A meal fit for a A meal fit for a KingKing

The science behind what we The science behind what we eateat

NutritionNutrition

In order for you to live, your cells In order for you to live, your cells (the building blocks of live) need to (the building blocks of live) need to eat and breathe. eat and breathe.

Nutrition is the process in which the Nutrition is the process in which the cell receives all that it needs to cell receives all that it needs to survive (Osurvive (O22, nutrients) and gets rid , nutrients) and gets rid of all its waste. of all its waste.

NUTRITION

Digestive System

Respiratory System

Excretory System

CirculatorySystem

Nutrition groups together different Nutrition groups together different systems in our body:systems in our body: Digestive system: Digestive system:

breaks down the food we eat into essential breaks down the food we eat into essential nutrients, nutrients,

Respiratory system: Respiratory system: provides Oprovides O22 to the lungs to the lungs

Circulatory and lymphatic system: Circulatory and lymphatic system: highways that transport nutrients and waste highways that transport nutrients and waste

to their destinationto their destination Excretory system. Excretory system.

What can our body use?What can our body use?

What do you do, if What do you do, if you only have a ten you only have a ten dollar bill, and dollar bill, and want a juice that want a juice that cost 0.25$?cost 0.25$?

The same must The same must occur with our occur with our food. Our body can food. Our body can only take “0.25$”.only take “0.25$”.

In order for your body to use the In order for your body to use the food (10 dollar bill) it must be food (10 dollar bill) it must be broken down into small particles broken down into small particles called nutrients (“0.25$”), which can called nutrients (“0.25$”), which can be absorbed in the blood stream. be absorbed in the blood stream.

The process of breaking down and The process of breaking down and absorbing food is called digestion.absorbing food is called digestion.

What are the functions of food?What are the functions of food?

Food – 3 functionsFood – 3 functions1.1. gives energygives energy

2.2. builds and repairs tissuesbuilds and repairs tissues

3.3. regulates regulates metabolismmetabolism Metabolism: combination of chemical Metabolism: combination of chemical

reactions that occur in your bodyreactions that occur in your body

What are the different types of What are the different types of nutrients? nutrients?

1. 1. ProteinsProteins2.2. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates3.3. LipidsLipids4. 4. WaterWater5.5. Fiber:Fiber:

1.1. Fiber is considered a type of carbohydrateFiber is considered a type of carbohydrate2.2. It attracts water to your stool but it is not It attracts water to your stool but it is not

completely digestedcompletely digested3.3. It prevents constipation (does not supply energy)It prevents constipation (does not supply energy)

6.6. MineralsMinerals7. 7. VitaminsVitamins

2. Carbohydrates2. Carbohydrates Functions:Functions:

- Short term energy supplyShort term energy supply

Carbohydrates (Carbs) are composed of Carbohydrates (Carbs) are composed of glucoseglucose

They can be found in They can be found in a)   foods that contain a)   foods that contain starchstarch: :

(potatoes, rice, bread, meats, poultry, (potatoes, rice, bread, meats, poultry, fish, fish, nuts, eggs and tofu)nuts, eggs and tofu)

b) foods that contains b) foods that contains sugarssugars: : (yams, fruit, honey, vegetables)(yams, fruit, honey, vegetables)

3. Lipids3. Lipids

Functions:Functions:- Long term energy supplyLong term energy supply

Lipids are composed of glycerol and Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acidsfatty acids

They can be found in They can be found in Butter, animal and vegetable oil, certain Butter, animal and vegetable oil, certain meats, nuts and cheesemeats, nuts and cheese

4. Water4. Water Water is a pure substance Water is a pure substance 60% of the body is made of water60% of the body is made of water Functions:Functions:

- Regulates the metabolismRegulates the metabolism- Contributes to chemical reactions within the Contributes to chemical reactions within the

bodybody- As blood is made mostly of water, it As blood is made mostly of water, it

contributes to the transportation of different contributes to the transportation of different elementselements

They can be found in They can be found in Liquids, fruits and vegetablesLiquids, fruits and vegetables

5. Fiber5. Fiber

Functions:Functions:- Prevents constipationPrevents constipation

They are made of cellulose and other They are made of cellulose and other non-starch polysaccharidesnon-starch polysaccharides

They can be found in They can be found in The skin of fruits and vegetablesThe skin of fruits and vegetables

6. Minerals6. Minerals Functions:Functions:

- Regulates the metabolism Regulates the metabolism - Enter in the repair and growth of bones, Enter in the repair and growth of bones,

cartilage, teeth and nervescartilage, teeth and nerves

Minerals are made of simple chemical Minerals are made of simple chemical elements.elements.

They can be found in They can be found in Fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk, meats and Fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk, meats and fishfish

7.Vitamins7.Vitamins There are 13 types of vitaminsThere are 13 types of vitamins

(A, B, C, D, E, K and so on)(A, B, C, D, E, K and so on)

Functions:Functions:- Regulates metabolism Regulates metabolism

e.g. Vitamin A allows to see in the dark. e.g. Vitamin A allows to see in the dark. Vitamin C allows for healthy Vitamin C allows for healthy

teeth and gums.teeth and gums.

They can be found in They can be found in Fruits, vegetables, meats and their Fruits, vegetables, meats and their substitutes, milk, nuts, eggs, grains.substitutes, milk, nuts, eggs, grains.

Energy in foodEnergy in food

Food gives us energy. Food gives us energy.

But how much energy do we need?But how much energy do we need?

But how much energy can food give us?But how much energy can food give us? Energy is measured in kJ. Energy is measured in kJ. Energy of the food comes from the Energy of the food comes from the

destruction of the bonds between the destruction of the bonds between the molecules.molecules.

What about energy?What about energy? On average an adolescent, needs 10 500 On average an adolescent, needs 10 500

kJ/day to keep up daily activities. kJ/day to keep up daily activities. However, However, this value depends on each individual, their this value depends on each individual, their basic metabolism and their physical activities. basic metabolism and their physical activities.

Basal metabolismBasal metabolism: : How much energy your body needs How much energy your body needs to maintain the to maintain the

vital functionsvital functions (breathing, heart beating, cellular (breathing, heart beating, cellular activity)activity)

On average a man requires 7000 kJ to On average a man requires 7000 kJ to maintain vital functions, and 5 500 kJ for a maintain vital functions, and 5 500 kJ for a womanwoman

Daily amount of Daily amount of NutrientsNutrients

Proteins: Proteins: 15% of your kJ intake15% of your kJ intake Carbohydrates:Carbohydrates: 55% of you kJ intake55% of you kJ intake Lipids:Lipids: 30% of your kJ intake30% of your kJ intake

For a healthy diet of someone who weighs For a healthy diet of someone who weighs approximately 65kg this corresponds to approximately 65kg this corresponds to the following kJ values…the following kJ values…

Energy of Nutrients Energy of Nutrients

NutrientsNutrients NeedNeed EnergyEnergy kJkJCarbohydrateCarbohydratess

340 g340 g 1g =1g = 5 780 kJ5 780 kJ

ProteinsProteins 2g/kg2g/kg 1g =1g = 2 210 kJ2 210 kJ

LipidsLipids 85g85g 1g =1g = 3 145 kJ3 145 kJ

TotalTotal 11 135 kJ11 135 kJ

37 37 kJkJ

17kJ17kJ

17kJ17kJ

C is for Cookie?C is for Cookie?

Or Calculation?Or Calculation?

C is for Cookie…C is for Cookie…

Cookies:Cookies:

Protein Protein 2.1 g2.1 g

Fat Fat 7.7 g7.7 g

Carbs Carbs 24 g24 g

2.1 g x 17 2.1 g x 17 = 35.7 = 35.7 kJkJ

7.7g x 377.7g x 37 = 284.9 = 284.9 kJkJ

24 g x 1724 g x 17 = 408 = 408 kJkJ

Total:Total: = 728.6 = 728.6 kJkJ

Function:Function:These cookies are therefore an These cookies are therefore an energy energy producerproducer but are also very high in fat but are also very high in fat