A Presentation on the Industrial Revolution

By Mr. Stankus

A Presentation on the Industrial Revolution

By Mr. Stankus

VocabularyVocabulary

• Vulcanization

• Mechanization

• Textiles

• Vulcanization

• Mechanization

• Textiles

• Eli Whitney

• James Watt

• Henry Bessemer

• Robert Fulton

• Samuel Morse

• Eli Whitney

• James Watt

• Henry Bessemer

• Robert Fulton

• Samuel Morse

Changes in;Changes in;

• Production

• Landscape

• Life-style

• Society

• Production

• Landscape

• Life-style

• Society

Industrial Revolution: enormous increase in production of goods. Industrial Revolution: enormous

increase in production of goods.

• increase in production resulted from

– introduction of power-driven machinery

– the development of factory organization.

• increase in production resulted from

– introduction of power-driven machinery

– the development of factory organization.

The first steam-powered machines

http://science.howstuffworks.com/steam1.htm

the Factory the Factory

• manufacturing no longer out of the home and workshop.

• Power-driven machines replaced handwork, and factories developed as the best way of bringing together the machines and the workers to operate them.

• manufacturing no longer out of the home and workshop.

• Power-driven machines replaced handwork, and factories developed as the best way of bringing together the machines and the workers to operate them.

Changes in the factoryChanges in the factory

Early Industrial Revolution Factories Powered by water

Early Industrial Revolution Factories Powered by water

• By the middle of the 19th century, manufacturing towns contained huge factories filled with steam-powered machinery

• By the middle of the 19th century, manufacturing towns contained huge factories filled with steam-powered machinery

Modern factoriesModern factories

Mine & Forge [1840-1880]

Mine & Forge [1840-1880]

• More powerful than water is coal.More powerful than water is coal.

• More powerful than wood is iron.More powerful than wood is iron.

• Innovations make steel feasible.Innovations make steel feasible.• ““Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”• ““Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.• Bessemer process [1856] – strong, Bessemer process [1856] – strong,

flexible steel.flexible steel.

18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

18801880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners

19141914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners

British Pig Iron Production

British Pig Iron Production

The Textile IndustryThe Textile Industry

• New inventions – mechanization

• Effects of mechanization – supply increased, prices decreased, demand increased

• New inventions – mechanization

• Effects of mechanization – supply increased, prices decreased, demand increased

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

18131813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

18331833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

18501850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wp3m1vg06Q

Steam Engines, Iron, and Steel

Steam Engines, Iron, and Steel

• Iron and steel – mechanization meant that more iron was needed

• Iron and steel – mechanization meant that more iron was needed

Other IndustrializationOther Industrialization

• Production of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and furniture

• Printing, papermaking, lumber, and food processing

• Vulcanization – basis of modern rubber industry

• Production of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and furniture

• Printing, papermaking, lumber, and food processing

• Vulcanization – basis of modern rubber industry

TransportationTransportation

• Canals

• Railed roads

• Steam engine – locomotive, steamboat

• Canals

• Railed roads

• Steam engine – locomotive, steamboat

The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad

The Communications Revolution

The Communications Revolution

– Scientific research

– Battery

– Electricity

• Telegraph

• Telephone

– Scientific research

– Battery

– Electricity

• Telegraph

• Telephone

The Spread of IndustryThe Spread of Industry

• Cotton gin

• Mechanical reaper

• Canals, railroads

• Steel industry

• Cotton gin

• Mechanical reaper

• Canals, railroads

• Steel industry

“The Great Land Serpent”

“The Great Land Serpent”

ReviewReview

• the Industrial Revolution was a great turning point in the history of the world.

• It changed the Western world from a rural and agricultural society to an urban and industrial society.

• Industrialization brought many material benefits, but it also created a large number of problems that still remain critical in the modern world.

• the Industrial Revolution was a great turning point in the history of the world.

• It changed the Western world from a rural and agricultural society to an urban and industrial society.

• Industrialization brought many material benefits, but it also created a large number of problems that still remain critical in the modern world.

• http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/industrialrev.html

• http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/industrialrev.html

Industrial Revolution and the Environment

Industrial Revolution and the Environment

HARD TIMES Charles DickensHARD TIMES Charles DickensHARD TIMES Charles DickensHARD TIMES Charles Dickens

• Excerpt Describing Coketown, from Chapter 5: THE KEY-NOTEExcerpt Describing Coketown, from Chapter 5: THE KEY-NOTE

• ... Let us strike the key-note, Coketown, before pursuing our tune.... Let us strike the key-note, Coketown, before pursuing our tune.

• It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.

• These attributes of Coketown were in the main inseparable from the work by which it was sustained; These attributes of Coketown were in the main inseparable from the work by which it was sustained; against them were to be set off, comforts of life which found their way all over the world, and elegancies of life against them were to be set off, comforts of life which found their way all over the world, and elegancies of life which made, we will not ask how much of the fine lady, who could scarcely bear to hear the place mentioned. which made, we will not ask how much of the fine lady, who could scarcely bear to hear the place mentioned. The rest of its features were voluntary, and they were these.The rest of its features were voluntary, and they were these.

• You saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. If the members of a religious persuasion You saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. If the members of a religious persuasion built a chapel there - as the members of eighteen religious persuasions had done - they made it a pious built a chapel there - as the members of eighteen religious persuasions had done - they made it a pious warehouse of red brick, with sometimes (but this is only in highly ornamental examples) a bell in a birdcage on warehouse of red brick, with sometimes (but this is only in highly ornamental examples) a bell in a birdcage on the top of it. The solitary exception was the New Church; a stuccoed edifice with a square steeple over the the top of it. The solitary exception was the New Church; a stuccoed edifice with a square steeple over the door, terminating in four short pinnacles like florid wooden legs. All the public inscriptions in the town were door, terminating in four short pinnacles like florid wooden legs. All the public inscriptions in the town were painted alike, in severe characters of black and white. The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary painted alike, in severe characters of black and white. The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary might have been the jail, the town-hall might have been either, or both, or anything else, for anything that might have been the jail, the town-hall might have been either, or both, or anything else, for anything that appeared to the contrary in the graces of their construction. Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect appeared to the contrary in the graces of their construction. Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the town; fact, fact, fact,of the town; fact, fact, fact,

• everywhere in the immaterial. The M'Choakumchild school was all fact, and the school of design was all fact, everywhere in the immaterial. The M'Choakumchild school was all fact, and the school of design was all fact, and the relations between master and man were all fact, and everything was fact between the lying-in hospital and the relations between master and man were all fact, and everything was fact between the lying-in hospital and the cemetery, and what you couldn't state in figures, or show to be purchaseable in the cheapest market and the cemetery, and what you couldn't state in figures, or show to be purchaseable in the cheapest market and saleable in the dearest, was not, and never should be, world without end, Amen and saleable in the dearest, was not, and never should be, world without end, Amen

• Excerpt Describing Coketown, from Chapter 5: THE KEY-NOTEExcerpt Describing Coketown, from Chapter 5: THE KEY-NOTE

• ... Let us strike the key-note, Coketown, before pursuing our tune.... Let us strike the key-note, Coketown, before pursuing our tune.

• It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one madness. It contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same another, inhabited by people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom every day was the same as yesterday and to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.to-morrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next.

• These attributes of Coketown were in the main inseparable from the work by which it was sustained; These attributes of Coketown were in the main inseparable from the work by which it was sustained; against them were to be set off, comforts of life which found their way all over the world, and elegancies of life against them were to be set off, comforts of life which found their way all over the world, and elegancies of life which made, we will not ask how much of the fine lady, who could scarcely bear to hear the place mentioned. which made, we will not ask how much of the fine lady, who could scarcely bear to hear the place mentioned. The rest of its features were voluntary, and they were these.The rest of its features were voluntary, and they were these.

• You saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. If the members of a religious persuasion You saw nothing in Coketown but what was severely workful. If the members of a religious persuasion built a chapel there - as the members of eighteen religious persuasions had done - they made it a pious built a chapel there - as the members of eighteen religious persuasions had done - they made it a pious warehouse of red brick, with sometimes (but this is only in highly ornamental examples) a bell in a birdcage on warehouse of red brick, with sometimes (but this is only in highly ornamental examples) a bell in a birdcage on the top of it. The solitary exception was the New Church; a stuccoed edifice with a square steeple over the the top of it. The solitary exception was the New Church; a stuccoed edifice with a square steeple over the door, terminating in four short pinnacles like florid wooden legs. All the public inscriptions in the town were door, terminating in four short pinnacles like florid wooden legs. All the public inscriptions in the town were painted alike, in severe characters of black and white. The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary painted alike, in severe characters of black and white. The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary might have been the jail, the town-hall might have been either, or both, or anything else, for anything that might have been the jail, the town-hall might have been either, or both, or anything else, for anything that appeared to the contrary in the graces of their construction. Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect appeared to the contrary in the graces of their construction. Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the town; fact, fact, fact,of the town; fact, fact, fact,

• everywhere in the immaterial. The M'Choakumchild school was all fact, and the school of design was all fact, everywhere in the immaterial. The M'Choakumchild school was all fact, and the school of design was all fact, and the relations between master and man were all fact, and everything was fact between the lying-in hospital and the relations between master and man were all fact, and everything was fact between the lying-in hospital and the cemetery, and what you couldn't state in figures, or show to be purchaseable in the cheapest market and the cemetery, and what you couldn't state in figures, or show to be purchaseable in the cheapest market and saleable in the dearest, was not, and never should be, world without end, Amen and saleable in the dearest, was not, and never should be, world without end, Amen

Steeples to smokestacksSteeples to smokestacks

VocabularyVocabularyVocabularyVocabulary

• TenementsTenements

• Factory SystemFactory System

• CapitalismCapitalism

• Commercial Commercial capitalismcapitalism

• Industrial Industrial CapitalismCapitalism

• Interchangeable Interchangeable PartsParts

• TenementsTenements

• Factory SystemFactory System

• CapitalismCapitalism

• Commercial Commercial capitalismcapitalism

• Industrial Industrial CapitalismCapitalism

• Interchangeable Interchangeable PartsParts

• Mass productionMass production

• CorporationCorporation

• MonopolyMonopoly

• CartelsCartels

• Business CycleBusiness Cycle

• DepressionDepression

• Henry FordHenry Ford

• J.P. MorganJ.P. Morgan

• Mass productionMass production

• CorporationCorporation

• MonopolyMonopoly

• CartelsCartels

• Business CycleBusiness Cycle

• DepressionDepression

• Henry FordHenry Ford

• J.P. MorganJ.P. Morgan

Industrial Revolution: Good or Bad?

Industrial Revolution: Good or Bad?

• Historians have disagreed on the significance and impact of the Industrial Revolution.

• Was it negative or positive?

• Historians have disagreed on the significance and impact of the Industrial Revolution.

• Was it negative or positive?

Industrial Revolution Good:

Industrial Revolution Good:

• the great increase in the production of goods during the 1800's raised people's standard of living more than all the actions of legislatures and trade unions.

• the great increase in the production of goods during the 1800's raised people's standard of living more than all the actions of legislatures and trade unions.

Industrial Revolution Bad: Industrial Revolution Bad:

• overcrowded and unsanitary housing

• Disparity of wealth

• the terrible working conditions created by rapid industrialization in the cities.

• overcrowded and unsanitary housing

• Disparity of wealth

• the terrible working conditions created by rapid industrialization in the cities.

Industrial Staffordshire

Industrial Staffordshire

Problems of PollutionProblems of Pollution

The Silent HighwaymanThe Silent Highwayman - 1858 - 1858

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs”

Life

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs”

Life

The Haves and the Have Nots: The Disparity of Wealth

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau

Riche

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau

Riche

The Wealthy &WorkersThe Wealthy &Workers

Review:Before and after

Review:Before and after

Discussion:Discussion:

• What are some specific problems caused by the Industrial Revolution?

• What are some benefits of the Industrial Revolution?

• Are we better off today because of the Industrial Revolution?

• What are some specific problems caused by the Industrial Revolution?

• What are some benefits of the Industrial Revolution?

• Are we better off today because of the Industrial Revolution?

• Sources:

• http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

• http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/

• http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/title.html

• Sources:

• http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

• http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/

• http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/title.html