A Short-Title Calendar of the Papers of Archbishop Thomas William Croke in Archbishop's House,...

A Short-Title Calendar of the Papers of Archbishop Thomas William Croke in Archbishop'sHouse, Thurles: Part 1, 1841-1885Author(s): Mark TierneySource: Collectanea Hibernica, No. 13 (1970), pp. 100-138Published by: Franciscan Province of IrelandStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30004435 .

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A short-title calendar of the papers of Archbishop Thomas William Croke in Archbishop's House,

Thurles: Part 1,1841-1885

Mark Tiemey, O.S.B.

Introduction

Thomas William Croke was bom on 19 May 1823 in Dromin, Castlecor, near Buttevant, Co. Cork, Ireland. He died as archbishop of Cashel on 22 July 1902. His life was an eventful one, full of movement, colour and drama. After receiving his schooling in the endowed school at Charleville, he went to the Irish College, Paris, in 1839. He remained in Paris for six years. All his life he retained a love for the French language and for French culture. He admired the great French orators, such as Bossuet and Fenelon and there is no doubt that he emulated them in his own sermons later on. Many of his letters to Rome as bishop of Auckland and archbishop of Cashel were written in French. While in Paris he studied under David Moriarty who later became bishop of Kerry.

Although he had completed his course of studies in philosophy and theology, the young Croke did not seek immediate ordination. He spent from March to August 1845 teaching English in the diocesan college at Menin in Belgium. Then he made his way to Rome, where he remained for two years, obtaining his doctorate in theology. He was ordained to the priesthood on 29 May 1847 in Rome. Returning to Ireland he was appointed professor of humani- ties in Carlow College, where he remained from September 1847 to December 1848. He acted as professor of dogmatic theology in the Irish College, Paris, from January to August 1849, when he returned to Ireland and acted as curate to his uncle, also called Thomas Croke, who was the parish priest of Charleville.

The year 1857 was a very propitious one for Thomas W. Croke, as another uncle, James Croke, who had formerly been solicitor- general in Victoria, Australia, died and left him a large legacy. Henceforth he was financially independent ('I am really rich').

In 1859 Croke was appointed the first president of St Colman's diocesan college, Fermoy. After six years, during which he immersed himself in Irish educational problems, he was made parish priest of



Calendar of Archbishop Crake's papers 101

Doneraile (27 Feb. 1866 to 15 June 1870). He was appointed bishop of Auckland in June 1870 and remained there until 1874, when he returned to Ireland, mainly for health reasons. Patrick Leahy, archbishop of Cashel, died on 26 Jan. 1875 and Croke was appointed to succeed him on 24 June 1875. He ruled the See of Cashel until his death in 1902.

The calendar here presented is that of the papers of Dr Croke. They begin in 1841 and end in 1902; the first part goes as far as 1885 inclusive. The remaining papers will appear as Part 2 of the calendar.

There is no doubt that Archbishop Croke destroyed the greater part of his papers; however, sufficient have survived to warrant a separate calendar. His correspondence is of considerable importance for both the political and the ecclesiastical history of Ireland. Croke was on close terms of friendship with Charles S. Parnell, W.E. Gladstone, Michael Davitt, John Dillon, Cardinal Manning and Cardinal Cullen. There are letters from these and many other important public figures preserved among his papers.

The Croke Papers are kept in the Cashel Diocesan Archives at Archbishop's House, Thurles. I wish to thank the Most Reverend Dr T. Morris, archbishop of Cashel, for his kindness in allowing me to present this calendar, and for his constant encouragement in the long task of sorting out and calendaring the letters. The Croke Papers are on microfilm in the National Library of Ireland (nos. 5710 to 5713).

Calendar

1841 1. 'A true copy of the translation of Dr. M. McKenna's will, and also of his last will relative to his affairs and foundation in this country' .1 English translation signed by Thomas V. Croke,2 P.P., Charleville, 25 Feb. 1841; original will in French, made at Cove, 25 Nov. 1790, and witnessed by John Dunworth, John Scanlon and Daniel O'Flynn. (12 pp foolscap, sewn).

1Matthew McKenna, bishop of Cloyne and Ross; provided 7 Aug. 1769; died 4 June 1791.

2Thomas V. Croke, P.P., V.G., Charleville, uncle of Archbishop Croke; born Kilbrin, Charleville, 1782; student for a short time at Carlow College and then went to Maynooth; ordained 1811; served as curate in Aghada and Fermoy, then as Adm. Queenstown, and was appointed P.P. Charleville 20 May 1827; died Charleville 22 Feb. 1873 and interred in Mercy convent; brought the Mercy Sisters to Charleville and the superioress for many years was his niece, Mother Joseph (Elizabeth Croke), sister of the archbishop; Rev. William Croke, brother of the archbishop, was curate with his uncle in Charleville and died during the famine in Aug. 1849.



102 Collectanea Hibernica

1845 1. A note-book belonging to T.W. Croke, containing MS notes on geography and moral theology; no date, probably 1845. (60 pp). 2. A large note-book, containing MS notes by Thomas W. Croke made at Paris and Menin;3 notes on moral theology, sermons, prayers, history, algebra, in English, French and Latin; no date, probably 1845. (74 pp).

1846 1. A thesis, entitled Magisterium morale Summi Pontificis;4 by Thomas W. Croke of the Irish College, Rome; no date, probably 1846. (22 pp).

1847 1. Or do Divini Officii recitandi a clew romano (Rome 1847); printed; contains numerous marginal notes by Croke, with autobiographical details; he was ordained priest in Rome by Cardinal Patrizzi on 29 May 1847 and celebrated his first Mass on Sunday, 30 May. (120 pp).

1849 1. A sermon note-book, with full text of sermons, for the years 1849-75; most of the sermons were preached in Auckland; date and occasion of each sermon given; contains Croke's first address in Thurles Cathedral, 15 Aug. 1875. (about 300 pp).

1853 1. A document appointing James Croke5 solicitor-general for the Colony of Victoria, Australia, dated Victoria, 22 July 1853; witnessed by Charles Joseph La Trobe Esq., lieutenant-governor. (1 sheet).

1854 1. A small note-book containing prayers, meditations, history, accounts, with particular references to the parishes of Shanbally and Doneraile ;6 last entry dated 1870. (about 100 pp).

3 In Belgium, on the Belgian-French border; Croke taught English in the diocesan college for six months in 1845, after leaving the Irish College, Paris.

4 Croke spent 2 years in Rome, from Sept. 1845 to June 1847, during which time he obtained his Doctorate of Theology. 5 Uncle of Archbishop Croke, who died on 10 March 1857, leaving most of his estate to his nephew, Thomas W. Croke. As solicitor-general, James Croke had a salary off 1000.

6 Croke was P.P. Doneraile 1866-70.



Calendar of Archbishop Croke's papers 103

1856 1. A printed diocesan booklet of regulations for the priests of Auckland, written in Latin by Bishop John Baptist Pompallier7 and signed by him, Auckland, 9 March 1856; contains some MS notes; this copy was sent to Rev. Walter McDonnell. (8 pp). 2. J. Moore to James Croke, Melbourne, the chief secretary's office, 29 Nov. 1856; encloses a letter patent granting James Croke a pension for life of 1750; the patent dated 25 Nov. 1856 and signed by Edward MacArthur and William C. Staines. (1 p and 1 sheet).

1857 1. Abstract from the principal registry of the Probate Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, England, relative to the estate of James Croke, formerly solicitor-general of the colony of Victoria, dated 25 April 1857, and appointing the Rev, Thomas William Croke chief ex- ecutor. (1 sheet).

1859 1. Three indentures, dated 4 April 1859, 6 April 1859 and 23 May 1859, referring to the release of shares of the personal estate of the late James Croke; various members of the McSweeney and Murphy families and the Reverend Thomas W. Croke are the principal persons mentioned. (3 large sheets).

1860 1. Rev. Thomas W. Croke to an unnamed priest friend, Fermoy, St Colman's college,8 21 Oct. 1860; he outlines the history of the national system of education and the attitude of the Irish bishops to it; some data on proselytizing. (4 pp).

1864 1. Rev. James Croke9 to Edward O'Connor, San Francisco, St Mary's cathedral, 2 Feb. 1864; regarding the estate of the late Denis Carroll of San Francisco, over which James Croke has been given powers of attorney. (3 pp).

7First vicar apostolic of newly erected vicariate of Western Pacific, including New Zealand, Fiji, Central Oceanea, etc.; consecrated 30 June 1836; reached Hokianga, N.Z., 10 Jan. 1838; changed headquarters to Auckland 1845; became bishop of Auckland 1848; returned to France 1868 and resigned his See of Auckland; died 1870: succeeded bv Thomas W. Croke.

8Croke was the first oresident of St Colman's College. Fermov. 9Rev. James Croke, brother of Archbishop Croke, was vicar general of the diocese

of San Francisco.




1865 1. William Keane,10 bishop of Cloyne, to Rev. T.W. Croke, Fermoy, 17 May 1865; a celebret, in Latin. (1 p).

1866 1. Same to same, Queenstown, 27 Feb. 1866; official letter appointing Croke parish priest of Doneraile to succeed Rev. P. Duggan: Croke also made dean and vicar forane. (3 pp). 2. Same to same, Queenstown, 1 March 1866; grants Croke certain faculties as dean. (3 pp). 3. Same to same, Queenstown, 23 March 1866; instructions about saying Mass in the convent at Doneraile11 during Holy Week; sends f 10 for the relief of the poor of the parish; Croke is to distri- bute i5 and the Reverend Mother the other f 5. (3 pp). 4. Same to same, Queenstown, 14 Sept. 1866; instructions about Croke's two curates; one was new, Rev. William Fitzgerald; the other, Rev. John Ryan; the latter is to take the place of Rev. P.T. Doyle, the former curate, as confessor to the nuns. (1 p). 5. Matthew Quinn,12 bishop of Bathurst, to same, Queenstown Harbour, on board the Empress, 20 July 1866; he appoints Croke his vicar general to transact his business in Ireland before he (Quinn) takes up possession of his diocese. (2 pp).

1869 1. William Keane, bishop of Cloyne, to Croke, Queenstown, 18 Jan. 1869; he appoints Croke chancellor of Cloyne diocesan chapter. (2PP). 2. A package of papers, dated 18 Dec. 1869, containing (i) The last will and testament of the Reverend Thomas Croke, P.P., V.G., Charleville, made on 5 Aug. 1860, bequeathing all his property to his nephew Rev. Thomas W. Croke; witnessed by Rev. Daniel O'Brien and Thaddeus Leader; (ii) A release from the obligation relating to a marriage settlement, to the amount of i 1000, given to Rev. Thomas W. Croke by Daniel P. Lynch, and dated 15 Dec. 1869. (2 sheets).

1870 1, Alessandro Cardinal Barnabo to Croke, Rome, 15 June 1870; Latin; notifies him of his provision to the See of Auckland, N.Z., and asks him to come to Rome immediately. (1 p).

10Provided to the See of Ross, 24 Nov. 1850; consecrated 2 Feb. 1851; translated to See of Cloyne, 5 May 1857; died 15 Jan. 1874.

11The Presentation convent, Doneraile. 12First bishop of Bathurst; born in Athy 1821; consecrated by Cardinal Cullen in

Dublin 14 Nov. 1865; died 16 Jan. 1885.




2. Thomas W. Croke to his sister Issy,13 Doneraile, 19 June 1870; he awaits the official letter of appointment to Auckland; outlines his plans for the next few days; wonders if there is any convent of Mercy in Auckland; some personal reflections on his appointment. (4 pp). 3. Same to same, Doneraile, 22 June 1870; he has had news of his appointment from Cardinal Barnabo; he leaves for Rome the following Monday, 27 June, but hopes to see his sister before then. (2pp). 4. Pius IX to Croke, Rome, 23 June 1870; brief appointing Croke bishop of Auckland; parchment. (1 sheet). 5. Thomas W. Croke, bishop elect of Auckland, to his sister Issy, Rome, 3 July 1870; he is to be consecrated by Cardinal Cullen on 10 July; asks for prayers; the ceremony will cost filOO; the diocese of Auckland in financial chaos, with debts of f 8000. (3 pp). 6. Official notification, in Italian, of the episcopal consecration of Croke to be performed by Paul Cardinal Cullen, in the church of Sant'Agatha,14 Rome, on Sunday, 10 July 1870. (1 sheet). 7. Mgr Giovanni Simeoni, secretary of Propaganda, to Croke, Rome, 10 July 1870; Latin; he gives a full report on Auckland diocese and informs Croke of his duties, privileges and faculties. (6PP). 8. The official report of R. Canon Riccis, papal master of ceremonies and notary, of Croke's episcopal consecration in the church of Sant'Agatha by Paul Cardinal Cullen, assisted by Daniel Murphy, bishop of Hobart,15 and James Quinn,16 bishop of Brisbane, Rome, 10 July 1870; Latin. (1 sheet). 9. A printed and corrected proof copy of an address, from the villa of the Irish College, Rome, dated 11 July 1870, by Croke to the clergy and laity of his diocese of Auckland, which is to be read in all the churches; he hopes to leave Europe in October and arrive in Auck- land before the end of the year. (1 sheet). 10. Croke to his sister Issy, Paris, 27 July 1870; travelled with Bishop Keane and Bishop Nial McCabe of Ardagh;17 the latter died in Marseilles, in the hotel; they brought his remains for burial to Paris;

13Croke's pet name for his sister Isabelle, who was known in religion as Mother Joseph, Convent of Mercy, Charleville; born in Mallow, Co. Cork, 1825, she entered the convent 15 Aug. 1847; was out in the Crimea 1854-65 as a nursing sister; died 7 Nov. 1888.

14The Church attached to the Irish College, Rome, in via degli Ibernesi, Rome. 15In Tasmania. 16First bishop of Brisbane.

17 Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnois; provided 29 Nov. 1867; consecrated 2 Feb. 1868; died 22 July 1870.




the past few weeks have been a strain for him (Croke); his diocese is poor and the task of governing it will not be an easy one. (4 pp). 11. An Exeat issued by Bishop William Keane of Cloyne to Rev. John Golden, Queenstown, 3 Sept. 1870; Latin. (2 pp). 12. Croke to his sister Issy, Sept. 1870; he is setting out for Mallow, then on to Roscrea and Queenstown; he will see her soon. (4 pp). 13. Same to same, Mallow, Sept. 1870; he has been visiting the bishop18 at Killarney (?); as he (Croke) uses an outside car and the weather has been wet, he has been drenched; as the time approaches for leaving his friends he is filled with great sadness. (2 pp). 14. Same to same, Doneraile, Sept. 1870; he has had to cancel his sailing for New York by a few days; the war on the continent is driving the Yankees fast from Europe and all boats are booked. (2PP). 15. Same to same, Doneraile, 6 Sept. 1870; he is to leave by the Cunard Steamer China on Sunday 10 Sept. (1 p). 16. A MS address by Croke to the people of Cove, Sept. 1870, thanking them for their kindness to him. (2 pp). 17. Croke to his sister Issy, New York, 21 Sept. 1870; he had a good crossing which took nine days and eighteen hours; he is well and likes New York; he leaves for San Francisco19 on Saturday. (3 pp). 18. Bishop Croke's Journal of my administration of the diocese of Auckland, being the record of events connected with his duties there, from 17 Dec. 1870 to 10 Jan. 1874. (44 pp).

1871 1. The Directory for the clergy of the diocese of Melbourne, 1871, with MS notes by Croke in margins, giving details of his movements in Auckland, statistics of confirmations, etc. (60 pp). 2. Bishop William Keane20 to Mother Joseph Croke,21 Queenstown, 15 Jan. 1871; thanks her for sending news of her brother, Bishop Thomas W. Croke and his mission in Auckland; makes some reflections on the problems of the mission field. (4 pp). 3. 'Lenten regulations for the diocese of Auckland 187-'; printed and signed by T.W. Croke, bishop of Auckland; probably used from year to year during his time in Auckland; mainly concerned with fasting and abstinence. (1 sheet),

18This letter is written in a very indistinct hand; the bishop in question is probably David Moriarty of Kerry, as the meeting place reads like 'Killarney' .

19Where his brother, Rev. James Croke. was vicar general of the diocese. 20Bishop of Cloyne; see note 10 above. 21Croke s sister Issy; see note 13 above.




Croke's student in Carlow; the bishop24 is very poorly these days and they are thinking of a successor; Croke's name is mentioned; gives further details of succession issue. (2 pp).

1874 1. Bishop Croke's MS of circular letter to his clergy, announcing his departure for Europe to seek aid for his diocese; he appoints Rev. Henry Fynes as his vicar general in his absence; dated Auckland, 28 Jan. 1874; Latin. (1 sheet).

1875 1. Mgr T. Kirby25 to Bishop Croke, Rome, 24 June 1875; announces the appointment by the pope of Croke as archbishop of Cashel, in succession to the late Archbishop Leahy; instructs him to come to Rome immediately to receive the pallium. (2 pp). 2. Pius IX to Croke, Rome, 25 June 1875; brief appointing Croke archbishop of Cashel, translating him from Auckland; Latin; parchment. (1 sheet). 3. Mgr Kirby to same, Rome, 28 June 1875; a telegram ordering Croke to come to Rome for consistory on 5 July. (1 sheet). 4. Archbishop-elect Croke to his sister Issy, London,26 28 June 1875; announces that the Cashel business is now ended; he is very tired; asks her to give the news to their brother, the Reverend James Croke, of San Rafael, San Francisco. (3 pp). 5. Two telegrams, (i) referring to James Croke as succeeding to some estate, (ii) referring to Croke's appointment to Cashel, dated 28 June 1875. 6. A note-book belonging to Archbishop Croke, being his diary of the events from 22 June to 6 Oct. 1875, detailing his movements and the administration of his diocese during these first months. (9 pp). 7. Two documents from the prefect of the S. Congregation de Propa- ganda Fide to Archbishop Croke, granting him certain faculties, dated Rome, 11 July 1875; Latin. (2 sheets). 8. Solemn oath drawn up by Archbishop Croke for his diocesan Council, pledging them to secrecy, dated Thurles, 12 Aug. 1875; signed by Revs. Walter Cantwell,27 James Howley,28 Canon

24William Keane, bishop of Cloyne. f 25Tobias Kirby, Rector of the Irish College, Rome.

26Writing from Charing Cross Hotel. 27Walter Cantwell, P.P. and dean of Cashel, 1857-61; P.P. Fethard and dean of

Cashel, 1861-78. 28James Howley, P.P. Tipperary, 1841-84.




Cahill,29 William Archdeacon Quirke,30 John Ryan;31 terms of written pledge written by Croke and signed by him. (3 pp). 9. The Prefect of Propaganda Fide to Archbishop Croke, Rome, 19 Sept. 1875, granting permission to Croke to keep Thurles as his mensal parish; Italian and Latin. (1 sheet). 10. Alessandro Cardinal Franchi,32 Prefect of Propaganda Fide, to same, confirming the arrangement whereby Croke may hold Thurles as his mensal parish; Italian. (1 sheet). 11. Same to same, Rome, 28 Sept. 1875, granting Croke faculties for matrimonial cases; Italian. (1 sheet). 12. A note-book with accounts belonging to Archbishop Croke, mainly giving details of wages to servants, especially to his house- keeper, Mary Devlin, from 1868 to 1877. (23 pp).

1876 1. Paul Cardinal Cullen to Croke, Dublin, 20 Jan. 1876; comments on the recent trouble in Dublin with the students of Trinity College making political agitations; blames Butt;33 it is all a sham; regrets that Croke cannot attend the bishops' meeting in Maynooth. (2 pp). 2. Alessandro Cardinal Franchi to same, Rome, 30 Jan. 1876; grants permission for the nuns of the convents of Mercy in Cashel diocese to reserve the Blessed Sacrament in their chapels; Italian. (2PP). 3. Paul Cardinal Cullen to same, Dublin, 16 Feb. 1876; he has had a letter from Cardinal Franchi about the succession in Auckland; three names are to be sent to Rome; he cannot understand why Father Fitzgerald was not appointed;34 Butt's proposed bill for a Catholic university is too ambitious and too complicated to pass through parliament; there is a false report going round that Bishop Patrick Moran35 has been appointed to Dublin. (4 pp). 4. Same to same, Dublin, 24 March 1876; Bishop Moran has returned to Kilkenny from Rome; the new church in Clonliffe will be

29Richard Canon Cahill, P.P. Knockavilla, 1865-75; P.P. Murroe, 1875-6; P.P. Lattin, 1876-84; P.P. Tipperary, 1884-1903.

30William Archdeacon Quirke, P.P. Galbally, 1868: P.P. Cashel, 1868-87. 31John Ryan, D.D., P.P. Ballingarry, 1871-85; was voted dignissimus by Cashel

Chanter after death of Archbishop Leahv. 32Although letters nos. 7 and 9 above are from the office of the Prefect of Propa-

ganda Fide, this is the first one signed by Cardinal Franchi, the Cardinal Prefect, who was in poor health at this time.

33Isaac Butt, M.P.; born 1815; died 1879; founded Home Rule League 1870. 34Cardinal Cullen had recommended him, 35Patrick Moran, nephew of Cardinal Cullen; bishop of Ossory 1872-84; arch-

bishop of Sydney 1884-1911; made cardinal 1885.




opened in June; Archbishop Manning36 will preach one sermon and Croke will give another; Bishop O'Mahony37 is in trouble, but he (Cullen) believes that he will get away safely. (3 pp). 5. Same to same, Dublin, 1 April 1876; he is unable to take up Croke's suggestion to appoint Rev. Nicholas Barry to Wicklow;38 it is curious that most of the parish priests in Wicklow are externs, not natives of the Dublin diocese; three of them are natives of Cashel. (1 p). 6. Same to same, Dublin, 3 May 1876; gives further details of the ceremonies and plans for opening Clonliffe church in June. (1 p). 7. Same to same, Dublin, 19 May 1876; the opening of Clonliffe church will have to be postponed, owing to the delay in completing the building; he apologises to Croke and hopes he (Croke) will be able to give one of the sermons in September. (1 p). 8. Same to same, Dublin, 5 Aug. 1876; Clonliffe church will be ready by 14 Sept., feast of the Holy Cross; gives details of altars, windows etc.; the church is built on the traditional site of the battle of Clontarf which was fought on Good Friday, 1014. (4 pp). 9. Same to same, Dublin, 16 Aug. 1876; Cardinal Franchi will attend the dedication of the Clonliffe church; suggests that Croke have his sermon written, so that the reporters will not mangle it. (2pp). 10. Cardinal Patrizi39 to Croke, Rome, 21 Aug. 1876; gives notice of the new Office and Mass for Blessed Juliana Cornelio; Latin. (1 sheet). 11. Paul Cardinal Cullen to same, Dublin, 2 Sept. 1876; gives further news of Clonliffe and those who will attend the ceremony on 14 Sept.; as there is no pulpit, he suggests that Croke preach from the altar. (3 pp). 12. Same to same, Dublin, 18 Nov. 1876; Bishop O'Mahony^ is allowed to resume his episcopal functions in Australia or to remain in Ireland or any other place, as he wishes. (1 p). 13. Same to same, Dublin, 19 Dec. 1876; Bishop O'Hea4* of Ross

36Henry Edward Manning, archbishop of Westminster. 37Timothy O'Mahony, appointed first bishop of Armidale, N.S.W., Australia,

1869; because of grave accusations against him by a false clerical friend and given to the press, he resigned his See in 1878 and was appointed auxiliary bishop to the archbishop of Toronto; died in Toronto 1892.

38Rev. George Harold had already been appointed P.P. 39Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites in Rome. 40See note 37 above. 41Michael O'Hea, provided to Ross, 11 Dec. 1857, consecrated 7 Feb. 1858; there

was a vacancy in Ross for nearly a year, until the provision of Bishop William Fitz- gerald 7 Sept. 1877.




6. A large note-book, The record of my administration of the archdiocese of Cashel and Emly', kept by Archbishop Croke; covers the years 1875 to 1900; details major events in his own life, as well as details of visitations, confirmations, etc.; Croke has written in 69 pp.; the book was continued in Archbishop Fennelly's46 hand from 1901 to 1916. (260 pp). 7. F. Hugh O'Donnell4? to Mgr Woodlock,4* London, 21 April 1877; the Tipperary constituency is vacant owing to the death of O'Callaghan ;49 he (O'Donnell) may run for it; he is vice-President of the Home Rule confederation and would like to have the chance to smash the plan to help the Queen's universities; great things are being said about Archbishop Croke. (1 sheet, typed). 8. Paul Cardinal Cullen to Croke, Dublin, 23 April 1877; he (Cullen) has been unwell for some days; suggests that Croke write directly to Rome about the Ross affair, giving his own views; this will prevent 'a great deal of mischief. (2 pp). 9. F.H. O Donnell to same, London, 26 April 1877; thanks Croke for his telegram; he (O'Donnell) had hoped to get elected to Tipperary, being the defender of catholic interests in education and in foreign politics; accompanying this type-written letter is a MS copy in Croke's hand. (2 pp). 10. Bishop James Ryan50 to same, Killaloe, 9 May 1877; he is in favour of support for Gray;51 the priests of his diocese are also behind his candidature and see it as counteracting the evils of Fenianism. (1 p). 11. F.H. O'Donnell to same, London, 25 May 1877; has sent Croke the current issue of The Month and also brings to his attention an article written in the Morning Post by him on the 'sacred mission of the tsars' (1 p). 12. Paul Cardinal Cullen to same, Rome, 28 June 1877; owing to ill-health he has not been able to do anything since arriving in Rome; the Ross affair has been held up; the case of Bishop O'Mahony is still being discussed by the Roman authorities. (3 pp).

46Thomas Fennelly, provided coadjutor to Archbishop Croke 18 April 1901; consecrated 9 June 1901; succeeded 27 July 1902.

47Frank Hugh O Donnell, author and politician; born Donegal 1848; died London 1916; M.P. Dungarvan 1877-85.

48Bartholomew Woodlock, Rector of the Catholic University in Dublin; after- wards was bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnois, 1879-94; died 1902.

49Col. Wilfred O'Callaghan, M.P. Tipperary 1874-77. 50James Ryan, coadjutor bishop of Killaloe; consecrated 4 Feb. 1872; retired as

coadjutor 1889 and died 20 July 1889. 51Edward Dwyer Gray, journalist and owner of the Freeman s Journal; M.P.

Tipperary 1877-88.




13. A printed circular letter from Archbishop Croke to the clergy of Cashel and Emly, dated Thurles, 8 July 1877, listing the amount of money to be raised for the purpose of completing the cathedral at Thurles; it is hoped to obtain a sum of f5500 through parochial collections. (1 sheet). 14. Alessandro Cardinal Franchi to Croke, Rome, 26 Aug. 1877; Rome is in favour of retaining the diocese of Ross; Canon William Fitzgerald52 is proposed as the most suitable person to succeed the late Bishop O'Hea; Italian. (1 p). 15. Rev. William McKeogh53 to same, Ballinahinch, 30 Aug. 1877; he is prepared to leave Ballinahinch if Croke so wishes; there is some hope that the situation may improve between himself and his parishioners. (4 pp). 16. Bishop T. O'Mahony^ (?) to same, Montreal, 30 Sept. 1877; has taken up residence in Montreal from Quebec; thanks Croke for news of the appointment to Ross; the plan to do away with the diocese of Ross was not a good one; he (O'Mahony) likes his new home. (4 pp). 17. Croke to the vicar capitular of the diocese of Kerry,55 Thurles, 6 Oct. 1877; a meeting will be held in Killarney on 26 Oct. to nomin- ate a successor to the late Bishop Moriarty. (2 pp). 18. Same to Alessandro Cardinal Franchi, Thurles, 26 Oct. 1877; gives a full report of the proceedings in Killarney; Daniel Mac- Carthy,56 dignissimus; Andrew Higgins, dignior; Henry Neville, dignus; Croke adds biographical data on each candidate; Latin. (3pp). 19. Paul Cardinal Cullen to Croke, Dublin, 18 Nov. 1877; congratulates him on the way he has handled the Kerry election; Daniel MacCarthy is an excellent choice; Bishop Delany's57 recent speech was intemperate and has been condemned by the Nation. (2pp).

52See note 41 above. 53Father McKeogh administered the parish of Ballinahinch for a short time

before the death of the pastor. Rev. Robert Short on 10 July 1877; was appointed P.P. Ballinahinch until 1887; then P.P. Kilcummin; resigned 1910 and died 1920; had been one of the priests sent by Archbishop Leahy to collect funds in U.S.A. in 1871, for the Thurles cathedral.

54See note 37 above; signature of writer very indistinct; could be Connors or O'Connor.

55Bishop David Moriarty died 1 Oct. 1877. 56Daniel McCarthy, provided to See of Kerry 7 June 1878, consecrated 25 Aug.

1878; died 23 July 1881. 57William Delany, bishop of Cork, provided 9 July 1847; consecrated 15 Aug.

1847; died 14 Nov. 1886.




20. dro Cardinal Franchi to same, Rome, 22 Nov. 1877; now that there is a vacancy in Kerry, it is opportune to make some of the proposed changes in the diocesan boundaries between Kerry and Ross; asks Croke to send a map of the area in question; Italian. (2pp). 21. Croke to Cardinal Franchi, Thurles, 28 Nov. 1877; he has sent a map of the Kerry-Ross boundary area to Rome and will discuss the matter with the bishops of Limerick and Waterford, who, being disinterested parties, will know how to judge impartially; French. (2pp). 22. Mgr R. Croskell5** to Rev. Denis J. O'Callaghan, Salford, 15 Dec. 1877; gives a testimonial to Fr. O'Callaghan on the occasion of his leaving Salford to return to Ireland. (1 p). 23. Rev. Denis J. O'Callaghan to Croke, St James's Presbytery, Salford, 17 Dec. 1877; explains to Croke that there has been some misunderstanding between him (O'Callaghan) and his bishop;59 six other young Irish priests have left Salford this year; there is a question of being involved in politics, but all they were trying to do was to help the Irish immigrants; he will call to see Croke after Christmas and explain his case. (7 pp). 24. A printed report, in Italian, of the observations of the Dublin provincial bishops on the Irish Christian Brothers; dated 1877; details problems of residence, work, etc. (14 pp). 25. A MS copy of the various Roman documents and pronounce- ments relating to the Irish Christian Brothers from their foundation to the present day; Italian and Latin. (23 pp).

1878 1. Alessandro Cardinal Franchi to Croke, Rome, 11 Jan. 1878; asks for specific information about the status and work of the Irish Christian Brothers, in view of the accusation made that their rules are contrary to the Maynooth Statutes; the Superior of the Brothers has written to Rome pointing out that harm will come to the Institute if the Maynooth regulations are enforced; Latin.60 (2 pp). Attached to this is a copy of Croke's undated reply to Cardinal Franchi, in which he points out that the Munster bishops are of the opinion that the rules of the Irish Christian Brothers do not run contrary to the Maynooth Statutes; Latin. (3 pp).

58Vicar general of the diocese of Salford, England. 59Herbert Vaughan, bishop of Salford. 60Cardinal Franchi enclosed some documents which are given as nos 24 and 25

under the year 1877 above.




2. Mgr T. Kirby to same, Rome, 15 Jan. 1878; the Roman authorities are anxious to have Croke's opinion on the proposed enlarging of the diocese of Ross; a few parishes could be taken from Kerry, and now that Kerry has no bishop, it is a good time to act; trusts that Croke has read the documents sent from Rome about the Irish Christian Brothers and that the Irish bishops will give a unanimous reply on this matter; Victor Emmanuel is lying in state; the pope sent a Monsignor to reconcile him on his death-bed, but the Mon- signor was not allowed near him. (4 pp). 3. Paul Cardinal Cullen to same, Dublin, 18 Jan. 1878; the actual appointment of the dean of the diocesan chapter is reserved to the Holy See, but Croke may send three names and the first on the list will most probably be chosen; Cardinal Franchi has sent him the memorial of the Christian Brothers and speaks in favour of them. (1 P). 4. Same to same, Dublin, 20 Jan. 1878; owing to the pope's declining health there is some confusion in Rome, as the cardinals do not like to act on their own or too hastily; Croke should write again to Rome to assure himself of a reply to the Kerry question. (1 p). 5. Same to same, Dublin, 24 Jan. 1878; advises that it would be best not to praise the Fenians who have been released from prison; encloses an extract from a letter he (Cullen) had from a friend in England concerning one of the Fenian prisoners, showing how anti-Catholic they are; Rome is expecting a quick reply to the query about the Irish Christian Brothers. (4 pp). 6. Cardinal Franchi to same, Rome, 31 Jan. 1878; acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter of 11 Dec. 1877; however, the map mentioned in that letter never arrived, and it is impossible to settle the Kerry- Ross question without one; asks him to send another map; Italian. 1 p). 7. Croke to his clergy and people, Thurles, Feb. 1878; printed regulations for Lent in the archdiocese of Cashel and Emly for the year 1878. (1 sheet). 8. Mgr T. Kirby to Croke, Rome, 3 Feb. 1878; the Propaganda authorities have received all Croke's letters about the Kerry-Ross boundary changes, but have not yet received his map; they require this before coming to a decision; Bishop John McEvilly has received his briefs of appointment as coadjutor to Tuam; the pope appeared for the first time for weeks on the feast of the Purification. (4 pp). 9. Same to same, Rome, 8 Feb. 1878; Pius IX died yesterday at 5.45 p.m.; his remains will be brought from the Vatican to St Peter's; the conclave to elect a successor will be held after nine days of mourning. (3 pp).




10. Rev. William McKeogh^i to same, Ballinahinch, 1 March 1878; asks to be allowed to remain in Ballinahinch for some time yet, as he has a number of debts to pay off; he would be in serious straits if he had to sell his cows, etc.; the main reason for his financial distress is that he spent all his money building schools and his house. (4 pp). 11. Address of the archbishop of Cashel and his suffragans to Leo XIII62 on the occasion of his election as pope; Latin. (2 pp). 12. Cardinal Cullen to Croke, Rome, 2 April 1878; he has presented Croke's address to the pope,** who received it graciously; the state of education in Italy is very bad; the pope hopes that Ireland will be spared a similar turn for the worse. (3 pp). 13. Bishop Flannery64 to same, Paris, 15 April 1878; gives Croke permission to add his name to any address sent to the new pope. (4pp). 14. Cardinal Cullen to same, Rome, 6 May 1878; Rev. Daniel MacCarthy65 was appointed to Kerry today; it has still to be con- firmed by the pope; he (Cullen) hopes to be back in Ireland early in June; the Irish bishops and the students of the Irish College were received by the pope on 2 May. (3 pp). 15. Giovanni Cardinal Simeoni to same, Rome, 10 July 1878; official notification of the appointment of Rev. Daniel MacCarthy to the See of Kerry; he is granted the usual faculties, etc.; Italian. OP). 16. Leo XIII to Archbishop Croke and the Munster bishops, Rome, 20 July 1878; thanks them for their Address on the occasion of his election as pope; Latin; signed by the pope. (2 pp). 17. Giovanni Cardinal Simeoni to Croke, Rome, 20 Aug. 1878; he is shocked to hear that Archbishop MacHale66 will not permit his coadjutor67 to carry out his duties in the diocese of Tuam; asks Croke to take action, along with the primate in Armagh; Italian. (2pp). 18. Archbishop Daniel McGettigan68 to same, Longford, 10 Sept. 1878; has been to see Archbishop MacHale; he cannot be persuaded to accept Bishop McEvilly as his coadjutor; MacHale has brought

61See note 53 above. 62Leo XIII was elected pope 20 Feb. and crowned 3 March 1878. 63Sec above, no. 11. 64Michael Flannery, bishop of Killaloe 1859-91. 65See note 56 above. 66John MacHale, archbishop of Tuam 1834-81. 67Bishop John McEvilly. 68Daniel McGettigan, archbishop of Armagh and primate; provided 11 March

1870; died 3 Dec. 1887.




his nephew. Rev. T. MacHale, from the Irish College, Paris, and made him vicar general; this is the first v.g. he ever had; he (McGet- tigan) is writing to Rome about the situation; the priests of Ardagh met today to choose a terna, from whom a successor to Bishop Conroy69 will be appointed by Rome; gives details of voting: 17 votes for the vicar capitular, Rev. Dr Flanagan, 9 votes for Bishop McCormack of Achonry, 5 votes for Rev. John Monaghan, P.P. (4pp), 19. Bishop Patrick J. Ryan™ to same, St. Louis, Mo. U.S.A., 12 Oct. 1878; thanks Croke for inviting him to preach a sermon on the coming dedication of Thurles Cathedral; it is too soon to say if he will be able to accept; he may have to come to Europe next year in place of his archbishop; there is a rumour in all the American newspapers that Croke is to be appointed Apostolic Delegate to U.S.A.; he (Ryan) approves of this, as Croke is the *most American of the Irish bishops' . (2 pp). 20. Archbishop Daniel McGettigan to the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, Armagh, December 1878; replies to a questionnaire sent from Rome, relating to the Irish Christian Brothers; Italian and Latin. (2 foolscap pp). 21. Mgr T. Kirby to Croke, Rome, 23 Dec. 1878; gives his opinion about the possibility of a cardinal being appointed for Ireland; the decision on the Christian Brothers was on the whole favourable to them; they had threatened to pack up and leave Ireland; the Auck- land mission is being given to the Benedictines.7* (4 pp).

1879 1. Mgr T. Kirby to Croke, Rome, 11 Jan. 1879; Cardinal Simeoni has received Croke's letter; the pope has issued an encyclical letter;72 it should be read from the pulpit; the appointments to the Sees of Dublin and Ardagh should be made this month; Bishop M. Quinn7* has sent f 300 for the pope. (3 pp). 2. Bishop Gillooly74 to same, Sligo, 24 March 1879; asks for Croke's

69 George Michael Conroy, bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnois; provided 14 Feb. 1871; consecrated 11 April 1871; died 4 Aug. 1878.

70 Appointed coadjutor with right of succession to Archbishop Peter Kendrick of St Louis in 1871; remained coadjutor until 8 June 1884, when he was promoted to be archbishop of Philadelphia; died 11 Feb. 1911; he was bora at Thurles 20 Feb. 1831.

71 One of them, the Rev. Edmund Luck, O.S.B., was consecrated bishop of Auck- land in 1882.

72 Leo XIII issued his encyclical letter on socialism Quod apostolici muneris on 28 Dec. 1878.

73 See note 12 above. 74 Laurence Gillooly, CM.; provided coadjutor to Elphin with right of succession

18 Feb. 1856; succeeded 1 Dec. 1858; died 15 Jan. 1895.




opinion on the educational problems brought up by the intern examination for the Queen's universities; owing to the vacancy in the See of Dublin, the primate or Croke should take action. (4 pp). 3. Same to same, Sligo, 29 March 1879; this is a critical time for education and religion in Ireland; the situation calls for united action on the part of the bishops; they should send some representa- tives to London to put pressure on the Irish M.P.s during the debate on the educational bill. (3 pp). 4. Bishop James A. Healy75 to Rev. Daniel Murphy, Portland, U.S.A., 11 April 1879; Father Murphy's brother, a clerical student, has been manumitted from Cashel to Portland diocese; he, the bishop of Portland, is willing to have Stephen ordained by Arch- bishop Croke, and if the latter thinks him mature enough, Stephen should come to Portland, where his two brothers are already. (3 pp). 5. Same to same, Portland, 12 April 1879; asks Father Murphy to put pressure on Archbishop Croke and Stephen,76 to ensure that the latter comes to Portland. (2 pp). 6. Mgr T. Kirby to Croke, Rome, 27 April 1879; gives details about a marriage case, in which the man has died, so that the case can now be withdrawn; the new bishop of Auckland is Rev. Dr Steines, a Jesuit, who was lately vicar apostolic of Calcutta; Bishop Wood- lock77 has arrived in Rome and will be consecrated here; Cardinal Newman also in Rome; there has been a great demonstration in honour of Our Lady in Rome, to counteract a movement to dis- honour her. (4 pp). 7. Rev. Daniel Murphy to same, Augusta, Maine, 28 April 1879; sends two letters from Bishop Healy of Portland diocese78 about his brother Stephen Murphy; Croke should send Stephen out, as he is sorely needed; asks for news of the cathedral in Thurles, which should be nearly completed, and of Mrs Lamy, Croke's house- keeper. (2 pp). 8. Archbishop D. McGettigan7^ to same, Armagh, 29 April 1879; accepts Croke's invitation to attend in Thurles for the dedication of the cathedral on 22 June; he (McGettigan) and Bishop Kelly^o are going to Rome for a short period. (3 pp).

75 Second bishop of Portland, U.S.A.; appointed 12 Feb. 1875; died 5 Aug. 1900. 76 It is not dear from the letter if the hesitation was on the part of Stephen or Archbishop Croke.

77See note 48 above. 78 78These letters are nos. 4 and 5 above.

79See note 68 above. 80Francis Kelly, provided coadjutor with right of succession to See of Derry 19

April 1849; consecrated 21 Oct. 1849; succeeded 1864; died 1 Sept. 1889.



Calendar of Archbishop Croke' s papers 119

9. Abbot Fitzpatrick81 to same, Mount Melleray, Co. Waterford, 30 April 1879; regrets that he cannot attend the consecration of Thurles Cathedral, as he is not permitted to leave his monastery even for such a solemn celebration. (3 pp). 10. Bishop Power^ to same, Waterford, 30 April 1879; accepts the invitation to attend at Thurles for the consecration of the cathedral; the trouble between the Christian Brothers and the clergy of Mallow is a sad case. (1 p). 11. Archbishop McCabe83 to same, Maynooth, 1 May 1879; accepts invitation to come to Thurles for 22 June. (3 pp). 12. Bishop Leahy84 to same, Newry, 1 May 1879; accepts the invitation to dedication of Thurles Cathedral. (2 pp). 13. Bishop Walshe8* to same, Carlow, 1 May 1879; will attend in Thurles if his health permits; he is 74 years of age. (1 p). 14. Bishop P. Duggan8** to same, Dublin, 2 May 1879; accepts the invitation to the ceremony in Thurles; has been in Maynooth studying the College's financial foundations. (1 p). 15. Bishop McCarthy87 to same, Killarney, 2 May 1879; will attend in Thurles on 22 June, if he can change a prior fixture in his diocese for that day. (1 p). 16. Bishop Gillooly88 to same, Sligo, 3 May 1879; is grieved to know that Croke is not in line with the rest of the Irish bishops on the university bill; hopes that he may change his mind; if so, then Croke should write to Mr Dwyer Gray at once and call on him to give the university bill his support, both in his journal89 and in parliament. (4 pp). 17. Bishop Conway90 to same, Ballina, 3 May 1879; will attend in Thurles in June. (2 pp).

81Abbot of Cistercian monastery of Mount Melleray, 1848-93. 82John Power, bishop of Waterford; consecrated 20 July 1873; died 1887. 83Edward McCabe, archbishop of Dublin; provided 4 April 1879; consecrated

25 July 1879; appointed cardinal 12 March 1882; died 11 Feb. 1885. 84John Pius Leahy, O.P., bishop of Dromore; consecrated coadjutor 1 Oct. 1854;

succeeded 27 Feb. I860; died 6 Sept. 1890. 85James Walsh, bishop of Kildare and Leighlin; provided 14 Feb. 1856; con-

secrated 30 March 1856; died 5 March 1888. 86Patrick Duggan, bishop of Clonfert; provided 2 Oct. 1871; consecrated 14 Jan.

1872; died 15 Aug. 1896. 87See note 56 above. 88See note 74 above.

89 The Freeman's Journal. 90Hugh Conway, provided coadjutor to Killala with right of succession 21 Nov.

1871; consecrated 4 Feb. 1872; succeeded 9 June 1873; died 23 April 1893.




18. Bishop Lynch9! to same, Tullow, 4 May 1879; accepts the invitation to attend in Thurles. (1 p). 19. Bishop Donnelly92 to same, Monaghan, 5 May 1879; accepts the invitation to attend in Thurles. (1 p). 20. Bishop Warren9^ to same, Enniscorthy, 5 May 1879; will attend in Thurles for dedication of cathedral. (2 pp). 21. Bishop Conaty94 to same, Cavan, 6 May 1879; will attend for the Thurles consecration, although it clashes with other duties; refers to the difficult times in the south. (3 pp). 22. Archbishop McHale9^ to same, Tuam, 8 May 1879; regrets he will not be able to attend in Thurles. (2 pp). 23. Bishop McEvilly96 to same, Galway, 9 May 1879; will attend in Thurles; his book on St Luke is in the press. (1 p). 24. Brother P. A. Gaynn to same, Presentation Monastery, Killarney, 11 May 1879; asks Croke to help in the case of a young student in St Patrick's College, Thurles, whose father cannot pay for his keep, and who wishes to be adopted by some bishop for the missions; congratulates Croke on his sermon at the opening of a 'new Inn' at New Inn; asks for Mrs Lamie. (4 pp). 25. Bishop Kelly97 to same, Rome, 17 May 1879; accepts invitation to Thurles Cathedral dedication. (1 p). 26. Bishop Nulty9** to same, Mullingar, 19 May 1879; will assist at Thurles on 22 June. (1 p). 27. Bishop J. MacCarthy99 to same, Castlemartyr, 20 May 1879; will attend in Thurles; the Mallow business with the Christian Brothers is a great cross; asks for news of the primate, Archbishop McGettigan, who is in Rome. (3 pp). 28. Invitation card, printed, from Croke, Thurles, 1 June 1879, in connection with the consecration of the cathedral of Thurles on Sunday, 22 June. (1 p).

91James Lynch, CM.; elected coadjutor to the vicar apostolic of the western district in Scotland 26 Aug. 1866; consecrated 4 Nov. 1866; provision as coadjutor to Kildare and Leighlin 15 April 1869; succeeded 5 March 1888; died 19 Dec. 1896.

92Bishop of Clogher 1865-1893. pg 93Michael Warren, bishop of Ferns 1876-84. 94Nicholas Conaty, bishop of Kilmore 1865-86. 95See note 66 above. 96John McEvilly, coadjutor to Archbishop MacHale. 97Francis Kelly, bishop of Derry 1864-89. 98Thomas Nulty, bishop of Meath 1866-98. 99John MacCarthy, bishop of Cloyne 1874-93.




29. Rev. Michael Logue100 to Croke, Maynooth College, 2 June 1879; will attend in Thurles on 22 June. (1 p). 30. Bishop Patrick Moran101 to same, Rome, 6 June 1879; gives Croke the pope's best wishes on the occasion of the dedication of Thurles Cathedral and sends the apostolic blessing; quotes at length the words of the pope about Ireland. (4 pp). 31. Henry Edward Cardinal Manning102 to same, Westminster, 4 Aug. 1879; some member of the Liberal Party has been influencing the Irish bishops to reject the university education bill now before parliament; it would be a good thing for Ireland if the bill were passed. (4 pp). 32. Charles S. Parnell and E. Dwyer Gray to same, London, 10 Aug. 1879; refers to Croke's letter in the Freeman's Journal of 9 Aug.; they are grateful to Croke for pointing out the need for unity among the Irish M.P.s; Croke's efforts towards reconciliation have borne fruit; they guarantee to maintain peaceful relations with each other in the future. (Letter signed by both Parnell and Gray). (2 pp). 33. Croke to his clergy, Thurles, 28 Oct. 1879; a printed circular letter, asking for public support for the Ursuline Convent School, Thurles. (2 pp). 34. P.J. Smythios to his electors, Dublin, 6 Nov. 1879; a printed letter announcing his intention to contest the Tipperary by-election, at the request of the Tipperary electors; names of his supporters given, which include people from Cappawhite, Hollyford, Latten, Emly, Killea, Tipperary, etc. (2 pp). 35. Croke to E. Dwyer Gray, Thurles, 12 Dec. 1879; a covering note, accompanying Croke's letter and f 5 cheque to the editor of the Freeman' s Journal, in support of the men who were arrested recently for speeches on the Irish Land question; the money is to be used for legal assistance in the state trial; original cheque is attached. (2 pp).

100Michael Logue, dean at Maynooth 1876-78; professor of Irish and theology 1878-79; provision as bishop of Raphoe 13 May 1879; consecrated 20 July 1879; translated as coadjutor to Armagh 30 April 1887; succeeded as archbishop of Armagh 3 Dec. 1887; cardinal 19 Jan. 1893; died 19 Nov. 1924.

101See note 35 above. 102Archbishop of Westminster 1865-92. 103Patrick James Smyth, M.P. Westmeath 1871-79; Tipperary 1880-84; opposed

Land League and lost popularity; died 1885; was involved in a dispute with his Tipperary electors, in 1880, over the election of Parnell as Chairman of the Home Rule Party; see letters nos. 2-8 under 1880.




1880 1. Sir Thomas O'HaganK* to Croke, London, 20 March 1880; an invitation to Croke to join a deputation which is to go to Birming- ham to present an Address to Cardinal Newman. (3 pp). 2. Croke to P.J. Smyth, Thurles, 18 May 1880; he regrets that Smyth voted against Parnell yesterday; all his (Smyth's) supporters in Tipperary expected him to vote for Parnell as chairman of the Home Rule party; some of the priests are very displeased. (3 pp). 3. Same to same, Thurles, 20 May 2 p.m., 1880; he (Croke) wrote as a friend and in a private manner to Smyth two days ago; he did not expect Smyth to react by writing to the newspapers and resigning as M.P. for Tipperary; Croke expected Smyth to vote for Parnell as chairman simply to ensure unity in the party; like Smyth he does not agree with all Parnell's views; as an elector, Croke has the right to state his feelings on the matter. (2 pp). 4. Same to same, Thurles, 20 May 1880; a second note of the same day, qualifying what he (C.) had said earlier; Smyth's letter in the Freeman is calculated to mislead the country as to the cause of his retirement; it is not a question of the 'public opinion of Ireland' being against Smyth; neither is it a question of Smyth's having to accept the political views of his electors; Parnell's election as chairman of the Home Rule Party was a matter of policy not of individual views. (3 pp). 5. P.J. Smyth to Croke, London, 21 May 1880; regrets that he did not regard Croke's letter as an expression of opinion, open to discussion between the two of th' em; he is now embarrassed, as he cannot see any way of withdrawing his resignation; besides he still cannot give his support to Parnell and the extreme section of the Home Rule Party; asks Croke for his advice. (4 pp). 6. Croke to P.J. Smyth, Thurles, 22 May 1880; since Smyth's letter of resignation was published under a misapprehension, he may without any difficulty withdraw it; a line to the Freeman will rectify the matter; he (Croke) is meeting his clergy and will discuss what means they can adopt to help Smyth. (2 pp). 7. An open letter from the clergy of Cashel and Emly diocese, undated, stating that while they had censured Mr P.J. Smyth for voting against Mr Parnell, they did not consider the matter suffici- ently serious for his resignation. (1 p).

104First Baron O'Hagan; bom 1812; attorney-general, 1861-65; Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1868; resigned 1874; reappointed 1880; died 1885; this letter written from 19 Chesham Place, S.W.




8. P.J. Smyth to Croke, London, 25 May 1880; thanks Croke for taking a load off his shoulders; he is naturally impulsive; apologises for the trouble he has caused Croke; he (S.) is still unhappy about Parnell; there are evil days ahead. (4 pp). 9. RH. O'Donnell1^ to Bishop Power,"* London, 21 April 1880; asks him to write at once to Croke to get him (Croke) to take action against Parnell, who is going to throw in all his weight with the Land League and neglect the struggle for Home Rule ;i07 the Land League depends too much on American money, and is thus independent of Irish control. (1 foolscap page, typed). 10. A printed list, dated 19 Sept. 1880, of the clergy of Cashel and Emly who contributed to the pope's collection, with the amount subscribed by each. (Total sum: 1129). (4 pp). 11. Croke to his sister Issy,1^ Rome, 16 Oct. [1880?]; there has been some misunderstanding between them, owing to Croke not having written before this; thanks her for her letter; he arrived safe and well in Rome.i09 (2 pp). 12. Archbishop Croke's Relatio Status of the diocese of Cashel and Emly for the year 1880; gives many interesting autobiographical details; he was bom on 19 May 1823,110 etc. (33 pp in hard-bound note-book). 13. Rev. James Cantwell to the clergy of Cashel and Emly, Thurles, 26 Nov. 1880; a printed circular, giving the resolution of the clergy to arrange a public banquet and an Illuminated Address to Croke on the occasion of his return from Rome; they will also present him with a carriage and pair; subscription list given with names and details of sums contributed. (1 foolscap sheet). 14. T.D. Sullivanin to Croke, Dublin, 9 Dec. 1880; congratulates him on his safe return from Rome, where he (Croke) rendered invaluable services to the Irish people; the Nation is to publish a gallery of portraits and asks for a good photograph of Croke which could be included in the series. (2 pp).

105See note 47 above; writing from Westminster Palace Hotel. d 106Bishop of Waterford.

107This is probably a criticism of *the New Departure' . 108See note 13 above. 109No year given in this letter; since Croke signs himself Tom' , it may be of an

earlier date than 1880. 110Archbishop Fennelly has crossed out many items in this Relatio, writing over

what Croke had entered; it is still possible to read Croke's original MS. 111Timothy Daniel Sullivan, poet, journalist and politician; bora 1827; died 1914;

contributor to and sometime owner of the Nation.




15. Croke to his diocesan clergy, Thurles, 25 Dec. 1880; a printed circular letter promulgating the new law regarding 'separate main- tenance' ,112 which was passed by the diocesan synod on 5 July 1880; details given of parochial funds and regulations concerning them; these laws are to come into force on or after the Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany. (2 pp).

1881 1. Bishop Delany1^ to Croke, Dublin, 13 March 1881; apologises for the trouble caused over the incident of the two Cork clergymen and thanks Croke for his cooperation; no details given. (1 p). 2. Archbishop McCabe to same, Dublin, 19 March 1881; asks if the letter which appeared in the Freeman's Journal on 17 March, under Croke's name, is genuine; it has attracted considerable attention and given pain to many 'of our good Catholics'; if it is a genuine document, he (McCabe) will send it to Rome along with his pastoral and ask for judgment in the case.114 (3 pp). 3. Croke to Archbishop McCabe, Thurles, 20 March 1881; the letter which Croke wrote to the Freeman has, in fact, given 'immense satisfaction throughout the country'; he (Croke) has been inundated with letters of congratulations from members of parliament, bishops, priests and laymen, and if necessary, will give them to the public in a pamphlet shape; he will be delighted to have 'the main issue' decided by the Roman authorities. (2 pp). 4. Same to same, Thurles, 8 April 1881; an apology for the letter which he wrote in the Freeman, openly criticising the views of the archbishop of Dublin; he (Croke) was not aware of the official character of the Pastoral letter of Archbishop McCabe; Bishop Patrick Moran has acted as mediator between the two archbishops; Croke withdraws the letter in question. (3 pp). 5. Archbishop McCabe to Croke, Dublin, 13 April 1881; he is pained to read the article in this morning's Irish Times referring to them both; says he has had nothing to do with it and blames some scandal mongers for trying to foment trouble between them; encloses several cuttings from newspapers, which give the news that Croke was ordered to apologise to McCabe by the Roman authorities. (4 pp plus cuttings).

112This meant that parish priests no longer had to lodge their curates; the latter were free to find their own lodgings if they so wished.

113 Bihf 113 Bishop of Cork; see note 57 above. 114The archbishop of Dublin had condemned the Ladies' Land League; Croke's

letter was in defence of the Ladies in question.




6. Bishop Moran1 is to Croke, Kilkenny, 15 April 1881; the Irish Times has stated that an Irish bishop, recently returned from Rome, brought with him instructions about settling the dispute between the two archbishops of Dublin and Cashel; he (Moran) has just returned from Rome, but had no such instructions; he is writing to this effect to the Irish Times to clear up the matter; gives the full text of his letter to the Times. (3 pp). 7. Charles S. Parnell to Croke, London,11** 16 May 1881; owing to his absence from London for a few days he was unable to answer Croke's letter sooner; only about 12 of the Party will vote on the second reading of the Land bill; about 30 of the best men will ab- stain; regrets that his opinions differ from Croke's, but under the circumstances it is impossible to make a change. (5 pp). 8. John Dillon117 to same, Kilmainham, 17 June 1881; thanks him for his letter and kind words and his promise to visit him (Dillon) in prison; Croke had been with him the day before he was arrested; he has no idea how long he will be kept in gaol. (6 pp). 9. Henry E. Cardinal Manning to same, Westminster, 13 July 1881; he rejoices at the line which Croke has taken in regard to Parnell; the Land League is now out of favour in parliament owing to Parnell; it is up to the Irish bishops to take a lead in uniting the people; they must oppose the evil influence of America in Ireland; the Land League must be kept within the limits of right and law. (3 pp). 10. Charles S. Parnell to same, London, 22 July 1881; acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter of 12 July; the Land bill is now very nearly through committee and on the whole it has been considerably improved; however, the clause about rent-fixing has been mutilated; it will not lead to much of a reduction in rents. (4 pp). 11. William O'Brien11® to same, Dublin, 11 Aug. 1881; acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter; hopes to make United Ireland do something to justify its name; he is of the opinion that the Land bill 'must either rob the landlords of a third of their rents and so ruin them, or leave the bulk of the rents untouched and so disgust the farmers'; it would be a calamity if the bill were to be generally accepted. (2 pp).

115 Bishop of Ossory. 116 Writing from the House of Commons; letter marked 'Private'. 117 John Dillon, politician; born 1851; M.P. Tipperary 1880-83 and East Mayo

1885-1915; died 192. 118 William O'Brien; bom 1852; editor of United Ireland; M.P. Mallow 1883;

established the 'Plan of Campaign'; died 1928.



Calendar of Archbishop Croke rs papers 127

Ireland and reiterates his condemnation of the 'No Rent Manifesto'; Latin. (1 p). 3. Bishop James Murray124 to same, Maitland, 19 April 1882; recommends a young priest, Rev. James Ryan, who is returning to Cashel after spending nine years in New South Wales. (2 pp). 4. Cardinal Simeoni to Croke, Rome, 5 May 1882; grants permission for a private oratory in the house of Mrs Power Lalor125 of Temple- tuohy, Co. Tipperary; the problem of finding a chaplain for Mrs Lalor will have to be fixed by Croke; Latin. (2 pp). 5. A 'confidential' Address of the archbishops and bishops to the clergy of Ireland, secular and regular, Dublin, 10 June 1882; printed; warns against introducing political and profane matters into their sermons; forbids attendance at public meetings without permission outside their own parishes; the Roman authorities are worried about the situation in Ireland and have asked the bishops to make their observations. (4 pp). 6. C. Gavan Duffy™ to Croke, London, 11 Aug. 1882; thanks Croke for sending him an account of 'that memorable conversa- tion';127 asks for further reminiscences, which he may use in his book; the year 1882 is the centenary of Irish Independence, yet it seems as if it is to pass without any commemoration; he (Duffy) hopes to visit Ireland 'for the last time' soon and will call to Thurles. (2pp). 7. James Keating to same, Cappamore, 10 Nov. 1882; his uncle, Rev. John Ryan,12^ of Golden, Co. Tipperary, has left money for the education of priests; the burse is to be in some Irish college; he would prefer Maynooth, as being financially stable; Rev. John Power of Cahirconlish considers that the Thurles College should have prior claims; he leaves the matter to Croke. (4 pp).

124James Murray, bishop of Maitland, N.S.W.; consecrated Dublin 14 Nov. 1865. 125Mary Frances Power Lalor; daughter of George Ryan, Inch House, Thurles;

married Edmund James Power Lalor in 1858 and was left a widow in 1873; died 1913. 126Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, statesman and author; born 1816; one of the founders

of the Nation and the Young Ireland party; emigrated to Victoria 1855, where he became prime minister and was knighted; returned to Europe 1880; died 1903; this letter written from 112 Sloane St.

127In 1848, when Duffy was in prison, Croke visited him and offered to take over the editorship of the Nation; Duffy now writes to Croke asking him for any memories he (Croke) may have of these former days, which he (Duffy) may use in his book My Life in Two Hemispheres.

128Rev. John Ryan was parish priest of Cappamore 1833-49; left Cappamore 1849 because his life was threatened by some local people; appointed parish priest of Golden, where he died 1875; the money in question £ 500, went to St Patrick's College, Thurles.




8. Same to same, Cappamore, 13 Nov. 1882; regarding the alloca- tion of the burse left by his uncle, he leaves the matter in Croke's hands, so long as it is an Irish college that benefits. (1 p). 9. Same to same, Cappamore, 25 Nov. 1882; makes some claims on his uncle's will, incurred in winding up his affairs; reckons JE6 would cover his expenses. (2 pp). 10. Rev. Michael Verdoni29 to same, Irish College, Rome, 25 Nov. 1882; the usual sum for burses in the Irish College, Rome, f625, is now much too small; owing to the rising cost of living, all future burses should be f 1000; it costs about f 31 a year to keep a student, as he must be maintained for twelve months of the year, not nine as in Maynooth. (4 pp). 11. A detailed account of all the Thurles Cathedral receipts, month by month, for the year 1882; total f 379.12s.8d. (4 pp). 12. John Henry Cardinal Newman to Mr Lilly,i30 ig Dec. 1882; offers a criticism of an article written by Lilly and commends him for his wide reading and good arguments; Lilly has taken too wide a field of discusision and his reasoning is not clear enough. (4 pp).

1883 1. Giovanni Cardinal Simeoni to Croke, Rome, 9 Feb. 1883; several letters have appeared in the Irish newspapers during the last month, signed by Archbishop Croke, on political matters; this has given much scandal; urges Croke to cease making such public pro- nouncements; Latin. (2 pp). 2. Rev. Edmund Ryan1^ to same, Solohead, 12 April 1883; the tower and spire of the church in Solohead are now nearly completed; it only remains to get the bell, which is already on order; trusts that Croke will come to the opening when all is ready. (2 pp). 3. Cardinal Simeoni to same, Rome, 14 April 1883; the pope has expressed a wish to speak with Croke about the affairs of church and state in Ireland; asks Croke to come to Rome as soon as he can; Latin. (1 p). 4. Same to same, Rome, 11 May 1883; a printed circular condemn- ing Parnell and forbidding the Irish clergy to promote or support the 'Parnell testimonial fund' .132 (i p).

129Michael Verdon, vice-rector of the Irish College, Rome; consecrated bishop of Dunedin, N.Z., 3 May 1896.

130W.S. Lilly, a young English Catholic author, a protégé of Newman; this letter found among Archbishop Croke's papers.

131Rev. Edmund Ryan, P.P. Solohead 1872-87. 132in his diary for 1883 Croke writes: 6was summoned to Rome re the Parnell

Testimonial Fund; had audience with Cardinal Simeoni and the pope and returned home with flying colours, having left Rome on Sat. 12 May.' (Diary, p.43); Croke was one of the originators of the fund, and sent Z 50 with a letter to the editor of Freeman's Journal, 17 March 1883.



Calendar of Archbishop Croke fs papers 129

5. Mgr T. Kirby to same, Rome, 26 June 1883; the Rev. A. Scully,1^ P.P. of Clerihan, has written asking for faculties to erect the con- fraternity of St Michael the archangel in his parish; he encloses the necessary rescript; the Irish bishops should issue a united statement on the Church in Ireland and its present difficulties. (3 pp). 6. A detailed list of money given away by Archbishop Croke out of his own resources, for either charitable, national or diocesan pur- poses, since coming to Thurles; dated 3 Oct. 1883; sums not less than C50: total amount f7999.10s.0d. (1 foolscap sheet). 7. Croke to T.D. Sullivan,^4 Thurles, 16 Nov. 1883; sends some documents by a friendly and patriotic priest; these are copies of letters which he sent to Propaganda Fide and to the Secretary of State (Cardinal Jacobini) at the time of the 'No Rent Manifesto' controversy; the *no renters' have played false with him (Croke); he has always been a 'fair renter'; asks Sullivan to make whatever use he likes of these documents when he gets to Chicago. (4 pp). 8. A Deed of Conveyance of lands and property, in the diocese of Auckland, N.Z., from Archbishop Croke to John Edmund Luck,135 archbishop of Auckland, N.Z., 1883: the nominal sum of 5/- was paid by Luck to Croke; details of property, with drawing and ex- planations, given; parchment. (5 pp foolscap).

1884 1. Edward Cardinal McCabe to Croke, Dublin, 20 Feb. 1884; asks Croke to come to Dublin to discuss a matter of importance; no details given. (2 pp). 2. Croke to Henry E. Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 28 Feb. 1884; sends him a MS136 written by one of the professors of St Patrick's College, Thurles, which was refused an imprimatur by Cardinal McCabe; it cannot be printed in Dublin; the author, Father Ryan, wishes to have it published in London; asks Manning to give it his imprimatur. (1 p). 3. Same to same, Thurles, 29 Feb. 1884; the book for which he has requested an imprimatur is, perhaps, a little patriotic, and was refused by Cardinal McCabe for this reason; thanks Manning for all the nice things he said about him (Croke) in Rome recently. (2 pp).

133Alexander Canon Scully, P.P. Clerihan, 1882-86; P.P. Hospital 1886-1915; the parish of Clerihan was dedicated from time immemorial to St Michael.

134See note 111 above; T.D. Sullivan was about to set off for America and had called to see Croke that morning.

135Archbishop John Edmund Luck, O.S.B., was consecrated 13 Aug. 1882. 136MS. of a small book entitled A Little Novena to St. Patrick.




4. Some biographical data concerning Rev. Edward Thomas O'Dwyer, who was ordained in Maynooth 1867; dated 3 March 1884. (2 pp). 5. Croke to Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 13 March 1884; gives his opinion of a certain Mr O'Cleary,1^ who wishes to represent Irish interests in the House of Commons, but who made a fool of himself some years ago in Enniscorthy, over Parnell; when he was in parliament he did not attend regularly; if he were prepared to amend his ways, Croke would give him support: he (Croke) has, in fact already spoken of O'Cleary to some of the heads of the Irish party. (4 pp). 6. Margaret F. Sullivan^s to Croke, Chicago, 24 March 1884; invites Croke to come to America for the laying of the foundation stone of the O'Connell Memorial Church; the American bishops are not united on the Irish Question; sends some document which is for Croke's eyes only. (5 pp). 7. Michael Davitt139 to same, Dublin, 6 May 1884; is grateful to Croke for the letter he wrote in the Freeman's Journal this same day; hopes to call to see Croke in Thurles; denies that he is in want; nothing but absolute inability to work will ever get him (Davitt) to consent to a testimonial; he intends going on a lecture tour. (4 pp). 8. Bishop Butler^o to Father Ryan, Limerick, 20 May 1884; regrets that he cannot accept his invitation, owing to a prior arrangement for avisitation the same day; no details given. (1 p). 9. Croke to an unnamed correspondent, 13 June, undated;141 gives a long apologia for not writing more pastorals; he is of the opinion that pastorals, especially when issued at the approach of Lent, are 'so much waste of paper'; he preaches a great deal; his people listen to him and heed his words, more than they would if he wrote lengthy pastorals; outlines his duties by way of confirmations, laying of foundation stones and opening churches, diocesan synods, etc. (4pp). 10. Michael Davitt to Croke, Dublin, 11 July 1884; recommends two friends of his, Drs Michael Cox and Joseph Kenny, one of whom he hopes will succeed Dr Lyons as consulting physician to Maynooth

137Keyes O'Cleary; born 1849; served with distinction in the papal zouaves 1867 and at Ponte Pio 1870; M.P. Co. Wexford 1876, but defeated 1880; died 1913.

138Not identified. 139Michael Davitt, M.P.; bom 1846; sent to prison for Fenian activities in Eng-

land; founder of the Land League 1879; died 1906. 140George Butler, bishop of Limerick 1864-86. 141This letter was probably written to Mgr Kirby, rector of the Irish College,

Rome; reference to the new archbishop of Sydney, Patrick Moran, who was appointed 1884.




College; he (Davitt) has postponed his Australian tour for a year, as Sexton142 and Redmond143 are going out there this year in the interest of the Parliamentary Fund. (4 pp). 11. Mother Magdalene of the Little Company of Mary to Croke, Nottingham, 12 July 1884; asks for a small donation towards their new convent; the nuns nurse the sick poor in their homes; owing to lack of space they have to refuse postulants. (4 pp). 12. Charles S. Parnell to John L. Egan, London, 3 Dec. 1884^44 thanks him for his letter, concerning a plan for improving the western coastline of Ireland; the select committee has already closed its meetings, so that it is too late to do anything about the matter; a MS note in margin of letter reads: 'I had it from many of our Irish M.P.s, that Mr Parnell was not in favour of my plan of peacefully and profitably providing for poor, or restoring our climate. J.L.E.' . (1 p). 13. Charles S. Parnell to Croke, London,14^ 18 Dec. 1884; the writ for the vacancy in Tipperary will soon be issued; asks if Croke would like him to take immediate steps to have the writ issued by the Speaker, or would it be better to delay matters until after parliament meets; can Croke recommend any suitable candidate?; the Irish party is growing in strength; if matters continue he hopes to lay the foundations of a wide and comprehensive scheme of local self-government. (3 pp). Attached to this is Croke's reply in the form of a telegram, asking Parnell to make his choice; his nominee will be supported. (1 p). 14. M. Cecil Donovan to same, London, 19 Dec. 1884; offers himself as a candidate for the vacant seat of Tipperary, to succeed P.J. Smyth; he (Donovan) has been in touch with Parnell and other members of the Irish party; he now lives in London, having spent from 1868 to 1880 in Australia, New Zealand and the South Seas; the prior14** of the Cistercian monastery at Roscrea is his cousin. (6pp). 15. James Kavanagh to same, Kildare, 20 Dec. 1884; Parnell has expressed his regrets at not meeting Croke at Kildare; he (Parnell) has been very ill of late, but hopes to be in Dublin after 12 Jan. 1885 and would like to meet Croke then; he (Kavanagh) hopes that Dr

142Thomas Sexton, M.P.; born 1848; joined staff of the Nation; died 1932. 143John Redmond, M.P.; born 1856; leader of the reunited Home Rule Party in

1900; died 1918. 144Letter signed by C.S. Parnell; written in another hand. 145Writing from the Irish Parliamentary Offices, Palace Chambers, 9 Bridge St.;

P.J. Smyth resigned as M.P. for Tipperary in Dec. 1884. 145Rev. Athanasius Donovan, the first superior of the Cistercian monastery of

Mount St Joseph's, Roscrea.




Walsh of Dublin will go as secretary to the Irish bishops in their delegation to Rome. (3 pp). 16. A bundle of letters from E. Dwyer Gray, Dublin,14? to Croke, undated; reference to the Tipperary election, the G.A.A. and Irish politics (16 pp).

1885 1. Croke to Cleveland,14^ Thurles, 3 Jan. 1885; a rather burlesque and amusing letter, relating to financial and other matters, making a joke of Cleveland's Russian alliance and his recent losses on a certain Metropolitan Railway Company. (4 pp). 2. John Henry Cardinal Newman to W.S. Lilly,14^ (no address), 7 Jan. 1885; sends New Year's greetings; offers further criticism of Lilly's recent publication; denies that he (Newman) ever read either Kant or Coleridge. (2 pp). 3. Croke to Bishop Herbert Vaughan,i50 Thurles, 24 Jan. 1885; acknowledges receipt of Vaughan's letter, inviting him to write an article for the April issue of the Dublin Review; Croke does not commit himself to do the article, but gives a detailed summary of his political views, especially on Home Rule; he is not a Separatist for 'however much I wish to see our country free and unfettered, mistress of its own destiny, I greatly fear that we should lose in religion and morality what we may gain in worldly wealth'; he is not disloyal to the Sovereign, though the Queen has treated Ireland badly; his main interest is in the settling of the Land and Education questions; he continues to outline his 'political confession' on a native parliament, etc. (4 pp). 4. A. O'Connor151 to Croke, Dublin, 3 Feb. 1885; sends a copy of the questions which the High Court wishes Croke to answer; gives advice how to answer the questions and which ones Croke may omit; attached is a copy of the original questionnaire. (2 pp of letter and 10 pp of questionnaire).

147Writing from Pembroke House, Upper Mount St; the editor and owner of the Freeman's Journal is either congratulating Croke on his general policies, or else seeking information which he may use in his paper.

h ypp

148The words 'Copyright reserved' in Croke's hand on top of letter suggests that the whole thing was a joke. Probably written to Stephen Grover Cleveland, president of United States of America 1885 to 1889, but never sent

149See note 130 above; this letter was found among Croke's papers; written and signed by Newman.

150Herbert Vaughan; born 1832; consecrated bishop of Salford 22 Oct. 1872; promoted to Westminister 29 March 1892; cardinal 1893; died 1903.

151Anthony O'Connor, solicitor; Croke was asked to give evidence in a case between Thomas Scratton and Cardinal McCabe relating to the Catholic University.




5. Croke to A. O'Connor, Thurles, 4 Feb. 1885; acknowledges receipt of documents on the Catholic University; denies that he is a member of any 'Episcopal committee'; explains why he has answer- ed only some of the questions, as he knows next to nothing about the affairs of the Catholic University, which he believes to be 'a name and nothing else'; attached is a copy of Croke's answers to the questionnaire. (2 pp of letter and 22 pp of questionnaire). 6. A. O'Connor to Croke, Dublin, 7 Feb. 1885; thanks Croke for the affidavit; sends a cheque for i 1.2s.6d. for expenses to pay a certain Mr Boyton of Clonmel, before whom Croke had to swear. (2pp). 7. Michael Davitt to same, Rome, 13 Feb. 1885 ;152 acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter and enclosures, which he got at Nice; he has delivered Croke's messages to Mgr Kirby and Father Glynn; gives the reaction in Rome to the death of Cardinal McCabe;153 it is said that Croke will succeed to the cardinalate; suggests that the Irish nationalist newspapers should begin a campaign to this end; Errington154 and others are perplexed by Davitt's visit to Rome. (8 PP). 8. Rev. William J. Walsh*55 to same, Maynooth, 14 Feb. 1885; sends details of the voting for the Dublin vicar-capitularship: he (Walsh) 12 votes; Donnelly 4; Lee 3; Kennedy 1. (1 p). 9. Same to same, Maynooth, 21 Feb. 1885; the article in the Freeman trying to put pressure on the priests is somewhat too strong and will give offence; gives his own views of how the voting will go for the terna; he expects about 40 or 44 of the total 64 votes will go for himself; the Nation has suggested that Croke's name be considered for the archbishopric of Dublin; the Tablet is a perfect blank and does not even mention Walsh's appointment as vicar-capitular. (3 PP). 10. Mgr T. Kirby to same, Rome, 26 Feb. 1885; sends Croke certain faculties; hopes that the Dublin election will give them a truly religious man. (2 pp). 11. Michael Davitt to same, Rome, 26 Feb. 1885; acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter; he has taken no steps as yet to obtain an

152Writing from the Albergo d'Amerique, via Babuino. 153He died on 11 Feb. 154Sir George Errington, M.P.; acted as agent for the British government on

several Roman missions; an Irish Catholic. 155William J. Walsh, president St Patrick s College, Maynooth, was appointed

vicar capitular on the death of Cardinal McCabe; provided to the See of Dublin 23 June 1885; consecrated in Rome 2 Aug. 1885; died 9 April 1921.




audience with the pope; they should ensure that a nationalist is elected for Dublin and at all events prevent the name of Bishop Donnelly156 being put up too high in the terna. (8 pp). 12. Rev. W.J. Walsh to same, Maynooth, 27 Feb. 1885; now that people are resigned to his (Walsh's) leaving Maynooth, he feels that the most useful position he could take up would be that of a representative in Rome; the Irish bishops should have a permanent representative there.157 (4 pp). 13. Michael Davitt to same, Rome, undated;158 refers to the article in last week's United Ireland on 'the last archbishop of the Pale';159 this may well prejudice the Vatican against the nationalist party viewpoint; William O'Brien ought to restrain his feelings; Abbot Smith160 has hinted that someone from abroad may be recalled in connection with the cardinate of Ireland; this could be Archbishop Patrick Moran of Sydney; he (Davitt) still has not had an audience with the pope. (4 pp). 14. Rev. W.J. Walsh to same, Maynooth, 3 March 1885; details the excellent postal arrangements in Ireland; a letter posted in Thurles Monday afternoon, reaches Maynooth by 8.45 that same evening; he (Walsh) believes that Mgr Kirby,161 the rector of the Irish College, will support him in Rome; Dublin is a very diffused diocese, with city and country priests having different outlooks; suggests getting the Australian bishops write to Rome in favour of a nationalist bishop for Dublin. (8 pp). 15. Same to same, Maynooth, 4 March 1885; more details of the Dublin election, giving the opinions of the provincial bishops on the matter; Don Giorgio Dillon162 is going to Rome and will be able to report back to Walsh; most of the Dublin priests believed that Bishop Donnelly would be appointed archbishop of Dublin auto- matically; invites Croke to Dublin for the Month's Mind of Cardinal McCabe. (4 pp).

156Titular bishop of Canea and auxiliary bishop of Dublin; consecrated 4 Nov. 1883; apparently he did not have nationalist sympathies.

157This position was usually held by the rector of the Irish College, Rome; Mgr Kirby served faithfully in this capacity for more than 40 years.

158Probablv the end of Feb. or beginning of March 1885. 159A reference to the late Cardinal McCabe. 160Bernard Smith, O.S.B., an Irishman, who was a member of the monastery of

St PaulVoutside-the walls in Rome; a friend of Sir George Errington; consultant to the Vatican on Irish, American and Eastern affairs; was probably the author of the anti-Parnellite circular sent to the Irish bishops in 1883.

161Lately consecrated titular archbishop of Ephesus. 162Mgr Giorgio Dillon, D.D.




16. Same to same, Maynooth, 6 March 1885; gives further views of the Dublin election, with special reference to the P.P.s and how they should vote; a meeting is to be held to decide on a suitable Memorial to Cardinal McCabe; asks if Croke will act as treasurer to the committee. (4 pp). 17. Same to same, Maynooth, 7 March 1885; Mgr Giorgio Dillon is bringing out a new book on Freemasonry; Walsh is worried about how he should vote at the meeting to choose a terna; he may vote for Croke, to put him on the list, not just to throw it away, or else vote for Rev. P.J. Tynan. (4 pp). 18. Michael Davitt to same, Rome, 7 March 1885; two priests from All Hallows had an audience with the pope yesterday and were asked their opinion of Rev. W.J. Walsh; the English faction in Rome is still hoping to get either Bishop Donnelly or Dean Neville appointed to Dublin; suggests that the Irish bishops write to the American bishops to support an Irish nationalist candidate for Dublin. (7 pp). 19. Rev. W.J. Walsh to same, Maynooth, 14 March 1885; remarks on the unpopularity of Lord Spencer;163 the coadjutor of Clonfert164 is indignant that his name is not on the list for Dublin; the meeting to collect for the late Cardinal was a great success and f 1067 was collected; he (Walsh) burns all letters from Croke when read. (8 pp). 20. Jeanie Myers Smyth165 to Croke, Kingstown, 16 March 1885; sends a copy of a pamphlet The Priest in Politics; 'every word in this little book is perfectly true; would to God it was listened to' . (15 pp of pamphlet; note on inside of cover). 21. Rev. W.J. Walsh to same, Maynooth, 20 March 1885; Cardinal Simeoni has written to Mgr G. Dillon asking him to come to Rome at once; there are reports that Rome may appoint an auxiliary bishop of Dublin; the curate of Little Bray166 is behind the whole thing. (4 pp). 22. Same to same, Maynooth, 31 March 1885; invites Croke to a meeting in Maynooth, which will be quieter than Dublin, where the visit of the Prince of Wales is due; some of the Dublin priests have been appearing on Land League platforms. (4 pp).

163John Poyntz Spencer was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1868-74 and 1882-85: he was removed from office June 1885.

164John Healy; provided as coadjutor to Clonfert with right of succession 26 June 1884; succeeded 15 Aug. 1896; translated to Tuam 13 Feb. 1903; died 16 March 1918.

165The pamphlet was written by her husband, the late P.J. Smyth, M.P. 166The Rev. James Healy.




23. Archbishop Croke's circular letter167 on the occasion of the visit of the Prince and the Princess of Wales to Dublin; they should be courteously received by all classes; no fanfares or jubilation; all they deserve is 'the charity of our silence' . (1 p). 24. Henry Cardinal Manning to Croke, Westminster, London, 1 May 1885; asks for news from Rome168 of 'our affairs' , as the papers give conflicting items of information; is anxious to be of help; Ireland has never been so well represented in Rome as at present. (2PP). 25. Croke to Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 7 June 1885; explains why it was that he did not call to see Manning when passing through London, on his way back to Ireland from Rome; he was so taken up with business while in London that he had not a moment to himself; there are rumours that the pope is about to appoint Archbishop Moran of Sydney to the See of Dublin; Moran is detested; when he (Croke) had his interview with the pope in Rome, the latter told him that he was pope 'not of Ireland alone, but of the universal Church'; this would seem to indicate that the pope was prepared to set Irish nationalists aside and to take the imperial side; asks Manning to convey these views to the proper quarters in Rome.169 (4 pp). 26. Cardinal Manning to Croke, London, 12 June 1885; acknowledges receipt of Croke's letter; he (Manning) has written to Rome as Croke suggests, to 'point out the danger of even seeming to be swayed from here' (i.e. London); if Croke and Parnell can prevent any more outrages in Ireland, it will help their cause. (3 pp). 27. Giovanni Cardinal Simeoni to Croke, Rome, 28 June 1885; official acknowledgement of Croke's Relatio status dicecesis, with comments on educational problems and on the cases of priests ordained by Croke for dioceses other than his own; Latin. (2 pp). 28. Rev. W.J. Walsh to Croke, Sunday morning, 1885 j1™ asks Croke's advice on some problem set him by Archbishop Kirby and Cardinal Simeoni.171 (4 pp). 29. Same to same, Maynooth, 30 June 1885; thanks Croke for his gift;172 states his own financial position; has no private source of

167Draft of a letter which was to be published in the daily newspapers. 168Croke received this letter in Rome, where he was on his adlimina visit; he spent

five weeks there, from end of April to beginning of June. (Diary, p.45). 169Croke is very outspoken in this letter, especially in one particular sentence: *I

really fear that the Irish people at home and abroad, will cease to believe in the impartiality, or to respect the person and office of the present PontifF.

170Probably 28 June; no address. 171The problem concerned Walsh's appointment to the See of Dublin and whether

he should be consecrated in Rome or not; Kirby and Simeoni were in favour of Rome. 172Croke sent him 1500.




income; Croke's gift will be of 'substantial help just now' .173 (5 pp). 30. Croke to Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 30 June 1885; rejoices that the Irish ecclesiastical crisis has come to a satisfactory ending; Lord Carnarvon174 will get fair play, although 'his Dublin Castle surroundings are as bad as bad can be'; it will be hard for him not to be contaminated; the archbishop-elect of Dublin175 goes to Rome to be consecrated. (3 pp). 31. Archbishop-elect Walsh to Croke, Maynooth, 3 July 1885; hopes to see 'the leader'176 while in London and discuss the question of fair representation for Catholics on all education boards and committees. (4 pp). 32. Same to same, Maynooth, 7 July 1885; he finds he will not require Croke's cheque; asks advice about expenses and tips when he is in Rome; he is still in favour of accepting a Roman post, as Irish representative, rather than the archbishopric of Dublin. (4 pp). 33. Croke to Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 14 July 1885; sends birthday greetings and encloses a birthday card. (1 p plus card). 34. Michael Davitt to Croke, Ballybrack, 16 July 1885; thanks Croke for his encouraging letter and trusts that he may always deserve the good opinion of Croke. (3 pp). 35. Archbishop-elect Walsh to Croke, Rome, 21 July 1885; he has been to see Cardinal Simeoni; had considerable difficulty in under- standing him 'in his mumbling way of talking'; he (Walsh) pointed out that Croke was the most loyal bishop in Ireland, but that political matters were inevitably mixed with religious affairs; at the request of the pope, the archbishop of Sydney177 is to be the con- secrating prelate on Sunday 2 August. (4 pp). 36. Same to same, Genazzano, 23 July 1885; has had a most satisfactory audience with Leo XIII; the Dublin appointment was the pope's own personal act and he insists that I accept it; the pope also mentioned the incorrect representations of Sir George Errington and others about Irish affairs; quotes the pope as saying 'I decided to see Errington no more'; the pope also spoke of establishing a permanent Irish representative in Rome. (8 pp). 37. Same to same, Rome, 6 Aug. 1885; he has dined with Cardinal Pecci and discussed Irish affairs; the Roman authorities want the

173In his Life of Archbishop Walsh, P.J. Walsh states that Walsh returned the E500 to Croke on 7 July, (op.cit. p. 167).

174Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon; appointed Lord Lieutenant 27 June 1885 and sworn in 30 June.

175William J. Walsh. 176C.S. Parnell. 177Patrick Moran.




Irish bishops to make some kind of Address to the pope as the Belgian bishops offered some time ago. (4 pp). 38. George Ryan178 to the Electors of Mid-Tipperary, Thurles, 23 Nov. 1885; his policy is to maintain the union of England and Ire- land, and to oppose Parnell; printed. (1 sheet). 39. A counter election Address, being an attack on George Ryan of Inch, and giving some amusing, as well as scurrilous reasons why he should not be elected for mid-Tipperary; the Address ends with 'Parnell for ever and down with the ragman of Inch' . (5 foolscap pp). 40. Cardinal Manning to Croke, Westminster, London, 21 Dec. 1885; an article in the Pall Mall Gazette, written by a Mrs H. Vincent, and critical of Croke, has come as a shock to Manning, as he introduced her to Croke; he apologises for the embarrassment caused to Croke. (3 pp). 41. Croke to Cardinal Manning, Thurles, 23 Dec. 1885; he thought that Mr and Mrs H. Vincent were a nice couple, and cannot understand what caused Mrs Vincent to round on him; he has written to the Pall Mall Gazette correcting the misrepresentation; he 'laughs at the whole affair'- and trusts that Manning will do likewise. (2 pp). 42. An account book, belonging to Archbishop Croke, giving details of expenses and balance sheet of the Irish College, Rome, for the year 1885; also of the pope's collection from Cashel diocese for the year 1890. (A bound book written on 9 pp). 43. John L. Egan™ to Charles S. Parnell, Shgo, 17 Dec. 1885; claims to have spent forty years studying soil and climatic conditions in Ireland; proposes a plan for improving conditions in the western seaboard district; suggests the formation of an Irish Land Reclamation Bank, using the surplus funds of the Church of Ireland as financial backing for the venture. (4 pp).

178Writing from Inch House. 179John L. Egan was a scientist, interested in improving the climate and soil in the

west of Ireland; he had very little regard for Parnell and addressed the letter as follows: 'Charles Stewart Parnell, M.P. Dictator* .



A Short-Title Calendar of the Papers of Archbishop Thomas William Croke in Archbishop's House,...

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