A PROJECT ON

LINE FOLLOWERA vacational project done by some curious

student of 1st Year CSE

Acknowledgement It is a matter of huge pride for us to be a part of this reputed

institution. We came in this institution with many dreams and goal. One of such dream was to do project works. But our first inter semester project “LINE FOLLOWER” would have not been possible without the guidance of our beloved and respected professors. We would love to acknowledge our deep sense of gratitude to “Prof. Ashoke Kumar Majumdar” and “Prof. Tripuresh Debsingha” for guiding us throughout this project work and encouraging us to do our work. We are also extremely thankful to all of the non teaching staff of Mech. Workshop, namely “Sanjib Kr. Roy”, “Ashok Kr. Das” and “Ranajit Patra”. It would have been impossible for us to complete this project without their selfless support. We thank to reciprocate the kindness shown by “Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya”, Officer in Charge, GCETTS , “Dr. Prabal Kumar Majumdar” , HOD of first year and Textile dept. “ and “ Mr. Kishan Kundu, HOD of CSE dept. for giving us the approval of the project.

Some Facts About Mechatronics

Mechatronics is the combination of Mechanical engineering, Electronic engineering, Computer engineering, Software engineering, Control engineering, and Systems Design engineering in order to design, and manufacture useful products .

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field of engineering, that is to say it rejects splitting engineering into separate disciplines. French standard NF E 01-010 gives the following definition: “approach aiming at the synergistic integration of mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science within product design and manufacturing, in order to improve and/or optimize its functionality".

Some facts about RoboticsRobotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots. Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software.

Introduction We can get a vivid idea about our topic from its name “Line follower”. It is an automated system, which is nothing but a small robot that automatically follows a drawn path. The colour of the drawn track must be dark ones. It is a simple project, which has been made with few logics and some basic concept of electronics and mechanics. But our project work would be of immense use in industry. It could be used to carry any material from one place to another, reducing manual labour.

Some features of our project

•In sensor part, LED has been used in reverse biased mode.•Two stage amplification has been done here.•In the logic part , Op Amps have been used in Comparator mode.•Here pulse width modulated supply has been given to the Op Amps as supply voltage.•Here , Darlington transistors have been used to amplify the voltage output of the OpAmp and to supply the amplified power to drive the motor.

Circuit Diagram

Working Principle:•Case 1:

Sensor Part

Comparator

Comparator

Logic Part

Power Output

Part

Power Amplifier

Power Amplifier

Enables Right Motor

Enables Left

Motor

White

White

Black

Goes straight forward

•Case 2:

Sensor Part

Comparator

Comparator

Logic Part

Power Output

Part

Power Amplifier

Power Amplifier

Enables Right Motor

Disables Left

Motor

White

Black

Black

Turns left

•Case 3:

Sensor Part

Comparator

Comparator

Logic Part

Power Output

Part

Power Amplifier

Power Amplifier

Disables Right Motor

Enables Left

Motor

White

Black

Black

Turns right

Kaleidoscope of Our Journey…

Lights of Success

Future enhancements•A mechanical hand may be prepared, so that it may pick a thing up from a place, then put it on itself and could reach to the desired destination.•The circuit could be provided with a battery back up.•With our gain in knowledge in microcontroller, we will use that concept for further improvisation. •With our gain in knowledge in communication engg., we will try to develop a wireless remote controlled system.•A web cam may be placed on the top of the body to trace any sort of desired subject.•Actually we will go to any extent to develop our project in such a way, that it would be able to cater the needs of a huge part of industry.

Some vital facts:•This project has been done in remarkably low budget.•Only 3 ICs have been used in the total project i.e. IC 555, IC 741, IC 7805.•Even the wheels were not bought from market. Rather it had been prepared from some waste household materials.•Here, general purpose Op amp has been used but its shortfalls had been bypassed by using certain common sense and by implementing certain simple concept of electronics . However if precision Op Amps are used , then we would get more accurate result.•The main fact of our project is that only those things that had been taught in our first year classes has been applied in this project.

Conclusions:We stepped into this institution 1 years ago with loads of dreams in our eyes. This is our first project . We have applied our theoretical knowledge , that we had learnt in our classes of first two semester ,in this project . This is only our start . We would continue applying our theoretical knowledge in our future project as much as possible. We are really lucky to have such loving professors to guide us through our college life . For us we will continue doing our work and we would always remember these two lines:

“And miles to go, before I(we) sleep.And miles to go , before I(we) sleep.”