A Short Story of Military R&D

Military technology comes from Military technology comes from club to attack/defense robots by club to attack/defense robots by

Research and Development (R&D)Research and Development (R&D)Dr. György Seres DSc.Dr. György Seres DSc.

20032003

What’s different between What’s different between animal and human being?animal and human being?

What’s different between What’s different between animal and human being?animal and human being?

Only human being uses military Only human being uses military technologytechnology..

Military technology comes Military technology comes from club to attack/defense from club to attack/defense

robots by Research and robots by Research and Development (R&D)Development (R&D)

I show selections from I show selections from history history

of Military R&D for of Military R&D for illustrationillustration

SSelections from elections from history history

of Military R&Dof Military R&D

Attack toolsAttack tools

Version 1.0

Version 3.0 Version 4.0

Version 2.0

Beta version

VersionVersionss of clubs of clubs

Swords and Swords and sabressabres

Individual distance Individual distance shootingshooting

ArtilleryArtillery

BombsBombs


of Military R&Dof Military R&D Defensive tools and Defensive tools and vehiclesvehicles

DefensiveDefensive tools tools

VehiclesVehicles

Unmanned landUnmanned land, , undersea and undersea and

air combat vehiclesair combat vehicles



SystemsSystems

Air Defense SystemAir Defense System

Strategic Defense Strategic Defense InitiativeInitiative

( SDI or Star ( SDI or Star WWars)ars)



FutureFuture

““””The nature of modern The nature of modern warfare demands that we warfare demands that we fight as a joint team. fight as a joint team. …… Joint Vision 2010 provides Joint Vision 2010 provides an operationally based an operationally based template for the evolution template for the evolution of the Armed Forces for a of the Armed Forces for a challenging and uncertain challenging and uncertain future. future. …….”.”

John M. ShalikashviliChairman

of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

By US By US ArmyArmy

DigitDigitalal

battlefielbattlefieldd

By US Air By US Air ForceForce

„Air Force 2025”The The Air Force University Air Force University

conducted a study to identify conducted a study to identify the concepts, capabilities, the concepts, capabilities, and technologies the United and technologies the United States will require remainStates will require remaining ing the dominant air and space the dominant air and space force in the first quarter of force in the first quarter of the 21st century. the 21st century. The study was called Air The study was called Air Force 2025Force 2025..

Worldwide CWorldwide C44I I systemsystem

Virtual theatre of Virtual theatre of warwar

By NMD By NMD TeamTeam

The primary mission of National Missile The primary mission of National Missile Defense is defense of the United States (all Defense is defense of the United States (all 50 states) against a threat of a limited 50 states) against a threat of a limited strategic ballistic missile attack from a strategic ballistic missile attack from a rogue nation. rogue nation. Although intended to protect the United Although intended to protect the United States only, the proposed NMD system will States only, the proposed NMD system will not work without the use of radars in not work without the use of radars in Europe or in territories controlled by Europe or in territories controlled by European countries. European countries.

National Missiles Defense National Missiles Defense systemsystem ( ( NMNMD )D )

First First conclusionconclusion

Only two type ofOnly two type of weapons weapons were developed, against were developed, against

which which wasn’t effective defensewasn’t effective defense!!

Only two type ofOnly two type of weapons weapons were developed, against were developed, against

which which wasn’t effective defensewasn’t effective defense!!

ClubClub Nuclear weaponNuclear weapon

&&

Defensive tool against Defensive tool against clubclub was frightful mask was frightful mask

onlyonly

The SDI was planned as The SDI was planned as defensive tool against defensive tool against

nuclear weaponnuclear weaponIt hasn’t beenIt hasn’t been realizedrealized,, but as a but as a

result result the USSR collapsedthe USSR collapsed

II developed a model developed a model for study of Military R&Dfor study of Military R&D,, like an old modellike an old model creatorcreator

Universal model Universal model of military systemsof military systems

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy

PurposeMilitary systemEnvironment

Requirements, conditions

Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

Command, neighbours,

logistics, etc.

Geographical, meteorological,

daytime, etc.

Attack, defense Alliance, national armed forces, branches, etc.

Universal model Universal model of military systemsof military systems

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

Purpose of military systemPurpose of military systemss must be determined by friendly must be determined by friendly

environmentenvironment

Victory, destroying,occupation, defense, etc.

… or threat, deterrent, extortion,

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

But purpose can be But purpose can be determinatedeterminatedd also also by neutral by neutral


Surviving a desert or sea storm, etc.

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

And purpose can be And purpose can be determinate also by enemy determinate also by enemy


Retreat, etc.

Second Second conclusionconclusion

R&D mission: to reach all the R&D mission: to reach all the purposes of military systempurposes of military systemss

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

Retreat, etc.

Victory, destroying,occupation, defense, etc.

Surviving a desert or sea storm, etc.

R&D mission: to reach all the R&D mission: to reach all the purposes of military systempurposes of military systemss

… or threat, deterrent, extortion,

Third Third conclusionconclusion

One of main goals of R&D: One of main goals of R&D: to decrease danger for human in to decrease danger for human in

combatcombat

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities


combatcombat

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

by increasing radius of attack by increasing radius of attack toolstools

Technology


combatcombat

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

by increasing effectiveness of defense by increasing effectiveness of defense toolstools


combatcombat

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy



Organization

Human

Technology

Survival

Result

Capabilities

by automationby automation

Computer


combatcombat

Fourth Fourth conclusionconclusion

The ultimate goal of R&D: to make military The ultimate goal of R&D: to make military systems capable to reach its purpose without systems capable to reach its purpose without

human participationhuman participation



Organization

Computer

Capabilities

Military robot

Human

Technology

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy

Human

Survival

Result

The ultimate goal of R&D: to make military The ultimate goal of R&D: to make military systems capable to reach its purpose without systems capable to reach its purpose without

human participationhuman participation

Fifth conclusionFifth conclusion

Role of technology in armed Role of technology in armed combat:combat:

contact two adverse systemscontact two adverse systems

Friendly

Neutral

EnemyTechnology

Human

OrganizationSurvival

Result

Organization

Human

TechnologySurvival

Result

Reconnaissance

Strikes

Role of technology in armed Role of technology in armed combat:combat:

contact two adverse systemscontact two adverse systems

If somebody If somebody remembersremembers

On the firstOn the first ROBOTWARFARE ROBOTWARFARE conference inconference in 2001 I presented a 2001 I presented a

modelmodel like thislike this

Z

Zv

Zo

Vt

Vv

C B

ARMED COMBAT SYSTEMRt

Rv

Vo OBJECT

ATTACKER

DEFENDER

Iv

IIk

Io

On the firstOn the first ROBOTWARFARE ROBOTWARFARE conference inconference in 2001 I presented a 2001 I presented a

modelmodel like thislike this

Z

Zv

Zo

Vt

Vv

C B

ARMED COMBAT SYSTEMRt

Rv

Vo OBJECT

ATTACKER

DEFENDER

Iv

IIk

Io

ARMED COMBAT AS A SYSTEMARMED COMBAT AS A SYSTEM

• TThe he AttackerAttacker against against the the ObjectObject and it and it’’s s DefenderDefender are relatedare related in combat as close as two subsystems in combat as close as two subsystems of a big-systemof a big-system..

• ResourcesResources of the combat-activity of the combat-activity (R(Rtt or R or Rvv)) are the are the inputsinputs,, and the and the losses (Vlosses (Vtt or V or Vvv and V and Voo)) are the are the outputsoutputs..

• TThe he relationshiprelationship between between thethe components are components are:: – reconnaissancereconnaissance (I or C)(I or C) – and strikesand strikes (Z or B)(Z or B). .

• Consequently, the two subsystems formConsequently, the two subsystems form an an independent big-system, independent big-system, which is the Armed which is the Armed Combat System itselfCombat System itself as such.as such.

ThisThis model includes all model includes all specificsspecifics of a cybernetic of a cybernetic systemsystem, , and that’s why we and that’s why we are able toare able to analyzeanalyze CombatCombat with with adequateadequate andand rich cybernetic tools.rich cybernetic tools.

The basic ideas of my Armed The basic ideas of my Armed Combat model are the Combat model are the

followings:followings:

Reviewing the past:Reviewing the past: I put I put some questionsome questionss for myself for myself

in 2003in 2003• When two When two armed forcesarmed forces did did reallyreally

engageengage using comparableusing comparable military military technology?technology?– 1975, in Vietnam1975, in Vietnam WarWar!!

• Which two antagonistic Which two antagonistic superpowers had comparable superpowers had comparable military technology, and when?military technology, and when?– USA and USSR in 1991!USA and USSR in 1991!

That’s why I try: how does my That’s why I try: how does my new model worknew model work if technology if technology

level of two systemlevel of two systemss isn’t isn’t comparablecomparable??

Fifth conclusionFifth conclusion

Friendly

Neutral

EnemyTechnology

Human


Result

Organization

Human

TechnologySurvival

Result

Reconnaissance

Strikes

Armed combat, Armed combat, if technology level isn’t if technology level isn’t

comparablecomparable

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy

Survival

Result

Reconnaissance

Strikes

Armed combat, Armed combat, iif technology level isn’t f technology level isn’t

comparablecomparableKamikaze Kamikaze

typetypeTechnology

Human

Organization

Organization

Human

TechnologySurvival

Result

Organization

Human

Technology

Technology

Human

Organization

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy

Survival

Result

Survival

Result

Reconnaissance

Strikes


comparablecomparableYugoslaviYugoslavi

a typea type

Friendly

Neutral

Enemy Technology

Human


Result

Organization

Human

TechnologySurvival

Result

Reconnaissance

Strikes


comparablecomparableGuerilla Guerilla

typetype

If somebody If somebody remembersremembers

On the secondOn the second ROBOTWARFARE ROBOTWARFARE conference inconference in 2002 I formulated 2002 I formulated

a question:a question:

How can we compare How can we compare different input and output different input and output parameters of the Armed parameters of the Armed

Combat System?Combat System?

My answer was:My answer was:

… … and the and the proposedproposed value-model value-model of the Armed Combat System wasof the Armed Combat System was

K(Vt)

K(C+B)

ARMED COMBAT SYSTEMK(Rt)

ATTACKER

DEFENDER

K(I+Z)

K(Rv) K(Vv)

Where:Where:

•K(RK(Rtt),), K(RK(Rvv) – ) – material and moral valuematerial and moral value of resources of resources

•K(VK(Vtt),), K(VK(Vvv) – ) – material and moral valuematerial and moral value of losses of losses

•K(I+Z),K(I+Z), K(C+B) – K(C+B) – material and moral valuematerial and moral value used for used for getting information or for strikes resources getting information or for strikes resources

Reviewing the past:Reviewing the past: I put I put aa question for myselfquestion for myself in 2003in 2003WWhat hat doesdoes the phrasethe phrase „MATERIAL AND „MATERIAL AND

MORAL MORAL VALUEVALUE” ” meanmean for terroristfor terrorist organizationsorganizations??

Reviewing the past:Reviewing the past: I put I put aa questionquestionss for myself for myself in 2003in 2003WWhat hat doesdoes the phrasethe phrase „MATERIAL AND „MATERIAL AND

MORAL MORAL VALUEVALUE” ” meanmean for terroristfor terrorist organizationsorganizations??

That’s why I try: how does my That’s why I try: how does my new model worknew model work, , if military if military

system is a terrorist system is a terrorist organizationorganization??

Sixth Sixth conclusionconclusion

Human

Survival

Strikes

Friendly

Neutral

EnemyTechnology

Human


Result

Role of technology Role of technology in terrorist systemsin terrorist systems

Reconnaissance

Friendly

Neutral

EnemyTechnology

Human


Result

Human

Survival

Reconnaissance

Strikes

A special case of state terrorism is A special case of state terrorism is the coup, when military system has the coup, when military system has

itsits own goalown goal

Ultimate Ultimate conclusionconclusion

This model of military systems is This model of military systems is universal, because it is suitable for universal, because it is suitable for

study :study :

This model of military systems is This model of military systems is universal, because it is suitable for universal, because it is suitable for

study :study :• any level of military systemsany level of military systems• coherence among human, technology and coherence among human, technology and

organization subsystemsorganization subsystems• influence of different purposes for military influence of different purposes for military

systemsystemss• armed combat, if technology level of sides armed combat, if technology level of sides

isn’t comparableisn’t comparable• rrole of technology inole of technology in terrorist military terrorist military

systemsystem

Dr. György SeresDr. György Seres

[email protected]

http://www.jata.org/drseres/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.jata.org/drseres/

A Short Story of Military R&D

Technology

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