A Review on Construction Quality Management - … · A Review on Construction Quality Management...

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 03, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

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A Review on Construction Quality Management

Dharmendra Singh Devra1 Deepak Garg

2

1Resident Engineer

2M.E. Scholar

1,2Department of Applied Mechanics

1Scott Willson

2Laxmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal

Abstract— Today's development industry requires a

framework by which nature of development can be resolved.

Today the entire world is in effect extremely focused in

created nations as well as in creating and immature nations.

Indian economy is quick creating economy in entire world.

In India, development commercial enterprises are assuming

essential part to create India. Presently a-day's in

development commercial ventures huge as well as little

development organizations are exceptionally aggressive and

numerous organizations are making a decent attempt to

fulfill their client's necessities as well as where conceivable

surpass them. This must be accomplished through expense

diminishment, change in Quality, expanded consumer

loyalty and a consistent exertion towards world class

associations. With the goal organizations should survive and

develop later on, it is fundamental that they convey top

notch development and administrations. Those that can

convey quality are the ones that will flourish in the

following forthcoming years. In this venture a study and

overview is done on Construction Company of Bhopal to

check their nature of construction. 30 real estate companies

construction sites is visited and their construction quality is

done.

Key words: Construction, Quality, Real estate

I. INTRODUCTION

The entire world discuss the Quality and Quality

Construction, however we generally disregard the essential

idea of Total quality i.e. quality that begins before we begin

any new venture and stays till to finish life cycle of the

undertaking. When we discuss the TQM then there are three

distinct words.

The Indian development industry as contrasted and

Construction Company of created nations is being seen as

one with low quality accentuation contrasted with different

parts like, the assembling and administration segments.

Downright quality administration (TQM) is progressively

being embraced by development organizations as an activity

to take care of value issues in the development business and

to address the issues of the client constantly. TQM can

possibly enhance business results, more noteworthy client

introduction and fulfillment, specialist inclusion and

satisfaction, group working and better administration of

specialists inside of organizations. Be that as it may,

development firms have been ceaselessly battling with its

usage. The usage of a TQM inside of the association obliges

a social change and its being perceived as a critical part of

aggregate quality advancement.

In India for the most part enormous development

organizations as of now begin usage and practice of TQM in

their association yet there is parcel of work is staying to do

TQM, yet there is all that much extension and firmly

prerequisite of TQM framework execution into the little

development commercial enterprises, in light of the fact that

in India little development businesses make extensive job to

the populace and income for the Government. When we talk

the execution of TQM in little development Total Quality

Management is clearly a valuable theory for administration

if legitimately utilized and actualized. It was a complete

achievement in Japan and numerous different associations

outside Japan have utilized Total Quality Management

rehearses effectively.

In this manner, the primary article for this

undertaking is to demonstrate that we can accomplish ideal

execution of Total Quality Management hones through well

thoroughly considered out examination into Total Quality

Management writing by combining, sorting out and

organizing this awesome abundance of Total Quality

Management information in an important manner and

offering proposals for ideal usage of Total Quality

Management through a thorough assessment of the case

association. Later on the examining of execution of TQM in

little development commercial enterprises this venture

likewise concentrates on the effect of TQM on Construction

Company by grouping.

Construction quality is always remain a question.

Whenever we talk about construction, quality is always

remain a problem. If we see real state companies in India,

they are facing a tuff competition because price of

construction is increasing day by day so, rate of house or

flats are also increasing and which goes out of reach of

common man. To reduce the cost of the construction real

estate companies gear down the quality of construction.

Construction cost is largely depends upon on materials

which is used for construction. This material quality decides

the quality of construction. Material quality is checked by

the different test performed on it. In this paper a survey

report is presented which conducted on 30 real estate

Company’s site located in Bhopal and survey contain that

material which is used in construction are tested or not.

II. COLLECTION OF DATA

Many sites and companies was visited and 30 companies

was responded. We meet the top management people and

site engineer where we ask them whether they are test

material or not. A check list is prepared for different

material where test is mentioned according to that check list

survey is done. Informational data is collected by site in-

charge, visited sites information is collected, information is

totally based on a particular test is conducted or not. A

proper data is collected by the surveyor and proper

documentation is done. The test which performed on

material are given in table below.

S.

No. Material Material Test

1 Bricks

water absorption test

compressive strength test

check for efflorescence


(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 03/2015/230)


2 Coarse

Aggregate

grading of coarse aggregate

(seive analysis)

3 Fine

Aggregates

Silt Content

Moisture Content

Sieve Analysis

4 Cement

Setting Time

Strength Test

Soundness Test

5 Concrete Workability Slump Cone

Test compressive strength test of

Cube

6 Steel

check for diameter & weight

check for yield strength

check for elongation

7 Water chloride test

sulphate test

8 Admixture used or not

Table1: Material Quality Test

III. ANALYSIS OF DATA

To manage the construction quality of any project, there is

need to perform some test on building materials so that

construction will be of good quality. This is excellent way to

manage quality of construction and give costumer a quality

construction. Analysis of survey according to material is

given below in table 2 to 9 and graph 1 to 26.

A. Bricks:

S.

No.

Material brick

Site Name Material Description

Material Test

Water Absorption

Test

Compressive

Strength Test

Check For

Efflorescence

1 Site 1 (Kolar) Fly ash bricks Yes Yes No

2 Site 2 (Kolar) Red & fly ash bricks Yes Yes No

3 Site3 (Kolar) Red bricks Yes Yes No

4 Site 4 (Kolar) Red bricks Yes Yes No

5 Site 5 (Kolar) Red & fly ash bricks Yes Yes No

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) Red bricks Yes Yes No

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) Red & fly ash bricks Yes No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) Red bricks Yes No No

9 Site 9 (Mandideep) Red & fly ash bricks Yes No No

10 Site 10

(Mandideep) Red bricks No Yes No

11 Site 11

(Mandideep) Red bricks No Yes No

12 Site 12 (Katara) Red bricks Yes Yes No

13 Site 13(Katara) Red bricks Yes Yes No

14 Site 14 (Katara) Red bricks Yes Yes No

15 Site 15 (Katara) Fly ash bricks Yes Yes No

16 Site 16 (Katara) Red bricks No Yes No

17

Site 17

(Hoshangabad

road)

Red bricks Yes Yes No

18

Site 18

(Hoshangabad

Road)

Red bricks Yes No No

19

Site

19(Hoshangabad

Road)

Red bricks No Yes No

20

Site

20(Hoshangabad

Road)


21

Site 21

(Hoshangabad

road)


22 Site 22(Ayodhya

Bypass Road) Red bricks Yes yes yes

23 Site 23(Ayodhya

Bypass Road) Red bricks yes yes no

24 Site 24(Ayodhya Red & fly ash bricks no no no




Bypass Road)

25 Site 25(Ayodhya

Bypass Road) Fly ash bricks yes yes no

26 Site 26 (Ayodhya

Bypass Road) Red bricks yes yes yes

27 Site 27(Ayodhya

Bypass Road ) Red bricks Yes No No

28 Site 28 (Karond) Red bricks No Yes No

29 Site 29 (Karond) Red bricks No Yes No

30 Site 30 (Abbas

Nagar) Red bricks Yes Yes No

Table 2: Report Test Performed on Bricks on Sites

Graph 1: Report Test performed on bricks on Sites.

Graph 2: Report Water Absorption Test performed on

Bricks on Sites.

Graph 3: Report Compressive Strength Test Performed On

Bricks On Sites.

Graph 4: Report Efflorence Test Performed On Bricks On

Sites.

B. Coarse Aggregate:

S. No.

Material Coarse aggregate

Site Name Material Description Material Test

Grading of coarse aggregate (sieve analysis)

1 Site 1 (Kolar) 20 mm & 40mm size No

2 Site 2 (Kolar) 20 mm & 40mm size No

3 Site3 (Kolar) 20 mm size No

4 Site 4 (Kolar) 20 mm size Yes

5 Site 5 (Kolar) 20 mm size Yes

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) 20 mm size Yes

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) 20 mm size No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) 20 mm & 40mm size No

9 Site 9 (Mandideep) 20 mm & 40mm size No



12 Site 12 (Katara) 20 mm size Yes

13 Site 13(Katara) 20 mm size Yes




14 Site 14 (Katara) 20 mm size Yes

15 Site 15 (Katara) 20 mm & 40mm size No

16 Site 16 (Katara) 20 mm size No

17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) 20 mm size Yes

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) 20 mm size No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) 20 mm size No

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) 20 mm size No

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) 20 mm size Yes

22 Site 22(Ayodhya Bypass Road) 20 mm size No

23 Site 23(Ayodhya Bypass Road) 20 mm & 40mm size No

24 Site 24(Ayodhya Bypass Road) 20 mm size Yes

25 Site 25(Ayodhya Bypass Road) 20 mm size No

26 Site 26 (Ayodhya Bypass Road) 20 mm size Yes

27 Site 27(Ayodhya Bypass Road ) 20 mm & 40mm size Yes

28 Site 28 (Karond) 20 mm size No

29 Site 29 (Karond) 20 mm size Yes

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) 20 mm & 40mm size No

Table 3: Report Test performed on Aggregate on Sites.

Graph 5: Report Grading of Course Aggregate Performed on

Sites.

Graph 6: Report Grading of Course Aggregate Performed on

Sites

C. Fine Aggregates:

S.

No.

Material Fine aggregate

Site Name Material

Description

Material test

Silt

Content

Mositure Content &

Bulking

Sieve

Analysis

1 Site 1 (Kolar) Medium & fine sand No No No

2 Site 2 (Kolar) Medium & fine sand Yes No Yes

3 Site3 (Kolar) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

4 Site 4 (Kolar) Medium & fine sand Yes Yes Yes

5 Site 5 (Kolar) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) Medium & fine sand Yes Yes Yes

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) Medium & fine sand No No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) Medium & fine sand No No No




12 Site 12 (Katara) Medium & fine sand No Yes Yes

13 Site 13(Katara) Medium & fine sand No No No

14 Site 14 (Katara) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

15 Site 15 (Katara) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

16 Site 16 (Katara) Medium & fine sand No No No

17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) Medium & fine sand No Yes Yes




18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) Medium & fine sand No No No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) Medium & fine sand No No No

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) Medium & fine sand No No Yes

22 Site 22(Ayodhya Bypass

Road) Medium & fine sand No No No


Road) Medium & fine sand Yes No Yes


Road) Medium & fine sand Yes No Yes


Road) Medium & fine sand Yes Yes Yes

26 Site 26 (Ayodhya Bypass

Road) Medium & fine sand No Yes No


Road ) Medium & fine sand No No No

28 Site 28 (Karond) Medium & fine sand No No No

29 Site 29 (Karond) Medium & fine sand Yes No Yes

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) Medium & fine sand Yes No Yes

Table 4: Report Test Performed on Fine Aggregate on Sites.

Graph 7: Report Test Performed on Fine Aggregate on Sites.

Graph 8: Silt Content Test Performed on Fine Aggregate On

Sites.

Graph 9: Report of Moisture Content Test Performed on

Fine Aggregate on Sites.

Graph 10: Report Sieve Analysis of Test Performed on Fine

Aggregate on Sites.

D. Cement:

S.

No.

Material Cement

Site Name Material

Description

Material test

Setting Time

Test

Strength

Test

Soundness

Test

Any Other

Test

1 Site 1 (Kolar) PPC & OPC No No No No

2 Site 2 (Kolar) PPC & OPC Yes Yes No No

3 Site3 (Kolar) PPC & OPC No Yes No No

4 Site 4 (Kolar) OPC Yes Yes No No




5 Site 5 (Kolar) PPC & OPC No No No No

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) PPC & OPC Yes Yes No No

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) PPC & OPC No No No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) PPC & OPC No No No No

9 Site 9 (Mandideep) OPC No No No No



12 Site 12 (Katara) OPC Yes Yes No No

13 Site 13(Katara) PPC & OPC No Yes No No

14 Site 14 (Katara) PPC & OPC No No No No

15 Site 15 (Katara) PPC & OPC Yes No No No

16 Site 16 (Katara) PPC & OPC Yes Yes No No

17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) OPC Yes Yes No No

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) PPC & OPC No No No No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) PPC & OPC No No No No

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) PPC & OPC No No No No

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) PPC & OPC No No No No


Road) PPC No No No No






Road) PPC Yes Yes No No


Road) PPC No Yes No No


Road ) PPC Yes Yes No No

28 Site 28 (Karond) PPC & OPC No No No No

29 Site 29 (Karond) PPC & OPC No Yes No No

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) PPC & OPC No Yes No No

Table 5: Report of Test Performed on Cement on Sites.

Graph 11: Report of Test Performed on Cement on Sites.

Graph 12: Report of Strength Test Performed on Cement on

Sites.

Graph 13: Report Soundness Test Performed on Cement on

Sites.




Graph 14: Report of Other Test Performed on Cement on

Sites.

E. Concrete:

S.

No.

Material ==> concrete

Site Name Whether RMC

Used

Material

Description

material test

Workability

Test Cube Test

Slump Cone Compressive

Strength

1 Site 1 (Kolar) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

2 Site 2 (Kolar) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

3 Site3 (Kolar) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

4 Site 4 (Kolar) Yes M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

5 Site 5 (Kolar) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) Yes M20 & M25 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) No M20 grade No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

9 Site 9 (Mandideep) No M20 grade No Yes; 28 days

10 Site 10 (Mandideep) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

11 Site 11 (Mandideep) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

12 Site 12 (Katara) Yes M20 & M25 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

13 Site 13(Katara) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

14 Site 14 (Katara) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days


days


days

17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) Yes M20 & M25 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) No M20 grade No No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) No M20 grade No Yes;7 days & 28

days

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days


Road) No M20 grade Yes

Yes;7 days & 28

days



Yes;7 days & 28

days



Yes;7 days & 28

days


Road) Yes M20 grade Yes

Yes;7 days & 28

days



Yes;7 days & 28

days


Road ) Yes M20 grade Yes

Yes;7 days & 28

days

28 Site 28 (Karond) No M20 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days




29 Site 29 (Karond) No M30 grade Yes Yes;7 days & 28

days

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) No M20 grade Yes No

Table 6: Report of Test Performed on Concrete on Sites

Table 15: Report of Workability Test performed on

Concrete on Sites

Graph 16: Report of Workability Test Performed on

Concrete on Sites

Graph 17: Report of Compressive Strength Test Performed

on Concrete on Sites

F. Reinforcement:

S.

No.

Material Reinforced Steel

Site Name Material

Description

Material Test

Check for Diameter

& Weight

Check for Yield

Strength

Check for

Elongation

1 Site 1 (Kolar) HYSD bars Yes No No


3 Site3 (Kolar) Tor steel bars Yes No No


5 Site 5 (Kolar) HYSD bars No No No

6 Site 6 (Salaiya) HYSD bars Yes No Yes

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) HYSD bars No No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) HYSD bars No No No




12 Site 12 (Katara) HYSD bars Yes Yes No

13 Site 13(Katara) HYSD bars Yes No No

14 Site 14 (Katara) HYSD bars Yes No No

15 Site 15 (Katara) HYSD bars Yes No No

16 Site 16 (Katara) HYSD bars No No No

17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad

road) HYSD bars Yes No Yes

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad

Road) HYSD bars No No No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad

Road) HYSD bars Yes No No

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad


21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad HYSD bars Yes No No




road)




Road) HYSD bars Yes No Yes








Road ) HYSD bars No No No

28 Site 28 (Karond) HYSD bars No No No

29 Site 29 (Karond) HYSD bars No No No

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) HYSD bars No No No

Table 7: Report of Test Performed on Reinforcement on Sites

Table 18: Report of Test Performed on Reinforcement on

Sites

Graph 19: Report of Diameter and Weight Test Performed

on Reinforcement on Sites

Graph 20: Report of Yield Strength Test Performed on

Reinforcement on Sites

Graph 21: Report of Elongation Test Performed On

Reinforcement on Sites

G. Water:

S. No.

Material Water

Site Name Material Description

Material test

Chloride Test Sulphate Test

1 Site 1 (Kolar) Borewell water No No


3 Site3 (Kolar) Borewell water No No



6 Site 6 (Salaiya) Borewell water No No

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) Borewell water No No

8 Site 8 (Misrod) Borewell water No No







12 Site 12 (Katara) Borewell water No No

13 Site 13(Katara) Borewell water No No




17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) Borewell water No No

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) Borewell water No No

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) Borewell water No No

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) Borewell water No No

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) Borewell water No No

22 Site 22(Ayodhya Bypass Road) Borewell water No No




26 Site 26 (Ayodhya Bypass Road) Borewell water No No

27 Site 27(Ayodhya Bypass Road ) Borewell water No No

28 Site 28 (Karond) Borewell water No No

29 Site 29 (Karond) Borewell water No No

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) Borewell water No No

Table 8: Report of Test Performed on Water on Site

Graph 22: Report of Test Performed on Water on Site

Graph 23: Report of Chloride Test Performed on Water on

Site

Graph 24: Report of Sulphate Test Performed on Water on

Site

H. Admixture Used:

S.

No.

Material Admixture

Site Name Whether Any Admixture

Used Detail & Purpose

1 Site 1 (Kolar) Yes Water proofing admixture

2 Site 2 (Kolar) Yes neeto bond for joints

3 Site3 (Kolar) Yes water proofing admixture &neeto bond






6 Site 6 (Salaiya) Yes Seeka admixture for strength & water proofing

admixture

7 Site 7 (Mandideep) No _

8 Site 8 (Misrod) Yes Water proofing admixture

9 Site 9 (Mandideep) Yes Water proofing admixture



12 Site 12 (Katara) Yes Water proofing admixture

13 Site 13(Katara) Yes Water proofing admixture




17 Site 17 (Hoshangabad road) Yes Water proofing admixture

18 Site 18 (Hoshangabad Road) No _

19 Site 19(Hoshangabad Road) Yes Water proofing admixture

20 Site 20(Hoshangabad Road) Yes Water proofing admixture

21 Site 21 (Hoshangabad road) Yes _


Road) Yes Water proofing admixture


Road) Yes Water proofing admixture


Road) Yes _


Road) No _


Road) No Water proofing admixture


Road ) Yes _

28 Site 28 (Karond) Yes _

29 Site 29 (Karond) Yes Water proofing admixture

30 Site 30 (Abbas Nagar) Yes Water proofing admixture

Table 9: Report of Admixture Used

Graph 25: Report of Admixture used on Site

Graph 26: Report of Admixture used on Site

IV. CONCLUSION

By the current study and survey it has been observed that

very few companies are performing test on materials and

proper quality of the material is not checked. There are few

test which performed some materials like concrete but water

and reinforcement are not tested for their quality.

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[4] Evans, J., & Lindsay, W. (1993). The management

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[5] Beaumont, N.B., Sohal, A.S., &Terziovski, M.

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inthe Australian service and manufacturing

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[6] Dean, J.W., & Bowen, D.E. (1994). Management

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