Concepts and Foundations of Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing Definition.
A Remote Sensing Sampler
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Transcript of A Remote Sensing Sampler
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A Remote Sensing A Remote Sensing SamplerSampler
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Typical reflectance Typical reflectance spectraspectra
Remote Sensing Applications Consultants - http://www.rsacl.co.uk
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Even within a class of materials there are differences in spectral signatures
Nahum Gat (1998)
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Near surface remote sensing in Pinedale, Wyoming - sensor is seeing a combination of vegetation and soils and how that changes through the season
NDVI = NIR – R/NIR + R
(Prihodko, Chong, Steltzer and Shory, unpublished data)
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Some sensors acquire two or three
bands within the spectrum, and some
acquire hundreds
LASP/Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder
NASA
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Sensors operate at different spectral, spatial and temporal scales
1m – Quickbirdhttp://www.spaceimaging.com
10m ~SPOT 30m ~TM
250m ~MODIS
500m ~MODIS
1Km ~AVHRR
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Four Mile Fire, Boulder County, Colorado – September 2010High-resolution (sub-meter) DigitalGlobe images
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1990 2000
Greeley, Colorado
GeoCover (GLCF 2005)
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Landsat TM
June 23, 1990
Landsat MSS
August 15, 1973
Landsat ETM+
September 20, 2002
Landsat ETM+
June 27, 2006
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MODIS images with statewide greenness standardized across years, showing declines due to killed trees, which appear red in the high resolution image.
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Percent Ground CoverVegetation Continuous Field (MODIS MOD44B) – 250m
Hansen, M., R. DeFries, J.R. Townshend, M. Carroll, C. Dimiceli, and R. Sohlberg (2006), Vegetation Continuous Fields MOD44B, 2001 Percent Tree Cover, Collection 4, University of Maryland, College Park,
Maryland, 2001.
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Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices
NDVI – AVHRR
R. Boone, using AVHRR Pathfinder NDVI
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Sea Surface Temperature, May 2001 - MODIS
NASA Science Earth
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City Lights (DMSP City Lights (DMSP program)program)
Nighttime Lights of the World: 1994-95 Christopher D. Elvidge http://sedac.ciesin.org/gpw-v2/presentations/ChrisElvidge/nightCD/world95.html
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Nighttime Lights data also shows regions of high fire activity
White – human settlement Green – gas flaresRed – ephemeral lights (fires) Blue – fishing boats
Nighttime Lights of the World: 1994-95 Christopher D. Elvidge http://sedac.ciesin.org/gpw-v2/presentations/ChrisElvidge/nightCD/world95.html
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MODIS Burned Area Product (500m)Blue – July
Green – JanuaryRed - June
http://modis-fire.umd.edu/index.html
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MODIS Active Fire Product – Four Mile Canyon Fire
The MODIS instrument on NASA’s Aqua satellite captured this natural-color image of the fire at 2:40 p.m. local time on September 7, 2010. The red outline corresponds with the unusually high surface temperatures associated with an active fire. Credit: NASA/MODIS: http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/fourmile-canyon-fire.htmlhttp://modis-fire.umd.edu/Active_Fire_Products.html
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EOS (Earth Observing System) AQUA satellite –AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)
http://airs.jpl.nasa.govVariations in the height of a surface representing a constant
value of water vapor during the summer and fall of 2005. This water vapor surface is highest in the tropics where vapor amounts are largest.
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Shuttle Radar Topography Missionof 2000
More than 80% of the earth’s elevations measures
30 m resolution in US
90 m resolution elsewhere
Galapágos Islands
(Boone 2010)
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http://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/010707co.htmlhttp://modis-snow-ice.gsfc.nasa.gov/
MODIS Snow Cover – Colorado January 2007image courtesy of NASA's Earth Observatory.