A New Solution for Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 1
A New Solution for Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe
July 3 2008, 2nd Open meeting for proto-sBelle @ KEK
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 2
I. The Lore that Despairs the ExperimenterBAU; KM; Heavenly TH; Belle’04, A Kand PEW
II. Going Up a Hill ...Embark; Constraints; Consistency; b → s CP Phase
III. ... (maybe) Becoming a Mountain sin2Bs; AFB; mD; [KL → ] exp exp (expexp)
IV. Soaring to the Starry HeavensBoxes, Penguins, Yukawas; CPVBAU ReduxCPVBAU Redux
V. Towards Solution of BAUCPV — 2-3-4 Dominance; Phase Trans. — Strong Coupling ?
VI. Verification @ LHC ? sin2Bs Confirmation
VII. Conclusion
Outline
s s bb4
; b’, t’ Discovery
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 3
I. The Lore that Despairs the Experimenter
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 4
Obligé Dispair
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 5
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Sakharov Conditions: Matter Universe
Antimatter → Matter if:
(1) Proton Decay (Baryon # Violation) (2) Matter-antimatter Asymm.
(CP Violation) (3) Out of Equilibrium
Sakharov (1967)
Particle Physics Astrophysics
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Electroweak Baryogenesis !?
Antimatter → Matter if:
(1) Proton Decay (Baryon # Violation) (2) Matter-antimatter Asymm.
(CP Violation) (3) Out of Equilibrium
Sakharov (1967)
Particle Physics Astrophysics
Continue Search for CP Violation
Kuzmin, Rubakov, Shaposhnikov, 1986
✔
Too Small !
EWPhT a crossover ! (not strong enough ...)C
halle
ng
e
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 8
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
Too Small in SM
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
masses too small !
CPV Phase
0n
nB
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 9
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 10
Heavenly TH
“Affleck-Dine”, SUSY etc.: Extra ScalarsScalars (strongly) coupled to H
0
Leptogenesis:
Heavy Majorana Neutrinos
⊕ LFV/CPV Decay
⊕ B/L Violation (“EW Baryogenesis”)
More Scalars!
Popular ! Driving study for neutrinos.
But, “Heavenly” — Could be(come) Metaphysics
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 11
PEW
Z’
Belle 2004 PRL: Seedby
“you
rs tr
uly”
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ICHEP 2004, Beijing
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
275M BB New
K: 728 53
hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)
Large EW penguin (Z0) ?
New Physics ?
[also seen by BaBar]
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Sakai
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 13
3.82005
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 14
Belle 2008 Nature: Simple Bean Count
AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 15
0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA
Experiment is Firm
A K ~ 0 expected
0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025
0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5
Why a Puzzle ?
?
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
A lot of (hadronic) finesse
Need NP CPV Phase
PEW has practically no weak phase
in SM
t, ??
Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)
World
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 16
Wisdom from Peskin
PEW
C
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 17
“I must say that I am very skeptical that the new Belle result is new physics -- a larger than expected color suppressed amplitude is an explanation that is ready at hand. On the other hand, I felt that it was necessary to push the new physics interpretation when writing for the Nature audience, people outside of high energy physics, because this is why the result is potentially newsworthy.”
Peskin (private communication)
color suppressedcolor suppressed
Ya, ya!Need anyway !anyway !I’ll keep crawlin’.
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 18
II. Going Up a Hill ...
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 19
My first B paper
nondecoupling
2
Z
FF GG
2tm
dimensionsdimensions
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 20
My first B paper... also on 4th generation
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 21
0πππ 0 KBKBK AAA
Experiment is Firm
A K ~ 0 expected
0.097 0.012 0.050 0.025
0.1470.147 0.0280.028 > 5> 5
Why a Puzzle ?
?
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
A lot of (hadronic) finesse
t, ??
Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007)
World
Need NP CPV Phase
PEW has practically no weak phase
in SM t, t’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural
nondecoupling
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 22
Going Up a Hill ...
_d
d
K
u u
B sb , t ’Embark
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 23
- Disfavored by EW PrecisionEW Precision (see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06
4th Generation Still?
- N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new PhysicsMassive neutrinos call for new Physics
• 4th generation notnot in such great conflict with EWPrT Kribs, Plehn, Spannowsky, Tait, PRD’07
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RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 24
SM 3
Effective b s Hamiltonian and t’ Effect
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RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 25
t ➯ t, t ’
t t
}
{
],[
],[),(M
),(),(2)(
),()(2
0002
0002
12
2
'''
'
'
'
ttSttSλ
ttSλλλ
ttS
ttSttSBf
t
tccBB ss
GIM Respecting
Arhrib and WSH, EPJC’03
CPV Phase
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 26
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb t, t’
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 12% vs 15% (data)
NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 15% S 0.11
SM3 input
vs 0.340.2x (data)
WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL’07
A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and
Joining C & PEW
Both and in Right Direction !A S
sb P
EW
ion)(illustrat
GeV 030t'm
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 27
Consistency and b s Predictions
BR OK ACP ~ 0 far away
beyond SuperB
PDG ’06
SM3
SM3
Heavy t’ effectdecoupledfor b s
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 28
tbtsVV
btst VV
cbcsVV ubusVV
“Typical” CKM Matrix
b s
4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints
tbtdVV
btdt VV
cbcdVV
ubudVV
x ~ 0.22
b d
Satisfy b d: ✓ Cannot tell trianglefrom quadrangle
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05
s b
Z bb_
d s
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 29
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b →→ d “Triangle” and b →→ s Quadrangle
b b →→ s s
b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle
Strength and Size of sB2sin
~ SM3
negligible
b →→ d
(almost Triangle)
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 30
III. ... (maybe) Becoming a Mountain
human ants
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 31
• Fixed rsb ➯ Narrow sb Range destructivedestructive with top• For rsb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [Vcb ~ 0.04
sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70
° Finite CPVCPV
Phase
Bs Mixing Measured @ Tevatron in 4/2006
?
Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
03.0
02.0
01.0rsb
CDF range
SM (high)
01.002.0
03.0sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-likeWSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 32
Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2009
Sign Predicted !
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like
03.0
02.0
01.0
CDF range
SM (high)
01.002.0
03.0
rsb
?
A K,
S
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
Can Large CPV in Bs Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ?
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 33
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]
sin2Bs 0.640.16 0.14
arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]
UTUTfitfit
IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!
3.73.7 ~2.5
± ?
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 34
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (hep-ph/0610385)
4th Generation ?
Did not ask for this !
Tevatron can compete w/ LHCb
iff |sin2Bs|
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 35
CDF now interested
in 4th generation.
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229M386M
Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991) (F(FLL and) and) AAFBFB (and A (and AII) ) favor the “opposite-sign Cfavor the “opposite-sign C77 model” model”
Fourth Generation PRD 77, 014016 (2008)
Quoted by Tsybychev at FPCP08
Eigen at FPCP08
349 fb-1
data: LHCb MC (2 fb)
a: SM; b: 4 Gen.
better
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 37
dbibtdt dbVV
er
cb'ub'VV
PDG06
mb’ = 230 GeV
270310
From 4 x 4 Unitarity
x = m/ ~ 1 - 3 plausible
w/ Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~ 15%
D Mixing (Short-distance Only)
N.B. SM LD could generate y ~ 1%, x ≈ y [Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov]
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 38
IV. Soaring to the Starry Heavens
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 39
t, t’
On Boxes and Z Penguins
Z
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 40
On Boxes and Z Penguins
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
Most Flavor/CPV learned from these diagrams
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 41
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th
D ! D !
b’, t ’ @ LHC
BBss
AAFBFB
Nondecoupling∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !
On Boxes and Z Penguins
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 42
Large Yukawa !
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 43
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~Too Small in SM
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVmasses too small !
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
0n
nB
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 44
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~Too Small in SM
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
0n
nB
If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)
Only fac. 30 in CPV per se
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !
WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
MoriondQCD
Providence
Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?
Enough CPV?
Enough CPV?
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 45
Only fac. 30 in CPV per se
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b b →→ s s
b →→ d
10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 46
V. Towards Solution of BAU
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 47
CPV for BAU: 2-3-4 Dominance
Jarlskog’85, 3 generations Jarlskog’87, n generations
“3 cycles”also Gronau, Kfir, Loewy ’87
J (1,2,3) small
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
long and short
d-s degenerate2-3-4 generation only !
Effectively 3 generationsEffectively 3 generations(on v.e.v. scale)
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 48
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
btst VV
tbtsVV
cbcsVV
cbcdVV-
ubudVV
ubusVV
OS
Q
b b →→ s s
b →→ d
4 generations: 3 indep. phases
b →→ s Quadrangle Area ~ ()30x b →→ d Triangle
(almost Triangle)
If Vus shrinks to a point
Difference in area
for b b →→ s s Small
2nd argument that is predominant CPVsbJ (2,3,4)
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 49
1st Order Phase Trans. for BAU ?
Ran out of time, and knowledge ...
• Fok & Kribs: Not possible in 4th generation
• Conjecture: Could Strong Yukawa’s do it ?
Beyond Unitarity Limit
Holdom
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 50
VI. Verification @ LHC ?
• sin2Bs Confirmation — “Easy” for LHCb
• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward at LHC
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 51
VII. Conclusion
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515
Even if O (1)Enough CPV for B.A.U.
Maybe there is a 4th Generation
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 52
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 53
Backup
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RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 54
Box/EWP Sensitivity to 4th Gen.Box/EWP Sensitivity to 4th Gen.
nondecoupling
),(2)(),(
)(),(
0000
000
,
,)2(
)1(
'''
'
ttSttS
ttS
ttSS
ttSS
QCD penguin
EW penguin
(No New Operators)g less sensitiveg less sensitive
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RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 55
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05
ACP(K) ~ 12, ACP(K) ~ +0.04 ?
☞ ACP(K) almost independent of t’☞ ACP(K) ACP(K) > 0.1 demands
• sb ~ /2
• Large mt’ and rsb
LargeEffect
LO PQCD
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 56
Opposie Sign
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4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) Flavour/LHC 2/06 57
4th generation not excluded
favored
allowed
Arhrib and WSH
YanirHattori, Hasuike and Wakaizumi
Independently
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4th generation George W.S. Hou (NTU) Flavour/LHC 2/06 58
and Prospects
Just Around Corner!(SM3-like)
~ to !Defintely BSMif measured !
Phase
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 59
4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints
We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep Unitarity
From b → s study
SM3
Kaon b s
b dimpose
Cross Check !
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 60
Constrain s d from K Physics
(J. Bijnens et al.)
(E. Pallante et al.)
Therefore….
well-satisfy !
“Standard”
No SM3 solution
(shaded)
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 61
well-satisfy
Hard to tell apart (non-trivial) with present precision∵ stringent s d
vs Vub ~ 0.01 e-i
Disfavored
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 62
enhanced to or even higher !!
In general larger than !!
Implication for
Rate could be enhanced up to almost two orders !!
Grossman-Nir
Current E391A U.L.
Very hard to measure
SM 3
∵ Large CPV Phase
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mBs/mD/AJ/K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 63
(Too)
Large/Imaginary“Typical” CKM Matrix
4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K/D Connections
0 cb'ub'cbubcsuscdud VVVVVVVV
ee
ii
SM LD NP SD
Data Driven
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New Solution for BAU George W.S. Hou (NTU) 2nd Open sBelle, 7/3/08 64