Project Gutenberg's A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy, by James Elphinston

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Title: A Minniature ov Inglish Orthoggraphy

Author: James Elphinston

Release Date: May 25, 2005 [EBook #15901]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY ***

Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team.

AMINNIATUREOV_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY_.

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TO'DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES,DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES_OV WALES_;DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES_OV YORK_:ONNORED AZ UNDOUTEDPATRONS AND PATTERNSOV EVVERY PROPRIETY:DHIS MINNIATURE

Ov Inglish Orthoggraphy,

_UMBLY HOPES UNIVERSAL ACCEPTANCE;_FROM DHE BENIGN PERMISSIONOV BEING SO INSCRIBED,BY DHEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSESDEVOTED SERVANT,_James Elphinston_.

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AMINNIATUREOV

Inglish Orthoggraphy:

DEDDICATED TO'_DHE PRINCE AND PRINCES OF WALES_,DHE DUKE AND DUTCHES OV YORK:

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BY JAMES ELPHINSTON.

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_LONDON_:

SOLD (Price 1 Shilling and 6 Pence) BYW. RITCHARDSON, ROYAL EXCHAINGE; T. BOOSEY, N. 4,BRAUD-STREET, DHARE; F. AND C. RIVVINGTON,N. 62; ST. PAULS CHURCHYARD; J. DEIGHTON,N. 325, HOLBORN; W. CLARK,N. 38, BOND-STREET.

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1795.

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CONTENTS.

1. _Introduccion_ 2. _Orthoggraphy ascertained in dhe vowels, and dheir serviles_ 3. _Vocal substitucion, licenced and licencious_ 4. _Ov open and shut vowels_ 5. _Ov dhe aspirates and dheir insertives_ 6. _Ov redundant serviles_ 7. _Ov impracticabel articulacion_ 8. _Ov false aspiracion_ 9. _Dhe guttural aspirate lost, or transmuted by moddern organs_ 10. _Old _R_ aspirate_ 11. _Oddher antiquated idellers_ 12. _Final fantoms, or dubblers ov final forms_ 13. _Oddher falsifiers, medial or final; licquids or sibbilants; particcularly _TI_ for a sibbilacion_ 14. _Dhe orthoggraphy ov propper names_ 15. _Dhe fundamental principel ov orthoggraphy_ 16. _The orthographic riddle_

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AMINNIATUREOV_INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY._

1. INTRODUCTION.

Hwen evvery oddher language, and at last our own, haz been reduced to'science; rendered accountabel to' natives, and accessibel to' straingers;hwence iz it, dhat our practice, growing daily more a contrast dhan anexemplificacion ov our theory, tempts ignorance to' speak, az blind habbitspels; raddher dhan to' dream ov spelling, az propriety exhibbits herunremitted harmony, hweddher in word or writing? For propriety, hwarevverherd, can be seen onely in her picture: nor can dhis be duly drawn, butfrom dhe oridginal; or dhe likenes long prezerved, in dhe coppies ovvulgarrity.

Scarce creddibel doz it seem, to' dhe anallogists ov oddher diccions, dhathiddherto', in Inglish exhibiscion, evvery vowel and evvery consonant aralmoast az often falsifiers az immages ov dhe truith. Hetteroggraphyindeed, or false litterary picture, can arize onely from won, or acombinacion, ov foar cauzes: redundance, defiscience; mischoice, ormisarraingement.

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2. ORTHOGGRAPHY ASCERTAINED IN DHE VOWELS, AND DHEIR SERVILES.

It iz not now new, dhat evvery Inglish vowel haz, not onely a longuer andshorter, but even a different sound, az open or shut by a consonant; dho _Abraud_, open and shut, differ but in quantity. Nor iz it yet a secret, dhatcertain mutes, or silent letters, (espescially vocal quiescents,) ar named_serviles_; rendering essencial az vizzibel service, boath to' vowels andconsonants. Hware such gards ar wanted, dhey doutles wil attend; and, hwendhey proov superfluous, az reddily widhdraw. Dhus dhe open vowel ov dhesimpel shuts, and dhe serviles vannish, in dhe penultimate ov dhe compound:_shake_, _Shakspear_; _chear_, _cherfool_; _vine_, _vinyard_, and dhe like.So formatives: _stare_ and _stair_, _starling_; _steer_, _sterling_;_shere_, _sherrif_; _child_, _children_; _kind_, _kindred_; _know_,_knollege_; and dhe rest.

Evvery open ear must allow dhe aspiracion (_h_) to' articculate inisciallydhe braud vocal licquid (_w_); nor longuer imadgine dhat _wh_, apparent,can becom _hw_ real; or dhat _what_, _whale_, _wheels_, can rascionallypaint dhe power ov _hwat_, _hwale_, _hweels_. Dhe braud licquid (_w_) hazno place in _hoal_, total; or in _hore_, prostitute; distinct alike, to'dhe eye, from _hole_ and _hoar_. But _wh_, iniscial, may wel prommise _hw_;if _le_ and _re_, boath final, may picture _el_ and _er_: az we admire, notonely on dhe _little theatre_, but in dhe _centre_ ov dhe _battle_! Dho atutch ov Rezons wand wil restore dhe buty ov truith; at wonce to' dhe_littel theater_, and to' dhe _center_ ov dhe _battel_; az such buty beamedin dhe former century.

Dhe French _table_, _chambre_, _ancien_, _danger_, ar dhe unexcepcionabelparents ov dhe Inglilh _tabel_, _chaimber_, _aincient_, _dainger_; hoo artoo apt scollars, not to' lern from parental exampel, to' show dhemselvshwat dhey ar; widhout wondering, dhat won tung iz not anoddher, or dhateach must hav her own essence and semblance; and dhat in ours, az in oddherpicturage, _an open vowel must not appear a shut won_. Indispensabel dhenaz dhe servile (_i_) in dhe three last exampels, iz it in _aingel_, dhoinadmissibel in _angellic_; in evvery _ainge_ and _ainger_, like _rainge_and _rainger_; az wel az in _caimbric_ and _Caimbridge_; dho nedher in_Cam_ nor _Cambray_.

If _a_ slender, open, must hav in such case its gardian; _a_ slender, evenshut, hwen protracted, requires its protracting aspiracion (_h_): az in_ah! Mahlah_; so in _Pahtric_, _fahdher_, _pappah_, _mammah_, and _ahnt_;

so distinct (dho safe enuf ungarded) from _ant_ dhe emmet. But _gahp_,herd, iz dhus no longuer seen _gape_. _Hant_, _hanch_, and dheir fellows,admit not dhe braudener; hwich iz indispensabel to' _wrauth, wauter_, and_vauz_; nor need dhe protracting aspirer, more dhan doo _chant_ and_branch_.

_O_ must hav its own medial servant, to' ascertain its opennes; in _poark_,_poart_, _spoart_, _foart_, _foard_, _goard_, _soard_, (wonce _sword_),_foarth_, _foarce_, _foarge_; _boast_, _coast_, _goast_, _moast_, _poast_,and _boath_; justly az in dhe annimal _boar_, in _board_, _boast_, anddheir fellows; dho _slow_ gender _slowth_, reggularly, az _grow, growth_.Widh _poart_ and _poast_, _poartal_, _poarter_; _poastage_, and dhe like.

Better no attendant, dhan a false won. _O_ direct (dhe common _o_) cannedher assume _o_, dhe servile ov _o_ depressive (_oo_); nor _u_, hwichwood seem its partner in a dipthong. _Doar_, _floar_, and _moar_, ar dhusreggular and safe; _dore_, _flore_, and _more_, widh equivvalent servile,leve _more_ coincident; yet compounds prefer dhe final servile: az_batteldore_,[1] _Blacmore_, _Hwitmore_; and _Strathmore_, scottishlystrong on dhe latter syllabel.

_Soll_, spirrit, avoids occular union widh _sole_, alike, and _soal_: byadopting dhe servile ov _poll_, _boll_, _toll_, _roll_ (widh _controll_,)_scroll_, and _droll_. Like dipthongal dainger precludes _u_ from dheservile funccion, duly undertaken by _a_ in _soar_, _moarn_, _boarn_,distinct from _boren_ or _bor'n_, dhe compannion ov _woren_ or _wor'n_,_sworen_ or _swor'n_, _toren_ or _tor'n_, _shoren_ or _shor'n_, and clear,az open and shut, ov _born_; in _coart_, _goard_, _coarse_, and _soarce_._Coarce_, dhe ded _boddy_, dies no more in _corpse_; hwen dhus _boren_decently to' interment. Dhis precaution suffers _o_ open, to' understand oromit, dhe servile before _l_ and anny oddher consonant: az in _old colt_,wonce seen and herd _ould coult_. If _old colt_ now suffice, _oald coalt_iz understood. For dhis rezon, _goald_ must no longuer be robbed ov itsdepressive servile, wonce legally seen in _gould_. _Au_, widh les plea,suppresses its servile in like sittuacion; az _salt_ and _alder_; except indhe singuel _assault_! _saut_ and _vaut_ being, now, duly out ov dhequestion.

If _ou_ cannot now paint _o_ direct, much les can it picture _o_ depressive(_oo_); in _you_, _youth_, _uncouth_; _should_, _would_, or _could_: for_yoo_, _yooth_, _uncooth_; _shood_, _wood_, or _cood_. Hwen _ou_ Inglishtransferred its equivvalence from dhe French _ou_ to' dhe German _au_,hwich compounds _a_ braud, widh _o_ depressive (_au_ widh _oo_); az itselfcood no more be frenchly interchaingeabel widh _oo_; nedher ov its partswaz more likely to' becom so. _Do_ or _who_ can no more dhan _doe_ or_hoe_, (boath better employed!) or dhan _shoe_, _canoe_, _lose_, _move_,_prove_, _behove_; _Rome_, _Coke_, _Pole_, or simmilar; prezent dheprezzent _doo_, _hoo_, _shoo_, _canoo_, _looz_, _moov_, _proov_, _behoov_,_Room_, _Cook_, _Pool_, or dhe like: for truith fears notthing fromcoincidence ov sound, and falsehood always leads astray. _B_ maydistinctively open dhe vowel, in _climb_ and _comb_; but cannot render italso depressive in _comb_, _tomb_, _bomb_, and _womb_; for _coomb_,_toomb_, _boomb_, and _woomb_. Hwatevver _u_ may hav been in Lattinvocallity, dhat figgure cannot guiv _oo_, even open, in Inglish; far les_oo_ shut, in _pull_, _bull_, _full_; _butcher_, _put_, _pudding_, _puss_,_push_, _bush_; _bushel_, _cushion_; for _pool_, _bool_, _fool_,_bootcher_, _poot_, _poodding_, _poose_, _poosh_, _boosh_, _booshel_, and_coossion_: in all ov hwich, dhe _oo_ iz doutles short az shut; anddistinct az _foolling_ and _fooling_. If _u_ cannot prommise _oo_ shut, nomore can _oo_ proxy _u_ shut, in dhe singuel _foot_ for _fut_. No servile

can attend a shut vowel; and _truith_ must hav her own, like _suit_ and_fruit_: in dhe French _bruit_ it iz also distinctive. Alreddy hav we seen_o_ direct disguized, no les dhan _o_ depressive; and can we longuer bairdhe Gallic _beau_, for dhe Brittish _boe_; more dhan dhe dubble falsifier_beauty_, for dhe Inglish _buty_, dhe sweet compannion ov _duty_?

_Sew_, _shew_, and _strew_, wer dhe preddecessors, so cannot be dheidentities, ov _soe_, _show_, and _strow_: dhe first dhus occularly clearov _sow_, so different verb and noun! dhe latter, distinct to' dhe ear bydhe dipthong, hwich also distinguishes _slough_, no more swallowing _sluf_:_toe_ and _tow_ (no more jostling widh _tough_, now _tuf_), _doe_ and_dough_, _floe_ and _flow_, being respective coincidents; clear indeed to'dhe eye, boath ov boddy and mind. _Ow_ final iz dipthongal in _how_, _now_!_bow_ bend; _cow_, noun or verb; _sow_, the noun; in _vow_, verb or noun;and in _allow_, _endow_. Dhe dipthong distinguishes also _slough_,_plough_, and _bough_ branch. _O_ remains merely simpel in _dough_, az if_dow_. _Bo!_ or _boh!_ interjeccion, coincides widh _boe_ and _bow_, boathnouns: dhe latter leving dhe dipthong to' dhe verb, or its accion, hwencedhe ball derives it in _bowl_; dhe open vowel distinguishing dhe _bowl_ orbason, coincident widh _boll_ and _bole_.

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3. VOCAL SUBSTITUCION.

Dho won semblance may exhibbit, not onely two' senses, but two' sounds; wonsymbol must not pretend to' paint anoddher, unles by distinctivesubstitution. _E_ proovs dhus dhe lawfool substitute ov _a_, in _heigh-ho!_moddernized _hey-ho!_ in _heighday_, now _hey-day!_ _weigh_, _wey_, _hwey_,_prey_, _bey_, _dey_; _dhey_, _dheir_, _eir_, _eight_, and _freight_; widh_obey_, _inveigh_, _convey_, _survey_, and _purvey_; az wel az hwen febel,in _parley_, _barley_, _Harley_, _Chudleigh_, and dheir fellows.

But _e_ cannot be _a_, widh dhe servile dhat distinguishes _e_: _tear_cannot be clas-mate, at wonce to' _fear_ and _fair_. If dherfor _e_ cannotbe _a_, widh _a_ servile; and _a_ need no substitute in dhe verbs _tair_,_wair_, _swair_, and _bair_; _peir_, dhe fruit, and _beir_, dhe beast,claim dhe substitute vowel, widh due servile; _pair_, _pare_, _bair_ and_bare_, being engaged. For like rezon, _braik_ and _grait_ admit no vocalsubstitute. _Where_ and _there_ no more puzzel dhan bely, in dheir ownshape, ov _hware_ and _dhare_.

_E_ fairly substituting dhe forrain _i_, in _pier_, _bier_, _mien_, _lief_,widh _belief_, _believ_; _relief_, _reliev_; and dhe rest; so distinct from_peer_, _beer_; _mean_, _leaf_; or so connected by alliance, forrain ordomestic; dhe substitucion simmilarly prevails in _shriek_, _fiend_,_fief_, _brief_, _chief_, _atchiev_; _thief_, _thiev_; _repriev_,_retriev_; _pierce_, _fierce_, and _tierce_: ettymollogy howevver, scorningalike substitucion and superfluity, in _receiv_, _receit_, and dheircollaterals.

Forrain semblance belied dhe adoptives, _oblige_, _marine_, _machine_,_magazine_, _fatigue_, _intrigue_, _antique_, and _shire_; til Londonersbegan to' treat dhem az natives ov Ingland; not dreaming dhat dheir essencecood not here be prezerved, but in dhe guize ov _oblege_, _marene_,_mashene_, _maggazene_, _fategue_, _intregue_, _anteke_ (or _anteek_,_mareen_, and dhe rest,) joined by _legue_, _twegue_, and _shere_: hwichlast, dho dhus sevvered from _sheer_ and _shear_, boath coincident insound, waz beguinning, in dhe false shape ov _shire_, (like _oblege_, indhat ov _oblige_,) to' violate Inglish harmony in evvery British nacion.

Dhe same propriety, dhat dhus gards dhe Inglish vowel (_e_), prezervs, noles _piously_, dhe parental equivvalent (_i_), in _obligacion_, _marriner_,_mackinate_, _mackinacion_, _indefattigabel_, _anticquity_, az wel az_antiquary_; and evvery forrain buty, consistent widh domestic truith.

If dhe prezzent century hav made manny improovments, in orthoggraphy andelsehware; it haz certainly made manny alteracions, dhat wer dhe verryreverse ov improovment. Som eying truith, onely in her parents, wood_allege_ dhat _virtue_ alone cood _persuade_; havving lernedly perfwadeddhemselvs, dhat _vertue_ might hav _sweetnes_, widhout partaking _suavity_,by hwich dhey pictured _swavvity_. It seems howevver high time dhat acertain kingdom, at length panting after evvery propriety, shood know andconfes, dhat her name iz no more _England_, dhan _Engelonde_ or _Angland_;or dhan her sovverain iz _king ov France_!

Since won symbol must no more usurp dhe office ov anoddher, _o_ wil nolonguer pretend to' paint _A braud_ open (_au_); in _ought_, _nought_,_brought_, _thought_, _sought_, _fought_, _bought_; for _aught_ (now indeed_aut_), and dhe rest: nor wil _groat_ and _broad_ expect anny more, to' beacknolleged _graut_ and _braud_.

Nedher _tongue_ nor _tong_ (alreddy won ov a pair) can picture _tung_; dho_u_ stil employ dhe distinctive substitucion ov _o_ in _son_, male issue;nor les propperly dhe ettymolodgic in _yong_, _mong_, _mongrel_, _monk_,(widh _monkey_,) and _Monday_; in _monney_, _bonney_, _conney_, _condit_,_constabel_; az in _yolk_, so in _covver_, _hovver_, _plovver_; in _lovver_and _glovver_, from _lov_ and _glov_. _Cullor_ (nevver _colour_) avoidscoincidence equally widh _collar_ and _coller_; dhe latter greekly, notfrenchly, affected _choler_.

But surely a vocal groop cannot shrink into' an Inglish shut vowel: norcood dhe following French, or almoast French, be suppozed Inglish words:_souple_, _couple_; _double_, _trouble_; _nourish_, _flourish_; _courage_,_courteous_, _country_, _cousin_; _journey_, _journal_; _sojourn_,_adjourn_, and _touch_; more dhan such oddities claim continnuance, az_young_, _rough_, or _tough_: for _suppel_ (alreddy almoast Inglish in_supple_,) _cuppel_; _dubbel_, _trubbel_; _nurrish_, _flurrish_; _currage_,_curteous_; _contry_ (ettymolodgical substitute ov _cuntry_; like _yong_,ov _yung_;) _cozzen_ az _dozzen_, no more _dozen_! _jurney_, _jurnal_;_sodjurn_, _adjurn_, widh _tutch_; _tuf_ and _ruf_: not to' reprezent dheso duly exploded, az _authour_, _succour_, _superiour_ for _author_,_succor_, _superior_; hweddher agent, accion, or adjective.

* * * * *

4. OV OPEN AND SHUT VOWELS.

Az vocallity must often depend on articulacion; consonants, like vowels,must nedher be too manny, too few, nor oddher dhan dhemselvs. If soundsopen must not seem shut, sounds shut must not appear open. No servile canattend a shut vowel; hwich, on dhe contrary, must show dhe consonant dhatshuts it. Hwen a consonant concludes dhe syllabel, after an open vowel; aservile must gard dhe vowel from dhe consonant, hwich else wood shut it. Ashut vowel dhen must show dhe shutter, or be left apparently open.

Dhe first vowel (_a_), slender or braud, may doutles be more or les so, bydhe prezzence or absence ov dhe _stres_, or vocal exercion. _A_ slender,self or substitute, iz open az garded, in _fain_, _fein_, and _fane_;_wail_, and _wale_; open az unshut, in _paper_, _favor_, _braver_,_bravest_, _braving_, _braved_: so in _fainer_, _feiner_; az wel az

_faining_, _feined_; _wailing_, _wailed_; _waling_, _waled_; articculated_pa-per_, _fa-vor_, _bra-ver_, _bra-vest_; _fai-ner_, _fei-ner_, and so on:for _a singuel consonant_, natturally (dhence nescessarily) _articculatesdhe following, _not dhe preceding_ vowel_. _A_, slender, iz shut in _fan_,_fanning_; and the like. _A braud (au)_ haz its own distinctive servile in_faun_ and _fawn_, in _all_ and _awl_, _ball_ and _bawl_. Dho _l_ remaindhe servile in _balling_, az wel az dhe _w_ in _bawling_; it iz no servile,but dhe effective shutter, in _ballot_, _bal-lot_, or dhe like.

_A braud_, shut, plays its own part, hwen articculated by _w_ or _qu_(vertually _cw_,) in dhe propper _Waller_, az in _wallet_ or _quallity_; in_war_, _quarrel_; _wart_, _quart_; _wan_, _want_, _quantity_, and such. _Abraud_, shut, not so articculated, substitutes _o_ shut: dhus dhe _o_ ov_cord_ iz perfetly coincident, or unison, widh dhe _a_ in _ward_. Hware _a_performs its own braud-shut part, _o_ becoms dhe substitute ov _u_ shut, azin _won word_; _quoth_ and _quod_.

_E_ iz dhus open in _mean_ and _mien_, _tiend_ and _fiend_, _siev_ and_seiz_; widh _grief_, _griev_; _relief_, _reliev_; _receiv_, _receit_, anddheir fellows. Open iz _e_ likewize in _meat_, _meet_, and _mete_; (threecoincident!) _meeting_, _meting_, and _meter_; shut in _men_, _pen_, _fen_;_met_, _set_; _penny_, _fennel_; _penning_, _setting_: and so foarth.

_I_ iz open in _fine_, _finer_, _finish_; _dine_, _dining_, and _diner_;_rime_, _riming_, and _rimer_; _fi-ner_, _fi-nish_, and so on: shut in_fin_, _finnish_; _din_, _dinner_; _brim_, _brimmer_; _fin-nish,_ andsimmilar.

_O_ iz open in _Po_, _pole_, _polar_, and _polish_; _mode_, _modish_;_soal_, _sole_, and _soll_; shut in _sollace_, _pollish_, and _moddest_;_po-lish_, _pol-lish_, and dhe like.

_U_ iz open in _unit_, _unite_; _tune_, _tunic_, _punic_, _studious_; shutin _studdy_, _unabated_: _u-nit_, _stu-dent_, _stud-dy_, _un-a-ba-ted_;such compounds being licenced to' take in dhe singuel consonant ov dheprepoziscion.

So hear we, and so see we,

_a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, open; _ar_, _er_, _il_, _on_, _us_, shut; _may_,_me_, _my_, _mow_[2], _mew_; _mas_, _mes_, _mis_, _mos_, _must_. So _Mary_,_marry_; _even_, _sevven_; _ivy_, _Livvy_; _odor_, _odder_; _student_,_studdy._

If dhen open vowels must appear open, shut vowels must appear shut.Forrain, even parental, diccions cannot rule dhe picture ov dhe native: forpicture can hav but won oridginal. Widh parrity ov rezon may (and mustoften) dhe parental vowel be open, and dhe descendant shut. To' edher iz_Popes_ laconnic line applicabel:

_Dhis dhey, dhat know me, know; dhat lov me, tel._

To' keep Inglish, dhus like French and Lattin, or spelling dhe contrast ovspeech; our litterature haz hiddherto' no likenes ov our language; and hazcontinnued inaccessibel to' evvery native, az much az to' evvery strainger.For, hwile we lernedly lov to' see

Aloe, melon, lily, solemn, carol, very, spirit, coral, borough, manor, tenant, minute, honor, punish,

clamor, blemish, limit, comet, pumice, chapel, leper, triple, copy, habit, rebel, tribute, probate, heifer, profit, cavil, revel, drivel, novel, hovel, city, pity, british, critic, madam, credit, idiom, body, study, tacit, licit, hazard, ezad, lizard, closet, bosom, vicar, liquor, liquid, rigor, rigid:

We shrewdly hope to' hear,

Alloe, mellon, lilly, sollemn, carrol, verry, spirrit, corral, burrow, mannor, tennant, minnute, onnor, punnish, clammor, blemmish, limmit, commet, pummice, chappel, lepper, trippel, coppy, habbit, rebbel, tribbute, probbate, heffer, proffit, cavvil, revvel, drivvel, novvel, hovvel, citty, pitty, brittish, crittic, maddam, creddit, iddiom, boddy, studdy, tascit, liscit, hazzard, ezzad, lizzard, clozzet, buzzom, viccar, liccor, licquid, riggor, ridgid.

Hwile dhus notthing but _s_ can dubbel soft _c_, or sibbilantly shut dhepreceding vowel; and render _precious_, or _vicious_, hwat dhey ar; but_prescious_, or _viscious_; dhe sibbilants direct simpel figgure may notonely becom, in dhe ostensibel _physic_, _visit_, and _vision_, a dubbeldepressive; in dhe real _phyzzic_, _vizzit_, and _vizzion_; but work equalwonders, in _polysyllables_ ov anny extension; pretending, in dhe verryname, to' paint _pollysyllabels_. And dhus dhe trokees grow innumerabel,dhat shut and sharpen, shortening dhe former vowel; hwich dhey havhiddherto' pretended to' exhibbit slowly and smoodhly open: so levingsinguel dhe intermediate articulacion, hwich must be audibly dubbel, (mustshut az wel az articculate,) and continnue dhe equal impossibillity, ovreading and writing our language.

For, _hwen_ our _diccion_ attains, like _oddhers_, _dhe_ happy _habbit__ov_ appearing hwat it iz; alternate strength and febelnes must prezent_mallice_ and _maliscious_, _sollemn_ and _solemnity_, _morral_ and_morallity_, _mannor_ and _manorial_, _limmit_ and _limmitacion_, _habbit_and _habittual_, _spirrit_, _spirritual_, and _spirrituallity_. So evveryconsequencial, hweddher ov trocaic or dactyllian stres: _orrigin_,_oridginal_, _oridginality_, or _originallity_, _reallity_, _quallity_,_equallity_, _verrity_, _verrily_, _ennemy_, _ammity_, _appathy_,_probbity_; so, widh _propphet_, _propphesy_, and _propphecy_; but, bypenultimate or antepenultimate ennergy, (dhe stres on last but won, or lastbut two',) _prophettic_, or _prophettical_: widh _philossophy_,_philossopher_, and _philosopphic_; widh _avvarice_, _avvariscious_;

_lodgic_, _logiscian_; _phyzzic_, _phyziscian_; _immage_, _imadgine_;_madjesty_, _majestic_. Az _alliment_, _saccrament_; az _orrifice_,_saccrifice_, and _orrator_, widhout violacion ov aught _sacred_, orchainge ov _oracion_.

* * * * *

5. OV DHE ASPIRATES, AND DHEIR INSERTIVES.

_Oracion_ indeed iz dhus kept _sacred_ az _orrator_: for _t_ cood nevversibbilate (or play _s_) in _orthoggraphy_, aincient or moddern; nor adubbel articulacion pretend to' look singuel, more dhan a singuel a dubbelwon. Dhe dactyl _orthodox_ admits littel chainge in dhe dubbel trokee_orthodoxy_; like _mellancolly_, vulgarly _melancholy_: but _orthoggraphy_and _orthograpphical_ ar, widh equal harmony, subject to' antepenultimatepower. Like Propriety dherfor inserts dhe shutter we hear, in dheduplication, az ov evvery simpel, so ov evvery aspirate, duly dubbled bydhe simpel insertive. Dhus _p_ dubbels _ph_, and even _f_, _f_; in_propphet_, and _proffit_. But, az _ph_ became _f_; so _bh_, universally_v_, nescessarily dubbelled in _provverb_. Az _s_ or _z_ dubbels dhe softsibbilant aspirate, (_sh_ or _zh_) in _prescious_, _decizzion_, _t_ or _d_,respectively, dubbled dhat dhey rendered equal to' _tsh_ or _dzh_: az_tutching_ dhe _madjesty_ ov _relidgion_.

But dhe Inglish tung, (raddher teeth,) enjoying dhe _dental aspirate_,direct and depressive (_th_ and _dh_), beyond perhaps anny oddher language,aincient or moddern; can no longuer be denied dhe appearance, hware it sopeculiarly pozesses dhe reallity, ov dubbling az wel az depressing itspower. No more dhen can be confounded dhe aspirates ov _oath_, _oadhs_; ov_bath_, _badhs_, and _badhe_; ov _Otho_ and _oddher_, _Clotho_ and_clodhier_, _dhis thing_ and _dhat thing_; _dheze things_ and _dhozethings_: misaspiracion wil no more embarras, dhan misarraingement, _DheTheater_.

* * * * *

6. OV REDUNDANT SERVILES.

If _defiscience_ ov symbols hav been so ezily and so amply exampelled; aballance may be proffered in _redundance_; ov consonants, no les dhan ovserviles. Hwen evvery mute minnister waz supplied to' vocallity; dhehardening gard ov _g_, at least, shood not hav been forgotten. If _i_ wazindispensabel in _aingel_ and _dainger, u_ iz az recquizite in _anguel_ and_anguer_, az in _guerdon_. _Guet_ and _guiv_ demand dhe (_u_) hardener, azboldly az _gues_ and _guilt_. So redundance alreddy recalls, in order to'explode, _guess_ and _give!_ Widh dhis not onely _seeing_ (for _seing_) anddhe like; but dhe falsifying final ov _are_, _were_; _awe_, _owe_; _some_,_come_; _above_, _dove_, _love_, _glove_; _throve_, _drove_, _shrove_,_shove_, _hove_; for _ar_, _wer_; _aw_, _ow_; _som_, _com_; _abov_, _dov_,_lov_, _glov_; _throv_, _drov_, _shrov_, _shov_, _hov_: hwere _o_ for _u_guivs to' the ear, _sum_ distinctive, widh _cum_, _abuv_, and dhe rest.

Superfluous, dhence obstructive, (distractive indeed!) dhe _i_ ov _either_,_neither_; _heifer_ and _friend_; dhe _o_ ov _people_ and _yeoman_;_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_, az ov _eulogium_; ov_conduit_, vertually _cundit_: _a_, obviously useles, after an oddherwizeopen vowel, in _season_, _reason_, _treason_, _treacle_, _creature_; in_eave_, _heave_, _weave_, _leave_, _cleave_, _reave_, _greave_; _cease_,_lease_, _crease_, _grease_; _teaze_, _ease_, _please_; like dhe _e_ finalto' _sieve_, _grieve_, _relieve_, _receive;_ dhe second _e_ in _sleeve_,

_geese_, _fleece_, _freeze_, _breeze_, _squeeze_, _cheese_: for _edher_,_nedher_; _heffer_, _frend_; _pepel_ and _yeman_, _leppard_, and _jeppard_;_ellogy_, az _elogium_; widh _condit_: so _sezon_, _rezon_, _trezon_,_trekel_, _creture_; _eve_, _heve_, _weve_, _leve_, _cleve_, _reve_,_greve_; _cese_, _lese_, _crese_, _grese_; _teze_, _eze_, _pleze_: _siev_,_griev_, _reliev_, _receiv_; _sleve_, _guese_, _flece_, _freze_, _breze_,_squeze_, _cheze_. But, like dhe _i_ ov _heifer_ and _friend_, dhe _o_ ov_leopard_ and _jeopard_; dhe _u_ ov _eulogy_; iz dhe _a_ ov _leap_-year andov _neap_-tide; for _lep_-year and _nep_-tide; nay, shamefoolly, like dhesuperfluity in all dheze, haz dhe _a_ hiddherto' remained in _health_,_wealth_, and _stealth_; becauz it stil iz nescessary in _heal_, _weal_,and _steal_! and doutles, for som simmilarly cogent rezon, doz kind _a_continnue to' gard dhe same _shut vowel_! in _realm_, _earl_, _pearl_;_earn_, _learn_; _early_, _earnest_; _earth_, _dearth_, _hearth_, _heard_,_hearse_, _rehearse_, _searce_, _search_, _threat_, _deaf_, _dead_, _head_,_bread_, _tread_, _dread_, _thread_, _stead_, _lead_, _read_; _ready_,_steady_, _heady_, _meadow_; _zealous_, _jealous_, _weapon_, _leaven_,_heaven_, _endeavour_; _pleasure_, _measure_, _treasure_, _leasure_ or_leisure_! for _helth_, _welth_, _stelth_; _relm_, _erl_, _perl_; _ern_,_lern_; _erly_, _ernest_; _erth_, _derth_, _herth_, _herd_, _herse_,_reherse_, _serce_, _serch_; _thret_, _def_, _ded_, _hed_, _bred_, _tred_,_dred_, _thred_, _sted_, _led_, _red_; _reddy_, _steddy_, _heddy_,_meddow_; _zellous_, _jellous_; _weppon_, _levven_, _hevven_, _endevvor_,_plezzure_, _mezzure_, _trezzure_, _lezzure_.

How (alas!) wil BRITTISH LIBBERTY moarn her novvel chains, hwen she mustnot onely speak az she thinks, but write as she speaks; hwen _rove_, _lov_,and _moov_, can chime no more togueddher; hwen _lead_ and _led_, _read_ and_red_, _live_ and _liv_, _tear_ and _tair_, ar found oppozite, az _East_and _West_; nay, az open and shut vowels!

* * * * *

7. OV IMPRACTICABEL ARTICULACION.

No les embarrassing iz dhe redundance ov impracticabel articulacion,iniscial, medial, or final, (in dhe beguinning, middel, or end, ov words:)dhe first indeed chiefly in forrain names, titels, or terms, hware aconsonant, uncombinabel (mediately or immediately) widh a vowel, remains aded rellic: az dhe _c_ ov _czar_ (dho contracted from _Cezar_), dhe _p_ ov_Ptollemy_ (mere _Tollemy_), or _ptisic_ (for _tizzic_), dhe _b_ ov_bdellium_, herd onely _dellium_; and even dhe _p_ ov psalm, herd but_sahm_, dho dhe _l_ be stil audibel in _psalmist_ and _psalmody_, alleffective beside dhe labial (_p_).

* * * * *

8. OV FALSE ASPIRACION.

But no exampel can warrant dhe aspiring ideller, dhat pretends to' lead_heir_, _heritage_, _heritable_, _heritor_; _herb_, _herbage_, _herbalist_;_honour_, _honorary_, _honourable_; and even dhe _humble humour_ ov dhe_passing hour_; insted ov _eir_, _erritage_, _erritabel_, _erritor_; _erb_,_erbage_, _erbalist_; _onnor_, _onnorary_, _onnorabel_; widh dhe _umbelumor_ ov dhe prezzent _our_; hwich doutles can alone be called _our our_.Yet aspiracion cannot be denied to' _inherrit_, _inherritance_,_inherritor_, _heredditary_.

* * * * *

9. DHE GUTTURAL ASPIRATE LOST, OR TRANSMUTED BY MODDERN ORGANS.

Dhe consonants dhat subjoin aspiracion (_h_), ar dhe labial, dental,lingual, and guttural; or dhe articculants from dhe lips, teeth, tung, andthroat: _p_, _t_, _s_, and _k_; by dhe Lattins turned into _c_: az in_Philadelphus_ and _Philadelphia_, _Thales_ and _Thalia_, _Sharon_ and_Sheba_, _Charon_ and _Chilo_, hoom dhe Inglish, havving smoodhed away dheaspiracion, ar fain to' call _Caron_ and _Kilo_.

Aincient organs, howevver, dubbelled occazionally dhe guttural, az wel azdhe labial aspirate; dooing equal justice to' _Bacchus_ and to' _Sappho_:moddern also, (peculiarly the Inglish,) dhe oddher two'; dhe simpel alwayssufficing to' dubbel dhe aspirate. New dialects softening, lost dheguttural aspirate; til dhe Spannish probbably recovvered it from dheMorish. The Itallian and Spannish, and from dhem dhe Inglish, endevvoredto' make up dhe los, by prefixing dhe simpel dental to' dhe lingual orsibbilant aspirate, hwich dhe Gallic ear preferred widhout dhe dental;preferring dherfor dhe vertual _sh_ and _zh_ to' _tsh_ and _dzh_. Inglishorgans loozing, like French, dhe guttural aspirate, edher dropt dheaspiracion, az in _carracter_ and _kemmist_ or _kymmist_; from _character_and _chemist_ or _chymist_; or turned dhe hoal ruf guttural into' dhesmoodh labial aspirate. So softening _cough_, _hough_, _trough_, _through_,_though_; _rough_, _tough_, _slough_, _chough_, widh dhe proppers _Hough_,_Brough_, and _Loughborough_; into' _cof_, _hof_, _trof_; _throo_ or_thro'_, and _dho_: _ruf_, _tuf_, _sluf_, _chuf_; _Huf_, _Bruf_, and_Lufburrough_ or _Lufburrow_. But _Gough_ perhaps Orrigin recalled into'_Goffe_ or _Gof_; hwile _Lough_ became Inglishly _Luf_, and dhe gutturalgraddually melted in _burrow_, ov hwatevver kind.

Aincient ellocucion depressed no aspirate; sattisfied widh _ph_ or _f_,_th_, _sh_, and _kh_ or _ch_; widhout _bh_ or _v_, _dh_, _zh_ or _gh_. Dhelabial aspirate gennerated dhe Eollic digamma F (howevver turned), hwich byand by gave birth to' dhe Lattin V. If primmitive tungs gain dhus at lengthwon depressive aspirate; succeding expression, particcularly dhe Inglish,came to' dubbel dhe depressive _v_ az wel az dhe direct _ph_ or _f_. Frencharticculacion havving no more occazion for such dubbling dhan her parentLattin, dhe Inglish acute or sharp accent askt it _evvery_ moment; butseing no _prescedent_ in oddher picturage, forbore to' _exhibbit_ it, evenuntil dhe _prezzent our_, dhat Inglish anallogy, matured at last, rezolvedto' be _seen_, az wel az _herd_; to' reggulate practice by theory, andrealize theory in practice.

* * * * *

10. DHE OLD ASPIRATE OV R.

Som Greeks, followed by som Lattins, fancied to' ad rufnes to' dhe licquid_R_, or to' paint its innate rufnes more foarcibly, by subjoiningaspiracion. Hence rushed dhe _Rhine_ and dhe _Rhone_, dhe _Rhemi_ and_Rheims_, _Rhoda_ and _Rhodes_; _rhomb_, _rhumb_, _rheum_, and _rhubarb_.Dhe _Rhine_ brought _Rhenish_; az _rhythmus_ _rhythm_, _rhyme_ and _rhime_;til at length harmonious _rezon_ introduced _rime_, boath into' French andInglish; hwence dhe regennerated _Rine_, pouring purified _Rennish_, rouzeddhe rappid _Rone_ to' rezistles emmulacion; brought _Roda_ to' _Rodes_, and_rubarb_ to' _reumatism_. Dhe verry _rinosceros_ disdains now alike to'ruffen hiz horn widh adscitiscious snorting, and to' stifel even hizmoddern sibbilacion.

Hwen dhe guttural aspirate lost dhe aspiracion, dhe simpel guttural alonecood remain: az in _Caron_, _Kiron_, _Akilles_, _Cloe_, _Cronus_; widh

_carracter_, _corus_, and _coral_, stil quite clear ov _corral_: wonceseen, because wonce herd, _Charon_, _Chiron_, _Achilles_, _Chloe_,_Chronus_, _character_, _chorus_, and _choral_.

* * * * *

11. ODDHER ANTIQUATED IDELLERS.

Among medial idellers, hiddherto', not onely suffered, but sanccioned, evenafter parental ejeccion, ar[3] dhe _s_ ov _isle_; _l_ ov _fault_ and_vault_, _p_ ov _receipt_, _b_ ov _debt_ and _doubt; c_ ov _perfect_ and_verdict_[3]; here at last fairly seen _ile_, _faut_, _vaut_, _receit_,_det_, _dout_, _perfet_, _verdit_. Alike idel iz dhe raddical _g_ ov_feign_ and _deign_, for _fein_ and _dain_; and, werse (if possibel) dhanidel, dhe _g_ ov _foreign_ and _sovereign_, for _forrain_ and _sovverain_,from _forain_ and _souverain_; az dheze from _foraneus_ and _supraneus_.

* * * * *

12. FINAL FANTOMS, OR DUBBLERS OV FINAL FORMS.

How manny final fantoms, in articculating shape, must Truiths torch beamaway! how manny dubblers ov a singuel clozer, espescially _l_, _f_, _s_,and _c_! az _ill_, _off_, _ass_, _back_; so _err_, _inn_, _ebb_, _add_,_odd_, _egg_: really no more, nor capabel ov being more, dhan _il_, _of_,_as_, _bac_; _er_, _in_, _eb_, _ad_, _od_, _eg_. _Shall_, for _shal_, dozaddiscional mischief, by inviting ignorance to' brauden dhe vowel.

* * * * *

13. ODDHER FALSIFIERS, MEDIAL OR FINAL, OV LICQUIDS OR SIBBILANTS;PARTICCULARLY, _TI_ FOR A SIBBILACION.

Our misrepprezented consonants seem reducibel to' dheze. 1. Licquid forlicquid: _l_ for _r_, in dhe French _colonel_ for dhe Inglish _curnel_; _n_for _m_, in dhe unutterabel _Banff_, for dhe good town ov _Bamf_. Here toomay enter for explozion, dhe _n_ ov dhe indeffinite artikel, hweddherbefore a licquefaccion or an aspiracion; nedher ov hwich iz a vowel: so canwe no more say _an unicorn_ dhan _an horse_, for _a unicorn_ or _a horse_.2. Direct for depressive; _f_ for _v_, in _of_ for _ov_; _s_ for _z_, in_as_, _has_, _was_, _is_, _his_; for _az_, _haz_, _waz_, _iz_, _hiz_: indhe verbs, _house_, _use_, _peruse_, _abuse_, _excuse_, _amuse_, like_muse_, noun or verb; _chuse_ or _choose_, widh dhe _dubbly_ fallacious_lose_ and _vase_: for _houz_ (like _brouz_), _uze_, _peruze_, _abuze_,_excuze_, _amuze_, _muze_, _chuze_ or _chooz_, _looz_, and _vauz_. Dheverbs dhus, duly sevvered from dhe nouns, lead to' distinguish dhe verb_refuze_ from dhe adjective _refuse_, az wel az from dhe substantive_reffuse_. _Profuze_ and _profuse_, _diffuze_ and _diffuse_, ar simmilarlydistinguishabel. Az we saw _s_ play _dubbel z_ in _visit_ and _vision_, for_vizzit_ and _vizzion_; so see we dubbel _s_ for _z_ in dhe middel, and forwon _s_ in dhe end ov _possess_, for _pozes_; hwich hwile oppozite stressecures to' dhe ear from dhe formative ov _poze_, az _cares_ from dhat ov_care_, dhe context may wel guide dhe eye ov attension to' dhe undoutedmeaning. No wonder if dhe direct figgure ov dhe sibbilant frenchly _rose_,and _occasionally rises_, for dhe depressive reallity; _s_ for _z_ in_rose_ and _rises_, _occasionally_ between vowels; for _occazionally roze_and _rizes_; nay for dhe dubbel depressive in _risen_, for _rizzen_. Dhisrivals indeed _Stephen_ for _Steven_, and even _nephew_ for _nevvew_. If_Stephanus_ pretended to' pattronize dhe won, _neveu_ (not _nepos_) mustcommand dhe oddher.

But dhe French acaddemy, so exemplary in evvery exhibiscion ov itslanguage, set nohwere so fatal or so followed an exampel, az in pretendingto' conjure _ti_ into' _si_ before a vowel: a combinacion indeed! hwichInglish picturage ventured onely to' constitute, raddher substitute, asibbilant aspirate; dhe same groop _condition_ prezenting in won picturage_condicion_; and dhence in dhe oddher _condiscion_. Yet French led notInglish into' dhe dissolucion ov _x_ into' _ct_, in _flexion_, _reflexion_;hwich dhe former nevver violated into' _flection_, _reflection_, or dhelike.

* * * * *

14. DHE ORTHOGGRAPHY OV PROPPER NAMES.

Innocent howevver wer oddher tungs ov mispainting, az ov mispronouncing dhedental aspirate; hwich not attempting to' substanciate even direct, far lesdepressive, dhey aught not, at least need not, to' paint at all: az dheFrench _Tomas_, if les like hiz parent dhan _Thomas_, wood be so much likerhimself; hwile _Tommas_ alone can tel Inglish truith.

But dhat _Tommas_, dho a gennerous confessor ov conviccion, iz not dhealone Brittish truith-teller; dhat he iz rivalled indeed by evvery oddherpropper aincient and moddern, can be no novvelty to' anny crittic ovlitterary natturalizement; hoo must onnor at wonce dhe, hware possibel,prezerved ennergy ov orrigin; and dhe inviolate prezzervacion ov Inglishanallogy; in dhe unchainged compannions ov _Euphrates_, _Darius_,_Heraclitus_, _Berea_, _Thalia_, and dhe rest; az wel az in dheirreffragabel buties ov _Horrace_, _Terrence_, _Cezar_, _Ciscero_,_Senneca_, _Soccrates_, _Democcritus_, _Empeddocles_, _Heroddotus_, no lesdhan ov _Jon_, _Phillip_, _Robbert_, _Parris_, widh _Hellen_, _Elizzabeth_,and dheir oddher Anglicized frends.

* * * * *

15. DHE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPEL OV ORTHOGGRAPHY.

Such iz dhe system ov INGLISH ORTHOGGRAPHY, braught widhin dhe compas ov afew pages, on dhe unfailing principel, hwich aught to' govvern evvery planov litterary improovment: first, to' make no chainge dhat can rascionallybe avoided; and dhen to' make precisely evvery variacion, from vulgarpractice, dhat can be demonstrated indispensabel. Nor iz dhis aught elsedhan a completed minniature ov INGLISH PROPRIETY _ascertained in herpicture_: two quarto-vollumes graciously received by hiz prezzent BrittishMadjesty, from dhe same umbel hands; at St. Jameses, in 1786.

DHE END.

* * * * *

THE ORTHOGRAPHIC RIDDLE.

PREFACE.

These emanations of the British Muse, Where English thoughts could English dress refuse, Were once presented to another press, Though thence borne back, as hopeless of success. What honest critic e'er could credit eligible, Riddles to his researches unintelligible?

When ready caution guards the lit'rate realm, Never shall foreign floods these isles o'erwhelm: Orthography the mother-tongue shall give, Ever, as every where, with Truth to live; Truth, Reason, Beauty shall o'erspread the nation; Shall solve the RIDDLE, with one contemplation.

The public monitor of truth, Sworn enemy to what's uncouth, With blockheads similarly spells, (Orthography with pleasure tells) That thus the force of ridicule Should laugh the learned back to school. What then should cause that laughter strange? What should occasion gen'ral change?

Orthography the answer gives, To satisfy whoever lives. The honest will confess the pity, Court, country, citadel with city; That ancients, with the giddy young, Should study still the Latin tongue; Should leave to levity, to dolour, The unproficient English scholar; Should give the very stranger dread, Of gibberish, that ne'er was read; That ne'er was heard, without derision, Eschewing ocular revision.

This one example well will prove, Will lib'ral laughter doubtless move: When Pedantry shall cease to swell, Honour'd Humility will spell. The beauty then, of British truth, Resistless shall enamour youth; Shall evidence th' asseveration, Throughout th' etymologic nation; That one poetic exhibition Could, without lit'ral intuition, Fill ev'ry literary article, Though never spell one single particle: Could faithfully the whole present, Without[5] once shad'wing what were meant.

* * * * *

DHE SOLUCION OV DHE ORTHOGRAPPHIC RIDDEL.

PREFFACE.

Dheze emmanacions ov dhe Brittish Muze, Hware Inglish thaughts cood Inglish dres refuze, Wer wonce prezented to' anoddher pres, Dho dhence bor'n bac az hopeles ov succes. Hwat onnest crittic ehr cood creddit elligibel, Riddels to' hiz reserches unintelligibel? Hwen steddy caucion gards dhe litt'rate relm, Nevver shal forrain fluds dheze iles o'rhwelm: Orthoggraphy dhe moddher-tung shal guiv, Evver, az evv'rihware, widh Truith to' liv;

Truith, Rezon, Buty shal o'rspred dhe nacion; Shal solv dhe RIDDEL, widh won contemplacion.

Dhe pubblic monnitor ov truith, Swor'n ennemy to' hwat'z uncooth, Widh blockheds simmilarly spels, (Orthoggraphy widh plezzure tels) Dhat dhus dhe foarce ov riddicule Shood laf dhe lerned bac to' scool. Hwat dhen shood cauz dhat lafter strainge? Hwat shood occazion genn'ral chainge?

Orthoggraphy dhe anser guivs, To' sattisfy hooevver livs. Dhe onnest wil confes dhe pitty, Coart, contry, cittadel widh citty; Dhat aincients, widh dhe guiddy yong, Shood studdy stil dhe Lattin tung; Shood leve to' levvity, to' dollor, Dhe unprofiscient Inglish scollar; Shood guiv dhe verry strainger dred, Ov guibberish, dhat nehr waz red; Dhat nehr waz herd widhout derizzion, Eskewing occular revizzion.

Dhis won exampel wel wil proov, Wil libb'ral lafter doutles moov: Hwen Peddantry shal cese to' swel, Onnor'd Humillity wil spel. Dhe buty dhen, ov Brittish truith, Rezistles shal enammor yooth; Shal evvidence dh' assevveracion, Thro'out dh' etymmolodgic nacion; Dhat won poettic exhibiscion Cood, widhout litt'ral intuiscion, Fil evv'ry litterary artikel, Dho nevver spel won singuel partikel: Cood faithfoolly dhe hoal prezent, Widhout[6] wonce shadd'wing hwat wer ment.

* * * * *

NOTES

[1] If not vulgarized from _batteller_.

[2] Ov _mow_ dhe vowel and servile coalesce, (az in _sow_,) into' adipthong, in dhe compound noun _barley-mow_.

[3] From dhe old barbarous French _isle_[4], _faulte_, _voulte_, _recepte_,_debte_, _doubte_; _parfaict_, _vraidict_: now duly _île_, _faute_,_voute_, _recette_, _dette_, _doute_, _parfait_, and _vraidit_ from _verèdictum_.

[4] Inglish propriety, and indeed common-sense, must also protest againsttwo' late _misnomers: Th'isleworth_ for _Thistelworth_; and dhe forrainaffectacion ov _St. Mary la bonne_ (or even _borne_) for _Marribone_.

[5] Without one particle, representing what is read.

[6] Widhout won partikel, repprezenting hwat iz red.

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