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A perspective on CCS developments in China · A perspective on CCS developments in China . ......
Transcript of A perspective on CCS developments in China · A perspective on CCS developments in China . ......
A perspective on CCS developments in China
Dr Jia Li, Dr Mathieu Lucquiaud, CCS System Integration Workshop
19th September, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
China’s CO2 challenge (1) China’s energy consumption and CO2 emissions have more than doubled between 1990 and 2006, and will double again by 2030 if unabated (IEA,2009)
Without major advances in decarbonizing its economy, China will account for about 29 percent of global CO2 emissions by 2030 (IEA, 2009).
In the Bali Action Plan adopted at COP 13, China and other developing countries agreed to undertake “nationally appropriate mitigation actions” (NAMAs) under a post 2012 agreement to address climate change.
After energy efficiency and fuel switching, CCS will be China’s primary option for reducing emissions in the power, chemical and other industrial sectors that depend on fossil fuels.
Hart & Liu (2011)
Contribution of large point sources of CO2 in China
China’s CO2 challenge (2) Even if China meets its targets for energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy and fuel switching, the country would rely upon coal for more than 50 percent of its power generating capacity through 2030 (Liu & Gallagher, 2009).
An estimated 1,062 GW of new capacity will be installed in China by 2030, resulting in a total installed capacity of 1,936 GW—equivalent to the current installed capacity of the United States and European Union combined (IEA,2009).
Even if only 10 percent of total theoretical capacity is available for sequestration, China has enough capacity to store over 100 years’ of its CO2 emissions from large point sources.
Over 90 percent of the country’s large CO2 point sources (>100,000 tCO2/yr) are within 100 miles of onshore sequestration reservoirs.
Large scale gasifiers in China
5 Shell Operation Shell Construction GE Construction CTL
Shenhua Erdos CTL 100000 tCO2/year capture with storage in saline aquifer
Power plant location (Survey of power plants over 1GW)
Source: China Electricity Council
2006
2007
2008
Edinburgh Mathieu Lucquiaud, Hannah Chalmers Jon Gibbins Exeter Xi Liang Jia Li Imperial Niall McGlashan
Focuses on: “Is the power plant worth retrofitting” rather than “Can the power plant be retrofitted”
Retrofit potential A survey of over 260 power plants in China
Rural area, sufficient space, with access to storage site Retrofit potential in 2012
- Space for capture addition is assessed: Power plants are classified between rural and industrially developed zones - Storage site/transport route is assessed - Water supply/cooling system evaluated 37%
53%
10%
Guangdong CCS-Readiness Project
Project Introduction Title: Guangdong, China’s First CCS Ready Province Duration: April 2010 – March 2013 Sponsors: UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office Global CCS Institute (GSSCI) 7 Implementers:
• South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Di Zhou • Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conservation, CAS, Daiqing Zhao • Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, CAS, Xiao-Chun Li • Energy Research Institute of NDRC, Qiang Liu • LinksChina Investment Advisory Ltd, Shenzhen, Jia Li • Edinburgh Univ., Jon Gibbins, Mathieu Lucquiaud • Cambridge Univ., D. Reiner and Xi Liang
Guangdong CCS-Readiness Project
Project Background • Guangdong is China’s richest province, but highly dependent on foreign energy
supply (95%). • Industrial structure is relatively light
• One of the National Low Carbon Pilot Provinces.
• CCS is being considered in the programme for “developing clean-coal techniques” promoted by Governor Huang Huahua in July 2011.
Picture from Li J, Liang X, Cockerill T (2011), Energy, 36(10), 5916-5924
GD CCS-Readiness Project Provincial capture-readiness level:
- Strategy depends on CCS implementation options and constraints - Storage capacity estimates - The chain between the low-carbon end user and CO2 storage can be varied - Permutations between re-using existing infrastructure and building a new one
Provincial capture-readiness at power plant level
Range of potential steam extraction pressures with post-combustion capture solvents
piperazine
ammonia
MEA and most amines
Ionic liquids
Locations available for steam extraction
4 – 15 bar 30 – 65 bar
Capture-readiness for 2nd and 3rd generation solvents Avoid committing the plant too early to a steam extraction pressure
1
1
2
2 0
0
HP IP
condenser
LP LP
Heat recovery from capture process
Solvent reboiler
Desuperheater
back pressure turbine
back pressure turbine
Retrofit of a capture-ready steam cycle with an elevated IP/LP crossover pressure
GD CCS-Readiness Project Provincial capture-readiness level:
- Strategy depends on CCS implementation options and constraints - Storage capacity estimates - The chain between the low-carbon end user and CO2 storage can be varied - Permutations between re-using existing infrastructure and building a new one
Provincial capture-readiness at power plant level Provincial capture-readiness – Gas in Guangdong
- Gas CCS has the unique characteristic of relatively low-cost low carbon generation - Guangdong coal and gas prices influenced by global markets - New CCS plants should be gas if lower LCOE – no point in generating extra CO2 from coal to have a spuriously low cost of capture (but EOR economics change this)
RETROFIT WITH SEPARATE GAS CHP POWER CYCLE FOR POWER MATCHED RETROFIT
reboiler SEPARATE GAS CHP PLANT
HRSG
Steam turbine(s) Gas Turbine
PC PLANT STEAM CYCLE
reboiler
SEPARATE GAS CHP PLANT
Gas Turbine
HRSG
Steam turbine(s)
PC PLANT STEAM CYCLE
Retrofit options to maintain/increase site output with carbon capture An alternative to low-efficiency ancillary gas boilers to future-proof capture-ready gas plants
against solvent technology developments
RETROFIT WITH SEPARATE GAS CHP POWER CYCLE FOR HEAT MATCHED RETROFIT
Retrofitting existing coal power plants with additional Gas CHP plant
Fuel
Coal / Air
Turbine Gas Air
Open cycle gas turbine Pulverised coal boiler CO2 capture plant Steam Generator
Hot windbox retrofit: Turbine gas replaces combustion air entering the boiler windbox Increase/Maintain site output Increased CO2 concentration facilitates capture and reduces equivalent capital costs
Conclusions China flagship CCS projects: Huaneng Beijing (2008 with CSIRO), 3000tCO2/yr, no storage Hechuan Shanghai Power Plant in Chongqing, 10000 tCO2/yr, no storage Shenhua Coal-to-Liquid Plant, 100000tCO2/yr, storage in aquifer GreenGen Other projects in planning
Name Stage Capture type
Transport details (Pipeline) Storage details Industry
Daqing Evaluate Oxyfuel 100 km Onshore Onshore Deep Saline Formations Power
Dongguan Taiyangzhou IGCC+CCS Identify Pre
101 – 150 km Onshore to offshore
Offshore Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Power
Dongying Identify EOR/EGR
Power
GreenGen IGCC Evaluate Pre 151 – 200 km Onshore Various Power
Jilin Oil Field EOR Phase 2 Identify Industrial EOR/EGR NG
Processing
Lianyungang IGCC +CCS Identify Pre 201 – 250 km Onshore
Enhanced Oil Recovery Power
Shanxi International Energy Group CCUS Identify Oxyfuel Not specific Power
Shenhua/Dow Chemicals CTL Identify Pre Onshore to
onshore Onshore Deep Saline Formations CTL
Sinopec Shengli Oil Field EOR Evaluate Post ≤50 km
Unspecified EOR Power
Current Lare Scale Integrated Projects in China (GCCSI 2011 list)
Conclusions China flagship CCS projects: Huaneng Beijing (2008 with CSIRO), 3000tCO2/yr, no storage Hechuan Shanghai Power Plant in Chongqing, 10000 tCO2/yr, no storage Shenhua Coal-to-Liquid Plant, 100000tCO2/yr, storage in aquifer GreenGen Other projects in planning
China is turning into a global laboratory for CCS pilot projects, attracting foreign governments, multilateral institutions, non-governmental organizations, and business partners. China’s leadership in developing CCS technology could ultimately help drastically lower its costs, if the example of FGD technologies can be replicated
The UK CCS Research Centre
Focal point and driving force for UK CCS fundamental research and academic analysis
Supporting long-term strategic research programmes and national facilities
Working with range of stakeholders to establish pathways to deliver research results to the end users
£10M funding over 5 years from EPSRC + £3M from DECC + £2.5M from member institutions
ACTTROM: Advanced Capture Testing in a Transportable, Remotely-Operated Mini-lab UKCCSRC Project with DECC and EPSRC funding
The UKCCSRC-Pilot Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) facilities are supported by DECC and the EPSRC as part of the RCUK Energy
Programme
UKCCSRC-PACT Office The Gateway, Broad Street, Sheffield, S2 5TF Email: [email protected] Mob: +44 (0)7946471417 Office: +44(0)1133439010 PA: Miss Lisa Holt Email: [email protected] Web: www.ukccsrc-pact.ac.uk
Director: M Pourkashanian
PACT - Pilot Scale Advanced Capture Technology & Biomass/Bioenergy
Combustion Test Facilities Available For Industry & Academia
Pilot scale Shared Facilities for CCUS Innovation (Capture technologies) & Biomass, Biofuel Combustion
• DECC funding on establishing facilities to support CCUS innovation and technology development
• The facilities will become part of the broader UK Centre for CCUS umbrella. • Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT Facilities)
to support CCUS innovation. • PACT Consortium: Edinburgh, Cranfield, Imperial,
Nottingham, Sheffield and LEEDS • PACT present a strong, multidisciplinary partnership of
leading CCUS researchers with an international profile in the field
UKCCSRC-PACT Facilities
The following categories of users are identified: – UK/EU academics – including those from Research
institutes, The RS and RAE fellowships and UK Postdoctoral Researchers
– UK/EU Academics with EU Projects – The level of access in accordance with agreed EU funding levels.
– International Agreements –(contractual access agreements ).
– Other International Users – (world class RD&D). – Commercial and Contractual Users – (SMEs). – Private Sector Access – in collaboration with UK
academic partner (open literature publications).
• EOR-CCS • Oxy-Combustion + CCS RD&D • Post-combustion + CCS research and
demonstration • IGCC+CCS research and demonstration • CO2-Microalgea-bio diesel conversion key
technology research • CO2 mineralization research
Location for PACT Core Facilities
2 miles from M1, junction 31 Leeds airport = 30 miles
Manchester International Airport = 45 miles
Gas Turbine APU/Micro Turbine 250 kW/15 kW EGR/HATGT
IGCC 250 kW Oxy-fuel CTF 250KW
Coal-Biomass FB 250kW
Combustion Test Facilities 250kW Coal/biomass
UK CCS Research Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture
Technology (PACT) Facilities
Gas Mixing System 200kW
Amine Capture Plant 150kW
RWE facilities
UK CCS Research Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) Facilities
Amine Post Combustion
Capture Plant (150 KW)
Coal
S
B
C
G
Control Units & System
Integration
Oxygen
Coal
Biomass
AIR
Natural Gas
Gas Turbine APU & Turbec 150Kw
Oxy/air-Solid
Fuels CTF with EGR 250KW
Coal – Biomass
blend Fuels 50KW
Coal – Biomass Air/Oxy
FB Reactor 150KW
Gas Mixer Facilities
Up to 250 KW
O
L
Planned IGCC
Reactor (200 KW)
R
Gas Cleaning
and Shift
System Monitoring
Via Internet
R
E
E
M
A E
E
UK CCS Research PACT Facilities Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology
Amine Post Combustion
Capture Plant (150 KW)
Coal
S
B
C
G
Control Units & System
Integration
Oxygen
Coal
Biomass
AIR
Natural Gas
Gas Turbine APU & Turbec 150Kw
Oxy/air-Solid
Fuels CTF with EGR 250KW
Coal – Biomass
blend Fuels 50KW
Coal – Biomass Air/Oxy
FB Reactor 150KW
Gas Mixer Facilities
Up to 250 KW
O
L
Planned IGCC
Reactor (200 KW)
R
Gas Cleaning
and Shift
System Monitoring
Via Internet
R
E
E
M
A E
E
• Oxy-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities
• Air-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities
• FGR (Wet and Dry) + Gas Mixing Facilities
Gas Turbine Facilities with EGR + HAT Fuel Flexibility: NG, Biogas, Biofuel & H2 Enriched Gas
Gas Turbine Facilities with EGR + HAT Fuel Flexibility: NG, Biogas, Liquid Fuel, Biofuel & H2 Enriched Gas
Exhaust gas recycle (EGR & EGSR) Non-Selective Recycle in CCGT for
CO2 Capture (EGR) • Exhaust gas recycle (EGR) is an
established concept for increasing the CO2 concentration in the flue gas
Selective Recycle in CCGT for CO2 Capture (EGSR)
• Substantial improvements can be achieved when selective CO2 recycle from flue gas to the gas turbine is used
PACT Office for Visitors & Collaborators • Availability of all commercial CFD, Process, Techno-economic, Visualization Soft wares • Easy access to PACT experimental facilities • Excellent environment for visiting researchers
The UKCCSRC-Pilot Scale Advanced Capture Technology (PACT) facilities are supported by DECC and the EPSRC as part of the RCUK Energy
Programme
UKCCSRC-PACT Office The Gateway, Broad Street, Sheffield, S2 5TF Email: [email protected] Mob: +44 (0)7946471417 Office: +44(0)1133439010 PA: Miss Lisa Holt Email: [email protected] Web: www.ukccsrc-pact.ac.uk
Prof. M Pourkashanian Director of PACT Facilities
& UKCCSRC Coordination Group Member