A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean
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Transcript of A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean
A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean
Reflection and analysisSeptember, 2012
A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in
Latin America and the Caribbean
INDEX
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (LA&C)
2. THE RESPONSE OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS ON MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND REFUGE IN LAC
3. REFLECTIONS ON THE OUTCOME OF THE INTERNAL MAPPING
4. MAJOR INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE EXTERNAL MAPPING
5. CONCLUSIONS: STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND POSSIBLE AREAS OF COLABORATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (LA&C)
FIRST PART
Our region is a mosaic of all forms of migration. Many contrasts exist in the countries conforming it:
Most of the countries are mainly sources of migrants.
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile are mainly countries of reception.
Some other countries, like Mexico, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic, are simultaneously, countries of origin, transit and destination of migrants.
In some subregions of the area, such as the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), there are countries with a reasonable level of integration of migration policies.
There are borders, such as the US Southern border with Mexico, with uncontrollable porosity and increasing complexity and violence.
Fenced Borders, such as the Northern Border of Mexico with the U.S.
There are constitutions that recognize universal citizenship and free transit (Ecuador) vs legislation which denies nationality by ius solis (Dominican Republic).
FIRST PART
Main structural causes of migration:
POVERTY VIOLENCE WEALTH INEQUALITY
NATURAL DISASTERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
FIRST PART
United States72%
Intraregional11%
Spain9%
Canada2%
UK1%
Japan1% Other
4%
Main destinations of migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean (2009)
Source: International Migration in Latin America Research Project (IMILA-Celade)
FIRST PART
Paraguayans, Bolivians, and
PeruviansArgentina
Peruvians, Bolivians, and Ecuadorians
Chile, Brazil
Colombians
Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama,
Brazil
Main destinations of intra-regional migrants
Nicaraguans Costa Rica
Guatemalans Mexico
Haitians Dominican Republic,
rest of the Caribbean
Dominicans Puerto Rico
Main destinations of intra-regional migrants
Common Migration Trends:
From 2005 to 2010 a third of the young
people of the region emigrated.
Increasing participation of female
migrants
Increase of qualified migration, mostly
women.
The importance of remittances as the
main source of income for millions of families
Increasing vulnerability of undocumented
migrants
Major regional challenges
Urge social and economic policies (equitable development models) that create conditions to reduce migration.
Enforcement of migrants’ human rights regardless of their immigration status.
Decoupling of the economic concept of irregular migration from national security categories and, instead, link it with human development.
Promotion of immigration policies that respect the right to migrate regularly and encouragement of humane and dignified integration of those who currently are forced to do so irregularly.
Strengthening of refugee status of the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the 1967 Protocol, including in it the contributions of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration.
Fostering in societies and states in the region a culture of hospitality in order to humanize the processes of reception and integration of immigrants and refugees.
More vulnerable migration flows in LAC
The plus of vulnerability in Haitian flow: lack of government and social institutions.
DISPLACEMENT IN NUMBERS (2011)
• An estimated total of 5'445 406 PSD (according Codhes) between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2011.
• ANNUAL HISTORICAL since 20052005: 310.2372006: 221.1872007: 305.9662008: 380.8632009: 286.3892010: 280.0412011: 250.146
Municipality with the highest expulsion rate:
Buenaventura: 18.233
From the Colombian flow: the blurring of such prolonged armed conflict.
The Colombian refugees 2010Currently, Colombia is the main country of origin of refugees in the Western Hemisphere and the sixth in the world.
COUNTRY TOTAL PNPI
PEOPLE WITH THE REFUGEE
STATUS SOLICITANTS
UNITED STATES
59 753
33 455 ?
CANADA 15 511 ?
COSTA RICA 10 276 ?VENEZUELA 180.000 15 000 50 000PANAMA 15.000 1 328 14.604
ECUADOR 135.000 53 342 792
TOTAL 389 753 128 912 65.396
Pict
ures
by
Toni
Arn
au
Transit through Mexico and the U.S. border: the Continent's most dangerous route.
The walls of the US-Mexican border
Where are we going
Towards restrictive immigration policies (despite opening in some legislation of countries in the South) that increasingly limit the immigration of citizens from poorer countries (cases: Haitians in DR, Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, Dominicans in Puerto Rico ... );
Towards setting organizations and civil society groups more coordinated and articulated demand that their individual states and regional organizations (OAS, UNASUR.) greater protection and respect of human rights of migrants and refugees;
Towards the implementation of neoliberal development policies (of extractive type) that affect the environment and cause massive displacement of vulnerable populations (indigenous, black, rural);
Towards the consolidation of smuggling and trafficking networks across the continent.
THE RESPONSE OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS ON MIGRATION,
DISPLACEMENT AND REFUGE IN LAC
SECOND PART
The JRS-LAC asked the CPAL to address migration (1999)
The JRS International preferred that the work was made by two different institutions (2002)
F. Kolvenbach asked the CPAL to seek to merge the JRS y JMS (2006)
The 35th GC decided JRS to continue focusing in the atention of refugees and displaced people (2008).
The Chairman of the CPAL asked for a proposal for articulation of both institutions in LAC (2010)
The different discussions to define the liaisons of the JRS – JMS in LAC
Reasons not to merge the JRS and JMS, but rather create a unity between the difference through a Network
Keep JRS mandate and
its international
character.
Avoid reinforcing the tendency to
obscure the refugee situation and movement to
blur the international refugee law.
Respect the global and
lasting character of migration,
and the targeted and transitional nature of refuge
and displacement.
Estimates based on current organizational dynamics
In the face of a comprehensive global phenomenon, we must respond in an interprovincial and intersectoral way.
The CPAL is the body that allows the Provincials to have a common vision, take care of the mission of the Society of Jesus beyond the borders of their individual Provinces, and provide the required comprehensive responses.
SECOND PART
As a priority of the CPAL, our work with migrants, refugees and displaced persons must be seen as an interprovincial and intersectoral apostolate. Not as an unique work of JRS or JMS, or social sector.
The organization of this ministry is to be determined by the nature and trajectory of human mobility flows in LAC and not by our own provincial structures.
Estimates based on current organizational dynamics
SECOND PART
SECOND PART
América Latina y el Caribe
ECU
PAN
COL
HTI
VEN
Management Team
SJR INT. CPAL
I
D
A P
C
SECOND PART
Quito
Colombia
SJR Internacional CPAL
SJR LAC
Oficina NacionalBogotá
Soacha
RED SJR - SJM
Ecuador Panamá Venezuela Haití
Oficina NacionalQuito
Oficina NacionalCiudad de Panamá
Oficina NacionalCaracas
Buenaventura
Barrancabermeja
Cúcuta
Nariño
Nueva Loja
San Lorenzo
Esmeraldas
Carchi
Tulcán
Ciudad de Panamá
Darién: Puerto Pina y Jaqué
Colón
Zulia
Guasdualito
El Nula
Táchira
7 campamentos en Puerto Príncipe
Contexto Urbano
Fronteras
Eje Pacífico
About us:
Southern Sub-region
CANA Sub-region Colombian Sub-region
Caribbean S
ub-region
SECOND PART
Caribbean Sub-region
MAIN GOAL
Providing unity, consistency, and effectiveness to the Society's commitment to migrants, displaced persons, and refugees in Latin America and the Caribbean .
SECOND PART
Promoting and defending the human rights of the more vulnerable migrants, refugees and displaced and their families, through the social and pastoral care, research, training, advocacy and promotion of their own organizations
Addressing the structural causes that give rise to these human mobilizations.
Helping our region and its societies to think and assume social transformations brought by migration, displacement and refuge.
External specific objectivesSECOND PART
Sensitizing the Jesuits of Latin America and the Caribbean of the situation of migrants, refugees and displaced persons and the Society's commitment to give a comprehensive and continental response as apostolic body.
Promoting the work with refugees, migrants and displaced persons in all the apostolic sectors of the Society of Jesus in Latin America and the Caribbean and to articulate and promote the activities already being undertaken at the national, subregional and regional levels
Linking this CPAL network with their counterparts from other conferences of the Society of Jesus and with other initiatives and civil and church networks around human mobility.
Internal specific objectivesSECOND PART
• Internal displacement due to the armed conflict.
• The flow of people seeking refuge in Panama, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
a) The Colombian sub-region
Migration flows that we have prioritized
SECOND PART
• The Central American flow through Mexico towards the U.S.
• The Mexican flow towards the U.S., including the border crossing in both Nogales.
b) The CANA sub-region
Migration flows that we have prioritized
SECOND PART
c) The Caribbean sub-region:
The Haitian flow toDominican Republic, the U.S., Canada, Venezuela and South America.
Migration flows that we have prioritized
SECOND PART
d) The Southern sub-region
Migration flows that we have prioritized
The Bolivian, Ecuadoran, and Peruvian flow towards Chile.
The Haitian flow through Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil.
SECOND PART
1) Partnerships to strengthen border Interprovincial work a) Three borders project: Peru, Chile and Bolivia b) The Apostolic Interprovincial Region Colombia-Venezuela c) The Interprovincial work California and Mexico: Kino Border Iniciative.
2) Cooperation interconference agreement on migration US-CPAL: MIGRATION in the AMERICAS
Cooperation agreementsSECOND PART
REFLECTIONS ON THE OUTCOME OF THEINTERNAL MAPPING
THIRD PART
Magdalena Sofía de la Peña Padilla
Internal Mapping Data
CPAL
87 records
19 Latin American countries
2 AXES
INTERPROVINCIAL
INTERSECTORAL
Territorial logic depending on the
nature and history of migration flows
Allows comprehensively
address the issue of migration, through
apostolic activity that includes four dimensions.
THIRD PART
Internal Mapping Data
MAPPING CATEGORIES
SUB-REGIONS
• CANA• CARIBBEAN• SOUTH• COLOMBIA
AND BORDERING COUNTRIES
TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS
• Universities• Social
Sector’s Institutions
• Jesuit Parishes
• Civil organizations
CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE
• Migrants• Displaced• Refugees /
Asylees• 2nd
Generation
THIRD PART
Internal Mapping Data
MAPPING CATEGORIES
TOPICS / PROBLEMS ADDRESSED
• Structural causes• Border• Dismissal /
deportation• Labor rights• Housekeeping workers• Family• Human Rights/ Access
to citizenship• Social Integration /
Cultural diversity• Immigration reforms• Migration and
development• Other
AREAS OF INTERVENTION
• Relevant publications• Research• Legal• Case documentation• Lobbying• Organization of social
movements• Human rights
campaigns• Mass Media• Social awareness• Other
LEVEL OF IMPACT
• Local• National• International
THIRD PART
The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE
AN OVERALL LOOK
Differentiated presence of each subregion in terms of number of countries that conform it and the number of institutions involved.
CANA with almost half of the records and 39% of the countries.
Of Social Sector (39= 47%) Of Educational Sector (15 = 18%) Of Pastoral Sector (23 = 28%)
Civil Organiza-tions (4 = 5%)
TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS:
THIRD PART
Migrants (48 institutions) Only Colombia doesn’t report work with migrants.
Second generation (22) Dominican Republic, more in this line of work.
Refugees (12) 9 countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Chile, Peru, Mexico-US, Nicaragua.
Displaced (8) 2 countries: Colombia, Haiti.
Type of people served:
Sociopolitical conjucture and/or environmental phenomena continue to generate new movements to which we must be vigilant, increasing
displaced, deportees and returnees.
The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLETHIRD PART
TOPICS IN WHICH WE ARE WORKING:
The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE
05
101520253035
2429
12
19
12
25
31 30
2219 19
N°
Insti
tutio
ns
THIRD PART
Structu
ral C
ause
s
B
order
topics
D
ismiss
al, dep
ortatio
n
Lab
or rights
House
keep
ing worke
rs
Fam
ily
Human
Rights
/ Citin
zensh
ip
Social In
tegrat
ion / …
Other
Migrat
ion and dev
elopmen
t
Lobbyin
g
AREAS OF INTERVENTION:
The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE
Publicaciones relevantes
Investigación
Legal
Documentación de casos
Lobbying político
Movilización social
Campañas de DDHH
Medios de comunicación
Sensibilización social
Otros
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
20
24
18
20
23
13
19
22
37
12
N° Institutions
Lobbying
Other Social Awareness
Human Rights Campaigns
Mass Media
Social Movements
Case Documentation LegalResearch
Relevant Publications
Local (47 institutions) National (30) International(18)
Demand of local requirements leaves little room to develop regional and subregional initiatives.Those working at the international level are some of the social sector institutions and universities.
TERCERA PARTE The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE
LEVEL OF IMPACT:
Conference of Latin American Provincials: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
• Work in four dimensions:
1. Social action and humanitarian help.
2. Research.
3. Training.
4. Social and public advocacy.
THIRD PART
For purposes of this analysis, the work has been distinguished by thetype of institution reported:
The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
EducationalSector
SocialSector
Pastoral SectorCivil
Organizations
THIRD PART
The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
Institutions of Educational and Social Sector work with 4 categories of people while the Pastoral Sector Parishes only report activities with first and second generation.
Institutions of Social Sector only serve displaced and deported people.
CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE:
THIRD PART
The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS:
SOCIAL SECTOR INSTITUCIONS:
Social integration and cultural diversity
Human Rights and citinzenship
Border topics FamilyLess reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers
EDUCATIONAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONS:
Structural causes Border topics Migration Policies Migration and development Human Rights / CitizenshipLess reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping wokers
THIRD PART
THE CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS:
PASTORALSECTOR
PARISHES:
Social integration and cultural diversity
Family OtherNot reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers- Migration and development- Labor rights- Migration Policies
RELATED CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS:
Human Rights and access to citizenship
Social integration and cultural diversity
Family
Not reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers- Migration and development
THIRD PART
The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
AREAS OF INTERVENTION:
SOCIAL SECTOR INSTITUCIONS :
Social awareness Mass media Lobbying Research / Campaigns International AdvocacyLess reported:- Legal- Organization of social
movements.
EDUCATIONAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONS :
Research Publications Social awareness International Advocacy
Less reported:- Mass media- Organization of social
movements.
THIRD PART
The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE
AREAS OF INTERVENTION :
PASTORALSECTOR
PARISHES :
Social awareness Other
Less reported:- Report few items.
RELATED CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS:
Legal Case documentation Human Rights Campaigns
Less reported:- Report few items.
THIRD PART
Development of analysis and perspectives on immigration
status.
Comparative study on migration laws in different
countries.
Development of guidance for migrants on a given route.
Preparing a report on violations committed during
deportations.
THIRD PART
Areas of sub regional collaboration.
MAJOR INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE EXTERNAL MAPPING
FOURTH PART
External Mapping Data
GLOBALLY
• International Labour Organization / ILO
• Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants (UN)
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees/ UNHCR
• International Organization for Migration / IOM
• World Trade Organization / WTO
IN THE AMERICAS
• Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• Rapporteurship on Migrant Workers and Members of their Families/IACHR
• United States Congress
• United States Department of Labor
IN LAC
• Regional Conference on Migration/ CRM
• South American Conference on Migration / CSM
• South American Nations Union / UNASUR
INSTITUTIONS TO MAKE IMPACT IN:
FOURTH PART
External Mapping Data
GLOBALLY
• Justice and Peace• Caritas Internationalis• Scalabrini International
Migration Network• Franciscans International• International Catholic
Migration Commission
IN THE AMERICAS
• Conference of Latin American Bishops/ Justice and Solidarity/ Human Mobility Section
• Conference of Latin American and the Caribbean Religious / CLAR
• United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
ALLIED CHURCH INSTITUTIONS
FOURTH PART
External Mapping Data
GLOBAL
• World Social Forum on Migrations (WSFM)
• Amnesty International
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
In LA and C
• Civil Organizations for Migrations Regional Network/ (RROCM)
• Andean Immigration Network/ RAM
• Latin American Association of Radio Education/ ALER
• The Cry of the Excluded Continental
In the U.S.
• Center for Justice and International Law/ CEJIL
• National Alliance of Latin America & Carribbean Communities / NAALAC
• Interamerican Platform of Human Rights, Democracy and Development / PIDHDD
• WOLA
ALLIED CIVIL INSTITUTIONS OF THE AMERICAS
FOURTH PART
CONCLUSIONS
FIFTH PART
STRENGTHS
Being a continental, interprovincial, and inter-sectoral network organized by the nature and pattern of human mobility flows.Having a membership of 15 out of 20 Latin American and 3 out of of 13 of the Caribbean countries.Being able to give a global and comprehensive response.Addressing the most vulnerable flows in LAC of migrants, refugees and displaced persons, in different proportions.Work experience and development locally in 12 out of the 18 countries where we operate.Having a collaboration agreement with the U.S. Conference and already being articulated with the JMS-Spain.Being articulated with JRS and GIAN.
FIFTH PART
Strengths, weaknesses and opportunities
WEAKNESSES
Being too absorbed by local requirements, which gives no room for regional initiatives.
Having uneven development at the subregional levels, Provinces and dimensions.
Having an unstable staff and structure.
Having a yet poor institutionalization: Lack of normative and strategic plan, logo, etc.
Have not yet generated joint actions and projects at the regional and subregional levels.
Lacking of a forum for regional decision without neglecting the local.
Lacking of adequate financing.
Failing to make the Provinces of Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Paraguay to develop a ministry with migrants.
Not giving special attention to women and children, deported and returnees.
Not responding to the Cuban migration situation.
Strengths, weaknesses and opportunitiesFIFTH PART
OPPORTUNITIES
We count with the overall disposition of collaboration with our network from other networks of LAPC: of Colleges (AUSJAL), of Schools (FLACSI), of Faith and Joy Federation (FFyA) and of Christian Life Communities (CVX).
We have made contact with other organizations and Church and Civil networks, working with migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean, with presence in countries or zones where we aren't yet.
We have identified other Organizations, Church and Civil Networks working with migrants in the United States, Canada and globally to make contact with, to increase the work and the scope of our Network in benefit of the most vulnerable migrant and displaced people.
We will conduct this workshop which will allow real intercontinental connection and communication and project the development of a comprehensive and global answer on migration from the Society of Jesus.
Strengths, weaknesses and opportunitiesFIFTH PART
Exchange of information and
experiences.
Geopolitical analysis of migration.
Raising awareness with the jesuits about the
human mobility situation and the need
to answer integrally and globally as Society of
Jesus.Helping our societies to think
and assume social transformations brought by migration, displacement and
refuge.
The comparative study about
reintegration in their countries of origin, of deported people and
people returning freely.
The creation of migration observatories in the
routes or borders of great risk for migrants.
Denouncing the effects of economic politics of extraction of natural
resources in population movements.
Defending migrants’ human rights mainly
of minors and women.
Protecting migrant housemaids workers.
FIFTH PART Possible or Desirable areas of collaboration.
A LOT TO DO,BETTER
POSSIBILITIES…