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Slide 2 A Prologue on Constitutional History Slide 3 Trumbull, Presentation of the Declaration of Independence Slide 4 John Marshall (CJ 1801-35) Slide 5 Old Supreme Court Chamber (1819-1860) Slide 6 Roger Taney (CJ 1836-64) Slide 7 Old Senate Chamber (Supreme Court Chamber 1860-1935) Slide 8 Abraham Lincoln (1809-65) Slide 9 Salmon Chase (CJ 1864-73) Morrison Waite (CJ 1874-88) Melville Fuller (CJ 1888-1910) Slide 10 Edward D. White (CJ 1910-21) William Howard Taft (CJ 1921-30) Slide 11 Charles Evans Hughes (CJ 1930-41) Slide 12 Supreme Court Building (1935-present) Slide 13 Supreme Court Chamber (1935-present) Slide 14 Franklin D. Roosevelt (President 1933-45) The Court Packing Plan 1937 Slide 15 Harlan Fiske Stone (CJ 1941-46) Fred Vinson (CJ 1946-53) Slide 16 Earl Warren (CJ 1953-69) Slide 17 The Warren Court (1966) Slide 18 Warren E. Burger (CJ 1969-86) Slide 19 The Burger Court (1971) Slide 20 William Rehnquist (CJ 1986-2005) Slide 21 The Rehnquist Court (1995) Slide 22 John Roberts (CJ 2005- ) Slide 23 The Roberts Court (2007) Slide 24 An Introduction to Constitutional Decisionmaking Slide 25 The Fourteenth Amendment United States Senate (1868) Slide 26 Homer Plessy (1863-1925) Slide 27 W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) Slide 28 Charles Hamilton Houston (1895-1950) Slide 29 Lloyd Gaines (1913 - ?) Slide 30 Thurgood Marshall (1908-93) Slide 31 Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher (1924-95) Slide 32 Heman Sweatt (1912-82) Slide 33 Brown v. Board of Educ. (1954) Slide 34 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Enumerated Federal Power, Reserved State Authority: Introduction Slide 35 The Commerce Clause ART. I, Sec. 8: The Congress shall have the power... [t]o regulate commerce... among the several States... Slide 36 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Slide 37 US v. E.C. Knight (1895) Slide 38 Champion v. Ames (1903) Slide 39 Swift & Co. v. US (1905) Slide 40 Shreveport Rate Case (1914) Slide 41 Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) Slide 42 Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad (1935) Slide 43 Schechter Poultry (1935) Slide 44 Carter v. Carter Coal Co. (1936) Slide 45 Court Packing Plan (1937) Slide 46 West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) Slide 47 NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) Slide 48 US v. Darby (1941) Slide 49 Roscoe Filburn- Wickard v. Filburn (1942) Slide 50 Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) Slide 51 Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) Slide 52 Perez v. US (1971) Slide 53 Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn (1981) Slide 54 US v. Lopez (1995) Slide 55 Gonzalez v. Raich (2005) Slide 56 Congressional Authority to Enforce Civil Rights Slide 57 Fourteenth Amendment (1868) Thirteenth Amendment passes House (1865) Reconstruction Amendments Fifteenth Amendment (1870) Slide 58 Enforcement Provisions Amendment 13, Sec. 2, Amendment 15, Sec. 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Amendment 14, Sec. 5: Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of this article. Slide 59 Civil Rights Act of 1875 Slide 60 Joseph P. Bradley (1813-92) Slide 61 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Slide 62 Earl Warren (1891-1974) Slide 63 William J. Brennan, Jr. (1906-97) Slide 64 Thurgood Marshall (1908-93) Slide 65 City of Boerne v. Flores (1997) Slide 66 Anthony Kennedy (1936- ) Slide 67 Article 3, Section 2 (1787) The judicial power shall extend... to Controversies between two or more States; -- between a State and Citizens of another State; -- between Citizens of different States; --... and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. Eleventh Amendment (1798) The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. Slide 68 Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) Violence Against Women Act (1994) Slide 69 The Taxing Power and the Spending Power ART. I, Section 8: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes,... to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States. Slide 70 McCray v. US (oleomargarine)(1904) US v. Doremus (opium)(1919) Slide 71 Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922) Slide 72 US v. Kahriger (bookies) (1953) Slide 73 US v. Butler (1936) Slide 74 Steward Machine Co. v. Davis (1937) Slide 75 South Dakota v. Dole (1987) Slide 76 The Treaty Power ART. II, Section 2: The President shall have the Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur. Slide 77 Missouri v. Holland (1920) Slide 78 Tenth Amendment (1791) The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Slide 79 W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary of Labor (Sept. 1962-Jan. 1969) Maryland v. Wirtz (1968) Slide 80 W.J. Usery, Jr., Secretary of Labor (Feb. 1976-Jan.1977) National League of Cities v. Usery (1976) Slide 81 Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Assn (1981) Slide 82 Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985) Slide 83 National Commandeering Slide 84 New York v. United States (1992) Slide 85 Printz v. United States (1997) Slide 86 The Dormant Commerce Clause Slide 87 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Slide 88 Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia (1851) Slide 89 Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison (1951) Hughes v. Oklahoma (1979) Slide 90 City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey (1978) Slide 91 C&A Carbone v. Town of Clarkstown (1994) Slide 92 Granholm v. Heald (2005) Slide 93 United Haulers Assn, Inc. v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority (2007) Slide 94 Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp. (1981) Slide 95 Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp. (1976) Slide 96 West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy (1994) Slide 97 Camps Newfound/Owatonna, Inc. v. Town of Harrison (1997) Slide 98 The Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause Art. IV, Sec. 2, cl. 1: The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immuniteis of Citizens in the several States. Slide 99 Corfield v. Coryell (1823) Slide 100 United Building & Construction Trades Council of Camden County v. Mayor and Council of Camden (1984) Slide 101 Separation of Powers Slide 102 The Imperial Presidency Slide 103 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Slide 104 Foreign Relations Slide 105 US v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936) Slide 106 US v. Belmont (1937) Slide 107 War Powers Resolution (1973) Slide 108 Dames & Moore v. Regan (1981) Slide 109 Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004) Slide 110 Jay Bybee (1953- ) Slide 111 Executive Privileges and Immunities Slide 112 US v. Nixon (1974) Slide 113 Nixon v. Administrator of General Services (1977) Slide 114 A. Ernest Fitzgerald Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982) Slide 115 Clinton v. Jones (1997) Slide 116 Legislative Overreaching Delegation Legislative Veto Line-Item Veto Slide 117 INS v. Chadha (1983) Slide 118 Equal Protection 14 th Amendment (1868): No State shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Slide 119 Loving v. Virginia (1967) Slide 120 Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) Slide 121 Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Slide 122 Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960) Slide 123 Palmer v. Thompson (1971) Slide 124 Washington v. Davis (1976) Slide 125 Charles R. Lawrence, III Slide 126 Shaw v. Reno Slide 127 Slide 128 USDA v. Moreno (1973) Slide 129 Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) Slide 130 Pauli Murray Slide 131 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Slide 132 Equal Rights Amendment (submitted to states 1972) Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Slide 133 Craig v. Boren (1976) Slide 134 United States v. Virginia (1996) Slide 135 Buck v. Bell (1927) Slide 136 Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson (1942) Slide 137 Lochner v. New York (1905) Slide 138 West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) Slide 139 Among the more egregious pre-Reynolds disparities (compiled by Congressman Morris K. Udall):Morris K. Udall In the Connecticut General Assembly one House district had 191 people; another, 81,000 (424 times more).Connecticut General AssemblyHouse In the New Hampshire General Court one township with three people had a Representative in the lower house; this was the same representation given another district with 3,244. The vote of a resident of the first township was therefore 1,081 times more powerful at the Capitol.New Hampshire General Courtlower house In the Utah State Legislature the smallest district had 165 people, the largest 32,380 (196 times the population of the other).Utah State Legislature In the Vermont General Assembly the smallest district had 36 people, the largest 35,000, a ratio of almost 1,000 to 1.Vermont General Assembly Los Angeles County, CaliforniaLos Angeles County, California; with 6 million people, had one member in the California State Senate, as did the 14,000 people of one rural county (428 times more).California State Senaterural In the Idaho Legislature the smallest Senate district had 951 people; the largest, 93,400 (97 times more).Idaho LegislatureSenate 17 members of the Nevada Senate represented as many as 127,000 or as few as 568 people, a ratio of 224 to 1.Nevada Senate Reynolds v. Sims (1964) Slide 140 Hanging Chad Pregnant Chad Dimpled Chad Bush v. Gore (2000) Slide 141 Jose and Lidia Lopez Plyler v. Doe (1982) Slide 142 Meyer v. Nebraska (1923) Slide 143 Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) Slide 144 John Marshall Harlan II (1899-1971) Slide 145 Estelle GriswoldWilliam O. Douglas (1898-1980) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Slide 146 Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BCE) Slide 147 Slide 148 Robert Bork (1927 - ) Slide 149 The Ninth Amendment (1791) The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Slide 150 Sarah Weddington (1945 - ) Roe v. Wade (1973) Slide 151 Slide 152 Sandra Day OConnor (1930 - ) Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) Slide 153 Tyron Garner and John Geddes Lawrence Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Slide 154 Tyron Garner and John Geddes Lawrence Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Slide 155 Tyron Garner and John Geddes Lawrence Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Slide 156 Solicitor General Paul Clement Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)