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A Speculative Derivation of Gravity from Charge

Using an Arrow of Time

Copyright © SR. Bowman June 2008

sr.bowman@yahoo.co.uk 

Abstract:

Gravity may be found by analysing dynamics of charge-transfer within the atom, by employing an

“arrow of time” in the context of a pressurised ether model. The method is mechanistic and

conservative and is an independent route to the model derived by Lew Price [1].

While exploring a modified ether model in a 3D Universe the author saw an arrow of time: Let

spacial volume be quantised. Let each quanta be pressurised. Let the P.V product of quanta define

constant energy (conserved as the Universe expands: P drops, V increases). Quanta expand, at a rate

set by inner / outer pressure differentials.

Expanding 3D quanta draw a virtual 4th D (a tesseract) manifested at a 3D size, moving old => new

sizes sequentially, ever in the expanding direction i.e. from “the past” via an instantaneous “now” to

“the future”. Time is here taken as a virtual dimension, driven by the dynamics of expansion.

Environmental vs. internal pressure differences set the rate of expansion, thus local tempo.

Let particles have fast-moving “spin-walls” of quanta, forming relativistic boundaries about

 particles. Let massy particles e.g. protons contain very many quanta, with a deficit or zero in

electrons. The spin-walls are assumed to move “as fast as possible” and suffer relativistic effects;

thus they are analogous to event horizons. So, is there an analogue of Hawking radiation? If “yes”

then particles must “leak”. Let protons exhale quanta, electrons inhale. Implicitly, protons hold

samples of the early (un-expanded) Universe i.e. hold quanta with PV(hi, lo) // read as: P is high.

That positive => negative flow of “ether” map to Maxwell's displacement current was known early,

 yet discarded by Maxwell's team. Being unfamiliar with such mechanisms as information hiding byevent horizons and Hawking radiation, in September 1878 FitzGerald deemed the exhale / inhale

events impossible [2]. For this paper: let quanta flows be “charge” and maps of flow pressure “the

electric field”.

The author found that curved spacetime and movement matching +g and -g can be derived.

For +g Attractive Gravity:

Consider a Hydrogen atom. The following is observed:

1. An electron “inhales / eats” a spacial quanta. There is an immediate local volume loss of V.

2. Exterior spacial quanta move (recess) towards the atom, to occupy the volume shortfall.

3. The proton emits a quanta Q; this is “young” i.e. has PV(hi, lo) so immediately begins expansion.

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4. During the expansion of the quanta Q, process (2) continues to replace missing volume.

5. The emitted quanta Q consumes the missing volume V': the original, less spacial inflow

replacement (2) - yet Q is still PV(hi, lo) vs. local average; Q is overpressurised w.r.t. local quanta.

6. The absent volume V' is replaced but Q has excess pressure, so attempts to expand,

“overpressuring” the region, retarding the usual local quanta growth / tempo. Tempo thus “time”

slows about the atom.

The space about the atom is now populated with slowed-tempo quanta - which expand less quickly

so are “smaller”, setting dimensional scale as per “curved space”. This is a dynamic process. Space

flows to the atom (2) and tempo slows (6). Both effects diminish by inverse square and nearly

 balance. The author notes that as the Universe ages, effects (2+4) become extended. If this is

gravity, it becomes stronger over long ages.

+g gravity is a 2-part dynamic. Space flows into mass, suffering a retardation of time due to local

overpressurisation. A watch adrift in space by a planet “falls” to the planet, carried by the flow of 

space aka recession. The watch tick-tempo slows as spacial pressure rises. Per experienced

(extending) tick the watch moves a greater distance i.e. it suffers acceleration. Gravity is here seenas a cloud or fog of “spent charge”, forming a giant graduated sphere about mass akin to a macro-

scale standing wave. No carrier other then space is needed. Gravity has no specific “speed”.

The author notes the model has arrived at a similar 2-part dynamic conclusion as Lew Price [1]

For -g Repulsive Gravity:

Consider two watches separated by a set of quanta Q s in deep space, uniformly surrounded at great

distance by scattered large masses e.g. galaxies. The to-mass recession (2) caused by the remote

masses is now expansive, promoting Q s expansion / tempo. The watches move apart and run “fast”.

 Note: such raised local tempo is here termed “Time Distension”, the inverse of Time Dilation.

The ZGV Model

The model (further developed then here presented) is called ZGV for “Zepto Gauge Variance”, as it

is thought that quanta expand in the region of 1 part in 10^21 per second. Other gauge operations

(rotation and translation) remain invariant; ZGV refers to dimensional scale. ZGV's expanding form

of quantised space are called “motes”.

ZGV addresses many issues e.g. how gravity leaves a Black Hole when light cannot; why present

designs of gravity wave detectors - detect nothing. ZGV is useful in other areas e.g. duplicates theAllais Pendulum effect, also predicting a local tempo retardation to occur. This may be tested.

Further papers on ZGV are in preparation.

References

[1] Lew Price and Mart Gibson - a two-part gravity of “flow and funnelling”. See “Behind Light's

Illusion” 2nd edition, Book Two - Gravity ISBN 0917578244 [www.lewpaxtonprice.us/bli2.htm]

[2] FitzGerald's view: “...this required a continual creation and annihilation of ether that was clearly

impossible if it was to be regarded as a real substance”. See “The Maxwellians” page 17 by Bruce J.Hunt, pub. Cornell Paperbacks ISBN 0-8014-8234-8