A Remote Sensing and GIS approach to trace the Densification in Residential Areas

Valliappan AL

Assistant Professor,

School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada,

India. Date:11/03/2015

What is Densification?

The increased use of space both horizontally and vertically within existing

areas/ properties and new developments accompanied by an increased

number of units and/or population thresholds.

Incremental densification refers to small-scale densification which is almost

invisible, e.g. the subdivision of a residential property or the construction of a

second dwelling.

Dwelling unit density

Number of dwelling units per hectare (du/ha).

Population density

Number of people per hectare (usually calculated by multiplying the number

of units by an appropriate average household size).

The number of dwelling units per hectare(includes all infrastructure)

Nett du/ha.

FORMS OF DENSIFICATION

• Consolidation with redevelopment at higher densities including the

demolition and integration of existing structures

• The extension of the building or adding on of floors to accommodate an

increased number of units

• Subdivision of land and redevelopment at higher densities

• Higher density infill on vacant and under- utilized land throughout the built

area of the City

ADVANTAGES OF RE-DENSIFICATION

Reduces the consumption of valuable/non-renewable Resources

Facilitates economic opportunities and supports service provision

Improves housing patterns and choice of housing type

Contributes to urban place-making and improves safety

DEHRADUN URBAN

AGGLOMERATION

DISTRICT

DEHRADUN MUNCIPAL

CORPORATION

City Profile: Dehradun

78O 00’E to 780 15’ E and 30015’N to 30025’N

Total Population :5,69,578

Estimated Number of H/H: 1,16,000

Average Household Size: 4.7

Total number of wards:

Governing bodies: Municipal Corporation of Dehradun and Mussorie

Dehradun Development Authority.

STUDY AREA PROFILE:

The study area comprised of 250 mt. buffer region along both side of

kalidas road. The study area is located in north-eastern part of Dehradun.

Approximate Area:15 ha.

Falls in the ward no. 6 and 7

Length of the Kalidas road is 1.5 Km.

Land use as per master plan: Residential

Estimated Population of the study area: 2000

Total number of dwelling units: 350

Gross Residential density:50 du/ha

Average Size of plots: 2000 sq.m

Kalidas Road and Its

surroundings

Hathi Barkala

Area

Indian Institute

of Remote

Sensing

Kalidas Road

Justification of the Study Area:

The study area has observed dynamic growth and development

Changes are very rapid in terms of physical development. Easy accessibility of primary data collection and ground truth verification

Objectives :

1. To study the temporal changes (between 2001 and 2014 satellite data)

in the existing typologies along Kalidas Road, Dehradun,

2. To analyze and quantify the changes and its impact on the

infrastructure,

3.Planning issues and impact of re-densification of the existing residential

area.

Data Used

Sensor

characteristics

IKNOS Pan IKNOS MS

Ground Resolution 1 Meter 4 Meter

Spectral bands 0.445-0.90 μm 0.45-0.52 μm

0.52-0.60 μm

0.63-0.69 μm

0.76-0.90 μm

Study area Kalidas road,

Ward no – 6 & 7

Kalidas road,

Ward no – 6 & 7

Acquiring date April 1 2000

Google imagery 2014

Master plan of Dehradun-2025

UDPFI guidelines

Ward Map of Municipal Corporation.

City Guide Maps

Methodology:

IKNOS PAN (1 mt)

+

IKNOS MS (4mt ) 2001

Google Earth

Image 2014

UDPFI Guidelines

Master Plan-2025

(MDDA-Byelaws)

Geo-correction, Rectification

& Fusion

High Resolution Image

Geo-Data

Creation

(Plot Boundaries)

Field Investigation Survey

(Ground Truthing)

Analysis and Change

Detection of Residential and

Infrastructural Facilities

Infrastructure

Facilities

Evaluation

Conclusion and

Recommendations

Typologies of Housing

Typologies of Housing:

1. Planned Individual Plotted Residential

Development

Regular sized plots with proper roads and

facilities.

Detached housing units

Heights of buildings G+1

Density of 25-30 du/ha

2. Enclave Residential Development

Regular sized plots and it acts as island. One

entry and exit for the entire

Development. Land locked development.

Detached housing units

Heights of building: G+1 and G+G+2

3. Unplanned individual plotted development

Irregular size plots

Inaccessible plots

No lighting and ventilation for the plots

100% ground coverage

Approach roads are very narrow

Heights of G and G+1

4. Street pattern of residential development

Plots are arranged in linear shape pattern

Regular size plots

Heights of G and G+1

Detached housing units

5. Apartment /Multi dwelling units

Multiple dwelling units in every floor with

common facilities

It is a semi detached housing

Good lighting and ventilation

Density of 100 du/ha

Land use Map-2000

Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014

Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014

Plot Area Map-2014

Height of Building-2000

Plot Area Map-2014 Height of Building-2014

Plot Area Map-2014 Height of Building-2014 Change Detection Map-2014

Building Byelaws

Single Residential Plot:

Min: 300 sq.m

Max: 2000 sq.m

Ground coverage: 75% to 40%

Approach Road: 9m

Permitted Height: 12m;4 units; G+3

Plot sizes above 500 sq.m- 5% open space to be left for plantation/open

space

Group Housing

S.No. Particulars Plain Areas (in

ha)

Approach Road

width

Min Max

1. Group Housing 0.20 2.0 9m

2. Cluster 2.01 6.0 12m

3. Neighbour 6.01 20.0 18m

4. Township 20.1 40.0 24m

Building Byelaws

Existing and proposed

water reservoirs Tube wells and

Pumping Stations

Water Supply System

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

Two WTP of capacity 20 mld and 14 mld.

78% of water supply is through ground water source and 22% from piped

water supply. water treatments plants is located at dilaram bazar and treat

16mld from bijapur canal and bandal river. 72mld is the water requirement

of the town.

CPHEEO norm is 135 lpcd.

Estimated Water requirement:135X8000=1.1MLD (in present situation)

Storm Water Drainage

• Few parts of are line with stone and brick masonry.

• Covers have been provided over some length of the drains.

• The drainage channels are silted and garbage is thrown into

• these channels and blockage leads to overflow of drains

• The drainage acts as mixed drainage.

• Capacity of the drains are of one feet depth

S.No. Facilities to be provided

as per norms

Norms as per UDPFI

guidelines

Existing facilities

on the study area

1 Education 1 for 2500 population

Primary school for 500

students

Senior secondary school –

one for 7500 population-

1000 students

ONE INTER

COLLEGE, High

school AND

MIDDLE SCHOOL

2. Medical Facilities Nursing home, child welfare

centre and maternity centre

for 45,0000 population

DISPENSARY ARE

AVAILABLE

3. Commercial One for 110 persons ONLY FIVE

CONVENIENCE

SHOPS ARE

EXISTING

4. Parks and Play grounds 3 Sq.m of land for Parks and

Playgrounds

UNORGANISED

OPEN AVAILBLE

5. Socio Cultural Facilities Community Room to be

available.

NO PROVISION OF

COMMUNITY

HALLS

Social Facilities

Planning Issues and Findings

Piecemeal approach of development leads to unplanned/haphazard

development of residential areas. This leads

Irregular sub-division of plots

Amalgamation of plots

Increase in road network and dead ends roads is a common phenomenon.

Width of the road ranges from 2m to 6m.

Difficult to provide Physical infrastructure provision.

Leads to inaccessible plots

Violation of building byelaws in terms of setback, ground coverage and FAR

Lack of organized open-space and recreational facilities

Lack of public semi public facilities.

Master plan-2025 suggests proposed road width of 18m right of way for

kalidas road and this leads to demolition of houses.

Clear demarcation of income groups in change in topographical condition

RECOMMENDATION

The existing gaps in infrastructure facilities like water supply, drainage, road

widths, sewerage, garbage disposal had to be identified.

Augmentation and proposal of new infrastructure works to be carried out before

Densification of housing areas.

Thank you