A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all...

36
A Profile of European NREN’s A Profile of European NREN’s Marko Bonač ARNES, Slovenia [email protected]

Transcript of A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all...

Page 1: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

A Profile of European NREN’sA Profile of European NREN’s

Marko BonačARNES, [email protected]

Page 2: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

ContentContent

• Mission statement and objective

• User communities

• Activities– Operating a special network– Providing services– Development

• Staff

• Budget

• Direct and indirect benefits 

• Small and less developed country specifics

Page 3: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

   Every country in Europe has one National Reseaarch and Education Network (NREN) 

                     (ex. Latvia, Romania and Russia)

Data about NRENsHome pages of those NREN’s which are members of TERENA canbe reached from http://www.terena.nl/about/terena_member_map.htmlHome pages of those NREN’s which are members of CEENet can be reached from http://www.ceenet.org/ceenet_cbyc_list.html

TERENA Compendium (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004)

Focus Study on Funding, Management and Operation ofEuropean Research Networks, TERENA Report, 2004

All these studies are available on paper and electronicallyat http://www.terena.nl/compendium/

Page 4: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

UKERNAUKERNAMission StatementAdvancing and supporting the UK's education and research network.

ObjectivesTo take responsibility for the networking programme of the education, learning and research communities in theUnited Kingdom; and to research, develop and provideadvanced electronic communication facilities for usewithin these communities, and to facilitate the electronicconnectivity of these communities to external third parties."

Page 5: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

SWITCHSWITCHOur MissionSWITCH was established with the objective “to create, promote and offer thenecessary basis for the effective use of modern methods of telecomputing in teaching and research in Switzerland, to be involved in and to support such methods.”

Our VisionIn order to fulfil this role now and in the future, SWITCH is constantly improving and expanding its infrastructure and services for universities and the wider public.SWITCH meets the needs of Swiss universities by • providing customised access to SWITCH's own network with high­quality 

Internet technologies and bandwidth greater than the current requirement, • providing rapid connections to foreign networks and excellent international 

contacts, • providing network services offering additional benefits which are not available on 

the market or which are not of adequate quality and which may also be offered to the public too.

As a technically leading, competent company, SWITCH plays a key role for the Internet in Switzerland.

Page 6: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

HEAnet: Mission statementHEAnet: Mission statement

HEAnet and its staff are committed to delivering and supporting networkinfrastructure and associated services in furtherance of national andinternational objectives for Irish education and research.

HEAnet fulfils its mission by focusing on:

• delivering the best network and the best services at the best value• developing and supporting services to meet the needs of our community• providing strategic opportunities for global collaboration by Irish 

education and research• gaining leverage from expertise, scale and position as a national network 

service• encouraging the transfer of technology from HEAnet to the rest of the 

Internet

   

Page 7: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

UsersUsers  • Universities

All NREN’s connect universitiesand nearly all universities are connected to NREN’s.

• Institutes of higher/further educationNearly all NREN’s connect these this type of institutions and in those countries where this is possible around two thirds of institutes of higher/further education are connected to the NREN.

• Research institutesLarge majority of all NREN’s connect these type of institutions and  around 75 % of research institutes are connected to the NREN 

• Primary and secondary schoolsAlmost all NREN’s allow such connections.In small countries (e.g. Greece, Portugal, Luxemburg, Slovenia) the majority of schools are connected to the NREN 

• LibrariesAlmost all NREN’s allow such connections.Only in small countries the majority of libraries are connected to NREN’s.

• Hospitals (other than university hospitals)More than half of NREN’s would allow this, but actually only a very small percentage are connected to them.

• Government departmentsMost of NREN’s would allow this, but only a very small percentage are connected to them.

Page 8: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

UsersUsers

• With smaller countries it is more often found that the NREN connects schools, libraries and governmental departments.

• NREN’s which connect universities and research institutes serve anywhere from a few tens to a few hundred customers.

• NREN’s which are more involved with schools and libraries connect anywhere from a thousand to several thousand customers.

• Some NREN’s also provide direct individual access (via cable, dial up or ADSL) to some customers (students, professors etc).

Page 9: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

CommentsComments• Some NREN’s provide more support to individual users

– E.g. they provide training and user support to individual users

• Some NREN’s have much larger user community– NREN’s in large countries have to serve more universities– NREN’s in small countries often connect schools and libraries 

(and not only universities and research institutions)– Some NREN’s provide individual access to users (direct dial 

up access, etc.)

Universities are more demanding in bandwidth and reliability but on the other hand schools and libraries need more support.

• Those NREN’s which light dark fibre themselves need additional staff .

Page 10: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Activities of NREN’sActivities of NREN’s

For their user community:• Operating a special network• Providing associated services• Enhancing the network and 

developing new services

For the whole internet community:• Transfer of new technology

Sometimes (especially in small countries) • Registering domains• Running neutral Internet exchange

Page 11: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Activities connected with the networkActivities connected with the network

• Management of the network• Monitoring of the network• Customer support in case of problems• Maintenance of the network

• Planning the next generation of the network• Running public tenders for telecommunication 

infrastructure• Testing equipment• Running public tenders for equipment• Connecting new customers/upgrading connections

Page 12: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Technologies used on the core networkTechnologies used on the core network

• SDH connectivity is still used by many NREN’s

• Those who still use ATM would like to phase it out.

• More and more NREN’s are leasing lambdas.

• Some are leasing dark fibre and building their own CWDM or DWDM systems.

• Most of NREN’s use, or are planning to use Gb or 10 Gb Ethernet.

• NREN’s usually plan to double the capacity of the core network every year.

Page 13: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Core Capacity on the NetworksCore Capacity on the Networks

10

100

1000

10000

ACOnet

BELNET

CYNET

CESNETUNI­C

EENet

FUNET

RENATERDFN

GRNET

HUNGARNETRHne

t

HEAnet

GARR

LANET

LATNET

LITNET

RESTENACSC

SURFnet

UNINETT

PIONIE

RFCCN

SANET

ARNES

RedIR

IS

SUNET

SWIT

CH

UKERNA

Page 14: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Customer Empowered Network ConceptCustomer Empowered Network Concept

• Many NREN’s in Europe lease, buy IRU (irrevocable rights of use) or build dark fibre and than light it with their own equipment.

• The decision depends on:– the prices of lambdas in the area of interest– availability and prices of dark fibre– expected exploitation period of the communication paths– expected number of dedicated links on the routes– cost of capital (and possibilities of loans) for buying IRU 

and purchase of the transmission equipment• More and more NRENs in Europe follow this concept    

Page 15: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Price for optical infrastructurePrice for optical infrastructure

• This data is difficult to get and varies greatly from country to country. 

• The following prices are calculated as an average from a few known cases in EU countries

• Intercity connections– 15 years IRU for a pair of fibres: EUR 600.000/100 km– plus each year 5% for maintenance

– One year lease for a pair of fibres: EUR 70.000 /100 km

• Building fibre in towns (96 strands)– Cable with 96 strands: EUR 50.000/1 km – plus each year 5% for maintenance

Page 16: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

External connectivityExternal connectivity

Connection of the NREN network to the outsideworld is realised though the following ways:

• Connection to GEANT (with GEANT PoP in the country or a special line to the GENAT PoP in another country)

• Special connections to research community in other countries

• Peerings/Internet Exchanges

• Connection to Commodity Internet

Page 17: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Row 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

GEANT connection in Mbps per 1 mil inhabitants

Column A

Page 18: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Row 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

GEANT connection in Mbps per 1 mil inhabitants

Column A

Page 19: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

TTypical bandwidthypical bandwidth  Data from EU and EFTA countriesData from EU and EFTA countries

128 kbps – 10 MbpsLibrary

128 kbps – 2 MbpsPrimary school

128 kbps – 100 MbpsSecondary school

2 Mbps – 1 GbpsResearch  institute

2 – 100 MbpsInstitute of higher/further education

10 Mbps – 1 GbpsUniversity

Typical bandwidthType of institution

Page 20: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

ServicesServices• E­mail, FTP, News, WWW hosting

• SecurityCERT – incident response team

• Antispam, antivirus

• Time service (NTP)

• Videoconferencing and video streaming

• Directory services (LDAP)

• Co­location

• Annual conferences

• Consultancy (new communication technologies, network security, legal questions, innovative applications)

Page 21: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

ProjectsProjects

• Quality of Service 

• End­to­End Network Performance

• IPv6

• Wireless LAN

• PKI/CA

• AA

• TERENA technical programme

Page 22: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

NREN’s are members/partners in NREN’s are members/partners in 

• TERENA  (www.terena.nl)

• DANTE (www.dante.org) Shareholder/Member of the GEANT Consortium

• CEENet  (www.ceenet.org)

• EC projects (e.g. SEEREN, EUMEDCONNECT)

• RIPE  (www.ripe.net)

• IETF  (www.ietf.org)

• ICANN (www.icann.org)

• CENTR (www.centr.org)

Page 23: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

StaffStaff

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

RHnet

OSI­AF/A

zerba

ijan

CNRS

ACOnet

MARWAN

KRENA­AKNET

IUCCUNI­C

CYNET

GRENA

RESTENA

PIONIE

R

SANET

EENet

LANET

FUNET

RedIR

ISRNC

BELNET

HEAnet

RENAM

AMREJ

URANFC

CN

ULAKBIM

GARR

RoEdu

Net

SWIT

CH

UNINETT

ARNES

RENATER

HUNGARNET

UzSciN

et

IST F

ound

ation

GRNETDFN

SURFnet

LITNET

CARNet

CESNET

FTE

Subcontracted StaffDirectly Employed Staff

Page 24: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Technical staffTechnical staff

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

RHnet

OSI­AF/

Azerb

aijan

CNRS

ACOnet

MARWAN

KRENA­AKNET

IUCCUNI­C

CYNET

GRENA

RESTENA

PIONIE

R

SANET

EENet

LANET

FUNET

RedIR

ISRNC

BELNET

HEAnet

RENAM

AMREJ

URANFCCN

ULAKBIM

GARR

RoEdu

Net

SWIT

CH

UNINETT

ARNES

RENATER

HUNGARNET

UzSciN

et

IST Fo

unda

tion

GRNETDFN

SURFnet

LITNET

CARNet

CESNET

FTE

Subcontracted StaffDirectly Employed Staff

Page 25: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

TotalTotal budget in 2004 budget in 2004

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

ACOnet

BELNET

CYNET

CESNET

UNI­CEENet

FUNET

RENATERDFN

GRNET

HUNGARNET

RHnet

HEAnet

GARR

LANET

LATNET

LITNET

RESTENA

SURFnet

UNINETT

PIONIE

RFCCN

SANET

ARNES

RedIR

IS

SUNET

SWIT

CH

UKERNA

ME

UR

Budget 2004

Page 26: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Row 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Page 27: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ACOnet

BELNET

CYNET

CESNETUNI­C

EENet

FUNET

RENATERDFN

GRNET

HUNGARNET

RHnet

HEAnet

GARR

LANET

LATNET

LITNET

RESTENA

SURFnet

UNINETT

PIONIE

RFCCN

SANET

ARNES

RedIR

IS

SUNET

SWIT

CH

UKERNA

Users/Clients "National government and public bodies" EU Other sourcesIncome sourcesIncome sources

Page 28: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Expenditure categoriesExpenditure categories

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

SWIT

CHRHne

t

LATNET

CESNET

LANET

SUNET

BELNET

UNI­C

GRNET

SURFnet

UNINETT

UKERNA

RESTENA

FUNET

CYNET

ARNES

LITNET

RedIR

IS

HUNGARNET

HEAnet

FCCN

RENATER

SANET

ACOnet

GARR

Transmission capacity (IRUs, leased lines, etc.) Equipment (switches, routers etc.) Salaries and general office costs Other

Page 29: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

What are the direct benefits of NREN’sWhat are the direct benefits of NREN’s

• They offer a communication system designed to meet the special demands of research and education.– High capacity between research and education institutions in 

the developed world– High quality of service necessary for real time applications

• They are engaged in testing new technologies and development of new applications in distributed learning, teaching and research.

• Looking back– NREN’s were first to introduce Internet– NREN’s were the first domain registers – NREN’s were the first IX managers

Page 30: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

What are the indirect benefits of NREN’sWhat are the indirect benefits of NREN’s

• NREN’s are stimulating competition in telecommunication infrastructure provision(especially in high capacity...)

• Educating the young population ­ users

• Educating young engineers

Page 31: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Digital divideDigital divide

• EC document: Science, Technology and Innovation in EU+ 2002:“Candidate countries posses a huge potential capacity to produce scientific and technological knowledge.Their integration in the European Research Area opens new dimensions and opportunities in Europe”

• The researchers all over the ERA would like to do the similar work

• There is a big gap in the state of networking infrastructure for R&E between more and less developed European countries.

Page 32: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Networking is relatively more expensive Networking is relatively more expensive in less developed European countriesin less developed European countries

• GDP per capita in new EU countries is 25 to 70 % of the EU average

• Telecommunication infrastructure is missing

• Prices for leasing infrastructure are high because– telecommunication market is often not yet liberalized– telecommunication market is too small for real competition

• Most of less developed countries are small – this brings additional problems.

Page 33: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Running an NREN in a small country Running an NREN in a small country is is relatively more relatively more expensiveexpensive

In a small country it is more expensive (calculated per user) to provide the same level of service.

• Relatively more international capacity is needed

• Low capacity circuits are relatively more expensive

• Circuits so the same capacity are often more expensive

• The NREN needs the same effort to introduce a new service

Page 34: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

0

capacity in Mbps

price per Mbps

Price for Price for leased linesleased lines is not a linear  is not a linear function of capacityfunction of capacity

Page 35: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

Circuits of the same capacity Circuits of the same capacity are more expensive are more expensive 

For less developed countries

• Telecommunication market is often not yet liberalized orit is liberalized on the paper but not in the practice.

If the country is also small:

• In many cases there is only one operator

• There is less demand for high capacity circuits

• Telecommunication regulator is not effective as he has not enough staff (but the problems are the same as in bigger countries) 

Page 36: A Profile of European NREN’s · schools are connected to the NREN •Libraries Almost all NREN’s allow such connections. Only in small countries the majority of libraries are

What can be done in What can be done in small and small and less less developed countries for the realization of developed countries for the realization of 

“equal opportunities” in ERA ?“equal opportunities” in ERA ?

• NREN should enlarge its user community(connecting schools and libraries)– NREN can double its user community with 30 % additional funds

• NREN should get more money from the government

• The government should stimulate real competition in telecommunication infrastructure sector

• Advice and support from other NRENs

• More financial support from the EC