A Seminar On

Networks and Networking

Presented By,Nagashree C

Tumakur UniversityTumakuru

CONTENTS

Introduction

Meaning and Definition

Need of Networking

Types of Network

Application of Networks

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

A computer network or simply a network is a collection of computers and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information.

Computer network and technologies that make communication between networked computers possible continue to drive computer hardware, software and peripheral industries.

Cont…

The scope of communication has been increasing significantly in the knowledge era.

The expansion of related industries is mirrored by growth in the numbers and types of people using networks, from the researcher to the home user.

Meaning and Definition A Network can be defined as a group of

computers and other devices connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange the data.

“A combination of computer hardware, cabling, network devices, and computer software used together to allow computers to communicate with each other”.

The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites or infrared rays and so on.

Need of NetworkingFile sharing: Networking of computers

helps the network users to share data files.

Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM drives, hard drives, etc. Without computer networks, device sharing is not possible.

Application sharing: Applications can be shared over the network, and this allows implementing client/server applications.

Cont..User communication: Networks allow

users to communicate using e-mail, newsgroups, and video conferencing etc.

Network gaming: A lot of network games are available, which allow multi-users to play from different locations.

Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a revolutionary change in telecommunication which allows to send telephone calls (voice, data) using the standard Internet Protocol.

Types of Networks

◦Personal Area Network(PAN)

◦Storage Area Network (SAN)

◦System Area Network (SAN)

◦Local Area Network (LAN)

◦Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

◦Wide area Network (WAN)

◦Wi-Fi Wireless Connection

Personal Area Network (PAN)A PAN is a network that is used for

communicating among computers and computer devices (including telephones) in close proximity of around a few meters within a room.

It can be used for communicating between the devices themselves, or for connecting to a larger network such as the Internet.

A personal Area network can be wired or Wireless.

Cont…

PAN is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and digital assistants in proximity to an Individual’s body.

Ex: Send Documents to the printer in the office upstairs.

Storage Area Network (SAN)  A Storage Area Network connects

multiple servers and storage devices on a single network.

A storage area network is any high performance network whose primary purpose is to enable storage devices to communicate with computer systems and with each other.

Many organizations operate perfectly viable SANs that carry occasional administrative and other application traffic.

Cont…

Uses of SAN Network Better disk utilization Better availability of applications A good solution for multiple

applications To make the better usage of serves A better recovery for a single

application

Cont…

Limitations Precautions must be taken to

prevent unintentional access to the storage devices.

Data corruption caused by unintended access to the storage.

System Area Network It Connects high performance computer

with high speed connections on a Cluster Configuration.

It is also known as Cluster Area Network Provides a reliable, connection-oriented

transfer between two endpoints. provide very high-speed, low latency

access to information that is stored in single or multiple databases.

System area networks (SAN) are high-performance, connection-oriented networks that link computer clusters.

System Area Networks deliver very high bandwidth (more than 1 GB/second) with very low latency.

A SAN is typically used to interconnect nodes within a distributed computer system, such as a cluster.

SANs provide bulk data transfer through a Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) mechanism.

Local Area Network (LAN)A LAN is a network that is used

for communicating among computer devices, usually within an office, building or home.

LAN enables the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users.

It is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a mile.

cont…

The speed ranges from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps

Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device.

Lower cost compared to other connections.LAN may be wired or wireless.Every LAN uses a set of rules that governs

how packets are configured and transmitted.

Cont…

Advantages of LANSpeedCostSecurityEmailResource SharingDisadvantages of LANExpensive to installRequires administrative installFile server may fileCables may break

Metropolitan Network (MAN)

A MAN is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.

A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.

A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations.

Cont…

High speed network to allow sharing of regional resources.

It covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter.

Ex: Telephone Company network

Advantages of MAN networkMAN are that it provides a good

backbone for a large network and provides greater access to WANs.

A Man usually encompasses several blocks of a city or an entire city.

Disadvantages of MANMore cable required for a man

connection from one place to another.

The larger the network becomes difficult to manage.

It is difficult to make the system secure from hackers and industrial and geographical regions.

Wide Area Network

Multiple LAN’s are connected together using devices such as bridges, routers or gateways which enable them to share the data.

The world’s most popular WAN is the internet.

Advantages of WANCover large Geographical area. Shares software and resources with

connecting various workstations.Shares information/data over large

areas.Messages can be sent very quickly to

anyone else on the network.

Disadvantages of WANComparatively Expensive.Need a good firewall protection

to restrict from outsiders.Security is a real issue when

many different people have the ability to use information.

Information may not meet local needs or interests.

Wireless TechnologyWireless technology has helped

to simplify networking by enabling multiple computer users to simultaneously share resources in a home or business without additional or Intrusive wiring.

These resources might include a broadband Internet connection, network printers, data files, and even streaming audio and video.

Advantages of Wi-FiAdvantages of WIFIConvenience: The wireless nature of such

networks allows users to access network resources from nearly any convenient location within their primary networking environment.

Mobility: With the emergence of public wireless networks, users can access the internet even outside their normal work environment.

Productivity: Users connected to a wireless network can maintain a nearly constant affiliation with their desired network as they move from place to place.

Cont…Deployment: Initial setup of an

infrastructure-based wireless network requires little more than a single access point.

Expandability: Wireless networks can serve a suddenly-increased number of clients with the existing equipment.

Disadvantages of Wi-FiSecurity: To combat this

consideration, wireless networks may choose to utilize some of the various encryption technologies available.

Range: The typical range of a common network with standard equipment is on the order of tens of meters.

Cont…Reliability: Like any radio frequency

transmission, wireless networking signals are subject to a wide variety of interference, as well as complex propagation effects that are beyond the control of the network administrator.

Speed: The speed on most wireless networks (typically 1-54 Mbps) is far slower than even the slowest common wired networks (100Mbps up to several Gbps).

Applications of NetworksInformation sharing: The depth of

knowledge and experience from a group of people can be staggering. Networking will provide many opportunities to ask questions and receive feedback.

Connections: information-sharing, joint ventures, partnerships, and even needs for services.

Cont…Promotion: Whether promoting yourself

or your organization, having a large network may assist you in moving your career forward, promoting a new product launch, or driving new members to your organization.

Credibility: Improving your reputation and finding support are also benefits of networking. If you are successful at networking, you might get a reputation for being a person people will want to talk to and get to know.

Cont…Self Esteem: Making new friends

and socializing is an important aspect of our human nature. Developing new relationships leads to higher self esteem and confidence.

ConclusionThe best known computer

network is the internet. Computer network support applications such as access to the world wide web, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, use of email and instant messaging applications and so on…

Thank you

Any Questions..???