A PPT a Head & Neck Anatomy & Phys- Part I,II,& III (9.20- DR NAGARAJU TANNERU
Transcript of A PPT a Head & Neck Anatomy & Phys- Part I,II,& III (9.20- DR NAGARAJU TANNERU
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Head and NeckAnatomy & Physiology
Tulsa Technology CenterDental Assisting
Created by Debbie Batson, R.D.H., B.S.
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Anatomy & PhysiologyPart I
General TermsLandmarks of the FaceLandmarks of the Oral CavityBone & Cartilage
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Terms
ANATOMYStudy of the structure of the human body and
its parts
PHYSIOLOGYStudy of the functions of the human body
systems
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Structural Units & Body Systems
THE HUMAN BODY HAS 4 BASIC LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION:CellsTissuesOrgansBody Systems
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Body Systems
CELLS
Tissues
Organs
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CELLS
Smallest living unit of the body and are composed of a nucleus and cytoplasm.Different types of cells have different functions; for example brain cells have a different function than blood cells.Differentiation: Specialization of cells
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CELLS
Cells have shapes that resemble columns, cubes, and spheresCell Membrane: Surrounds the cell body and serves two purposes: Structural & SemipermeableCytoplasm: Gel -like fluid which makes up the major portion of the cell
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TISSUES
Groups of specialized cells that join together to perform a particular function
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Types of Tissues:
ConnectiveBinds & supports other tissues (tendons,
cartilage, blood, lymph, & bone)
MuscleContract & move body parts ( voluntary &
involuntary)
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Types of Tissues
NerveSpecialized to conduct electrochemical
impulses (receives signals and sends messages to & from all body parts)Epithelial
Covers the external portion of the body and lines the internal body cavities
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ORGANSCollection of related tissues that perform a definite functionthe individual organ performs a specific function
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Human Heart
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BODY SYSTEMS
Compromise many organs, are interdependent and function as a team to keep the body healthy and functional
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BODY SYSTEMS
Examples:Digestive SystemRespiratory SystemReproductive SystemCirculatory System
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Digestive System
It all starts here:
Process of breaking downingested foods into forms that body can use.
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The Digestive System
COMPOSED OF THE:Mouth StomachTeeth Small IntestineTongue Large IntestinePharynx LiverEsophagus
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Swallowing
Phase IMasticated food (chewed) forms a mass at the dorsum of
the tonguePhase II
Food passes through the pharynx into the beginning of the esophagusPhase III
Food passes down the esophagus into the stomach
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Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
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Nervous System
Causes muscles to contract, stimulates glands to secrete, and regulates other systems of the bodyIt allows sensation to be perceived, such as pain, pressure, and touch
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Cardiovascular System
Includes the heart, blood vessels, and bloodIt functions to circulate blood, carry various gases to all areas of the body, and filter and eliminate wastes
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ArteriesCarry blood away from the heart
VeinsCarry blood to the heart
Cardiovascular System
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The Lymphatic System
Part of the immune systemPlays an important role in the defense of the body against infection and disease
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Lymph nodes
Small round or oval structures located in lymph vessels. They fight disease by producing antibodiesIn acute infections, the lymph nodes become swollen and tender as a result of the collection of lymphocytes gathered to destroy the invading substance
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Lymph Nodes
3 MAJOR SITES:Cervical Head & Neck areaAxillary Under the armsInguinal Nodes Lower Abdomen
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Muscular System
Muscles must expand and contract to make movements possible. Each muscle has a point of origin that is fixed and a point of insertion that is movable.
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Muscular System
3 BASIC TYPES OF MUSCLESStriated SkeletalSmooth internal organsCardiac forms wall of the heart
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Types of Muscle
StriatedSmoothCardiac
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The Skeletal System
Consists of 206 bonesTwo systems – Axial and appendicularAxial consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and sternumAppendicular consists of the upper extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdle and the lower extremities
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Structure of the Bone
PeriosteumCancellous bone
Compact Bone
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Layers of bone
PERIOSTEUMIs a specialized connective tissue that covers
all bones of the body
It is attached to the bone by sharpey’s fibers, which penetrate the underlying bone matrix
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Two kinds of bone:
COMPACT / CORTICAL
CANCELLOUS
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COMPACT / CORTICAL BONE
HardDenseVery StrongOn radiographs it appears whiter, because it is more dense
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CANCELLOUS BONE
Known as spongy boneLighter in weightNot as strong as cortical boneFound in the interior of the boneFilled with bone marrowSmall spaces (like swiss cheese)
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LAYERS OF BONE
PERIOSTEUM
COMPACT BONE
CANCELLOUS BONE
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CARTILAGE
ToughMore ELASTIC than boneForms some structures such as the end of the noseCovers joint surfaces
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Landmarks of the Face
Inner
Canthus
of the
eye
Outer
Canthus
of the
eye
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Landmarks of the Face
Ala Philtrum
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Landmarks of the Face
Tragus of the ear
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Landmarks of the Face
Vermillion Border
Commissure
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Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
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Nasal Concha
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Pharyngeal tonsil
Soft palateUvula
Hard palate
Palatine Tonsil
Tonsils and the palates of the oral cavity
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Oral Cavity
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Maxilla
Mandible
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Tongue
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Labial Frenum
Hard Palate
Soft PalateUvulaPalatine Tonsil
Gingiva
Rugae
Retromolar Area
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Oral Cavity
See Web page below –Head & Neck
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/
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End PART I
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/
Click on the Button to the right of her head – this will open the hyperlink to the Web Page – Anatomy Lesson – Head & Neck
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HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY
Bones of the Cranium & FaceSalivary GlandsPapillae of the Tongue
PART II
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BONES OF THE CRANIUM
Protect the Brain
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Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
BONES OF THE CRANIUM
Frank
Picks
Out
The
Smallest
Earthworm
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BONES OF THE CRANIUM
FrontalForms part of the:1.floor of the cranium2.Forehead3.Most of the roof of the orbits
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FRONTAL BONE
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BONES OF THE CRANIUM
PARIETALForms most of the roof and upper sides of the
craniumTwo parietal bones
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PARIETAL BONES
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OCCIPITAL:Forms the back and base
of the cranium
BONES OF THE CRANIUM
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BONES OF THE CRANIUM
OCCIPITAL BONE
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BONES OF THE CRANIUM
TEMPORAL BONES– Forms the sides and base of the cranium– Contains the external auditory meatus & mastoid
process– Bears the Glenoid fossa (part of the TMJ)
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TEMPORAL
External Auditory Meatus
Mastoid
Glenoidfossa
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SPHENOID – Forms the anterior portion of the base of the skull– The superior surface protects the pituitary gland
BONES OF THE CRANIUM
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SPHENOID
Sphenoid
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ETHMOID- Forms part of the orbit and nasal Cavity
Ethmoid
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BONES OF THE FACE
The Bones of the face
give the face shape!
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BONES OF THE FACE
Zygomatic
Nasal
Palatine
Lacrimal
Maxillary
Conchae
Vomer
Mandible
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Zygomatic
Nasal
Palatine
Lacrimal
Maxillary
Conchae
Vomer
Mandible
Zack
Nack
Passionately
Loves
Mandy
Candy
Very
Much
BONES
OF
THE
FACE
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BONES OF THE FACE
ZYGOMATIC BONES– Form the prominence of the cheek and the lateral
wall and floor of the orbit
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Zygomatic
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BONES OF THE FACE
MAXILLARY BONESKnown as the maxillaHolds the upper teeth in the aveolar process
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BONES OF THE FACE
Maxilla
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BONES OF THE FACE
NASAL BONESTwo nasal bones join to form the bridge of the noseConstitute a small portion of the septum
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Nasal Bones
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BONES OF THE FACE
LACRIMALThey make up part of the orbit in the center of the eyeLie behind the frontal processes of the maxillary
Note: Lacrimal Gland supplies the tear ducts!
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Lacrimal
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BONES OF THE FACE
VOMERIs the single flat bone that forms the base of the nasal septum
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Vomer
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BONES OF THE FACE
CONCHAEHas three projecting structures which extends inward from the maxila into the nasal cavityMade up of the superior, middle, and inferior conchae
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Inferior Conchae
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BONES OF THE FACE
MANDIBLEForms the lower jawIs the only movable bone of the skullContains the alveolar process which supports the teeth of the lower arch
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Mandible
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Go to the sites listed on the next slide. You must be in the Slide Show mode, Click on each button and check out the web sites.
NOTE: *On the second site listed experience the living skull (click on the pictures to enlarge them)
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CLICK ON PINK FOR 1ST WEB PAGECLICK ON BLUE FOR THE 2ND ONE
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson1.htmhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1skull.html
Note: You must be in slide show mode for them to work!
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Median
Suture
PALATINE
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SALIVARY GLANDS & DUCTS
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
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SALIVARY GLANDS & DUCTS
Whorton’s Duct
Stenson’sDuct
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Whorton’s Duct
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Regions of the tongue sensitive to various tastes!
Bitter
Sour
Salty
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Vallate Papillae
Papillae of the Tongue
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Fungiform Papillae of the tongue
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Filiform Papillae
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Valate
Filiform
Fungiform Papillae
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Palatine Tonsil
Lingual Tonsil
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End of Part II
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PART III
Paranasal SinusesMuscles of Facial ExpressionMuscles of MasticationLandmarks of the mandibleTemporalmandibular Joint
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PARANASAL SINUSES
Air containing spaces within the skullTHEY FUNCTION TO:
produce mucusMake the bones of the skull lighterProvided resonance (produce sound)
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MAXILLARY SINUSES
The Largest of the paranasal sinuses
A maxillary sinus infection is one of the most common causes for patient to have a tooth ache and the tooth be ok ( this is due to the fact that the maxillary root often goes into the sinus cavity)
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PARANASAL SINUSES
Maxillary
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FRONTAL SINUSES
Located within the forehead above the left and right eye
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PARANASAL SINUSES
Frontal
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ETHMOID SINUSES
Irregularly shaped air cells separated from the orbital cavity by a very thin layer of bone
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PARANASAL SINUSES
EthmoidGroup
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SPHENOID SINUSES
Located close to the optic nerves, where an infection may damage vision
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PARANASAL SINUSES
Sphenoid
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PARANASAL SINUSES
Frontal
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Ethmoid(Anterior& Posterior)
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Zygomatic
Obicularis Oris
Mentalis
Buccinator
NOTE:
Without these
muscles you
would be like a
Z-O-M-Beeeee
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ZygomaticDraws the angle Of the mouth upward andbackward
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ZygomaticSmile muscle
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ObicularisOris
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Obicularis Oris the kissing muscle!
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Mentalis
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
MentalisPouting Muscle
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
BuccinatorCompresses cheeks against teeth
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MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Temporal Muscle
Masseter Muscle
Internal (Medial) Pterygoid Muscle
External (Lateral) Pterygoid Muscle
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Temporal Muscle
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Masseter Muscle
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Internal PterygoidMuscle
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
External PterygoidMuscle
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson4.htm
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson4.htm
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External Pterygoid- Lateral
Internal Pterygoid - Medial
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http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson4.htm
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LANDMARKS OF THE MANDIBLE
Forms the lower jaw and is the only movable bone of
the skull
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LANDMARKS OF THE MANDIBLE
Mental Protuberance
Mental Foramen
Alveolar Process
CoronoidProcess
Sigmoid Notch
Ramus
Angle of the MandibleBorder of
the mandible
CondyloidProcess
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Temporomandibular Joint
Synovial joints constructed to permit specialized hinge and gliding movements that permit varying degrees of mouth opening
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TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
Recieves name from the two bones that enter into its formation: – Temporal Bone– Mandible
Click this button in slide show mode to learn more about the
TMJ
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Temporalmandibular Joint
Condyloid Process
Glenoid fossa
Articular eminence
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TMJ - Made up of three bony parts.
Articular Eminance - raised portion of the temporal bone, anterior to the glenoid fossaGlenoid Fossa - lined with fibrous connected tissue, an oval depression in the temporal bone anterior to the external auditory meatusCondyloid Process - of the mandible lies in the glenoid fossa
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Temporal Mandibular Joint
Capsular ligaments
Meniscus
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TMJ
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TMJ
Capsular Ligament - dense fibrous capsule that completely surrounds the TMJ Meniscus/Articular Disc - cushion of dense specialized tissue that divides the articularspace into upper and lower compartments, which are filled with synovial fluid
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PART IV
Muscles of the floor of the mouthLymph SystemGeneral Neck MusclesMajor Arteries and Veins of the face and oral cavityPrimary Innervation of the oral cavity
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MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
Mylohyoid MuscleDiagastric MuscleStylohyoid MuscleGeniohyoid Muscle
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Mylohyoid Muscle(MOM)
MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
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Digastric Muscle(DAD)
MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
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Stylohyoid Muscle(SIS)
MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
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GeniohyoidMuscle
(GRANDPA)
MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
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Muscles of the floor of the Mouth
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Muscles of the floor of the Mouth
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Lymph SystemLymph nodes for the oral cavity drain intraoralstructuress such and the teeth, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and deeper areas of the throat.
Part of the Immune Reaction
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Lymph Nodes are small, round or oval structures located In lymph vessels. They fight disease by producing antibodies.
Can indicate infection or cancer!
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Lymph System
Post Auricular
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Lymph System
Sternomastoid
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Lymph System
Pre-auricular
Parotid
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Lymph System
Facial
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Lymph System
Submental
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Lymph System
Submandibular
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Lymph System
Anterior deep & superficial Cervical
Posterior deep & superficial Cervical
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Lymph System
Supraclavicular
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Lymph System
Occipital
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Trapezius
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http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson5.htm
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Major Veins of the Face & Oral Cavity
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Major Arteries of the Face & Oral Cavity
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Innervation of the Oral Cavity
Trigeminal nerve: The trigeminal nerve is the chief sensory nerve of the face and the motor nerve of the muscles involved in the process of chewing food in preparation for swallowing and digestion (mastication). As the name indicates, the trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches.
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Innervation of the Oral Cavity
The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the:
1. Ophthalmic (V1, sensory), 2. Maxillary (V2, sensory) and 3. Mandibular (V3, motor and sensory)
branches.
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Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve
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The End of PART IV
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Modern Dental Assisting, Torres & Ehrlich
http://www.intech.mnsu.edu/angelamonson/DH319/Short%20Papers/trigeminal_nerve_1.htm
http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/nervous_system/infratemp.html
http://www.netterimages.com/image/list.htm
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/
http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/head/submand_ans.htmlhttp://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%3Fp%3DPictures%2Bof%2Bthe%2BTrigeminal%2Bnerve%26prssweb%
3DSearch%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fl%3D0&h=469&w=399&imgcurl=www.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2F10_03.jpg&imgurl=www.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2F10_03.jpg&size=25.3kB&name=10_03.jpg&rcurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2Fdisplay10_03.html&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2Fdisplay10_03.html&p=trigeminal+nerve&type=jpeg&no=2&tt=256&fr=FP
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References