A SAMMINAR ON ELECTRICL TRANSMISSION LINE .
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Transcript of A SAMMINAR ON ELECTRICL TRANSMISSION LINE .
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ASAMMINAR ON
ELECTRICL TRANSMISSION LINE
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CONTENTS• 1. Introduction• 2. Types of using transmission line• 3. Classification of transmission line• 4. Component of transmission line• 5. Constants of transmission line• 6. Effects on transmission line• 7. Voltage regulation of transmission line• 8.Transmission efficiency
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1. INTRODUCTION
General transmission line: a closed system in which power is transmitted
from a source to a destination
A two conductor wire system with the wires in close proximity, providing relative impedance, velocity and closed current return path to the source.
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2. TYPES OF USING TRANSMISSION LINE
1. Supply types of transmission line are using1. AC transmission line2. DC transmission line2. Construction type transmission line3. Overhead head transmission line4. Under ground transmission line
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AC Transmission line
1. Single Phase AC system
>single phase two wire system
>single phase two system with mid point earthed>single phase three wire system
2. Three Phase AC system>three phase three wire system>three phase four wire system
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DC Transmission line• DC system1. DC two wire system2. DC two wire system with mid point
earthed3. DC three wire system
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Construction type transmission line
Over head transmission line Under ground transmission line
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSMISSION LINETransmission line are classified in three category1. Short transmission line:- If the shunt capacitance of transmission line can be neglected for the
purpose of performance analysis of transmission line and the length of the transmission line up to 80 km. and having low voltage range is 20kv to 30kv.
2. Medium transmission line:- the T.L. in which capacitance can be assumed to be only at one or
two point and length greater then 80 km. and less then 200 km. and transmission having high voltage 100kv or 150 kv.
3. Long transmission line the T.L. in which capacitance is assumed to be distributed uniformly
over the length of T.L. and the T.L. length greater then 200 km. and the voltage range is up to 150 kv.
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4. COMPONENT OF TRANSMISSION LINE
• Supports• Conductor • Insulators• Cross arm and clamps• Fuses and isolating switches• Phase plates• Danger plate• Miscellaneous Items
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Supports
• Wooden poles• Steel poles• Rain forced cement
concrete poles• Lattice steel towers
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Conductors
1. Commonly used conductora. Copperb. Aluminiumc. Steel cored aluminiumd. Galvanised steele. Cadmium copper2.Stranded conductors
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insulators1.Pin type2.Shackle type3.Suspension type4.Post type5.Strain type6.Stay type
Cross arm and clamps
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5. CONSTANT OF TRANSMISSION LINE
Types of constant
• Resistant • Capacitance• Inductance
Circuit Diagram of T.L. constant
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6. EFFECT ON TRANSMISSION LINE
1.Corona effect:- it is the phenomena of ionization of air near the conductor surface in which hissing
noise, violet glow, ozone production is observed near the conductor.Factor affecting of coronaa. Atomsphereb. Size of conductorc. Spceing between conductorsd. Line voltage
2. Skin effect:- it is the phenomena associated with current in conductors with portion of the
conductor at the center is maximum magnetic flux linkage with associated due to which the effective resistance at the center of the conductors is as compare to the
surface therefore AC current flow on the surface of the conductors this phenomena is known as skin effect.
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Factors affecting of skin effecta. Types of conductor materialsb. Frequencyc. Diameter of conductord. Shape of conductor
3.Proximity effect:- Inductance and current distribution in a conductor is also affected by presence of
other conductor in its vicinity. This effect is known as proximity effect.
Factors affecting of proximity effecte. Conductor sizef. Frequencyg. Reistivityh. Relative permeability of materials
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7. VOLTAGE REGULATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE
The percentage voltage regulation of the transmission line is defind as the ratio of potential difference between the sending end voltage and receiving end voltage by the voltage of receiving end voltage
% voltage regulation = ((Vs – Vr)/Vr) *100
where Vs = magnitude of sending end voltage Vr = magnitude of receiving end voltage
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8. TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY The transmission efficiency is the ratio of power delivered by
transmission line to the load at receiving end to the power send from sending end voltage.
% ɳ = (power delivered to load) /(power delivered to load + losses)*100
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