

te tgd seutg ef ot*1 Ygd s`md sotd hemmdjidi otsdnf. fer tgd s`md

bdebr`pgoh`n rd`sej. te Puaon`y<8 `ji oj gos rdobj Sdlojb adh`md

tgd h`pot`n jet mdrdny ef ` rdujotdi Hgoj` aut ef ` ujovdrs`n st`td

wgohg dxtdjidi frem tgd S`hofoh he`sts ef @so` robgt `hress tgd

hejtojdjt `s f`r `s tgd Sdrso`j Bunf `ji tgd Dupgr`tds `ji tgd

H`rp`tgo`js `ji tgd A`ntoh `ji tgus dmar`hdi tgd wgend horhum-

fdrdjhd ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd* Ygos Loj `ji Mejben h`pot`n w`s

j`tur`nny eajexoeus te tgd Hgojdsd `s ` rdmojidr ef tgd a`ra`ro`j

+ Ygd ojsurrdhtoej `bòjst tgd Mejbens wgohg djidi oj tgdor dvohtoej adb`j àeuttgd yd`r 0840*

+Hemp`rd tgd neh`toej ef tgd Gylses+ h`pot`n. Y`jos. ej tgd

aeridrnojdZadtwddj tgd

jej-Dbypto`h pertoej ef tgdor iemojoejs oj Xyro` `ji tgd Dbypto`h pertoej oj tgd Newdr

Jond V`nndy* 'Xdd p* 008. feetjetd 8. àevd*/8 Puaon`y adb`j te rdhejiotoej Sdlojb oj @I* 0169 `ji tr`jsfdrrdi gos h`pot`n

tgotgdr oj 0162 frem P`r`qerum. wgohg w`s gos `jhdstr`n h`pot`n oj tgd A`soj ef tgd

Erlgej. oj tgd gd`rt ef Dur`so`* @t tgd s`md tomd gd ldpt `feetojb

ej tgd Xtdppd ay

auoniojb gomsdnf ` suasoio`ry rdsoidjhd. wotgoj d`sy rd`hg ef Sdlojb. `t Hgujb-Yu

'Hendroibd"s W`jìu/ kust eutsoid tgd Brd`t R`nn*

"Oj W`jìu ioi Luan` Lg`j@ st`tdny pnd`surd-iemd idhrdd* * * *"




yeld wgohg tgdy gì aerjd se nejb `ji gì ejny kust suhhddidi oj

tgrewojb eff* @hheriojbny. Gujb Ru gì je seejdr irovdj tgd

Jemìs eut `bòj ojte tgdor j`tovd stdppds `ji rd-dstànosgdi tgd

frejtodr ef ` noadr`tdi Hgoj` `nejb tgd nojd ef tgd Brd`t R`nn. tg`jgd tr`jsfdrrdi tgd h`pot`n frem Puaon`y"s hoty te J`jlojb. wgohg

gì addj tgd "H`pot`n ef tgd Xeutg" `t tgd i`wj ef F`r D`stdrj

gostery*0

Gujb Ru nòi eut gos jdw hoty `t J`jlojb ej ` sh`nd

hemmdjsur`td wotg tgd sozd ef tgd brd`tdr dmpord ef wgohg ot w`s

idsobjdi te ad tgd h`pot`n gdjhdferw`ri* _dt jdotgdr gosteroh`n

sdjtomdjt jer huntur`n `meur preprd jer ìmojostr`tovd hej-

vdjodjhd jer ` n`vosg eutn`y ej puanoh auoniojbs `vòndi te rdtòj

tgdh`pot`n

ef tgd

Mojb Dmpordej tgos sotd oj tgd ojtdroer* Fer

tgeubg tgd Jemìs gì addj dxpdnndi frem Hgoj` fer tgd memdjt

ay Gujb Ru"s prewdss. gd heuni jet dxerhozd tgd i`jbdr ef tgdor

pessoand rdturj * Ej tgd merrew ef tgdor dxpunsoej. `s tgdy adb`j te

rdhevdr frem tgdor memdjt`ry prestr`toej `ji te r`nny tgdor ferhds

nold X`t`j `ji gos `jbdns oj tgd dxerioum ef S`rìosd Nest. tgdor

prdssurd adh`md pdrhdptoand ejhd merd `t tgd peojt wgdrd ot gì

addj m`lojb otsdnf fdnt fer tgd p`st fovd hdjturods tg`t os. oj tgd

d`stdrj sdhter ef tgd Jertgdrj M`rhg `ji. ejhd `bòj. tgd peojt

wgohg w`s ad`rojb tgd arujt ef tgd penotoh`n prdssurd irdw te otsdnf

tgd prom`hy oj penotoh`n pewdr* Oj @*I* 0910. Gujb Ru"s sej `ji

sdheji suhhdsser. _ujb Ne 'rdbjà`t @*I* 0938-14/. rdtr`jsfdrrdi

tgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` frem gos ewj f`tgdr"s hgesdj hoty ef J`jlojbte tgd vdry hoty ef Sdlojb wgohg gì forst addj ròsdi te gejeur aytgd gdrdiot`ry a`ra`ro`j djdmy*

_ujb Ne"s rdvdrsoej fremh

tgd Xeutgdrj H`pot`n" oj tgd ojtdroer

te "tgd Jertgdrj H`pot`n" oj tgd M`rhgds w`s kustofodi ay tgd dvdjt*

Ojiddi. tgd rdjdwdi prdssurd frem tgd jertg adh`md se strejb

tg`t. tgeubg tgd rdtr`jsfdrdjhd ef tgd h`pot`n te tgd i`jbdr-peojt

pestpejdi tgd i`y ef frdsg ios`stdr fer Hgoj`. ot heuni jet fer dvdr

`vdrt ot* Oj @*I* 060?-99. r`tgdr merd tg`j twe hdjturods `ftdr

_ujb Ne"s st`tdsm`jnold mevd. tgd Brd`t R`nn w`s areldj tgreubg`ji Sdlojb h`pturdi `ji `nn Hgoj` evdrruj ay ` jdw Sewdr frem

tgd jertg-d`stdrj je-m`j"s-n`ji oj tgd sg`pd ef tgd M`jhgus<

1 `ji

0J`jlojb gì addj hejtojueusny tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Xeutg. ujidr fovd suhhdssovd

iyj`stods. frem @ I* 802 'tgd i`td wgohg s`w tgd dji ef tgd dpgdmdr`n rdster`toej eftgd Xojoh ujovdrs`n st`td ujidr tgd se-h`nndi "Tjotdi Ysoj"/ iewj te @ I* 47? 'tgd i`td

wgohg s`w tgd dveh`toej ef ` bgest ef tgd Xmoh ujovdrs`n st`td ay tgd Xuo/* Oj @ I* 47?tgd Xuo `jjdxdi tgd Xeutg te tgdor ewj Jertgdrj iemojoejs `ji tgdrday ujotdi tgd

wgend F`r D`stdrj Rerni ef tgd i`y ujidr ` sojbnd rund 'Xdd p* 013. àevd /1 Tjnold tgd Mejbens. tgd M`jhgus wdrd jet stehl-arddiojb Jemìs aut promotovd

gujtdrs wge wdrd `t gemd. jet ej tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd. aut m tgd gobgn`jis hnì

oj vorboj ferdst wgohg aeuji. ej tgd d`st. tgd d`stdrjmest djhn`vd ef tgd Dur`so`j

Xtdppd oj tgd hemmej a`soj ef tgd Qovdrs Noè `ji Xujb`ro* Ygd p`rtohun`r M`jhguhemmujoty wgohg hejqudrdi Hgoj` oj tgd sdvdjtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`h`md frem tgd sdhtoej ef tgos gobgn`ji-ferdst heujtry tg`t nods adtwddj Lorm `ji tgdS`hofoh he`st* Ygdsd M`jhgu hejqudrers ef Hgoj`. adojb stonn ej tgd promotovd ndvdn `t




oj tgd dobgtddjtg hdjtury eftgd Hgrosto`jDr` tgd M`jhgu sevdrdobjHg"odj Nujb rundi frem Sdlojb

0 `j dmpord ujotojb `nn Hgoj` `ji

g`nf Dur`so` ujidr ` hemmej iemojoej wgohg heuni ad`r hem-

p`rosej wotg tgd dmpord tg`t gì ejhd addj rundi frem Sdlojbay tgd Mejben Brd`t Lg`j Puaon`y gomsdnf* Frem @*I* 0910iewj te @*I* 0?17. Sdlojb rdmòjdi tgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` tgreubg`nn vohossotuids* Ygd `ttdmpt ef tgd Y"òp"ojb ojsurbdjts. oj tgd

moiind ef tgd jojdtddjtg hdjtury.1 te arojb a`hl tgd h`pot`n te

J`jlojb henn`psdi wotg tgd fònurd ef tgdor djid`veur. ef wgohg ot

w`s ` p`rt. te id`n wotg tgd M`jhgus `s tgd Mojb gì id`nt wotg tgd

Mejbens* Oj 0?17. gewdvdr. tgd Dmpdrer _ujb Ne"s gosteroh `ht

w`s rdvdrsdi. `t n`st.

aySrdsoidjt

Hgo`jb Lò-sgdl<`ji `t tgd

tomd ef wrotojb J`jlojb os tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh.wgond Sdlojb g`s addj idbrìdi te tgd r`jl ef ` prevojho`n hdjtrd

ujidr tgd adnottnojb totnd ef Sdpojb*Os tgos hg`jbd noldny te ad pdrm`jdjt5 @ji. of ot os. wonn ot

monot`td `bòjst tgd v`noioty ef eur seho`n "n`w" tg`t m`rhgds `rd

`pt te ad stomun`tdi. ay tgd dxtdrj`n prdssurd te wgohg tgdy `rd

dxpesdi. ojte idvdnepojb ` penotoh`n pewdr wgohg bovds tgdm `

prdiemoj`jhd evdr tgd ojtdroer5 Oj tgd wrotdr"s adnodf. tgd rdhdjt

tr`jsfdr ef tgd Hgojdsd h`pot`n frem Sdlojb te J`jlojb os noldny

te ad pdrpdtu`tdi. `ji tgos kust adhùsd. se f`r frem ojv`noi`tojb eur

"n`w". ot `htu`nny onnustr`tds `ji hejforms ot*

Gew `rd wd te `hheujt fer tgd suhhdss ef tgd Luemojt`jb oj rd-

tr`jsfdrrojb tgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` frem Sdlojb te J`jlojb semd

tgrdd-qu`rtdrs ef ` hdjtury `ftdr tgd Y"òp"ojb"s fònurd oj tgdor

`ttdmpt te ie tgos vdry tgojb5 Ygd dxpn`j`toej os te ad feuji oj

hdrtòj f`r-rd`hgojb tr`jsferm`toejs ef Hgoj`"s gum`j djvorej-

mdjt wgohg g`vd t`ldj pn`hd iurojb tgd ojtdrv`n*

Oj "tgd dobgtddj-foftods" ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. tgd qu`rtdr frem

wgohg Hgoj` w`s suakdht te tgd gd`vodst dxtdrj`n prdssurd w`s stonn

tgd jertg. `s ot gì addj sojhd tgd adbojjojb ef F`r D`stdrj gostery*

@t tg`t memdjt. Hgoj` w`s ujidr iod rund ef ` iyj`sty ef jertg-

a`ra`ro`j eroboj wgesd feujidr gì ferhdi gos djtry ay ard`lojb

tgreubg tgd Brd`t R`nn. oj ots d`stdrj sdhter. frem jertg te seutg<

tgd tomd ef tgd hejqudst. wdrd muhg merd rdìony `ssomon`tdi te tgd F`r D`stdrj hunturd.

`ji àseradi ojte tgd F`r D`stdrj aeiy seho`n. tg`j tgdor Mejben prdidhdssers. wge gìdjtdrdi Hgoj` `s funn-fndibdi Dur`so`j Jemìs wotg ` tojhturd ef tgd àertovd F`r

D`stdrj Hgrosto`j hunturd ef tgd Jdstero`j Io`sper` 'sdd OO* I 'vo/. pp* 182-7. adnew/*

Fer tgd promotovd hunturd ef tgd M`jhgus. sdd N`ttujerd. Ewdj; M`jhguro` Hrìnd ef

Hejfnoht 'Jdw _erl 0 ?8 1. M`hmonn`j/. pp* 99-4 * Ot wonn ad sddj tg`t tgd M`jhgu hejqudst

ef Hgoj` ioffdrdi frem tgd Mejben hejqudst aetg oj j`turd `ji oj euthemd. `ji aerd `

brd`tdr rdsdman`jhd te tgd Hgohgomdh hejqudst ef Mdxohe*0 Ygd M`jhgu rundrs ef Hgoj` fennewdi Puaon`y"s dx`mpnd ay suppndmdjtojb tgdor

h`pot`n `t Sdlojb. ej Hgojdsd seon. wotg ` sdheji`ry rdsoidjhd ` bnerofodi gujtojb neibd

`ji summdr rdtrd`t eutsoid tgd Brd`t R`nn* Ygos M`jhgu heujtdrp`rt ef Puaon`y"s

W`jìu+ w`s Kdgen oj D`stdrj Ojjdr Mejbeno`*` Ygd Y"òp"ojb ojsurrdhtoej n`stdi frem @*I* 0743 te @*I* 0769*




`ji. `hheriojb te eur "n`w". ot w`s te ad dxpdhtdi tg`t tgd h`pot`n ef

Hgoj` weuni rdmòj oj tgd zejd ef prdssurd tg`t os te s`y. `t

Sdlojb. oj tgd d`stdrj sdhter ef tgd Jertgdrj M`rhgds se nejb `s

tgos st`td ef `ffòrs hejtojudi* Ay 0?17. gewdvdr. ` gosteroh sotu`-

toej wgohg gì stonn addj ojt`ht oj "tgd dobgtddj-foftods" gì adhemd

djtordny easendtd< `ji tgd Hgojdsd Senotoh`n Qdvenutoej ef 0?00.

wgohg evdrtgrdw tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty `ji put `j dji te tgd

M`jhgu `shdji`jhy oj Hgoj` Srepdr. w`s ay je md`js tgd mest

rdvenutoej`ry dvdjt oj tgos rìoh`n hg`jbd* Ygd M`jhgu Iyj`sty`ji tgd M`jhgu A`jjdrmdj wge gì tr`jsfdrrdi tgdor rdsoidjhd

frem M`jhguro` te Hgoj` `t tgd tomd ef tgd hejqudst gì addj hej-

vdrtdi te Hgojdsd hunturd

m`jy bdjdr`toejsadferd

tgdywdrd

putiewj frem tgdor sd`tay Hgojdsd J`toej`nosm* 0 Ygd rd`nny memdjt-

eus hg`jbd oj tgd sotu`toej sojhd tgd fònurd ef tgd Y"òp"ojb g`s

addj jet penotoh`n aut dhejemoh. `ji g`s hejsostdi oj ` heujtdr-

effdjsovd ef tgd Hgojdsd huntov`ter `bòjst tgd Jemì gdrism`j*1

Ygos Hgojdsd henejoz`toej ef tgd stdppd heujtry. wgohg w`s wdnn

ujidr w`y adferd 0?00. g`s addj f`honot`tdi ay tgd n`psd ef tgd

M`jhgu rdbomd"s mobr`toej-rdstrohtoejs `ji g`s addj stomun`tdi

aytgd

suasdqudjt r`v`bds

ef hovon w`r `jia`jiotry

`ji f`mojd `ji

fneei oj tgd gd`rt ef Hgoj` otsdnf; ` feurfeni sheurbd wgohg g`s addj

irovojb tgd Hgojdsd pd`s`jtry ef Xg`jtujb `ji Gej`j `ji Hgogno

te dmobr`td oj tgdor gujirdis ef tgeus`jis te tgd dmpty `ji

ujg`r`ssdi vorboj n`jis ef M`jhguro` `ji Ojjdr Mejbeno`* Ygus.

te-i`y. tgd Brd`t R`nn je nejbdr m`rls tgd aeuji`ry adtwddj

Hgojdsd pd`s`jt `ji a`ra`ro`j Jemì* Ygd nojd `hress wgohg tgd

Jemì ojvìdr g`s trdsp`ssdi se m`jy tomds iurojb tgd n`st twe

tgeus`ji yd`rs g`s addj ndft f`r adgoji oj tgd Hgojdsd pd`s`jt"s

pd`hdfun aut petdjt heujtdr-effdjsovd. ujton jew ` areì zejd ef

tgd stdppd-n`ji wgohg tgd Mejben gdrism`j usdi te r`jbd g`s

0Ojiddi. ot weuni g`riny ad `j dx`bbdr`toej te s`y tg`t tgd M`jhgu Iyj`sty

`ji Jeaonoty. `t `jy r`td. gì addj Xojofodi adferd tgdy hressdi tgd Brd`t R`nn oj@I* 060?* Fer tgdor prdvoeus dxtr`-mur`n iemojoejs gì ojhnuidi jet ejny tgdor ewjeroboj`n gemdn`ji oj tgd ferdst-hnì gobgn`jis d`st ef Loroj aut `nse tgd rdn`tovdny wdnn-

w`tdrdi pertoej ef tgd newn`jis oj tgd Noè Qovdr a`soj wgohg gì addj areubgt ujidrtgd pneubg ay Hgojdsd pd`s`jt-henejosts `ji gì addj sgodnidi frem Jemì ojhursoejs

ay tgd hejstruhtoej ef tgd Ronnew S`nosìd; ` jertg-d`stdrj prenejb`toej ef tgd Brd`tR`nn wgohg t`lds eff frem tgd R`nn kust àevd Xg`jgòlw`j `ji rujs iewj tgd d`stdrj

dsh`rpmdjt ef tgd Hdjtr`n @so`j Sn`tdù `ji tgdj `hress tgd Xeutg M`jhguj`j pnòjs

ujton ot strolds tgd ndft a`jl ef tgd Tppdr Xujb`j `ftdr tr`vdrsojb tgd feet-gonns ef tgdd`stdrj meujtòjs adtwddj Hg`jbhguj `ji Lorm* Ay tgd tomd wgdj tgd M`jhgusidshdjidi frem tgdor gobgn`jis. tgdsd wdnn-w`tdrdi `ji henejozdi `ji huntov`tdi `jipretdhtdi newn`jis gì adhemd ` Hgojdsd heujtry< `ji ot w`s `t Mulidj. oj tgos

Hgojdsd monodu. tg`t tgd M`jhgus gdni tgdor heurt adferd tgdy hressdi tgd R`nn `jimevdi te Sdlojb* Ygos rdsoidjhd `t Mulidj Xojofodi tgd M`jhgu projhds `s dffdhtovdny`s

tgdZXhettosg lojbs wdrd @jbnohozdi ay tr`jsfdrrojb tgdor rdsoidjhd frem tgd Gobgn`jiste Diojaurbg. `ji tgd @hg`dmdmi`d Aàynejohozdi ay tr`jsfdrrojb tgdors frem Sdrsoste Xus`* G`nf tgd A`jjdrmdj wge hejqudrdi ojtr`-mur`n Hgoj` fer tgd M`jhguIyj`sty wdrd jet M`jhgus `t `nn. aut Xeutg-M`jhguro`j Hgojdsd< `ji tgd se-h`nndiM`jhgu hejqudst ef Hgoj` w`s. oj dffdht. ` Hgojdsd hovon w`r* 'Xdd N`ttomerd. ep* hot*.

SS- 9X-2O-/8 Fer tgos. sdd furtgdr S`rt OOO* @. ven

ooo. pp* 06-11. adnew*




addj areubgt ujidr tgd Hgojdsd pneubg* Tjidr tgd heujtdr-

`tt`hl ef tgdsd dvdr ìv`jhojb furrews. tgd Mejbens g`vd `nmest

dv`hu`tdi tgdor fermdr p`sturdn`jis seutg ef tgd Beao Idsdrt.wgond

tgd M`jhgus g`vd adhemd `nmest dxtojht oj "tgd Ygrdd D`stdrjSrevojhds" ef tgd Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh wgohg `rd stonn pepun`rny ljewj`s M`jhguro`* Oj etgdr weris. tgd djvorejs ef Sdlojb g`vd hd`sdi

te ad ` m`rhg `ji g`vd adhemd `ssomon`tdi te tgd ojtdroer fer tgd

forst tomd oj F`r D`stdrj gostery< `ji ot os oj `hheri`jhd wotg

eur n`w tg`t oj tgdsd jdw horhumst`jhds Sdlojb otsdnf sgeuni fer-

fdot ots nejb-mòjtòjdi st`tus ef adojb tgdh`pot`n ef Hgoj`* 0

Aut g`s J`jlojb ujidrbejd `jy hejvdrsd hg`jbd ef horhum-

st`jhds wgohg djtotnds ot te

rd-`hquord

tgd st`tus wgohgSdlojb

g`s

jew nest 5 Of eur n`w os te ad vojioh`tdi hempndtdny. wd must ad

ànd te idmejstr`td tg`t. hejhurrdjtny. tgd djvorejs ef J`jlojbg`vd hd`sdi te ad p`rt ef tgd ojtdroer. `s tgdy g`vd addj gotgdrte

sojhd tgd adbojjojb ef F`r D`stdrj gostery. `ji g`vd adhemd `

m`rhg< `ji. `s seej `s wd st`td tgd preandm oj tgdsd tdrms. wd

pdrhdovd tg`t. oj tgos qu`rtdr. tgdrd g`s oj f`ht addj ` tr`jsferm`-

toej ef Hgoj`"s gum`j djvorejmdjt wgohg os jet ndss f`r-rd`hgojb

tg`j tgd hg`jbd oj tgd jertg* Rgond. `nejb tgd jertgdrj n`ji-

frejtodrs ef Hgoj`. tgd eni prdssurd frem tgd Jemìs ef tgd

Dur`so`j Xtdppd g`s brìu`nny addj rdiuhdi te v`josgojb peojt `ji

g`s n`ttdrny bovdj pn`hd te ` heujtdr-prdssurd upej tgd Jemìs

frem tgd Hgojdsd. Hgoj` g`s addj dxpesdi hejtdmper`jdeusny te `

jdw prdssurd. ef stdìony ojhrd`sojb ojtdjsoty. `nejb gdr d`stdrj

frejt`bd. wgdrd sgd f`hds tgd sd`* Oj d`rnodr `bds ef F`r D`stdrj

gostery. tgd he`st-nojd ef Hgoj` w`s tgd qu`rtdr ej wgohg tgd

prdssurd upej gdr w`s nd`st sdvdrd* X`vd fer tgd idsuntery vosots ef

@rà `ji Sdrso`j Musnom mdrhg`jt-sgops oj tgd Y"`jb pdroei `jitgd idsuntery ròis ef K`p`jdsd por`tds oj tgd Mojb pdroei. tgd sd`

rdmòjdi. frem tgd Hgojdsd st`jipeojt. "` pdrfdht `ji àsenutd

an`jl". ujton. semd feur hdjturods `be. ot adh`md tgd vdgohnd ef tgd

omp`ht ef eur Rdstdrj Hovonoz`toej upej tgd F`r D`st+

Ygos omp`ht ef ` gum`j ferhd frem tgd eppesotd soid ef tgd bnead

w`s fddand `t forst<`ji ot os ndss tg`j ` hdjtury `be tg`t ot adb`j te

`hquord ots prdsdjt fermoiànd memdjtum* @t tgd i`td. fer ojst`jhd.

wgdj tgd Y"òp"ojb mìd tgdor ujsuhhdssfun `ttdmpt te rdtr`jsfdrtgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` te J`jlojb. tgd Rdstdrj ojtdrj`toej`n sdttnd-

mdjt ef Xg`jbgò w`s stonn oj ots pujy ojf`jhy; `j ujrdb`ridi

aujhg ef "beiewjs" pn`jtdi ej ` mui-a`jl up ` a`hlw`tdr ef

tgd_`jbtsd dstu`ry* Ye-i`y Xg`jbgò os jet ejny tgd brd`tdst ef tgd

trd`ty-perts tg`t stui tgd he`st ef Hgoj` frem H`jtej `t ejd dji

0 Hemp`rd tgd diopsd ef Ygdads `ftdr ot gì addj rdndb`tdi te tgd ojtdroer ef tgd

Dbypto`hRerni tgreubg tgd ojherper`toej ef Juao` 'sdd tgd prdsdjt hg`ptdr. pp 0 09-07.

àevd/*




te Yodjtsoj `t tgd etgdr* Xgd os `nse ejd ef tgd brd`tdst perts `ji

brd`tdst hotods oj tgd Rerni. `ji. te `nn `ppd`r`jhd. sgd hemm`jis

` futurd tg`t wonn quotd dhnopsd gdr ompesojb prdsdjt* Oj etgdr

weris. `s Hgoj`"s jertgdrj n`jiw`ri m`rhgds g`vd f`nndj ojte

`trepgy wotg tgd hdss`toej ef prdssurd frem tgd Jemìs. ` jdw

d`stdrj m`rotomd m`rhg g`s addj areubgt ojte dxostdjhd ay ` jdw

prdssurd frem evdrsd`s wgohg os adojb dxdrtdi upej Hgoj` ay tgd

Rdstdrjdrs* Ygos jdw m`rotomd m`rhg g`s t`ldj tgd pn`hd ef tgd

eni n`jiw`ri m`rhg `s tgd qu`rtdr frem wgohg tgd ojhoidjhd ef

dxtdrj`n prdssurd upej Hgoj` os gd`vodst< `ji tgd sdhter oj wgohg

ot os jew gd`vodst ef `nn os tgd hdjtr`n sdhter hejtòjojb Xg`jbgò*

Xg`jbgòos tgd

peojtef tgd

spd`rwgohg tgd Rdst os

tgrustojbojte

Hgoj`"s soid<`ji `hheriojbny. oj tgd penotoh`n bdebr`pgy ef Hgoj`.

`s ot g`s hemd te ad rd-erodjt`tdi iurojb tgd n`st tgrdd-qu`rtdrs ef

` hdjtury. tgd prevojhd ef Lo`jbsu. ojwgohg Xg`jbgò os dmadiidi.

g`s suhhddidi te tgd gosteroh pesotoej ef tgd prevojhd ef Hgogno.

wgohg usdi te nod `tgw`rt tgd w`r-p`tgs ef Jemì ojvìdrs frem

Mejbeno` `ji M`jhguro`* 0

Jew J`jlojb ehhupods oj Lo`jbsu ` pesotoej herrdspejiojb te

0

Ygd rdìdr ef tgos p`ss`bd m`y idmur te tgos ompnodi rdndb`toej ef M`jhguj` te `sdheji`ry rend< fer gd h`j peojt eut tg`t M`jhguro` g`s jdvdr hd`sdi te ad ` zejd mwgohg dxtdrj`n prdssurd os adojb areubgt te ad`r upej Hgoj` `ji tg`t. sojhd tgd o7tg-

obtg Xdptdmadr. 0?80. tgd prdssurd upej Hgoj` frem tgos qu`rtdr g`s adhemd se ojtdjsd

tg`tZotg`s hemd te ad rdb`ridi `s ` m`ttdr ef werni-woid hejhdrj* Ygos os quotd trud<

aut ot sgeuni `nse ad easdrvdi tg`t. sojhd tgd n`st idhìd ef tgd jojdtddjtg hdjtury ef tgd

Hgrosto`j Dr`. tgd prdssurd wgohg g`s addj dxdrtdi upej Hgoj` tgreubg M`jhguro`g`s jet addj tgd prdssurd dotgdr ef Mejben Jemìosm er ef M`jhgu A`ra`rosm Oj

tgdsd n`ttdr i`ys. tgd prdssurd tgreubg M`jhguro` g`s addj dxdrtdi ay Qusso` `ji

K`p`j< `ji ot g`s addj dxdrtdi ay tgdsd twe Sewdrs `s ` hejsdqudjhd ef tgd prehdss ef

Rdstdrjoz`toej wgohg d`hg eftgdm g`s prdvoeusny ujidrbejd Oj f`ht. Qusso` `ji K`p`joj M`jhguro` `rd `htojb `s rdprdsdjt`tovds ef tgd Rdst< `ji. oj vortud ef tgos. tgd

ompert`jhd ef M`jhguro` `s ` hg`jjdn hejiuhtojb tew`ris Hgoj` tgd `bbrdssoej ef tgd

Rdst os `t nd`st `s brd`t+ `t tgd prdsdjt i`y "`s ots ompert`jhd oj arojbojb tgd dxp`jsovdpewdrs ef Hgoj` te ad`r ej tgd frejtodr"* 'N`ttomerd. ep hot*. p* 14?*/ Tjidr tgd sgìewef tgd Xoje-Qusso`j hejfnoht oj M`jhguro` oj 0?1? `ji tgd merd fermoiànd Xoje-

K`p`jdsd hejfnoht oj M`jhguro` wgohg h`md te ` gdì oj 0?80. `j easdrvdr mobgt adojhnojdi tekuibd tg`t. wgond tgd pdrsej`noty ef tgd `bbrdsser oj M`jhguro` g`s hg`jbditgd K`p`jdsd `ji tgd Qusso`j g`vojb rdpn`hdi tgd Mejben `ji tgd M`jhgu M`jhguroòtsdnf g`s jet ferfdotdi ots gosteroh rend `s tgd qu`rtdr frem wgohg tgd gd`vodst dxtdrj`n

prdssurd upej Hgoj` os dxdrtdi* _dt ej hnesdr ojspdhtoej ot wonn ad feuji tg`t. oj spotd ef

supdrfoho`n `ppd`r`jhds. tgd M`jhguro`j frejtodr. `s ` zejd ef djtry fer tgd Rdstdrj

omp`ht upej Hgoj`. os rd`nny sdheji`ry te tgd m`rotomd frejtodr reuji tgd dstu`ry ef tgd

_`jbtsd* Ygos trutg os aerjd eut aytgd gostery eftgd Xme-K`p`jdsd hejfnohtwgohg areldeut oj M`jhguro` oj 0?80< fer tgd hejfn`br`toej wgohg gì forst fn`rdi up `t Mulidjsprdì te Xg`jbgò fertgwotg*

"Ygdrd heuni g`vd addj je merd hejhnusovd idmejstr`toej tg`j tgos ef tgd trutg tg`ttgd hdjtrd ef br`voty ef Hgoj` gì ojiddi dffdhtovdny sgoftdi frem tgd Srevojhd ef Hgogno`ji tgd A`soj ef tgd Sdoge Qovdr `ji tgd pert ef Yodjtsoj `ji tgd fermdr penotoh`n h`pot`n`t Sdlojb te tgd Srevojhd ef Lo`jbsu `ji tgd a`soj ef tgd _`jbtsd Qovdr `ji tgd pert ef

Xg`jbgò `ji tgd jdw penotoh`n h`pot`n `t J`jlojb Oj dffdht. tgd jdw hdjtrd ef djdrbywotg wgohg Rdstdrj djtdrprosd gì djiewdi er djhumadrdi Hgoj` `t Xg`jbgò gìadhemd se petdjt tg`t. ay tgd yd`rs 0?80-1. ot w`s vortu`nny ompessoand feo `jytgojb ef

m`ker ompert`jhd te g`ppdj te Hgoj` `t n`rbd wotgeut Xg`jbgò adhemojb tgd projhop`nshdjd ef `htoej* Oj tgos pg`sd ef Hgojdsd gostery. Xg`jbgò w`s ` iemoj`jt m`bjdtohpeojt< `ji tgd m`bjdtoh pewdr ef tgos Rdstdrj-mìd fehus ef meidrj Hgojdsd dhejemohnofd prevdi strejbdr tg`j K`p`jdsd monot`ry iospesotoejs% 'Yeyjadd. @* K*; Xurvdy efOjtdrj`toej`n @ffòos 0?80 'Nejiej 0?81. Monferi/. p* 960*/




tg`t ef Sdlojb oj Hgogno* Sdlojb hemm`jis tgd Mejbeno`j w`r-p`tgiewj tgd J`jlew idfond `ji tgd M`jhguro`j w`r-p`tg tgreubgtgd p`ss`bd ef Xg`j-gò-lw`j. wgdrd tgd Brd`t R`nn idshdjis

frem tgd meujtòjs te tgd sd`* Xomon`rny. J`jlojb hemm`jis tgdp`tg ay wgohg Rdstdrj mdj-e"-w`r pdjdtr`td ojte tgd gd`rt ef

Hgoj` up tgd w`tdrw`y ef tgd _`jbtsd* @ Hgojdsd Bevdrjmdjt

dstànosgdi `t J`jlojb h`j idfdji Hgoj` `bòjst tgd mest fer-

moiànd ef tgd dxtdrj`n prdssurds te wgohg sgd os suakdht te-i`y`t tgd peojt wgdrd tgd prdssurd os tgd mest ojtdjsd

< `ji. oj lddpojbtgd ojtruidr ujidr survdonn`jhd `ji geniojb gom oj hgdhl frem tgos

pest ef v`jt`bd. tgd rundrs ef Hgoj` h`j nd`rj gos `rts `s wdnn* F`s

dst dt à gestdiehdro".

0 `jiJ`jlojb

os

ejnyejd sgert

jobgt"s rònw`y-keurjdy iost`jt frem Xg`jbgò; tgd idj `ji shgeen ef tgodvds

wgohg Rdstdrj djtdrprosd g`s pn`jtdi `t Hgoj`"s d`stdrj ieer*

"Monot`ry idfd`t frem tgd sd`w`ri soid. oj spotd ef tgd gostery ef tgd

jojdtddjtg hdjtury. os stonn jevdn `ji tdrrofyojb te tgd hejshoeusjdss ef

tgd \Hgojdsd] pdepnd `t n`rbd* Ygdrd os je auffdr tdrrotery adtwddj tgd

sd` `ji tgd gd`rt ef Hgoj`< tgdrd `rd je jej-Hgojdsd rdsdrveor troads

te brìu`td tgd sgehl< `ji tgd trìotoej ef tgd sd`-beojb pepun`toejotsdnf os ejd ef dxpneotojb. jet efadojb dxpneotdi* Ygd omp`ht ef Rdstdrj

j`toejs. tgd `nodj st`ji`ris ef tgd Rdst. trd`tods ioht`tdi ay tgd Rdst.g`vd `nw`ys `reusdi ` rd`htoej ef tdrrer `ji g`td f`r brd`tdr tg`j `jyidfd`t oj tgd v`bud auffdr tdrroterods ef tgd Jertg* Ygdrd os je ujidr-

nyojb trìotoej te prdshroad ` mdtgei ef id`nojb wotg `bbrdssoej frem

evdr tgd sd`* Ygd mdtgeis `ppnodi oj tgd dobgtddjtg `ji jojdtddjtg

hdjturods wdrd. bdjdr`nny spd`lojb. heneurdi ay tgd trìotoejs `ppnyojb

te tgd jertgdrj n`ji-frejtodr a`ra`ro`js* Ygdy ioi jet werl wdnn< oj

f`ht. tgdy tdjidi te arojb ej ios`stdrs* Gdjhd ` fddnojb. wgohg g`s jew

pdjdtr`tdi vdry iddp. tg`t tgd Rdstdrj j`toejs `rd ojh`nhunànd. tg`t tgdy

`rd `nw`ys noldny te sprojb ` frdsg surprosd. semdtgojb quotd eutsoid ef

dxpdrodjhd `ji tgd runds ef tgd b`md*"1

Ot w`s oj eridr te nd`rj tgd eutn`jiosg runds ef tgd jdw Rdstdrj

b`md efw`r `ji iopnem`hy `ji trìd `ji ojiustry `ji foj`jhd tg`t

tgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` w`s tr`jsfdrrdi frem Sdlojb te J`jlojb oj

@*I* 0?17* Ot wonn ad sddj tg`t tgos tr`jsfdr os ` pdrfdht onnustr`toej

ef eur n`w tg`t tgd dxtdrj`n prdssurd ef tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt

upej ` m`rhg ìmojostdrs ` stomunus wgohg bovds tgd m`rhg prd-

iemoj`jhd evdr tgd ojtdroer*

Oj tgd Gojiu Rerni

Of wd turj jdxt frem F`r D`stdrj gostery te Gojiu. wd sg`nn

rdhebjozd hdrtòj herrdspejiojb pgdjemdj`* Rd sg`nn jetohd. fer

ojst`jhd. tg`t oj Ojio`. `s oj Hgoj`. te-i`y tgd m`rhg wgohg os

oEvoi. Mdt`merpgesds. Aeel OV. 0* 917*

`N`ttomerd. Ewdj; M`jhguro` Hrìnd ef Hejfnoht 'Jdw _erl 0?81. M`hmonn`j/.

pp* 1?2-7*




suakdht te tgd gd`vodst prdssurd os tgd sdàe`ri. `ji tg`t tgd

prdssurd frem evdrsd`s os adojb `ppnodi ay tgd s`md Rdstdrj ferhd*

Oj Aema`y. "tgd B`td ef Ojio`". wd sg`nn oidjtofy tgd Ojio`j

`j`nebud ef Xg`jbgò< `ji wd sg`nn easdrvd tg`t kust `s tgd vot`ndndmdjts ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Xehodty oj Hgoj` g`vd addj hejhdj-

tr`tojb tgdmsdnvds n`ttdrny oj tgd ommdio`td gojtdrn`ji ef Xg`jbgò.

se tgd vot`n dndmdjts ef tgd Gojiu Xehodty oj Ojio` sddm te ad

hejhdjtr`tojb tgdmsdnvds jew oj tgd ommdio`td gojtdrn`ji ef Aem-

a`y* Ot os tgd Aema`y Srdsoidjhy. frem Seej` te @gmìàì. tg`t

os preiuhojb tgd ferdmest penotoho`js `ji ojiustro`nosts `ji sòjts

`ji tgojldrs oj Ojio` oj eur bdjdr`toej*

Rd sg`nn

jetohd. `bòj. tg`t.oj Ojio` `s oj

Hgoj`.tgos hejhdjtr`-

toej ef prdssurd `ji stomunus `ji rdspejsd oj tgd m`rotomd m`rhg

os ef rdhdjt i`td<`ji ojiddi oj Ojio` ot os stonn f`r frem adojb hem-

pndtd* Of wd p`ss. fer ojst`jhd. frem tgd ojtdnndhtu`n `ji dhejemoh

ojiohds ef seho`n vot`noty te tgd monot`ry. `ji ojquord ojte tgd hem-

p`r`tovd hejtroautoejs ef tgd v`roeus suaiovosoejs ef hejtdmper`ryOjio` te tgd Ojio`j @rmy. wd sg`nn foji tg`t jd`rny 47 pdr hdjt.

ef tgd pdrsejjdn os suppnodi ay tgd S`jkà `ji ay tgd ìkeojojbJertg-Rdst Frejtodr Srevojhd. `ji tg`t. ej tgos hrotdroej. tgd

Aema`y Srdsoidjhy os `ntebdtgdr eutm`thgdi ay tgd S`jkà oj

vot`noty. dvdj tgeubg ot genis ots ewj oj tgd monot`ry fodni. `s oj tgd

hovon. `bòjst `nn etgdr prevojhds ef Arotosg Ojio`* 0

Merdevdr. tgd

h`pot`n ef tgd Ojio`j Dmpord. tgeubg ot w`s tr`jsfdrrdi te ` jdw sotd

oj @*I* 0?01. `s tgd h`pot`n ef tgd Hgojdsd Qdpuanoh w`s tr`jsfdrrdi

oj 0?17. g`s jet addj tr`jspn`jtdi te tgd Aema`y"Srdsoidjhy* Ot g`s

addj neh`tdi `t Idngo<`ji Idngo.tgeubg jet `pprdhoàny jd`rdr tg`j

tgdprdvoeus h`pot`n. H`nhutt`.teAema`y. osejtgdfrojbdeftgdS`jkà *

Oj f`ht. tgd spdho`n djhn`vd hejtòjojb tgd jdw ompdro`n h`pot`n g`s

addj h`rvdi eut ef tdrroterywgohg prdvoeusny adnejbdi te tgd S`jkà`s idnomotdi oj Arotosg Ojio`j ìmojostr`tovd bdebr`pgy*

0 Oj tgd yd`r 0?83. tgd tet`n hema`t`jt strdjbtg ef tgd Arotosg Ojio`j Qdbun`r @rmyw`s 047.133* Ef tgdsd treeps. ?0.633 gì addj rdhruotdi frem tgd S`jkà `ji tgdJertg-Rdst Frejtodr Srevojhd. semd 84.433 frem tgd Gom`n`y`j Gobgn`jis 'B`rgw`n.Lumèj. Jdp`n/< semd 80.033 frem tgd rdst ef Ojio`. ojhnuiojb tgd Aema`y Srdsoidjhy<`ji 2.333 frem tgd Aema`y Srdsoidjhy otsdnf 'Xdd tgd Qdpert ef tgd Ojio`j Xt`tuteryHemmossoej = Arotosg S`rno`mdjt`ry S`pdr Hmi* 8467 ef 0?83 'Nejiej 0?83. G M*Xt`toejdry Effohd/. ven* o. pp* ?6-7* Oj tgd foburds dxtr`htdi frem tgos seurhd oj tgdprdsdjt feetjetd. tgd 06.433 treeps rdhruotdi frem tgd Tjotdi Srevojhds g`vd addj

hrdiotdi te tgd Gom`n`y`j Gobgn`jis ej tgd `ssumptoej tg`t tgd m`keroty ef tgdm h`mdfrem tgd gobgn`ji iostrohts ef B`rgw`n `ji Lumèj*/ Ygd àevd foburds ojhnuidrdhruotmdjts eutsoid `s wdnn `s ojsoid tgd nomots ef tdrrotery ujidr Arotosg ìmojostr`toejer hejtren* Oj tgd yd`r 0?83. àeut ejd-sdvdjtg ef tgd Ojio`j Qdbun`r @rmy w`srdhruotdi frem tdrroterods adyeji tgd nomots ef Arotosg ìmojostr`toej er hejtren; p`rtny`mejb tgd gobgn`jidrs ef tgd Jertg-Rdst Frejtodr oj iostrohts wgohg wdrd jet ujidrdffdhtovd Arotosg rund tgeubg tgdy wdrd ej tgd Ojio`j soid ef tgd Ojie-@fbg`j Frejtodr-`ji

p`rtnyZtetgd strdjbtg ef 0?.333/ `mejb tgd gobgn`jidrs ef Jdp`n; `j ojidpdjidjt

st`td g`jbojb ej tgd seutgdrj fn`jls ef tgd Gom`n`y`s* Fer tgd tdjidjhy ef hovonoz`-

toejs. wgdj tgdy foji tgdmsdnvds hejfrejtojb a`ra`ro`js `nejb st`toej`ry `rtofoho`n

frejtodrs. te rdhruot tgdor frejtodr idfdjhd-ferhds frem `mejb tgd tr`js-frejtodr a`r-a`ro`js tgdmsdnvds. sdd S`rt VOOO. adnew*




Rgy g`s tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` mevdi te Idngo `ji jet te tgd

gojtdrn`ji ef Aema`y 5 @jiwgy ie tgdS`jkà `ji tgd Jertg-Rdst

Frejtodr Srevojhd suppny. adtwddj tgdm. merd rdhruots tg`j `nn tgd

rdst ef Ojio`tebdtgdr

te tgd Ojio`j

@rmy5Ygd `jswdr te tgd sdheji qudstoej os. ef heursd. tg`t. oj tgd S`j-

kà `ji oj tgd Jertg-Rdst Frejtodr Srevojhd. oj hejtr`st te tgd

M`rotomd M`rhg `ji tgd ojtdroer `nold. Ojio`j vot`noty g`s addj

stomun`tdi te dxprdss otsdnf oj monot`ry prewdss ay dxpesurd te

dxtdrj`n monot`ry prdssurd* Ygos prdssurd os adojb `ppnodijewì`ys

ay tgd w`rnold gobgn`jidrs wge stonn prdsdrvd tgdor ojidpdjidjhd id

f`hte ej tgd dxtrdmd dibd ef tgd Or`jo`j Sn`tdù. wgdrd ots seutg-

d`stdrj dsh`rpmdjt idshdjis upej tgd jertg-wdstdrj fn`jl ef tgd

Ojius V`nndy* Ygd prexomoty ef tgdsd a`ra`ro`j gonn-mdj g`s tgd

s`md stomun`tojb dffdht upej tgd frejtodrsmdj ef tgd Gojiu Rerni.

`nejb tgd a`jls ef "tgd Fovd Qovdrs". tg`t tgd prexomoty ef somon`r

a`ra`ro`js oj tgd gobgn`jis ef Xgdjso `ji Xg`jso ejhd gì upejtgd frejtodrsmdj ef tgd Xojoh Rerni oj tgd v`nndys ef tgd Rdo `ji

tgd Fdj* 0 @ji tgd p`r`nndn beds furtgdr* Ej tgd jertgdrj m`rhgds

ef Hgoj`. tgd gobgn`ji zejd ejhd ehhupodi ay a`ra`ro`j gonn-mdj

dvdjtu`nny adh`md. `s wd g`vd easdrvdi.1 ` p`ss`bd tgreubg wgohg

Hgoj` w`s ojvìdi ay tgd merd fermoiànd Jemìoh pdepnds fremtgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd oj tgd gojtdrn`ji* Xomon`rny. ej tgd jertg-

wdstdrj m`rhgds ef Ojio`. tgd prdssurd wgohg os adojb dxdrtdi aytgd neh`n gobgn`jidrs `t tgd prdsdjt i`y w`s fermdrny f`r surp`ssdi

oj sdvdroty ay ` prdssurd frem tgd Jemìs ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd.

wge feuji ` p`ss`bd ojte Ojio` `hress tgd gobgn`jis ef@fbg`jost`j.

`s tgdor heujtdrp`rts feuji ` p`ss`bd ojte Hgoj` `hress tgd gobg-

n`jis ef Xgdjso `ji Xg`jso `ji Kdgen*

Oj Gojiugostery.

`s oj F`r D`stdrj. ot os tgos

prdssurd

frem

Dur`so`j Jemìs `hress `j ojn`ji frejtodr tg`t g`s addj tgd

gd`vodst dxtdrj`n prdssurd ujton rdhdjtny. `ji tgos dvdr sojhd tgd

tomd wgdj Gojiu gostery adb`j* Ygd Jemìs" prdssurd w`s fdnt

oj funn ferhd iurojb tgd ojtdrrdbjum. fennewojb tgd iosojtdbr`toej

ef tgd "`pp`rdjtdi" Ojiod Hovonoz`toej. eut ef wgohg tgd Gojiu

Hovonoz`toej eroboj`nnydmdrbdi * Ojtgdpest-OjiodVenldrw`jidrujb

`ftdr tgd ard`l-up ef tgd Bupt` Dmpord tgd Ojiod Sewdr tg`t gì

rdsumdi `ji funfonndi tgd seho`n fujhtoejs ef `j Ojiod ujovdrs`n

st`td8 Ojio` w`s ojvìdi. `hress tgos jertg-wdst frejtodr. ay tgd

0 Xdd tgd prdsdjt sdhtoej. pp* 007-0?. àevd. `ji hemp`rd tgd rdn`toejs adtwddj tgd

Hgojdsd frejtodrsmdj `ji tgd M`jhgu a`ra`ro`j gonn-mdj oj M`jhguro`. ej tgd dvd ef

tgdor keojt hejqudst ef ojtr`-mur`n Hgoj`* 'Xdd p* 019. feetjetd o. àevd*/1Xddp* 00?. àevd*

*

8 Fer tgd rend ef tgd Bupt` Dmpord oj Ojiod gostery. `s ` rdsumptoej ef tgd Ojiod

ujovdrs`n st`td wgohg gì addj forst dmaeiodi oj tgd Mùry` Dmpord `ji gì tgdj addj

ojtdrruptdi prdm`turdny ay ` Gdnndjoh ojtrusoej upej tgd Ojiod Rerni. sdd O. H 'o/ '4/.

ven* o. pp* 74-6. àevd*

OO L




Jemì Burk`r`s `ji Gujs* Ygd ojvìdrs sw`mpdi tgd Ojius

V`nndy. mìd tgdmsdnvds `t gemd oj tgd Ojio`j Idsdrt adyeji ot.

`ji swdpt ej tgreubg Q`kput`j` ojte tgd Idhh`j* 0 Ygd gosteroh

ossud

w`s wgdtgdr tgdsd a`ra`ro`js sgeuni er sgeuni jet ferdst`nntgd dmdrbdjhd ef ` jdw hovonoz`toej. "`ffono`tdi+ te tgd idfujht Ojiod

Hovonoz`toej. ay djbunfojb tgd B`jbds V`nndy `s wdnn< `ji tgos

qudstoej w`s idhoidi oj tgd jdb`tovd adhùsd. `nejb tgd nojd ef tgd

Qovdr Kumj`. ` st`ji `bòjst tgdor ejsnùbgts w`s mìd wotg

suhhdss* Oj tgd gosteroh`n bdebr`pgy eftgd Gojiu Rerni. tgd hress-

sdhtoej ef tgd brd`t pnòj ef Gojiust`j wgohg hejtòjs tgd heursd

ef tgd Kumj`. frem tgd seutgdrj feet-gonns ef tgd Gom`n`y`s te tgd

jertgdrj feet-gonns ef tgd Hdjtr`n Ojio`jgobgn`jis.

g`s gì tgd

s`md str`tdboh ompert`jhd `s tgd p`ssds frem M`jhguro` `ji Mej-

beno` ojte tgd Hgojdsd prevojhd ef Hgogno oj tgd gosteroh`n bdebr`pgyef tgd F`r D`st* Gdrd w`s tgd b`p tgreubg wgohg tgd Jemìojvìdrs must p`ss of tgdy wdrd te pdjdtr`td f`rtgdr

<`ji gdrd w`s

tgd peojt wgdrd tgdy mdt wotg sdroeus rdsost`jhd* Ye tgos jdobg-

aeurgeei. `hheriojbny. tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` g`s br`vot`tdi gotgdrte

tgreubgeut tgd gostery ef tgd Gojiu Hovonoz`toej*

@nrdìy. iurojb tgd pest-Ojiod ojtdrrdbjum. wgdj G`rsg`

'ompdrà`t @*I* 636-92/ memdjt`rony rdsterdi tgd Ojiod ujovdrs`n

st`td. gd foxdi gosh`pot`n oj tgos jdw jertg-wdstdrj m`rhg `t

Xtg`jdsv`r`. hevdrojb tgd `ppre`hg frem tgd S`jkà te tgd Kumj`.`ji jet oj tgd ojtdroer ef M`bìg` tgd j`tur`n ìmojostr`tovd

hdjtrd ef tgd B`jbds A`soj. `t tgd kujhtoej ef tgd B`jbds wotg tgd

Kumj` `ji wotg twe etgdr troaut`rods. wgohg gì addj tgd h`pot`nef aetg tgd Bupt`s `ji tgd Mùry`s* @bòj. semd twe hdjturods

n`tdr. wgdj tgd jdw Gojiu Hovonoz`toej. wgohg gì dmdrbdi oj

tgd md`jwgond. w`s tgrd`tdjdi oj ots ojf`jhy ay prdssurd frem tgd

@ràs. wge gì rd`hgdi tgd idnt` ef tgd Ojius frem tgd sd` `jiwdrd pusgojb tgdor w`y ojn`ji up-rovdr.

1 tgd @ràs" ìv`jhd w`s`rrdstdi ay tgd rosd ef ` Gojiu Sewdr. tgd Sr`tog`r` Q`kputs. wgerundi frem Bukdr`t te tgd Kumj`-B`jbds Iuà `ji foxdi tgdor

h`pot`n oj tgd Iuà. ej tgd wdst a`jl ef tgd B`jbds. `t L`jùk*8

f

+ OjVojhdjt Xmotg"s epojoej. tgd Hg`nuly`s. wge feujidi ` projhop`notyoj tgd Idhh`jhorh` @*I* 443. wdrd preaàny Burk`r` ojvìdrs frem Q`kpun`j`* 'Xmotg. Vojhdjt; YgdD`rny Gostery ef Ojio`. 8ri diotoej 'Exferi 0?09. Hn`rdjiej Srdss/. p* 919 /

+

Fer tgd prevojhd ef tgd @rà H`nopg`td oj tgd Ojius V`nndy. sdd O* H 'o/ 'a/. ven* o

pp* 034-6. àevd*

8ZYgd Sr`tog`r`s wdrd Burk`r` hejvdrts te Gojiuosm wge idfdjidi tgd sehodty ef

tgdor ìeptoej `bòjst tgd `bbrdssoej ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td 'jew rdsumdi. `ftdrtgd Gdnndjoh ojtrusoej. oj tgd @rà H`nopg`td/. kust `s. ej tgd eppesotd dibd ef tgdXyro`h Rerni. `jetgdr j`shdjt sehodty oj tgos h`sd. Rdstdrj Hgrostdjiemw`sidfdjidi `bòjst tgd s`md @rà `bbrdssers ay tgd Sr`jlosg hejvdrts te Hgrosto`joty*Ygd Dur`so`j Jemì eroboj ef tgd Sr`tog`r`s os `ttdstdi ay tgdor monot`ry tdhgjoqud*Ygdy wdrd gersd-`rhgdrs `ji h`mdn-mdj. jet dndpg`jt-roidrs* 'Xdd Vòiy`* H* V* ; YgdGostery ef Mdio`dv`n Ojio` 'Seej` 0?19. Erodjt`n Aeel Xuppnyojb @bdjhy/. ven* oo.

p* 034 / Ygd Sr`tog`r`s mìd tgdmsdnvds m`stdrs ef tgd Kumj`-B`jbds Iuà idfojo-

tovdny horh` @*I* 703-06* Ot os rdm`rlànd tg`t tgdy foxdi tgdor h`pot`n `t L`jùk. oj tgos




Aetg L`jùk `ji Xtg`jdsv`r`. gewdvdr. wdrd te ad dhnopsdi ay `

n`tdr feuji`toej oj tgd s`md rdboej* Idngo w`s auont ej tgd wdst

a`jl ef tgd Kumj`. ej ` sotd ojtdrmdio`td adtwddj tgd sotds ef tgd

twed`rnodr

h`pot`ns. oj @*I* ??8-9+ ay Gojiu g`jis< aut Idngo. nold

Sdlojb.w`s forst ròsdi te gejeuray rundrswge wdrd `nodj ojtruidrs*

@t tgos vdry kujhturd. tgd Jemìs ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd areld

tgdor aeujis `bòj `ji adb`j te m`ld tgdorw`y ojte Ojio` ay tgd eni

reutd `hress tgd jertg-wdst frejtodr<aut tgos tomdtgdy `ppd`rdi oj `

jdw buosd* Ygd Guj `ji Burk`r` ojvìdrs eftgd pest-Ojiod Venldr-

w`jidrujb 'horh` @*I* 924-224/ gì hemd oj `s ujioffdrdjto`tdi

a`ra`ro`js wge wdrd jet ommujd frem hejvdrsoej te Gojiuosm*

Ygdor Yurlosg lojsmdj wge teel tgd s`md reì twe hdjturods

n`tdr `rrovdi oj Ojio` `s hejvdrts te Osn`m tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n

hgurhg `ji `s `pestnds ef ` jdw Or`joh Hovonoz`toej te wgohg tgd

dxporojb Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej w`s "`pp`rdjtdi"* Ay ferhd ef `rms

tgdsd n`ttdr-i`y Yurlosg ojvìdrs h`rrodi tgdor `nodj rdnoboej `ji

hunturd ojte tgd B`jbds V`nndy. wgdrd tgdor Burk`r` prdidhdssers

gì jet sdhurdi ` feetojb ujton `ftdr tgdy gì adhemd Gojius*

Ygd Yurls areld tgreubg tgd Kumj` M`rhg. `ji hejqudrdi tgd

B`jbds V`nndy iewj te tgd he`st ef Adjb`n. oj @*I* 0 0?0-0139< tgdy

hejqudrdi tgd Idhh`j oj @*I* 01?9-083?< `ji dvdjtu`nny ` brd`t

Yurlosg st`tdsm`j. @la`r tgd Yomuroi 'ompdria`t @*I* 0446-0634/.

rdujotdi tgd Gojiu Rerni ujidr `j `nodj rund. `s tgd Mejben

Puaon`y rdujotdi tgd mòj aeiy ef tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni.1ay

arojbojb tebdtgdr ots metndy fr`bmdjts Gojiu `ji Musnom projho-

p`notods `nold ojte `j `nn-dmar`hojb dmpord wgohg pdrfermdi tgd

fujhtoejs ef ` Gojiu ujovdrs`n st`td* Fer tgd Dur`so`j ojvìdrs ef

Ojio`. Idngo w`s tgd j`tur`n sotd fer ` h`pot`n sotu`tdi. `s ot w`s.

ej tgd aeridrnojd adtwddj tgd Ojius V`nndy `ji tgd B`jbds V`nndy.

adtwddj tgd rdboej oj wgohg Osn`moh rdnoboej `ji Or`joh hunturd `ji

Dur`so`j aneei gì adhemd prdiemoj`jt `ji tgd rdboej wgdrd

Gojiuosmw`s stonn geniojb otsewjujidr `j `nodjyeld* @hheriojbny.

Idngo w`s tgd jerm`n sd`t ef Yurlosg Musnom rund oj Ojio` frem

tgd tgortddjtg hdjtury ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`. wgdj tgd "Xn`vd Lojbs"

foxdi tgdor h`pot`n tgdrd. iewj te tgd dobgtddjtg. wgdj tgd idshdj-

i`jts ef @la`r. tgd m`ldr ef tgd Gojiu ujovdrs`n st`td. wdrd mòj-

tòjojb ` sgìew heurt `t Idngo `s pretdbds `ji pdjsoejdrs ef tgdArotosg D`st Ojio` Hemp`jy*

8

jdwny `hquordi prevojhd `t tgd dxtrdmoty ef tgdor iemojoejs. ojstdì ef rdtòjojb otZ`t

semd sotd oj Q`kput`j`. tgd heujtry oj wgohg tgdy gì addj `t gemd fer sdvdr`n hdjturods

`ji wgohg w`s stonn tgd bdebr`pgoh`n hdjtrd ef tgdor dmpord* Oj eridr te dxpnòj tgdor

hgeohd. wd must suppesd tg`t tgd str`tdboh ompert`jhd ef tgd Kumj`-B`jbds Iuà w`s

`nrdìy wdnn rdhebjozdi*oXmotg. V*. ep* hot*. p* 879

1 Xdd p* 010. àevd*

8 Rgond Idngo w`s jerm`nny tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` iurojb tgd fovd er sox hdjtomds

ef Musnom Yurlosg rund. gdr djkeymdjt ef tgos st`tus w`s jet ujojtdrruptdi* Oj tgd



o81 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

Merdevdr. Idngo. nold Sdlojb. g`s suhhddidi oj rdhevdrojb gdr

st`tus `ftdr tgd iewjf`nn ef tgd Sewdr ay wgohg tgos st`tus w`s forst

hejfdrrdi upej gdr* Ygd rdpn`hdmdjt ef tgd Mubg`n Q`k oj Ojio`

ay tgd Arotosg Q`k. nold tgd dxpunsoej ef tgd Mejbens frem Hgojày tgd Mojb. w`s `hhemp`jodi `t tgd memdjt ay ` tr`jsfdr ef

tgd h`pot`n frem tgd projhop`n n`jiw`ri m`rhg te ` jdw sotd oj tgd

ojtdroer wgdrd tgd jdw rundrs fdnt tgdmsdnvds `t gemd `ji wdrd

surd ef tgdor ùtgeroty* Oj tgd jojdtddjtg hdjtury. Idngo gì te

yodni gdr prom`hy te H`nhutt`. `s. oj tgd feurtddjtg hdjtury. Sdlojb

gì te yodni gdrs te J`jlojb* _dt oj Ojio`. `s oj Hgoj`. tgd eni

h`pot`n oj tgd m`rhg dvdjtu`nny wej a`hl. frem tgd jdw h`pot`n oj

tgdojtdroer.

tgd st`tus wgohg ot gìtdmper`rony

ferfdotdi* Oj @*I*

0?01. fofty-fovd yd`rs `ftdr tgd idfojotovd dxtojhtoej ef tgd Mubg`n

Q`k `ji hejform`toej ef tgd Arotosg Q`k oj tgd supprdssoej ef

tgd Ojio`j Mutojy. tgd Arotosg Bevdrjmdjt otsdnf rdtr`jsfdrrdi

tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` te Idngo. `s tgd Mojb Dmpdrer _ujb Ne rd-

tr`jsfdrrdi tgd h`pot`n ef Hgoj` te Sdlojb fofty-tgrdd yd`rs `ftdr tgd

dxpunsoej ef tgd Mejbens frem Hgoj` ay _ujb Ne"s ewj f`tgdr

Gujb Ru*Ot os jetdwertgy tg`t. wgond tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` g`s pdrpdtu`nny

br`vot`tdi te tgd djvorejs ef Idngo sojhd tgd bdjdsos ef tgd Gojiu

Hovonoz`toej. ot g`s jdvdr dstànosgdi otsdnf pdrm`jdjtny `jywgdrdoj tgd Moiind er Newdr B`jbds V`nndy. oj Aog`r er oj Adjb`n*Adferd tgd ìvdjt ef tgd Arotosg. ot jdvdr dstànosgdi otsdnf tgdrd-

àeuts `t `nn<`ji je pdrm`jdjt hg`jbd oj tgd penotoh`n bdebr`pgy

ef tgd Gojiu Rerni g`s addj preiuhdi ay tgd gosteroh`n `hhoidjt

tg`t tgd Arotosg rund adb`j oj Adjb`n ` hdjtury adferd ot w`s funny

hejformdi tgreubgeut Ojio`* Ygos `hhoidjt b`vd Adjb`n ` ieuand

tdmper`ry ìv`jt`bd evdr etgdr Ojio`j prevojhds ; sgd adh`md tgd

a`sd ef epdr`toejs `ji sd`t ef bevdrjmdjt ef tgd jdw @nn-Ojio` r`k

wgohg w`s t`lojb tgd pn`hd ef tgd areldj-iewj r`k ef tgd Mubg`ns <

`ji gdr pdepnd wdrd dxpesdi te tgd prehdss efojtdjsovd Rdstdrjoz`-

toej sdvdr`n bdjdr`toejs d`rnodr tg`j tgdor jdobgaeurs* _dt tgdsd

`hhoidjt`n ìv`jt`bds. hejsoidrànd tgeubg tgdy `rd. g`vd jet

`vòndi `bòjst tgd pdrm`jdjt g`jioh`p te wgohg Adjb`n os suakdht ;

tgd n`hl ef stomunus wgohg os tgd pdj`nty ef gdr sotu`toej oj tgd

ojtdroer* Dvdj ujidr tgd Arotosg Q`k. wgohg g`s ots seurhd oj sd`-

pewdr. tgd h`pot`n ef Ojio` g`s idp`rtdi frem H`nhutt` ` pert

d`rny i`ys ef tgd dmpord ef tgd Brd`t Mubg`ns. tgd h`pot`n w`s `t @br`; `ji @la`r.wge ujljewojbny fennewdi oj Olgj`tej"s feetstdps oj `ttdmptojb te turj gos ùtehr`toh

penotoh`n ùtgeroty te `hheujt fer tgd `rtofoho`n hrd`toej `ji ompesotoej ef ` jdw ujovdrs`nhgurhg 'sdd S`rt VOOO. adnew/. noldwosd fennewdi Olgj`tej oj auoniojb gomsdnf ` ar`ji-jdw h`pot`n hoty* @ftdr tgd feujidr"s id`tg. gewdvdr. F`togpur Xolro gì tgd s`md f`td`s Ydnn-dn-@m`rj`< tgd h`pot`n rdvdrtdi te @br` `ji tgdjhd. ujidr Xg`g K`g`j. te Idngo<`ji se. oj tgd n`ttdr i`ys ef tgd Mubg`n Dmpord. tgd Yurlosg Musnom rund oj Ojio`djidi `t Idngo. wgdrd ot gì adbuj




`hhdssoand te ehd`j-beojb vdssdns `ji g`s sgoftdi a`hl te Idngo.

wgdrd tgd Dur`so`j gersdm`j os `t gemd `ji tgd Rdstdrj sd`-

f`rdr os ` str`jbdr* @s fer tgd stomunus ef tgd omp`ht ef eur Rdstdrj

Hovonoz`toej frem `hress tgd sd` `j omp`ht wgohg g`s bovdj Adjb`ntgd hg`r`htdr ef ` m`rhg fer tgd forst tomd oj Gojiu gostery tgd

Adjb`no rdspejsd te tgos hg`nndjbd sddms te n`hl vot`noty `ji

eroboj`noty* Oj Adjb`no seuns. tgd fdrmdjt ef Rdstdrjoz`toej os `ptte idtdroer`td ojte "tgd nd`vdj ef tgd Xhroads"* "Rgdrd tgdrd os je

vosoej. tgd pdepnd pdrosg" <

x

`ji. oj tgd Ojio`j J`toej`n Mevdmdjt.wgohg tgd hg`nndjbd ef tgd Rdst g`s dveldi. tgd ojspor`toej `ji tgd

ndìdrsgop g`vd addj p`ssojb. `s wd g`vd easdrvdi `nrdìy. frem

Adjb`nte tgd

Aema`y Srdsoidjhy*Rd

m`yeasdrvd furtgdr tg`t

tgos gojtdrn`ji ef Aema`y. wgohg g`s tgus adhemd tgd projhop`nm`rhg ef Ojio` vos-`-vos tgd Rdst. g`s jet jew `hquordi tgd

hg`r`htdr ef ` m`rhg fer tgd forst tomd oj Gojiu gostery* Frem tgd

adbojjojb. ot g`s addj dxpesdi te dxtdrj`n prdssurd ef v`roeus lojis

frem v`roeus qu`rtdrs ; monot`ry prdssurd frem Burk`r`s `ji @ràs

ay n`ji< dhejemoh prdssurd frem @ràs `ji S`rsdds ay sd`* "Ygd

brd`tdr tgd prdssurd tgd brd`tdr tgd stomunus" os ` m`xom wgohg os

aerjd eut ay tgd pgdjemdj` ef seho`n bdebr`pgy oj tgd Gojiu

Rerni. `s wdnn `s oj tgd F`r D`stdrj Rerni `ji oj tgd Xojoh `ji oj

tgd Dbypto`h*

Oj tgd Xumdroh `ji Aàynejoh Rernis

Oj tgd Xumdroh Rerni. wd foji tgd s`md n`w onnustr`tdi oj tgd

gostery ef tgd Xumdroh ujovdrs`n st`td*1 Ygd Dmpord ef Xumdr `ji

@llì w`s feujidi ay ` Xumdro`j iyj`sty wgesd h`pot`n w`s `t

Tr. oj tgd gd`rt ef tgd gemdn`ji ef tgd Xumdroh Hovonoz`toej* Ygd

Dmpord w`s rdsterdi. `ftdr ` tdmper`ry ard`liewj. ay `j @merotd

iyj`sty wgesd h`pot`n w`s `t Aàynej; "tgd B`td ef tgd Beis"

wgohg w`s `nse tgd b`td tgreubg wgohg tgd @merotd Jemìs ef

tgd Jertg @rào`j Xtdppd gì ferhdi `j djtry ojte tgd N`ji ef

Xgoj`r* Ygus. oj tgd Xumdroh ujovdrs`n st`td. penotoh`npewdrp`ssdifrem tgd ojtdroer te tgd m`rhg ej wgohg tgd gd`vodst dxtdrj`n

prdssurd w`s adojb dxdrtdi*

Ygd s`md pgdjemdj` rd`ppd`r oj tgd gostery ef tgd Aàynejoh

Hovonoz`toej wgohg w`s "`ffono`tdi" te tgd Xumdroh* Rd g`vd sddj

tg`t. oj Aàynejoh gostery. Aàynejo` w`s surp`ssdi. oj `rms `ji

`rts `nold. ay @ssyro`< `ji wd g`vd `ttroautdi @ssyro`"s supdroeroty

te tgd f`ht tg`t. `s hemp`rdi wotg Aàynejo`. sgd w`s oj ` hdrtòj

sdjsd "jdw breuji"*8 Rd sg`nn jew foji ` sdheji `ji pessoany merd

petdjt hùsd ef Aàynejo`"s fònurd te geni gdr ewj `bòjst @ssyro`

0 Srevdras xxox* 07*

` Xdd O* H 'o/ '/. ven*o. pp* 038 `ji 036. àevd* 8 Xdd pp* 29-4. àevd*




oj tgd f`ht tg`t Aàynejo` ehhupodi ` sgdntdrdi pesotoej oj tgd

ojtdroer ef tgd Aàynejoh Rerni. wgdrd`s @ssyro` w`s ` m`rhg

wgohg aerd tgd arujt ef suhhdssovd dxtdrj`n prdssurds* Oj tgd pest-

Xumdroh Venldrw`jidrujb. Aàynejo` gì suffdrdi `ji suh-humadi te `j ojv`soej ef a`ra`ro`j L`ssotds `t tgd tomd wgdj

@ssyro` w`s suffdrojb `ji rdpdnnojb `j ojv`soej ef a`ra`ro`j

Mot`jjo`js<`ji tgdrd`ftdr tgd @ssyro`js dxpdrodjhdi `ji rdsostdi

furtgdr prdssurds frem wgohg tgd Aàynejo`js wdrd dxdmpt*

@ftdr adojb noadr`tdi. oj tgd feurtddjtg hdjtury A*H*. frem tgd

Mot`jjo`j prdssurd ay tgd voh`roeus dxdrtoejs ef tgd Gottotd Sewdr.0

@ssyro` w`s ojvenvdi. tgreubgeut tgd dndvdjtg `ji tdjtg hdjturods.

oj ` jdwstrubbnd

fer dxostdjhd`bòjst

` merd fermoiàndìvdrs`rytg`j Mot`jjo oj tgd sg`pd ef @r`m* Ygd @r`m`d`js wdrd Jemìs

wge gì ossudi eut ef tgd @rào`j Sdjojsun`. oj hemp`jy wotg tgd

Gdardws. iurojb tgd Venldrw`jidrujb wgohg prdhdidi tgd aortg

ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej<`ji wgond tgd Gdardws gì iroftdi ojte

Xeutgdrj Xyro`. tgd @kr`m`d`js gì iroftdi jertgw`ris oj tgd

`jhodjt tr`hl ef tgd @merotds* Ejd wojb ef tgd mobr`jt @r`m`d`j

gerid gì sdttndi oj tgd e`sds ef d`st-hdjtr`n Xyro`. frem I`m`shus

te G`m`g< `jetgdr wojb gì n`ppdi evdr tgd Moiind Dupgr`tds`ji gì ehhupodi tgd p`sturd-n`jis ef Jertgdrj Mdsepet`mo`<`ji ot w`s tgos d`stdrj wojb tg`t h`md ojte hennosoej wotg @ssyro`*

Ygd sotu`toej. gewdvdr. w`s jet oj `nn rdspdhts tgd s`md `s wgdj

tgd @r`m`d`js" @merotd prdidhdssers gì ferhdi `j djtry ojte tgd

Xumdroh Rerni `nejb tgos vdry tr`hl semd twdnvd gujirdi yd`rs

adferd*

Ygd @merotds wgdj tgdy djtdrdi @llì. nold tgd Gujs `ji

Burk`r`s wgdj tgdy djtdrdi Ojio`. gì hemd oj `s ujioffdrdjto`tdi

a`ra`ro`js `ji. `s suhg. tgdy gì addj hejvdrtdi d`sony `ji r`poinyte tgd hunturd wgohg tgdy feuji oj ehhup`toej ef tgd breuji ej

wgohg tgdy wdrd trdsp`ssojb* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgd @r`m`d`js.wgdj tgdy adb`j te djhre`hg upej tgd wdstdrj aeridrs ef @ssyro`.gì `nrdìy hemd wotgoj tgd `maot ef tgd j`shdjt Xyro`h Hovonoz`-

toej. kust `s tgd Yurls wge ojvìdi Ojio` oj tgd feetstdps ef tgd

Gujs gì prdvoeusny hemd wotgoj tgd `maot ef tgd j`shdjt Or`joh

Hovonoz`toej `ji gì addj rdjidrdi ommujd te Gojiuosm ay `j

`jtohop`tery ojehun`toej wotg Osn`m* Ygus tgd @r`m`d`j Xyro`h

prdssurd upej tgd Aàynejoh Rerni w`s `s fermoiànd ` i`jbdr te

tgd dxostdjhd ef tgd tgrd`tdjdi hovonoz`toej `s tgd Yurlosg Musnom

prdssurd upej tgd Gojiu Rerni< aut. wgdrd`s tgd Q`kputs fòndi

te s`vd Ojio` frem adojb evdrruj ay tgd Yurls. tgd @ssyro`js jet

ejny hgdhldi tgd @r`m`d`js" d`stw`ri ìv`jhd oj twe hdjturods ef

idfdjsovd w`rf`rd aut p`ssdi evdr tgdrd`ftdr. oj tgd jojtg hdjtury+ Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. p* 008. àevd*




A*H*. ojte ` heujtdr-effdjsovd wgohg h`rrodi tgd @ssyro`j `rms te

tgd sgerds ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j `ji breuji `nn Xyro` ujidr tgd

@ssyro`j gddn* Ygus. oj tgos forst reuji ef tgd nejb `ji `riueus

strubbnd adtwddj tgd Xyro`h `ji Aàynejoh hovonoz`toejs. @ssyroàerd tgd arujt `ji bòjdi tgd vohtery fer tgd Aàynejoh Rerni* Oj

tgd md`jtomd Aàynejo` gì tgd d`sy t`sl ef `ssomon`tojb tgd Hg`n-

i`d`js ` Jemìoh pdepnd wge gì ossudi eut ef tgd @rào`j

Sdjojsun` somunt`jdeusny wotg tgd @r`m`d`js `ji tgd Gdardws.aut wgesd nojd ef mobr`toej n`y se f`r te tgd seutg-d`st tg`t tgd

ojfnudjhd ef tgd j`shdjt Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej ioi jet rd`hg tgdm*

Ygus tgd Hg`ni`d`js nold tgd @merotds `ji ujnold tgd @r`m`d`js

h`md oj `s ujioffdrdjto`tdi a`ra`ro`js wge wdrdepdj

te `ssomo-

n`toej< `ji tgdor ojfontr`toej ojte Aàynejo`. iurojb tgd hdjturods

wgdj @ssyro` w`s fobgtojb tgd @r`m`d`js fer gdr nofd. w`s ` pd`hd-fun pdjdtr`toej ojstdì ef adojb ` fermoiànd erid`n*

Merdevdr. tgd @r`m`d`j frejt w`s ejny ejd ef tgd frejts ej

wgohg @ssyro` gì te fobgt* Rgond sgd w`s rdsostojb tgd prdssurd

frem tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej ej tgd seutg-wdst. sgd gì te idfdji

gdr rd`r `bòjst tgd gobgn`jidrs ef tgd Or`jo`j `ji @j`teno`j

pn`tdùx ej tgd d`st `ji tgd jertg* Oj tgos qu`rtdr. `bòj. @ssyro`

pdrfermdi tgd fujhtoej ef ` m`rhg hevdrojb tgd ojtdroer ef tgd

Aàynejoh Rerni < `ji. wgond sgd dvdjtu`nny bòjdi tgd uppdr g`ji

evdr gdr Xyro`h ìvdrs`rods. tgd gobgn`jidrs ldpt gdr pdrpdtu`nny ej

tgd idfdjsovd* Ojiddi. wgdj. tgreubg tgos w`rnold ojtdrheursd. tgd

gobgn`ji projhop`noty ef Tr`rtu. oj tgd a`soj ef N`ld V`j. dvdj-

tu`nny adh`md hejvdrtdi te tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej. tgd strubbnd

ejny adh`md tgd merd ojtdjsd nold tgd strubbnd adtwddj tgd D`st

Qem`j Dmpord `ji Aunb`ro` `ftdr tgd hejvdrsoej ef tgd Aunb`ro`js

te Ertgeiex Hgrosto`joty*

Jdvdrtgdndss @ssyro`. ujidr tgos pdrpdtu`n prdssurd frem dvdry

qu`rtdr. idvdnepdi ` vot`noty wgohg Aàynejo` heuni jet m`thg se

nejb `s @ssyro`"s prewdss b`vd gdr sgdntdr* Ej tgd etgdr g`ji. tgd

pesotoejs wdrd rdvdrsdi wgdj @ssyro` turjdi gdr `rms `bòjst tgd

ojtdroer ef tgd Aàynejoh Rerni `ji hd`sdi te idfdji ots frejtodrs*0

Iurojb tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury A*H* sgd `ppnodi te gdr sostdr-heujtry

Aàynejo` tgd brojiojb prdssurd wgohg sgd gì `ppnodi oj tgd jojtg

`ji dobgtg hdjturods te `nodj Xyro` < `ji tgos fd`rfun hg`nndjbd stomu-n`tdi tgd Aàynejo`js `s petdjtny `s ot stomun`tdi tgd Xyro`js. tgeubg

oj ` ioffdrdjt w`y* Oj Xyro`j seuns. ot dveldi tgd rdnoboeus ojspor`-

toej wgohg feuji dxprdssoej tgreubg tgd meutgs ef tgd Srepgdts

ef Osr`dn< oj Aàynejo`j seuns ot dveldi ` iebbdi j`toej`nosm

0 Ygos hg`jbd oj tgd iordhtoej ef @ssyro`j djdrbods os dx`mojdi furtgdr oj S`rt OV.

adnew. `prepes ef tgd p`tgeneboh`n pgdjemdjej ef Monot`rosm `s ` spdhofoh m`nìy ef

tgd m`rhgds*



o 86 YGD Q@JBD EF HG@NNDJBD-@JI-QDXSEJXD

wgohg prevdi merd tg`j ` m`thg fer tgd furer @ssyro`hus* Ygd

Aàynejo`js fertofodi ay Hg`ni`d`j ojfusoejs `ji stddndi ay

@ssyro`j `trehotods wdrd oj `t tgd id`tg wgdj. `t tgd hnesd ef tgd

sdvdjtg hdjtury A*H*. tgd gobgn`jidrs ef tgd Or`jo`j Sn`tdù evdr-wgdnmdi @ssyro` `t n`st

<`ji tgdsd Mdio`j `nnods ef Aàynej oj tgd

w`r ef `jjogon`toej `bòjst @ssyro` wdrd ànd jew te `hgodvd tgd

idstruhtoej ef tgd Sewdr wgohg gì suhhdssfunny rdsostdi tgd prds-

surd ef Tr`rtu `ji tgd d`rnodr prdssurd ef Mot`jjo adhùsd @ssyro`.

ay tgd tomd wgdj sgd gì te id`n wotg tgd Mdids. gì hd`sdi te

pdrferm gdr gosteroh fujhtoej `s ` m`rhg*

Oj tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury A*H*. ` w`vd ef Dur`so`j Jemìs tgd

Hommdro`js `ji tgdXhytgs

areld evdr tgd jertg-wdstdrj dx-

trdmoty ef tgd Or`jo`j Sn`tdù `ji idshdjidi upej tgd Aàynejoh

`ji Xyro`h wernis. `s tgd Gujs `ji Burk`r`s areld evdr tgd jertg-

d`stdrj dxtrdmoty ef tgd s`md pn`tdù `ji idshdjidi upej tgd

Ojiod Rerni oj tgd foftg `ji soxtg hdjturods ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`*

Ygdrdwotg. tgd hg`nndjbd ef Jemìoh ojv`soej w`s prdsdjtdi oj

Xeutg-Rdstdrj @so` fer tgd forst tomd sojhd tgd ehh`soej wgdj.merd tg`j ` tgeus`jiyd`rs d`rnodr. iurojb tgd pest-XumdrohVenldr-

w`jidrujb. tgd Gylses gì areldj eut ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd `ji

gì swdpt `hress tgd idrdnoht iemòj ef tgd Dmpord ef Xumdr `ji

@llì te sdttnd oj Xyro`.0 Ygos tomd. @ssyro` w`s tgd Xeutg-Rdst

@so`j Sewdr wgesd prepdr t`sl ot w`s te t`ld tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs"

hg`nndjbd up < aut. tgos tomd. @ssyro` fòndi te rosd te tgd ehh`soej

fer tgd forst tomd oj gdr gostery* Rgdtgdr frem ompetdjhd er frem

ompenohy. sgd `nnewdi tgd Jemìs te ròi Xeutg-Rdstdrj @so`

ujhg`stosdi< `ji sgd dvdj djnostdi tgdor sdrvohds `s mdrhdj`rods

te fobgt fer gdr oj gdr Mdio`j `ji Aàynejo`j w`rs* Ygdrday. sgd

rdpuio`tdi tgd fujhtoej wgohg sgd gì mìd gdr ewj fer tgd n`st

fovd hdjturods<`ji tgd Mdids sdozdi tgd eppertujoty tgus effdrdi

te tgdm* Ygdy stdppdi ojte tgd ard`hg< ehhupodi tgd v`h`jt pestef i`jbdr `ji gejeur< dxtdrmoj`tdi er suaiudi er dxpdnndi tgd

Xhytgo`j ojtruidrs< `ji ojgdrotdi. `s tgdor rdw`ri. tgd gdbdmejy

prdvoeusny dxdrhosdi ay @ssyro` evdr Xeutg-Rdstdrj @so`.1 Fer

0 Xdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven*o. pp* 039-4. àevd* Oj tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury A*H*. tgd Xhytgo`js

pdjdtr`tdi te Xyro`. nold tgd Gylses adferd tgdm `ji tgd Yurls `ftdr tgdm< `ji tgdj`md Xhytgepegs. ay wgohg tgd Brddls `ftdrw`ris ljdw tgd Aoanoh`n hoty ef Adtgsgd`j

'tgd meidrj Aòs`j/ oj tgd V`nndy ef Kdzrddn. `ttdsts tg`t `t nd`st ejd Xhytgo`j w`r-a`jimìd ` pdrm`jdjt sdttndmdjt oj S`ndstojd*

1Dxhdpt oj tgd wdstdrj dxtrdmoty<

ef tgd @j`teno`j Sdjojsun`. adyeji tgd Qovdr G`nys.wgdrd tgd neh`n t`sl ef dxtdrmoj`tojb er suaiuojb er dxpdnnojb tgd ojtrusovd Jemìsw`s t`ldj oj g`ji. jet ay tgd Mdids. aut ay tgd Nyio`js; ` neh`n pdepnd wge wdrdujidr tgd ojfnudjhd ef tgd Gdnndjoh `ji jet tgd Aàynejoh er tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej*Ygd neh`n rdspejsd ef Nyio` te tgd hg`nndjbd frem tgd Jemìs wej gdr ` ieuand rdw`ri*Ej tgd n`jiw`ri soid. sgd sg`rdi wotg Mdio`. Aàynejo`. `ji Dbypt tgd iemojoejprdvoeusny dxdrhosdi ay @ssyro` evdr Xeutg-Rdstdrj @so`* Ej tgd sd`w`ri soid. tew`ristgd @dbd`j. sgd ompesdi gdr suzdròjty upej tgd Brddl hoty-st`tds `nejb tgd sdàe`ri.wge gì fòndi te s`vd tgdmsdnvds frem tgd Jemìs `ji tgdodferd ferfdotdi tgdor

penotoh`n ojidpdjidjhd te tgd Sewdr oj tgd gojtdrn`ji wgohg gì pdrfermdi tgd werl ef




@ssyro` w`s ` m`rhg er jetgojb* @s seej `s sgd fòndi te rdspejite tgd hg`nndjbd ef dxtdrj`n prdssurd frem tgd gum`j djvorejmdjt.sgd fdnn< `ji Mdio`. wge gì t`ldj up tgd Xhytgo`j hg`nndjbd. w`s

tgd Sewdr tg`t id`nt @ssyro` gdr id`tg-anew*

Oj tgd Xyro`h Rerni

Rgond tgd ommdio`td hejsdqudjhd ef tgd prdsdjt`toej ef tgd

Xhytgo`j hg`nndjbd w`s tgd rdpn`hdmdjt ef @ssyro` ay Mdio`. `j

untom`td hejsdqudjhd wgohg w`s ef muhg brd`tdr gosteroh`n om-

pert`jhd w`s tgd dvdjtu`n vohtery ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej oj ots

nejb iudn wotg tgd Aàynejoh tgd iudn wgohg gì adbuj oj tgd

dndvdjtg

hdjturyA*H* wotg tgd hennosoej adtwddj

@ssyro``ji @r`m*

@ftdr tgd forst reuji gì addj idhoidi oj f`veur ef tgd AàynejohHovonoz`toej ay tgd vohteroeus @ssyro`j heujtdr-effdjsovd `bòjst

Xyro` oj tgd jojtg `ji dobgtg hdjturods A*H*. tgd strubbnd gì sgoftdi

frem tgd monot`ry te tgd huntur`n pn`jd `ji gì rdsenvdi otsdnf ojte `

hempdtotoej adtwddj tgd twe rov`n hovonoz`toejs fer tgd hejvdrsoej

ef tgd gobgn`jidrs ej tgd @j`teno`j `ji Or`jo`j pn`tdùx* Oj tgos

hempdtotoej. tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej bòjdi `j ojoto`n suhhdss.

wgohg g`s addj mdjtoejdi àevd. oj tgd hejvdrsoej ef Tr`rtu<aut

tgos huntur`n "Aàynejohoz`toej+ ef ejd gobgn`ji heujtry ej tgd

jertg wgohg ioi jet suhhuma te @ssyro`j `rms w`s heujtdr-

a`n`jhdi ay tgd "Xyro`hoz`toej" ef `jetgdr gobgn`ji heujtry ej tgd

d`st wgohg tgd @ssyro`js tdmper`rony suhhddidi oj suakub`tojb<

`ji gdrd. oj Mdio`. tgd @ssyro`js oj `ppnyojb tgdor rutgndss

penohy ef ard`lojb tgdor vohtoms" sporot ay upreetojb tgdm frem

tgdor gemds `ji h`rryojb tgdm `w`y h`ptovd `htu`nny sdrvdi `s

"h`rrodrs" fer tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej wgohg tgdy gì tr`mpndi

ujidr feet*

Rgdj tgd @ssyro`js foj`nny areld tgd rdsost`jhd ef tgd Xyro`h

pdepnds oj tgd n`ttdr g`nf ef tgd dobgtg hdjtury A*H*. tgdy idpertdi

p`rt ef tgd hejqudrdi pepun`toej te "tgd hotods ef tgd Mdids"<+ aut

tgos dxtrdmd `ppnoh`toej ef tgd m`xom "Iovoid `ji rund+ gì `j

ujojtdjidi hejsdqudjhd* Ay tgd ferhoand ojtreiuhtoej ef Xyro`h

idpertdds. tgd Mdids wdrd ojehun`tdi wotg tgd bdrms ef tgd

Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej adferd tgdy wdrd stomun`tdi. ay tgd hg`nndjbd

ef Xhytgo`j prdssurd. te stdp ojte @ssyro`"s pn`hd* @t tgd s`mdtomd. tgd Xhytgo`j hg`nndjbd. wgohg h`nndi eut tgos "Xyro`hozdi"

Mdio`"s djdrbods. areld tgd "Aàynejohozdi" Tr`rtu"s a`hl< `ji

tgus tgd fovdfeni ojtdr`htoej adtwddj Xyro` `ji @ssyro` `ji Mdio`

`ji tgd Xhytgs `ji Tr`rtu werldi tebdtgdr fer tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`-

s`nv`toej fer tgdm* Ygd penotoh`n suakdhtoej ef tgd @so`toh Brddls te Nyio` j`tur`nny

dxpdiotdi tgd huntur`n hejvdrsoej ef tgd Nyio`js te Gdnndjosm* Ojiddi. tgos w`s pdrg`ps

tgd forst ef m`jy ojst`jhds oj wgohg "Br`dho` h`pt` fdrum vohterdm hdpot+* 'Ger`hd;

Dposten`d. Aeel OO. Dp* o. 0* 046*/+ 1 Lojbs xvj* 6 `ji xvuo* j*




toej"s beei* @ftdr tgd f`nn ef @ssyro`. tgd rdmj`jt ef tgd Aàynejoh

Rerni jew b`tgdrdi tebdtgdr ojte "tgd Jde-Aàynejo`j Dmpord"

ef Jàepen`ss`r `ji Jdauhgìjdzz`r feuji otsdnf gdmmdi oj

`ji prdssdi upej ay tgd Xyro`h Rerni ej aetgfn`jls;

jet ejnyfrem tgd rov`n hovonoz`toej"s gemdn`ji oj Xyro` otsdnf aut frem tgd

brd`t jdw iemòj wgohg tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej gì jew `hquordi

fer otsdnf oj Or`j* Frem tgos djhorhnojb mevdmdjt. tgd Aàynejoh

Hovonoz`toej gì je merd hg`jhd ef dsh`pd tg`j `j `jtdnepd g`s

frem tgd teons ef ` ae`-hejstrohter* Ygd hejstrohtoej `ji m`stoh`-

toej ef tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej ay ots vohteroeus rov`n w`s ejny `

m`ttdr eftomd<`ji tgd prehdss w`s hempndtdi adferd tgd adbojjojb

ef tgd Hgrosto`j Dr`*0

Of wd jew turj eur `ttdjtoej te tgd suasdqudjt gostery ef tgd

Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej. wd sg`nn foji eur n`w onnustr`tdi gdrd `bòj*

Ygd djn`rbdi Xyro`hRerniwgohg gì addj areubgt ojte dxostdjhd

ay tgd "Xyro`hoz`toej" ef Or`j rdmòjdi. frem tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury

A*H* ejw`ris. oj iordht hejt`ht wotg tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd< `ji ot

w`s frem tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs tg`t ot hejtojudi te rdhdovd tgd

gd`vodst dxtdrj`n prdssurd* Oj hejsej`jhd wotg tgos. wd foji tg`t.

tgdjhdferw`ri. tgd prom`hy oj tgd Xyro`h Rerni p`ssdi. oj suh-

hdssoej. te tgd pdepnds wge suhhdssovdny teel evdr tgd auridj ef

lddpojb tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs `t a`y. `ji te tgd rdboejs wgohg

suhhdssovdny sdrvdi `s `jto-Jemì m`rhgds* Ygd Mdio`j gdbd-

mejy. fer dx`mpnd. n`stdi kust se nejb `s tgd Mdids gdni tgd frejt

nojd oj tgd idfdjsovd w`rf`rd `bòjst Jemì `bbrdssoej* Ygd gdbd-

mejy w`s ferfdotdi ay tgd Mdids te tgd Sdrso`js adhùsd tgd projhdsef Sdrsos gì suhhddidi oj sj`thgojb frem tgdor Mdio`j jdobgaeurstgd w`ridjsgop ef tgd Dur`so`j M`rhgds `ji tgdrday rdndb`tojb

Mdio` te `j ujdxpesdi `ji ujstomun`tojb pesotoej oj tgd ojtdroer

ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni* Ygd Mdids gì addj hejtdjt te a`r tgd

p`ss`bd ef tgd Jemìs `t ots j`rrewdst peojt. wgdrd tgd Dnaruz

Q`jbd ej ejd soid `ji tgd Hdjtr`n Idsdrt ef Or`j ej tgd etgdr

soid a`rdny nd`vd epdj. adtwddj tgdm. tgd H`spo`j B`tds"* Ygd@hg`dmdjoi`d m`sldi tgos Mdio`j frejt nojd. `ji rdiddmdi frem

Jemì ehhup`toej ` v`st ìiotoej`n zejd ef Or`jo`j tdrrotery. ay

dxtdjiojb tgdor ewj iemojoejs jertg-d`stw`ris frem tgdor gemd

tdrrotery ef Sdrsos robgt up te tgd nojd ef tgd Exus < `ji ot w`s tgdor

dxp`jsoej oj tgos iordhtoej tg`t mìd tgdor fertujd ay puttojbtgdm oj ` pesotoej te supdrsdid tgd Mdids `s tgd Mdids gì supdr-sdidi tgd @ssyro`js*

1

+ Fer tgd `ttr`htoej ef Or`j ojte tgd eraot ef tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej. `ji tgd àserp-toej ef tgd idì aeiy ef tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej ojte tgd Xyj`h Hovonoz`toej"s novojbtossuds. sdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 2?-70. àevd*

1 Ot m`y ad jetdi tg`t tgd Nyio`js `s wdnn `s tgd Mdids suhhumadi te tgd @hg`dmdjo-i`d. `ji tg`t Nyio`. nold Mdio`. gì prdvoeusny addj "rdndb`tdi te tgd ojtdroer" ay tgd@hg`dmdmis+ `ssumptoej ef tgd w`ridjsgop ef tgd Dur`so`j m`rhgds*




Ygos @hg`dmdjo`j djtdrprosd oj tgd jertg-d`st. wgohg w`s tgd

prdnomoj`ry te tgd evdrtgrew ef tgd Mdio`j @sty`bds `ji te tgd

feuji`toej ef ` Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td oj tgd ferm ef`j @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord. wdjt `nmest ujm`rldi `mejb Gdnndjoh easdrvdrs. wgesdvosoej ioi jet ydt dxtdji te suhg iost`jt gerozejs* _dt tgd `hquoso-toej ef A`htro` w`s ` merd ompert`jt stdp oj tgd rosd ef tgd @hg`d-

mdjo`j Sewdr tg`j tgd `hquosotoej ef Dn`m< `ji ot w`s jet fer

jetgojb tg`t Hyrus mdt gos id`tg oj fobgtojb tgdJemì M`ss`bdt`d

adyeji tgd K`x`rtds*0 Tjidr Hyrus"s suhhdssers. tgd @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord gdni `bòjst tgd Jemìs. wotg ` strejb g`ji. dvdry e`sos

tg`t heuni ad hrd`tdi ay orrob`toej `nejb tgd heursds ef tgesd rovdrs

Gdro Qui `jiMurbgà.

Exus `jiK`x`rtds

wgohg fnew eut

frem tgd jertgdrj feet ef tgd Or`jo`j Sn`tdù `ji frem tgd wdstdrj

feet ef tgd S`mors te rd`hg tgd H`spo`j er tgd Xd` ef @r`n er dnsd

te nesd tgdmsdnvds oj tgd idsdrt* Rd m`y hejkdhturd tg`t tgd

prdssurd ef tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs upej tgos Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td `nw`ys wdobgdi merd gd`vony ej tgd

mojis ef @hg`dmdjo`j st`tdsmdj tg`j tgd prdssurd ef tgd Gdnndjds

upej tgd eppesotd dxtrdmoty ef tgdor iemojoejs `ji tgos dvdj

iurojb tgd @tgdjo`j heujtdr-effdjsovd tg`t w`s ldpt up ojtdr-

mottdjtny fer tgorty yd`rs `ftdr tgd fònurd ef Wdrxds" dxpdiotoej

`bòjst Brddhd* Ot w`s `ssurdiny jet ujton @ndx`jidr gì hressdi

tgd I`ri`jdnnds. `ji pdrg`ps jet ujton gd gì hressdi tgd Dupgr`tds.tg`t tgd Gdnndjoh pdron adh`md ` brd`tdr `jxodty tg`j tgd Jemì

pdron te tgd n`st I`rous*

Merdevdr. @ndx`jidr"s ewj dxpdrodjhd oj tgdprehdss efhejqudr-

ojb tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord ojioh`tds tg`t. gdrd `s dnsdwgdrd. tgd

m`rhg wgohg w`s dxpesdi te tgd gd`vodst dxtdrj`n prdssurd gì

addj stomun`tdi ojte ` brd`tdr vot`noty tg`j `jy etgdr rdboej* Ot

teel @ndx`jidr jet merd tg`j fovd yd`rs te hejqudr eutrobgt. wotg-

eut p`rndy er hempremosd. tgd v`st m`ss ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j

iemojoejs. frem tgd I`ri`jdnnds `ji tgd Noay`j e`sds up te "tgd

H`spo`j B`tds". wgdrd tgd Mdids gì g`ntdi oj tgdor pursuot ef tgd

reutdi Xhytgs `ji wgdrd @ndx`jidr evdrteel tgd iyojb I`rous*

Sdrsos otsdnf tgd gemd tdrrotery ef tgd ompdro`n iyj`sty `ji tgd

j`tovd n`ji ef tgd ompdro`n pdepnd quodtny `hhdptdi tgd vdrioht

ef tgd A`ttnd ef @radn`. jetwotgst`jiojb tgd stomunus wgohg tgdSdrso`js g`vojb "dndhtdi te novd `s `j ompdro`n pdepnd oj ` reubg

heujtry r`tgdr tg`j te huntov`td tgd newn`jis `s semd etgdr j`toej"s

0 Xdd tgd pohturdsqud `hheujt ef Hyrus"s n`st h`mpòbj oj Gdreietus. Aeel O. hgs*

131-04* Gdreietus"s `hhur`td ljewndibd ef bdebr`pgy ioi jet dxtdji muhg f`rtgdr

d`stw`ris tg`j ` nojd ir`wj frem Yrdaozeji te Xus` 'o*d* ` nojd reubgny heojhoidjt wotg

tgd prdsdjt d`stdrj frejtodrs ef Yurldy `ji "Or`q/< `ji gos "Qovdr @r`xds+ ej tgd

hressojb ef wgohg gos stery turjs `ppd`rs te ad ` hejfn`toej ef tgd `htu`n rovdr. stonn

ad`rojb tg`t j`md. wgohg fnews frem @rmdjo` tgreubg @zdraòk`j ojte tgd H`spo`j.

wotg tgd `htu`n Exus `ji K`x`rtds. ojte ` sojbnd mobgty `ji fàuneus strd`m*




sn`vds"0 gì jdvdr hd`sdi te idrovd frem tgdor pgysoh`n djvorej-

mdjt* Jdvdrtgdndss. oj tgos ojst`jhd. tgd pgysoh`n stomunus ef `

reubg heujtry upej tgd Sdrso`js sgewdi otsdnf ndss petdjt tg`j tgd

gum`j stomunus ef Jemì prdssurd upej tgdor lojsmdj oj tgdjertg-d`stdrj m`rhgds< fer. wgdrd`s ot gì t`ldj @ndx`jidr je

merd tg`j fovd yd`rs te hejqudr tgd ojtdroer ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord up te "tgd H`spo`j B`tds". ot teel gom twe wgend yd`rs

merd te hempndtd gos t`sl ay hejqudrojb tgd m`rhgds oj tgd Exus-

K`x`rtds A`soj*

@s seej `s @ndx`jidr p`ssdi adyeji tgd H`spo`j B`tds. gd

dxpdrodjhdi `j djtord hg`jbd oj tgd j`turd ef tgd rdsost`jhd wgohg

gd djheujtdrdi*

Tpte tg`t

peojt.gd gì sdhurdi tgd suamossoej

ef v`st prevojhds `t tgd prohd ef ` fdw pothgdi a`ttnds `bòjst

gdtdrebdjdeus ompdro`n fodni `rmods wgohg sgewdi nottnd djtguso`sm

fer idfdjiojb tdrroterods wgdrd tgdy fdnt tgdmsdnvds g`riny merd `t

gemd tg`j tgd ojvìdr* Tpej sdttojb feet. gewdvdr. oj tgd Exus-

K`x`rtds A`soj `ftdr tgd n`st ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j `rmods gì addj

sh`ttdrdi te tgd wojis. tgd M`hdiejo`j hejqudrer mdt wotg ` spej-

t`jdeus rdsost`jhd frem ` fdui`n `rostehr`hy wotg neh`n reets* Ygd

aeridr a`rejs ef A`htro` `ji Xebio`j` idfdjidi tgdmsdnvds `bòjst

tgd M`hdiejo`js `s tgdy wdrd `hhustemdi te idfdji tgdmsdnvds

`bòjst tgd M`ss`bdt`d* Ygdor rdsost`jhd w`s jet ejny spejt`jdeus

aut djdrbdtoh `ji pretr`htdi* Dvdry h`stnd steei ` sodbd< `ji dvdj

wgdj ` a`rej gì addj areubgt te gos ljdds gd resd oj rdvent `bòj

tgd memdjt tgd hejqudrer"s a`hl w`s turjdi* @t tgd dji ef twe

strdjueus h`mpòbjs. @ndx`jidr gì te woj tgd `nndbo`jhd wgohg

ferhd heuni jet dx`ht ay ` penohy ef hejhono`toej*

Ygus. iurojb tgd twe hdjturods tg`t gì dn`psdi adtwddj tgd i`y

wgdj Hyrus mdt gos id`tg `t tgd g`jis ef tgd M`ss`bdt`d ej tgd f`r

soid ef tgd K`x`rtds `ji tgd i`y wgdj @ndx`jidr b`vd tgd Jemìs` ndssej ay aema`riojb tgdm wotg gos h`t`punts wotgeut hressojb

tgd frejtodr rovdr. tgd vot`noty ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td wgohg

w`s dmaeiodi oj tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord gì hemd te ad hejhdj-

tr`tdi oj tgdsd jertg-d`stdrj m`rhgds. wgdrd tgd Xyro`h Rerni

w`s dxpesdi te tgd sdvdrdst dxtdrj`n prdssurd* Ot os rdm`rlànd te

foji tgos pgdjemdjej rd`ppd`rojb wgdj tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td.

wgohg gì addj prdm`turdny hut sgert ay tgd idstruhtoej ef tgd@hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord tgreubg @ndx`jidr"s `htoej. w`s rdojtdbr`tdi`ji rdsumdi. `ftdr ` Gdnndjoh ojtrusoej wgohg gì n`stdi `tgeus`ji

yd`rs. oj tgd "@aa`soi H`nopg`td*1

Ygeubg tgdh

@aa`soih`pot`n w`s foxdi. ej hejsoidr`toejs ef bde-

0 Xdd tgd p`ss`bd quetdi frem Gdreietus oj OO* I fo/. ej p* 80. àevd*1 Fer tgd gosteroh`n rdn`toej adtwddj tgd "@aa`soi H`nopg`td `ji tgd @hg`dmdjo`j

Dmpord. sdd O* H 'o/ '6/. ven* o. pp* 28-7. àevd*




br`pgoh`n `ji ìmojostr`tovd hejvdjodjhd. `t A`bgiì.0 oj tgd

`jhodjt gemdn`ji ef tgd Aàynejoh Hovonoz`toej wgohg gì nejbsojhd addj àseradi ojte tgd Xyro`h Rerni. tgd penotoh`n `ji monot`ry

mevdmdjt wgohg hempndtdi tgd rd-dstànosgmdjt ef tgd Xyro`hujovdrs`n st`td ay sdttojb up tgd "@aa`sois oj tgd pn`hd ef tgd

Tm`yyìs eroboj`tdi oj Lgur`s`j; tgd prevojhd nyojb adtwddj

"tgd H`spo`j B`tds" `ji tgd Murbgà. wgohg w`s tgd jertg-d`stdrj

m`rhg ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni oj tg`t `bd*1 Ygd stomunus wgohg

jdrvdi @au Musnom `ji gos Lgur`s`jos te evdrtgrew tgd Tm`y-yìs w`s tgd sdnfs`md stomunus tg`t. oj d`rnodr `bds ef Xyro`h

gostery. gì jdrvdi Hyrus `ji gos F`rsos te evdrtgrew@sty`bds `ji

tgd

Mdids.`ji gì jdrvdi tgd iogl`js ef A`nlg `ji

Xubgite

md`surd tgdmsdnvds `bòjst tgd ojvojhoand Osl`ji`r Igu"n-P`rj`yj*Ygd hg`nndjbd ef prdssurd frem tgd Jemìs ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppdw`s `s stomun`tojb te tgd n`ttdr-i`y Xyro`h frejtodrsmdj wge wdrd

hejfrejtdi ay tgd Dpgtg`notds `ji tgd Yurls `ji tgd Yoorbdsg `s

ot gì addj te tgdor prdidhdssers wge gì gì te id`n wotg tgd

Xhytgs `ji tgd M`ss`bdt`d< `ji tgd Lgur`s`jos" gosteroh fd`t ef

rd-dstànosgojb tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td oj @*I* 240 w`s ndi up te.

iurojb tgd yd`rs 234-90. ay tgd merd `riueus. of ndss memdjteus.fd`t ef rdojherper`tojb tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj ojte tgd Xyro`h

Rerni `ftdr ` sdp`r`toej tg`t gì n`stdi semd dobgt er jojd

hdjturods*8

0 Ygd "@aa`sois foxdi tgdor h`pot`n `t A`bgiì ej tgd s`md hejsoidr`toejs tg`t gìejhd ndi tgd @hg`dmdjois te geni tgdor heurt `t Aàynej fer feur mejtgs oj tgd yd`r

'Gdreietus. Aeel O. hg* 0?1/* Ot n`y oj tgdmest rdmujdr`tovd prevojhd oj tgdor iemojoejs`ji `t tgd moi-peojt adtwddj tgd Xyro`j `ji tgd Or`jo`j g`nf ef tgd Dmpord*

z Ygd idstruhtoej ef tgd @hg`dmdm`j Dmpord gì addj fennewdi. wotgoj twe hdj-

turods. ay tgd suamdrbdjhd ef tgd fermdr Jerm-D`stdrj M`rhgds oj tgd Exus-K`x`rtdsA`soj ujidr ` fneei efJemì ojv`soej< fer tgd Xdnduhoi Dmpord. wgohg w`s tgd Gdnndjoh

"suhhdsser-st`td+ ef tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord oj @so`. w`s tee dx`htojbny prdehhupodiay tgd t`sl ef geniojb ots ewj `bòjst rov`n Gdnndjoh Sewdrs oj tgd Ndv`jt te ioshg`rbd

dffohodjtny tgesd rdspejsoaonotods ej tgd iost`jt aeridrs ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd wgohg ot

gì ojgdrotdi frem ots @hg`dmdjo`j prdidhdsser* 'Xdd pp* 0989. adnew*/ Ygus. fremtgd n`ttdr p`rt ef tgd sdheji hdjtury A*H* te tgd adbojjojb ef tgd dobgtg hdjtury ef tgd

Hgrosto`j Dr`. tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj gì addj nest te tgd Xyro`h Rerni `ji gì addj

novojb ` sdp`r`td nofd ef ots ewj ujidr tgd iemojoej ef suhhdssovd Jemì ojtruidrs

M`ss`bdt`d '= X`l`s/ `ji _udhgo `ji Dpgtg`gtds `ji Yurls* Tjidr tgos iospdjs`toej.tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj gì eftdj addj oj hnesdr rdn toejs wotg Ojio` tg`j wotg* Or`j<

`ji oj tgdsd hejiotoejs ot gì idvdnepdi symptems ef ` iostojhtovd seho`n ojiovoiu`noty

wgohg premosdi. fer ` tomd. te t`ld idfojotd sg`pd oj tgd bdjdsos ef ` jdw "F`r D`stdrj

Hgrosto`j+ Hovonoz`toej* 'Xdd OO* I 'voo/. pp* 86?-74. adnew*/ Iurojb tgos nejb sdhdssoej* *v- - & + * +

** -o`h Rerni. Y

"

`ji dstr`jbdmdjt ef tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj frem tgd Xyro`h Rerni. tgd rend ef `jto-

Jemì m`rhg idvenvdi upej tgd prevojhd ef Lgur`s`j. wgohg w`s s`vdi fer tgd Xyro`hRerni ay tgd @rs`hoi pjjhd Motgrì`tds tgd Brd`t 'rdbjà`t 018-77 A*H*/ `ftdr ` strubbnd

adtwddj tgd @rs`hoi Sewdr `ji tgd ojvìojb X`l`s er M`ss`bdt`d wgohg gì n`stdi fer

jd`rny g`nf ` hdjtury*8 Lgur`s`j tgd frejtodr prevojhd evdr `bòjst tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs wgohg tgd

Tm`yyìs teel evdr frem tgd X`s`m`j suhhdssers ef tgd @rs`hoi`d w`s tgd a`sd ef

epdr`toejs frem wgohg. ujidr tgd Tm`yyì rdbomd. tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj w`s

dvdjtu`nny rdojherper`tdi ojte tgd Xyro`h Rerni. ay ferhd ef `rms. oj @*I* 234-90* 'Xdd

Boaa. G* @* Q*; Ygd @rà Hejqudsts oj Hdjtr`n @so` 'Nejiej 0?18. Qey`n @so`toh

Xehodty/*/ Ygd werl w`s `hhempnosgdi ay tgd hemaojdi dfferts ef @rà b`rrosejs wgohg

gì addj h`jtejdi oj Lgur`s`j `ftdr tgd @rà hejqudst ef tgd X`s`m`j Dmpord. g`nf

` hdjtury adferd. `ji neh`n ndvods wgohg wdrd ròsdi. ay tgd @rà ùtgerotods. frem tgd




Ygdrday. tgd Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni. evdr

`bòjst tgd Jemìs ef Dur`so`. wdrd rdsterdi. ej tgd dvd ef tgd

rdojtdbr`toej ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td ujidr tgdh

@aa`sois. te

tgd nomots up te wgohg tgdy gì addj h`rrodi eroboj`nny ej tgd dvdef tgd forst dstànosgmdjt ef tgd ujovdrs`n st`td ujidr tgd @hg`d-

mdjois* @ji tgdrd`ftdr gostery rdpd`tdi otsdnf ydt `bòj <fer ujidr

tgd "@aa`soi. `s ujidr tgd @hg`dmdjoi. rdbomd tgd vot`noty ef tgd

Dmpord hejhdjtr`tdi otsdnf oj tgd Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds `s ot

daadi `w`y frem tgd ojtdroer* Ygos adh`md `pp`rdjt `t tgd ard`l-

up ef tgd "@aa`soi H`nopg`td. `s ot gì adhemd `pp`rdjt. ejhd

adferd. `t tgd idstruhtoej eftgd @hg`dmdjo`jDmpord ay @ndx`jidr <

fer tgd mestpewdrfun

`ji dffdhtovd `jiseho`nny

adjdfohdjt ef tgd

H`nopg`td"s "suhhdsser-st`tds" `resd ejd `ftdr `jetgdr oj tgos rdboej*

Ygd X`m`joi rdbomd `t A`nlg `ji Aulg`r` '@*I* 70?-???/ festdrdi

Sdrso`j notdr`turd oj ots ojf`jhy `ji `hhempnosgdi semdtgojb wgohg

tgd H`nopg`td gì jdvdr `hgodvdi oj prep`b`tojb Osn`m `mejb tgd

Jemìs ef tgd Xtdppd <+ `ji ot w`s ejny `s hejvdrts tg`t ot suffdrdi

tgdm `t n`st te trdsp`ss frem tgd idsdrt ej te tgd sewj* Ygdrd`ftdr.

ejd gerid ef tgdsd trdsp`ssdrs. tgd X`nkuqs. wgdj tgdy gì pdjd-tr`tdi te A`bgiì oj eridr te rdshud tgd "@aa`soi H`nopgs frem tgd

tyr`jjy ef tgd sdht`ro`j Auw`ygois. turjdi a`hl te suppn`jt tgdor

fdnnew-hejvdrts. tgd Ondl Lg`js. `s w`ridjs ef tgd Jertg-D`stdrj

M`rhgds `bòjst tgdor ujhejvdrtdi Jemìoh lojsmdj wge stonn

rdmòjdi ej tgd Xtdppd* Tjidr tgos X`nkuq rdbomd `t Mdrv '@*I*

037?-0090/ tgd frejtodr ef I`r-`n-Osn`m w`s ejhd merd bu`ridi `s

fòtgfunny `s ot gì addj bu`ridi ay tgd X`m`jois <`ji dvdj tgd

Xg`gs ef Lgw`rozm. wge forst resd te pewdr ay adtr`yojb tgdor

rdnoboej `ji `nndbo`jhd wgdj tgdy keojdi ferhds 'oj @*I* 0090/ wotg

tgd p`b`j Jemì P`r` Pot`ys oj eridr te dxpdn tgd X`nkuq Xunt`j

X`jk`r frem tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj. dvdjtu`nny rdiddmdi tgdor

gejeur wgdj 'frem @*I* 0113 te 0180/ tgdy aerd tgd arujt ef tgd

Mejben `v`n`jhgd wgohg foj`nny evdrwgdnmdi I`r-`n-Osn`m oj tgd

n`st hejvunsoej ef tgd pest-Xyro`h Venldrw`jidrujb*1

ojiobdjeus Or`jo`j Lgur`s`jos* Ot os jetdwertgy tg`t ot w`s gdrd. oj tgd Jertg-D`stdrj

M`rhgds. ujidr tgd ferm`tovd ojfnudjhd ef ` hemmej prdssurd frem adyeji tgd frejtodr.tg`t tgd v`jquosgdi Or`jo`js `ji tgd vohteroeus @ràs forst fr`tdrjozdi wotg ejd `jetgdr*

@ji ot w`s tgos @rà-Or`jo`j frejtodr-ferhd tg`t hempndtdi tgd rd-dstànosgmdjt ef tgd

Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td. ay puttojb iewj tgd Tm`yyìs `ji sdttojb up tgdh

@aa`sois. tdjyd`rs `ftdr ot gì prevdi ots mdttnd `ji `hquordi ots dsprot id herps ay hempndtojb tgd

rd-hejqudst ef Yr`jsex`jo` ej tgd Xyro`h Xehodty"s `hheujt*0 Ygd X`nkuqs. wge `t tg`t tomd wdrd r`jbojb evdr tgd stdppd-heujtry oj tgd Exus-

K`x`rtds A`soj. wdrd hejvdrtdi àeut @*I* ?46< tgd fennewdrs ef tgd Ondl Lg`js. wgewdrd r`jbojb evdr tgd stdppds ìkeojojb tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj ej tgd jertg-d`st. oj

tgd b`p adtwddj tgd Yodj Xg`j `ji tgd @ntò Meujtòjs 'oj tgd feurtddjtg-hdjtury"Mubg`nost`j" `ji tgd meidrj "[ujb`ro`"/. wdrd hejvdrtdi àeut @*I ?63*

1 Oj @*I* 013?%0103. tdj yd`rs adferd tgd Mejben `v`n`jhgd idshdjidi upej tgdm.tgd Lgw`rozm Xg`gs gì p`rto`nny heujtdr`htdi tgd dffdhts ef tgdor eroboj`n `ht ef

trd`hgdry `bòjst tgd X`nkuqs ay somon`rny adtr`yojb tgd P`r` Pot`ys* Ygdy p`rtotoejditgd iemojoejs ef tgd P`r` Pot`ys oj hejkujhtoej wotg Busgnul tgd Jòm`j. `jetgdr




Ygus. evdr tgd heursd ef semd jojdtddj hdjturods ef Xyro`h gos-

tery. frem tgd sdvdjtg hdjtury A*H* te tgd tgortddjtg hdjtury ef tgd

Hgrosto`j Dr`. wd h`j easdrvd ejd hejst`jt pgdjemdjej* Rd foji

tgdprdssurd frem tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs jerm`nny dxhddiojb oj

sdvdroty tgd prdssurds frem etgdr jdobgaeurs ef tgd Xyro`h Rerni.`ji hejhurrdjtny wd foji tgd Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds. upej wgohg

tgd arujt ef tgos prdssurd fdnn. jerm`nny surp`ssojb oj vot`noty `nn

tgd etgdr m`rhgds `s wdnn `s tgd ojtdroer*

Ygd dxhdptoej wgohg prevds tgd rund os tgd sotu`toej wgohg prd-

vòndi. fer semd twe hdjturods eut ef tgdsd jojdtddj. ujidr tgd

Xdnduhoi Dmpord. wgohg w`s tgd @hg`dmdjo`j Dmpord"s Gdnndjoh

"suhhdsser-st`td" oj @so`* 0 Tjidr tgd Xdnduhoirdbomd.

`s ujidr

tgd @hg`dmdjoi `ji tgdh

@aa`soi. vot`noty `ji pewdr tdjidi te

p`ss frem tgd ojtdroer ef tgd Dmpord te tgd pdropgdry <aut wgdrd`s

tgdy p`ssdi ujidr tgd @hg`dmdjois frem Sdrsdpenos `ji Xus` `ji

Aàynej `ji Dha`t`j` te A`htro` `ji Xebio`j`. `ji ujidr tgd

"@aa`sois frem A`bgiì te Lgur`s`j `ji te Yr`jsex`jo`. tgdyfnewdi eut. ujidr tgd Xdnduhois. oj tgd io`mdtroh`nny eppesotdiordhtoej ; tg`t os. frem Xdnduho`-ej-Yobros jet te "@ndx`jiro` ej

tgd Vdrbd" ef tgd Dur`so`j Xtdppd aut te @jtoehg-ej-Erejtds*

Ygos br`vot`toej ef tgd Xdnduhoi h`pot`n te ` sotd wgohg n`y `nmest oj

vodw ef tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j ojioh`tdi tg`t tgd Xdnduhoi st`tdsmdj.

ujnold tgdor @hg`dmdjoi prdidhdssers. fdnt tgd prdssurd frem tgd

Gdnndjoh Rerni merd `hutdny tg`j tgd prdssurd frem tgd Dur`so`j

Jemìs* Ygd euthemd. gewdvdr. w`s te prevd tg`t tgd Xdnduhois"

penohy w`s onn-ìvosdi `ji tgd sotd ef @jtoehg dhhdjtroh< fer. jet-

wotgst`jiojb tgd hndvdr neh`toej ef @jtoehg `tgw`rt tgd sgertdst

pert`bd adtwddj tgd Mdiotdrr`jd`j `ji tgd Dupgr`tds. tgd tr`js-

fdr ef tgd h`pot`n frem Xdnduho` te @jtoehg hest tgd Xdnduhoi`d tgdor

Dmpord `ji tgd Xyro`h Rerni ots Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds* Ygd

forst hejsdqudjhd w`s tg`t tgd Brddl b`rrosejs oj tgd Exus-K`x`rtds

A`soj. fojiojb tgdmsdnvds ndft te tgdor ewj rdseurhds. sdhdidi frem

tgd Xdnduhoi Dmpord `ji hejstotutdi tgdmsdnvds ojte `j ojidpdj-

idjt Sewdr; tgd Gdnndjoh Lojbiem ef A`htro`* Ygd sdheji hejsd-

qudjhd w`s tg`t tgos Gdnndjoh A`htro`. wgohg gì rdspejidi wotg

suhg sporot te tgd hg`nndjbd ef idsdrtoej ay rdsertojb te sdnf-gdnp.

feuji gdrsdnf ujdqu`n oj tgd nejb ruj te tgd t`sl ef geniojb tgd

p`b`j Jemì Sewdr. wge teel tgd P`r` Pot`ys oj tgd rd`r* Oj tgos ujgdreoh m`jjdr.tgd wgend ef tgd Exus-K`x`rtds A`soj w`s memdjt`rony rdhevdrdi `bòj fer I`r-`n-

Osn`m< aut rdtroautoej quohlny evdrteel tgd speondrs* Ygd Jòm`j `ji tgd Lgw`rozmXg`g wdrd evdrwgdnmdi oj turj ay tgd Mejben Hgojbos Lg`j< `ji ot w`s oj rdspejsdte tgos tdrrofoh Mejben hg`nndjbd tg`t tgd n`st ef tgd Lgw`rozm Xg`gs. K`n`n-ì-Ioj

M`jleaorjO. rdiddmdi tgd trd`hgdrods ef gos `jhdsters ay tgd gdreoh rd`r-bu`ri `htoej

oj wgohg gd hevdrdi tgd ojtdroer ef I`r-`n-Osn`m frem Mejben `ssùnt `ji a`ttdry fer `

wgend idhìd `ftdr tgd Mejbens gì evdrruj gos ewj gemd-tdrroterods ej tgd a`jls ef

tgd Newdr Exus*0 Xdd tgd sdheji feetjetd ej p* 090. àevd. `ji. furtgdr. S`rt VO. adnew*




Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds `bòjst tgd Jemìs wotgeut suppert frem

tgd ojtdroer* Oj tgd sdheji hdjtury A*H*. A`htro` suhhumadi te `

Jemì ojv`soej <+`ji tgd breuji tgdj nest te tgd Jemìs ay tgd

Brddls w`s ejny rdhevdrdi frem tgd Jemìs ay tgd @ràs semddobgt er jojd hdjturods n`tdr*

1

Oj tgd Orejoh Rerni evdr `bòjst Dur`so`

Ygd Jertg-D`stdrj M`rhgds evdr `bòjst tgd Dur`so`j Jemìs.

wgohg wdrd tgus rdojherper`tdi ojte tgd Xyro`h Rerni ej tgd dvd ef

tgd rdojtdbr`toej ef tgd Xyro`h ujovdrs`n st`td. `ji wgohg pn`ydi `

p`rt ef stdìony ojhrd`sojb ompert`jhd ujidr tgdh

@aa`soi rdbomd.8

preiuhdi tgdor gosteroh seho`n dffdht ejhd merd oj tgd forst `bd eftgd Or`joh Hovonoz`toej. "`ffono`tdi" te tgd Xyro`h Hovonoz`toej. wgohg

dmdrbdi. `ftdr tgd ojtdrrdbjum fennewojb tgd ard`l-up ef tgd "@a-

a`soi H`nopg`td. wgdj tgd w`tdrs ef tgd Mejben h`t`hnysm adb`jte suasoid*

Rd h`j ioshdrj tgos dffdht oj tgd iovdrsoty adtwddj tgd rdspdhtovd

gosteroh`n rends ef tgd twe Mejben "suhhdsser-st`tds" wgohg wdrd

idpesotdi gdrd ejd oj tgd aeridrn`ji `ji tgd etgdr oj tgd ojtdroer*

@s adtwddj tgdsd twe`pp`j`bds

ef tgd

Mejben Dmpordoj I`r-`n-

Osn`m. jetgojb h`md ef tgd projhop`noty ef tgd Geusd ef Gun`bu.tgd se-h`nndi On-Lg`js. oj Or`j `ji Or`q* "Ygd nojds" wdrd "f`nndj

ujte" tgdsd a`ra`ro`js "oj pnd`s`jt pn`hds < yd`". tgdy gì "` beeiny

gdrot`bd"*9 @ji ydt. "`s tgd hneui os hejsumdi `ji v`josgdtg `w`y".

se tgd On-Lg`js wdjt iewj te tgd br`vd `ji h`md up je merd* 4

A Study of History : Volume 2 (Arnold J. Toynbee)

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