A Multi-Layered Display with Water DropsPeter Barnum Srinivasa Narasimhan Takeo Kanade

Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University

SIGGRAPH 2010July 27, 2010

Types of Displays

2

3D with Anaglyph glasses2D with an LCD monitor

3D with an etched glass cubeNayar 2007

3D with auto-stereoscopySony 2009

Water Drops Displays

3

Pevnick et al. 1979-present Eitoku et al. 2006

Applications of Water Drop Displays

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Car show advertising

3D touchable display

Art exhibits

Interactive games

Water Drop Display 101

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Water Drop Display 101

6

7

Water Drop Display 101

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How to Assemble a Water Drop Display

Step 1:Create the drops

Step 2:Find the drops

Step 3:Project on thedrops

Drop on Demand

9

Challenges With Drop on Demand

Desired result

Satellite drops

Varyingtiming 10

Fluid Mechanics of Drop on Demand

1. The emitter diameter: 1 mm

2. The pressure differential: 10 kPa

3. The feed diameter: 19 mmEmitter

Feed

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Ambravaneswaran et al.2002Munson et al. 2009

Drop on Demand With a Linear Manifold

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13

Refresh hz = 60

Detecting Drop Locations

Drop hz = 30

FPS = 60

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Detecting Drop Locations

Drop hz = 30

FPS = 60Refresh hz = 60

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Detecting Drop Locations

Drop hz = 30

Refresh hz = 60FPS = 60

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How to Illuminate the Layer of Drops

Drop hz = 30

Refresh hz = 60FPS = 60

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Illuminating Multiple 2D Layers

Number of layers = MDrop hz = N

Refresh hz ≥ NM

Control and Data Flow

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CameraPG Firefly MV

ProjectorSony 3-LCD

Valve controlDuemilanove

ComputerQuad-Xeon

Graphics cardQuadro 4600

19Camera

Projector

Drop Emitters

A Single Emitter Manifold

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Diaphragm valve

Solenoid

50 metal needles

Plastic pipe

Synchronized Drops, Camera, and Projector

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High-Speed Video of the Emitted Drops

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High-Speed Video of the Emitted Drops

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Aquarium Simulator

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Red-Green-Blue

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Close-up

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Wide Viewing-Angle

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2.5D Tetris

Summary and Future Work

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Step 1:Create layers of drops

Step 3:Project on the drops

Step 2:Find the drops

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Step 1:Create morelayers of drops

Step 3:Project on the drops

Summary and Future Work

Step 2:Find the drops

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Step 1:Create morelayers of drops

Summary and Future Work

Step 3:Project fasteron the drops

Step 2:Find the drops

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The Dream: Touchable 3D Models

Acknowledgements

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Shelley AnnaLarry HayhurstScott SatkinYaser SheikhPrasanna Velagapudi Lynn WalkerLee WeissCMU and Georgia Tech graphics groups

Drop on Demand

Drop on Demand

Drop on Demand

Water Drop Display 101

Water Drop Display 101

Drop on Demand With a Linear Manifold