A participatory methodology to assess the factors influencing performances of avian influenza...
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![Page 1: A participatory methodology to assess the factors influencing performances of avian influenza surveillance network in Northern Vietnam](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030307/58e7647e1a28ab5b2a8b5f0f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A participatory methodology to assess
the factors influencing performances of
avian influenza surveillance network in
Northern Vietnam
Alexis Delabouglise1,2, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux1,3, Phan Dang Thang4, Nguyen Tien Thanh5, Dao Cong Duan4, Pham Thi Thanh Hoa1, Dao Thi Hiep4, Vu Dinh Ton4, Nguyen Viet
Khong5, Aurélie Binot1, François Roger1, Marisa Peyre1
1 CIRAD, AGIRs, France
2 Laboratoire Espace, Santé et Territoires, Université Paris Ouest, France 3 Université de Liège, Belgique
4 Hanoi Agriculture University, Vietnam 5 National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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• Outlines
I. Background : need to evaluate AI surveillance
II. Methodology : participatory tools to approach
decision making
III. Results
IV. Conclusions
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• Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to
H5N1 persisting in Vietnam since 2004
• Limited evaluations of surveillance programs
• Hypothesis : social and economic interactions
between local actors are key elements to
evaluate acceptability of surveillance systems
Background
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Involvement of actors in
disease surveillance:
A decision made
under constraints
INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE
Economic
constraints
Social constraints Animal health
Public health
Institutional
constraints
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Methodology
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Geographical localization:
� Cẩm Hoàng commune, Hải Dương province, Red river delta
Farms investigated:
Poultry and pig productions
Methodology
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Decision making :
An answer to a series of
questions…
Methodology
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• Focus group producers
• Description of syndromes and terminology associated
• Use of proportional piling and matrix scoring
What kills my animals? Methodology
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Who do I talk to?...and why? Bệnh dịch gà, Niu Cát Sơn, Tụ huyết trùng
….
The village
feed seller
Syndrome:
The town
drug
supplier
....
The trader
technicians of agro-
pharmaceutical companies
Poultry producer
Individual
interview Drug selling + advices
Rapid selling of sick
animals
Methodology
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Outbreak announcement: who wins,
who loses?... And who do I listen to?
• What are the
consequences of an
outbreak notification?
• Which types of actors
get benefits or
disadvantages from it?
• Which type of actor
influences my decision?
Methodology
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May I report or not report if…? 50% mortality in my
farm in less than 5
days
Price of sick
animals Amount of
compensation
Delay before
compensation
40 000
VND/kg
30 000
VND/kg
20 000
VND/kg
Delay No delay
…
Methodology
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50% mortality in my
farm in less than 5
days
Price of sick
animals Amount of
compensation
Delay before
compensation
Proportional piling
REPORT NOT
REPORT ASK OTHER
FARMERS
May I report or not report if…? Methodology
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Results
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constraints on producer’s decision
Animal
producer
Input supply
stage
Animal
traders Value chain
• Short delays to
refund credits
• Support farmers in
treating and
preventing diseases
• Most contacted in
case of disease
outbreak
FINANCIAL
DEBTS
Results
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Results
constraints faced by farmers
Animal
producer
Input supply
stage
Animal
traders Value chain
• Negotiation of price
• Possibility to sell sick
animals at low price
• Drop of prices caused by
outbreak announcement
FINANCIAL
DEBTS
PRICE
INSTABILITY
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constraints faced by farmers
Animal
producer
Input supply
stage
Animal
traders Value chain
Other
villagers
• Price variation
affects other
farmers
Relationships FINANCIAL
DEBTS
PRICE
INSTABILITY
FEAR OF
IMPACT ON
PRICE
Results
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Constraints faced by farmers
Animal
producer
Input supply
stage
Animal
traders Value chain
Other
villagers Veterinary
Authorities
• Uncertainty of
compensation
programs
• Long delays of
compensations
• More interesting to
sell sick animals Relationships FINANCIAL
DEBTS
FEAR OF
IMPACT ON
PRICE
• Control measures and
compensations only in
case of widespread
epizootic
• Authorities' reaction
often follow media
announcements
PRICE
INSTABILITY
Results
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Animal
producer
Input supply
stage
Animal
traders Value chain
Other
villagers Veterinary
Authorities
Relationships
• Resource/budget
constraints
• Local management of
diseases are encouraged
• Reports to higher
authorities are
dissuaded
Local Political
actors
AUTHORITY
Institutional constraints Results
Administration
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Who is looking for information?
• Private actors are interested in information on disease outbreaks for: � Preventing disease transmission (feed companies,
input retailers, large scale farmers)
� Anticipating price variation and planning the activities in accordance (feed companies, input retailers, large scale farmers)
� Purchasing poultry at low price (poultry traders)
• Public surveillance is considered a useless source of information. Private actors rely on informal surveillance.
Results
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Breed supply
Drug supply
Feed supply
Local input retailers: feed,
chicks and drugs sellers
Small poultry
producers
Big poultry
producers
Poultry traders
District vet
Province vet
Commune vet
INFORMAL NETWORKS
Private
companies
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Conclusions 1. Innovative approach • Actors of surveillance = decision makers facing socio-economic constraints
• Interest of combining economic evaluation tools and participatory approach
2. Key elements to enhance the compliance to
surveillance and control programs : • Producers and actors of input supply chain mainly aim at mitigating impact of
epizootics on their income and on market prices
• Existence of a private surveillance centered on feed companies
• Poor sanitary controls on the poultry value chain have an impact on disease
surveillance
• Institutional impediments = need for better control and higher support from
the central administration : encourage local actors to notify diseases
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Acknowledgements
• CIRAD, AGIRs, France: Pham Thi Thanh Hoa, Marisa
Peyre, Aurélie Binot, François Roger
• Hanoi University of Agriculture, Vietnam: Phan Dang
Thang, Dao Cong Duan, Dao Thi Hiep, Vu Dinh Ton
• National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi,
Vietnam: Nguyen Tien Thanh, Nguyen Viet Khong
• Université de Liège, Belgique: Nicolas Antoine Moussiaux
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Thank you for your attention